Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3854 888988 879448 2026-07-29T13:37:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 888988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshe kuma wanda ya assasa [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don ya yi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni A.S.W da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Adamu, Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) a [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu wani allah sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> 14ipj4za56ejlu03ov4gyxjlejv8hid 888989 888988 2026-07-29T13:37:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 888989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad''' (c. 570 – 8 Yuni 632 CE) Annabi kuma Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Shi ne shugaba kuma Annabin ƙarshe kuma wanda ya assasa [[Musulunci|addinin Musulunci.]] A koyarwar Musulunci, shi Annabi ne da aka aiko daga Allah don ya yi wa’azi da tabbatar da koyarwar tauhidi da tabbatar da koyarwar annabawa da manzanni A.S.W da suka zo kafin shi tun daga Adamu, Nuhu, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (A.S.W) da sauran annabawa. An yi imani da shi ne Hatimin Annabawa a Musulunci, kuma tare da Alkur'ani, koyarwarsa da misalan sa na yau da kullun sune tushen imani a addinin Musulunci. An haifi Muhammad (S.A.W) a [[Makka]] ga zuriyar Banu Hashim na kuraishawa. Shi dan Abdullahi bn Abdil-Muddalib ne da Amina bint Wahb. Mahaifinsa Abdullahi dan shugaban kabilar Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim ya rasu a daidai lokacin da aka haifi Muhammad S.A.W Mahaifiyarsa Amina ta rasu tana da shekaru shidda, ta bar Muhammad maraya. Ya girma a karkashin kulawar kakansa, Abdul-Muttalib, da kawun mahaifinsa, Abu Talib. A shekarun baya, yakan keɓe kansa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wani kogon dutse mai suna Hira don yin addu'a da dama. Lokacin da yake shekara Arba'in, a c.610, Muhammadu S.A.W ya ruwaito cewa Jibrilu (A.S.W) ya ziyarce shi a cikin kogon kuma ya karbi wahayinsa na farko daga wurin Allah (S.W.A) shekara ta alif 613,Annabi Muhammad ya fara wa’azin wadannan ayoyin a fili, yana shelar cewa “Allah Makadaici ne” Kuma A cewa cikakkiyar “mika wuya” (Musulunci) kuma shi annabi ne kuma manzon Allah S.A.W kamar sauran annabawa (A.S.W) a Musulunci. Mabiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) da farko ba su da yawa, kuma sun fuskanci zalunci daga mushrikan Makka na tsawon shekaru Shidda. Don guje wa tsanantawa da ake ci gaba da yi, ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa zuwa Habasha a shekara ta alif 615, kafin shi da mabiyansa su yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (a lokacin da ake kira Yathrib) daga baya a shekara ta Alif 622. Wannan waki’ar, wato Hijira, ita ce farkon kalandar Musulunci, wadda aka fi sani da kalandar Hijiriyya. A Madina, Muhammadu (S.W.A) ya hada kabilu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina. A cikin watan Disamba 629, bayan shekaru takwas ana gwabza fada da kabilun Makka, Muhammadu ya tara runduna ta tubabbun musulmai 10,000 suka nufi birnin Makka. Yakin ya tafi ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma Muhammad ya kwace garin da raunuka kadan. A shekara ta alif 632, ƴan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Hajjin bankwana, ya yi rashin lafiya ya rasu. A lokacin mutuwarsa, yawancin kasashen Larabawa sun musulunta. ayoyin (waḥy) da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya ba da labarin samunsu har zuwa rasuwarsa, su ne ayoyin Alqur’ani, waxanda Musulunci ya ginu a kansu, Musulmi suna kallonsa a matsayin kalmar Allah ta zahiri da kuma wahayinsa na qarshe. Bayan Alqur'ani, koyarwar Muhammadu S.A.W da ayyukansa, waɗanda aka samu a cikin rahotannin da aka watsa, waɗanda aka fi sani da hadisi, da kuma a cikin tarihinsa (sīrah), su ma suna da ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su azaman tushen shari'ar Musulunci. Baya ga Musulunci, Muhammadu ya sami yabo a cikin Sikhism a matsayin mutum mai ban sha'awa, a cikin bangaskiyar Druze a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan annabawa bakwai, kuma a cikin ban gaskiyar Baha'i a matsayin bayyanuwar Allah. == Rayuwar baya == A shekara alif 605, Quraysh sun yanke shawarar rufin [[Ka'aba]], wanda a baya ya kunshi ganuwa kawai. Ana buƙatar sake ginawa gaba ɗaya don karɓar sabon nauyi. A cikin damuwa ga me da ɓata wa alloli rai, wani mutum ya zo gaba da picaxe kuma ya ce, "Ya allahiya! Ba tsoro ba! Manufarmu kawai ga mafi kyau. " Tare da hakan, ya fara rushe shi. Mutanen Makka masu damuwa suna jiran ramuwar gayya ta Allah da daddare, ammah ci gaba da shi ba tare da lahani ba washegari an gan shi a matsayin alamar amincewar sama. A cewar wani labari da Ibn Ishaq ya tattara, lokacin da lokaci ya yi da za a sake haɗa [[Baƙin Dutse|Black Stone]], jayayya ta tashi game da wane dangin ya kamata ya sami gata. An ƙaddara cewa mutum na farko da ya shiga kotun Ka'aba zai sasanta. Muhammad ya ɗauki wannan rawar, yana neman mayafi. Ya sanya dutse a kansa, yana jagorantar wakilan dangin don haɗa kai da ɗaga shi zuwa matsayinsa. Daga nan sai da kansa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin bango.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Jomier|1990}} === Farkon Alkur'ani === [[Fayil:Cave_Hira.jpg|right|thumb|kogon Hira a dutsen Jabal al-Nour inda, bisa ga imanin Musulmi, Muhammadu ya sami wahayi na farko]] Tsaron kudi da Muhammad ya ji daga [[Khadija bint Khuwailid|Khadija]], matarsa mai arziki, ya ba shi isasshen lokacin kyauta don ciyarwa shi kaɗai a cikin kogon Hira.{{Sfn|Rodgers|2012}}{{Sfn|Netton|2013}} Bisa ga al'adar Islama, a a 610, lokacin da yake da shekaru 40, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya bayyana a gare shi yayin ziyarar da ya kai kogon.{{Sfn|Conrad|1987}} Mala'ikan ya nuna masa zane tare da ayoyin Alkur'ani a kai kuma ya umurce shi da ya karanta. Lokacin da Muhammadu ya furta jahilcinsa, Jibra'ilu ya maƙure shi da karfi, kusan ya kashe shi, kuma ya sake maimaita umarnin. Yayin da Muhammadu ya sake jaddada rashin iyawarsa na karatu, Jibra'ilu ya sake shanye shi a irin wannan hanyar. Wannan jerin ya sake faruwa sau ɗaya kafin Jibra'ilu (A.S.W) a ƙarshe ya karanta ayoyin, ya ba Muhammadu damar haddace su.{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}}{{Sfn|Klein|1906}}{{Sfn|Wensinck|Rippen|2002}} Wadannan ayoyi daga baya sun zama Alkur'ani 96:1-5.{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}} Lokacin da Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya farka, sai ya ji tsoro; ya fara tunanin cewa bayan duk wannan gwagwarmayar ruhaniya, wani jinn ya ziyarce shi, wanda ya sa ya daina so ya rayu. A cikin matsananciyar damuwa,A Muhammadu ya gudu daga kogon kuma ya fara hawa zuwa saman dutsen don tsalle zuwa mutuwarsa. Ammah lokacin da ya isa taron, ya sami wani hangen nesa, a wannan lokacin ya ga wani abu mai iko wanda ya mamaye sararin samaniya kuma ya kalli baya ga Muhammadu ko da lokacin da ya juya don fuskantar wata hanya daban. Wannan shine ruhun wahayi ({{Transl|ar|[[rūḥ]]}}), wanda Muhammad daga baya ya kira [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]]; ba mala'ika ne na halitta ba, ammah kasancewar da ta fi dacewa wacce ta tsayayya da iyakokin bil'adama da sararin samaniya.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Tsoro kuma ba zai iya fahimtar kwarewar ba, Muhammadu ya hanzarta sauka daga dutsen zuwa ga matarsa Khadija (R.T.A) A lokacin da ya isa gare ta, ya riga ya yi yawo a hannunsa da gwiwoyi, yana girgiza da babbar murya kuma yana kuka "Ka rufe ni!", yayin da ya tura kansa a kan cinyarta. Khadija ta lulluɓe shi cikin mayafi kuma ta riƙe shi a hannunta har sai tsoronsa ya ɓace. Ba ta da wata shakka game da wahayinsa; ta nace cewa na gaskiya ne kuma ba jinni ba ne.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Har ila yau, dan uwan Kirista na Khadija Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya tabbatar da Muhammad, wanda da farin ciki ya ce "Mai Tsarki! Mai Tsarki! Idan kun gaya mini gaskiya, O Khadijah, ya zo masa babban allahntaka wanda ya zo wurin Musa a baya, kuma shi ne annabin mutanensa. " Khadija (R.T.A) ta umurci Muhammadu ya sanar da ita idan Jibra'ilu ya dawo.{{Sfn|Brown|2003}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Lokacin da ya bayyana a lokacin sirri, Khadija ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar sanya Muhammad ya zauna a cinyarta ta hagu, cinyarta na dama, da kuma cinyarta, yana tambayar Muhammad idan har yanzu yana nan a kowane lokaci. Bayan Khadija ta cire tufafinta tare da Muhammad a cinyarta, sai ya ba da rahoton cewa Gabriel ya tafi a wannan lokacin. Khadija ta gaya masa ya yi farin ciki yayin da ta kammala cewa ba Shaidan ba ne ammah mala'ika ne da ke ziyartar shi.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Rosenwein|2018}}{{Sfn|Brown|2003}} Halin Muhammadu (S.A.W) a lokacin da yake wahayi sau da yawa ya haifar da zarge-zarge daga tsaransa cewa yana ƙarƙashin tasirin jinn, mai duba, ko mai sihiri, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ya samu a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan adadi da aka sani a tsohuwar Arabiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na kamawa na iya zama shaida mai rinjaye ga mabiyansa game da asalin allahntaka na wahayinsa. Wasu masana [[tarihi]] sun ce kwatancin yanayin Muhammadu a cikin waɗannan lokuta na iya zama gaskiya, saboda ba zai yiwu Musulmai daga baya ne suka kirkiresu ba.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} [[Fayil:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg|thumb|Hoton [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] yana ziyartar Muhammadu daga ''Siyer-i Nebi'']] === Hamayya a Makka === A kusa da 613, Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a; {{Transl|ar|[[Islam#Etymology|islam]]}} da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa na farko mata ne, 'yanci, bayin, bayi, da sauran membobin ƙananan zamantakewa.{{Sfn|Ramadan|2007}}{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Wadannan masu tuba suna jiran kowane sabon wahayi daga Muhammadu; lokacin da ya karanta shi, dukansu za su sake maimaita shi kuma su haddace shi, kuma masu karatu sun rubuta shi a rubuce.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2007}} Muhammad kuma ya gabatar da al'ada ga ƙungiyarsa wanda ya haɗa da addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}) tare da matsayi na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar mika wuya (islama) ga Allah, da bayar da sadaka ({{Transl|ar|[[zakat]]}}) a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga al'ummar musulmi ({{Transl|ar|[[ummah]]}}).{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} A wannan lokacin, an san ƙungiyar addinin Muhammadu da {{Transl|ar|tazakka}} ('tsarkakewa').{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}}{{Sfn|Watt|1953}} Da farko, ba shi da wata babbar adawa daga mazaunan [[Makkah|Makka]], waɗanda ba su damu da ayyukansa na tuba ba, ammah lokacin da ya fara kai farmaki ga imanin su, tashin hankali ya tashi.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Lewis|2002}}{{Sfn|Muranyi|1998}}{{Sfn|Gordon|2005}} [[Ƙuraishawa|Quraysh]] sun kalubalanci shi ya yi mu'ujizai, kamar kawo maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, duk da haka ya ki, yana tunanin cewa ka'idojin yanayi sun riga sun zama isasshen tabbacin girman Allah. Wasu sun yi masa ba'a ta hanyar yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa Allah bai ba shi dukiya ba. Sauran sun yi masa kira ya ziyarci Aljanna kuma ya dawo tare da naɗaɗɗun takardu na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. Amma Muhammadu ya tabbatar da cewa Alkur'ani, a cikin hanyar da ya gabatar da shi, ya riga ya zama hujja mai ban mamaki.{{Sfn|Phipps|2016}}{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} === Wakilan Quraysh zuwa Yathrib === Shugabannin Quraysh sun aika Nadr ibn al-Harith da Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt zuwa [[Madinah|Yathrib]] don neman ra'ayoyin malamai Yahudawa game da Muhammadu. Rabbin sun shawarce su da su tambayi Muhammadu tambayoyi uku: su ba da labarin samari da suka fara a farkon zamani; su ba da labari game da matafiyi wanda ya kai gabas da yammacin duniya; kuma su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ruhun. Idan Muhammadu ya amsa daidai, sun ce, zai zama Annabi; in ba haka ba, zai zama maƙaryaci. Lokacin da suka koma Makka suka tambayi Muhammad tambayoyin, sai ya gaya musu cewa zai ba da amsoshin washegari. Koyaya, kwanaki 15 sun wuce ba tare da amsa daga Allahn sa ba, wanda ya haifar da tsegumi tsakanin Makkawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa ga Muhammadu. A wani lokaci daga baya, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya zo wurin Muhammadu kuma ya ba shi amsoshin.{{Sfn|Ṣallābī|2005}}{{Sfn|Peterson|2007}} === Gudun hijira zuwa Abyssinia da abin da ya faru na ayoyin shaidan === A shekara t 615, Muhammad ya aika da wasu daga cikin mabiyansa don yin ƙaura zuwa Masarautar Abyssinian ta Aksum kuma ya sami ƙaramin mallaka a ƙarƙashin kariya na Kirista na Habasha Aṣḥama ibn Abjar . {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Daga cikin wadanda suka tafi akwai Umm Habiba, 'yar daya daga cikin shugabannin Quraysh, [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], da mijinta.{{Sfn|Cheikh|2015}} Sai Quraysh suka aika da mutane biyu don dawo da su. Saboda aikin fata a lokacin yana da daraja sosai a Abyssinia, sun tattara fata da yawa kuma sun kai su can don su iya rarraba wasu ga kowane janar na masarautar. Amma sarki ya ki amincewa da bukatarsu.{{Sfn|Peters|1994}} Duk da yake [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]] da Ibn Hisham sun ambaci ƙaura ɗaya kawai zuwa Abyssinia, akwai saiti biyu bisa ga Ibn Sa'd. Daga cikin wadannan biyu, yawancin rukuni na farko sun koma Makka kafin taron {{Transl|ar|[[Hijrah]]}}, yayin da yawancin rukuni ya biyu suka kasance a Abyssinia a lokacin kuma suka tafi kai tsaye zuwa [[Madinah|Madina]] bayan taron {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}. Wadannan labaran sun yarda cewa tsanantawa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Muhammadu ya tura su can. A cewar W. Montgomery Watt, abubuwan da suka faru sun fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda asusun gargajiya suka nuna; ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai rarrabuwar rabuwa a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna iya zuwa can don kasuwanci a gasa tare da manyan iyalai masu kasuwanci na Makka. A cikin wasikar Urwa da Tabari ya adana, waɗannan 'yan gudun hijira sun dawo bayan juyowa zuwa Islama na mutane da yawa a matsayi kamar [[Hamza]] da [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]].{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} === Gudun Hijira zuwa Madina === Yayinda juriya ga masu tuba a Makka ta girma, Muhammadu ya fara iyakance kokarinsa ga wadanda ba 'yan Makka ba wadanda suka halarci baje kolin ko yin aikin hajji.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} A wannan lokacin, Muhammadu ya haɗu da mutane shida daga Banu Khazraj . Wadannan maza suna da tarihin mamaye Yahudawa a yankinsu, wanda hakan zai gargadi su cewa za a aika da annabi don azabtar da su. Da suka ji saƙon addini na Muhammadu, sun ce wa juna, "Wannan shi ne annabin da Yahudawa suka gargadi mu. Kada ku bar su su isa gare shi a gabanmu!" Bayan sun rungumi Islama, sun koma Madina kuma sun raba gamuwarsu, suna fatan cewa ta hanyar samun mutanensu - Khazraj da Aws, waɗanda suka kasance ba su da kyau na dogon lokaci - karɓar Islama kuma su karɓi Muhammadu a matsayin shugabansu, za a iya samun hadin kai tsakanin su.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Peters|2021}} A shekara mai zuwa, biyar daga cikin masu tuba na baya sun sake komawa Muhammad, tare da su sabbin mutane bakwai, uku daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga Banu Aws. A Aqaba, kusa da Makka, sun yi alkawarin amincinsu a gare shi.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammad ya danƙa wa [[Mus'ab ibn Umayr]] ya haɗu da su a lokacin da suka dawo Madina don inganta Islama. Ya zo Yuni 622, an shirya wani muhimmin taron sirri, kuma a Aqaba. A cikin wannan taron, mutane saba'in da biyar daga Madina (Yathrib a lokacin) sun halarci, ciki har da mata biyu, wakiltar duk masu tuba na oases.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}} Muhammadu ya tambaye su da su kare shi kamar yadda za su kare matansu da 'ya'yansu. Sun yarda kuma sun ba shi rantsuwarsu, wanda aka fi sani da alkawarin na biyu a al-Aqabah ko alkawarin yaƙi.{{Sfn|Fontaine|2022}} Aljanna ita ce alkawarin Muhammadu a gare su don musayar amincinsu.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007}} == Shekaru na Medinan == === Gina al'ummar addini a Madina === Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan ya zauna a Madina, Muhammadu ya tattauna don sayen wani yanki; a kan wannan makirci, Musulmai sun fara gina ginin da zai zama gidan Muhammadu da kuma wurin taruwa na al'umma ({{Transl|ar|[[masjid]]}}) don addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[salat]]}}). An yi amfani da kututturen itace a matsayin ginshiƙai don riƙe rufin, kuma babu wani kyakkyawan fadar; maimakon haka, Muhammadu ya tsaya a saman ƙaramin kujera don yin magana da ikilisiya. An kammala tsarin bayan kimanin watanni bakwai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta Al 623, ya zama gini na farko na Musulmi da masallaci; bangon arewacin yana da dutse da ke nuna hanyar addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[qibla]]}}) wanda shi ne Urushalima a wannan lokacin. Muhammad ya yi amfani da ginin don karbar bakuncin tarurruka na jama'a da na siyasa, da kuma wurin da matalauta za su taru don karɓar sadaka, abinci, da kulawa. An kuma ba wa Kiristoci da Yahudawa damar shiga cikin bautar al'umma a masallacin. Da farko, addinin Muhammadu ba shi da wata hanyar da za a tsara don kiran al'umma zuwa addu'a a hanyar da aka tsara. Don warware wannan, Muhammadu ya yi la'akari da amfani da ƙaho na rago ({{Transl|ar|[[shofar]]}}) kamar Yahudawa ko mai yin katako na katako kamar Kiristoci, ammah ɗaya daga cikin Musulmai a cikin al'ummah ya yi mafarki inda wani mutum da ke cikin mayafin kore ya gaya masa cewa wani da babbar murya ya kamata ya sanar da hidimar ta hanyar ihu "[[Takbir|allahu akbar]]" ('Allah ya fi girma') don tunatar da Musulmai game da fifiko; lokacin da wannan mafarki, ya yarda da ra'ayin kuma ya zaɓi [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal]], tsohon bawa na Abyssinian da aka sani da muryarsa mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} === Tsarin Mulki na Madina === Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Madina alkawari ne na doka wanda Muhammadu ya rubuta. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, kabilun Larabawa da Yahudawa na Madina sun yi alkawarin rayuwa cikin salama tare da Musulmai da kuma guje wa yin yarjejeniya ta daban da Makka. Ya kuma tabbatar wa Yahudawa 'yancin addini. A cikin yarjejeniyar, ana buƙatar duk wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa ya kare da kuma kare oasis idan aka kai masa hari. A siyasance, yarjejeniyar ta taimaka wa Muhammadu ya fahimci ko wane mutane ne ke gefensa.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Ibn Ishaq, bayan labarinsa na {{Transl|ar|Hijrah}}, ya ci gaba da cewa Muhammadu ya rubuta rubutun kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da aka ɗauka ba tare da samar da wani {{Transl|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} ko tabbatarwa ba.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}} Ana ɗaukar sunan gabaɗaya ba daidai ba ne, kamar yadda rubutun bai kafa jiha ba ko kuma ya kafa dokokin Alkur'ani, amma ya magance al'amuran kabilanci.{{Sfn|Arjomand|2022}}{{Sfn|Rubin|2022}} Duk da yake malamai daga Yamma da Musulmi sun yarda da sahihancin rubutun, rashin jituwa ya ci gaba da ko yarjejeniya ce ko kuma sanarwar Muhammad, yawan takardun da ya kunshi, bangarorin farko, takamaiman lokacin da aka kirkireshi (ko na bangarorin da suka hada da shi), ko an rubuta shi kafin ko bayan da Muhammadu ya cire manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina, da kuma hanyar da ta dace don fassara shi.{{Sfn|Humphreys|1991}}{{Sfn|Watt|1956}} === Rikici da kabilun Yahudawa === Da zarar an kammala shirye-shiryen fansa ga fursunonin Makka, sai ya fara kewaye Banu Qaynuqa, wanda aka dauka a matsayin mafi rauni da wadata daga cikin manyan kabilun Yahudawa uku na Madina.{{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} Tushen Musulmi sun ba da dalilai daban-daban na kewaye, gami da rikici da ya shafi [[Hamza]] da Ali a kasuwar Banu Qaynuqa, da kuma wani juzu'i na Ibn Ishaq, wanda ke ba da labarin wata mace musulma da wani masanin zinare na Qaynuqa ya yi wa ba'a.{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}}{{Sfn|Lassner|2012}} Ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba, Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi mafaka a sansanin su, inda Muhammadu ya toshe su, ya yanke damar samun abinci. Banu Qaynuqa sun nemi taimako daga abokansu Larabawa, amma Larabawa sun ki tun da sun kasance magoya bayan Muhammadu.{{Sfn|Armstrong|2013}} Bayan kimanin makonni biyu, Banu Qaynuqa sun mika wuya ba tare da shiga yaƙi ba.{{Sfn|Rodinson|2021}}{{Sfn|Glubb|2001}} == Shekaru na ƙarshe == === Cin nasarar Makka === <div class="depiction">[[Fayil:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg|thumb|Hoton daga {{Transl|ar|[[Siyer-i Nebi]]}} na Muhammadu yana ci gaba a Makka, tare da fuskarsa. Mala'iku [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]], Mika'ilu, Isra'ila da Azrael, suma an nuna su.]]</div>An aiwatar da [[Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyyah|Yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ƙabilar Banu Khuza'ah tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Muhammadu, yayin da abokan gaba, Banu Bakr, sun haɗa kai da Makkawa. Wani dangin Bakr sun kai hari da dare a kan Khuza'ah, inda suka kashe wasu daga cikinsu. Makkawa sun taimaka wa Banu Bakr da makamai kuma, bisa ga wasu kafofin, wasu Makkawa ma sun shiga cikin fada. Bayan wannan taron, Muhammadu ya aika da sako zuwa Makka tare da sharuɗɗa uku, yana rokon su karɓi ɗaya daga cikinsu. Wadannan sune: ko dai mutanen Makka za su biya kudi na jini ga wadanda aka kashe a cikin kabilar Khuza'ah, sun musanta kansu daga Banu Bakr, ko kuma ya kamata su ayyana yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah ba ta da amfani. Makkawa sun amsa cewa sun yarda da yanayin karshe. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fahimci kuskuren su kuma suka aika [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] don sabunta yarjejeniyar Hudaybiyyah, buƙatar da Muhammadu ya ƙi. == Kyauta == Bayan bin shaidar hadin kan Allah, imani da annabcin Muhammadu shine babban bangare na bangaskiyar Islama. Kowane Musulmi ya yi shelar a cikin {{Transl|ar|[[Shahada]]}}: "Na ba da shaida cewa babu wani allah sai Allah, kuma na ba da shaida ga cewa Muhammadu Manzo ne na Allah". {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine ka'idar asali ko ka'idar Islama. Imani na Islama shine cewa {{Transl|ar|Shahada}} shine kalmomin farko da jariri zai ji; ana koya wa yara nan da nan kuma za a karanta shi bayan mutuwa. Musulmai suna maimaita shahadah a cikin kiran addu'a ({{Transl|ar|[[adhan]]}}) da addu'a kanta. Ana buƙatar waɗanda ba Musulmai ba da son tuba zuwa Islama su karanta ka'idar. [[Fayil:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg|thumb|Fassarar calligraphic na "zai iya Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya", wanda aka kara da shi bayan sunan Muhammadu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin ligature a Unicode code point U + U+FDFA <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2009 |title=Arabic Presentation Forms-A |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-3.1/U31-FB50.pdf |access-date=9 May 2010 |website=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 |publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref> [S. ]] A cikin imanin Islama, an dauki Muhammadu a matsayin annabi na karshe da Allah ya aiko.[336] Rubuce-rubuce irin su [[Hadisi|hadith]] da {{Transl|ar|[[Prophetic biography|sira]]}} sun danganta mu'ujizai da yawa ko abubuwan da suka faru na allahntaka ga Muhammadu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine rabuwa da Wata, wanda bisa ga tarin {{Transl|ar|[[tafsir]]}} na farko da ke akwai shine rabuwa ta zahiri na Wata.{{Sfn|Brockopp|2010}} [[sunnah]] tana wakiltar ayyukan da maganganun Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) da aka adana a cikin hadisi kuma tana rufe ayyuka da imani da yawa daga al'adun addini, tsabtace mutum, da binne matattu zuwa tambayoyin asiri da suka shafi soyayya tsakanin mutane da Allah. Sunnah ana daukar ta a matsayin misali na kwaikwayon ga Musulmai masu ibada kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Musulmi. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai game da manyan bukukuwan Islama kamar addu'o'i na yau da kullun, azumi da aikin hajji na shekara-shekara ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sunnah ba Alkur'ani ba. [[Fayil:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|thumb|{{Transl|ar|[[Shahadah]]}} da aka kwatanta a Fadar Topkapı, [[Istanbul]], Turkiyya.]] Musulmai sun nuna ƙauna da girmamawa ga Muhammadu. Labaran rayuwar Muhammadu, roƙonsa da mu'ujizansa sun shiga cikin tunanin Musulmi da shayari ({{Transl|ar|[[naʽat]]}}). Daga cikin odes na Larabci ga Muhammadu, {{Transl|ar|[[Qasidat al-Burda]]}} ("Poem of the Mantle") na [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] [[Al Busiri|al-Busiri]] na Masar (1211-1294) sananne ne sosai, kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai don samun warkarwa, ikon ruhaniya. Alkur'ani yana nufin Muhammadu a matsayin "ra'ayi ({{Transl|ar|rahmat}}) ga duniyoyi". {{Sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}} Haɗin ruwan sama da jinƙai a ƙasashen Gabas ya haifar da tunanin Muhammadu a matsayin girgije mai ruwan sama wanda ke ba da albarka da shimfiɗa a kan ƙasashe, yana rayar da zukatan matattu, kamar yadda ruwan sama ke rayar da duniya mai kama da matattu. Ana yin bikin [[Maulidi|Ranar haihuwar Muhammadu]] a matsayin babban biki a duk faɗin [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]], ban da Saudi Arabia mai rinjaye [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]] inda aka hana waɗannan bukukuwan jama'a.{{Efn|See, for example, the Sindhi poem of Shah ʿAbd al-Latif}} Lokacin da Musulmai suka ce ko suka rubuta sunan Muhammadu, yawanci suna bin sa da kalmar Larabci {{Transl|ar|ṣallā llahu ʿalayhi wa-sallam}} (Bari ''Allah ya girmama shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya'') ko kuma kalmar Turanci ''[[Peace be upon him|zaman lafiya ya kasance a kansa]]''. A rubuce-rubuce na yau da kullun, ana amfani da raguwa SAW (don kalmar Larabci) ko PBUH (don kalmar Ingilishi) wani lokaci; a cikin abin da aka buga, ana amfani dashi da karamin fassarar calligraphic (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Manzon Allah ya kasance yana son wannan alummar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> j35ptbr32tpad7p1tyxmkbtw3qpcvhm 0 8843 888990 710640 2026-07-29T13:39:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sikh man, Agra 10.jpg|thumb|namiji mai saje]] [[File:Man biking on Recife city.jpg|thumb|namiji na tuƙa keke]] '''''Duk da cewa yaren''''' [[Amurka]] ne na Turanci don mutum, galibi namiji.<ref name="webster">{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dude|title=''Dude'', Def. 2 – The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|access-date=8 May 2007|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> Daga shekarar ta alif 1870 zuwa shekara ta alif 1960, duk da farko ana nufin mutumin da ya yi ado irin na zamani (dandy ) ko kuma wani fitaccen mutum da ya ziyarci ƙauye, "mai birge gari ". A cikin shekara ta 1960, "dude" ta samo asali zuwa ma’anar kowane namiji, ma’anar da ta shigo cikin yaren Amurkawa a cikin shekara alif 1970s. Kalaman yanzu suna riƙe da aƙalla amfani da dukkan waɗannan ma'anoni guda uku.<ref name="unisex1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/slang.htm|title=Slang|author1=Winona Bullard|author2=Shirley Johnson|author3=Jerkeshea Morris|author4=Kelly Fox|author5=Cassie Howell|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204062100/http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/slang.htm|archive-date=February 4, 2013|df=mdy}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[File:Berry-wall-king-dudes.jpg|right|thumb| Evander Berry Wall, wani ɗan kishin zamantakewar New York, an yi masa laƙabi da "Sarkin Dudes". An ɗauke shi hoto (1888) a cikin ''jaridar New York ta Amurka'' a lokacin "yaƙin Dude"..<ref name="Bryk">{{cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/king-of-the-dudes/15834/|title=King of the Dudes|last=Bryk|first=William|date=June 22, 2005|work=[[The New York Sun]]|access-date=2008-11-11}}</ref><ref>Jeffers, Harry Paul (2005). ''Diamond Jim Brady: Prince of the Gilded Age'', p.45. John Wiley and Sons. {{ISBN|0-471-39102-6}}</ref> ]] Kalmar "dude" wataƙila ma ya samo asali ne daga kalmar ƙarni na 18 "doodle", kamar yadda yake a "Yankee Doodle Dandy".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/lexicon_valley/2013/11/05/dude_etymology_of_the_word_is_traced_to_doodle_as_in_yankee_doodle_dandy.html|title=Mystery Solved: The Etymology of Dude|last=Okrent|first=Arika|date=2013-11-05|work=Slate|access-date=2017-10-24|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> A cikin sanannun latsawa na 1880s da 1890s, "dude" sabuwar kalma ce ta " dandy " - wani "maɗaukakiyar sutturar namiji", mutum ne wanda ya ba da mahimmanci ga yadda ya bayyana. Theungiyar cafe da Abubuwan Youngaramar Matasa na ƙarshen 1800s da farkon 1900s an mamaye su tare da lalata. Samari na lokacin hutu don nuna kayan tufafin su. Mafi shaharar wannan nau'in shine watakila Evander Berry Wall, wanda aka yiwa laƙabi da "Sarki na Dude" a cikin 1880s New York kuma ya ci gaba da zama sanannen mai [[wiktionary:sartorial|martaba a]] duk rayuwarsa. Wannan sigar kalmar har yanzu ana amfani da ita a wasu lokutan a cikin yaren Amurka, kamar a cikin kalmar "duk an lalata" don sanya tufafi masu kyau.<ref>{{citation|contribution=duded up|title=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs|year=2002|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|url=http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/duded+up|access-date=10 October 2012}}</ref> [[File:1883_-_origin_of_dude_-_Chicago_Tribune_-_25_Feb_1883.jpg|left|thumb| Daga cikin kwatancen farko da aka buga masu ma'anar "mutum"; ''Chicago Tribune'', 25 Fabrairu 1883]] An yi amfani da kalmar don yin nuni ga mutanen Gabas  kuma an ambaci wani mutum da "tufafin da aka sayi kantin sayar da". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xah2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT103|title=Eagle County Characters: Historic Tales of a Colorado Mountain Valley|first=Kathy|last=Heicher|date=June 4, 2013|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|via=Google Books}}</ref> Maza da mata sun yi amfani da kalmar don amfani da ita don ma'anar mazauna birni.<ref>{{cite web|title=h2g2 - The Word 'Dude' - Edited Entry|url=http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A193853|website=h2g2.com|access-date=2015-07-26|first=Not Panicking|last=Ltd}}</ref> [[File:Old man, Bihar, India, 04-2012.jpg|thumb|Tsohon namiji kenan]] Bambancin wannan shine "mutumin da ke sanye da suttura wanda bai san rayuwa a wajen babban birni ba". A cikin ''The Home da Farm Manual'' (1883), marubucin Jonathan Periam ya yi amfani da kalmar "dude" sau da yawa don nuna rashin ɗabi'a da jahilci, amma mai son birni, mutumin birni.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2015}} Ma'anar mutumin da bai san bukatun rayuwa ba a wajen biranen birni ya haifar da ma'anar dude a matsayin "mai birge birni ", ko kuma "ɗan Gabas a Yammacin [Amurka]". Don haka "dude" aka yi amfani da shi don bayyana mawadata na faɗaɗa Amurka a cikin ƙarni na 19 ta hanyar baƙi-da-gida-gida-gida na Westasar Amurka ta Yamma . Ana amfani da wannan amfani a cikin ''randa'', gidan baƙunci wanda ke ba da abinci ga mazauna birane don neman ƙwarewar ƙauyuka. Dude ranches sun fara bayyana a Yammacin Amurka a farkon ƙarni na 20, don wadatattun Easternan Gabas waɗanda suka zo don fuskantar " rayuwar kaboyi ". Bambancin bayyananne yana tare da waɗancan mutanen da suka saba da iyakar da aka ba su, aikin gona, hakar ma'adanai, ko wasu wuraren karkara. Wannan amfani da "dude" har yanzu ana amfani dashi a cikin shekarun 1950 a Amurka, a matsayin kalma ga masu yawon buɗe ido-na kowane jinsi-waɗanda ke ƙoƙari su sanya tufafi irin na al'ada amma suka kasa.<ref name="oldunisex">{{cite journal|jstor=453362|title=The meanings and etymologies of dude|journal=American Speech|author=Robert Knoll|year=1952|volume=27|issue=1|pages=20–22|doi=10.2307/453362}}</ref> Sabanin waɗannan amfani da "dude" zai zama kalmar " redneck ," haɗin kai na Amurka wanda yake magana akan manoma matalauta da marasa ilimi, wanda shi kansa ya zama mai farin jini, kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi. <ref>Harold Wentworth, and Stuart Berg Flexner, ''Dictionary of American Slang'' (1975) p. 424.</ref> <ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/redneck "Redneck"]. ''Dictionary.com''.</ref> <ref>Barbara Ann Kipfer and Robert L. Chapman, ''American Slang'' (2008), p. 404.</ref> Yayin da kalmar ta sami karbuwa har ta kai ga gabar Amurka kuma tayi tafiya tsakanin kan iyaka, sai bambancin ''lafazin ya fara fitowa'' kamar na mace na dudette da ''dudines'' ; duk da haka, sun daɗe da rayuwa saboda dude kuma suna samun mahimmancin ma'anar jinsi kuma wasu masana ilimin harshe suna ganin sigogin mata sun fi ƙanƙantar da hankali. Slaarfafawa a ƙarshe ya ragu da amfani har zuwa farkon zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20 lokacin da wasu ƙananan al'adun Amurka suka fara amfani da shi akai-akai yayin da suke sake samu daga nau'in suturar kuma daga karshe ta yi amfani da shi azaman mai bayyanawa ga maza na gama gari kuma wani lokacin mata mata. Daga karshe, daganan makarantu masu haɗuwa da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi sun ba da izinin yada kalmar zuwa kusan dukkanin al'adu kuma daga ƙarshe ya hau kan tsani ya zama ya zama ruwan dare a Amurka Daga ƙarshen 20 zuwa farkon karni na 21, dude ya sami ikon amfani dashi ta hanyar magana, ko hakan ya kasance abin cizon yatsa, farin ciki, ko soyayya kuma hakan ya faɗaɗa don iya komawa zuwa kowane mutum na gaba ba tare da jinsi, jinsi, ko [[Al'ada|al'ada ba]] .<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hill|first=Richard A.|date=1994|title=You've Come a Long Way, Dude: A History|jstor=455525|journal=American Speech|volume=69|issue=3|pages=321–327|doi=10.2307/455525}}</ref> Hakanan an yi amfani da kalmar azaman "bayanin aiki", kamar "bush hook dude" a matsayin matsayi a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa a cikin 1880s. Misali, duba Ramin Stampede .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2015}} A farkon 1960s, dude ya zama sananne a cikin al'adun surfer a matsayin ma'anar ''mutum'' ko ''fella'' . Mace daidai take "dudette" ko "dudess". amma waɗannan duka sun faɗo cikin rashin amfani kuma "dude" yanzu ana amfani dashi azaman kalmar unisex. Wannan mahimmancin ma'anar "dude" ya fara rarrafe zuwa cikin al'ada a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s. "Dude", musamman a cikin surfer da al'adun "bro ",{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2015}} is{{When|date=December 2015}} gabaɗaya an yi amfani da shi ba da izini ba don magance wani ("Dude, Na yi farin ciki da a ƙarshe kuka kira") ko koma zuwa ga wani mutum ("Na taɓa ganin irin wannan mutumin a nan").<ref>{{cite web|title=Examples of Slang|first=Cassie|last=Howell|url=http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/slang.htm|access-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204062100/http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/1914-/language/slang.htm|archive-date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> Daya daga cikin farkon ambaton kalmar a fim din Amurka shine a cikin fim din 1969 mai suna ''Easy Rider'' inda Wyatt (wanda Peter Fonda ya zana) ya bayyana wa lauyan da ke tare da shi (wanda Jack Nicholson ya nuna ) ma'anar "dude": "Dude na nufin mutumin kirki ; Dude na nufin mutum na yau da kullun. " Amfani da kalmar da ma'anar " mutum mai sanyi " ya kara yaduwa a cikin fina-finan Amurka na shekarun 1980 da 1990 kamar ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'', ''Fast Times a Ridgemont High'', ''Bill da Ted's Excellent Adventure'', ''Wayne's World'', and ''Clerks'' .<ref name="good">{{cite news|last1=Peters|first1=Mark|title=The History of the "Dude"|url=https://www.good.is/articles/the-history-of-the-dude|access-date=27 January 2017|publisher=GOOD Worldwide, Inc.|date=25 April 2010}}</ref> Fim din ''The Big Lebowski na'' 1998 ya fito da Jeff Bridges a matsayin "The Dude", wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "malalacin mutuwa". Yanayin ya sami karbuwa sosai daga mai fafutuka da furodusa Jeff Dowd wanda ake kira "Dude" tun suna yara.<ref name="npr">{{cite news|last1=Raz|first1=Guy|title=The Dude: A Little Lebowski, Alive in All of Us|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90725993|access-date=27 January 2017|work=All Things Considered|publisher=National Public Radio|date=25 May 2008}}</ref> Matsayi na tsakiya na fim ɗin ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Dudeism, sabon addini .<ref name="cnn">{{cite news|last1=Ehrlich|first1=Richard|title=The man who founded a religion based on 'The Big Lebowski'|url=http://travel.cnn.com/bangkok/life/doctrine-chiang-mais-church-latter-day-dude-explained-206793/|access-date=27 January 2017|work=CNN Travel|publisher=CNN|date=20 March 2013|archive-date=24 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324030503/http://travel.cnn.com/bangkok/life/doctrine-chiang-mais-church-latter-day-dude-explained-206793/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fim na 2000 na ''Dude, Ina Mota Ta?'' yayi amfani da kalmar a taken. A cikin 2008, Bud Light ya nuna wani kamfen na talla wanda tattaunawar ta ƙunshi gaba ɗaya na maganganun "Dude!" kuma baya ambaci samfurin da suna. Bi ne ga kamfen ɗin su na kusa-kusa kuma mafi sanannun kamfen ɗin "Whassup?"<ref>{{cite web|last=Swansburg|first=John|title=Dude! How great are those new Bud Light ads?|work=Slate|date=28 January 2008|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2182846/pagenum/all/#page_start|access-date=10 March 2008}}</ref><ref name="good2">{{cite news|last1=Peters|first1=Mark|title=The History of the "Dude"|url=https://www.good.is/articles/the-history-of-the-dude|access-date=27 January 2017|publisher=GOOD Worldwide, Inc.|date=25 April 2010}}</ref> [[File:Boris Johnson MP.jpg|thumb|Boris Johnson kenan]] A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin, 2019 [[Boris Johnson|Boris Johnson ya]] yadu da kalmar "dude" azaman gajeriyar kalma ta kamfen din shugabancin jam'iyyar Conservative . A cikin jawabinsa na jagoranci ya bayyana shi kamar yadda yake magana game da Isar da Brexit - Haɗa kan ƙasar - Kayar da Jeremy Corbyn - Enarfafa ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-49084446/boris-johnson-dude-we-are-going-to-energise-the-country|title=Dude! We are going to energise the country|website=BBC News|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref> == Kara karantawa == * [http://www.pitt.edu/~kiesling/dude/dude.html Dude] – By [[:en:Scott_Kiesling|Kiesling, Scott F.]], Published in ''American Speech'', Vol. 79, No. 3, Fall 2004, pp.&nbsp;281–305 * [http://observer.com/2003/07/dude-wheres-my-dude-dudelicious-dissection-from-sontag-to-spicoli/ Dude, Where's My Dude?] – Dudelicious Dissection, From Sontag to Spicoli, ''[[:en:The_New_York_Observer|The New York Observer]]'' * [http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=20010621 Words@random:] "dude" * [http://dudespaper.com/dude-university/material-for-the-study-of-dude-part-1 Material for the Study of Dude] – The etymological origin of the word "dude" by Barry Popik, David Shulman, and Gerald Cohen. Originally published in ''Comments on Etymology'', October 1993, Vol. 23, No. 1 * {{cite journal|title=You've Come a Long Way, Dude: A History|last=Hill|first=Richard A.|journal=[[American Speech]]|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|volume=69|issue=3|date=Autumn 1994|pages=321–327|doi=10.2307/455525|jstor=455525}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/11/dude-transcends/309528/|title=A Brief History of ''Dude''|last=Gould|first=J. J.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=November 2013|access-date=May 21, 2017}} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] i05oe1ap14buvfpq1b9vuello1o1o3c 0 12006 889288 879972 2026-07-30T07:45:26Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:West Asia non political with water system.jpg|thumb|TASBIRAN Yammacin Asiya]] [[Fayil:مدارس کپری در جنوب استان کرمان و سیستان و بلوچستان - ایران - (عکاس مصطفی معراجی) 15.jpg|thumb|Yammacin Asiya]] '''Yammacin Asiya''', '''Asiya ta Yamma''','''Kudu maso Yamma da Asiya''' shine yankin yammaci na nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Ana takaitawa ace yammacin [[Asiya]], amma ana iya fadadawa wajen fadin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], anan kuma akan haɗa ne harda dukkannin yankunan ƙasar [[Misira]] da kuma yankin [[Turkiyya]] [[Turai]]. Adadin yawan mutane a yankin [[Yammacin Africa|yammacin]] [[Asiya]] an kiyasta zai kai miliyan 300 a kiyasin da akayi na shekarar 2015.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Western Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Taswiras yammacin Asiya]] A farkon karni na 19 ana amfani da Kalmar ''yammacin asiya'' ne wajen bambancewa tsakanin yanayin muhallai na nahiyar [[Asiya]] da kuma bambance tsakanin iyakoki na ƙasashen da suka shafi yankin. Amma dai dukda haka ana daukar yankin a matsayin wani bamgare na nahiyar Asiya.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref>. ==Tattalin Arziƙi== Yanayin hanyoyin samun tattalin arziƙi a [[yammacin Asiya]] ya bambanta,amma ana samun saurin habakar tattalin arziƙi kwarai a yankin.ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] ce kan gaba wajen karfin tattalin arziki a yammacin Asiya sai kasar [[Saudiyya]] ke biye da ita a matsayin ta biyu da kuma kasar [[Iran]].Man fetur shine babban tattalin arziki a yankin, India Samar da rabin man fetur da [[duniya]] me da shi yake a yankin, sannan kuma kashi 40% na iskar gas ta duniya ma na a yankin.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030691929390007X</ref>. ==Kasashen== Kasashen yammacin Asiya sune; *[[Abkhazia]] *[[Armeniya]] *[[Azerbaijan]] *[[Baharain]] *[[Cyprus]] *[[Georgia]] *[[Iraq]] *[[Iran]] *[[Isra'ila]] *[[Jordan]] *[[Kuwait]] *[[Lebanon]] *[[Oman]] *[[Falasdinu]] *[[Qatar]] *[[Saudiyya]] *[[Syria]] *[[Turkiyya]] *[[Daular Larabawa]] *[[Yemen]] Sannan kuma akan kara da [[Misira]]. == Alkaluma == [[File:Cedars in Lebanon.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Dajin Cedar a [[Lebanon]].]] [[File:West Asia Köppen Map.png|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Taswira mai nuna yanayin muhalli a yankin Yammacin Asiya]] Ƙidayar jumullar mutane a yankin yammacin Asiya ya kai miliyan 272 a 2008, akwai hasahen adadin ka iya kaiwa miliyan 370 zuwa shekarar 2030 a wani kiyasi na ''Maddison'' (kididdigar ta hada da yankin Caucus da kuma kasar [[Cyprus]]. Wannan ya kunshi karin hauhawar haihuwar mutane Akan kaso 1.4% a shekara shekara. Mutane a yammacin [[Asiya]] sunkai kaso 4% na mutanen [[Duniya]], sun fara ne daga miliyan 39 a farkon ƙarin na 20, ko a kalla kaso 2% na mutanen duniya.<ref>http://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/western-asia-population/</ref> Kasa mafi yawan jama'a a yankin yammacin Asiya itace kasar Turkiyya sai kuma Iran, wadanda dukkansu mutanen su sun kai miliyan 79, masu biye masu ta fuskar yawan jama'a kuma sune kasashen [[Saudi Arebiya]] da [[Iraƙi]] masu adadin mutane sama da miliyan 33. [[Larabawa]] dai aka fi sani a yankin yammacin Asiya, sai kuma [[Farisawa]], [[Turkawa]], sannan harsunan yankin sune [[Larabci]], [[Farisa]], [[Turkanci]], wadanda kowanne nada masu amfani da su Sama da mutane miliyan 70, akwai wasu kananan kabilu wadanda suka hada da [[Kurdawa]], Azabaijawa, [[Yahudawa]]. Sauran kabilu marasa rinjaye sun hada da Assiriyawa, Chaldiyawa, Druze, Mandawa, Maronitawa, Shabakawa, Lur da Yazidawa. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Nubian_Ibex_in_Negev.JPG|Nau'in Akuyar daga Negav da ke a yankin File:C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg|Wani yankin a yankin yammacin Asiya </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Asiya]] 8nmw77ntumim3hezr4r9lxynsulj4ek 889289 889288 2026-07-30T07:45:59Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:West Asia non political with water system.jpg|thumb|TASBIRAN Yammacin Asiya]] [[Fayil:مدارس کپری در جنوب استان کرمان و سیستان و بلوچستان - ایران - (عکاس مصطفی معراجی) 15.jpg|thumb|Yammacin Asiya]] '''Yammacin Asiya''', '''Asiya ta Yamma''','''Kudu maso Yamma da Asiya''' shi ne yankin yammaci na nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Ana takaitawa ace yammacin [[Asiya]], ammah ana iya fadadawa wajen fadin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], anan kuma akan haɗa ne harda dukkannin yankunan ƙasar [[Misira]] da kuma yankin [[Turkiyya]] [[Turai]]. Adadin yawan mutane a yankin [[Yammacin Africa|yammacin]] [[Asiya]] an kiyasta zai kai miliyan 300 a kiyasin da akayi na shekarar 2015.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Western Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Taswiras yammacin Asiya]] A farkon karni na 19 ana amfani da Kalmar ''yammacin asiya'' ne wajen bambancewa tsakanin yanayin muhallai na nahiyar [[Asiya]] da kuma bambance tsakanin iyakoki na ƙasashen da suka shafi yankin. Amma dai dukda haka ana daukar yankin a matsayin wani bamgare na nahiyar Asiya.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref>. ==Tattalin Arziƙi== Yanayin hanyoyin samun tattalin arziƙi a [[yammacin Asiya]] ya bambanta,amma ana samun saurin habakar tattalin arziƙi kwarai a yankin.ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] ce kan gaba wajen karfin tattalin arziki a yammacin Asiya sai kasar [[Saudiyya]] ke biye da ita a matsayin ta biyu da kuma kasar [[Iran]].Man fetur shine babban tattalin arziki a yankin, India Samar da rabin man fetur da [[duniya]] me da shi yake a yankin, sannan kuma kashi 40% na iskar gas ta duniya ma na a yankin.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030691929390007X</ref>. ==Kasashen== Kasashen yammacin Asiya sune; *[[Abkhazia]] *[[Armeniya]] *[[Azerbaijan]] *[[Baharain]] *[[Cyprus]] *[[Georgia]] *[[Iraq]] *[[Iran]] *[[Isra'ila]] *[[Jordan]] *[[Kuwait]] *[[Lebanon]] *[[Oman]] *[[Falasdinu]] *[[Qatar]] *[[Saudiyya]] *[[Syria]] *[[Turkiyya]] *[[Daular Larabawa]] *[[Yemen]] Sannan kuma akan kara da [[Misira]]. == Alkaluma == [[File:Cedars in Lebanon.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Dajin Cedar a [[Lebanon]].]] [[File:West Asia Köppen Map.png|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Taswira mai nuna yanayin muhalli a yankin Yammacin Asiya]] Ƙidayar jumullar mutane a yankin yammacin Asiya ya kai miliyan 272 a 2008, akwai hasahen adadin ka iya kaiwa miliyan 370 zuwa shekarar 2030 a wani kiyasi na ''Maddison'' (kididdigar ta hada da yankin Caucus da kuma kasar [[Cyprus]]. Wannan ya kunshi karin hauhawar haihuwar mutane Akan kaso 1.4% a shekara shekara. Mutane a yammacin [[Asiya]] sunkai kaso 4% na mutanen [[Duniya]], sun fara ne daga miliyan 39 a farkon ƙarin na 20, ko a kalla kaso 2% na mutanen duniya.<ref>http://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/western-asia-population/</ref> Kasa mafi yawan jama'a a yankin yammacin Asiya itace kasar Turkiyya sai kuma Iran, wadanda dukkansu mutanen su sun kai miliyan 79, masu biye masu ta fuskar yawan jama'a kuma sune kasashen [[Saudi Arebiya]] da [[Iraƙi]] masu adadin mutane sama da miliyan 33. [[Larabawa]] dai aka fi sani a yankin yammacin Asiya, sai kuma [[Farisawa]], [[Turkawa]], sannan harsunan yankin sune [[Larabci]], [[Farisa]], [[Turkanci]], wadanda kowanne nada masu amfani da su Sama da mutane miliyan 70, akwai wasu kananan kabilu wadanda suka hada da [[Kurdawa]], Azabaijawa, [[Yahudawa]]. Sauran kabilu marasa rinjaye sun hada da Assiriyawa, Chaldiyawa, Druze, Mandawa, Maronitawa, Shabakawa, Lur da Yazidawa. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Nubian_Ibex_in_Negev.JPG|Nau'in Akuyar daga Negav da ke a yankin File:C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg|Wani yankin a yankin yammacin Asiya </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Asiya]] 4mc6gf1phc1itbddg89vxnygrjl54dv 889290 889289 2026-07-30T07:47:10Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:West Asia non political with water system.jpg|thumb|TASBIRAN Yammacin Asiya]] [[Fayil:مدارس کپری در جنوب استان کرمان و سیستان و بلوچستان - ایران - (عکاس مصطفی معراجی) 15.jpg|thumb|Yammacin Asiya]] '''Yammacin Asiya''', '''Asiya ta Yamma''','''Kudu maso Yamma da Asiya''' shi ne yankin yammaci na nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Ana takaitawa ace yammacin [[Asiya]], ammah ana iya fadadawa wajen fadin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], anan kuma akan haɗa ne harda dukkannin yankunan ƙasar [[Misira]] da kuma yankin [[Turkiyya]] [[Turai]]. Adadin yawan mutane a yankin [[Yammacin Africa|yammacin]] [[Asiya]] an kiyasta zai kai miliyan 300 a kiyasin da akayi na shekarar 2015.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Western Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Taswiras yammacin Asiya]] A farkon ƙarni na 19 ana amfani da Kalmar ''yammacin asiya'' ne wajen bambancewa tsakanin yanayin muhallai na nahiyar [[Asiya]] da kuma bambance tsakanin iyakoki na ƙasashen da suka shafi yankin. Ammah dai dukda haka ana daukar yankin a matsayin wani bamgare na nahiyar Asiya.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref>. ==Tattalin Arziƙi== Yanayin hanyoyin samun tattalin arziƙi a [[yammacin Asiya]] ya bambanta,amma ana samun saurin habakar tattalin arziƙi kwarai a yankin.ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] ce kan gaba wajen karfin tattalin arziki a yammacin Asiya sai kasar [[Saudiyya]] ke biye da ita a matsayin ta biyu da kuma kasar [[Iran]].Man fetur shine babban tattalin arziki a yankin, India Samar da rabin man fetur da [[duniya]] me da shi yake a yankin, sannan kuma kashi 40% na iskar gas ta duniya ma na a yankin.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030691929390007X</ref>. ==Kasashen== Kasashen yammacin Asiya sune; *[[Abkhazia]] *[[Armeniya]] *[[Azerbaijan]] *[[Baharain]] *[[Cyprus]] *[[Georgia]] *[[Iraq]] *[[Iran]] *[[Isra'ila]] *[[Jordan]] *[[Kuwait]] *[[Lebanon]] *[[Oman]] *[[Falasdinu]] *[[Qatar]] *[[Saudiyya]] *[[Syria]] *[[Turkiyya]] *[[Daular Larabawa]] *[[Yemen]] Sannan kuma akan kara da [[Misira]]. == Alkaluma == [[File:Cedars in Lebanon.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Dajin Cedar a [[Lebanon]].]] [[File:West Asia Köppen Map.png|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Taswira mai nuna yanayin muhalli a yankin Yammacin Asiya]] Ƙidayar jumullar mutane a yankin yammacin Asiya ya kai miliyan 272 a 2008, akwai hasahen adadin ka iya kaiwa miliyan 370 zuwa shekarar 2030 a wani kiyasi na ''Maddison'' (kididdigar ta hada da yankin Caucus da kuma kasar [[Cyprus]]. Wannan ya kunshi karin hauhawar haihuwar mutane Akan kaso 1.4% a shekara shekara. Mutane a yammacin [[Asiya]] sunkai kaso 4% na mutanen [[Duniya]], sun fara ne daga miliyan 39 a farkon ƙarin na 20, ko a kalla kaso 2% na mutanen duniya.<ref>http://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/western-asia-population/</ref> Kasa mafi yawan jama'a a yankin yammacin Asiya itace kasar Turkiyya sai kuma Iran, wadanda dukkansu mutanen su sun kai miliyan 79, masu biye masu ta fuskar yawan jama'a kuma sune kasashen [[Saudi Arebiya]] da [[Iraƙi]] masu adadin mutane sama da miliyan 33. [[Larabawa]] dai aka fi sani a yankin yammacin Asiya, sai kuma [[Farisawa]], [[Turkawa]], sannan harsunan yankin sune [[Larabci]], [[Farisa]], [[Turkanci]], wadanda kowanne nada masu amfani da su Sama da mutane miliyan 70, akwai wasu kananan kabilu wadanda suka hada da [[Kurdawa]], Azabaijawa, [[Yahudawa]]. Sauran kabilu marasa rinjaye sun hada da Assiriyawa, Chaldiyawa, Druze, Mandawa, Maronitawa, Shabakawa, Lur da Yazidawa. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Nubian_Ibex_in_Negev.JPG|Nau'in Akuyar daga Negav da ke a yankin File:C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg|Wani yankin a yankin yammacin Asiya </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Asiya]] 0hfkmu90r11r2yw3h0ypj8zwxge7f6f 889293 889290 2026-07-30T07:49:16Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:West Asia non political with water system.jpg|thumb|TASBIRAN Yammacin Asiya]] [[Fayil:مدارس کپری در جنوب استان کرمان و سیستان و بلوچستان - ایران - (عکاس مصطفی معراجی) 15.jpg|thumb|Yammacin Asiya]] '''Yammacin Asiya''', '''Asiya ta Yamma''','''Kudu maso Yamma da Asiya''' shi ne yankin yammaci na nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Ana takaitawa ace yammacin [[Asiya]], ammah ana iya fadadawa wajen fadin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], anan kuma akan haɗa ne harda dukkannin yankunan ƙasar [[Misira]] da kuma yankin [[Turkiyya]] [[Turai]]. Adadin yawan mutane a yankin [[Yammacin Africa|yammacin]] [[Asiya]] an kiyasta zai kai miliyan 300 a ƙiyasin da akayi na shekarar 2015.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Western Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Taswiras yammacin Asiya]] A farkon ƙarni na 19 ana amfani da Kalmar ''yammacin asiya'' ne wajen bambancewa tsakanin yanayin muhallai na nahiyar [[Asiya]] da kuma bambance tsakanin iyakoki na ƙasashen da suka shafi yankin. Ammah dai dukda haka ana daukar yankin a matsayin wani bamgare na nahiyar Asiya.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref>. ==Tattalin Arziƙi== Yanayin hanyoyin samun tattalin arziƙi a [[yammacin Asiya]] ya bambanta,amma ana samun saurin habakar tattalin arziƙi kwarai a yankin.ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] ce kan gaba wajen ƙarfin tattalin arziki a yammacin Asiya sai kasar [[Saudiyya]] ke biye da ita a matsayin ta biyu da kuma kasar [[Iran]].Man fetur shine babban tattalin arziki a yankin, India Samar da rabin man fetur da [[duniya]] me da shi yake a yankin, sannan kuma kashi 40% na iskar gas ta duniya ma na a yankin.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030691929390007X</ref>. ==Kasashen== Kasashen yammacin Asiya sune; *[[Abkhazia]] *[[Armeniya]] *[[Azerbaijan]] *[[Baharain]] *[[Cyprus]] *[[Georgia]] *[[Iraq]] *[[Iran]] *[[Isra'ila]] *[[Jordan]] *[[Kuwait]] *[[Lebanon]] *[[Oman]] *[[Falasdinu]] *[[Qatar]] *[[Saudiyya]] *[[Syria]] *[[Turkiyya]] *[[Daular Larabawa]] *[[Yemen]] Sannan kuma akan kara da [[Misira]]. == Alkaluma == [[File:Cedars in Lebanon.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Dajin Cedar a [[Lebanon]].]] [[File:West Asia Köppen Map.png|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Taswira mai nuna yanayin muhalli a yankin Yammacin Asiya]] Ƙidayar jumullar mutane a yankin yammacin Asiya ya kai miliyan 272 a shekarar 2008, akwai hasahen adadin ka iya kaiwa miliyan 370 zuwa shekarar 2030 a wani kiyasi na ''Maddison'' (kididdigar ta hada da yankin Caucus da kuma kasar [[Cyprus]]. Wannan ya kunshi karin hauhawar haihuwar mutane Akan kaso 1.4% a shekara shekara. Mutane a yammacin [[Asiya]] sunkai kaso 4% na mutanen [[Duniya]], sun fara ne daga miliyan 39 a farkon ƙarin na 20, ko a kalla kaso 2% na mutanen duniya.<ref>http://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/western-asia-population/</ref> Kasa mafi yawan jama'a a yankin yammacin Asiya itace kasar Turkiyya sai kuma Iran, wadanda dukkansu mutanen su sun kai miliyan 79, masu biye masu ta fuskar yawan jama'a kuma sune kasashen [[Saudi Arebiya]] da [[Iraƙi]] masu adadin mutane sama da miliyan 33. [[Larabawa]] dai aka fi sani a yankin yammacin Asiya, sai kuma [[Farisawa]], [[Turkawa]], sannan harsunan yankin sune [[Larabci]], [[Farisa]], [[Turkanci]], wadanda kowanne nada masu amfani da su Sama da mutane miliyan 70, akwai wasu kananan kabilu wadanda suka hada da [[Kurdawa]], Azabaijawa, [[Yahudawa]]. Sauran kabilu marasa rinjaye sun hada da Assiriyawa, Chaldiyawa, Druze, Mandawa, Maronitawa, Shabakawa, Lur da Yazidawa. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Nubian_Ibex_in_Negev.JPG|Nau'in Akuyar daga Negav da ke a yankin File:C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg|Wani yankin a yankin yammacin Asiya </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Asiya]] 8di9pt6ej98gsho7cpciskqe473t5hg 889295 889293 2026-07-30T07:50:23Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:West Asia non political with water system.jpg|thumb|TASBIRAN Yammacin Asiya]] [[Fayil:مدارس کپری در جنوب استان کرمان و سیستان و بلوچستان - ایران - (عکاس مصطفی معراجی) 15.jpg|thumb|Yammacin Asiya]] '''Yammacin Asiya''', '''Asiya ta Yamma''','''Kudu maso Yamma da Asiya''' shi ne yankin yammaci na nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Ana takaitawa ace yammacin [[Asiya]], ammah ana iya fadadawa wajen fadin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], anan kuma akan haɗa ne harda dukkannin yankunan ƙasar [[Misira]] da kuma yankin [[Turkiyya]] [[Turai]]. Adadin yawan mutane a yankin [[Yammacin Africa|yammacin]] [[Asiya]] an kiyasta zai kai miliyan 300 a ƙiyasin da akayi na shekarar 2015.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Western Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Taswiras yammacin Asiya]] A farkon ƙarni na 19 ana amfani da Kalmar ''yammacin asiya'' ne wajen bambancewa tsakanin yanayin muhallai na nahiyar [[Asiya]] da kuma bambance tsakanin iyakoki na ƙasashen da suka shafi yankin. Ammah dai dukda haka ana daukar yankin a matsayin wani bamgare na nahiyar Asiya.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref>. ==Tattalin Arziƙi== Yanayin hanyoyin samun tattalin arziƙi a [[yammacin Asiya]] ya bambanta,ammah ana samun saurin habakar tattalin arziƙi kwarai a yankin.ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] ce kan gaba wajen ƙarfin tattalin arziki a yammacin Asiya sai kasar [[Saudiyya]] ke biye da ita a matsayin ta biyu da kuma kasar [[Iran]].Man fetur shine babban tattalin arziki a yankin, India Samar da rabin man fetur da [[duniya]] me da shi yake a yankin, sannan kuma kashi 40% na iskar gas ta duniya ma na a yankin.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030691929390007X</ref>. ==Kasashen== Kasashen yammacin Asiya sune; *[[Abkhazia]] *[[Armeniya]] *[[Azerbaijan]] *[[Baharain]] *[[Cyprus]] *[[Georgia]] *[[Iraq]] *[[Iran]] *[[Isra'ila]] *[[Jordan]] *[[Kuwait]] *[[Lebanon]] *[[Oman]] *[[Falasdinu]] *[[Qatar]] *[[Saudiyya]] *[[Syria]] *[[Turkiyya]] *[[Daular Larabawa]] *[[Yemen]] Sannan kuma akan kara da [[Misira]]. == Alkaluma == [[File:Cedars in Lebanon.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Dajin Cedar a [[Lebanon]].]] [[File:West Asia Köppen Map.png|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Taswira mai nuna yanayin muhalli a yankin Yammacin Asiya]] Ƙidayar jumullar mutane a yankin yammacin Asiya ya kai miliyan 272 a shekarar 2008, akwai hasahen adadin ka iya kaiwa miliyan 370 zuwa shekarar 2030 a wani kiyasi na ''Maddison'' (kididdigar ta hada da yankin Caucus da kuma kasar [[Cyprus]]. Wannan ya ƙunshi karin hauhawar haihuwar mutane Akan kaso 1.4% a shekara shekara. Mutane a yammacin [[Asiya]] sunkai kaso 4% na mutanen [[Duniya]], sun fara ne daga miliyan 39 a farkon ƙarin na 20, ko a kalla kaso 2% na mutanen duniya.<ref>http://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/western-asia-population/</ref> Kasa mafi yawan jama'a a yankin yammacin Asiya itace kasar Turkiyya sai kuma Iran, wadanda dukkansu mutanen su sun kai miliyan 79, masu biye masu ta fuskar yawan jama'a kuma sune kasashen [[Saudi Arebiya]] da [[Iraƙi]] masu adadin mutane sama da miliyan 33. [[Larabawa]] dai aka fi sani a yankin yammacin Asiya, sai kuma [[Farisawa]], [[Turkawa]], sannan harsunan yankin sune [[Larabci]], [[Farisa]], [[Turkanci]], wadanda kowanne nada masu amfani da su Sama da mutane miliyan 70, akwai wasu kananan kabilu wadanda suka hada da [[Kurdawa]], Azabaijawa, [[Yahudawa]]. Sauran kabilu marasa rinjaye sun hada da Assiriyawa, Chaldiyawa, Druze, Mandawa, Maronitawa, Shabakawa, Lur da Yazidawa. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Nubian_Ibex_in_Negev.JPG|Nau'in Akuyar daga Negav da ke a yankin File:C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg|Wani yankin a yankin yammacin Asiya </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Asiya]] gclvozvj163lisk91x4f5nmaj8zhlz0 889309 889295 2026-07-30T08:45:34Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:West Asia non political with water system.jpg|thumb|TASBIRAN Yammacin Asiya]] [[Fayil:مدارس کپری در جنوب استان کرمان و سیستان و بلوچستان - ایران - (عکاس مصطفی معراجی) 15.jpg|thumb|Yammacin Asiya]] '''Yammacin Asiya''', '''Asiya ta Yamma''','''Kudu maso Yamma da Asiya''' shi ne yankin yammaci na nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Ana takaitawa ace yammacin [[Asiya]], ammah ana iya fadadawa wajen fadin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], anan kuma akan haɗa ne harda dukkannin yankunan ƙasar [[Misira]] da kuma yankin [[Turkiyya]] [[Turai]]. Adadin yawan mutane a yankin [[Yammacin Africa|yammacin]] [[Asiya]] an kiyasta zai kai miliyan 300 a ƙiyasin da akayi na shekarar 2015.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref> ==Tarihi== [[File:Western Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Taswiras yammacin Asiya]] A farkon ƙarni na 19 ana amfani da Kalmar ''yammacin asiya'' ne wajen bambancewa tsakanin yanayin muhallai na nahiyar [[Asiya]] da kuma bambance tsakanin iyakoki na ƙasashen da suka shafi yankin. Ammah dai dukda haka ana daukar yankin a matsayin wani bamgare na nahiyar Asiya.<ref>https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/small_middle_east_map.htm</ref>. ==Tattalin Arziƙi== Yanayin hanyoyin samun tattalin arziƙi a [[yammacin Asiya]] ya bambanta,ammah ana samun saurin habakar tattalin arziƙi kwarai a yankin.ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] ce kan gaba wajen ƙarfin tattalin arziki a yammacin Asiya sai kasar [[Saudiyya]] ke biye da ita a matsayin ta biyu da kuma kasar [[Iran]].Man fetur shine babban tattalin arziki a yankin, India Samar da rabin man fetur da [[duniya]] me da shi yake a yankin, sannan kuma kashi 40% na iskar gas ta duniya ma na a yankin.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030691929390007X</ref>. ==Kasashen== Kasashen yammacin Asiya sune; *[[Abkhazia]] *[[Armeniya]] *[[Azerbaijan]] *[[Baharain]] *[[Cyprus]] *[[Georgia]] *[[Iraq]] *[[Iran]] *[[Isra'ila]] *[[Jordan]] *[[Kuwait]] *[[Lebanon]] *[[Oman]] *[[Falasdinu]] *[[Qatar]] *[[Saudiyya]] *[[Syria]] *[[Turkiyya]] *[[Daular Larabawa]] *[[Yemen]] Sannan kuma akan kara da [[Misira]]. == Alkaluma == [[File:Cedars in Lebanon.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Dajin Cedar a [[Lebanon]].]] [[File:West Asia Köppen Map.png|right|thumb|upright=1.1|Taswira mai nuna yanayin muhalli a yankin Yammacin Asiya]] Ƙidayar jumullar mutane a yankin yammacin Asiya ya kai miliyan 272 a shekarar 2008, akwai hasahen adadin ka iya kaiwa miliyan 370 zuwa shekarar 2030 a wani kiyasi na ''Maddison'' (kididdigar ta hada da yankin Caucus da kuma kasar [[Cyprus]]. Wannan ya ƙunshi karin hauhawar haihuwar mutane Akan kaso 1.4% a shekara shekara. Mutane a yammacin [[Asiya]] sunkai kaso 4% na mutanen [[Duniya]], sun fara ne daga miliyan 39 a farkon ƙarin na 20, ko a kalla kaso 2% na mutanen duniya.<ref>http://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/western-asia-population/</ref> Kasa mafi yawan jama'a a yankin yammacin Asiya itace kasar Turkiyya sai kuma Iran, wadanda dukkansu mutanen su sun kai miliyan 79, masu biye masu ta fuskar yawan jama'a kuma sune kasashen [[Saudi Arebiya]] da [[Iraƙi]] masu adadin mutane sama da miliyan 33. [[Larabawa]] dai aka fi sani a yankin yammacin Asiya, sai kuma [[Farisawa]], [[Turkawa]], sannan harsunan yankin sune [[Larabci]], [[Farisa]], [[Turkanci]], wadanda kowanne nada masu amfani da su Sama da mutane miliyan 70, akwai wasu kananan ƙabilu wadanda suka hada da [[Kurdawa]], Azabaijawa, [[Yahudawa]]. Sauran kabilu marasa rinjaye sun hada da Assiriyawa, Chaldiyawa, Druze, Mandawa, Maronitawa, Shabakawa, Lur da Yazidawa. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Nubian_Ibex_in_Negev.JPG|Nau'in Akuyar daga Negav da ke a yankin File:C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg|Wani yankin a yankin yammacin Asiya </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Asiya]] c4e5mo0958hdadjjszvnj6c0uhzyuwm 0 13439 888978 818770 2026-07-29T13:31:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 888978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar Ali ibn Abi Talib. 'yar [[kabilar Banu Kilab]]<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri [[Ali]] bin Abi Talib bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad|Muhammad (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi]] . <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne [[Abbas bn Ali|Abbas bn Ali,]] kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> . Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]] . <ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> ouexu5chvj2nd6mok913x3geibkeldp 888980 888978 2026-07-29T13:32:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 888980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. 'yar [[kabilar Banu Kilab]]<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri [[Ali]] bin Abi Talib bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad|Muhammad (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi]] . <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne [[Abbas bn Ali|Abbas bn Ali,]] kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> . Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]] . <ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> h07wddb75allm3wf4h4ezoul4x8zsup 888981 888980 2026-07-29T13:32:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 888981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. 'yar [[kabilar Banu Kilab]]<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri Ali bin Abi Talib bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad|Muhammad (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi]] . <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne [[Abbas bn Ali|Abbas bn Ali,]] kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> . Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]] . <ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> 5pdmrn3jq5h86pq0bu6ukv33pb097ss 888982 888981 2026-07-29T13:33:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 888982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. 'yar [[kabilar Banu Kilab]]<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Aliyu bin Abi Talib]] bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad|Muhammad (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi]] . <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne [[Abbas bn Ali|Abbas bn Ali,]] kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> . Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]] . <ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> ewbk92yvr0l3wjqo4m2m9vqoikmggni 888983 888982 2026-07-29T13:33:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 888983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. 'yar [[kabilar Banu Kilab]]<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Aliyu bin Abi Talib]] bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad|Muhammad (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi]] . <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne Abbas bn Ali, kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> . Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]] . <ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> n6ky3rk6ycalwo8r364gft4it13nq0r 888984 888983 2026-07-29T13:34:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 888984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. 'yar [[kabilar Banu Kilab]]<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Aliyu bin Abi Talib]] bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad|Muhammad (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi]] . <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne [[Abbas ɗan Abdul-Muttalib|Abbas bn Ali]], kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> . Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]] . <ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> hc5pymqr7151g1blte76yxsau17f6gp 888985 888984 2026-07-29T13:35:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 888985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. 'yar kabilar Banu Kilab<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Aliyu bin Abi Talib]] bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad|Muhammad (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi]] . <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne [[Abbas ɗan Abdul-Muttalib|Abbas bn Ali]], kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]].<ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> snjasb8iolooylh7b9cx9adk0dqdrpw 888986 888985 2026-07-29T13:35:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 888986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. 'yar kabilar Banu Kilab<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Aliyu bin Abi Talib]] bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad|Muhammad (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi.]]<ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne [[Abbas ɗan Abdul-Muttalib|Abbas bn Ali]], kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]].<ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> 7xrd9twunzt0nj0vctbpa2bjwfydrnr 888987 888986 2026-07-29T13:36:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 888987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fāṭimah bint Ḥuzam al-Kulābīyah''' (da Larabci فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت حُزَام ٱلْكِلَابِيَّة, rasuwarta a (683/684) ko 69 A.H.<ref name=convert>[https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ Calendar Converter]</ref> or 69 A.H.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exemplary Women: Umm ul-Banin |url=http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126145658/http://www.messageofthaqalayn.com/47-Umm%20ul-Banin.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> (688/689)<ref name=convert/>) (688/689), an fi saninta da '''ʾUmm al-BanĪn''' (larabci-ar|أُمّ ٱلْبَنِين, ma'ana "Mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza"), ta kasance matar [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. 'yar kabilar Banu Kilab<ref>Al-Mozafar, Mowsua’ Batal al-A’lqami,V. 1, P. 100</ref> Kalbasi, Khasaes al-Abbasiah, (1387 S.H.) ce, P. 63 wani bangare na kabilun Qais Ailan. [[File:قبور عمات النبي ص صفية و عاتكة و جمانة و أم البنين و أسمها فاطمة بنت حزام.jpg|left|thumb|260x260px| Kabarin Umm al-Banin, a cikin [[Al-Baqi'|Jannat al-Baqi']] <ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920203001247/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B9 The grave of Umm al-Banin, in Baqi'] farsnews.ir Retrieved 24 Oct 2018</ref> ]] Umm al-Banin ta auri [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Aliyu bin Abi Talib]] bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]], 'yar [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad]] (Tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gareshi.<ref>[https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920204000394/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1%DB%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF The marriage of Umm al-Banin with Imam Ali (a.s.) far the martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah] farsnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/209637/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86 Ali's marriage to Umm al-Banin] mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 23 Oct 2018</ref> Ummu al-Banin da Ali suna da 'ya'ya maza guda hudu, waɗanda babban su shi ne [[Abbas ɗan Abdul-Muttalib|Abbas bn Ali]], kwamandan sojojin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husain bn Ali]] a yakin Karbala. Sayyida [[Ruqayya bint Ali]]<ref>[File:Name plate Zarih Sayyida Ruqayya.jpg]</ref> ita ce 'yarta. [[Shimr ibn Dhi 'l-Jawshan]], wanda daga baya ya kashe [[Husayn bin Ali]] a wajen yaƙin, ya bai wa Abbas Ibn Ali da dan'uwansa kariya tun kafin a fara wannan yaƙi, amma Abbas Ibn Ali da kisan uwansa sun ƙi shi tunda tayin bai haɗa da Imam Hussain ba Ibn Ali.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kitab Al-Irshad|author= Shaykh Al-Mufid}}</ref> Duka diyan Umm al-Banin's an kashe su ne daga baya a yakin karbala<ref>{{cite book|title=Short Biography of the Prophet & His Ten Companions|author= Al Imam Al Hafiz, Abdul Ghani Al Maqdisi|publisher=Darussalam|isbn=9960-899-12-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Rights of Women in Islam|author= Ashgar Ali Engineer|year=1992|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=1-85065-154-X}}</ref> Dukkanin ‘ya’yan Umm al-Banin an kashe su daga baya a yaƙin Karbala. An yi imanin cewa Umm al-Banin ta mutu a cikin 69 AH (688/689) ko 13 [[Jumada al-Thani]] 64 AH (6 Fabrairu 684 <ref name="convert"/> ). An binne ta a ''[[Al-Baqi'|Jannatul Baqi]]'', makabarta a [[Madinah|Madina]].<ref name="ziaraat">{{Cite web |title=Ziarat of Hazrat Ummul Baneen (Wife of Imam Ali & Mother of Hazrat Abbas) |url=http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |access-date=2020-04-03 |archive-date=2017-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528105000/http://www.ziaraat.org/madina/ummulbaneen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == 'Ya'ya == Umm ul-Banin na da 'ya'ya maza hudu: <ref>[http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 Hazrat Ummol Banin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613145116/http://www.shia-news.com/fa/news/20897 |date=2019-06-13 }} shia-news.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> 1. Abbas bn Ali Na biyu. Abbdullah bn Ali 4. Uthman ibn Ali <ref>[https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4172381/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF Imam Hussain, Ashura] yjc.ir Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> <ref>[http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ The biography of Umm-al-Banin (s.a.)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128093817/http://ummulbanin.com/web-design/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86/ |date=2018-11-28 }} ummulbanin.com Retrieved 14 Oct 2018</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Ayobami Adebayo|Fatimah]] * Bibi Pak Daman * Ranar Ashura * Ranar Tasu'a * Ziyarat Ashura * Ra'ayin Shi'a na Ali * Jawabin Ali bn Husayn a Damaskus == Manazarta == <references /> pcrjvm6zsv7gv05dsvmcse10k6y9sck 0 14528 889246 795780 2026-07-30T06:48:38Z Ziv 32466 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Osman Nuhu Sharubutu 2.jpg]] → [[File:Osman Nuhu Sharubutu, 2018.jpg]] Copyvio replacement 889246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q16089789}} [[File:Osman Nuhu Sharubutu 1.jpg|thumb|hoton usman nuhu]] [[File:Osman Nuhu Sharubutu, 2018.jpg|thumb|hoton osmanu nuhu]] '''Osmanu Nuhu Sharubutu''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne, Babban Limami a kasar Ghana, memba na Majalisar Zaman Lafiya ta Kasa kuma wanda ya kafa kamfanin SONSETFund da IPASEC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Give us violent-free elections - Chief Imam urges EC|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-give-us-violent-free-elections-chief-imam-urges-ec.html|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=National Chief Imam urges Muslims to adhere to ban on religious gathering during Ramadan|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/National-Chief-Imam-urges-Muslims-to-adhere-to-ban-on-religious-gathering-during-Ramadan-933670|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vibeghana.com/2013/08/08/lets-emulate-the-life-of-the-paragon-of-virtue-sheikh-dr-usman-nuhu-sharubutu-national-chief-imam-of-ghana/|title=Lets Emulate The Life of The Paragon of Virtue -Sheikh Dr Usman Nuhu Sharubutu National Chief Imam of Ghana|author=Alhaji alhasan abdulai (abdulai.alhasan@gmail.com)|publisher=VibeGhana|date=August 8, 2013|accessdate=20 January 2014|archive-date=1 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201231848/http://vibeghana.com/2013/08/08/lets-emulate-the-life-of-the-paragon-of-virtue-sheikh-dr-usman-nuhu-sharubutu-national-chief-imam-of-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spyghana.com/chief-imam-sheikh-osman-nuhu-sharubutu-mourns-mills/|title=Chief Imam Sheikh Osman Nuhu Sharubutu mourns Mills|author=|publisher=SpyGhana|date=July 27, 2012|accessdate=20 January 2014|archive-date=1 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201211205/http://www.spyghana.com/chief-imam-sheikh-osman-nuhu-sharubutu-mourns-mills/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/317869/1/press-release-by-his-eminence-the-national-chief-i.html|title=PRESS RELEASE BY HIS EMINENCE THE NATIONAL CHIEF IMAM OF GAHNA, SHEIKH DR. OSMANU NUHU SHARUBUTU|author=Muhammed Suraj Jawando|publisher=ModernGhana|date=February 24, 2011|accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=245943|title=Protect the principles of Islam – Sheikh Nuhu Sharubutu|author=Ghana News Agency|publisher=GhanaWeb|date=July 26, 2012|accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Osmanu Nuhu Sharubutu haifaffen Nuhu Sharubutu da Hajja A'ishatu Abbass a garin Accra Cow-lane an haifeshi ne a cikin watan Afrilu na shekara ta alif dari Tara da sha tara 1919.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-biography-of-sheikh-dr-osmanu-nuhu-sharubutu-the-national-chief-imam-and-grand-mufti-of-the-republic-of-ghana.html|title=Biography of the National Chief Imam Sheikh Dr Osmanu Nuhu Sharubutu|last=122108447901948|date=2019-06-04|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Chief Imam turns 101 today|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Chief-Imam-turns-101-today-932155|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> == Ilimi == Osmanu ya fara karatunshi a gida daga mahaifinsa da rana sannan tare da mahaifiyarsa da daddare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-biography-of-sheikh-dr-osmanu-nuhu-sharubutu-the-national-chief-imam-and-grand-mufti-of-the-republic-of-ghana.html|title=Biography of the National Chief Imam Sheikh Dr Osmanu Nuhu Sharubutu|last=122108447901948|date=2019-06-04|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Osman mahaifinsa ne ya tura shi zuwa wani sabon yanayin ilmantarwa bayan ya ga sadaukarwa ga littattafai da ilmi. An dauke shi zuwa Kumasi kuma can ya zama wurin karatun sa. Abdullah Dan Tano ne ya karantar dashi. Ya shiga cikin Nahawun Larabci, Adabin Larabci da Rubutu, Fikihun Musulunci da Hadisai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Chief Imam turns 101 today|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Chief-Imam-turns-101-today-932155|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> [[File:Ambassdor Palmer Visits Chief Imam 2.jpg|thumb|Osman Nuhu Sharubutu]] Bayan karatunsa a Kumasi, ya ba da lokacinsa wajen koyar da matasa musulmai masu son zama masu tunani da ilimi na Musulunci. Osman ya ci gaba da neman ilimi har ma a matsayinsa na malami kansa.<ref name=":0"/> == Alkawari == A cikin shekara ta alif dari Tara da saba'in da hudu shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da hudu 1974, an nada Osman a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Limamin yankin na Ghana bayan tattaunawar tsakanin masana addinin Musulunci da sauransu.<ref name=":0"/> Nadin nasa anyi shi ne duba da irin kwazo da yake da shi wajen karantar da addinin Musulunci. Ya yi watsi da tayin da aka yi masa amma wasu shugabannin Musulmai suka tilasta shi ba shi tunani.<ref name=":1"/> [[File:Iftar 2018 (28448028208).jpg|thumb|Osman Nuhu Sharubutu]] A shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da uku shekarar 1993, an nada shi Babban Limamin kasar Ghana na Al'ummomin Musulmai a kasar ta Ghana.<ref name=":1"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] h4frzk62sermt5fxc9mm9uuf714oodl 0 15671 889213 601235 2026-07-30T01:27:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ola Brown.jpg|thumb|hoton Dr Ola Brown]] [[File:Ola_Orekunrin_Flying_doctor_stretcher.png|200px|right|thumbnail|Ola Orekunrin Flying doctor stretcher]] '''Olamide Brown''', ana kuma kiranta da née Orekunrin, ta kasance likita ce Mai zama a kasar [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]], Amman yar asalin kasar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ce, tana aikin likitanci ne tare da kula da kiwon lafiya, kuma wacce aka kafa kungiyar Flying Doctors Healthcare Investment Group da ita, kuma Darakta ce ta Greentree Investment Company, a kungiyar ta Flying Doctors ta ba da gudummawa sosai da aiki a cikin sarkar ƙimar kiwon lafiya a cikin sabis na motar asibiti da dabaru, tuntuba / fasahar kiwon lafiya, asibiti / ginin asibiti, bincike da kayan aiki, kula da wuraren kiwon lafiya da kuma sayar da magunguna.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/features/ola-brown-calls-for-intense-private-sector-investment-in-nigerian-health-sector/|title=Ola Brown calls for intense private-sector investment in Nigerian Health sector|website=Guardian|access-date=2021-05-22|archive-date=2021-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506043229/https://guardian.ng/features/ola-brown-calls-for-intense-private-sector-investment-in-nigerian-health-sector/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/08/regenerative-medicinell-drastically-change-lives-ola-orekunrin/|title=Regenerative medicine will drastically change lives|website=Vanguard}}</ref><ref name="guard">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/sep/12/nigeria-air-ambulance-firm-healthcare|website=The Guardian|title=Nigeria's air ambulance firm is a leap forward for healthcare|location=United Kingdom|author=Renni Edo-Lodge|date=September 12, 2014|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-ola-orekunrin|title=DR. OLA OREKUNRIN Africa's high-flying doctor|website=Lionesses of Africa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greentreeinvestmentcompany.com/#team|title=Our Team|website=Greentree Investment Company}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nairametrics.com/2018/07/16/greentree-investment-company-is-set-to-fund-promising-nigerian-startups/|title=VC Firm, GreenTree holds Pitch Day for over 20 promising Startups|website=Nairametrics}}</ref> An yi zargin ta a kotu akan cewa Olamide tana aikin likita a Najeriya ba tare da lasisi ba. An kuma yi zargin cewa a wani lokaci Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Burtaniya ta dakatar da ita saboda mummunan halin rashin da'akayi kuma a halin yanzu ba ta da rajistar yin aiki a Ingila. Wani magidanci ne ya shigar da kara a gabanta inda ta zarge ta da bayyana kuskurenta game da N1.1 billion<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/05/we-are-saving-government-millions-every-day-flying-doctors/|title=We are saving government millions every day — Flying Doctors/|website=Vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://weetracker.com/2020/04/20/african-founder-covid-19-testing-booth/|title=African Doctor-Founder Develops Special COVID-19 Testing Booth That Don't Need Protective Gear|website=Weetracker}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flyingdoctorsnigeria.com/medical-solution-services/|title=African Doctor-Founder Develops Special COVID-19 Testing Booth That Don't Need Protective Gear|website=Flying Doctors Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/health/article/flying-doctors-launches-covid-mobile-to-ramp-up-testing-protect-health-workers/|title=Flying Doctors launches Covid Mobile to ramp up testing, protect health workers|website=Business Day}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa da ilimi == An haifi Ola Brown a [[Landan|Landan, Ingila]], kuma ta halarci Makarantar Koyon Aikin Likitanci Mai suna Hull York, Bayan ta kammala karatun ta, ta yi aiki a Ciwon Magunguna a cikin Kingdomasar Ingila sannan daga nan aka ci gaba da ba ta lambar yabo ta [https://www.mext.go.jp/en/policy/education/highered/title02/detail02/sdetail02/1373897.htm Japan MEXT] wanda ya ba ta damar ci gaba da karatunta a [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]], ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar da aka mai da hankali kan binciken bincike na lab tare da ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi. A yanzu haka tana kammala karatunta na digiri na biyu a fannin hada-hadar kudi da tattalin arziki a jami'ar London sannan kuma tana da takardar shedar ta, ta kammala manufofin tattalin arziki daga makarantar kasuwanci ta IE, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da kuma satifiket a lissafin yanke shawara daga Jami'ar Michigan a United Jihohi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Olamide|first=Orekunrin|title=Fixing Health Care in Nigeria|year=2018|location=Lagos|pages=5}}</ref> == Aikin likitancia == [[File:Dr.Ola Orekunrin Brown @WFM917 for Wiki Loves Women radio program.jpg|thumb|Ola Brown]] Bayan kammala karatu, Ola tayi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta kasar Ingila . Tare da samun ƙwarewa na musamman a fannin ilimi, ta fara ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na gaggawa a yankin Yammacin Afirka a Legas, Najeriya, a karkashin kungiyar Flying Doctors Nigeria Ltd, Olala memba ce na Kwalejin Koyarwar da Likitocin Gaggawa ta Amurka. An saka ta cikin shugabannin Matasan Duniya ta Tattalin Arzikin Duniya a cikin 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/flying-doctors-boss-writes-book-on-fixing-healthcare-in-nigeria/|website=Guardian|title=Flying doctors boss writes book on fixing healthcare in Nigeria|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2021-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523134822/https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/flying-doctors-boss-writes-book-on-fixing-healthcare-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.younggloballeaders.org/community|website=World Economic Forum|title=Ola Orekunrin;Managing Director:The Flying Doctors}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/personalities/how-i-became-a-doctor-at-21-ola-orekunrin/|title=How I became a doctor at 21-Ola Orekunrin|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2013-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804191903/http://www.punchng.com/spice/personalities/how-i-became-a-doctor-at-21-ola-orekunrin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Likitancin yawo == Ola ta himmatu ne don fara Likitocin Flying bayan sun gamu da rashin yar uwarta a karkashin mawuyacin yanayi kuma ta inganta aiyukan likitanci a Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/08/world/africa/ola-orekunrin-flying-doctors-nigeria/index.html|title=Flying doctor take to the skies to save lives|author=Teo Kermeliotis, for|website=CNN|access-date=2017-07-01}}</ref> Ta samu nasarar kafa Likitocin Flying a Lagos, Najeriya a 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.konnectafrica.net/flying-doctors-founder-ola-orekunrin-just-keeps-soaring/|title=Flying doctors founder Ola Orekunrin just keeps soaring|website=Konnect Africa}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knowledgefountain.co.uk/flying-doctors-nigeria-interview-with-dr-ola-orekunrin/|author=Sember Azzez Harris|website=Knowledge Fountain|title=Flying Doctors Nigeria-Interview with Doctor Ola Orekunrin|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2014-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722185650/http://www.knowledgefountain.co.uk/flying-doctors-nigeria-interview-with-dr-ola-orekunrin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fayil:Ola Orekunrin Flying doctor stretcher.png|thumb|Ola Brown]] A cikin 2018, an gabatar da karar akan Flying Doctors da Olamide daga dangin marigayi mai haƙuri Hanga, dangi ne ya cire wannan karar bisa radin kansa. <ref>{{cite news|title=Family of the late Nabil Hanga alleges negligence, seeks justice in court {{!}} The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World NewsNigeria — The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News|url=https://guardian.ng/news/family-of-the-late-nabil-hanga-alleges-negligence-seeks-justice-in-court/|access-date=7 November 2020|work=web.archive.org|date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012103457/https://guardian.ng/news/family-of-the-late-nabil-hanga-alleges-negligence-seeks-justice-in-court/|archive-date=2020-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barristerng.com/family-withdraws-suit-against-flying-doctors/|title=Family Withdraws Suit against Flying Doctors|website=Barristerng}}</ref>Likitocin Flying duk da haka suna kula da ita koyaushe kuma tana ci gaba da aiki a ɓangaren kamfanoni na kasuwanci, a fannin dabaru, tallatawa, saka hannun jari da haɓaka. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/10/29/flying-doctors-bags-iag-accreditation/|title=Flying Doctors bags IAG Accreditation|website=PM News}}</ref> == Zuna kudi da hannun jari == Baya ga aikinta a Likitocin Flying, Dakta Ola, Olabode Agusto da Abasiama Idaresit suna gudanar da kamfani ne na farko, Greentree Investment Company wanda ke samar da jarin bunkasa wasu daga cikin kere-kere na fasahar Afirka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greentreeinvestmentcompany.com/#team|title=Our Team|website=Greentree Investment Company}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nairametrics.com/2018/07/16/greentree-investment-company-is-set-to-fund-promising-nigerian-startups/|title=VC Firm, GreenTree holds Pitch Day for over 20 promising Startups|website=Nairametrics}}</ref>Kamfanin Greentree Investment yana aiki da Labarin farawa wanda ke tallafawa entreprenean kasuwa don haɓaka kasuwancin ci gaba sannan kuma saka hannun jari a cikin wasu sanannun farawa na Afirka da suka haɗa da Paystack, Precurio da Big Cabal Media da dai sauransu da kuma fayil na $ 80m wanda ya yanke a sassa daban-daban ciki har da fasahar Kiwon Lafiya, Fintech, Media, SaaS, Agri-tech, Manufacturing da e-commerce, da Edutech.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nipc.gov.ng/2018/07/17/greentree-investment-company-is-set-to-fund-promising-nigerian-startups/|title=Greentree Investment Company is Set to Fund Promising Nigerian Startups|website=NIPC|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215172337/https://www.nipc.gov.ng/2018/07/17/greentree-investment-company-is-set-to-fund-promising-nigerian-startups/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://anacgabon.org/feature-tragedy-that-turned-dr-ola-into-a-nigerian-lifesaver.html|title=Feature: Tragedy that turned Dr Ola into a Nigerian lifesaver|website=ANAC Gabon|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215225413/http://anacgabon.org/feature-tragedy-that-turned-dr-ola-into-a-nigerian-lifesaver.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2019, ta kafa Kamfanin Flying Doctors Healthcare Investment Company, wani kamfani mai kula da harkokin kiwon lafiya da walwala wanda ya haɗu da saka hannun jari da ayyukanta na aiki da ƙungiyarta ke gudanarwa a cikin yanayin lafiya da walwala.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fdinvestmentcompany.com/|title=Flying Doctors Investment}}</ref> Kamfanin Flying Doctors na Kamfanin Kula da Lafiya na Lafiya yana saka hannun jari kuma yana aiki a tsakanin sashin ƙimar kiwon lafiya a cikin sabis na motar asibiti & kayan aiki, shawarwari / fasahar kiwon lafiya, asibitin / ginin asibiti, bincikowa da kayan aiki, gudanar da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da sayar da magunguna kuma a halin yanzu an saka hannun jari a Koniku, masana'antar kimiyya da fasaha kamfanin kera magunguna; Lifestores - sarkar kantin magunguna masu araha, Mdass - kamfanin bincike ne a kasuwannin da ba su da tsaro wadanda ke samar da kiwon lafiya mai sauki; Chisco express - kamfani ne mai cikakken kayan aiki wanda yake jigilar kayayyaki gami da magunguna a fadin Afirka ta Yamma da Helium Health - dandamali na telemedicine da na Electronic Medical Records.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/1808040/nigeria-pharmacy-starup-lifestores-raises-1-million-seed-round/|title=Investors are backing a Nigerian pharmacy tech startup aiming to disrupt primary healthcare}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://disrupt-africa.com/2020/05/nigerian-startup-helium-health-secures-10m-series-a-round-to-expand-into-new-markets/|title=Nigerian startup Helium Health secures $10m Series A round to expand into new markets}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fdinvestmentcompany.com/|title=Flying Doctors Investment}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/igorbosilkovski/2020/05/07/meet-the-nigerian-entrepreneurs-who-just-raised-10-million-to-transform-africas-healthcare/#2469181753bd|title=Meet The Nigerian Entrepreneurs Who Just Raised $10 Million To Transform Africa's Healthcare}}</ref> A tsayi na Corona Virus Pandemic, Ola da ƙungiyarta ta FDHIC sun ƙaddamar da akwatin gwaji ta hannu ta COVID-19 kuma wanda ya rage buƙatar PPE da yawa da rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ma'aikacin lafiya ta hanyar samar da shamaki tsakanin mai haƙuri da ke da cutar.t<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legatum.mit.edu/resources/how-a-startup-born-at-mit-built-a-covid-19-mass-testing-site-in-nigeria/|title=HOW A STARTUP BORN AT MIT BUILT A COVID-19 MASS TESTING SITE IN NIGERIA|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2021-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523130647/https://legatum.mit.edu/resources/how-a-startup-born-at-mit-built-a-covid-19-mass-testing-site-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/features/health/ogun-state-brings-innovation-to-the-fight-against-covid-19/|title=Ogun State brings innovation to the fight against COVID-19|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2021-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523180731/https://guardian.ng/features/health/ogun-state-brings-innovation-to-the-fight-against-covid-19/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/06/09/flying-doctors-unveils-west-africas-first-isolation-pod/|title=Flying Doctors Unveils West Africa's First Isolation Pod}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/african-innovators-join-fight-against-covid-19|title=African innovators join the fight against COVID-19}}</ref> [[File:Ola Orekunrin.png|thumb|Ola Brown]] A watan Yulin 2020, Ola ya karbi bakuncin Ministan Masana'antu, Kasuwanci da Zuba Jari na Najeriya, Otunba Adebayo a bugun farko na 'The Conversation' tare da Flying Doctors Healthcare Investment Company, tare da tattaunawa wanda ya shafi ci gaban saka hannun jari da dama a bangaren kiwon lafiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/companies/article/flying-doctors-champions-investment-growth-opportunities-in-healthcare-sector/|title=Flying Doctors champions investment growth, opportunities in healthcare sector}}</ref> == Bayyyanar ta da wallafe-wallafe == Ta yi magana a dandamali daban-daban a duniya ciki har da Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya ,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/authors/ola-brown/|title=Feature: Agenda Contributor – Ola Brown|website=WeForum}}</ref> TED Global Conference ,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p79YuWmvoxA/|title=Speed of Life - Ola Orekunrin|website=TEDGlobal Fellows 2012}}</ref> Social Media Week Lagos, Tarayyar Turai, Taron Tattalin Arzikin Switzerland, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bankin Duniya, Tattalin Arzikin Duniya Tattaunawa, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Jami'ar Cambridge da Bukin Aspen Ideas. An nuna Dr Ola da aikinta a dandamali daban-daban na kafafen yada labarai. Ita edita ce ta International Journal of Emergency Services kuma ta buga littattafai guda uku - EMQ a fannin likitan yara, Kula da Asibiti kafin Afirka da Gyara Kiwon Lafiya a Najeriya; Jagora ga Manufofin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a. Ta kuma yi rubuce-rubuce a cikin Jaridar Likita ta Biritaniya, da Journal of Medical Medical Services, da Niger Delta Medical Journal, da New York Times da kuma Huffington Post. * Gyara Nigeria kiwon lafiya<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ola|first=Orekunrin|title=Fixing Nigeria Health Care|year=2018|location=Lagos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Dr Ola New book{{!}}Fixing Nigeria Health care|work=Bella Naija|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/10/dr-ola-browns-new-book-is-a-must-read-for-every-nigerian-it-is-free-fixing-healthcare-in-nigeria/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drolaorekunrinbrown.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Fixing-Nigeria-2.pdf|title=Fixing Nigeria Health care|website=Dr Ola Orekunrin Brown|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2021-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215170820/http://www.drolaorekunrinbrown.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Fixing-Nigeria-2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Banki, Kuɗi & Tattalin Arziki a cikin Kasuwa Masu Fitowa: tarin makala<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@drola/my-official-profile-bc53e23c64d3|title=Official Profile|website=Dr Ola Orekunrin Brown}}</ref> == Daraja == Ta samu lambobin yabo da dama. * 7TED Global Fellow 2012 * Wannan Ranar Ta Karrama 2012 - Gudummawa ga Kiwon Lafiya a Afirka * Kyautar Kyautar Kyautar Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta ta Afirka ta Gabas ga Kasuwancin 2012 * Taron Tattalin Arzikin Duniya (WEF) Jagoran Matasa na Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Young African leaders|url=https://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2013/03/world/young-african-leaders/|website=CNN|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-30}}</ref> * Forbes 20 Matasa masu iko a Afirka 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/12/04/the-20-young-power-women-in-africa-2013/#4b816f7f5431|title=The 20 Young Power Women In Africa 2013|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202130228/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/12/04/the-20-young-power-women-in-africa-2013/#4b816f7f5431|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Cibiyar Aspen Sabuwar Muryar Abokan 2013 * NewsDirect Awards 'Fitacciyar mace Shugaba a shekarar 2013'. * 'Yan Forbes na Afirka 30' yan kasa da shekaru 30 na shekarar 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2015/06/12/africas-most-promising-young-entrepreneurs-forbes-africas-30-under-30-for-2015/#41f55c761de6|title=Fixing Nigeria Health care|website=Dr Ola Orekunrin Brown}}</ref> * '''YWomen''' - YNaija Mata 100 Da '''Suka Fi Tasiri''' A Nijeriya 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.360nobs.com/2015/03/100-most-influential-women-in-nigeria-ywomen/|title=100 Most Influential Women In Nigeria – #YWomen|access-date=2021-05-23|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003230323/http://360nobs.com/2015/03/100-most-influential-women-in-nigeria-ywomen/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Birungiyar birwararren Groupwararren Businesswararren Groupungiyar Silverbird . A bikin karramawa na kungiyar Silverbird da ake yi duk shekara a watan Fabrairun 2018 a Lagas, Najeriya ta zama mafi karancin shekaru da ta taba samun lambar girma a shekaru 30 kuma ita ce mace tilo a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/dr-ola-orekunrin-brown-receives-silverbird-award.html|title=Dr. Ola Orekunrin-Brown receives Silverbird award|work=Daily Trust|date=Feb 24, 2018|author=Opeyemi Kehinde|access-date=June 20, 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701094757/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/dr-ola-orekunrin-brown-receives-silverbird-award.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Jerin Kasuwancin YNaija 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ynaija.com/dr-ola-brown-iyin-aboyeji-abubakar-sadiq-falalu-see-the-ynaijapowerlist2020-for-business/|title=Dr. Ola Brown, Iyin Aboyeji, Abubakar Sadiq Falalu…See the #YNaijaPowerList2020 for Business}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Diddigin bayanai na waje == * [http://www.drolaorekunrinbrown.com Dr Ola Brown Yanar Gizo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614113118/http://www.drolaorekunrinbrown.com/ |date=2021-06-14 }} * [http://flyingdoctorsnigeria.com/ Flying Doctors Yanar Gizo] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Likitoci]] [[Category:Likitocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1ui5d9ci0s501pfv8t99nx3ztrikszi 0 15899 889221 694533 2026-07-30T02:59:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olusegun Adejumo''' ɗan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya ne]] mai zane-zane,wanda aka san shi da zane-zanen mutane, Shi ne daraktan Gidan Zane-Zane, kuma a halin yanzu shi ne shugaban ''Guild of Professional Fine Artists [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/artists-guild-elects-adejumo-as-new-president/|title=Artists' Guild Elects Adejumo As New President|access-date=2017-06-26|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225075431/https://guardian.ng/art/artists-guild-elects-adejumo-as-new-president/|url-status=dead}}</ref>.'' '''Adejumo''' yana zaune kuma yana aiki a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya. == Ilimi, rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Adejumo a ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1965 a Legas. Ya kuma halarci Kwalejin Ilimi ta Yaba a shekara ta 1982 zuwa shekara ta 1987 kuma ya kammala da Babbar difloma ta kasa (HND) a aikin zane. Daga shekara ta 1987 zuwa shekara ta 1988, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Malami mai Zane a Makarantar Fasaha ta Jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane a Kamfanin Talla a shekara ta 1988. == Nunin == === Shirya ayyukan === * 2017: Bankalubalen Fasaha na Bankin Union..<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tribuneonlineng.com/union-bank-centenary-art-challenge-commences/|title=Union Bank Centenary Art Challenge commences - Tribune|date=2017-06-04|work=Tribune|access-date=2017-07-04|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/art/bank-opens-centenary-art-challenge-competition/|title=Bank opens 'Centenary Art Challenge' competition|access-date=2017-07-04|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711021914/https://guardian.ng/art/bank-opens-centenary-art-challenge-competition/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/06/25/in-search-of-a-winner-for-centenary-art-challenge/|title=In Search of a Winner for Centenary Art Challenge|last=Editor|first=Online|date=2017-06-24|work=THISDAYLIVE|access-date=2017-07-04|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.unionbankng.com/100-2/art-challenge/|title=Centenary Art Challenge - Union Bank|work=Union Bank|access-date=2017-07-04|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> OneDraw Gallery tare da haɗin gwiwar Union Bank of Nigeria PLC * 2017: Co-curator tawagar gwamnatin jihar Legas, Nunin Kwana na Kwana 3<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lagosstate.gov.ng/blog/2017/01/30/eko-art-expo-lagos-to-use-art-tourism-to-boost-economy/|title=EKO ART EXPO: LAGOS TO USE ART, TOURISM TO BOOST ECONOMY – Lagos State Government|website=lagosstate.gov.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-date=2020-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809163345/http://lagosstate.gov.ng/blog/2017/01/30/eko-art-expo-lagos-to-use-art-tourism-to-boost-economy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rasheed Gbadamosi Eko Art Expo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ekoartexpo.com/|title=The Rasheed Gbadamosi Eko Art Expo – Art Exhibition – "Lagos for all"|website=ekoartexpo.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-date=2017-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201210235/http://ekoartexpo.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lagos a 50 === Zaɓaɓɓun nune-nunen nune-nunen === * 2014: motsin rai, Mydrim Gallery, [[Lagos]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/01/theres-difference-nudity-nakedness-segun-adejumo/|title=There's a difference between nudity and nakedness —Segun Adejumo - Vanguard News|date=2015-01-03|work=Vanguard News|access-date=2017-07-04|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2011: Les Designs d 'Olusegun Adejumo, City Mall, Lagos * 2011: Manufa da Manufofin, Gidan Gidan Gida, Port Harcourt * 2010: Yi baje kolin neman kudi don tallafawa kansar nono da sankarar mahaifa, Bloom Project, Hall Hall, Lagos * 2007: Maganganu, Sandiland Arcade, VI Lagos * 2004: Kwanan nan, Gidan Bayanai na Truview, Lagos * 2004: Aikin Zane Zane, Fasali Na Daya, Gidan Tarihin Framemaster, Lagos * 1998: Akan Neman, Gidan Baƙon Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka, Lagos * 1994: Zane-zanen kwanan nan, Chevron Estate, Lagos * 1994: Zane-zanen kwanan nan a cikin Ruwan ruwa, Fenchurch Gallery, Lagos * 1992: San uwan juna daban-daban, Sans Culturel Francaise, Alliance Francais, Lagos * 1992: San uwan juna daban-daban, Club, Sheraton Hotels da Towers, Lagos === Zaɓaɓɓun nune-nunen ƙungiyoyi === * 2016: Catharsis, Kungiyoyin kwararrun kwararrun mawaƙa na Najeriya, Terra Kulture, Lagos<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/09/18/the-masters-pieces/|title=The Masters' Pieces|last=Editor|first=Online|date=2016-09-18|work=THISDAYLIVE|access-date=2017-07-04|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2016: Oreze IV, wani taron baje kolin girmamawa ga Mai Martaba Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, Obi na Onitsha (Agbogidi) * 2015: Art ne Life (Inganta Fasaha da Al'adar Nijeriya), Total Village, Lagos * 2015: Oreze IV, wani taron baje kolin girmamawa ga Mai Martaba Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, Obi na Onitsha (Agbogidi) * 2015: Kayayyaki marasa iyaka, Terra Kulture, Lagos * 2014: Bambanci na 2, Terra Kulture, Lagos * 2012: Ba komai sai Gaskiya, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos * 2012: Tare, Babban Taron Tattalin Arzikin Kudu-Kudu, Asaba * 2012: Cikakken Muhimmin, Nunin Hotunan Zamanin Najeriya, Siffofi da Fasaha, London 2012 Wasannin Olympic & Paralympic, Stratford * 2010: Crux of Matter, Guild na ofwararrun Artwararrun Artwararrun ofwararrun Nijeriya, Lagos * 2010: maras lokaci, Nunin Baje kolin Annual na 10, Mydrim Gallery, Lagos * 2010: Tsohuwar zamani, Jihar Legas tana bikin Nijeriya a 50, Federal Palace Hotel, Lagos * 2009: Launuka na Fata, Nunin Tallafawa Yaran da ke Rayuwa da Gidauniyar Cancer, Filin lasisin zane-zane, Lagos * 2009: Yin tafiya tare da Masters, Price Waterhouse Coopers, Lagos * 2009: Besançon vu par Nina et Adejumo, Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe, Jami'ar de Frache Comte Besançon Faransa * 2009: Tattaunawa tsakanin Al'adu, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Alliance Française da Society of Nigerian Artist, Lagos * 2008: resofar shiga, ildungiyar Artwararrun Artwararrun ofwararrun Nigeriawararrun Nijeriya, Lagos * 2008: Nunin baje koli, Lagos * 2008: Nunin Bugun Giclee, Hue Concept, Terra Kulture, Lagos * 2008: Ruwan Oktoba, ofungiyar Artwararrun Nigerianwararrun Nigerianan Nijeriya, Nigerianasar Legas * 2008: Launuka na Fata, Nunin Tallafawa Yaran da ke Rayuwa da Cutar Kansa, Lagos * 2007: Jarin, Sachs Gallery, Lagos * 2007: Launuka na Fata, Nunin Tallafawa Yaran da ke Rayuwa da Cutar Kansa, Terra Kulture, Lagos * 2007: Treananan asuresananan Bayanai, Fairananan Fasaha na Fasaha, Framemaster Ltd, Lagos * 2007: Hotunan Hellenic da Mawallafin Fasaha Hudu na Nijeriya a Fassara, Ofishin Jakadancin Girka, Lagos * 2006: Baje kolin Firimiya, Kungiyar Ruwan Ruwan Najeriya, Terra Kulture, Lagos * 2005: Sabuntawa, ofungiyar Artwararrun Nigerianan Nijeriya, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos * 2005: Concert of Five, Gidan Rediyon Rayuwa, Abuja * 2005: 5th Exhibation Pastel Exhibition, Mydrim Gallery, Lagos * 2004: Zanen Hotuna, Gidan Hoto na Hourglass, Lagos * 2004: Matrix da Muse, Framemaster Gallery, Legas * 2004: An zaba ne don bikin baje koli na 19 na Philadelphia na Artpo, Gallery na Oktoba, USA * 2002: Manyan bayanai, Nunin Kayan Tarihi na Shekarar 2 na shekara, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos * 2002: Rockungiyar Aso Rock, Gidauniyar Afirka ta Fasaha, Legas * 2002: Jigida, Babban Room, Gidan Grosevenor, Lane Park, Landan * 2000: Takeauki Mace guda ɗaya, Atrium Gallery, [[Landan|London]] * 2000: Haske na Farko, Gidan Tarihin Vermilion, Lagos * 2000: Bayan Bango, Gidan Tarihin Vermilion, Lagos * 1998: Daga Gidan Jariri, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Yaba, Cibiyar Goethe, Legas * 1997: Young Master Artist Club, Gallery Gallery, Lagos * 1997: Artist shida, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos * 1994: Rahamar Ibada, Mauba Gallery, Lagos * 1994: Bar shi ya gudana, Gidan Tarihin Mydrim, Lagos * 1992: Dubun dubatar Tunani, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos * 1991: Fantsar launuka, Sarkar Abincin Terri, Lagos * 1989: Fasaha da Sana'o'in Najeriya, Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka, Lagos * 1988: Tattarawa, Barnette Gallery, Lagos === 'Yan gwanjo === * 2013: Arthouse Contemporary Limited 'Na Zamani da Na Zamani', Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Segun-Adejumo/CB1906514BDF9832|title=Segun Adejumo|website=www.mutualart.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-04}}</ref> * 2013: TKMG, Terra Kulture Mydrim Gallery,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://terrakulturemydrimauctionhouse.com/|title=TKMG Art Auction|website=terrakulturemydrimauctionhouse.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-date=2021-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411132715/https://terrakulturemydrimauctionhouse.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gasar Hannun Kwalliyar Legas * 2011: TKMG, Terra Kulture Mydrim Gallery, Tallan Art, Legas * 2011: Arthouse Contemporary Limited 'Na Zamani da Na Zamani', Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Olusegun-Adejumo/E3C477800F23B51B|title=Olusegun Adejumo|website=www.mutualart.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-04}}</ref> === Ayyukan da aka zaba === * Rufin Fresco, Hasumiyar Gidaje huɗu Masu Neman Shawarwari (Ginin Iliya akan titin Ereko) * Hoton Farfesa Odunjo na Sashin Nazarin Lafiyar Jiki, Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas * Hoton 1988 Rotary President, Barrister Solaru, Rotary Club District 911 === Zaɓin ƙwarewar bita === * 2011: Tarihin rayuwa- [[Wole Soyinka]], Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kasa, Legas === Zaɓaɓɓun zane zane === * Babu Abinci ga Eze, Farafina Littattafan Ilimi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spineandlabel.com/index.php?_route_=no-supper-eze-Nigerian-African-chilrden-story|title=No Supper For Eze|website=spineandlabel.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-04}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kachifo Limited * Babu Makaranta ga Eze,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spineandlabel.com/index.php?_route_=eze-series-nigerian-story-african-Children-school&search=Eze|title=No School For Eze|website=spineandlabel.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-04}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Farafina Littattafan Ilimi, Kachifo Limited * Gurasa Kawai Don Eze,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spineandlabel.com/index.php?_route_=eze-series-African-stories-NIgerian-children&search=Eze|title=Only Bread For Eze|website=spineandlabel.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604073504/https://www.spineandlabel.com/index.php?_route_=eze-series-African-stories-NIgerian-children&search=Eze|url-status=dead}}</ref> Farafina Littattafan Ilimi, Kachifo Limited === Taron karawa juna sani === * 2012: Na raba kwarewar aikina, Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife * 2011: Rayuwa a matsayin Mai zane-zane a cikin karni na 21, Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife * 2008: Yan Najeriya Suna Aiki. Taron Masu Ruwa Da Fasaha Na Nijeriya 3 na Cibiyar Bunkasa Fasaha ta Afirka (AARC) * 2007: Matashin Mawaki da Wurin Kasuwarsa - Yin iyo Akan Ruwa (Art Zero), National Gallery of Art, Lagos === Kyauta da ikon zama === * 2016: Zama, lectungiyoyin Artan Wasan [[Afirka|Afirka Ta]] Yamma, Villa Karon kulttuurilehti, Grand Popo, Jamhuriyar Benin<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.villakaro.org/en/villa-karo/residency/|title=Residency?|website=www.villakaro.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-04}}</ref> * 2015: Girmamawa ga Gidauniyar Efua Nubuke ta Gabas Legon, Accra, Ghana<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nubukefoundation.org/|title=Nubuke|website=Nubuke|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-date=2017-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628164038/http://www.nubukefoundation.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2013: Zama, lectungiyoyin Artan Wasan Afirka Ta Yamma, Villa Karon kulttuurilehti, Grand Popo, Jamhuriyar Benin * 2012: Zama, lectungiyoyin Artan Wasan Afirka Ta Yamma, Villa Karon kulttuurilehti, Grand Popo, Jamhuriyar Benin * 2011: Zama, lectungiyoyin Artan Wasan Afirka Ta Yamma, Villa Karon kulttuurilehti, Grand Popo, Jamhuriyar Benin * 1997: Jerin sunayen wadanda aka zaba don Kyautar Hadin gwiwar Dukiyar Jama'a * 1984: Mafi Kyawun ɗalibai a Fannin Fasaha, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yaba, Kyautar Gidan Gala na Gong === Haɗa kai da membobinsu === * Kungiya ta Fine Artist Nigeria (GFAN) * Ofungiyar Mawallafin Nigerianan Nijeriya (SNA)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://snanational.org/|title=Home - SNA Newsletter|website=SNA Newsletter|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-date=2017-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621100039/http://snanational.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Stoneungiyar Kasashen Duniya, Nijeriya (ISLN) * Coungiyar Ruwan Ruwa ta Najeriya (WSN) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://olusegunadejumo.com/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219210742/http://www.olusegunadejumo.com/ |date=2020-02-19 }} * [http://onedrawgallery.com/ One Draw Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805043457/http://onedrawgallery.com/ |date=2020-08-05 }} [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Yan'siyasan Najeriya]] 6mjasg9ztlmnhmreu2xr6ju8cp8uiyk 0 16029 889202 509678 2026-07-29T23:42:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Dr wali main.jpg|thumb|Yanah rike da rigar Obi Wali]] '''Obi Wali''' (an haife shi ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1932 ya mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1993) ya kasance mai rajin kare hakkin marasa rinjaye, kuma dan siyasa, fitaccen sanata, masanin adabi, kuma mai magana ne daga Najeriya. kuma cikin nasarorin da ya samu, ya yi gwagwarmaya don neman tsirarun kabilun Ikwerre ya kuma yi ikirarin cewa ya kamata a rubuta adabin Afirka da yarukan Afirka. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Obi Wali a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 1932 a Garin Rumuigbo, hedkwatar Masarautar Apara, a cikin Karamar Hukumar [[Obio-Akpor|Obio Akpor]] ta [[Rivers|Jihar Ribas]] .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/50371/1/justice-for-obi-waliby-okachikwu-dibia.html|title=Justice for Obi Wali.By Okachikwu Dibia|newspaper=TheNigerianVoice.com|access-date=2017-01-02}}</ref> Iyayensa sune Late Chief Frank Wali Otogbo da Late Mrs. Jane Wali Otogbo diyar shahararren Marigayi Cif Ezebunwo Amadi Nwondugba, wanda shi ne babban mai mulkin Oroworukwo Rebisi a karamar hukumar [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]] ta [[Rivers|Jihar Ribas]] . Yana da ƙaramin sibbling, Marigayi Mrs Patience Waku Okabie Worgu. Ya yi karatu a makarantar Afirka ta Yamma, [[Kalaba|Calabar]], sannan ya bi makarantar sakandare ta St. Augustine, [[Nkwerre]] . Don karatun sakandarensa ya halarci Kwalejin Jami'a ta [[Ibadan]], inda ya kware a fannin adabi. Sannan ya ci gaba da karatu a Amurka, inda ya samu digiri na uku a fannin [[adabi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://learnigbolanguage.com/photo-gallery/|title=Gallery of Great Igbo People: Dr. (Senator) Obi Wali|last=Rosales|first=Thomas|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2018-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020074437/http://learnigbolanguage.com/photo-gallery|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ba a sami ƙarin ƙarin bayani game da rayuwarsa ta farko ko rayuwa ta sirri / ta iyali. == Ayyuka == Wali yana daya daga cikin iyayen da suka kafa jihar Ribas a Najeriya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishina na Ilimi na farko, sannan ya kasance memba na majalisar zartarwa ta farko a jihar.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Saylor|first=Ryan|date=2016-07-01|title=Ethnic Entrepreneurs and Movements for New Administrative Units: Lessons from Nigeria|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/06/29/publius.pjw016|journal=Publius: The Journal of Federalism|language=en|pages=pjw016|doi=10.1093/publius/pjw016|issn=0048-5950|volume=46}}</ref> Daga baya an zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki ta shekara ta 1978 sannan kuma ya zama memba na Kwamitin Tsara Tsarin Mulki wanda ya tsara Tsarin Mulkin shekarar 1979 na [[Nijeriya|Tarayyar Najeriya]] <ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=The Politics of Oil: Who Owns Oil, Nigeria, States or Communities?|last=Omoruyi|first=Omo|date=April 2000|work=|access-date=|via=}}</ref>.An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar dattijan Tarayyar Najeriya a Jamhuriya ta Biyu kuma a shekarar 1980 an zabe shi Shugaban marasa rinjaye na Majalisar Dattawa, Tarayyar Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web|title=National Network Newspaper|url=https://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/|last=User|first=Super|website=National Network Newspaper|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> . A matsayinsa na dan siyasa, watakila an fi tuna shi da yin gwagwarmayar kare kananan kabilun Ikwerre a Najeriya. Sanata Wali na daya daga cikin sanannun shugabanni daga yankin Neja Delta da ke ci gaba da yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata ga 'yan Neja Delta [[ kabilar Ikwerre]]. Ya yi gwagwarmayar kirkirar [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]] daga cikin Jihar Ribas ta Nijeriya ta lokacin. Kirkirar jihar Fatakwal ga mutanen Ikwerre ya kasance muhimmiyar nasara a cikin shawarwarinsa na kawo karshen nuna wariya da danniyar da aka yi wa Ikwerre, da kuma jajircewar da jihar ta yi da amfani da albarkatunsu. <ref>Wali Obi. 1982. "Rationale for the demand for Port Harcourt State". In Adejnyigbe Omolade, Dare Leo, Adepoju Aderanti (eds), ''Creation of States in Nigeria: a review of rationale, demands and problems up to 1980'', Lagos: Federal Government Printer, 119–123.</ref> Wali ya yi yakin neman a gyara rashin daidaito a cikin yanayin zamantakewar tattalin arziki da siyasa na kasar Najeriya a duk lokacin da yake siyasa. Ana kuma tuna shi saboda kiran da ya yi na yin nazari mai zurfi game da alkawurran da Najeriya ta dauka ga Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Onwuka|first=R. I.|date=1982-01-01|title=The Ecowas Protocol on the Free Movement of Persons: A Threat to Nigerian Security?|journal=African Affairs|volume=81|issue=323|pages=193–206|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097408|jstor=721727}}</ref> Baya ga matsayinsa na siyasa, Wali ya kasance farfesa a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami’ar Najeriya, Nsukka]], inda ya koyar da kwasa-kwasan da suka hada da “Gabatar da Adabin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=65Sl6W4Z5YsC&oi=fnd&pg=PA17&dq=%22obi+wali%22&ots=aHpNkDVFmI&sig=ysQh5X2W5l5QKpLX4hYrJWvU-2A#v=onepage&q=%22obi%20wali%22&f=false|title=Meditations on African Literature|last=Okafor|first=Dubem|date=2001-01-01|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313298660|language=en}}</ref>”Bayan gudummawar ilimi da siyasa a Najeriya, Wali ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga karatun adabi. == Gudummawa da ra'ayoyi kan adabin Afirka == Wali an san shi da ikirarin cewa ya kamata a rubuta adabin Afirka da yarukan Afirka kawai. Ya nanata mahimmancin da ake rubuta ayyukan "Afirka" a cikin harsunan manoman Afirka da azuzuwan aiki maimakon Ingilishi ko wasu yarukan na waje. Ta hanyar kawancen wadannan ajujuwan da ke tsakanin yawancin kasashen Afirka, ya yi hasashen "karyewar juyin juya halin da ba makawa da mulkin-mallaka.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Decolonising_the_mind.html?id=z60udlv1F_cC|title=Decolonising the mind: the politics of language in African literature|last=Thiong'o|first=Ngugi wa|date=1994-01-01|publisher=East African Publishers|isbn=9789966466846|language=en}}</ref>"Ya bayyana wadannan ra'ayoyin ne a cikin rubutun sa mai cike da cece-kuce "Mataccen Karshen Adabin Afirka", wanda aka yi la’akari da alama a fagen ilimin adabin Afirka na zamani.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nwakanma|first=Obi|date=2016-01-01|title=MJC Echeruo: Occidentalism, Diaspora, Nationalist, and Transnationalist Trajectories of His African Modernism|jstor=10.2979/reseafrilite.47.3.07|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=47|issue=3|pages=106–123|doi=10.2979/reseafrilite.47.3.07}}</ref> A cikin rubutun, Wali ya rubuta "wani marubucin Afirka wanda ke tunani da ji a cikin yarensa dole ne ya yi rubutu da wannan yaren.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wali|first=Obiajunwa|date=1963-01-01|title=The Dead End of African Literature?|journal=Transition|issue=10|pages=13–15|doi=10.2307/2934441|jstor=2934441}}</ref>"Wali ya gabatar da wannan takarda a shekarar 1962 a Jami'ar Makerere a Uganda a farkon babban taro kan sabon rubutun Afirka a cibiyar. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4P8yEu2pcxwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA55&dq=%22obi+wali%22&ots=NHt4zm0VB2&sig=Mgj6x-m4At2tVMKZOtaXlaZh3DY#v=onepage&q=%22Wali%22&f=false|title=Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart: A Casebook|last=Okpewho|first=Isidore|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195147636|language=en}}</ref> Sanannen takarda ya ci gaba da bugawa a fitowar tana goma a mujallar ''Transition'' . Kodayake wasu na adawa da shi, amma manyan marubutan adabin Afirka kamar Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o sun yaba da rubutun na Wali, wanda ya sauya sunan zuwa na gargajiya na Afirka bayan karanta hujjar Wali. Bugu da ƙari, Wali ya ce ya zama dole ga masu sukar adabi su koyi yarukan Afirka kafin nazarin rubutun adabin Afirka da kuma samar da ra'ayoyi game da ma'anoninsu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shelton|first=Austin J.|date=1964-01-01|title=Some Problems of Inter-Communication|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=2|issue=3|pages=395–403|doi=10.1017/s0022278x00004341|jstor=158648}}</ref>Ra'ayin Wali da Ngũgĩ cewa adabin Afirka ne kawai za a rubuta shi cikin harsunan Afirka galibi ana sanya shi a matsayin adawa da ra'ayin [[Chinua Achebe]] da Ama Ata Aidoo, waɗanda suka ce ba za a iya rubuta adabin Afirka ba a cikin harsunan waje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP999aua.html|title=Mots Pluriels Azodo|website=motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref> == Wanda ake zargi da kisan kai == Wali an yi masa kisan gilla tare da yanke shi a gida a cikin dakin kwanan shi. Wasu da ake zargi da kisan gilla ne a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 1993 Dalilan kisan sun kasance ba a kafa su ba; duk da haka, mutane da yawa sunyi hasashen cewa yana da nasaba da ra'ayin siyasarsa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/50371/1/justice-for-obi-waliby-okachikwu-dibia.html|title=Justice for Obi Wali.By Okachikwu Dibia|newspaper=TheNigerianVoice.com|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref>A lokacin kisan nasa, Wali ya kasance Sanatan Najeriya mai martaba na Jihar Ribas. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zaiDDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=obi+wali+murder&ots=M8ZUk40zXK&sig=bxd-4YOjuhxeZCGWRzO8WAtruWE#v=onepage&q=obi%20wali&f=false|title=In the Company of the Muse|last=Dike|first=Okoro|date=2016-06-13|publisher=Cissus World Press|isbn=9780967951126|language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka binne shi a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 1994. Wannan bai daɗe ba kafin ƙasar ta zartar da hukuncin kisa ga wani ɗan rajin kare haƙƙin tsiraru, [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] . Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] (tsohon shugaban mulkin sojan Najeriya), Cif Rufus Ada George (tsohon gwamnan jihar Ribas), da Peter Odili (gwamnan jihar Ribas na wancan lokacin) da sauransu an zarge su da hannu a kisan Wali a [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]] . An gabatar da karar kisan Wali a gaban kwamitin da ke binciken take hakkin bil adama, a gabanta ne al’ummar Ikwere da dan Wali, Ihumuo, suka gabatar da zargin rufe bakin, tare da matarsa Nnenna.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200101210118.html|title=Nigeria: Oputa Panel, Babangida, Odili Named in Murder Case|last=Akunna|first=Ahamefula Ogbu and Chuks|date=2001-01-21|newspaper=This Day (Lagos)|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref> == Legacy da ƙwaƙwalwa == A shekarar 2014 ne aka bude Cibiyar Taron Kasa da Kasa ta Obi Wali ga jama'a a Port Harcourt, Jihar Ribas, aka kirkireshi aka kuma sanya masa suna domin tunawa da irin gudummawar Obi Wali na siyasa da adabi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/05/19/govt-names-intl-conference-centre-after-obi-wali/|title=Govt Names Int’l Conference Centre After Obi Wali {{!}} :::...The Tide News Online:::...|last=admin|access-date=2017-01-04}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, mutanen Ikwerre suna shirya lacca don tunawa da Obi Wali a kowace shekara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenewswriterng.com/?p=4982|author=Ejiowho, Emeka Jilly|title=Ikwerres End Late Obi Wali 8th Annual Memorial Lecture In Grandstyle - The Newswriter|website=www.thenewswriterng.com|date=2012-09-26|access-date=2017-01-04|archive-date=2017-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105084648/http://www.thenewswriterng.com/?p=4982|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka buga == * ''Mutum da Labari a Afirka'' (1965) * ''Deadarshen ofarshen Adabin Afirka'' (1963) == Duba kuma == * [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * "Society for Research and Academic Excellence". academicexcellencesociety.com. Retrieved 22 April 2014. [[Category:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Category:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5tajqk7tzm47p9us00nwl9f6d06kzrr 0 17550 889340 174607 2026-07-30T11:50:13Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ibibia Opuene Walter''' (an haife shi 8 ga Yuli 1967) masanin ƙasa ne na [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Ribas]], ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan siyasa. Daga 2004 zuwa 2007, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Karamar Hukumar [[Okrika]]. Daga 2013 zuwa 2015, ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Jam’iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama’ar a Jihar Ribas. Walter shine wanda ya kafa kuma babban mai hannun jari na kamfanin Lowpel da Geowaltek Nigeria Limited. Yanzu haka shi ne Kwamishina a Ma’aikatar Sufuri ta Jihar Ribas. == Tarihi == An haifi Walter a garin Isaka, karamar hukumar Okrika ta jihar Ribas ga Chief Livington da Misis Amisodiki Walter. Ya halarci makarantar Isaka ta jihar tsakanin 1972 da 1978. Ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a Okrika Grammar School da Government Sea School daga 1979 zuwa 1983. Daga nan ya koma makarantar koyon ilimin bai-daya ta jihar Ribas a [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]] inda ya yi karatun A-Levels. Ilimin jami'a na Walter ya fara ne da shiga Jami'ar Fatakwal. Ya kammala digirinsa na BSc a fannin ilimin kasa kuma ya samu shaidar babbar difloma. Daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu a kan injiniyanci da sanin al'ummun ruwa daga wannan jami’ar. Walter basarake ne na gargajiya kuma shugaban Pelebo-Nworlu War Canoe House of Isaka. Yana da mata da ‘ya’ya mata biyu, Lolia da Sambi. == Manazarta == http://riversstate.net.ng/government/executive/chief-ibibia-o-walter/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311200059/http://riversstate.net.ng/government/executive/chief-ibibia-o-walter/ |date=2017-03-11 }} https://riversstate.gov.ng/government/executive/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725185532/https://riversstate.gov.ng/government/executive/ |date=2018-07-25 }} 634kvdzzl23j398y2sj95gcjhw2tsov 0 19167 889025 678799 2026-07-29T15:37:13Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Khadijah Hashim''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta alif da Dari tara da arba'in da biyu(1942) a cikin gundumar Batu Pahat, Jahar, Kasar [[Maleziya|Malaysia]] ) marubuciya ce, malama kuma ’yar jarida a Malaysia. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malama sannan kuma a matsayin 'yar jarida tare da jaridun cikin gida Utusan Melayu a shekara ta (1974-1976) da Berita Harian a shekara ta (1976-1985). An fi saninta da marubuta, kuma ta samar da litattafai 19. Ta kuma faɗaɗa kirkirarta a fagen gajerun labarai, rubutun wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo , littattafan yara, waƙoƙi da shayari. An kuma zabi littafin waka na yara "Sayang Sayang" don ya kasance a cikin jerin sunayen girmamawa na kwamitin kasa da kasa kan littattafan matasa (IBBY) a Basel, [[Switzerland]] a shekara ta dubu biyu da biyu(2002) da kuma "Semerbak Poetry" a [[Macau]], China a shekara ta dubu biyu da shida (2006). Khadijah ta ci gaba da sha'awar burinta a rubuce, wanda ya haifar da sabuwar fasahar "Putera-puteri Malaysia". == Wallafa == Da yawa daga cikin gajeren labarai da litattafan Khadijah sun dace da wasan kwaikwayo na TV. <ref>[http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2008/6/13/central/21511085&sec=central The Star Online June 13, 2008]</ref> Daga cikinsu akwai "Mawar Merah di Jambangan", "Sekapur Sirih Segeluk Air", "Ditepi Pagar", da "Badai Semalam" da "Dekat Disayang Jauh Dikenang". Littafin "Laila Azwa Gadisku" ya dace da fim din talabijin. A halin yanzu, an shirya litattafan "Mira Edora" da "Pelangi Pagi" a fina-finan finafinai tare da taken "Mira Edora" da "Bicara Hati" bi da bi. <ref>[http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20090530-144919.html The News Straits Time, May 30, 2009]</ref> Na farko kuma ɗayan sanannen sananniyar tatsuniyarta "Badai Semalam" a shekara ta (1968) an kuma yi amfani da ita azaman littafin makaranta a [[Singafora|Singapore]] da Malaysia. <ref>Alaf21, Biodata Penulis, Badai Semalam, 2006</ref> An fassara labari zuwa Turanci, "Storms of jiya", na Mahani Abdul Hamid a shekara ta( 1991) da Spanish, "Tormentos del ayer", na Alberto Balanza da Yahia a cikin shekara ta( 2010) . "Badai Semalam" an sake buga shi sau da yawa kuma na baya-bayan nan ya kasance a cikin shekara ta (2006) ta Alaf (21) a cikin silsilar sabon labari. Hakanan an sake buga fassarar Ingilishi a shekara ta (2009) ta Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia a ƙarƙashin Sashin Adabin Malaysian. <ref>[http://www.itnm.com.my Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia's web page]</ref> Littafin "Merpati Putih Terbang Lagi" ya sami kyautar ta'aziya a gasar rubutu a bikin cikar Malaysia shekaru goma da samun 'yanci. Hakanan Tatsun Hoshino ya fassara littafin zuwa Jafananci. An kuma zaɓi littafin "Exiled" don kyautar lambar yabo ta adabin Dublin ta Duniya a shekara ta 1997. Littafin nata mai suna "Langkah Pertama" ya lashe lambar yabo ta Littafin Yara na Mobil-MABOPA a shekara ta 1995. Khadijah ita ce ta sami kyautar Marubutan Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya a cikin shekara ta 1999 kuma ta yi aikin Rubuta Tsarin Duniya a Jami'ar [[Iowa]] a shekara ta 1994. Jerin littafin labarin yayanta, "Siri Lagenda", "Siri Aura dan Fauna" da "Siri Teladan dari Rimba" an fassara su zuwa Ingilishi daga Cibiyar Terjemahan Negara Malaysia a shekara ta (2009). == Littattafai == * Badai Semalam, Singapura: Pustaka Nasional, 1968, 201 shafuka. * Jalan ke Kubur, Singapura: Pustaka Nasional, 1969, 139 shafuka. * Pelangi pagi, Johor Baru, Penerbitan Penamas Malaysia, 1971, 133 shafuka. * Merpati Putih Terbang lagi, [[Kuala Lumpur]]: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1972, shafuka 289. * Belum Masanya, Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Utusan Melayu (M) Bhd., 1976, shafuka 96. * Di Tengah Kabus, Singapura: Pustaka Nasional, 1980, shafuka 123. * Bila dan di Mana, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1981, shafuka 199. * Mira Edora, Kuala Lumpur: K Buga Sdn Bhd, 1984 * Dekat Disayang Jauh Dikenang, Petaling Jaya: `` K 'Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 1984, shafuka 133. * Laila Azwa Gadisku, Kuala Lumpur: `` K 'Bugawa da Rarraba Sdn. Bhd., 1986, shafuka 144. * Cinta Kedua, Kuala Lumpur: `` K 'Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 1989 * Alun Hidup, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Rarrabawa, 1990, shafuka 217. * Di Ruangmu Aku di Sini, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Rarrabawa, 1992 * Ke Mana Kasih Hendak Dibawa, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Rarrabawa, 1993, shafuka 133. * Melawan Arus, 'K' Buguwa & Masu Rarrabawa, 1993, shafuka 229. * Sanata Adila, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa da Rarrabawa 1993 * Langkah Pertama, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Rarrabawa, 1994, shafuka 126. * Fasa Kedua, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Rarrabawa, 1995 * Mencari Azizah, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Rarrabawa, 1998 == Gajerun labarai == * Segeluk Air, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1974, 142 shafuka. * Koleksi Cerpen-cerpen Malaysia (antologi bersama), Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Universiti Malaya, 1977, shafuka 446. * Cerpen-cerpen ASEAN (antologi bersama), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1978, 279 pages. * Aku Anak Menteri, Petaling Jaya: Penerbitan Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd. 1980, Shafuka 73. * Batas Menanti, Kuala Lumpur: Jami'o'in Gabas Latsa (M) Sdn. Bhd., 1982, Shafuka 95. * Hawa (antologi bersama), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1984, shafuka 250. * Angin Senja, Petaling Jaya: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd .. 1985. Shafuka 93. * Bujang Kota, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 1985, shafuka 144. * Dongeng Merdeka (antologi bersama), Petaling Jaya : Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd., 1985, shafuka 339. * Alun Menggulung Perlahan (antologi bersama), Petaling Jaya : Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd., 1986, shafuka 286. * Kasih Entah di Mana, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 2001 * Mawar Merah di Jambagan, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Publishing & Distributor Sdn. Bhd., 2001 == Gajeren Labarin Matasa == * Mawar Merah di Jambangan, Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd., 1979, shafuka 129. * Angin dari Sawah, Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Sdn. Bhd., 1980, Shafuka 95. * Arnizah (Peny. Bersama Othman Puteh) Petaling Jaya: 'K' Buguwa & Masu Rarraba Sdn. Bhd., 1984, shafuka 82. * Malang Tak Berbau (Peny. Bersama Othman Puteh), Petaling Jaya: 'K' Buguwa & Masu Rarraba Sdn. Bhd., 1984, shafuka 54. * Rahsia Gadis Bisu (Peny. Bersama Othman Puteh), Petaling Jaya: 'K' Buguwa & Masu Rarraba Sdn. Bhd., 1984, shafuka 61. == Littattafan labarin yara == * Anak Kucing, Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd., 1983. * Anak Monyet Mati Ibu, Kuala Lumpur: Jami'o'in Gabas ta Tsakiya Press (M) Sdn. Bhd., 1983. * Balik Kampung, Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd., 1983. * Dua Kali Dibedah, Kuala Lumpur: Jami'o'in Gabas Press (M) Sdn. Bhd. 1983. * Hati Nurani Berdebar, Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd., 1983. * Lauk Kenduri, Kuala Lumpur: Jami'o'in Gabas ta Tsakiya Press (M) Sdn. Bhd., 1983. * Sepatu Bola, Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd., 1983. * Tak Susah Sebut 'R', Kuala Lumpur: Jami'o'in Gabas Ta Tsakiya (M) Sdn. Bhd., 1983. * Siri Citra Sang Unggas: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 2009 ** Dendam Helang ** Jalak. . . Ya .. Jalak ** Hati Kera ** Helah Murai ** Gagak Putih * Siri Cerita Rakyat Si Awang: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd. ** Awang dengan Tempayan Buruk ** Awang Lidi Sebatang ** Awang dengan Bapa Burung ** Awang Kenit ** Awang dengan Gergasi * Siri Insan Madani: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., ** Balasan Tsklabah ** 500 Tahun Beribadat ** Allah Pencipta Alam ** Pembukaan Kota Makkah ** Kasih Sejati * Siri Kembara Sang Kancil 1: 'K' Publishing & Distributor Sdn. Bhd., ** Sang Bedal yang Bebal ** Buluh Berjasa ** Kepingin Mentimun Muda * Siri Kembara Sang Kancil 2: 'K' Publishing & Distributor Sdn. Bhd., ** Gong Berdengung ** Benkung Bernyawa ** Dendam Belum Berakhir * Siri Kembara Sang Kancil 3: 'K' Publishing & Distributor Sdn. Bhd., ** Sang Bedal Tak Berbudi ** Mati Hidup Semula ** Kula da Berbisa * Siri Kembara Sang Kancil 4: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., ** Kenduri Besar ** Cikgu Sang Kancil ** Langit Nak Runtuh * Siri Kembara Sang Kancil 5: 'K' Publishing & Distributor Sdn. Bhd., ** Kecundang Sudahnya ** Bakal Pengantin ** Hidangan istimewa * Siri Legenda: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., ** Si Tanggang ** Batu Belah Batu Bertangkup ** Badang ** Puteri Gunung Ledang ** Bawang Putih Bawang Merah, Kuala Lumpur * Siri Teladan dari Rimba: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., ** Helah Si Bangau Tua ** Singa Mai Cin Ganyayyaki ** Jasa Tikus dan Semut Hitam ** Burung Hantu Tertipu ** Gajah dan Ular Buta * Siri Aura Fauna, 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 2008 ** Semut Melancong ke Pulau Pinang ** Sedap Rumput Enak Lagi Lobak ** Rama-rama Nakal ** Itik dan Buaya ** Mencari Damai * Siri Sukabaca, 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 2010 ** Angsa Berjasa ** Arnab Buta ** Misi Katak ke Angkasa ** Ikan Emas Mangsa Banjir ** Atungiyar Anjing [[Manja]] si Kucing * Mafi Kyawun Labari da Aka Fada Game da Jerin: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., ** Yaro da Kato ** Yaro daga Kwakwa ** Yaro da aku ** Yaron Da Ya Ci Jarabawa ** Yaron Da Bai Iya [[Rago]] Gatarin ba * Siri Pantun Kanak-kanak : 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., ** Mari Berpantun 1 ** Mari Berpantun 2 ** Mari Berpantun 4 == Waka == * 808 Pantun Baru, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 1997 * 1001 Pantun Baru, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 1999 * Mastika Warisan, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 2005 * 1010 Pantun Baru, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 2010 == Tarin Littattafan Matasa == * Cerdik Tak Berakal (Peny. ), Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 1985, shafuka 87. * Ibuku Sayang (Peny. ) Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 1985, shafuka 90. * Sayang Telani (Peny. ), Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 1985, shafuka. == Waka == * Semerbak Puisi, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 2004 * Dua Dimensi Khadijah Hashim (sajak dan lukisan berus Cina), Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Publishing & Distributor Sdn. Bhd., 2008 * Puisi Tunas Bangsa, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Raba Sdn. Bhd., 2008 * Putera-puteri Malaysia, 'K' Publishing & Distributor Sdn. Bhd., 2010 == Nazarin == * Panduan Menulis Skrip Drama Radio, Kuala Lumpur: 'K' Bugawa & Masu Rarrabawa, a shekara ta 1986, shafuka 136. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722232911/http://dbp.gov.my/lamandbp/main.php?Content=articles&ArticleID=851&IID= Khadijah Hashim di DBP.] * [http://k-publishing.com.my/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225135454/http://k-publishing.com.my/ |date=2021-02-25 }} [[Category:Haifaffun 1942]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutane daga johor]] [[Category:'Yan jarida]] [[Category:'Yan jaridan maleshiya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lg45v9bnz80pdcovl3izy4ari7zsxbc 0 19957 889331 541072 2026-07-30T11:15:11Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 889331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mumbai ta Tsakiya''' (a da '''Bombay ta Tsakiya''', lambar tashar: '''MMCT''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Station Code Index |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/pdf/Station_code.pdf|website=Portal of Indian Railways |access-date=29 April 2019 |page=46 |date=2015}}</ref> ita ce babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa a layin Yammaci, wanda yake a [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] a yankin da aka sani da suna iri ɗaya. Yana aiki azaman babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa na gida da kuma na cikin gari-City / Express tare da wasu dandamali daban don su. Hakanan filin jirgin ƙasa ne don jiragen ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Mumbai Rajdhani Express . Ita ce ɗayan manyan tashoshin Terminal biyar a cikin Mumbai yayin da wasu ke kasancewa Mumbai CST, Mumbai LTT, Mumbai BDTS da Mumbai Dadar . Jiragen ƙasa sun tashi daga tashar da ke haɗa wurare da yawa galibi a cikin jihohin arewa, yamma da arewa maso yammacin sassan Indiya. An sauya tashar daga ''Bombay Central'' zuwa ''Mumbai Central'' a shekarar 1997, biyo bayan canjin Bombay zuwa Mumbai . A cikin shekara ta 2018, an zartar da ƙuduri don canza lambar tashar zuwa ''MMCT'', tare da aiwatarwa yana gudana. [[File:BCT5.JPG|right|thumb| Ganin ciki na tashar tashar mota ta Mumbai]] == Tarihi == Masanin gine-ginen Burtaniya Claude Batley ne ya tsara shi, kuma Shapoorji Pallonji ya gina shi a cikin 1930 a cikin rikodin lokacin watanni 21. An kashe aikin cikin INR miliyan 15.6. <ref name="cyruslegacy">{{cite news|author=Nauzer K Bharucha|date=25 November 2011|title=Cyrus Mistry's entrepreneurial legacy|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-11-25/news/30441106_1_pallonji-mistry-spcl-cyrus-mistry|access-date=19 March 2012|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826075552/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-11-25/news/30441106_1_pallonji-mistry-spcl-cyrus-mistry|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lokacin da aka buɗe tashar a cikin 1930, ''The Times of India ta'' ba da shawarar cewa sunan Bombay Central ya samo asali ne daga Grand Central Terminal a cikin [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]]. Jaridar tayi jayayya cewa ya kamata ace ana kiran tashar Kamathipura, bayan yankin da take. Takardar ta nuna cewa mai yiwuwa ba a cire sunan Kamathipura ba, saboda yankin yanki ne mai haske da haske . Bombay, Baroda da Railway na Indiya ta Tsakiya sun faɗaɗa isa daga Baroda zuwa Pathankot ta hanyar Delhi . Tashar jirgin kasa ta Colaba-Ballard Pier ba ta wadatar ba wajen biyan bukatun karuwar jama'a wanda ya sa gwamnatin ta yi shirin gina Bombay ta Tsakiya. Hanyar kewayen birni wanda ya taba gudu har zuwa Colaba ya kasance tashar tashar Bellasis. An sake canza sunan zuwa Bombay Central (na gida) bayan an gina dogon Bombay Central Terminus (BCT) a gefen gabas. A ranar 1 ga watan Feb shekara ta 2018, an zartar da ƙuduri don canza lambar tashar daga BCT zuwa MMCT. == Kayan more rayuwa == === Dandamali da shimfidawa === Tashar ta kasu kashi biyu. Rabin gabashin tashar yana ba da jiragen kasa masu nisa wadanda Western Railways ke aiki yayin da rabin yamma ke ba da jiragen kasa da ke zirga-zirga a kan titin Churchgate - Virar na kewayen birni na Western Railways. Babban layin yana da manyan dandamali guda biyar masu ƙarewa a cikin babban taro a ƙarshen kudu. Bangaren kewayen birni yana da manyan dandamali huɗu. Duk dandamali an haɗa ta da manyan ƙafafun kafa kuma manyan dandamali ana samun sukunin keken hannu daga ƙarshen kudu. === Tikiti da ajiyar wuri === Babban Cibiyar Ajiyar fasinjoji tare da tagogin tikiti da yawa suna gefen gabas na babbar tashar tashar. Tikiti tsakanin kowane tashoshi biyu a Indiya akan kowane jirgin da ke ba da masauki za'a iya siye shi daga wannan wurin. Akwai ersididdigar Ticket da yawa waɗanda ba a kiyaye su ba a cikin babban filin taron don siyan tikiti mara izini don tafiya kai tsaye kan jiragen kasa da ke jigilar fasinjoji daga Mumbai Central. Kofofin yamma da kudu na ɓangaren kewayen tashar tashar suna da tagogin tikiti don siyan tikiti don tafiya akan jiragen ƙasa na kewayen birni. Hakanan ana iya siyan tikitin jirgin ƙasa na cikin gari daga injunan sayar da tikiti na atomatik (ATVMs) wanda yake a wurare da yawa a cikin harabar tashar. === Abinci da sauran kayan aiki === Kungiyoyin da ke gefen babban layi suna da hanyar gidan abinci na Rajdhani waɗanda ke ba da ingantaccen abincin Kasar Indiya. Bellasis Rail Café a Mumbai Central yana kan hawa na farko kusa da Bellasis Road overbridge wanda ke haɗa tashar tashar Mumbai kusa da ofishin ajiyar kudu. Ana samun abubuwa a cikin wannan cafe ɗin a cikin fakiti na abinci, tare da shirye don ɗaukar kayan aiki. Akwai shaguna da yawa a cikin filin taron kuma a dandamali na kewayen birni waɗanda ke ba da burodi, kwakwalwan kwamfuta, ruwan kwalba da ruwan sha mai sanyi (soda). Akwai shagunan littattafai a cikin babban filin taron kuma a dandamali na kewayen birni masu sayar da jaridu, mujallu da sauran kayan karatu. Hakanan ana samun jadawalin jirgin ƙasa a rumfunan littafin. Akwai dakunan wanka (bandakuna) a cikin kwalliyar da ke gefen babban layi. === Lambuna === Akwai lambuna biyu da suke a wajen tashar. Ofayan daga cikin lambunan yana da locomotive mai tarihi, wanda aka fi sani da "Littlearamin jan doki". Kamfanin Kerr Stuart da Co. na Ingila ne suka gina locomotive a shekara ta 1928. Injin din ya yi aiki a layin Jirgin Kasa na Devgarh-Baria, wanda mallakar Yariman Jihar Devgarh-Baria. Layin ya hade zuwa Bombay, Baroda da Central [[Indiya|India]] Railway (BB&CI) a watan Agustan shekara ta 1949, daga baya kuma ya zama wani bangare na Railway Western. Injin ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 61, kafin a sauya shi zuwa wurin bitar Pratapnagar don farautar ayyuka a shekara ta 1990. An sanya shi a lambun da ke gaban tashar Mumbai ta Tsakiya a shekara ta 1991 don tunawa da jubili na platinum. RailTel, kamfanin sadarwa na layin dogo na Indiya, a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2016 ya ƙaddamar da sabis na Wi-Fi na jama'a kyauta a tashar tashar Mumbai tare da haɗin gwiwar Google. "Muna farin cikin ƙaddamar da sabis ɗin Wi-Fi na jama'a mai sauri na Indiya tare da haɗin gwiwar Railways na Indiya", Google South East Asia da Indiya VP & Manajan Darakta Rajan Anandan ya ce. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Tashar jirgijin kasa]] [[Category:Tashoshin Jirgin Kasa a Kasar indiya]] [[Category: Indiya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0cjfs7tj6j7oyhl2cbmsc26ywjlulzh 0 20079 889317 311692 2026-07-30T08:55:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paul Sein Twa''' Karen ne - mai rajin kare muhalli a Myanmar. Ya lashe Kyautar Muhalli ta Goldman a shekara ta, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paul Sein Twa|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/paul-sein-twa/|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Goldman Environmental Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-01|title=Saw Paul Sein Twa Wins Goldman Environmental Prize|url=http://karennews.org/2020/12/saw-paul-sein-twa-wins-goldman-environmental-prize/|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Karen News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Myanmar: Land rights defender Paul Sein Twa wins 2020 Goldman Environmental Prize for Asia|url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/myanmar-land-rights-defender-paul-sein-twa-wins-2020-goldman-environmental-prize-for-asia/|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Myanmar's Paul Sein Twa receives Goldman Environmental Prize 2020|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/myanmars-paul-sein-twa-receives-goldman-environmental-prize-2020/|access-date=2021-04-26|language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta, 2018, ya kirkiro Salween Peace Park.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-31|title=A Visit with Conservationist and Indigenous Karen Leader Paul Sein Twa|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/blog/a-visit-with-conservationist-and-indigenous-karen-leader-paul-sein-twa/|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Goldman Environmental Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=Prize-winning Myanmarese activist Paul Sein Twa on a park for peace -|url=https://oasis.kr-asia.com/paul-sein-twa|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Oasis_KrASIA|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125033247/https://oasis.kr-asia.com/paul-sein-twa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-04|title=Paul Sein Twa, co-founder of KESAN and Salween Peace Park in Myanmar, receives Goldman Environmental Prize 2020|url=https://www.iucn.org/news/asia/202012/paul-sein-twa-co-founder-kesan-and-salween-peace-park-myanmar-receives-goldman-environmental-prize-2020|access-date=2021-04-26|website=IUCN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-26|title=In Myanmar, Paul Sein Twa Helps Establish a Peace Park|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/myanmar-paul-sein-twa-helps-establish-peace-park|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Sierra Club|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428134156/https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/myanmar-paul-sein-twa-helps-establish-peace-park|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kwamitin Majalisar Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICCA Consortium|url=https://www.iccaconsortium.org/index.php/people/paul-sein-twa/|access-date=2021-04-26|website=ICCA Consortium|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sJvVUezbE0 Paul Sein Twa, 2020 Goldman Environmental Prize, Myanmar] 1qi1cfqng4zw8jmlw47udg8w1z4y45h 0 21445 889159 725904 2026-07-29T20:03:25Z Pretty Fulani 44366 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354886396|Rivers State Ministry of Budget and Economic Planning]]" 889159 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ma'aikatar Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki ita ce ma'aikatun gwamnati ta [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Rivers, Najeriya]] da ke da alhakin tsara abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a tattalin arziki da shirye-shiryen gwamnati da kuma hanyoyin aiwatarwa, tare da la'akari da inganta [[Matsayin Rayuwa|yanayin rayuwa]] da kuma ingancin rayuwar 'yan ƙasa. Ma'aikatar tana kuma kula da "shirya kasafin kuɗin shekara-shekara na Jihar Rivers tare da tabbatar da cewa aiwatar da kasafin kuɗi ya yi daidai da manufofin gwamnatin jihar."<ref name="budget1">{{Cite web |title=Challenges of the Niger Delta Identified |url=http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/203-challenges-of-the-niger-delta-identified.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025819/http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/203-challenges-of-the-niger-delta-identified.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2015 |publisher=Government of Rivers State}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin ma'aikatun gwamnati na Jihar Rivers == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} ilyelbgceurpenqrb0psiguzrfpzr60 889161 889159 2026-07-29T20:03:50Z Pretty Fulani 44366 889161 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Ma'aikatar Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki ita ce ma'aikatun gwamnati ta [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Rivers, Najeriya]] da ke da alhakin tsara abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a tattalin arziki da shirye-shiryen gwamnati da kuma hanyoyin aiwatarwa, tare da la'akari da inganta [[Matsayin Rayuwa|yanayin rayuwa]] da kuma ingancin rayuwar 'yan ƙasa. Ma'aikatar tana kuma kula da "shirya kasafin kuɗin shekara-shekara na Jihar Rivers tare da tabbatar da cewa aiwatar da kasafin kuɗi ya yi daidai da manufofin gwamnatin jihar."<ref name="budget1">{{Cite web |title=Challenges of the Niger Delta Identified |url=http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/203-challenges-of-the-niger-delta-identified.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025819/http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/203-challenges-of-the-niger-delta-identified.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2015 |publisher=Government of Rivers State}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin ma'aikatun gwamnati na Jihar Rivers == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 692344w924fgnw2l15idmts3sl19g2c 889162 889161 2026-07-29T20:04:06Z Pretty Fulani 44366 Manazarta 889162 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Ma'aikatar Kasafin Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki ita ce ma'aikatun gwamnati ta [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Rivers, Najeriya]] da ke da alhakin tsara abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a tattalin arziki da shirye-shiryen gwamnati da kuma hanyoyin aiwatarwa, tare da la'akari da inganta [[Matsayin Rayuwa|yanayin rayuwa]] da kuma ingancin rayuwar 'yan ƙasa. Ma'aikatar tana kuma kula da "shirya kasafin kuɗin shekara-shekara na Jihar Rivers tare da tabbatar da cewa aiwatar da kasafin kuɗi ya yi daidai da manufofin gwamnatin jihar."<ref name="budget1">{{Cite web |title=Challenges of the Niger Delta Identified |url=http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/203-challenges-of-the-niger-delta-identified.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025819/http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/203-challenges-of-the-niger-delta-identified.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2015 |publisher=Government of Rivers State}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin ma'aikatun gwamnati na Jihar Rivers == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nzk9j3p0quzb4s1yiuonx999amgceaz 4 21908 889188 888761 2026-07-29T21:26:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 889188 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:HaileyChoi9|HaileyChoi9]] |[[Special:Contributions/HaileyChoi9|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn|Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Amazingaljicrowley3679|Amazingaljicrowley3679]] |[[Special:Contributions/Amazingaljicrowley3679|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Lysandery|Lysandery]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lysandery|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Lokacinda|Lokacinda]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lokacinda|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |6 |[[User:GinawaSaHapon|GinawaSaHapon]] |[[Special:Contributions/GinawaSaHapon|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Iishaqman|Iishaqman]] 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|[[Special:Contributions/TracyMcClark|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 29 ga Yuli 2026 |- |51 |[[User:Theorolyst|Theorolyst]] |[[Special:Contributions/Theorolyst|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 29 ga Yuli 2026 |- |52 |[[User:Aminukutama|Aminukutama]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aminukutama|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 29 ga Yuli 2026 |- |53 |[[User:User01938|User01938]] |[[Special:Contributions/User01938|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 29 ga Yuli 2026 |- |} mkbw7qsofri2tc3rqz7b97vd4ivq96o 0 22227 888915 863393 2026-07-29T12:24:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Na'ima B Robert''' (an haife ta a '''Thando Nomhle McLaren''' ; ranar 19 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1977) marubuciya ce ta wallafe-wallafen al'adu da yawa kuma edita ce ta buga mujallar mata Musulmai mazauna Burtaniya, ''SISTERS Magazine'' . An haife ta a [[Leeds]] ga mahaifinsa ɗan Scotland kuma mahaifiyarsa Zulu, dukansu daga Afirka ta Kudu, Robert ya girma a Zimbabwe kuma ya halarci jami'a a Ingila. Ta [[Musulunci|musulunta ne]] a shekara tar 1998. A halin yanzu Robert yana raba lokacinta tsakanin birnin London da Alkahira tare da sonsa sonsanta maza uku da mata biyu. Mijinta Henry Amankwah ya mutu a watan Afrilu shekarar 2015. == Rayuwar farko == Iyalin Na'ima B. Robert sun ƙaura daga Ingila zuwa Habasha lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu sannan kuma shekaru huɗu daga baya suka koma Zimbabwe inda Robert ya sami karatun firamare. Robert ya kasance yana da matsakaiciyar yarinya tare da ƙannenta da ƙanwarsa a cikin ƙauyukan babban birnin [[Harare]] . Baya ga nutsuwa cikin al'adun Zimbabwe, iyayen Robert sun cusa wa yaran asalinsu na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma wayewar siyasa. {{Sfn|Robert|2005}} Mahaifinta, Robert McLaren, ya kasance babban malami a Jami’ar Zimbabwe kuma mahaifiyarsa, Thembi McLaren, ’yar kasuwa ce. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a Zimbabwe, Robert ta koma Ingila don karatun jami'a kuma ya sami digiri na farko a Jami'ar London . == Juyawa == A lokacin karatunta na jami'a Na'ima B. Robert ta yi tafiya zuwa Masar a matsayin mawaƙiya kuma mai raira waƙoƙin gargajiya ta Zimbabwe a wani bikin kiɗe-kiɗe. Abinda ta fara yi game da ''hijabi da'' mata musulmai ya kamata ta "firgita" amma daga karshe ta tambayi wata kyakkyawar mace 'yar kasar Egypt me yasa zata zabi rufe kyawunta:' Saboda, 'in ji ta,' Ina son a yanke min hukunci game da abin da na fada da abin da nake yi, ba don yadda nake kama ba. " {{Sfn|Robert|2005}} Bayan musayar su Na'ima B. Robert ta ce," Na fara tunani game da rayuwata, game da hoton kaina da yadda nake son in girma da ci gaba. " Na'ima B. Robert ta koma Landan ta fara karatun [[Al Kur'ani|Kur'ani]] na Marmaduke Pickthall, tana koyo game da addinin Islama da [[Shari'a|shari'ar Musulunci]], kuma ta ba da "suturar da ta dace ta gwada." {{Sfn|Robert|2005}} A cikin Kirsimeti biki da cewa wannan shekarar Robert tafiya zuwa "Muslim Afirka, to Guinea" inda ta gano cewa, "Kamar yadda wani har yanzu steeped a cikin akida na Black kishin kasa, wadannan musulmi kira ga kaina Afirka ainihi da kuma ta hankali na Black girman kai . " {{Sfn|Robert|2005}} A Guinea Robert ta fara yin salloli biyar na musulinci, yayi azumi a watan Ramadan sannan bayan ta dawo Landan ta sanar da ''[[shahada]]'' (bayyana addinin Musulunci) a shekarar 1998. == Writing career == === Almara === Bayan koyarwa a aji kuma ta kafa makarantar gida mai zaman kansa, Robert ya fara rubuta littattafan hoto na al'adu da dama tare da [[Musulmi|jigogin musulmai]] ga yara. Littafinta na hoto na farko, ''The Swirling Hijab'', an saka shi cikin shirin Booktrust . Littattafan hoto na Na'ima B. Robert da almara na samari sun sami ɗaukaka kara don karɓar shigar da su cikin tsarin jihar, kamar makarantu da horar da al'adu iri daban-daban, kuma an yarda da su a matsayin tatsuniyoyin Islama a tsakanin Musulmi. {{Sfn|East Sussex|2008}} {{Sfn|Khwaja|2009|}} A yau ta buga littattafan hoto goma sha uku don yara, da yawa ana amfani da su a cikin saitunan yare biyu kuma ana buga su a cikin harsuna 31, da suka haɗa da Tamil, Kurdish, Portuguese, Japanese, Russian, Yoruba, Czech, Larabci, Yaren mutanen Poland, China, Urdu, Panjabi, Faransanci, Swahili da kuma Farisi. ''An ba da Tafiya Ta Hanyar Islama'' ta theungiyar Trustungiyar Ilimi ta UKasa ta Burtaniya WOW! Kyauta don taken Yarin ya mafi kyau. Bayan nasarar da ta samu a tarihin rayuwarta, ''Daga Leben 'Yan Uwana Mata'', Robert ya fara rubuta samari (YA) tatsuniyar Islama . Littafin ta na YA na farko, ''Daga Somalia, Tare da wasauna'' ya samo asali ne daga ƙarshen mako tare da ƙungiyar matasan Somaliya, waɗanda Somaliungiyar Haɗin Haɗin Somaliya suka shirya. {{Sfn|Robert|2008-4|}} ''Daga Somalia, Tare da isauna'' ɗayan thean litattafan da ake samu tare da haruffa da batutuwa Musulmai na Somaliya. {{Sfn|Rawe|2009|}} An saka shi a cikin kundin makaranta na ranar Littattafai na Duniya na shekara ta 2009 kuma an daɗe da jerin sunayen don Associationungiyar Liteungiyar Ilimi da Ilimin Kingdomasar Ingila . Robert na biyu YA labari, ''Yaro vs.'' ''Yarinya'', ta kalubalanci samfuran da aka saba da su game da matasa Musulmai a Biritaniya kuma ta fito da fitowar mai zane -zanen zane-zanen Musulunci na Urban Muhammed 'Aerosol Arabic' Ali. {{Sfn|Ahmed|2010|}} taken Robert na na uku YA, ''Far Daga Gida'', almarar tatsuniya ce ta tarihi da aka saita a Zimbabwe kuma an nuna ta a cikin bikin Fitowa na Fage na shekara ta 2011 a Landan. A cikin shekarar 2005 wakili Robert ta ƙarfafa ta ta rubuta tarihin rayuwar wanda ya zama fitacciyar Musulma ta ƙasa da ƙasa ''Daga psan Uwana Mata'' . Baya ga zama abin tunawa, ''Daga bakin 'Yan Uwana Mata'' ya hada da labarin wasu da yawa da suka tuba kuma suka koma ga addinin Musulunci, ''"[Daga Lebukan' Yan Uwana Mata] a'' bayyane yake bayanin yadda ake juyawa daga ra'ayi na farko ta hanyar juyawa, hijabi, da hanyar aure a musulunce. Yana buɗe ƙofofi don hanyoyin tunani na sirri da gwagwarmaya waɗanda ke fuskantar sabbin musulmai kuma yana sa mai wuyar fahimta har ma da ban dariya. ''Daga Leben 'Yan Uwana Mata'' an fassara kuma an buga su cikin Larabci. Kamar yadda suka kafa kuma editan mujallar mata ta Musulmai ta ''SISTERS da'' ke zaune a Burtaniya, Robert da wadanda suka ba da gudummawar mujallar sun himmatu wajen magance batutuwan da ba a yarda da su ba a tsakanin al'ummar Musulmai, kamar cin zarafin yara, zubar da ciki, tashin hankali a cikin gida, bakin ciki da kuma al'amura na ganin girman kai a tsakanin Matan musulmai. Robert ya bada goyan baya da kuma kulla kawance tsakanin mujallar SISTERS da kuma kungiyoyin kungiyoyin musulmai da yawa, kamar su Mercy Mission UK, Solace, Nour DV, The Muslim Youth Helpline and Rabin Date. Baya ga rubuta edita na kowane bugun ''mujallar SISTERS'', Robert yana rubuta labarai game da addinin Islama da kuma alamura da suka shafi musulmi, kamar Ramadan, ranakun hutu na musulmai, hijabi (gyale na Musulunci) da niqāb (fuskar fuskar Musulunci) don manyan wallafe-wallafe, gami da ''The Times'' Online, ''Jaridar The Times'', da ''The Observer'' . Robert ya yi magana da masu sauraro game da batutuwan da suka shafi Musulmi a ''ranar Lahadi da safe ta'' BBC, ''Sa’ar Mata'', Rediyon London, Channel 5, ''Newsnight'', BBC Asian Network, GMT tare da Lorraine Kelly, da kuma ''The Moral Maze na'' BBC Radio 4. A shekarar 2014 ta kaddamar da taken Yabo mai matukar karbuwa, ''She Wore Red Trainers'', labarin soyayya wanda ya gano asalin Musulmai. == Niqāb == Robert is a full-time observer of the ''niqāb'' (Islamic face-veil) and a vocal advocate for women's right to choose to fully cover. Soon after becoming Muslim in 1998 Robert began to wear the niqāb full-time in 1999. In her memoir, ''From My Sisters' Lips'', Robert explained the effect of wearing niqāb, "[The covered woman] cannot be judged on her appearance because nothing personal about her can be seen...She does not feel the need to live up to society's changing expectations of women's bodies...So whoever relates to her must relate to what she has presented – be it what she says, does or thinks."{{Sfn|Robert|2005}} Robert is one of the founding members of Veiled Justice and has represented the East London Mosque on Muslim women's issues. She has spoken in support of the niqāb in numerous British media, including ''The Telegraph'', BBC News, ''The Times Online'', BBC Radio 4's ''The Moral Maze'' and Channel 4's ''Undercover Mosque'' series; as well as speaking to Muslim and international media outlets, such as for Islam Channel and AIM TV.{{Sfn|Sawyer|2006|}}{{Sfn|Suleaman|2007|}} {{Sfn|Bryony|2005|}}{{Sfn|Channel 4|2008|}} Robert's saurayin kirkirarren labarin almara ne ''Boy vs.'' ''Yarinya ta'' hada da halin sanya niqabi, Anti Najma. Halin na Auntie Najma ya kasance an soki lamirin ta da kyau kuma mai kyau a matsayin mai nuna hoto mara kyau ko a matsayin kyakkyawan abin koyi ga matasa musulmai. {{Sfn|Umm Imran|2009|}} Robert ya ce Anti Najma, kamar sauran halayen, haɗakar 'yan'uwa mata ne da ta sani da kaina. {{Sfn|Saya|2010|}} == Bibliography == === Littattafan hoto === * ''Hijaab mai lilo'' (Mantra Lingua, 2002, takarda)   * ''Tafiya Ta Hanyar Muslunci'' (Mantra Lingua, 2005, mai rufin asiri)   * ''Barka da zuwa Jaririn Duniya'' (Mantra Lingua, 2005, paperback)   * ''Yum!'' ''Mu Ci!'' (Mantra Lingua, 2008, takarda)   * ''Watan Ramadan'' (Frances Lincoln, 2009, mai rufin asiri)   === An buga shi a matsayin Thando McLaren === * ''Haruffa A Duk Duniya'' (Littattafan Tango, 2004, mai rufin asiri)   * ''Duk Gidajen Gida'' (Littattafan Tango, 2005, mai rufin asiri)   * ''My Day, My Way'' (Littattafan Tango, 2005, masu rufin asiri)   * ''Duk nau'ikan sufuri'' (Littattafan Tango, 2006, mai rufin asiri)   * ''Farautar Kasuwanci: Tafiya a Lokaci'' (Littattafan Tango, 2008, mai kwalliya)   * ''My Around the World Scrapbook'' (Tango Books, 2008, mai rufin asiri)   === Young adult fiction === * ''Daga Somalia, tare da Loveauna'' (Frances Lincoln, 2009, takarda)   * ''Yaro vs.'' ''Yarinya'' (Frances Lincoln, 2010, takarda)   * ''Nesa Daga Gida'' (Frances Lincoln, 2011, paperback)   * ''Black Tumaki'' (2013) * ''Ta Ci Red Masu Koyarwa: Labarin Soyayyar Musulmai'' (Kube Publishing Ltd, 2014, paperback)   === Ba-almara === * ''Daga Leben 'Yan Uwana Mata'' (Bantam Press, 2005, hardcover)   == Bayanan kula ==   == Manazarta == * Ahmed, Yusuf (26 Oktoba 2010), ''[http://www.campusalam.org/contributions/2010/Sep/01/wanted-role-models.html Wanda ake nema: Matsayi a Matsayi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031061708/http://www.campusalam.org/contributions/2010/Sep/01/wanted-role-models.html |date=2016-10-31 }}'', [http://www.campusalam.org/ Campus Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027051046/http://www.campusalam.org/ |date=2016-10-27 }}, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * Bovey Alhakawati, Nicole (29 Afrilu 2007), ''[http://onislam.net/english/reading-islam/living-islam/personal-stories/in-their-own-words/420877.html Nazarin Littafin: Daga]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184926/http://onislam.net/english/reading-islam/living-islam/personal-stories/in-their-own-words/420877.html |date=2021-07-09 }}'' Leben 'Yan Uwana Mata, [http://onislam.net/english/ Kan Musulunci] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602114320/http://www.onislam.net/english/ |date=2011-06-02 }}, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * Channel 4 (2008), ''[http://www.channel4.com/programmes/dispatches/episode-guide/series-24/episode-1 Masallacin Boye]'', Channel 4 Dispatches, an dawo da shi 9 Yuni 2011 * Chowdhury, Lothifa (20 ga Yuni 2008), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120325044359/http://www.somalialove.com/muslimweekly.pdf Tatsuniyar 'yar Somalia]'', Musulma Mako-mako, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * East Sussex County Council Fostering Service (2008), [http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/FC879103-C788-49DA-98D9-751F3C18CE25/0/Blackandethnicminorityfostering.pdf ''Baki da Blackan tsirarun Foan Ra'ayi''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906030754/http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/FC879103-C788-49DA-98D9-751F3C18CE25/0/Blackandethnicminorityfostering.pdf |date=2012-09-06 }}, [http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/childrenandfamilies/childrenincare/fostering/default.htm Susarfafa Susan Majalisar Karamar Hukumar Gabas Sussex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613000451/http://www.eastsussex.gov.uk/childrenandfamilies/childrenincare/fostering/default.htm |date=2015-06-13 }}, an dawo da su 9 Yuni 2011 * Bryony Gordon (25 Afrilu 2005), ''[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3641016/That-Muslim-woman-could-be-happier-than-you....html Cewa Mace Musulma zata Iya Farin Ciki Da Ku]'', The Telegraph, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * Khan, Rahla (19 ga watan Yulin 2010), ''[http://www.a1saudiarabia.com/Theres-way-more-to-the-world-than-Mtv/ Akwai Hanyar da tafi Duniya fiye da MTV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903021913/http://www.a1saudiarabia.com/Theres-way-more-to-the-world-than-Mtv/ |date=2011-09-03 }}'', [http://www.a1saudiarabia.com/ Labaran A1 na Saudi Arabia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202225554/http://www.a1saudiarabia.com/ |date=2020-02-02 }}, da aka dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * Khwaja, Ayman (Satumba 2009, Fitowa ta 60), ''[http://www.emel.com/article?id=85&a_id=1524&c=25 Nazarin Littattafai: Ramadan Moon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713083518/https://www.emel.com/article?id=85&a_id=1524&c=25 |date=2021-07-13 }}'', emel, an dawo da shi 9 Yuni 2011 * Halal Rayuwa (5 ga Afrilu 2008), ''[http://www.islamictube.com/watch/314b1c5817fa45e9f25f/Facing-the-challenges,-savoring-the-triumphs---life-of-a-new Fuskantar Kalubale, Farin Cikin Nasara: Rayuwar Sabon Musulmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313084630/http://www.islamictube.com/watch/314b1c5817fa45e9f25f/Facing-the-challenges,-savoring-the-triumphs---life-of-a-new |date=2012-03-13 }}'', Bidiyon Ummah, an dawo da 10 ga Yuni 2011 * Nour DV ''[http://nour-dv.org.uk/supporters/ Nour DV Masu tallafawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191655/http://www.nour-dv.org.uk/supporters/ |date=2021-07-09 }}'', an dawo da su 10 Yuni 2011 * Rawe, Julie (29 Afrilu 2009), ''[http://muslimvoices.org/book-review-somalia-love/ Nazarin Littafin: Daga Somalia, Tare da Loveauna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109055958/http://muslimvoices.org/book-review-somalia-love/ |date=2017-11-09 }}'', [http://muslimvoices.org/ Muryoyin Musulmai], an dawo da su 9 Yuni 2011 * Robert, Na'ima B. (2006), [https://books.google.com/books?id=ELsWAAAACAAJ&dq=from+my+sisters+lips&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=v8rwTc-zLYKo8APJy6j3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA ''Daga'']{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Bakin 'Yan Uwana Mata, Littattafan Bantam,  , an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * Robert, Na'ima B. (18 Afrilu 2008), ''[http://fromsomalia-withlove.blogspot.com/2008/04/inspiration-in-countryside.html Wahayi a Karkara]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' Daga Somaliya, Tare da Blogaunar Blogspot, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * Robert, Na'ima B. (1 ga Yuni 2008), ''[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/jun/01/britishidentity.islam1?INTCMP=SRCH Haske mai ban mamaki a cikin Talakawa Amma Rayuka masu ban mamaki]'', The Guardian, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * Robert, Na'ima B. (25 Yuli 2008), ''[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article4400089.ece Bayan Mayafin: Littafin Layi na Wata Mace Musulma 'Yar Burtaniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007103403/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article4400089.ece |date=2008-10-07 }}'', The Times Online, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011 * Sawyer, Miranda (22 ga Oktoba 2006), ''[https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2006/oct/22/radio?INTCMP=SRCH Kayan Alatu da Walkin Duck]'', Rediyon Guardian "Moral Maze", an dawo da shi 9 ga Yuni 2011 * Saya (12 Yuli 2010), ''[http://therockpool.wordpress.com/2010/07/12/naima-b-robert-on-boy-vs-girl-and-a-giveaway/#comment-1766 Na'ima B Robert akan 'Boy vs.]'' ''[http://therockpool.wordpress.com/2010/07/12/naima-b-robert-on-boy-vs-girl-and-a-giveaway/#comment-1766 Girl ']'', The Rockpool, an dawo da su 10 Yuni 2011 * ''[http://www.solaceuk.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86&Itemid=27 Ta'aziyya na Taimakawa Ga 'Yan Uwa Mata da ke cikin Wahala]'', an dawo da su 10 Yuni 2011 * Suleaman, Nasreen (5 ga Nuwamba 2006), ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6117480.stm Yadda]'' Amsoshin Ra'ayoyin suka Itsarfafa Tallafinta, Labaran BBC, aka dawo dasu 9 Yuni 2011 * Umm Imran (10 Agusta 2010), ''[http://www.mumandmuslim.com/reviews/194-boy-vs-girl.html Sharhin Littafin: Yaro vs.]{{Dead link|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' ''[http://www.mumandmuslim.com/reviews/194-boy-vs-girl.html Yarinya]{{Dead link|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'', [http://www.mumandmuslim.com/ Mama da Mujallar Musulmai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010205712/http://mumandmuslim.com/ |date=2016-10-10 }}, an sake dawo da su 9 Yuni 2011 == External links == * [https://www.naimarobert.com/ Naima B. Robert shafin yanar gizo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185030/https://www.naimarobert.com/ |date=2021-07-09 }} * [http://sister-magazine.com/ SISTERS Magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129152047/http://sister-magazine.com/ |date=2018-11-29 }} * [http://www.far-from-home.com/ Nesa Da Gida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102224736/http://www.far-from-home.com/ |date=2011-11-02 }} * [http://www.kubepublishing.com/authors/naima-b-robert-7/ Marubucin Tarihi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013447/http://www.kubepublishing.com/authors/naima-b-robert-7/ |date=2017-10-13 }} [[Category:Haifaffun 1977]] oykpz7mylteucdlc3kb0y92fnxm65xl 0 22819 888997 878420 2026-07-29T15:16:35Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 888997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Cibiyar '''kariya''' wata cibiyar [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ce ta matsuguni da horar da matasa, wadda aka tsara don samar wa yara da aka yi watsi da su matsuguni, abinci, tufafi da kuma muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi ilimi a addini, ɗabi'u, kimiyya da horon hannu ko ayyukan masana'antu. Ana samun irin wannan cibiyoyi a yawancin dakunan karatu na [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . Yawanci ana buɗe su ne don karɓar marayu, waɗanda suka yi rashin lafiya, waɗanda suka yi laifi, da yara marasa galihu. Mafi girma, a yanzu, ita ce Kariyar Katolika da ke New York. == Bayani == An kafa makarantun kariya na duniya ko na gyara, ko kuma waɗanda aka fi sani da "makarantun horarwa", a Amurka a farkon kwata na ƙarni na sha tara. A ranar 1 ga Janairu 1825, an buɗe Gidan 'Yan Gudun Hijira da darussa masu dacewa a kan abin da yanzu ake kira Madison Square, [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] . Yara tara, waɗanda suka taru daga tituna, sun kasance a wurin kuma suka kafa cibiyar sabon wurin wanda daga baya ya girma sosai a Tsibirin Randalls . [[Boston]] ta biyo baya da irin wannan cibiyar a 1826; [[Philadelphia]] a 1828; kuma a 1855 an kafa gidan gyaran 'yan mata a Lancaster, [[Massachusetts]] bisa tsarin iyali ko gida, inda aka raba cibiyar zuwa gidaje uku daban-daban na 'yan mata talatin kowannensu, tare da ungozoma uku, duk a ƙarƙashin kulawar babban mai kula da su. A mafi yawan lokuta cibiyoyin jama'a ne, amma a jihohi da dama an ba da jinginar da gyara laifuka gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare ga hukumomin sirri ko na addini. == Tarihi == An kafa San Michéle, cibiyar kare matasa ta farko a Rome a shekarar 1704 ta hannun Paparoma Clement XI . Lokacin da John Howard, mai gyaran gidajen yari na Ingila (1726-90), ya ziyarci makarantar, ya karanta a sama da ƙofar wannan rubutu: "Clement XI, Babban Paparoma, don gyara da ilmantar da matasa masu laifi, don haka waɗanda suka yi wa Gwamnati lahani a lokacin da ba su da aiki, za su iya, idan aka ba su horo da horo sosai, su zama masu amfani a gare ta. A shekarar Alheri ta 1704; na Paparoma, na huɗu". A kan wani dutse mai marmara da aka saka a cikin ɗaya daga cikin bangon ciki, ya ƙara karantawa: "Ba shi da amfani a ɗaure masu laifi da hukunci, sai dai idan kun gyara su ta hanyar ilimi". Wannan ya zama jigon karatun zamani. Fursunonin suna aiki tare da rana a cikin babban zauren inda aka rataye su da manyan haruffa, waɗanda kowa zai iya gani, kalmar Latin ''silentium'', tana nuna cewa dole ne a ci gaba da aikin a shiru. Da dare suna kwana a cikin ɗakuna daban-daban. Wannan tsarin aiki mai alaƙa ko taruwa cikin shiru da rana da kuma rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da dare, wanda, a ƙarƙashin sunan Tsarin Auburn, an yi iƙirarin samun ƙwarewa mai yawa a fannin penology na Amurka, an ƙaddamar da shi a Roma a farkon ƙarni na sha takwas, fiye da shekaru ɗari kafin a fara amfani da hanyar a nan. Wannan limamin cocin ya kafa a haɗe da wannan gidauniyar San Michéle, kotu ta musamman don shari'ar masu laifi 'yan ƙasa da shekaru ashirin, shirin da ya sake bayyana a Kotunan Matasa da aka kafa a Amurka da wasu wurare don shari'ar masu laifi 'yan ƙasa da shekaru (17). == Misalai == === Kariyar Katolika ta New York === [[Fayil:Cottage_and_congregate_institutions_for_children_(IA_cottagecongregat00hartrich).pdf|page=85|thumb|Kariyar Katolika ta New York]] [[Fayil:The_Great_north_side,_or,_Borough_of_the_Bronx,_New_York_(1897)_(14764732012)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Kariyar Katolika ta New York, Bronx, New York (kimanin 1897)]] A wani lokaci, ƙungiyar kare yara ta Katolika ta New York ita ce babbar ƙungiyar kare yara a ƙasar. A tsakiyar shekarun 1860, yara da yawa a birnin New York sun fito ne daga bakin haure da ke zaune a unguwannin da ke fama da rashin lafiya da kuma waɗanda ke fama da cututtuka. Abin da ya ƙara wa talaucin shi ne yadda waɗanda suka mutu sakamakon Yaƙin Basasa suka bar mata da yawa zawarawa da 'ya'yansu ba su da uba. An kafa ƙungiyar "Ƙungiyar Kare Yara Katolika na Roman da ke cikin Birnin New York" a shekarar 1863. === Gidan St. Philip === An buɗe Gidan St. Philip a shekarar 1902 a 417 Broome Street da ke Manhattan a matsayin masauki na wucin gadi ga yara maza waɗanda suka "tsallake daga" gidan Kare. Babban ofishin Kare yana kan titin 415 Broome. Kiristoci 'Yan'uwa ne ke gudanar da shi kuma yana iya ɗaukar kimanin samari 100. A can tsofaffin ɗalibai an taimaka musu da wurin aiki da kuma gidaje ga waɗanda ba su da aikin yi ko marasa gida. Wasu za su ziyarci a ƙarshen mako don amfani da ɗakin karatu ko wuraren nishaɗi. A cewar Rahoton Cibiyoyin Kyautatawa na 1910, samarin Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka sun kasance cikin mazauna 100. === Makarantar Noma ta Lincolndale === A Makarantar Noma ta Lincoln, wata cibiya mai zaman kanta, yaran suna samun horo kan kiwon kiwo da sauran noma. A shekarar 1938, saboda yawan kuɗaɗen makaranta da raguwar mazauna da sauran albarkatu da zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su, an rufe Sashen 'Yan Mata kuma aka mayar da 'yan Samari zuwa cibiyar Lincolndale. An sayar da babban harabar makarantar mai fadin eka 129 ga Kamfanin Inshorar Rayuwa na Metropolitan, wanda ya gina ginin gidaje da aka tsara a wurin. === Sauran kariya === * Bishop Thomas Albert Andrew Becker na Wilmington ne ya kafa St. James' Protection da ke Reybold, Delaware a watan Satumba na 1879 a matsayin gidan marayu ga yara maza. 'Yan'uwan St. Francis na Philadelphia ne ke gudanar da shi. * An kafa Gidan Yara Masu Aiki na St. Paul a shekarar 1887 ta hannun Patrick Feehan, Babban Bishop na Chicago don kula da yara maza masu aiki, 'yan jarida, da kuma masu hidima. An fara gano gidaje na wucin gadi a saman ɗakin karatu na Katolika a titin LaSalle, kusa da Hukumar Kasuwanci. [[Fayil:StMarysPreFire.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayin Makarantar Masana'antu ta St. Mary's ga Maza tun farkon shekarun 1900]] * An buɗe Makarantar Masana'antu ta St. Mary's ga Maza a Birnin Baltimore a shekarar 1866 ta Archdiocese na Baltimore. Makarantar ta kasance a matsayin makarantar marayu da kuma [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ga maza, tana koya musu dabarun rayuwa da aiki. A lokacin, Archbishop Martin Spalding ya nuna buƙatar irin wannan makaranta, kuma ya nemi taimakon ' Yan'uwan Xaverian don taimakawa wajen gudanar da makarantar Archdiocese. Yayin da halartar makarantar ke ƙaruwa, an gina babban ginin dutse na asali na Victorian kuma ana amfani da shi a shekarar 1868. [[Babe Ruth]] ta kasance mazauninta na tsawon shekaru da dama kuma daga baya za ta dawo don ziyartar yaran, duka a nan da kuma a Kariya ta New York. Makarantu makamantan haka sune: a Amurka, a Arlington, [[New Jersey]] (Diocese of Newark); Philadelphia, [[Pennsylvania]]; da [[Utica|Utica, New York]] (Diocese of Syracuse). A Kanada, 4 a Archdiocese of Montreal. A Ingila: ga yara maza, a Walthamstow, Essex; Farnworth, Lancashire; Birkdale, Lancashire da Market Weighton, Yorkshire da kuma ga 'yan mata, a Bristol, Gloucestershire da Liverpool, Lancashire. A Scotland, a Parkhead, Glasgow. A Ireland: ga yara maza, a Glencree, Co. Wicklow, da Philipstown, King's Co.; ga 'yan mata, a Drumcondra, Co. Dublin. == Manazarta == nxax79dsyt2k9cb6mzaso2jegv1cvnr 0 23825 888939 800339 2026-07-29T13:11:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Azeez Adeshina Fashola''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Mayu shekarata alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da casa'in da ɗaya (1991)), wanda aka fi sani da '''Naira Marley''', [[Ɗan Nijeriya|mawaƙin Najeriya]] ne kuma marubuci. An san shi a matsayin shugaban magoya bayan sa mai rikici, wato"Marlians". == Ilimi == A lokacin 11, ya koma Peckham, Kudancin London, Ingila. Marley ta kammala karatun digiri tare da banbancin kasuwanci daga Peckham Academy. Ya kuma karanci dokar kasuwanci a Kwalejin Crossways (yanzu Christ the King Sixth Form College ).<ref>https://www.dateline.ng/naira-marley-fined-for-abuja-concert-during-lockdown/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/art/how-naira-marleys-issa-goal-became-nigerias-world-cup-2018-theme-song |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527045013/https://guardian.ng/art/how-naira-marleys-issa-goal-became-nigerias-world-cup-2018-theme-song/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == === 2014–2018: Fara sana’a === Yayin girma, Naira Marley tana da shirye-shiryen zama MC da mawaƙin murya. Ya fara waka a shekarar ta 2014 bayan ya gano sha’awarsa ga kiɗa kuma abokai na kusa-kusa sun ƙarfafa shi don neman sana’ar kiɗansa. Ya saki waƙar da Max Twigz ya taimaka "Marry Juana" kafin ya sake fitowa EP ''Gotta Dance na farko'' a 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/naira-marley-soapy-soapy-dance-and-the-criticism-pulse-opinion/12jng5k |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2020-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112212953/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/naira-marley-soapy-soapy-dance-and-the-criticism-pulse-opinion/12jng5k |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, ya saki Olamide da [[Lil Kesh]] -mai taimakawa guda "Issa Goal", wanda ya zama taken taken [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Super Eagles]] a gasar [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|cin kofin duniya ta 2018 FIFA]]. An fito da remix na "Issa Goal" a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni 2018; tana da sautin muryoyin Olamide, [[Lil Kesh]], Falz, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da Slimcase.<ref>https://www.sunnewsonline.com/album-review-naira-marley-lord-of-lamba-ep-caps-off-his-unique-year</ref> Naira Marley yana waka da [[Turanci]], [[Pidgin na Najeriya|Pidgin]] da [[Yarbanci]] ; waƙarsa ta haɗu da Afrobeats da hip-hop. Ya kuma samo sunan sa na mataki daga mawaƙan Jamaica [[Bob Marley]], wanda yake burge shi; dreadlocks din sa kuma yabo ne ga mawakin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/listen-naira-marley-features-zlatan-on-am-i-a-yahoo-boy/rhx9tgy |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2020-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112213008/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/listen-naira-marley-features-zlatan-on-am-i-a-yahoo-boy/rhx9tgy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/emo-grae-ft-buju-0903 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-29 |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118191835/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/emo-grae-ft-buju-0903 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.citypeopleonline.com/citypeoplemusicawards-nominees-list-out</ref> === 2019 -present: "Ni IA Yahoo Boy", "Sabulu" da ''Ubangijin Lamba'' === '''Naira Marley''' ya saki da Zlatan -assisted hanya "Am IA Yahoo Boy" a ranar 3 gawatan mayu shekarar 2019, kuma aka kama da tattalin arzikin Laifukan Hukumar (EFCC) cewa wannan rana. Ya saki "Sabulu" a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni, 2019, 'yan kwanaki bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku. A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2020, ya lashe Zaɓin Masu Kallo don "Sabulu" a Kyautar 2020 Soundcity MVP. A ranar 18 ga watan Disamban shekarata 2019, Naira Marley ya saki EP ''Lord na Lamba na biyu'' wanda ya kasance cakuda Afrobeats da hip-hop. EP ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 6 kuma yana nuna masu fasahar baƙi kamar CBlvck, Young John da Mayorkun. Killertunes, Rexxie da Studio Magic ne suka sarrafa sarrafa sa. === Bayanan Marlian === A lokacin "Marlian Fest", wanda aka yi a otal -otal da otel na Eko a ranar 30 gawata Disamban shekarar 2019, Naira Marley ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da alamar rikodin ta Marlian Records kuma ta bayyana CBlvck, Zinoleesky, MohBad da Fabian Blu a matsayin ayyukan sanya hannu. A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2020, Naira Marley ta hau shafin sa na Instagram don bayyana wani aiki a karkashin lakabin sa, mai suna: Emo Grae tare da sabon salo guda daya da na gani mai taken 0903 wanda ke nuna Buju. === 2021: Lokacin Allah shine Mafi Kyawu (GTTB) Album === A ranar 21 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2021, mashahurin mawaƙin da ya lashe lambar yabo ya sanar a cikin wani rubutu da ya yi a shafin sa na Instagram wanda zai tabbatar da cewa zai sauke sabon album. A cewarsa, an yiwa kundin taken 'Lokaci na Allah shine Mafi Kyawu' kuma zai sake shi bayan ya saki faifan bidiyon don waƙar 'COMING'. == Jayayya == A ranar 10 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2019, EFCC ta cafke Naira Marley da abokansa Zlatan, Tiamiu Kayode, Adewunmi Moses, Micheal "Taqueesh" Adenuga da Abubakar Musa. An yi kamen ne kwana guda bayan da ya fitar da faifan bidiyon wakar mai suna "Am IA Yahoo Boy". Bayan kwana biyar, EFCC ta saki Zlatan da wasu uku amma ta tsare Marley a hannun su saboda yawan kwararan hujjoji akan sa. A ranar 16 ga watan Mayu, 2019, EFCC ta gurfanar da shi da laifuka 11 na zamba a gaban babbar kotun tarayya da ke Ikoyi, Legas. A ranar 19 ga watan Mayun shekarata 2019, ya saki guda ɗaya "4 Nights In Ekohtiebo" yayin da yake kurkuku. A ciki, yana magana game da abokan masana'antu, abokan gaba da sauran mutanen da suka yaba shi. A watan Mayun 2019, an gurfanar da shi a gaban Babbar Kotun Tarayya inda ya ce “ba shi da laifi”; an dage sauraron belin na 30 ga watan Mayu 2019. A ranar da ake sauraron belin, Naira Marley ta saki "Me yasa", wakar da ke tare da hoton sa a hannu. A ranar 14 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2019, an sake shi daga gidan yari kwanaki goma sha huɗu bayan da aka ba shi belin ₦ 2,000,000. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ya saki "Sabulu", waƙa game da halayen jima'i na fursunoni da ke tsare. A watan Oktoba na shekarar ta 2019, ya koma Babbar Kotun Tarayya don fuskantar tuhumarsa. Daga baya an dage shari’ar tasa zuwa ranar 27 ga watan watan Fabrairu 2020 bayan wani shedar EFCC ta ba da shaida a kansa. === Umurnin kulle -kulle === Rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya ta tsare shi saboda saba dokar kulle -kulle da Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] [[Lagos (birni)|ya sanyawa jihar Legas]] domin dakile yaduwar cutar [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|coronavirus]] a kasar. A ranar 13 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2020, ya yi wasan kide-kide a Abuja duk da dokar hana tafiye-tafiye tsakanin [[Koronavirus 2019|jihohi da ka'idojin nisantar]] da jama'a da nufin dakile yaduwar COVID-19. Hukumar FCT ce ta gurfanar da shi a gaban kotun tafi -da [[Abuja|-gidanka da ke Abuja]] kan kade -kade. A ranar Asabar 13 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2021, wani rahoto ya bazu a yanar gizo cewa hukuma da ke kasar ta soke wasan Valentine na Naira Marley a Kamaru. Dangane da wasu binciken digo ta dandalin kafofin watsa labarai na kan layi, tuni mai gabatar da shirye -shiryen ya jinkirta wasan har sau biyu zuwa wani wurin amma daga baya hukumar a kasar ta soke shi saboda kishi daga bangaren masu nishadi na Kamaru wadanda ba su ji dadin abin da ya faru ba. Mawakan Najeriya da mawaƙa suna cikin ƙasar. == Binciken hoto == === EP === * ''Gotta Dance'' (2015) * ''Ubangiji na Lamba'' (2019) == Ɗauɗaiku == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Taken ! Album ! Ref |- | 2016 | ''Kosi Werey''| | |- | 2017 | ''Issa Goal'' | | |- | 2018 | ''Japa'' | | |- | 2019 | ''Ni IA Yahoo Boy ne'' | | |- | 2019 | ''Yaren Opotoyi (Marlians)'' | | |- | 2019 | ''Me yasa'' | | |- | 2019 | ''Sabulu'' | | |- | 2019 | ''Aikin baya2'' | | |- | 2019 | ''Tasiri mara kyau'' | | |- | 2019 | ''Mafo'' | Sarkin Lamba | |- | 2019 | ''Tesumole'' | Sarkin Lamba | |- | 2019 | ''Isheyen'' | Sarkin Lamba | |- | 2019 | ''Yanyanyan'' | Sarkin Lamba | |- | 2020 | ''Iya'' | | |- | 2020 | ''Dido lobo'' | | |- | 2020 | ''Mofoti'' | | |- | 2020 | ''Ko ina'' | | |- | 2020 | ''Kamar yadda E Dey Go'' | | |- | 2020 | ''Idi Oremi (Opotoyi 2)'' | | |- | 2020 | ''Chi Ci'' | | |- | 2020 | ''Koleyewon'' | | |- | 2021 | ''Mai zuwa'' | | |- | 2021 | ''Gwajin Magunguna''| | |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Mai karɓa ! Sakamakon ! Ref |- | rowspan="3" | 2020 | rowspan="3" | Soundcity MVP Awards | Zaɓin Masu Kallo | rowspan="2" | "Sabulu"| Nasara | rowspan="3" | |- | Wakar Shekara | {{Nom}} |- | Mafi kyawun Pop | rowspan="2" | Kansa | {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | rowspan="2" | Kyaututtukan Kiɗa na City People | Mawakin Shekara (Namiji)| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- | Waƙar Street na Shekara | "Sabulu"| {{Nom}} |} == Nassoshi ==   [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] doqlijzdn1nh7tryq3sgerg9zb7hpfr 0 24114 889330 601322 2026-07-30T10:36:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=[[The Honourable]] [[Professor]]|children=6, including [[Lupita Nyong'o|Lupita]]|term_end4=2013|president4=|predecessor4=|successor4=|constituency4=[[Kisumu Rural Constituency|Kisumu Rural]]|majority4=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1945|10|10|df=y}}|birth_place=Ratta, [[Kisumu]], Kenya|birthname=|nationality=[[Kenya]]n|spouse=Dorothy Ogada Buyu Nyong'o<ref name=fdr1>Stated on ''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', November 14, 2017</ref>|relations=|residence=|office4=Member of the [[Kenyan Parliament]]|alma_mater=[[Makerere University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}} <br /> [[University of Chicago]] {{small|([[Master of Arts|MA]]), ([[PhD]])}}|occupation=|profession=|cabinet=|committees=|portfolio=|religion=|signature=|signature_alt=|website={{url|http://anyangnyongo.com/|Website}}<br />{{url|twitter.com/AnyangNyongo|Official Twitter}}|footnotes=|blank1=Notable Awards|term_start4=2003|order4=|name=Peter Anyang' Nyong'o|term_start2=28 March 2013|honorific-suffix=[[African Academy of Sciences|FAAS]], [[State Commendations of Kenya|EGH]]|image=|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|order=|office1=Governor of [[Kisumu County]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of elected Governors in August 8th Election|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/files/2017/08/Governor.pdf|publisher=Capital FM Kenya|accessdate=6 February 2018|archive-date=6 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706153540/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/files/2017/08/Governor.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|party=[[Orange Democratic Movement|ODM]]|term_start1=22 August 2017|term_end1=|deputy1=Mathew Ochieng’ Owili|office2=1st [[Senate of Kenya|Senator]] of [[Kisumu County]]|term_end2=8 August 2017|successor3=|successor2=[[Frederick Outa Otieno]]|taoiseach=|constituency=|majority=|predecessor=|successor=|order3=|office3=Minister of Medical Services|term_start3=2008|term_end3=2013|president3=[[Mwai Kibaki]]|predecessor3=|data1=German-African Award {{small|(1995)}} <br /> Africa Brain Gain Award {{small|(2005)}}}} '''Peter Anyang 'Nyong'o''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 Oktoba 1945) ɗan [[Kenya|siyasan Kenya]] ne kuma marubuci<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2013-11-14|title=Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o, former Minister of Medical Services for Kenya|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/voices/events/nyongo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200457/https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/voices/events/nyongo/|archive-date=2020-11-16|access-date=2021-03-08|website=Voices in Leadership|publisher=[[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]]|language=en-us}}</ref> wanda shine [[Gwamna|Gwamnan]] gundumar [[Kisumu]]. Shi tsohon Babban Sakatare na Orange Democratic Movement (Babban Sakatare na yanzu shine Edwin Sifuna). Farfesa Nyong'o shi ne mukaddashin shugaban jam'iyyar daga ranar 11 ga watan Maris zuwa karshen watan Mayu lokacin da Raila Odinga ke Amurka<ref>[http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/562168/-/u4awu2/-/index.html "ODM widens coalition rift"], ''Daily Nation'', 20 April 2009.</ref> kuma an zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Kenya a zaben majalisar dokoki na watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, wanda ke wakiltar Mazabar Karkara ta Kisumu.<ref>[http://www.bunge.go.ke/members.php Members Of The 10th Parliament] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616160507/http://www.bunge.go.ke/members.php|date=2008-06-16}}.</ref> Ya kasance Ministan Ayyukan Likitoci kuma a baya Ministan Tsare -Tsare & Ci gaban Kasa. A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Gwamna na gundumar Kisumu bayan ya zama Sanata daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekara ta 2017. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Nyong'o a Ratta, [[Kisumu]], Kenya. Ya kammala karatun digirinsa na farko a jami'ar Makerere ta Uganda, inda aka ba shi digiri na 1 na girmamawa a kimiyyar siyasa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Guild na Makerere a 1969/70. Daga nan ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu da digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Chicago, inda ya sami Digiri na biyu da Digiri a kimiyyar siyasa a shekara ta 1977. Nyong'o ya dauki matsayin koyarwa a Jami'ar Nairobi, inda ya kasance farfesa a fannin kimiyyar siyasa kuma farfesa mai ziyartar jami'o'i a Mexico da [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]], inda ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1987, kafin ya zama shugaban shirye -shirye a Afirka Cibiyar Kimiyya. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dattawan Kenya mai wakiltar gundumar Kisumu daga ranar 4 ga watan Maris,na shekara ta 2013 zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, na shekara ta 2017 bayan an zabe shi a tikitin Jam'iyyar ODM (Orange Democratic Movement). Tsohon dan majalisa ne a mazabar karumu ta Kisumu, bayan an zabe shi akan jam'iyyar NARC a watan Disamba na shekarar 2002. Tarihinsa na siyasa ya fara ne a shekarar 1992, lokacin da aka fara zaɓensa a majalisa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin dan majalisa da aka zaba daga shekara ta 1998 zuwa shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gluk.ac.ke/down/citation.pdf|title=CITATION ON HON. PROF. PETER ANYANG' NYONG'O, F.A.A.S, E.G.H: CHANCELLOR OF THE GREAT LAKES UNIVERSITY OF KISUMU|website=Great Lakes University of Kisumu|access-date=18 May 2019|archive-date=18 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518125958/http://www.gluk.ac.ke/down/citation.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga shekara ta 2003 zuwa shekara ta 2005, Nyong'o ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Tsare -tsare da Ci gaban Kasa, kuma daga shekarar 2008 zuwa shekara ta 2013 ya kasance Ministan Kula da Lafiya.<ref name=":02"/> An yaba masa da cewa ya himmatu sosai wajen fafutukar neman 'yantar da Kenya ta biyu a lokacin gwamnatin KANU da ta gabata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/Tracing-fortunes-of-second-liberation--Young-Turks--/1064-4089264-fbf0ecz/index.html|title=Tracing fortunes of second liberation 'Young Turks' - Daily Nation|website=www.nation.co.ke|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> Don ba da gudummawarsa ga tallafin karatu da dimokuradiyya, Nyong'o ya sami lambar yabo ta Jamusanci-Afirka a shekara ta 1995. Daga watan Oktoba zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, Nyong'o ya kasance Babban Jagorancin Shugabancin Brundtland a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. A cikin wannan rawar, ya koyar da darasi a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya da Yawan Jama'a mai taken "Ci gaban Jagoranci a Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya da Manufofin Manufa a Kenya: Halin Mataimaki Hudu." 'Ya'yansa sune' yar wasan da ta lashe lambar yabo ta Academy Lupita Nyong'o,<ref>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Sally|title=Lupita Nyong'o spoils guests at her dinner bash|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/10558449/Lupita-Nyongo-interview-with-a-rising-star.html|publisher=Standard Media|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref> mai kirar Fiona Nyongo'o,<ref name="Fernell2">{{cite web|last=Fernell|first=Ryan|title=Peter Nyong'o - Men's Soccer - Stetson University Athletics|url=https://gohatters.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=3968|publisher=Stetson University|accessdate=17 January 2014}}</ref> Esperanza Wamoni Nyongo'o,<ref name="Fernell">{{Cite web}}</ref> kasuwa Zawadi Nyongo'o, da Peter Nyongo'o, wanda ke buga kwallon kafa mai tsaron raga. <ref name="Fernell" /> == Manazarta == g8licy6jx6mxl05s7orbd26kzlzij9p 0 25844 889107 867936 2026-07-29T18:25:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''M'Diq''' ko '''Medieq''' ( Arabic ) gari ne [[Bahar Rum|na Bahar Rum]] a arewacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] wanda ke tsakanin Fnideq da Tétouan . Yana iyaka da [[Mellaliyine|Melaliyine]] a kudu da Allyene a yamma. Shi ne hedkwatar M'diq-Fnideq Prefecture . <ref name="apdn">{{Cite web |title=Préfecture de M'diq Fnidq |url=http://www.apdn.ma/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=127&Itemid=146&lang=fr |access-date=21 February 2017 |publisher=Agency for the Development of the North of Morocco (APDN)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=بلال |title=تعرف على مدينة المضيق |url=https://www.ta3arf.com/2020/01/blog-post.html |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=تعرف |language=ar |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004025939/https://www.ta3arf.com/2020/01/blog-post.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> M'diq ta mamaye fadin {{Convert|480|ha}}, wanda {{Convert|153|ha}} ta zama birni. Ta tattara yawan jama'a 56,227 a ƙidayar jama'a ta Morocco ta 2014 kuma tana karɓar baƙi sama da 100,000 kowace shekara. SNIM ( ''Makon Jirgin Ruwa na M'Diq/Semaine nautique internationale de M'Diq'' ) yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman wuraren shakatawa na yawon buɗe ido. Ƙungiyar Yaƙin Ruwa ta M'Diq Royal ce ke shirya shi sau ɗaya a shekara kuma kamfanonin kasuwanci da dama ne ke ɗaukar nauyinsa. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci ga duk ayyukan zamantakewa da al'adu da ke kewaye. == Tashar Jiragen Ruwa == Tashar jiragen ruwan garin ta kasu kashi biyu: ɗaya don yawon buɗe ido ɗayan kuma don kamun kifi. An faɗaɗa duka biyun kwanan nan domin inganta abubuwan da ake bayarwa ga masu yawon buɗe ido da kuma ƙara yawan tashar jiragen ruwan. M'Diq sanannen wuri ne na hutun ƙarshen mako ga mazauna yankin Ceuta da ke kusa. Ana iya sanya jiragen ruwa har zuwa mita 50 masu tsayi tare da zurfin kusan mita biyar. == Manazarta == g74iz90nudphty8d9b9psn1cjekz87t 0 26015 888995 881709 2026-07-29T15:15:57Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 888995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ka''' ko '''KA na''' iya nufin to: == Fasaha da nishaɗi == * <nowiki><i id="mwDA">KA</i></nowiki> (Kohntarkosz Anteria), kundi a shekara ta 2004 ta Magma * ''Ka'', wasan Cirque du Soleil * Ka ( <nowiki><i id="mwEg">Hasumiyar Hasumiya</i></nowiki> ), wani ɓangaren makirci ne a cikin jerin ''Stephen Tower's Dark Tower'' * ''Mister Mosquito'', wasan bidiyo na 2001, wanda akafi sani da [[Japan]] a matsayin ''Ka'' == Kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyi == * Kappa Alpha Order, kungiya ce da aka kafa a shekara ta (1865) a Washinton da Lee * Kappa Alpha Society, ƙungiyar da aka kafa a shekara ta 1825 a Kwalejin Union * Sojojin Karenni, ƙungiyar burma ta Burma * Knattspyrnufélag Akureyrar, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Iceland * Kuklos Adelphon, wani yanki na Kudancin 1800s * Khan Academy, ƙungiyar ilimi mai zaman kanta * King's Arms, Oxford, mashaya da aka sani da KA == Harshe == === Harsuna === * Ka, iri -iri na yaren Banda ta Tsakiya * Yaren Jojiya, ta lambar ISO 639-1 === Halaye === * [[К|Ka (Cyrillic)]],ko wasika a cikin Rashanci da sauran yarukan gabashin Turai * Ka (Indic), gungun glyphs masu alaƙa daga dangin Brahmic na rubutun * Devanagari ka, wasika a cikin rubutun Devanagari * Ka (Javanese) (ꦏ), wasika a cikin rubutun Javanese * Ka (kana), sigar syllabic a cikin katakana na Japan da rubutun hiragana == Mutane == * Ka (fir'auna) ( fl. C. Talatin da biyu karni na BC), Fir'auna mai girma na Babban Masar * Ka (rapper) (an haife shi a shekara ta alif 1972), mai wasan kwaikwayo == Wurare == * Ka Farm, Østre Toten, [[Norway]]; duba Jerin sunayen gajerun wurare * Ka Island ( ''Ka-to'' ), Koriya ta Arewa * Yankin lambar lambar KA, Scotland * Ka River, Nijeriya * Karlsruhe, Jamus (misali lambar da aka yi amfani da ita a faranti na abin hawa na Jamus) * [[Karnataka]], India == Kimiyya da fasaha == * K _wani, wani acid dissociation m * K <nowiki><sub id="mwWA">wani</sub></nowiki> band, a obin na lantarki band * K _a, yawan shan ruwa akai akai * K _a, adadin musanyawa marasa daidaituwa a rukunin DNA, ana amfani da su a cikin ragin K <nowiki><sub id="mwXw">a</sub></nowiki> /K <nowiki><sub id="mwYA">s</sub></nowiki> * Ka itace, ''Terminalia carolinensis'' * ka, shekaru dubu, kyr * Keepalive, saƙon cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta * Kiloampere (kA), naúrar wutar lantarki * [[Shekara|kiloannus]] ko kiloannum (ka), naúrar lokaci daidai da shekara dubu (10 ³ ) == Sufuri == * Ford Ka, mota * Ajin NZR K <nowiki><sup id="mwdA">A</sup></nowiki>, locomotive na tururi na New Zealand * Cathay Dragon (lambar IATA KA), tsohon Dragonair * [[Kenya Airways|Kamfanin Kenya Airways]] * Lambar samfuran Kamov, kamfanin kera rotorcraft na Rasha == Sauran amfani == * Ka (Bengali), harafin baƙaƙe * Ka (cuneiform) * ka ko kꜣ, "ninki biyu" ko "mahimmin mahimmanci", tsohuwar masar ta ruhu ko ruhi * Knight ko Dame na St Andrew, kyautar Barbadian * Kingda Ka, wani abin birgewa a Babban Tutoci guda shida * KA, abin sha mai carbonated wanda kamfanin AG Barr ya samar * KA, jargon tilasta bin doka don "sanannen aboki" oizl1vmhd1c7qhtdz2587b5vvkceoek 0 28140 889322 888724 2026-07-30T09:37:00Z A09 23573 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-41807-25|~2026-41807-25]] ([[User talk:~2026-41807-25|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:~2026-22514-03|~2026-22514-03]] 826373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Boomplay_Music_Logo.png|230px|right|thumbnail|Tambarin Boomplay Music]] '''Boomplay Music''' sabis ne mai yawo da zazzagewa ta hanyar Transsnet Music Limited.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|website=Boomplay Music Official Website|access-date=2021-12-20|archive-date=2020-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924135711/https://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Marsh|first1=Jenni|title=The Chinese phone giant that beat Apple to Africa|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/10/tech/tecno-phones-africa/index.html|access-date=11 October 2018|publisher=CNN}}</ref>Kamfanin TECNO Mobile, Transsion Holdings ne ya fara kaddamar da wannan hidimar a [[Najeriya]] a shekarar 2015. Boomplay yana da freemium da sabis na tushen biyan kuɗi; Fasali na asali kyauta ne tare da tallace-tallace ko iyakancewa, yayin da ƙarin fasaloli, kamar zazzagewa don wasan layi da sauraron talla ta hanyar biyan kuɗi.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|website=Boomplay Music Official Website|access-date=2021-12-20|archive-date=2020-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924135711/https://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BOOMPLAY: DESCRIPTION, GO LIVE TIME, TERRITORIES, HOW THEY SELL YOUR MUSIC, PAY RATE|url=https://support.tunecore.com/hc/en-gb/articles/115006509207-Boomplay-Description-Go-Live-Time-Territories-How-They-Sell-Your-Music-Pay-Rate|publisher=TuneCore|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916235254/https://support.tunecore.com/hc/en-gb/articles/115006509207-Boomplay-Description-Go-Live-Time-Territories-How-They-Sell-Your-Music-Pay-Rate|url-status=dead}}</ref> A halin yanzu ana samun sabis ɗin don amfani da Yanar Gizo, Android da iOS. Tun daga watan Agusta 3, 2018, Boomplay Music ya yi rikodin shigarwa miliyan 10 daga shagon Google Play App.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Punch Newspapers|title=BOOMPLAY Music records 10 million installations off Google Play store.|url=https://punchng.com/boomplay-music-records-10-million-installations-off-google-play-store/|website=Punch Newspapers|access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref> A halin yanzu yana da masu amfani da miliyan 75.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://musically.com/2020/10/11strikes-merlin-deal-and-says-its-grown-to-75m-users/|title=Boomplay strikes Merlin deal and says it's grown to 75m users|last1=Forde|first1=Eamonn|date=December 11, 2019|work=Musically|access-date=11 December 2019|publisher=Musically}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == Waƙar Boomplay ta fi mai da hankali kan abubuwan kiɗan gida da na birni na Afirka kuma an fara ƙaddamar da ita a Najeriya a cikin 2015. Kiɗa na Boomplay ya fito da "Boomplay Music Version 2.1" a cikin Maris 2016 yana gabatar da Premium Subscription ɗin sa wanda ya ƙunshi sabis na biyan kuɗi, sauraren talla da zazzagewa don wasan layi.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|website=Boomplay Music Official Website|access-date=2021-12-20|archive-date=2020-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924135711/https://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Adepoju|first1=Adekunle|title=New Name And New Features For TECNO's Boom Player|url=https://techproducts.com.ng/new-name-and-new-features-for-tecnos-boom-player/|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164129/https://techproducts.com.ng/new-name-and-new-features-for-tecnos-boom-player/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin Maris 2017 Boomplay Music ya fito da Shafin 3.0 wanda ya ƙunshi sabon tambari, sake fasalin Interface Mai amfani, fasalin da ke biyo baya da kuma gabatar da sabon fasalin "Buzz" wanda ke ba masu amfani damar samun damar samun labarai na nishaɗi ba tare da barin app ba.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|website=Boomplay Music Official Website|access-date=2021-12-20|archive-date=2020-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924135711/https://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2017, ta sami lambar yabo ta 'Best African App' a Kyautar Innovation na AppsAfrica a [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nwanne|first1=Chucks|title=With international recognition, Boomplay Music set for bigger exploits|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/with-international-recognition-boomplay-music-set-for-bigger-exploits/|access-date=16 September 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ilado|first1=Lucy|title=Boomplay Music reaches new milestone|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/boomplay-music-reaches-new-milestone|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> kuma a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2017 ta sanar da haɗin gwiwa tare da TuneCore.<ref>{{cite web|last1=O.|first1=Kevin|title=NEW STORE ALERT: BOOMPLAY MUSIC|url=https://www.tunecore.com/blog/2017/04/new-store-alert-boomplay-music.html|access-date=16 September 2018}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2018, Boomplay [https://www.waybacksongs.com/ Music] ya amince da yarjejeniya tare da Ƙungiyar Kiɗa ta Duniya don rarraba abun ciki daga alamun kiɗan na Universal.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dimeji-Ajayi|first1=Damilola|title=Partnership In Africa: Universal Music Group And Boomplay|url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/partnership-in-africa-universal-music-group-and-boomplay/|website=The Guardian|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113025616/https://guardian.ng/life/music/partnership-in-africa-universal-music-group-and-boomplay/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BOOMPLAY AND UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP ANNOUNCE LANDMARK DISTRIBUTION PARTNERSHIP IN AFRICA|url=https://www.universalmusic.com/boomplay-universal-music-group-announce-landmark-distribution-partnership-africa/|website=Universal Music|access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=UMG becomes first major to license to Africa's largest streaming service|url=https://musicbiznation.com/business/universal-first-major-license-boomplay/|publisher=Music Biz Nation}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar ta kawo babban kasida ta UMG na masu fasaha na gida da na duniya ciki har da [[Eminem]], [[Tekno (mawaki)|Tekno]], Post Malone, [[Nicki Minaj]], Lady Zamar, Lil Wayne, [[Bob Marley]], Brenda Fassie, Wurld, J. Cole, Dr Tumi, Nasty C, 6lack, Diana Ross, Hugh Masekela, Jon Bellion, [[Lady Gaga]], Tamia, Maroon 5, AKA & Anatii, Tjan, Jah Prayzah, Nonso Bassey, Mafikizolo, Cina Soul, Ella Mai, and Mr Eazi to its users.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boomplaymusic.com/pressDetail?id=1|title=Boomplay Music - Press Detail|website=www.boomplaymusic.com|access-date=2019-04-22}}</ref> A cikin Disamba 2018, an fitar da sigar iOS ta app. A cikin Maris 2019, Boomplay ya sanar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Warner Music Group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8502648/africa-streaming-platform-boomplay-licensing-deal-warner-music|title=Africa's Biggest Streaming Platform Boomplay Signs Licensing Deal With Warner Music|website=Billboard|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> Sharuɗɗan haɗin gwiwar sun ba da damar Boomplay don rarraba kasida mai yawa na Warner Music na fiye da waƙoƙi miliyan ɗaya ga al'ummar masu sauraron sa a ƙasashe goma; Kamaru, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Najeriya, Rwanda, [[Senegal]], Tanzania, [[Uganda]] da Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boomplaymusic.com/pressDetail?id=3|title=Boomplay Music - Press Detail|website=www.boomplaymusic.com|access-date=2019-04-22}}</ref> A cikin Maris 2019, Boomplay ya sami nasarar kammala jerin kuɗaɗen dalar Amurka miliyan 20 wanda Maison Capital ke jagoranta sannan Seas Capital da sauran masu saka hannun jari na dabaru suka biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8505765/boomplay-africa-streaming-raises-20-million-funding|title=Boomplay, Africa's Biggest Streaming Platform, Raises $20M in Funding|website=Billboard|access-date=2019-04-22}}</ref> A cikin 2021 an ba da sanarwar cewa Boomplay yana aiki tare da ɗan kasuwan Croatian Centili don haɓaka samfuran biyan kuɗi na bayanai. Abokan ciniki suna samun maki waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don musayar bayanai, za su iya shiga cikin talla da gasa don cin nasara bayanai, kuma suna iya ba da bayanai ga wasu masu amfani. An kaddamar da wannan fasalin a Najeriya tun da farko, amma ana sa ran za a yada shi zuwa sauran kasashen da Boomplay ke aiki a cikinsu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://omnisperience.com/2021/02/25/boomplay-gives-africans-the-gift-of-music-thanks-to-centili/|title=Boomplay gives Africans the gift of music thanks to Centili|author=Teresa Cottam|date=25 February 2021|work=Omnisperience}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An sanar da Billboard a cikin Oktoba 2021, cewa za a ƙara bayanai daga rafukan Boomplay zuwa bayanan da aka yi amfani da su wajen tattara Billboard Hot 100, Billboard 200 da sauran sigogin bayanan Billboard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/boomplay-streams-now-count-towards-billboard-charts/|title=Boomplay streams now count towards Billboard charts|author=|date=14 October 2021|work=Vanguardngr.com}}</ref> === Abokan hulɗa === A cikin Mayu 2019, Boomplay ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rarrabawa tare da Believe Digital rarraba ayyukan. An kafa Believe a cikin Paris a cikin 2004 ta Denis Ladegaillerie a matsayin sashin rarrabawa da sabis na kan layi na duniya da alamar rikodin cikin gida. Tare da ofisoshin 32 a cikin yankuna 16, abokan cinikin kamfanin sun hada da Scorpio Music, Kitsune, Sinanci Man Records, Fargo, Baco Records, Afrique Caribes Productions da Yellow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/music/news/sony-music-believe-distribution-tunecore-1202496543/|title=Sony Music Expands Distribution Reach; Acquires French Indie Believe, TuneCore|last=Trakin|first=Roy|date=2017-07-15|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Boomplay ya sanar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Warner Music Group, Ƙungiyar Kiɗa ta Duniya, Ƙungiyar Kiɗa ta Sony, da hukumar kare haƙƙin indie ta duniya Merlin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8544155/sony-licensing-deal-boomplay-all-majors-now-partnered|title=As Sony Strikes Deal With Boomplay, All Three Majors Are Now Partnered With Africa's Biggest Music App|last=Tatiana|first=Cirisano|date=November 21, 2019|website=Billboard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicweek.com/digital/read/merlin-signs-licensing-deal-with-africa-s-boomplay/078370|title=Merlin signs licensing deal with Africa's Boomplay|last=Paine|first=Andre|date=December 10, 2019|website=MusicWeek}}</ref> === Fadadawa === Boomplay Music ya sanar da ƙaura zuwa Gabashin Afirka ta hanyar buɗe ofishinta na Kenya a watan Agustan 2016. Ya buɗe ofishin [[Tanzaniya]] A cikin Afrilu 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|website=Boomplay Music Official Website|access-date=2021-12-20|archive-date=2020-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924135711/https://www.boomplaymusic.com/aboutUs|url-status=dead}}</ref> A halin yanzu tana da ayyuka da ofisoshin gida a Najeriya, Kenya, Ghana da Tanzaniya. === Asusu da biyan kuɗi === Tun daga Janairu 2018, nau'ikan biyan kuɗi na Boomplay guda biyu, duka suna ba da lokacin saurare mara iyaka da ingantaccen ingancin sauti (har zuwa 320kbit / s bitrate) sune: {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="background-color: #FFFFFF" width="75%" ! rowspan="1" |Nau'in ! rowspan="1" | Talla-Free ! rowspan="1" | Sauraron wayar hannu ! rowspan="1" | Ingantattun ingancin sauti ! rowspan="1" | Ajiye a kan layi kuma Kunna ! rowspan="1" | Zazzagewar kiɗa |- ! scope="row" | Waƙar Boomplay Kyauta | {{No}}| {{Maybe|Limited}}| | | |- ! scope="row" | Boomplay Music Premium | {{Yes}}| {{Maybe|Limited}} |} == Manazara == {{reflist}} [[Category:Mawaƙa]] id2z5kwlimc8f2f5azg4yfmm9qetgfl 0 30114 888991 885499 2026-07-29T13:52:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nana Oforiatta Ayim''' marubuciya ce ƴar ƙasar [[Ghana]], masaniyar tarihi kuma mai shirya fina-finai. == Fage == Nana Ofosuaa Oforiatta Ayim ta girma ne a Jamus, Ingila, da mahaifarta ta asali a Ghana. Ta yi karatun Rashanci da Siyasa a Jami'ar [[Bristol]] kuma ta ci gaba daiki a Sashen Harkokin Siyasa a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nana-oforiatta-ayim-ghana-africa-encyclopedia|title=#Goals: Nana Oforiatta-Ayim Is the Ghanaian Creative Preserving Africa’s Artistic Past|first=Akinyi|last=Ochieng|work=OkayAfrica|date=2017-10-31}}</ref> Ta kammala digiri na biyu a fannin Tarihin Fasaha na Afirka a Jami'ar SOAS ta London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/ghana-africa-art-cultural-encyclopedia|title=Nana Oforiatta Ayim's Open-Source Encyclopedia Of African History Starts With Ghana|first=Alex|last=Frank|work=Vogue Magazine|date=2017-10-20|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref> Oforiatta Ayim ta fito daga dangin siyasa a Ghana, Ofori-Attas, wanda ikonta ya kasance na gargajiya da na zamani. Kakanninta na haihuwa sune Nana Sir Ofori Atta I, sanannen sarkin Akyem Abuakwa wanda aka yaba da shi a matsayin Louis XIV na Afirka,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=194981094533773&story_fbid=544828022882410|title=African Royal Families}}</ref> kuma kakanta shi ne JB Danquah, malamin kuma dan siyasa wanda ya ba Ghana suna kuma ya fara siyasa. jam'iyyar da ta kawo 'yanci.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/14098/meet-africas-champion-of-change-nana-oforiatta.html|title=Meet Africa's Champion Of Change: Nana Oforiatta Ayim|first=William|last=Beeko|work=Modern Ghana|date=2020-01-23}}</ref> == Rubutu == [[File:Nana Oforiatta Ayim at the Chale Wote Street Art Festival, 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nana Oforiatta Ayim]] [[Fayil:Nana at the Chale Wote Street Art Festival, 2015.jpg|thumb|Nana Oforiatta Ayim]] Littafin tarihinta na farko ''The God Child'' an buga shi ne ta hanyar Bloomsbury Publishing a Burtaniya a cikin shekarar 2019, Amurka a 2020 da kuma Penguin Random House a Jamus a 2021.<ref>{{Cite book|title=God Child on Amazon|isbn=1408882426}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blackwells.co.uk/bookshop/product/The-God-Child-by-Nana-Oforiatta-Ayim-author/9781408882429|title=The God Child|website=blackwells.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-03-16}}</ref> Marubuciya [[Ayesha Harruna Attah]] ta bayyana littafin a matsayin "faɗaɗa da kuma halarta na farko, jigogi na zane-zane, tarihi, adabi, fim, da kuma gado tare da zuwan Maya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electricliterature.com/nana-oforiatta-ayim-on-being-a-custodian-of-ghanaian-history/|title=Nana Oforiatta Ayim on Being a Custodian of Ghanaian History|last=Attah|first=Ayesha H.|date=2020-03-03|website=Electric Literature}}</ref> A cikin New York Times, Tope Folarin ya rubuta cewa: "Wannan labari ne da ya damu da labaru; lalle ne, 'The God Child' za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin jerin jerin gajeren zane-zane, kowane sakamako akan nasa, kowannensu yana da alaƙa da sauran ... Kamar yadda na karanta wannan littafin, tare da dukkan tsalle-tsalle cikin lokaci da sarari, Wani lokacin na fahimci cewa akwai wani labari mai gudana a ƙarƙashin saman rubutun, wani labari mai ban mamaki wanda haruffan da nake karantawa game da rayuwa lokaci guda... Hijira ta Kojo da Maya daga baya ta kai su ƙasar Ghana, inda suke fatan samun kayan da suke bukata don kammala labarinsu, shekaru masu yawa. Labari wanda, kamar wannan, zai haskaka tarihin Ghana; labari ne wanda zai kawo cikas ga wani abu daga sassan rayuwar su."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/03/books/review/this-town-sleeps-dennis-e-staples-under-the-rainbow-celia-laskey-the-god-child-nana-oforiatta-ayim.html?login=smartlock&auth=login-smartlock|title=The Shortlist: Wrestling With Prejudice in Three Debut Novels|last=Tope|first=Folarin|date=2020-03-03|website=The New York Times}}</ref> A cikin ''The Guardian'', Sarah Ladipo Manyika ta rubuta cewa: "Zuwa yau, akwai wasu 'yan ayyukan almara da ke bincika kwarewar Afirka a tsakanin Turai da kawai adireshin hannu na kwarewar Afro-German, don haka littafin Ayim yana da mahimmanci wajen taimakawa cika wannan rata. Yayinda muke jin Maya tana tunani game da ra'ayin Goethe na Weltliteratur da kuma yin tunani game da yadda rashin wallafe-wallafen duniya a zahiri yake, littattafai kamar The God Child suna da damar haɓaka shi kuma, a cikin kalmomin Berger, kawo sabbin hanyoyin gani."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/dec/27/the-god-child-nan-oforiatta-ayim-review|title=The God Child by Nana Oforiatta Ayim review – An Ambitious Debut|last=Manyika|first=Sarah L.|date=2019-12-27|website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Tarihin fasaha == Yayin da take neman digiri na biyu a tarihin Afirka, ta fahimci dukkan sharuddan da manufofin da aka yi amfani da su wajen bayyana yadda ake nuna fasahar zane-zane ta kasar Ghana su ne na Yamma. Binciken da ta yi game da manufofin 'yan asalin ya sa ta kai ga ''Ayan'', wani nau'i na ba da labari a Ghana; da ''Afahye'', nune-nunen tarihi ko Gesamtkunstwerk samfurin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.staedelschule.de/de/calendar/nana-ofriatta-ayim|title=Ayan: New Ways of Seeing|website=Staedel Schule}}</ref> Ta fara haɗa su a rubuce a rubuce game da labarun al'adu, tarihi, da cibiyoyi a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Oforiatta-Ayim|first=Nana|url=https://frieze.com/article/speak-now|title=Speak Now|work=Frieze|date=2011-05-01|access-date=2020-03-16|issue=139|language=en|issn=0962-0672}}</ref> Tana magana akai-akai kan sabbin ƙirar ilimi da kayan tarihi, kuma ta tsara hanya akan wannan don Makarantar Ƙungiyar Archiwararru ta Archiwararru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nanaoforiattaayim.com/arthistory|title=Art History|website=Nana Oforiatta Ayim|language=en|access-date=2020-04-16|archive-date=2020-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123213703/https://www.nanaoforiattaayim.com/arthistory|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skd.museum/en/research/research-currently/|title=SKD: Research currently|website=www.skd.museum|access-date=2020-03-16|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723155702/https://www.skd.museum/en/research/research-currently/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metropolism.com/nl/reviews|title=Humans Of The Institution/|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2022-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426225219/http://www.metropolism.com/nl/reviews/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kunstkritikk.se/wp-content/themes/KK/ajax/general/print.php?id=96286&r=0.4481974656227976/|title=Nordic Art Review.}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=ARCHIVES THAT MATTER|url=http://cemes.ku.dk/activities/2018/archives-that-matter/Archives_that_Matter_Public_Invitation2018.pdf/|journal=Digital Infrastructures for Sharing Unshared Histories in European Colonial Archives.|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723155713/https://cemes.ku.dk/activities/2018/archives-that-matter/Archives_that_Matter_Public_Invitation2018.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marocgazette.com/story-z2952288/|title=The Review|website=Marco Gazettte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/discussion-how-does-curriculum-introduce-and-structure-alternate-worldviews-and-knowledges/|title=Discussion: How does a curriculum introduce and structure alternate worldviews and knowledges? {{!}} University of Oxford Podcasts – Audio and Video Lectures|website=podcasts.ox.ac.uk|date=2018-11-28|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> A cikin hirar da ta yi da mujallar ''Financial Times'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/c610b3f0-66b0-11e9-b809-6f0d2f5705f6|title=Ghana arrives at the Venice Biennale, bringing new narratives with it|last=Roux|first=Caroline|date=2019-05-03|website=www.ft.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> Ayim ta ce: "Wani lokacin tana jin kamar komai yana faruwa a cikin kasashen waje. Wannan yana da mahimmanci kuma yana daga cikin mu. Amma yanzu muna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan ayyukan ci gaba a cikin nahiyarmu."Ita ce ta kafa Cibiyar Fasaha da Ilimi ta ANO a Accra,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/institutional-memory-one-womans-path-bringing-world-africa-africa-world-10774/|title=Institutional Memory: One Woman's Path to Bringing the World to Africa—and Africa to the World|last=Ayim|first=Nana Oforiatta|date=2018-08-07|website=ARTnews.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> kuma ya ce "kamar mutane da yawa suna da hannu cikin ayyukan kirkira a Ghana da sauran sassan Afirka, yana jin kamar bai isa kawai mu samar ba, amma cewa dole ne mu samar da mahallin da abubuwan da ake samarwa."<ref name="Another Africa2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.anotherafrica.net/art-culture/breaking-down-artistic-barriers-in-ghana|title=Breaking down artistic barriers in Ghana|first=Houghton|last=Kinsman|date=2015-08-31|website=Another Africa|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18|archive-date=2020-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112155611/http://www.anotherafrica.net/art-culture/breaking-down-artistic-barriers-in-ghana|url-status=dead}}</ref> Har zuwa wannan, ta ƙirƙiro wani littafin tarihin na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/ghana-africa-art-cultural-encyclopedia|title=Nana Oforiatta Ayim's Open-Source Encyclopedia of African History Starts With Ghana|last=Frank|first=Alex|website=Vogue|language=en|date=2017-10-20|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/okayafrica/videos/1506140576071102/|title=OkayAfrica|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/|title=Le projet toute une vie Nana Ofori Atta Ayim|website=rFI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elle.co.za/|title=Nana Ofari Atta Ayim Creating Africas first art encyclopedia|website=Elle|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429053627/https://elle.co.za/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digital-development-debates.org/issue-14-movement--moving-pictures--a-digital-narrative.html/|title=Issue 14: Movement moving pictures a digital narrative|website=Digital Development Debate|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2021-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508070659/https://www.digital-development-debates.org/issue-14-movement--moving-pictures--a-digital-narrative.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jaridar ''[[New York Times]]''<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last=Mitic|first=Ginanne Brownell|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/11/arts/africa-cultural-encyclopedia.html|title=How Diverse Is African Art? A 54-Volume Encyclopedia Will Try for an Answer|date=2017-03-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-03-18|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ta rubuta cewa: "Encyclopaedia zai kunshi wani dandamali na yanar gizo wanda zai iya yin rubuce-rubuce game da al'adun Afirka da al'adun Afirka na gaba (farawa daga Ghana) kuma daga karshe za'a buga shi a cikin kundin 54, daya ga kowace kasa. Wani babban buri, Encyclopaedia na Al'adu yana da niyyar canza tsinkaye na nahiyar da kuma taimakawa rage takaicin masu samar da al'adun Afirka da ke nuna cewa an rasa tarihin tarihin su ko kuma an manta da su tsawon shekarun da suka gabata saboda ba su da ingantattun wuraren adana kayan tarihi."<ref name=":02" /> Ta kuma kirkiro da sabon nau'in Gidan Tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africasacountry.com/2016/01/the-kiosks-in-accra-that-are-reshaping-space-in-the-city/|title=Rethinking space in Accra, Ghana|first=Billie Adwoa|last=McTernan|website=africasacountry.com|language=en-US|date=2016-01-21|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/jpvaqx/historian-launches-living-history-hubs-in-ghana|title=Historian Launches "Living History Hubs" in Ghana|last=McCool|first=Alice|date=2015-12-09|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nana-oforiatta-ayim-ghana-africa-encyclopedia/|title=#Goals: Nana Oforiatta-Ayim Is the Ghanaian Creative Preserving Africa's Artistic Past|first=Akinyi|last=Ochieng|date=2017-08-31|website=OkayAfrica|language=en|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://accradotaltradio.com/2016/09/the-kiosk-museum-a-space-of-exploration-inclusive-representation/|title=The Kiosk Museum : A Space of Exploration & Inclusive Representation|last=ADA|date=2016-09-27|website=ACCRA [dot] ALT Radio|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18|archive-date=2020-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920072249/http://accradotaltradio.com/2016/09/the-kiosk-museum-a-space-of-exploration-inclusive-representation/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin The Guardian,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jansen|first=Charlotte|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/08/ghanas-first-travelling-museum-ready-to-hit-the-road-kiosk|title=Ghana's first travelling museum ready to hit the road|date=2016-11-08|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-18|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Charlotte Jansen ta rubuta cewa: "Ayim ta ce ta fara yin tunani game da tsarin kayan gargajiya a Afirka yayin da take aiki a Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya. Ta damu da yadda aka sami abubuwa daban-daban na Afirka a cikin kabad na nuni a Burtaniya tare da yadda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin bukukuwa a gida, sai ta fara tunanin yadda za a adana al'adun duniya kuma a gabatar da su ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa da al'adun cikin gida." Tana amfani da binciken da aka tattara ta hanyar Gidan Tarihi don taimakawa ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in kayan kayan gargajiya ga Gwamnatin Gana, ta rubuta a Jaridar Art, "girmamawa da yin la'akari da yawancin ruhohin al'ummominmu, yanayin mu, da abubuwanmu, duka a gida da waɗanda za a dawo dasu. Tsarin da zai ba da damar bayar da labarai da musayar tare, da sauran sassan duniya, kan daidaitattun bayanai".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/10/29/ghana-appoints-experts-to-draw-up-radical-new-plan-for-museums-and-monuments|title=Could 2021 be the year of the African museum?|last=Oforiatta Ayim|first=Nana|date=2021-01-08|website=The Art Newspaper}}</ref> Bayan ta ƙirƙiro baje-kolin, da kuma gabatar da shirye-shiryen farko na masana'antar Ghana da dama, da suka hada da James Barnor,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/james-barnor-accra-london-retrospective-exhibition-serpentine|title=In London, Photographer James Barnor’s Virtuosic Portraits Find a New Audience|last=Liam|first=Hess|date=2021-04-22}}</ref> [[Felicia Abban|Felicia Ansah Abban]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2017/03/07/in-ghana-a-changing-portrait-of-accra/|title=Portraits by Ghana's First Woman Photographer|last=Best|first=Tamara|date=2017-03-07|website=Lens Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.documentjournal.com/2019/06/felicia-abbans-immortalization-of-the-ghanian-female-gaze/|title=Felicia Abban's immortalization of the {{sic|Ghan|ian|hide=y}} female gaze|first=Ann|last=Binlot|date=2019-06-18|website=Document Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> da Ibrahim Mahama,<ref name="Another Africa2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greg.org/archive/2015/08/27/it-was-the-jutes-it-was-the-jutes.html|title=It. Was. The. Jutes. It. Was. The. Jutes. – greg.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> ta dauki nauyin baje kolin 'Yancin Ghana a matsayin Pavilion na farko na Ghana a Venice Biennale na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/nana-oforiatta-ayim-on-ghanas-first-ever-pavilion-at-venice/|title=Nana Oforiatta Ayim on Ghana's First Ever Pavilion at Venice|date=2019-04-23|website=Contemporary And|language=de|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> Rukunin ya kasance daga cikin abubuwan da Biennale ya fi tsammanin,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/ghana-venice-biennale-2019/index.html|title=Ghana makes a star-studded debut at the Venice Biennale|first=Jareh|last=Das|website=CNN|language=en|date=2019-05-14|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> kuma 'yan jarida da yawa sun sanya sunan rumfar a matsayin "nasara" da kuma haskaka Biennale, musamman don girmamawa ga al'adunsa na al'adu a cikin ƙasa da kuma kasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/hamish-bowles-whirlwind-tour-of-the-2019-venice-biennale|title=A Whirlwind Tour of the 2019 Venice Biennale|last=Bowles|first=Hamish|website=Vogue|language=en|date=2019-05-20|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/ghana-pavilion-debut-2019-venice-biennale-art-show-190509195845318.html|title=Ghana makes pavilion debut at 2019 Venice Biennale art show|website=www.aljazeera.com|date=2019-05-09|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daserste.de/information/wissen-kultur/ttt/ttt-12052019-ghanas-erster-pavillion-100.html|title=Ghana's Erster Pavillion|date=2020-05-12|website=Daserste|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723092550/https://www.daserste.de/information/wissen-kultur/ttt/ttt-12052019-ghanas-erster-pavillion-100.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jaridar Art Newspaper ta rubuta cewa "hankalin girman kai" ya mamaye rumfar.<ref name="Observer">{{Cite web|url=https://observer.com/2019/05/ghana-first-venice-biennale-freedom-theme/|title=Why Ghana Chose 'Freedom' as the Theme of Its Venice Biennale Debut|first=Mariana|last=Fernandez|date=2019-05-12|website=The Observer|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> [[Charlotte Higgins]] na jaridar The Guardian ta rubuta cewa rumfar ta nuna alamar sauyi a ma'auni yayin da rumfunan Afirka suka fara fafatawa da tarihin mamaye rumfunan Turai a Biennale, tarihin da ke da alaƙa da mulkin mallaka.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Higgins|first=Charlotte|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/may/08/ghana-first-pavilion-venice-art-biennale-david-adjaye-ghanaian-artists-john-akomfrah|title=Ghana shakes up art's 'sea of whiteness' with its first Venice pavilion|date=2019-05-08|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-18|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Fina-finai == Nana Oforiatta Ayim ta zama mai shirya fina-finai bayan ta yi aiki tare da masanin tattalin arziki Thi Minh Ngo da mai shirya fina-finai Chris Marker kan sabon fassarar fim dinsa na shekarar 1954 ''Statues Also Die''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/ccqmag/docs/ccq9/28|title=CCQ magazine issue 9|website=Issuu|language=en|date=2016-04-14|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2022-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314170011/https://issuu.com/ccqmag/docs/ccq9/28|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fina-finan nata ginshiƙi ne na almara, muqala na balaguro, da rubuce-rubuce kuma an nuna su a gidajen tarihi a duniya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ''Nowhere Else But Here'' a The New Museum,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africasacountry.com/2012/02/the-ungovernables/|title=The Ungovernables|first=Orlando|last=Reade|website=africasacountry.com|language=en-US|date=2012-02-28|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> ''Tied and True'' a Tate Modern,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.art-agenda.com/features/234823/wu-tsang|title=Wu Tsang|last=Newman|first=Robin|date=2013-05-04|website=Art Agenda Reviews|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422102154/https://www.art-agenda.com/features/234823/wu-tsang|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frieze.com/fair-programme/watch-wu-tsang-nana-oforiatta-ayim/|title=Watch: Wu Tsang & Nana Oforiatta-Ayim|website=frieze.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-18|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723155708/https://frieze.com/fair-programme/watch-wu-tsang-nana-oforiatta-ayim|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/film/states-time|title=States in time – Film at Tate Modern|last=Tate|website=Tate|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> ''Jubilee'' a Kunsthall Stavanger,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftenbladet.no/article/sa-OmryE.html|title=Endelig kvalitet i Stavanger kunstforening|website=www.aftenbladet.no|language=nb|date=2012-11-13|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wdw.nl/en/our_program/events/oil_for_aladdin_s_lamp_symposium/|title=Oil for Aladdin' lamp Symposium|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2019-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528053135/https://www.wdw.nl/en/our_program/events/oil_for_aladdin_s_lamp_symposium|url-status=dead}}</ref> da ''Agbako'' a Gidan Tarihi na Lardin [[Los Angeles]] (LACMA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nanaoforiattaayim.com/films|title=Film|website=Nana Oforiatta Ayim|language=en|access-date=2020-04-16|archive-date=2020-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123222552/https://www.nanaoforiattaayim.com/films|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unframed.lacma.org/2016/10/05/art-technology-africa/|first=Amy|last=McCabe Heibel|title=Art + Technology in Africa {{!}} Unframed|website=unframed.lacma.org|date=2016-10-05|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == Oforiatta Ayim ita ce mai karɓar lambar yabo ta fasaha da fasaha ta shekarar 2015 daga LACMA<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lacma.org/lab/project/cultural-encyclopaedia|title=Cultural Encyclopaedia {{!}} LACMA|website=www.lacma.org|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> da kuma lambar yabo ta 2016 AIR, wanda "neman girmama da kuma bikin manyan masu fasaha na Afirka waɗanda suka himmatu wajen samar da ayyukan tsokana, sabbin abubuwa da ayyukan haɗa kai da zamantakewa".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africacentre.net/nana-oforiatta-ayim-author-ghana/|title=Nana Oforiatta – Ayim {{!}} Author {{!}} Ghana|date=2016-02-24|website=Africa Centre|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> An Kuma naɗa ta ɗaya daga cikin Apollo "40 under 40", a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi hazaka da ƙwarin gwiwar samari waɗanda ke ciyar da duniyar fasaha a yau", <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/nana-oforiatta-ayim-apollo-40-under-40-global-the-thinkers/|title=Nana Oforiatta-Ayim {{!}} Apollo 40 Under 40 Global {{!}} The Thinkers|date=2017-09-07|website=Apollo Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref>Mawallafin ''Quartz Africa'', don "neman sababbin hanyoyin da ka'idoji don magance yawancin Babban kalubalen da ake fuskanta a nahiyar,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/973199/quartz-africa-innovators-2017/|title=Quartz Africa Innovators 2017|last=Staff|first=Quartz|website=Quartz Africa|language=en|date=2017-05-05|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> daya daga cikin 50 African Trailblazers ta ''The Africa Report'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/achievement-yvonne-nelson-named-in-africas-top-50-trailblazers/btyhx8l|title=Yvonne Nelson named in Africa's 'top 50 trailblazers|date=2015-08-03|website=Pulse Gh|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=2020-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323123329/https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/achievement-yvonne-nelson-named-in-africas-top-50-trailblazers/btyhx8l|url-status=dead}}</ref> daya daga cikin 12 matan Afirka da suka kafa tarihi a 2016 da kuma daya daga cikin 100 mata 100 "gina kayayyakin more rayuwa, duka biyu a zahiri da kuma misali, ga al'ummomi masu zuwa a Afirka da kuma a cikin Diaspora" a cikin shekarar 2020 ta OkayAfrica.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/african-women-history-international-womens-day-2016/|title=12 Times African Women Have Already Made History In 2016|date=2016-03-08|website=OkayAfrica|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/introducing-okayafricas-100-women-2020-list/|title=Introducing OkayAfrica's 100 Women 2020 List|date=2020-03-18|website=OkayAfrica|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar Ziyarar Duniya ta Kudu a Jami'ar Oxford.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/people/nana-oforiatta-ayim/|title=Nana Oforiatta Ayim|website=www.prm.ox.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-03-18|archive-date=2020-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417220835/https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/people/nana-oforiatta-ayim|url-status=dead}}</ref> kuma memba ne a majalisar ba da shawara ta jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/978951/oxford-university-appoints-nana-ofosuaa-oforiatta.html|title=Oxford University Appoints Nana Ofosuaa Oforiatta Ayim To Its Advisory Council|date=2020-01-14|website=ModernGhana|language=en|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Ghana Innovation Award a 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/nana-oforiatta-ayim-wins-ghana-innovation-award|title=Nana Oforiatta Ayim Wins Ghana Innovation Award|date=2020-09-07|website=NewsGhana}}</ref> da kuma lambar yabo ta mace mafi kyawun shekara a Ghana a 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/nana-ofosuaa-ayim-gets-woman-of-the-year-in-cultural-arts-award.html|title=Nana Ofosuaa Ayim gets "Woman of the Year in Cultural Arts" award|date=2021-08-05|website=Graphic Online}}</ref> A 2022 an ba ta kyautar Dan David.<ref>[https://dandavidprize.org/ Dan David Prize 2022]</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1kalib4mmt7gs2ua3ed4gulfn36ssxr 0 30371 889022 741073 2026-07-29T15:35:55Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Kara 889022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ama Bame Busia''' 'yar siyasan [[Ghana]] ce kuma tsohuear mamba ce a majalisar dokokin ƙasar. Ita ce kanwar marigayi [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]], tsohon firaministan Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/188455/ama-busia-distances-from-frema-busias-accusations.html|title=Ama Busia distances from Frema Busia's accusations|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ama-Busia-Snubs-NPP-Govt-19258|title=Ama Busia Snubs NPP Govt. ?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Members-of-Council-of-State-sworn-into-office-77954|title=Members of Council of State sworn into office|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/05/three-arrested-for-robbing-ama-busia/|title=Three arrested for robbing Ama Busia|date=2015-05-05|website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19|archive-date=2023-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214065341/https://citifmonline.com/2015/05/three-arrested-for-robbing-ama-busia/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2010/01/20/mrs-busia-is-dead/|title=Mrs. Busia is dead|last=Dogbevi|first=Emmanuel|date=2010-01-20|website=Ghana Business News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref> == Ilimi == Busia ta yi karatun firamare a makarantar Wenchi Methodist da Makarantar Middle Girls's School da ke Kumasi. Ta sami horo a matsayin malama a Kwalejin Horar da Komenda. A 1959, ta tafi gudun hijira a Landan tare da dan uwanta, Kofi Abrefa Busia kuma a nan ta yi karatun Institutional Management and Catering a Regent Street Polytechnic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/473/hon-amma-bame-busia-the-strong-girl-still-stron.html|title=Hon. Amma Bame Busia • The strong Girl Still Strong After 70|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == Kwanan nan ne aka karrama ta a matsayin daya daga cikin mata masu jajircewa a Ghana a fannin siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/September-18th/gifty-anti-others-named-ghanas-most-inspiring-women.php|title=Gifty Anti, others named Ghana's Most Inspiring Women|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-09-19|archive-date=2019-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920084454/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/September-18th/gifty-anti-others-named-ghanas-most-inspiring-women.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] hu9p4mfuxxxn834ggh3g2u7fax6iv9z 0 30625 889327 700375 2026-07-30T09:51:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Peggy Ovire on IrokoTV for Husbands of Lagos.png|thumb|Peggy Ovire]] '''Peggy Ovire Enoho''' wanda aka fi sani da Peggy ƴar Najeriya ce, mai shirya fina-finai kuma ƴar wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ga ''“Mafi Alƙawarin Jaruma Na Shekara (Turanci)”'' a bugun City People Entertainment Awards 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/11/acting-doesnt-pay-bill-enoho-ovire/|title=Acting doesn’t pay my bill - Enoho Ovire|date=2013-11-15|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/beauty-queen-turned-actress-peggy-ovire-is-a-year-older-today/|title=Beauty queen turned actress, Peggy Ovire is a year older today|date=2015-10-21|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/ive-never-been-married-peggy-ovire/|title=I’ve never been married-Peggy Ovire|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanmania.com/ovire-peggy/|title=Ovire Peggy Biography,Age,Family,Husband,Child,Movies and Net Worth|date=2019-09-10|website=AfricanMania|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-25}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/josesoliver/docs/www-konews-com-ng-peggy-ovire-biogr|title=Peggy Ovire Biography; Career, Movies & Net Worth|website=Issuu|language=en|access-date=2019-11-25}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Ovire ta fito ne daga [[Ughelli]] a [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta a]] [[Najeriya]] . An haife ta a cikin dangin ƴaƴa shida wanda ita ce ta ƙarshe da iyayenta suka haifa. An haifi Ovire a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]] inda a halin yanzu ta kasance mafi yawan lokutan rayuwarta. Ovire ya halarci makarantar Itire Nursery da Primary School a Surulere da AUD Secondary School wanda kuma ke cikin [[Surulere (Lagos)|Surulere]] a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]] . Ovire ta kammala karatunta na gaba da sakandare ta yi rajista a Jami’ar Jihar Delta, Abraka amma daga karshe za ta kammala a Jami’ar [[Jami'ar Ambrose Alli|Ambrose Alli]] inda ta samu digirin farko na Kimiyya a Bankin da Kudi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/peggy-ovire-5-things-you-probably-dont-know-about-actress/glw9h3h|title=5 things you probably don't know about actress|date=2015-10-21|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-25}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Ovire kafin ta fara fitowa a masana'antar fina-finan Najeriya [[Nollywood]], ta fara sana'arta a matsayin abin koyi kamar yadda ta bayyana a wata hira da jaridar The Punch print media house. Ta kuma bayyana fim dinta na farko da Uche Nancy ta shirya.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ovire-enoho-dad-greatest-influence/|title=Ovire Enoho: My dad is my greatest influence|date=2018-01-14|website=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-25}}</ref> Aikin fim na Ovire ya fito fili tare da rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin mai suna Mazajen Legas . Ovire ta yi ikirarin cewa jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin sun kawo mata shaharar ta kuma ta zama sananne a wajen kasarta ta haihuwa Najeriya. <ref name=":2" /> == Kyaututtuka da naɗi == * Ovire ya lashe lambar yabo don Mafi Kyawun Jaruma Na Shekara (Turanci) a 2015 City People Entertainment Awards . == Shirya fim == Ovire tare da kasancewarsa jarumi kuma abin koyi shima furodusan fim ne kuma ya shirya fina-finai kamar su ''Ufuoma'', ''Fool Me once'' da kuma ''sauran mata''.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/i-always-fall-ill-after-shooting-movies-peggy-ovire/|title=I always fall ill after shooting movies – Peggy Ovire|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-25}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa da jerin talabijin == * ''[[A Long Night]]'' * ''Royal Switch'' * ''Game Changer'' * ''Husbands of Lagos'' ''(TV series)'' * ''Playing with Heart'' * ''Marry Me Yes or No'' * ''The Apple of Discord'' * ''Last Engagement'' * ''Second Chances''(2014) as Lolade == Magana == {{reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm8888789/ Peggy Ovire IMDb Page] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mata ƴan fim]] [[Category:Mata]] jg8wo1qycwezup0hyqhfl7vv5l32xf3 0 31766 889024 185862 2026-07-29T15:36:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox basketball biography|name=Natalie Mwagale|high_school=|highlights=|team3=|years3=|team2=|years2=|team1=|years1=|career_end=|career_start=|draft_year=|college=|nationality=Kenyan|image=|birth_place=[[Nairobi]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|mf=yes|1993|09|07}}|number=2|team=[[Kenyan Ports Authority]]|league=|weight_lb=150|height_in=5|height_ft=5|position=Point Guard|caption=|image_size=|medaltemplates=}} {{Databox}} '''Natalie Mwagale''' (an haife ta ranar 7 ga watan Satumba, 1993). ƴar wasan ƙwallon kwando ce na ƙasar Kenya. Ta buga ƙwallon kwando wa Hukumar kula da tashoshin jiragen ruwa ta Kenya da kuma kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Kenya . <ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2021/player/Natalie-Mwangale</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwarewa == Mwagale tana buga kwallo wa kungiyar Kwando ta Hukumar Tashoshin Ruwa ta Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citizen.digital/sports/lionesses-exit-afrobasket-with-heads-high-says-akinyi-13100828 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-05-15 |archive-date=2022-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127195621/https://www.citizen.digital/sports/lionesses-exit-afrobasket-with-heads-high-says-akinyi-13100828 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Mata ta Kenya == Mwagale tana buga ƙwallon kwando 3x3 ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Kenya 3x3. <ref>https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/20700cf5-8397-42b1-8177-393ee6184f1b</ref> Ta kuma taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Kenya , ta halarci gasar mata ta Afrobasket na 2021 inda ta samu maki 8, ta sake dawowa da maki 4.7 da kuma taimakon 4.3. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category: Haifaffun 1993]] i75ydi89glw72fs5y19bd5im0uwdmsn 3 37368 889326 888392 2026-07-30T09:37:46Z A09 23573 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-42060-68|~2026-42060-68]] ([[User talk:~2026-42060-68|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] 177259 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chans.666! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chans.666|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 1 Oktoba 2022 (UTC) r3idoa905w021a2iuig1bf76yjzhd9j 0 38804 889031 571649 2026-07-29T15:44:42Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 889031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Aduku Asaga''' dan siyasar [[Ghana]] ne. Ya kasance dan majalisa mai wakiltar Nabdam a yankin Upper Gabas ta Ghana daga shekara ta 1997 izuwa 2013. Ya rasa kujerarsa a zaben Disamba na shekara ta 2012 a hannun Boniface Agambilla na New Patriotic Party (NPP)<ref>http://graphic.com.gh/Politics/moses-asaga-lose-nabdam-seat-to-boniface-agambilla.html</ref> wanda ya tsaya masa a jam'iyyar. zaben 2008 amma ya sha kaye. Ya kuma kasance ministan ayyuka da walwalar jama'a a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=230601 |access-date=2022-11-16 |archive-date=2016-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821233021/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=230601 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An nada shi a farkon shekara ta 2012 bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministocin da Shugaba Mills ya yi.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=228495</ref> An zabi Moses Asaga a matsayin minista a shekara ta 2009 amma an janye shi bayan takaddama game da wasu lambobin yabo na tsohon gratia da ya ba da izini. Bayan da John Dramani Mahama ya lashe babban zaɓe na 2012, ya maye gurbin Moses Asaga da Nii Armah Ashietey a matsayin ministan ayyuka da walwalar jama'a[5]. Daga nan sai tsohon shugaban kasa John Dramani Mahama ya ba shi mukamin C.E.O na hukumar mai ta kasa a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=228489 |access-date=2022-11-16 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001751/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=228489 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.ghananewsagency.org/social/moses-asaga-hands-over-to-his-successor-58682</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Moses Asaga ya yi digirinsa na biyu (BSc) a fannin Chemistry daga Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta [[Kwame Nkrumah]]. Ya kuma yi MSc a fannin Injiniya na Man Fetur daga Jami’ar Aberdeen da MBA, Finance daga Jami’ar Yonsei. Bugu da ƙari, yana da MPhil a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Durham, [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gcb.com.gh/investor-relations/board-of-directors |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-11-16 |archive-date=2014-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901073518/http://www.gcb.com.gh/investor-relations/board-of-directors |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Asaga masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ma'aikacin banki.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Ghana Parliamentary Register, 2004-2008|publisher=The Office of Parliament|year=2004|location=Ghana|pages=179}}</ref> Ya kasance manaja kuma mai ba da kuɗaɗen ayyuka na Kamfanin Man Fetur na Ghana (GNPC) a Tema.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Asaga, Moses|url=http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=84|access-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506152335/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=84|archive-date=6 May 2016}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Asaga memba ne na National Democratic Congress.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160506152335/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=84</ref> Ya zama dan majalisa daga watan Janairun 2005 bayan ya zama wanda ya yi nasara a babban zabe a watan Disamba na 2004.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|author=Peace FM|title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Nabdam Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/uppereast/172/index.php|access-date=2020-08-03|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shi ne dan majalisar wakilai na mazabar Nabdam.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Peace FM|title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Bawku Central Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/uppereast/164/index.php|access-date=2020-08-03|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116161010/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/uppereast/164/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Asaga#cite_note-:1-7</ref> An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisa na wannan mazaba a majalisa ta hudu da ta biyar a jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu.<ref>http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/uppereast/172/index.php{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=Peace FM|title=Ghana Election 2008 Results - Nabdam Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/uppereast/172/index.php|access-date=2020-08-03|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Zabe == An fara zaben Asaga a matsayin dan majalisa ne a kan tikitin jam’iyyar National Democratic Congress da kuri’u 8,490 daga cikin 11,348 da aka kada kuri’u 56.30% a kan Nicholas Nayembil Nonlant wanda ya samu kuri’u 2,107 da ke wakiltar 14.00% da Edward Babah Sampanah wanda ya samu kuri’u 750.%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/uppereast/172/index.php |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-11-16 |archive-date=2022-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116161419/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/uppereast/172/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Nabdam na yankin Upper Gabas ta Ghana a babban zaben Ghana na 2004. Ya yi nasara a kan tikitin National Democratic Congress.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Asaga#cite_note-:0-13</ref><ref name=":4">http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/uppereast/172/index.php{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mazabarsa wani bangare ne na kujeru 9 na 'yan majalisa daga cikin kujeru 13 da jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta samu a zaben na yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref>https://www.fact-checkghana.com/statistics-presidential-parliamentary-election-results/</ref> Jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta lashe kujeru 94 na 'yan majalisa daga cikin kujeru 230.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/president/index.php |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-11-16 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106102817/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/president/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zabe shi da kuri'u 6,450 daga cikin 10,778 da aka jefa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Wannan yayi daidai da kashi 59.8% na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa.[9][13] An zabe shi a kan Somtim Tobiga na babban taron jama'a, Boniface Gambila Adagbila na New Patriotic Party da Tampure Ayenyeta William na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party.[9][13] Wadannan sun samu kuri'u 1,002, 3,227 da 99 bi da bi na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada. Waɗannan sun yi daidai da 9.3%, 29.9% da 0.9% bi da bi na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> A shekarar 2008, ya ci zaben gama-gari a kan tikitin jam’iyyar National Democratic Congress na wannan mazaba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160506152335/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=84</ref> Mazabarsa tana cikin kujeru 8 na 'yan majalisu 8 daga cikin kujeru 13 da jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta samu a wancan zaben na yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress ta lashe kujeru 114 na 'yan majalisa daga cikin kujeru 230.<ref>http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/index.php{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An zabe shi da kuri'u 5,369 daga cikin 11,230 da aka jefa. Wannan yayi daidai da kashi 47.81% na jimlar ƙuri'un da aka jefa. An zabe shi a kan Boniface Agambila Adagbila na New Patriotic Party, Somtim Tobiga na babban taron jama'a da Tampugre Ayenyeta William na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party. Wadannan sun samu kashi 45.39%, 6.37% da 0.44% bi da bi na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada.<ref>http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/uppereast/172/index.php{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Asaga#cite_note-:7-17</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Asaga Kirista ne kuma Katolika ne.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160506152335/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=84</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 0nb4kyly7yd11ep9kt06cc2qlxtl5p7 0 39540 889228 884991 2026-07-30T03:41:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.co m/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan ƙungiyoyin farko tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142314/https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na ƙungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa ƙungiyar ƙwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da ƙwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo ƙarshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, shekarar 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> 6bluvewqtsrf3tidvuhhyxi7qhal2cv 0 43087 889079 512672 2026-07-29T16:54:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Derrick Alston 2014.jpg|thumb|ndizera]] '''Ndizera Ange''' ɗan ƙasar Ruwanda ne kuma kwararren ɗan jaridan [[wasanni]] ne. NDIZERA Ange ya yi aiki a kamfanonin watsa labaru daban-daban kamar yadda ya fara a Energy Radio FM, ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin dan jarida na wasanni a wani kamfanin watsa labarai na wasanni a Isango Star da Isango TV [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], inda yake ba da labaran wasanni . NDIZERA Ange memba ne na kungiyar 'yan jarida [[Wasanni|ta wasanni]] AJSPOR NDIZERA Ange masoyin Manchester United ne daga [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] a nahiyar [[Turai]]. <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80608/jean-butoyi-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ishyirahamwe-ry-abany-80608.html</ref> <ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} avm1hm3sap0k4upkjj4u5r3qjlhsa8c 0 44105 889237 485764 2026-07-30T04:50:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Paul Cole Chiori''' (wanda kuma akafi sani da Ossy Achievas) ɗan kasuwar watsa labarai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]] kuma mai gudanarwa na kiɗa. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Achievas Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/achievas-entertainment |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2021-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824064458/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/achievas-entertainment |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shi ma jakadan zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.<ref>https://www.kemifilani.ng/news/un-peace-ambassador-paul-cole-calls-for</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An kuma haifi Ossy a jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]<nowiki/>dake Najeriya, kuma ya girma a [[Ajegunle]], Legas. Ya fara Achievas Entertainment a cikin shekarar 2006 kuma ya sanya hannu kan Solid Star na tsawon shekaru 10.<ref>https://notjustok.com/news/solidstar-says-farewell-to-record-label-achievas-entertainment-after-10-years-video/</ref> Ya kuma shirya tare da ciyarwa ta hanyar kamfaninsa Achievas Entertainment, Olamide live in concert daga 2014 zuwa 2016, Burna Boy Live 2018 da [[Davido]] 's 30BG concert 2017 a Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://tushmagazine.com.ng/meet-ossy-achievas/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128030726/https://tushmagazine.com.ng/meet-ossy-achievas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2018, kamfaninsa ya shirya fim na musamman mai suna - The Island.<ref>https://articles.connectnigeria.com/</ref> Ya kuma sanar da ƙaddamar da lambar yabo ta Naija Social Media Awards tare da haɗin gwiwar mai gabatar da gidan talabijin, Emma Ugolee.<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/09/naija-social-media-awards/</ref> [[Fayil:Ossy Achievas.jpg|thumb|Ossy Achievas]] A cikin shekarar 2019 kamfanin nishaɗinsa ''Achievas Entertainment''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/achievas-entertainment |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2021-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824064458/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/achievas-entertainment |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya shirya wani babban abin farin ciki wanda kuma ya haɗa da nunin titin jirgin sama wanda [[Stephanie Aleye Chiori]] ke kulawa kuma [[Ayo Makun]], [[Nancy Isime]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/premium-lagos-hosts-the-citys-most-luxurious-party-at-balmoral/lbemhml |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2021-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824072815/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/premium-lagos-hosts-the-citys-most-luxurious-party-at-balmoral/lbemhml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/09/premium-lagos-last-summer/</ref> ne suka shirya shi a tsakanin sauran kuma ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo da aka ƙaddamar. wani sabon kayan nishaɗi mai suna Premium Lagos. == Tallafawa da kyaututtuka == Ossy ya kuma ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Richout a cikin shekarar 2018 don taimakawa marasa galihu da gwauraye.<ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/achievas-entertainment-boss-ossy-touched-by-plight-of-poor-citizens/</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara ! Kyauta ! '''Kashi''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 2015 | NEA | ''Record Executive na Shekara'' | An zabi |+ !Shekara ! Kyauta ! '''Kashi''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 2016 | NEA | ''Gudanar da Kiɗa na Shekara'' | An zabi |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] g5xjjkq893989ybmcphvli8pp02agyc 0 44146 889201 881686 2026-07-29T23:36:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}'''Obadiah Mailafia''' (24 Disamba 1956 - 19 Satumba 2021) masanin tattalin arziki ne na ci gaban Najeriya kuma ɗan takarar shugabancin Najeriya na 2019 na African Democratic Congress (ADC). Ya kasance tsohon '''Obadiah Mailafia''' (24 Disamba 1956 - 19 Satumba 2021) ya kasance masanin tattalin arziki na ci gaban Najeriya kuma dan takarar zaben shugaban kasa na 2019 na Majalisar Dattijai ta Afirka (ADC). Ya kasance tsohon jami'in Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka kuma Mataimakin Gwamna na [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] (CBN) sau ɗaya.<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2018 |title=badiah O. Mailafia: Know Your Presidential Candidate (2019 Elections) |url=https://infomediang.com/2018/10/10/obadiah-mailafia-african-democratic-congress-presidential-aspirant/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Infomediang.com |archive-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060901/https://infomediang.com/2018/10/10/obadiah-mailafia-african-democratic-congress-presidential-aspirant/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma kasance Shugaban Ma'aikatan Ƙungiyar Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific (ACP), cibiyar ci gaban kasashe 79 da ke zaune a Brussels, [[Beljik|Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACP Chef de Cabinet Dr Obadiah Mailafia and ACP Chief Legal Counsel Ms Katalaina Sapolu - ACP |url=http://www.acp.int/content/acp-chef-de-cabinet-dr-obadiah-mailafia-and-acp-chief-legal-counsel-ms-katalaina-sapolu |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=Acp.int}}</ref> ƙungiyar Bankin Raya Afirka kuma tsohon mataimakin gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] (CBN). <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Central Bank of Nigeria:: List of Retired Directors |url=https://www.cbn.gov.ng/AboutCBN/RetiredExecutive.asp?Name=Dr.+Obadiah+Mailafia&Biodata=mailafia |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=Cbn.gov.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2018 |title=badiah O. Mailafia: Know Your Presidential Candidate (2019 Elections) |url=https://infomediang.com/2018/10/10/obadiah-mailafia-african-democratic-congress-presidential-aspirant/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Infomediang.com |archive-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060901/https://infomediang.com/2018/10/10/obadiah-mailafia-african-democratic-congress-presidential-aspirant/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma kasance Babban Jami'in Ma'aikata na [[Ƙungiyar Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific|Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific]] (ACP), cibiyar ci gaban ƙasashe 79 da ke Brussels, [[Beljik|Belgium]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ACP Chef de Cabinet Dr Obadiah Mailafia and ACP Chief Legal Counsel Ms Katalaina Sapolu - ACP |url=http://www.acp.int/content/acp-chef-de-cabinet-dr-obadiah-mailafia-and-acp-chief-legal-counsel-ms-katalaina-sapolu |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=Acp.int}}</ref> An haifi Mailafia a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1956 a ƙauyen Randa da ke yankin ƙaramar hukumar [[Sanga]] a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] . Mahaifinsa Baba Mailafia Gambo Galadima mai wa'azin bishara ne a cocin Evangelical Reformed Church of Central Nigeria (ERCC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumm, (Hermann) Karl Wilhelm (1874-1930) and Lucy Evangeline [Guinness] (1865-1906) - History of Missiology |url=http://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/i-k/kumm-hermann-karl-wilhelm-1874-1930-and-lucy-evangeline-guinness-1865-1906/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=Bu.edu}}</ref> An haifi Mailafia tun yana ɗan mishan a cikin yanayi mai ƙabilanci daban-daban. Daga baya iyayensa suka koma Murya, [[Lafia]], a [[Nasarawa|jihar Nasarawa]], inda ya girma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soludo's Successor: Yar'adua, Consider Obadiah Mailafia |url=http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/idang-alibi/soludos-successor-yaradua-consider-obadiah-mailafia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227094955/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/idang-alibi/soludos-successor-yaradua-consider-obadiah-mailafia.html |archive-date=27 February 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Nigeriavillagesquare.com}}</ref> Ya fara karatunsa na firamare a Makarantar Mission ta Musha Sudan United daga 1964 zuwa 1969 sannan ya ci gaba da zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Mada Hills, Akwanga daga 1970 zuwa 1974. Ya lashe kyautar Kwamishinan Ilimi, kuma saboda mUnited Mission School daga 1964 zuwa 1969 kuma ya ci gaba zuwa Mada Hills Secondary School, Akwanga daga 1970 zuwa 1974. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwamishinan Ilimi kuma saboda matakan 'A', ya halarci Makarantar Nazarin Basic (SBS) a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]], tsakanin 1974 da 1975. Daga baya ya kammala karatu a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]], a 1978 tare da B.Sc. Digiri na girmamawa na Kimiyya ta Jama'a ([[Siyasa]], Tattalin Arziki da Ilimin Jama'a). Har ila yau, yana da M.Sc. daga wannan ma'aikatar. Daga baya ya nemi tallafin Gwamnatin Faransa zuwa Faransa, inda ya sami takardar shaidar a cikin Harshen Faransanci da wayewa daga Jami'ar Clermont-Ferrand a shekarar 1985. A shekara ta 1986 ya kuma sami difloma (daidai da M.Phil.) a cikin Tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa daga Institut International d'Administration Public (IIAP), reshe na kasa da kasa da kuma 'yar'uwa ta babbar makarantar École Nationale d'Administracion (ENA) ta Faransa.atakinsa na 'A', ya halarci Makarantar Nazarin Asali (SBS) a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Tarihin Zariya|Zariya]], tsakanin 1974 da 1975. Daga baya ya kammala karatunsa [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Tarihin Zariya|Zariya]], a 1978 da digirin B.Sc. Honours a fannin Kimiyyar Zamani ( [[Siyasa]], Tattalin Arziki da [[Kimiyar al'umma|Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam]] ). Yana kuma da digirin M.Sc. daga wannan jami'ar. Daga baya ya nemi tallafin karatu na Gwamnatin Faransa zuwa Faransa, inda ya sami takardar shaidar digiri a fannin Harshen Faransanci da Wayewa daga Jami'ar Clermont-Ferrand a shekarar 1985. A shekarar 1986 ya kuma sami takardar shaidar digiri (daidai da M.Phil.) a fannin tattalin arziki na duniya daga Institut International d'Administration Public (IIAP), wata cibiyar kasa da kasa kuma 'yar'uwar cibiyar École Nationale d'Administration (ENA) ta Faransa. Daga baya Mailafia ya tafi Burtaniya a matsayin malamar Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth a Kwalejin Oriel, inda ya sami digiri na DPhil daga [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a shekarar 1995. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2017 |title=Obadiah Mailafia |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/mailafia-dr-obadiah/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Blerf.org}}</ref> Mailafia ya fara aikinsa na koyar da [[gwamnati]] da tattalin arziki a Makarantar Koyon Anglican Grammar da ke Arigidi-Ikare a [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]], [[Najeriya]] tsakanin 1978 da 1979 a Mailafia ya fara aikinsa na koyar da [[Gwamnati]] da Tattalin Arziki a makarantar sakandare ta Akoko Anglican, Arigidi-Ikare a [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]], [[Najeriya]] tsakanin 1978 da 1979 a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinsa na farko a lokacin shekarar da ya zama na kasa. Bayan hidimar ƙasa ya koma [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], a matsayin Mataimakin Digiri a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jama'a daga 1980 zuwa 1982. A wannan lokacin ya ba da lacca ga ɗalibai kuma ya kasance Mataimakin Bincike ga Farfesa [[Ibrahim Gambari]], wanda daga baya ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje kuma daga baya ya ba da shawara ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Harkokin Siyasa. wani ɓangare na babban aikinsa a lokacin shekarar [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|hidimar matasa ta ƙasa]] . Bayan ya yi hidimar ƙasa, ya koma [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], a matsayin Mataimakin Digiri a fannin Fasaha da Kimiyyar Zamani daga 1980 zuwa 1982. A wannan lokacin ya yi wa ɗaliban jami'a lacca kuma ya kasance Mataimakin Bincike ga Farfesa [[Ibrahim Gambari]], wanda daga baya ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje kuma daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan Harkokin Siyasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Daga 1982 zuwa 1989, Mailafia ya kasance memba kuma a wani lokaci Daraktan Bincike na [[Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa da Dabaru ta ƙasa|Mukaddashin Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofi da Dabaru ta Ƙasa]] (NIPSS). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies - Kuru |url=http://nipsskuru.gov.ng/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=Nipsskuru.gov.ng}}</ref> Yana cikin tawagar da ta shirya rahoto na musamman kan Gyaran Hukumomin [[Ƙaramar hukuma|Kananan Hukumomi]] a tsakanin 1982-1983. Ya kuma rubuta rahoto tare kan Rikicin Addini na Maitatsine wanda ya zama ginshiƙin martanin gwamnati ga rikicin (1984). Tare da haɗin gwiwar Farfesa Adedotun Phillips da Eghosa Daga 1982 zuwa 1989, Mailafia ya kasance Fellow kuma wani lokaci Darakta na Bincike na Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Kasa da Nazarin Dabarun (NIPSS). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies - Kuru |url=http://nipsskuru.gov.ng/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=Nipsskuru.gov.ng}}</ref> Ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar da ta shirya rahoto na musamman game da gyare-gyaren kananan hukumomi a lokacin 1982-1983. Ya kuma rubuta wani rahoto game da Maitatsine Religious Riots wanda ya zama tushen martani na gwamnati ga rikicin (1984). Tare da hadin gwiwa Farfesa Adedotun Phillips da Eghosa Osagie, ya shirya takardu da yawa na fasaha da ke ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Najeriya kan manufofin tattalin arziki da sake fasalin tattalin arziki. Ya yi aiki a kwamitin da ya ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Sojojin Tarayya kan hanyar zaman lafiya ga Rikicin Kogin Bakassi na Najeriya da Kamaru. Ya taimaka wajen guje wa mummunar yaki tsakanin kasashe makwabta biyu. A Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa ya zo karkashin jagorancin fitattun 'yan Najeriya wadanda suka karfafa sha'awarsa a hidimar jama'a: Cif [[Simeon Adebo]], Pius Okigbo, [[Eme Awa]], [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]], Gidado Idris, [[Akinola Aguda]], [[Moshood Abiola|Moshood Kashimawo Abiola]] da [[Claude Ake]]., ya shirya takardu da dama na fasaha suna ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Najeriya kan manufofin tattalin arziki da gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki. Ya yi aiki a kwamitin da ya ba wa Gwamnatin Soja ta Tarayya shawara kan hanyar lumana ta warware rikicin yankin Bakassi na Najeriya da Kamaru. Ya taimaka wajen guje wa mummunan yaƙi tsakanin ƙasashen biyu maƙwabta. A Cibiyar Ƙasa, ya zo ƙarƙashin jagorancin manyan 'yan Najeriya waɗanda suka ƙarfafa sha'awarsa ga ayyukan gwamnati: Cif [[Simeon Adebo]], Pius Okigbo, [[Eme Awa]], [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]], [[Gidado Idris]], [[Akinola Aguda]], [[Moshood Abiola|Moshood Kashimawo Abiola]] da [[Claude Ake]] . Daga 1990 zuwa 1995, Mailafia ya kasance malami kuma malami a fannin tattalin arziki da siyasa na yankuna masu tasowa a Kwalejin Plater Oxford a lokacin kwalejin mataimakiyar [[Jami'ar Oxford]] . A lokacin 1995-1996, ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a Kwalejin New England, Arundel, shirin ilimi na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin New England. Daga baya ya zama malami a fannin kuɗi na ƙasashen duniya a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Richmond, Jami'ar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Amurka da ke Landan (1997-1998). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Richmond Business School – Richmond University |url=https://www.richmond.ac.uk/faculty-research/richmond-business-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060145/https://www.richmond.ac.uk/faculty-research/richmond-business-school/ |archive-date=27 February 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya koma Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Regents da ke Landan (1998-2000). Daga 2001 zuwa 2005, Mailafia ya yi aiki a matsayin babban masanin tattalin arziki a Sashen Tsare-tsare da Kasafin Kudi na Ƙungiyar [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Development Bank - Building today, a better Africa tomorrow |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=African Development Bank}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a [[Abidjan]] da kuma [[Tunis]] lokacin da aka mayar da bankin zuwa [[Tunisiya]] na ɗan lokaci. A wannan matsayin, ya kasance yana kan ayyuka da dama a faɗin Afirka don kula da ayyuka a fannin wutar lantarki da [[Infrastructure|kayayyakin more rayuwa]], da masana'antar [[noma]] . Ya kuma kasance manajan economist in the Strategic Planning and Budgeting Department of the [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|African Development Bank]] Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Development Bank - Building today, a better Africa tomorrow |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=African Development Bank}}</ref> He served both in [[Abidjan]] and in [[Tunis]] when the bank was temporarily relocated to [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]]. In this capacity he was on several missions throughout Africa to supervise projects in power and [[Infrastructure|infrastructures]], [[Noma|agriculture]] industry. He was also the task manager for coordinating grants to research institutions throughout [[Afirka|Africa]], including such institutions as the Council for Social Science Research,<ref>{{Cite web |title=CODESRIA |url=https://www.codesria.org/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=codesria.org}}</ref> African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://aercafrica.org/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=AERC - African Economic Research Consortium}}</ref> and the African Capacity Development Foundation (ACBF). He drafted the Concept Note that was later adopted by the board of the [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|AFDB]], leading to the establishment of New Partnership for Africa's Development ([[Sabon Haɗin gwiwa don Ci gaban Afirka|NEPAD]]) and was also a Member of the AfDB and the don daidaita tallafi ga cibiyoyin bincike a duk faɗin [[Afirka]], gami da cibiyoyi kamar Majalisar Binciken Kimiyyar Zamantakewa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=CODESRIA |url=https://www.codesria.org/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=codesria.org}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Binciken Tattalin Arzikin Afirka (AERC) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://aercafrica.org/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=AERC - African Economic Research Consortium}}</ref> da Gidauniyar Ci Gaban Ƙarfin Afirka (ACBF). Ya tsara Bayanin Ra'ayi wanda daga baya hukumar [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|AFDB]] ta amince da shi, wanda ya kai ga kafa Sabuwar Haɗin gwiwa don Ci Gaban Afirka ( [[Sabon Haɗin gwiwa don Ci gaban Afirka|NEPAD]] ) kuma ya kasance memba na AfDB da Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (UNECA) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Capacity Building Foundation |url=https://acbf-pact.org/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=Acbf-pact.org}}</ref> wanda ya ba da tallafin fasaha ga kwamitin gudanarwa na shugabannin ƙasashe da gwamnatoci kan kafa [[Sabon Haɗin gwiwa don Ci gaban Afirka|NEPAD]] da sakatariyarsa. Daga 2005 zuwa 2007, Mailafia ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] (CBN). <ref name="auto"/> A wannan matsayin, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na bankin kuma shi ne babban mai alhakin kula da manufofin kuɗi, manufofin tattalin arziki, bincike da kididdiga da kuma hulɗa da hukumomin yanki da na ƙasashen duniya, ciki har da IMF da Bankin Duniya . Ya kasance babban mai taka rawa a cikDaga 2005 zuwa 2007, Mailafia ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna na [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] (CBN). <ref name="auto" /> A wannan matsayin ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktocin bankin kuma yana da alhakin gudanar da manufofin kudi, Manufofin tattalin arziki, bincike da kididdiga da hulɗa tare da hukumomin yanki da na duniya, gami da IMF da Bankin Duniya. Ya kasance babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikin karfafa banki na 2005-2006 wanda ya haifar da sake fasalin bangaren banki na Najeriya. Ya kula da rage yawan bankunan kasuwanci, ta hanyar haɗuwa da saye-saye, daga bankunan 89 zuwa 25 da aka karfafa; aikin da aka dauka a matsayin daya daga cikin nasarorin da suka fi nasara a ko'ina cikin kasashe masu tasowa a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan.in aikin haɗa bankuna na 2005-2006 wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare a ɓangaren bankunan Najeriya. Ya kula da rage yawan bankunan kasuwanci, ta hanyar haɗaka da saye, daga bankuna 89 zuwa 25 masu haɗin gwiwa; aikin da aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan ƙoƙarin da suka fi nasara a ko'ina cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin 'yan lokutan nan. Daga 2010 zuwa 2015, Mailafia shine Shugaban Ma'aikata (Chef de Cabinet) a cikin ƙungiyar ƙasashe 79 na Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific (ACP) da ke Brussels, [[Beljik|Belgium]] . A wannan matsayin, shi ne babban mai ba da shawara ga Babban Sakataren, yana kula da ayyukan gudanarwa na dabaru; yana hulɗa da abokan hulɗa na waje kamar Hukumar Turai, Majalisar Turai, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage - European Investment Bank |url=https://www.eib.org/en/index.htm |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=Eib.org}}</ref> hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da IMF da Bankin Duniya . Ya kasance yana da hannu a cikin kula da asusun tallafin kuɗi [[Tarayyar Turai|na EU]] na Yuro biliyan 22 ga ƙasashen ACP a ƙarƙashin Asusun Raya Turai na 10 (EDF) da Yuro biliyan 31.5 don [[11th European Development Fund|Asusun Raya Turai na 11]] wanda ya shafi shekarun 2015-2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2013 |title=European Development Fund (EDF) |url=https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/funding/funding-instruments-programming/funding-instruments/european-development-fund_en |access-date=2 March 2019 |website=International Cooperation and Development}}</ref> Mailafia ya kuma kasance yana hulɗa da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB) kan yadda za a gudanar da Asusun Albarkatun Intra-ACP na Yuro biliyan 5 wanda EIB ke kula da shi, wanda ya ƙunshi Asusun Kayayyakin more rayuwa na Afirka da Cibiyar Zuba Jari ta da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB) kan gudanar da Asusun Intra-ACP biliyan 5 wanda EIB ke sarrafawa, wanda ya ƙunshi Asusun Mailafia ta kuma kasance tana hulɗa da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB) kan gudanar da Asusun Intra-ACP biliyan 5 wanda EIB ke sarrafawa, wanda ya ƙunshi Asusun Infrastructure na Afirka da Cibiyar Zuba Jarin ACP-EIB. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kungiyar ACP Strategic Management Group da kuma mai tsara shirin dabarun Sakatariyar, Sabuntawa da Canji (2011 na Afirka da Cibiyar Zuba Jarin ACP-EIB. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kungiyar ACP Strategic Management Group da kuma mai tsara shirin dabarun Sakatariyar, Sabuntawa da Canji (2011-2014). Ya kuma kasance shugaban ƙungiyar ACP Strategic Management Group kuma mai tsara shirin tsare-tsare, sabuntawa da sauyi na sakatariya (2011–2014). == Ra'ayoyin da ake jayayya == A ranar 20 ga Agusta, 2020, Mailafia yayin da yake bayyana a matsayin bako a wani gidan rediyo na gida ya yi ikirarin cewa yana cikin sanin cewa wasu tsoffin mayakan Boko Haram sun amsa cewa daya daga cikin gwamnonin arewacin kasar shine kwamandan kungiyar 'yan ta'adda. Bayan kwana uku, hukumar kula da kafafen yada labarai ta kasar, NBC, ta soki gidan rediyon saboda "tana samar da dandamalin ta ga bakon, Dr. Mailafia Obadiah, don tallata ra'ayoyin da ba za a iya tantancewa ba da kuma wadanda za su iya karfafa ko haifar da aikata laifuka da kuma haifar da rudani a bainar jama'a", sannan ta ci shi tarar dala miliyan ₦5. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olisah |first=Chike |date=2020-08-13 |title=NBC slams N5 million fine on Nigeria Info over Mailafia's inciting comments |url=https://nairametrics.com/2020/08/13/just-in-nbc-slams-n5-million-fine-on-nigeria-info-over-mailafia-comments/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> Makonni da dama bayan haka, 'yan sandan sirri na Najeriya, [[State Security Service (Nijeriya)|SSS]], sun gayyaci Mailafia zuwa ofishinta don bayar da bayani kan ikirarinsa kuma 'yan sandan kasa sun ce yana ailafia yayin da yake bayyana a matsayin baƙo a gidan rediyo na gida ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya san cewa wasu tsoffin mayakan Boko Haram sun furta cewa daya daga cikin gwamnonin arewacin kasar shine kwamandan kungiyar ta'addanci. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, mai kula da kafofin watsa labarai na kasar, NBC, ya zargi tashar don "[ba da] dandalin ta ga baƙon, Dokta Mailafia Obadiah, don inganta ra'ayoyin da ba za a iya tabbatar da su ba da kuma haifar da aikata laifuka da haifar da rikice-rikicen jama'a", kuma ya ci tarar ta da jimlar 化5m.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olisah |first=Chike |date=2020-08-13 |title=NBC slams N5 million fine on Nigeria Info over Mailafia's inciting comments |url=https://nairametrics.com/2020/08/13/just-in-nbc-slams-n5-million-fine-on-nigeria-info-over-mailafia-comments/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> Makonni da yawa bayan haka, 'yan sanda na sirri na Najeriya, [[State Security Service (Nijeriya)|SSS]], sun gayyaci Mailafia zuwa ofishinta don ba da bayani game da ikirarinsa kuma' yan sanda na kasa sun ce yana karkashin binciken aikata laifuka. A mayar da martani, Mailafia ta yi hira da wata jarida tana cewa rayuwarsa tana cikin haɗari kuma "dakarun siyasa masu iko suna so su yi mini shiru har abada saboda faɗin gaskiya".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |date=September 11, 2020 |title=My life now in danger says Mailafia as DSS invites him for the third time |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/my-life-now-in-danger-says-mailafia-as-dss-invites-him-for-the-third-time/ |access-date=July 3, 2024 |website=ICIR Nigeria}}</ref> binciken laifuka. A martanin da ya mayar, Mailafia ya amince da wata hira da wata jarida yana mai cewa rayuwarsa tana cikin hatsari kuma "masu karfi na siyasa suna son su yi min shiru har abada saboda fadin gaskiya". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ufuoma |first=Vincent |date=September 11, 2020 |title=My life now in danger says Mailafia as DSS invites him for the third time |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/my-life-now-in-danger-says-mailafia-as-dss-invites-him-for-the-third-time/ |access-date=July 3, 2024 |website=ICIR Nigeria}}</ref> Mailafia ya tsaya takarar shugabancin [[Najeriya|Tarayyar Najeriya]] a zaben shugaban kasa na 2019 a karkashin jam'iyyar African Democratic Congress Mailafia ta tsaya takarar shugabancin Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya a zaben shugaban kasa na 2019 a karkashin dandalin African Democratic Congress (ADC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Democratic Congress (ADC) – Arise and Shine |url=https://www.adcparty.org.ng/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926154858/http://www.adcparty.org.ng/ |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> Ya shiga siyasa bayan sanannen tarihi "hannun hannu" ta hadin gwiwar Middle Belt Forum (MBF) da Kudancin [[Afenifere]] na ƙasar Yoruba, Ohanaeze Ndigbo da PANDEF na Niger Delta.. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Democratic Congress (ADC) – Arise and Shine |url=https://www.adcparty.org.ng/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926154858/http://www.adcparty.org.ng/ |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> Ya shiga siyasa bayan wani sanannen "musayen hannu" na tarihi da hadin gwiwar Middle Belt Forum (MBF) da kuma Kudancin [[Afenifere]] na kasar Yarabawa, Ohanaeze Ndigbo da PANDEF na [[Neja Delta|Niger Delta suka yi]] . Mailafia ya mutu sakamakon [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2021 |title=Obadiah Mailafia, former CBN deputy governor, dies after brief illness |url=https://www.okay.ng/obadiah-mailafia-former-cbn-deputy-governor-dies/ |access-date=19 September 2021 |website=Okay.ng}}</ref> 19 ga Mailafia ta mutu daga [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] 19 Satumba 2021 a [[Asibitin Ƙasa, Abuja|Asibitin Kasa, Abuja]], Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2021 |title=Obadiah Mailafia, former CBN deputy governor, dies after brief illness |url=https://www.okay.ng/obadiah-mailafia-former-cbn-deputy-governor-dies/ |access-date=19 September 2021 |website=Okay.ng}}</ref>, 2021 a [[Asibitin Ƙasa, Abuja]], Najeriya. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * Mailafia, O. Turai da Gyaran Tattalin Arziki a Afirka: Gyaran Tsarin da Tattalin Ruwa na Tattalin arziki (littafin shafi 400), New York da [[Landan]]: Routledge, 1997; * Mailafia, O. "The Social Character of Nigerian Diplomats," a cikin Sunny G. Tyoden (ed.), Essays on Nigerian Foreign Policy, National Institute Press, 2007. * Mailafia, O. (ed.) Kalubale da Dama a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Najeriya (edited), NIPSS Press, 1989. * Mailafia, O. "Hakkin Dan Adam da Adalci na Rarraba Duniya", Anikpo & G. Shepherd (ed.) Emerging Human Rights: African Political Economy Context, New York: Greenwood 1990. * Mailafia, O., Kasuwancin Kasuwanci Liberalization in Developing Economes: Theories and Evidence, Rubutun takarda da aka bayar a Babban Taron Zartarwa na CBN da aka gudanar a [[Kalaba|Calabar]], Fabrairu 2007. * Mailafia, O., "Gwamnatin Tattalin Arziki a Najeriya: Darussan daga Asiya Pacific," a cikin Paul Collier da [[Charles Soludo]] (ed.), Gyaran Tattalin Ruwa da Zaɓin Manufofin a Najeriya, Oxford University Press (mai zuwa). * Mailafia, O. "Manufar Masana'antu a Najeriya: Rahoton da aka gabatar ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya kan Manufofin Masana'antar Masana'a a Kasashen Tsakiya da Ƙananan Kasuwanci, wanda Ma'aikatar Haɗin Kai ta Jamus ta tallafawa, Bonn, Jamus, Cibiyar Ci Gaban Jamus, Disamba 2009. * Mailafia, O. "The Prospects for Democracy in Central and West Africa", "Paper Prepared for the Commonwealth Foundation", London, Yuni 2010. * Mailafia, O., Turai An gani daga Afirka, gudummawar babi a cikin Stefan Schepers & Andrew Kakabadze (ed.), Rethinking the Future of Europe: A Challenge of Governance, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. * Mailafia, O., Yaki da Cin Hanci da Cin Hanyoyin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaban Tattalin Arziki na Najeriya, Kasancewar RubutunMailafia, O. Turai da Gyaran Tattalin Arziki a Afirka: Gyaran Tsarin da Tattalin Ruwa na Tattalin arziki (littafin shafi 400), New York da [[Landan]]: Routledge, 1997; * Mailafia, O. "The Social Character of Nigerian Diplomats," a cikin Sunny G. Tyoden (ed.), Essays on Nigerian Foreign Policy, National Institute Press, 2007. * Mailafia, O. (ed.) Kalubale da Dama a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Najeriya (edited), NIPSS Press, 1989. * Mailafia, O. "Hakkin Dan Adam da Adalci na Rarraba Duniya", Anikpo & G. Shepherd (ed.) Emerging Human Rights: African Political Economy Context, New York: Greenwood 1990. * Mailafia, O., Kasuwancin Kasuwanci Liberalization in Developing Economes: Theories and Evidence, Rubutun takarda da aka bayar a Babban Taron Zartarwa na CBN da aka gudanar a [[Kalaba|Calabar]], Fabrairu 2007. * Mailafia, O., "Gwamnatin Tattalin Arziki a Najeriya: Darussan daga Asiya Pacific," a cikin Paul Collier da [[Charles Soludo]] (ed.), Gyaran Tattalin Ruwa da Zaɓin Manufofin a Najeriya, Oxford University Press (mai zuwa). * Mailafia, O. "Manufar Masana'antu a Najeriya: Rahoton da aka gabatar ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya kan Manufofin Masana'antar Masana'a a Kasashen Tsakiya da Ƙananan Kasuwanci, wanda Ma'aikatar Haɗin Kai ta Jamus ta tallafawa, Bonn, Jamus, Cibiyar Ci Gaban Jamus, Disamba 2009. * Mailafia, O. "The Prospects for Democracy in Central and West Africa", "Paper Prepared for the Commonwealth Foundation", London, Yuni 2010. * Mailafia, O., Turai An gani daga Afirka, gudummawar babi a cikin Stefan Schepers & Andrew Kakabadze (ed.), Rethinking the Future of Europe: A Challenge of Governance, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. * Mailafia, O., Yaki da Cin Hanci da Cin Hanyoyin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaban Tattalin Arziki na Najeriya, Kasancewar Rubutun Kamfanin Tarayya na Najeriya (FRCN) Darasi na Shekara-shekara na Oktoba, Abuja, Alhamis 27 ga Oktoba 2016. Kamfanin Tarayya na Najeriya (FRCN) Darasi na Shekara-shekara na Oktoba, Abuja, Alhamis 27 ga Oktoba 2016. [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] s5wrcrhaecqtwkd3zu40msgzvl1wjkz 0 46472 889239 640655 2026-07-30T05:28:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oussama Abdeldjelil''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1993), shi ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa na ƙasar <nowiki>[[Aljeriya]]</nowiki> wanda ke buga wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Seden a gasar cin kofin ƙasa na Faransa Championnat National.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usma.dz/index.php/component/content/article/88-a-la-une/1821-oussama-abdeldjelil-1ere-recrue?Itemid=437|title=Oussama ABDELDJELIL, 1ère recrue|access-date=2023-04-06|archive-date=2020-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716013959/https://www.usma.dz/index.php/component/content/article/88-a-la-une/1821-oussama-abdeldjelil-1ere-recrue?Itemid=437|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haifi Abdeldjelil a Algeria, kuma ya koma ƙasar Faransa yana ɗan shekaru 6. Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyoyin gida Belligny da FC Villefranche <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.actufoot.com/national/oussama-abdeldjelil-larme-fatale-du-so-cholet|title=Oussama Abdeldjelil, l'arme fatale du SO Cholet|date=25 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref> kafin ya koma ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru a Faransa da Aljeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/sports/ile-de-france/ligue-2-oussama-abdeldjelil-un-serial-buteur-au-red-star-13-01-2019-7987950.php|title=Ligue 2 : Oussama Abdeldjelil, un serial buteur au Red Star|date=13 January 2019|website=leparisien.fr}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Janairun shekarar 2019, Abdeldjelil ya rattaba hannu a matsayin kwararren ɗan wasa tare da ƙungiyar [[Red Star FC]] Mai buga gasar Ligue 2 ta Faransa, bayan fara kakar wasa a matsayin wanda ya fi zura ƙwallaye a gasar Championnat National tare da SO Cholet. Ya buga wasansa na farko a matsayin kwararre tare da Red Star a cikin nasara da ci 1-0 a Ligue 2 akan RC Lens a ranar 14 ga Janairun 2019 yana zira ƙwallaye ɗaya da cin nasara.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lfp.fr/ligue2/feuille_match/85188|title=Red Star FC - RC Lens (1-0) - Saison 2018/2019 - Domino's Ligue 2|website=www.lfp.fr}}</ref> A lokacin rani na shekarar 2019, Abdeldjelil ya rattaba hannu a ƙungiyar Paris FC makwabciyarta ta Ligue 2 bayan da Red Star ta fadi a karshen kakar 2018-19 Ligue 2 . Ba tare da zira ƙwallaye a wasanni 14 ba, ya bar kulob ɗin ya koma Cholet a cikin Janairun 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maligue2.fr/2020/01/22/mercato-oussama-abdeldjelil-va-quitter-le-paris-fc-pour-le-national-1/|title=Mercato – Oussama Abdeldjelil va quitter le Paris FC pour le National 1|publisher=maligue2.fr|language=fr|date=22 January 2020}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2020, tsohon darektan wasanni na Orléans Anthar Yahia ya dauki Abdeldjelil, don bugawa [[USM Alger]] a cikin ƙasar haihuwarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.actufoot.com/69/oussama-abdeldjelil-quitte-cholet-nouveau-challenge/|title=Oussama Abdeldjelil quitte Cholet pour un nouveau challenge|publisher=actufoot.com|language=fr|date=19 June 2020}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2021, Abdeljelil ya rattaba hannu a ƙungiyar Championnat ta Faransa US Boulogne kan kwantiragi har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana, bayan da ya ƙare kwantiraginsa da USM Alger. Wasu majiyoyi sun ce ya ci ƙwallo ukku rigis a farkon wasan sa a kulob ɗin, a wasannin zagaye na takwas na gasar Coupe de France ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairun 2021, ko da yake wasu majiyoyi a lokacin sun ba da ƙwallo ta uku a matsayin ƙwallon da abokan karawa su ka ci gidansu da kansu-(own goal). <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ie/news/oussama-abdeldjelils-hat-trick-propels-us-boulogne-past/oq6otcbmm9f019qx3pe0ollgw|title=Oussama Abdeldjelil’s hat-trick propels US Boulogne past Lambresienne in French Cup|publisher=goal.com|date=16 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/02/16/france/coupe-de-france/union-sportive-de-boulogne-cote-dopale/lambresienne/3454335/|title=Boulogne vs. Lambresienne 5-0|publisher=Soccerway|date=16 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fff.fr/competition/match/23343571-u-s-boulogne-cote-d-opale-ent-s-lambres-lez-douai.html|title=US Boulogne CO 5-0 ES Lambres|publisher=FFF.fr|language=fr|date=16 February 2021|access-date=6 April 2023|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406135156/https://www.fff.fr/competition/match/23343571-u-s-boulogne-cote-d-opale-ent-s-lambres-lez-douai.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Abdeldjelil a Aljeriya, kuma ya wakilci Aljeriya U23 don samun cancantar shiga gasar Olympics .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dzballon.com/2015/10/11/interview-oussama-abdeldjelil-as-saint-priest-en-algerie-espoir/|title=Interview: Oussama Abdeldjelil, AS Saint Priest (EN-Algérie espoir)|first=|last=farid|date=11 October 2015|publisher=}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|264075}} * Oussama Abdeldjelil – French league stats at Ligue 2 (in French) – English translation [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Aljeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] qs742rkn5syzi0iz9tre6yk5miuhkg5 0 46807 889051 535891 2026-07-29T16:12:32Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Esteghlal FC vs Gol Gohar Sirjan FC, 6 March 2023 - 42.jpg|thumb|Eric bocoum]] '''Eric Bocoum''' (an haife shi ranar 16 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Gabon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kulob ɗin Gol Gohar na Gulf Pro League na Farisa.<ref>"Eric Bocoum :: Eric Baboue Bagnama Bocoum :" . playmakerstats.com . Retrieved 2021-11-24.</ref> <ref>"Eric Bocoum Stats, Info and Next Game" . FootballCritic . Retrieved 2021-11-24.</ref> == Sana'a == A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 2022, an sanar da Bocoum a matsayin sabon sa hannu na kulob ɗin Istiklol, tare da kulob ɗin ya tabbatar da tafiyarsa a ƙarshen lokacin lamuni na ranar 4 ga watan Yuli 2022.<ref>"I ntroducing new recruits!" . t.me/fcistiklol2007 . FC Istiklol Telegram. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.</ref> <ref>"Eric Bockum loan expired" . t.me/s/fcistiklol2007 . FC Istiklol Telegram. 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a == {{Updated|match played 30 August 2022}}<ref>{{Soccerway|eric-baboue-bocoum/483210}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin kasa ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="3" valign="center" | Gol Gohar | 2021-22 | rowspan="2" valign="center" | Persian Gulf Pro League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 3 | 0 |- | 2022-23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 5 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 5 ! 0 |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Istiklol (loan) | 2022 <ref>[[2022 FC Istiklol season]]</ref> | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Tajikistan Higher League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 {{Efn|Appearances and goal in the [[AFC Champions League]]|name=ACL}} | 1 | 1 {{Efn|Appearances in the [[Tajik Supercup]]|name=TSC}} | 0 | 8 | 1 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 6 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 6 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 13 ! 1 |} {{Notelist}} == Girmamawa == ; Istiklol * Tajik Supercup (1): 2022<ref>"ИСТИКЛОЛ СТАЛ ОДИННАДЦАТИКРАТНЫМ ОБЛАДАТЕЛЕМ СУПЕРКУБКА ТАДЖИКИСТАНА" . fft.tj/ (in Russian). Tajikistan Football Federation. 8 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|483210}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1996]] 6g49nwwzytndlzj00jpxptpfotnbcxi 889052 889051 2026-07-29T16:12:42Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Esteghlal FC vs Gol Gohar Sirjan FC, 6 March 2023 - 42.jpg|thumb|Eric bocoum]] '''Eric Bocoum''' (an haife shi ranar 16 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Gabon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kulob ɗin Gol Gohar na Gulf Pro League na Farisa.<ref>"Eric Bocoum :: Eric Baboue Bagnama Bocoum :" . playmakerstats.com . Retrieved 2021-11-24.</ref> <ref>"Eric Bocoum Stats, Info and Next Game" . FootballCritic . Retrieved 2021-11-24.</ref> == Sana'a == A ranar 31 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2022, an sanar da Bocoum a matsayin sabon sa hannu na kulob ɗin Istiklol, tare da kulob ɗin ya tabbatar da tafiyarsa a ƙarshen lokacin lamuni na ranar 4 ga watan Yuli 2022.<ref>"I ntroducing new recruits!" . t.me/fcistiklol2007 . FC Istiklol Telegram. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.</ref> <ref>"Eric Bockum loan expired" . t.me/s/fcistiklol2007 . FC Istiklol Telegram. 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a == {{Updated|match played 30 August 2022}}<ref>{{Soccerway|eric-baboue-bocoum/483210}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin kasa ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="3" valign="center" | Gol Gohar | 2021-22 | rowspan="2" valign="center" | Persian Gulf Pro League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 3 | 0 |- | 2022-23 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 5 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 5 ! 0 |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Istiklol (loan) | 2022 <ref>[[2022 FC Istiklol season]]</ref> | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Tajikistan Higher League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 {{Efn|Appearances and goal in the [[AFC Champions League]]|name=ACL}} | 1 | 1 {{Efn|Appearances in the [[Tajik Supercup]]|name=TSC}} | 0 | 8 | 1 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 6 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 6 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 13 ! 1 |} {{Notelist}} == Girmamawa == ; Istiklol * Tajik Supercup (1): 2022<ref>"ИСТИКЛОЛ СТАЛ ОДИННАДЦАТИКРАТНЫМ ОБЛАДАТЕЛЕМ СУПЕРКУБКА ТАДЖИКИСТАНА" . fft.tj/ (in Russian). Tajikistan Football Federation. 8 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|483210}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1996]] onlebmvq65vt6k0aniinnu0gu2qma6m 0 54158 889078 879590 2026-07-29T16:48:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''David Njoku''' Listenⓘ (an haife shi '''Ndave David Njoku''') ɗan fim ne na Najeriya, manajan samarwa tare da masana'antar [[Nollywood]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=friendite talks with Ndave David |url=https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011445/https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/ |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922184404/http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/ |archive-date=2016-09-22 |access-date=2016-07-07}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Ndave ya fito ne daga Ukelefi a yankin karamar hukumar Nkanu ta Gabas ta [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]] amma an haife shi kuma ya girma a Abraka, [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], [[Najeriya]]. Shi ne ɗa na ƙarshe daga cikin iyali na yara bakwai kuma ya girma ba tare da uba ba saboda mutuwarsa ba tare da lokaci ba lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 14 kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie ... |url=https://gossip.friendite.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011548/https://gossip.friendite.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/ |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922184404/http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/ |archive-date=2016-09-22 |access-date=2016-07-07}}</ref> == Ilimi == Ndave ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Abraka . Ya kammala digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Jihar Delta]] (DELSU). <ref>{{Cite web |title=talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |url=http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910050940/http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |archive-date=2016-09-10 |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Gwajin Ndave na farko ya kasance a shekara ta 2004 a karkashin kulawar Mr. Perfect, wanda ya faranta masa rai kuma ya gaya masa cewa ba shi da makoma a cikin fim din. Kashegari ya koma filin sauraro kuma ya ɗauki wani yanki daga rubutun su. Ya yi amfani da rubutun don gyara labarin a cikin kansa kuma ya rubuta rubutun shafi 4. Ya ɗauki rubutun zuwa Cocin Katolika na St. Paul, [[Jami'ar Jihar Delta]] kuma ya tafi tafiya tare da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo. Daga can mutane sun fara ƙarfafa shi ya shiga cikin duniyar fim. Abubuwan da yake sha'awa sune yin bincike da wasa wasanni. Daraktocin da Ndave ya fi so sune Mista Ifeanyi Ikenyi (Mista Hollywood) da Mista Chris Nkem Okafor a.k.a. ChrisNX. Mafi kyawun mai shirya fina-finai na kasashen waje shine Steven Spielberg . Ya kuma yi aiki tare da Sarauniya [[Collete Nwadike]] Exquisite Face of Universe . == Ayyuka == Fim dinsa na farko shi ne Smack Down, inda ya yi aiki tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na A-list kamar [[Van Vicker]], Chiwetalu Agu da [[Uche Jombo]] . Daga nan ya samar da wani ɗan gajeren fim mai taken The War Lord kuma 2008, Ndave ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa tare da Oshilim Gabriel da Oshilam Anthony, fim, Wicked Conscience, tare da Chiwetalu Agu, John Paul, [[Uche Elendu]], da Emmanuel Ahummadu a.k.a. Labista. Fim din ya yi mummunar sakamako kuma ya shiga hutu na shekaru hudu. A cikin 2012, Ndave ya fara daga karami a matsayin manajan wuri a [[Awka]], [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]]. Bayan shekara guda ya haɗu da manajan wuri da matsayin manajan samarwa. Sa'an nan kuma ya sake shiga cikin samarwa kuma ya yi fina-finai masu zuwa * Bottle da ya fashe * JohnPaul da Rebecca * Ƙananan Calabash * Yarinyar Plantain * Ghetto Kunshin * Ya Kuɗi na Jinin * Rashin tausayi na Nene * Hawaye na Nene ''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie &#124; FriendITEgossip |url=http://frienditegossip.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918052209/http://frienditegossip.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/ |archive-date=2016-09-18 |access-date=2016-07-06}}</ref>'' In 2015, Ndave David Njoku co-produced the first ever blockbuster cinema movie in the Eastern region, ''The Last Kidnap''. The movie was produced by Kas-Vid International and directed by Ifeanyi Ikpeonyi a.k.a. Mr. Hollywood.This year 2016 gave Ndave the opportunity to shoot his first short cinema film titled ''The Inhaler'' by CD Initiative Films. He also co-produced another blockbuster, ''Polygamous Family'' starring [[Pete Edochie]], Remi Ohajianya, Imet Goodluck .a.k.a. Tallest man. The film was produced by OG Best International.Completed a new movie starring [[Nkem Owoh]], Tana Adelena Egbo, and others, for Amaco Investment and just concluded a movie project for Dekross Productions, he has also work with [[Kingsley Onyenma]].{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2019}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He has worked with different Movies Actors, Actresses, Models and other Entertainment Industry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MEET NDAVE DAVID NJOKU, NOLLYWOOD FILMMAKER ...Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie ... |url=https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011445/https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/ |archive-date=2016-08-27 |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=永旺快投网-优惠大厅 |url=http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910050940/http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/ |archive-date=2016-09-10 |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na [https://www.ndavedavid.com/ Ndave David Njoku]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. * [[Facebook]].com/ndaved/" id="mwARg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ndave David Njoku a Facebook * [[Twitter]].com/ndavedavid/" id="mwARs" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ndave David Njoku a Twitter * [[Instagram]].com/ndavedavid/" href="<nowiki>https://instagram.com/ndavedavid/</nowiki>" id="mwAR4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Ndave David Njoku a Instagram {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]] o9dutwrpnui468oposh1h8gtz5ooq4v 0 54172 889112 885526 2026-07-29T18:44:16Z Hamza DK 12444 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346731006|Kevin Nwankwor]]" 889112 wikitext text/x-wiki Kevin Nkem Nwankwor (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1976) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Na Najeriya, darektan fina-finai kuma furodusa. Kevin ya sami shahara bayan ya rubuta kuma ya samar da fina-finai Enemy Within da A Mother's Love wanda ya ci gaba da kasancewa daga cikin zaɓin fim na hukuma a Gwinnett Center Film Festival da Marbella International Film Festival . [1] == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Kevin Nwankwor a [[Issele Ukwu]], wani birni na [[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a [[Aniocha ta Arewa|Yankin karamar hukuma na Aniocha ta Arewa]] ta [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]] inda ya ci gaba da kammala karatun firamare da sakandare. A shekara ta 2000, ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin Gudanar da Ayyuka daga [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Owerri]] . Yayinda yake a jami'a, ya fito a fina-finai na Nollywood Enemies da Heartless wanda kuma ya fito da tsoffin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]], [[Saint Obi]] da [[Eucharia Anunobi]] . Ya kuma kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Kirista "The Heavenly Theater" kuma ya ci gaba da rubuta gajerun wasan kwaikwayo kamar In The Den of Agbalakwem I & II da Ashes of Regret . <ref name="nwa">{{Cite web |title=Meet Kevstel |url=http://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150109142645/https://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html |archive-date=9 January 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=Kevstel Group}}</ref> Kevin ya koma [[Atlanta]] a shekara ta 2008 inda ya sami Digiri na MBA a cikin Kasuwanci sannan ya sami Master of Fine Arts a cikin fim daga Kwalejin Fim ta New York . Bayan rubuce-rubuce da samar da Enemy Within da A Mother's Love, ya ci gaba da yin fim dinsa na farko a fim din da ya lashe kyautar Tempting Fate . <ref name="kevin">{{Cite web |date=27 January 2015 |title=Award Winning "Tempting Fate" Film Director Kevin Nkem Nwankwor (KNN) makes his Director's |url=http://www.newswire.com/press-release/award-winning-tempting-fate-film-director-kevin-nkem-nwankwor |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=NewsWire}}</ref> Shi ne C.E.O na KevStel Group LLC, kamfanin Nishaɗi na bangaskiya da ya kafa tare da manufar "don samar da abun ciki mai inganci bisa ga bangaskiya, bege da ƙauna ta hanyar gani da bugawa".<ref name="nwa">{{Cite web |title=Meet Kevstel |url=http://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150109142645/https://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html |archive-date=9 January 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=Kevstel Group}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html "Meet Kevstel"]. Kevstel Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([[:Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service]]</ref> * In The Den of Agbalakwem I (1996) (marubuci) * A cikin The Den of Agbalakwem II (1996) (marubuci) * ''Maƙiya'' (1997) (actor) * Heartless (1997) (actor) * Ashes of Regret (1998) (marubuci) * ''[[Enemy Within (2012 film)|Maƙiya a Cikin]]'' (2012) (marubuci, furodusa) * A Mother's Love (2012) (marubuci, furodusa) * Tempting Fate (2015) - (marubuci, furodusa, darektan) * ''[[Muna (fim)|Muna]]'' (2019) (darakta da furodusa) == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kevin Nwankwor ya auri Unoma Nwankwon, marubucin Kirista wanda aka sani da rubuce-rubucenta na Unexpected Blessing, When You Let Go da The Christmas Ultimatum . Suna zaune a Atlanta tare da 'ya'yansu biyu.<ref name="kevin">{{Cite web |date=27 January 2015 |title=Award Winning "Tempting Fate" Film Director Kevin Nkem Nwankwor (KNN) makes his Director's |url=http://www.newswire.com/press-release/award-winning-tempting-fate-film-director-kevin-nkem-nwankwor |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=NewsWire}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.newswire.com/press-release/award-winning-tempting-fate-film-director-kevin-nkem-nwankwor "Award Winning "Tempting Fate" Film Director Kevin Nkem Nwankwor (KNN) makes his Director's"]. NewsWire. 27 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] qe1xh1gdedwqnwa6lmynn36lkna4agd 889121 889112 2026-07-29T19:02:21Z Hamza DK 12444 889121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kevin Nkem Nwankwor (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1976) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Na Najeriya, darektan fina-finai kuma furodusa. Kevin ya sami shahara bayan ya rubuta kuma ya samar da fina-finai Enemy Within da A Mother's Love wanda ya ci gaba da kasancewa daga cikin zaɓin fim na hukuma a Gwinnett Center Film Festival da Marbella International Film Festival . [1] == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Kevin Nwankwor a [[Issele Ukwu]], wani birni na [[Inyamurai|Ibo]] a [[Aniocha ta Arewa|Yankin karamar hukuma na Aniocha ta Arewa]] ta [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]] inda ya ci gaba da kammala karatun firamare da sakandare. A shekara ta 2000, ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin Gudanar da Ayyuka daga [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Owerri]] . Yayinda yake a jami'a, ya fito a fina-finai na Nollywood Enemies da Heartless wanda kuma ya fito da tsoffin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]], [[Saint Obi]] da [[Eucharia Anunobi]] . Ya kuma kafa ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Kirista "The Heavenly Theater" kuma ya ci gaba da rubuta gajerun wasan kwaikwayo kamar In The Den of Agbalakwem I & II da Ashes of Regret . <ref name="nwa">{{Cite web |title=Meet Kevstel |url=http://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150109142645/https://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html |archive-date=9 January 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=Kevstel Group}}</ref> Kevin ya koma [[Atlanta]] a shekara ta 2008 inda ya sami Digiri na MBA a cikin Kasuwanci sannan ya sami Master of Fine Arts a cikin fim daga Kwalejin Fim ta New York . Bayan rubuce-rubuce da samar da Enemy Within da A Mother's Love, ya ci gaba da yin fim dinsa na farko a fim din da ya lashe kyautar Tempting Fate . <ref name="kevin">{{Cite web |date=27 January 2015 |title=Award Winning "Tempting Fate" Film Director Kevin Nkem Nwankwor (KNN) makes his Director's |url=http://www.newswire.com/press-release/award-winning-tempting-fate-film-director-kevin-nkem-nwankwor |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=NewsWire}}</ref> Shi ne C.E.O na KevStel Group LLC, kamfanin Nishaɗi na bangaskiya da ya kafa tare da manufar "don samar da abun ciki mai inganci bisa ga bangaskiya, bege da ƙauna ta hanyar gani da bugawa".<ref name="nwa">{{Cite web |title=Meet Kevstel |url=http://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150109142645/https://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html |archive-date=9 January 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=Kevstel Group}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.kevstelgroup.com/meet-kevstel-1.html "Meet Kevstel"]. Kevstel Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([[:Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service]]</ref> * In The Den of Agbalakwem I (1996) (marubuci) * A cikin The Den of Agbalakwem II (1996) (marubuci) * ''Maƙiya'' (1997) (actor) * Heartless (1997) (actor) * Ashes of Regret (1998) (marubuci) * ''[[Enemy Within (2012 film)|Maƙiya a Cikin]]'' (2012) (marubuci, furodusa) * A Mother's Love (2012) (marubuci, furodusa) * Tempting Fate (2015) - (marubuci, furodusa, darektan) * ''[[Muna (fim)|Muna]]'' (2019) (darakta da furodusa) == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kevin Nwankwor ya auri Unoma Nwankwon, marubucin Kirista wanda aka sani da rubuce-rubucenta na Unexpected Blessing, When You Let Go da The Christmas Ultimatum . Suna zaune a Atlanta tare da 'ya'yansu biyu.<ref name="kevin">{{Cite web |date=27 January 2015 |title=Award Winning "Tempting Fate" Film Director Kevin Nkem Nwankwor (KNN) makes his Director's |url=http://www.newswire.com/press-release/award-winning-tempting-fate-film-director-kevin-nkem-nwankwor |access-date=16 July 2015 |publisher=NewsWire}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.newswire.com/press-release/award-winning-tempting-fate-film-director-kevin-nkem-nwankwor "Award Winning "Tempting Fate" Film Director Kevin Nkem Nwankwor (KNN) makes his Director's"]. NewsWire. 27 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] 0b7izl7s89eewtc0w03rcenoncsj4oo 0 54275 889223 888475 2026-07-30T03:09:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> == Fim ɗin wani ɓangare == === Fim === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Lola Jerin Wasanni'' | Darakta | Jerin Talabijin | |- | 2020 | ''An keta doka'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Gajeren fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Violated |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13162472/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Watch this Short Film "Violated" Addressing Rape and Abuse |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/short-film-violated-addresses-rape-and-abuse/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Yanar gizo'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Fim ɗin Fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=REGINA ASKIA SPILLS SEX DETAILS ON FORTHCOMING MOVIE, WEB |url=https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819010419/https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=yara.ng}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Amurka'' | Daraktan Ƙirƙira | Wasan Yarabawa | |} == Zaɓaɓɓen bidiyon kiɗa (a matsayin darakta) == * 2016: "Bouce it remix" na MC Galaxy ft Beniton X Double Dose <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bez Drops New Video, Say |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2013/07/24/bez-drops-new-video-say/ |website=Channels Television}}</ref> * 2018: "Stamina Remix" na Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young DX DJ Tunez <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=VIDEO: Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young D X DJ Tunez - Stamina (International Remix) |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-korede-bello-x-gyptian-x-young-d-x-dj-tunez-stamina-international-remix/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2016: "Sannu" ta MC Galaxy <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2016 |title=New Video: MC Galaxy – Hello |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/01/new-video-mc-galaxy-hello/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> * 2016: "Shupe For Ayade" na MC Galaxy * 2019: "Koloko" na BM X Nestreya <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2019 |title=VIDEO: BM & Nestreya – Koloko |url=https://jukeboxmusic.com.ng/video-bm-nestreya-koloko/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=jukeboxmusic.com.ng }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 2019: "Ku Yi Rayuwarku" ta Ms. Bodega X Gyptian X MC Galaxy X Neza X Neil Bajayo X Young D * 2018: "Wannan Mace" ta Maxi Priest X [[Yemi Alade]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2018 |title=VIDEO: Maxi Priest ft. Yemi Alade - This Woman |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-maxi-priest-ft-yemi-alade-this-woman/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2019: "Aikin Jiki" na Young DX Harmonize X [[Banki na Reekado|Reekado Banks]] * 2016: "Snap O (Snapchat)" na MC Galaxy X Neza X Mucicmanty X Kelli Pyle <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUSIC: MC Galaxy – Snapchat Ft. Neza Africa, Kelly Pyle & Musicman TY |url=https://confirmgist.com.ng/2016/07/music-mc-galaxy-snapchat-ft-neza-africa-kelly-pyle-musicman-ty/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=confirmgist.com.ng}}</ref> * 2017: "Sokutu" na Koffi X Small Doctor X Qdot X QDot <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2016 |title=VIDEO: Koffi – Sokutu Ft Small Doctor & QDot |url=https://www.mp3bullet.ng/video-koffi-sokutu-ft-small-doctor-qdot/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=mp3bullet.ng}}</ref> * 2024: "Na Made It" ta Harmonize feat. Bobby Shmurda & Bien == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Sakamako ! Bayani |- | 2020 | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗi na Afirka a Amurka | Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire na shekara|{{Won}} | |- | 2021 | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗi na Afirka a Amurka | Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire na shekara|{{Won}} | <ref name="AEAUSA 2021 WINNERS">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-09 |title=2021 WINNERS |url=https://aeausa.net/awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205215008/https://aeausa.net/awards/ |archive-date=2021-12-05 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=aeausa.net |language=en-US}}</ref> |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta nuiqi1z7t3aqftzxgkfoinbupj23hpb 0 57749 888957 679471 2026-07-29T13:22:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 888957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kainji Lake ESA23813532.jpeg|thumb|hoton taukin kainji]] [[Fayil:Federal Register 1981-03-31- Vol 46 Iss 61 (IA sim federal-register-find 1981-03-31 46 61 5).pdf|thumb|shaidar register wuri]] '''Gandun dajin Borgu''' wani sashe ne na [[Gidan shakatawa na Kainji|dajin Kainji]] da ke [[Borgu|ƙaramar hukumar Borgu]] ta [[Neja|jihar Neja]] da kuma [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Baruten]] ta [[Ȯra Kwara|jihar Kwara]] [[Najeriya|a Najeriya]]. Tana iyaka da gabas ta [[tafkin Kainji]] kuma ta kai kusan iyakar [[Benin]] zuwa yamma, wanda ya kai {{Convert|397002|ha}}. An haɗa shi da ajiyar Wasan Zugurma a cikin shekara ta 1975 don samar da filin shakatawa na Kainji Lake.<ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/environmental-conservation/article/abs/kainji-lake-shore-of-borgu-game-reserve-kwara-state-nigeria/42DDFAD4232E3AD43066D8DA8DCA75B3</ref> Wurin ajiyar namun daji na Borgu ya ƙunshi gandun daji na Borgu da Zugurma kuma yana da wadatar namun daji, da suka haɗa da baboons, duikers, hippopotamuses, hyenas, kobs, roans, da warthogs. == Manazarta == hzvy1j2dwo80kbn5qprbzzk3c70mx1s 0 59165 888947 416606 2026-07-29T13:17:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 888947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kogin Aguada,''' kogi ne dake united a jihar y Guam dake yanki na [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref>U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Aguada River</ref> {{Stub}} == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Guam == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} kps3z7ifo9j4atwg7rpiodo84zcspnd 888948 888947 2026-07-29T13:17:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 888948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kogin Aguada,''' kogi ne dake united a jihar y Guam dake yanki na [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref>U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Aguada River</ref> {{Stub}} == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Guam == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 33lpr7ndafnfmnwnccfgg72iwfvqic5 888949 888948 2026-07-29T13:18:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 888949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kogin Aguada,''' kogi ne dake united a jihar y Guam dake yanki na [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref>U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Aguada River</ref> {{Stub}} == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Guam == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} 77dvm0cok76jccz1fc7x1buhpajf8pp 0 63596 889009 568886 2026-07-29T15:27:03Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 889009 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claire Huchet Bishop''' an haife ta 30 Disamba shekara ta 1898 ta mutu 13 Maris 1993, marubuciya ce ta yaran [[Switzerland]] kuma ma'aikacin laburare.Ta rubuta biyun Newbery Medal -up, ''Pancakes-Paris'' (1947) da ''All Alone'' (1953),kuma ta ci lambar yabo ta Josette Frank na ''Ashirin da Goma'' (1952).Littafin yara na Turanci na farko ya zama na al'ada:''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Sinawa biyar'',wanda Kurt Wiese ya kwatanta kuma aka buga a 1938,an sanya shi cikin jerin lambar yabo ta Lewis Carroll Shelf a 1959. == Rayuwa == Claire Huchet an haife shi a Geneva,Switzerland kuma ta girma a [[Faransa]]<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">[http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9317541 Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref> ko Geneva.<ref name="Nancy Larsen biography">[http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/CLRC-751.xml Nancy Larsen biography]</ref>Ta halarci Sorbonne kuma ta fara ɗakin karatu na yara na farko a Faransa.<ref name="Nancy Larsen biography" />Bayan ta auri ɗan wasan pianist na Amurka Frank Bishop,<ref name="nytimes.com" />ta ƙaura zuwa Amurka,ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na New York daga 1932 – 36,kuma ta kasance mai ba da uzuri ga [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] kuma ɗan adawa<ref name="nytimes.com" /> na kyamar baki . . <ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Ta kasance malami kuma mai ba da labari a duk faɗin Amurka kuma ta kasance editan littafin yara na ''Commonweal'' na ɗan lokaci. Bishop ya kasance shugaban Majalisar kasa da kasa na Kirista da Yahudawa daga 1975 – 77 da kuma hadin gwiwar Yahudawa-Kirista na Faransa daga 1976-81. Biyu daga cikin littattafanta an yi su ne a matsayin fina-finai. Bayan ya zauna a New York na shekaru 50,Bishop ya koma Faransa kuma ya mutu a [[Faris|Paris]] a 1993.Ta rasu tana da shekaru 94 a duniya,kuma ta rasu sakamakon zubar jini da ya yi mata a cikin aorta. [[Category:Haifaffun 1898]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 3o8ffu9fvh5ya18ugx4ec17j9n9uq99 0 67545 889070 721804 2026-07-29T16:20:22Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arsa Ramadan Ahmad''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2003), ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Indonesiya]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar Bhayangkara ta Liga 1.<ref name="soccerway">{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/arsa-ramadan-ahmad/913556/ |title=Indonesia - A. Ahmad - Profile with news, career statistics and history|website=Soccerway|accessdate=30 September 2023}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Bhayangkara Presisi Indonesia === Wani samfurin makarantar matasa na Bhayangkara, Arsa ya kuma fara buga gasar La Liga 1 tare da Bhayangkara Presisi Indonesia a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da Madura United a ranar 25 ga Agustan shekarar 2023. A ranar 15 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2023, Arsa ya ci wa kungiyar kwallonsa ta farko a gasar, inda ya bude zira kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Dewa United.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bolasport.com/read/313892781/hasil-liga-1-saling-berbalas-gol-dewa-united-tahan-imbang-bhayangkara-fc?page=all |title=Hasil Liga 1 - Saling Berbalas Gol, Dewa United Tahan Imbang Bhayangkara FC|access-date=15 September 2023 |date=15 September 2023|website=www.bolasport.com|language=id}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A cikin watan Satumba shekarar 2022, an kira Arsa zuwa Indonesia U20 don cibiyar horarwa a shirye-shiryen 2023 AFC U-20 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Asiya . Arsa ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 16 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2022 a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Asiya ta AFC U-20 da [[Hong Kong]] U20 a Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium, [[Surabaya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia Bantai Hong Kong 5-1 di Kualifikasi Piala Asia U-20|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20220916210835-142-849026/indonesia-bantai-hong-kong-5-1-di-kualifikasi-piala-asia-u-20 |access-date=16 September 2022|date=16 September 2022 |website=CNN Indonesia |language=id}}</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a == === Kulob === {{Updated|9 December 2023}}<ref name="soccerway" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="1" | Bhayangkara | 2023-24 | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Laliga 1 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 9 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 9 ! 1 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|arsa-ramadan-ahmad/913556}} * Arsa Ahmad at WorldFootball.net * [https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/bri_liga_1_2023-2024/arsa_ramadan_ahmad Arsa Ahmad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026165711/https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/bri_liga_1_2023-2024/arsa_ramadan_ahmad |date=2023-10-26 }} at Liga Indonesia {{In lang|id}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] mcmdd9hgphziqxu81cf181y35i87pf2 0 69962 889039 511102 2026-07-29T16:06:31Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Son of the Sheik (1926 film) card2.jpg|thumb|''A Son'']] [[Fayil:A Son of the Sahara (1924) - 1.jpg|thumb|''A Son'']] [[Fayil:Inveraray Castle, Argyll and Bute, Scotland-31May2010.jpg|thumb|''A Son'']] '''''A Son''''', wanda kuma aka sani da '''''Bik Eneich: Un fils''''' (haɗin asalin taken Larabci da. Faransanci: {{Lang-ar|بيك نعيش|Byk n'eysh}} ; {{Lang-fr|Un fils}} ) fim ne na shekarar (2019), wanda Mehdi. Barsaoui ya ba da Umarni a cikin fitowar fim ɗinsa na farko kuma an shirya shi tsakanin Faransa, Lebanon, Tunisiya da Qatar. Fim wanda Sami Bouajila da Najla Ben Abdallah suka yi a matsayin iyayen yara masu matsakaicin ra'ayi ƴan ƙasar Tunisiya, fim ne game da balaguron iyali jim kaɗan bayan juyin juya halin Tunusiya da ya wargaje bayan da ƴan ta'adda suka harbe motarsu tare da raunata ɗansu mai tsanani, wanda ke buƙatar dashen hanta don tsira.<ref name=Variety>{{cite web|first1=Jay|last1=Weissberg|access-date=2021-04-27|title=Film Review: 'A Son'|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/a-son-review-1203323728/|date=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/a-son-bik-eneich-fils-review-1235300/|title='A Son' ('Bik Eneich'/'Un fils'): Film Review|website=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Boyd|last=van Hoeij|date=August 31, 2019|access-date=May 10, 2021}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] sy4ioeywng00jdu7oqjo6kitanc7men 0 70095 889042 421265 2026-07-29T16:08:04Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''The Red Moon''''' (القمر الأحمر) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Morocco da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2013 wanda Hassan Benjelloun ya jagoranta kuma ya bada umarni. An zaɓe shi a matsayin fim ɗin da aka shigar na Moroccan a Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a 87th Academy Awards, amma ba a zaɓe ba.<ref name="Morocco">{{cite web|url=http://www.medias24.com/A-suivre/14436-Un-film-marocain-aux-Oscars-2015.html|title=Un film marocain aux Oscars 2015|access-date=18 September 2014|work=Medias24|archive-date=11 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211012158/http://www.medias24.com/A-suivre/14436-Un-film-marocain-aux-Oscars-2015.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=فيلم “القمر الأحمر” لحسن بنجلون يمثل المغرب في إقصائيات الأوسكار |url=http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |access-date=2024-02-20 |archive-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050743/http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=فيلم “القمر الأحمر” لحسن بنجلون يمثل المغرب في إقصائيات الأوسكار |url=http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |access-date=2024-02-20 |archive-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050743/http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƴan wasa == * Fatah Ngadi * Fatine Hilal Bik<ref name="Morocco"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=فيلم “القمر الأحمر” لحسن بنجلون يمثل المغرب في إقصائيات الأوسكار |url=http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |access-date=2024-02-20 |archive-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050743/http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Wasila Sobhi * Fatim Zahra Benacer * Abdellatif Chaouki * Abderrahim El Meniar * Mehdi Malakane * Khadija Jamal == Duba kuma == * Jerin abubuwan gabatarwa zuwa lambar yabo ta 87th Academy don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje * Jerin abubuwan ƙaddamar da Moroccan don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb title|2949504|The Red Moon}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] p2i1c5oc05a7yud1th5zxz8np01ya0i 889043 889042 2026-07-29T16:08:29Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''The Red Moon''''' (القمر الأحمر) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Morocco da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2013 wanda Hassan Benjelloun ya jagoranta kuma ya bada umarni. An zaɓe shi a matsayin fim ɗin da aka shigar na Moroccan a Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a 87th Academy Awards, to amma ba a zaɓe ba.<ref name="Morocco">{{cite web|url=http://www.medias24.com/A-suivre/14436-Un-film-marocain-aux-Oscars-2015.html|title=Un film marocain aux Oscars 2015|access-date=18 September 2014|work=Medias24|archive-date=11 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211012158/http://www.medias24.com/A-suivre/14436-Un-film-marocain-aux-Oscars-2015.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=فيلم “القمر الأحمر” لحسن بنجلون يمثل المغرب في إقصائيات الأوسكار |url=http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |access-date=2024-02-20 |archive-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050743/http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=فيلم “القمر الأحمر” لحسن بنجلون يمثل المغرب في إقصائيات الأوسكار |url=http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |access-date=2024-02-20 |archive-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050743/http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƴan wasa == * Fatah Ngadi * Fatine Hilal Bik<ref name="Morocco"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=فيلم “القمر الأحمر” لحسن بنجلون يمثل المغرب في إقصائيات الأوسكار |url=http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |access-date=2024-02-20 |archive-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050743/http://ar.moroccoworldnews.com/?p=62234 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Wasila Sobhi * Fatim Zahra Benacer * Abdellatif Chaouki * Abderrahim El Meniar * Mehdi Malakane * Khadija Jamal == Duba kuma == * Jerin abubuwan gabatarwa zuwa lambar yabo ta 87th Academy don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje * Jerin abubuwan ƙaddamar da Moroccan don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb title|2949504|The Red Moon}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] oxcpcttpmrte3mmxsehu1yep3leoa6s 0 70814 889004 453379 2026-07-29T15:21:40Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 889004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban (DIFF) bikin fim ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke faruwa a Durban, lardin KwaZulu-Natal, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Teddy Sarkin da Ros Sarkin ne suka kafa shi a shekarar 1979. Cibiyar Creative Arts a Jami'ar Kwazulu-Natal ce ta gabatar da ita, ita ce mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma a bikin fina-finai a Afirka kuma tana gabatar da shirye-shirye sama da 200 da ke murna da mafi kyau a fina-fallafen Afirka ta Kudu, Afirka da na duniya. Yawancin shirye-shiryen ko dai na Afirka ne ko na Afirka ta Kudu. Har ila yau, bikin yana ba da bita ga masu shirya fina-finai, tarurruka na masana'antu, dandalin tattaunawa, da ayyukan fadakarwa waɗanda suka haɗa da nunawa a yankunan gari inda ba su da sinima, da ƙari, gami da Talent Campus Durban da kasuwar haɗin gwiwar Durban FilmMart. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, DIFF tana aiki ne a matsayin ƙaddamar da Afirka ta Kudu don bikin fina-finai na Wavescape Surf . Talent Campus Durban, tare da hadin gwiwar Berlinale Talent Campus, sabon shiri ne a cikin 2008. kuma ya gudanar da bugu na biyar a cikin 2012. Durban FilmMart, wani taron hada-hadar kudi, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2010. Ana gudanar da shi tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ofishin Fim na Durban. == Kyaututtuka == Bikin yana ba da sassan gasa da yawa kuma wasu kyaututtuka suna da tsabar kudi. Tun daga shekara ta 2006, [[Amnesty International]] ta hanyar kungiyar Amnesty ta Durban, ta kuma dauki nauyin kyautar kuɗi da ake kira Amnesty International Durban Human Rights Award . == Hotunan bikin == === 2023 === An gudanar da bikin na 44 daga 20 zuwa 30 ga Yuli 2023. nuna fina-finai 90 daga kasashe 54 a duniya. ''Sira'', wani hadin gwiwa tsakanin Burkina Faso, [[Senegal]], Faransa da Jamus ta Apollin Traoré, ta buɗe bikin a ranar 20 ga Yuli; yayin da ''[[Banel & Adama]]'', wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Faransa-Mali-Senegalese ta Ramata-Toulaye Sy, ta rufe bikin a ranar 30 ga Yuli. [1] Riceboy Sleeps fim din wasan kwaikwayo Kanada na Anthony Shim ya lashe kyautar fim mafi kyau da aka sanar a ranar 29 ga Yuli. [1] === 2022 === gudanar da bikin na 43 daga 22 ga Yuli zuwa 1 ga Agusta 2022. ''1960'', fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu na Sarki Shaft da Michael Mutombo, sun buɗe bikin, yayin da Kai ne Wurin da Jahmil X.T. Qubeka ya rufe bikin. == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7qv8zf5k3cuyt30acaa671dotiiaaa7 0 71551 889044 454069 2026-07-29T16:08:50Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zotung''' (Zobya) yare ne da [[Mutanen Zotung]] ke magana, a [[Rezua]] Township, [[Jihar Chin]], [[Myanmar|Burma]] . Yana da [[Ci gaba da yaren|ci gaba]] da [[Harshe|yaruka]] masu alaƙa da juna. Harshen ba shi da daidaitattun rubuce-rubuce tun lokacin da yake da yaruka tare da bambance-bambance da yawa akan furcinsa. Maimakon haka, masu magana da Zotung suna amfani da haruffa da aka yarda da su don rubutawa wanda suke rubutu ta amfani da yarensu. Koyaya, ana kuma rubuta takardun al'ada ta amfani da yaren Lungngo saboda harshe ne na mutum na farko don ba da umarnin rubutu mai kyau, Sir Siabawi Khuamin. == Fasahar sauti == === Zoccaw ko Zo haruffa === : Aa AWaw Bb Cc Dd Ee Fg Gh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Yy Zz === Sautin sautin === AW E I O U Y -a /a/~ mai rauni /ɔː/~/aʊː/ -aw /ɔː/~/auː/ -e /eː/~/ɛ/~ raunin tsari /œ/ -i /iː/ mai rauni /ɨ/ -o /o/~/oʊː/~ mai rauni /ə/ -u /uː/~ mai rauni /ʊ/ -y /ɪ/~/ɨː/~/ʏː/ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! rowspan="2" |Dental ! colspan="2" |Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! rowspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |- !<small>central</small> !<small>lateral</small> |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive !<small>voiceless</small> |p {{IPAblink|p}} |t {{IPAblink|t}} | | | |k {{IPAblink|k}} | |- !<small>aspirated</small> |ph [{{IPA link|p}}{{IPA link|ʰ}}] |th [{{IPA link|t}}{{IPA link|ʰ}}] | | | |kh [{{IPA link|k}}{{IPA link|ʰ}}] | |- !<small>voiced</small> |b {{IPAblink|b}} |d {{IPAblink|d}} | | | |g [g] | |- ! rowspan="2" |Affricate !<small>voiceless</small> | | |c [t͡s] | | | | |- !<small>aspirated</small> | | |ch [{{IPA link|tʃ}}] | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>voiceless</small> |f {{IPAblink|f}} |c {{IPAblink|θ}} |s [s] | colspan="2" |si, se, sc, sh [ʃ] |kh, h [x] |h {{IPAblink|h}} |- !<small>voiced</small> |v {{IPAblink|v}} |c {{IPAblink|ð}} |z [z] | colspan="2" |z, j [ʒ] | | |- !Approximant !voiced | | | |l [l] |z, j [j] | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Nasal !<small>voiced</small> |m {{IPAblink|m}} |n {{IPAblink|n}} | | |ni [ɲ] |ng {{IPAblink|ŋ}} | |- !<small>voiceless</small> |hm, km [m̥] |hn, kn, gn [n̥] | | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Trill !<small>voiced</small> | | |r {{IPAblink|r}} | | | | |- !<small>voiceless</small> | | |hr, r [r̥] |hl, l [ɬ], [l̥] | | | |} cikin 2009 VanBik ya lissafa ƙauyukan Zotung masu zuwa: Aika, Lo Bik, Lovaw, Ccangho, Pangva, Ramcci, Sihanthung, Zawngnak, Angraw, Polei, Vuakkhipaw, Lavoikum, Darcung, Khawboi, Setlai, Lungkhin, Leipi, Calt Sharing, Lang, Sensi, Khawtua, Tuinia, Rovaw, Rungung, Lung, Thang, Th Thandya, Tu, Tuwang, Tu, Tling, Tu, Touang, Tu, Hung, Tu, Th Th Th Thang, Tuid, Tu, Su, Tu, Tun, Tu, Lu Lu Lu Lu, Tu, Wu, Tu, Tup, Tu, Hu, Tu, Z Zyu, Tu, Y Y Y Y, Tu, Siw, Tu, Lung, Tu, Sangu, Tu, V, Tu, Sang, Tu, Thu, Tu, Dyu, Tuidnu, Tu, Pu, Tu, Ts Ts Ts Ts, Tu, Lung, Tu, Shu, Tu, Ting, Tu, Nu, Tu, Tú, Tu,yu, Tuing, Tu Tunanin a Zotung yayi kama da sauran yarukan Kuki-Chin. Ana canza kalmomi a cikin abubuwan da suka gabata da na gaba. Matsayin yanzu yawanci ko dai a cikin lemma (ba infinitive) ba ko kuma ana amfani da su tare da kalmomin taimako da kalmomin bayyana lokaci. Hakanan za'a iya nuna ci gaba na yanzu ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa. Ana canza kalmomin yau da kullun kamar haka: {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Niapaw, don sha, 1st INC. jam'i tushe I ''nek''- |- ! !Daidaitawa !Cikakken !Al'ada !Ci gaba !Yanayi |- |Abubuwan da suka gabata |''nekveo'' |''nekove'' |''a vaneheo'' |''a Vaneiono'' |''a vaneoza'' |- |Yanzu |''a neko'' |''dan uwansa'' |''a nekheio'' |''a nekongo'' |''neioza'' |- |Makomar nan gaba |''mahaukaci'' |''niavelan'' |''niahelango'' |''nekoncio'' |''nialanoza'' |} Verbs a Zotung suna da kusan biyu zuwa uku infinitives da biyu gerunds wanda za'a iya juyawa don fasalin da murya. Ƙarshen farko shine wanda aka samo a cikin shigarwar ƙamus. ''-a.'' kafa shi ta amfani da nau'in aikatau na II tare da ƙarshen ''-o, -aw,'' ko -á. Wannan nau'in da ba shi da iyaka yana nan a duk yaruka inda ake amfani da nau'in gerund daidai da Turanci -ing gerund. An kuma kafa nau'in na biyu ta amfani da nau'in II tare da ƙarshen -an. Hakanan yana iya aiki azaman gerund kuma ana amfani dashi kusan daidai da Turanci zuwa-ƙarshe. Koyaya, amfani da shi yana raguwa a cikin yarukan arewa inda ake maye gurbinsa da nau'ikan aikatau na gaba. ''a'a'' cikin yaruka inda ake amfani da nau'in nan gaba da na biyu, ana kirkirar nau'in gaba ''tafi'' amfani da nau-in I tare da ƙarshen canji -a ko -go. An kafa nau'i na uku ta amfani da nau'ikan aikatau na I tare da ƙarshen -an. Yana da alaƙa da harshen Ingilishi mara iyaka. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="5" |Siffofin da ba su da iyaka |- ! !Ƙarshen farko !Ƙarshe na biyu !Ƙarshe na uku !Tsarin tsiro na gaba |- |Chiapa |''Chiapa'' |''Chialan'' |''thelan'' |''daingo'' |- |Savo, don sa ya faɗi |Savo / Sovo |Salian / Solan |Saglan / Saklan |Sagno |- |Da'a, don yin adawa |Dokoki |Dolan |deilan |doungo |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} * Shintani Tadahiko. 2015. ''Harshen Zotung''. Binciken harshe na yankin al'adun Tay (LSTCA) na 105. Tokyo: Cibiyar Bincike don Harsuna da Al'adu na Asiya da Afirka (ILCAA). {{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 14j0gij8sri8t0bmkyxa2a1prl9r3o9 0 71793 889037 546850 2026-07-29T16:03:50Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mehdi M. Barsaoui''' (an haife shi ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1984), ɗan fim ne ɗan ƙasar [[Tunisiya]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=540266.html| title=Mehdi M. Barsaoui: 1er assistant réalisateur, Assistant réalisateur, Monteur| publisher=allocine | access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> An fi saninsa a matsayin darekta na gajeren fim mai ban sha'awa da fina-finai ''[[A Son|na A Son]]'', ''Sideways'' da ''Bobby''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/2019/orizzonti/bik-eneich-un-fils| title=BIK ENEICH - UN FILS: Orizzonti| date=13 July 2019| publisher=labiennale | access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/a-son-bik-eneich-fils-review-1235300| title='A Son' ('Bik Eneich'/'Un fils'): Film Review| date=31 August 2019| publisher=Hollywood Reporter | access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haife shi ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 1984 a [[Tunis]], Tunisiya. Ya kammala karatu daga Higher Institute of Multimedia Arts of Tunis (ISAMM). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koma Italiya kuma ya kammala horonsa kuma ya kammala karatunsa a DAMS a Bologna.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/mehdi-m-barsaoui| title=Mehdi M. Barsaoui| publisher=IFFR| access-date=13 November 2020}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Fim == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year !! Film !! Role !! Genre !! Ref. |- | 2010 || ''Sideways'' || Director, editor, writer || Short film || |- | 2012 || ''It Was Better Tomorrow'' || Editor || Documentary || |- | 2012 || ''Widjène'' || Editor || Documentary || |- | 2013 || ''Le Challat de Tunis'' || First assistant director || Documentary || |- | 2014 || ''Bobby'' || Director, editor, writer || Short film || |- | 2016 || ''We Are Just Fine Like This'' || Director, editor, writer || Short film || |- | 2017 || ''35 MM'' || Director, editor, writer || Short film || |- | 2017 || ''Beauty and the Dogs'' || First assistant director || Film || |- | 2018 || ''Omertà'' || Editor || Short film || |- | 2019 || ''[[A Son]]'' || Director, writer || Film || |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] rrj5g2t2efy5tpouu1vpvedi2h10rdr 889038 889037 2026-07-29T16:04:26Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mehdi M. Barsaoui''' (an haife shi ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1984), ɗan fim ne ɗan ƙasar [[Tunisiya]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=540266.html| title=Mehdi M. Barsaoui: 1er assistant réalisateur, Assistant réalisateur, Monteur| publisher=allocine | access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> An fi saninsa a matsayin darekta na gajeren fim mai ban sha'awa da fina-finai ''[[A Son|na A Son]]'', ''Sideways'' da ''Bobby''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/2019/orizzonti/bik-eneich-un-fils| title=BIK ENEICH - UN FILS: Orizzonti| date=13 July 2019| publisher=labiennale | access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/a-son-bik-eneich-fils-review-1235300| title='A Son' ('Bik Eneich'/'Un fils'): Film Review| date=31 August 2019| publisher=Hollywood Reporter | access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haife shi ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 1984 a ƙasar [[Tunis]], Tunisiya. Ya kuma kammala karatu daga Higher Institute of Multimedia Arts of Tunis (ISAMM). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koma Italiya kuma ya kammala horonsa kuma ya kammala karatunsa a DAMS a Bologna.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/mehdi-m-barsaoui| title=Mehdi M. Barsaoui| publisher=IFFR| access-date=13 November 2020}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Fim == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year !! Film !! Role !! Genre !! Ref. |- | 2010 || ''Sideways'' || Director, editor, writer || Short film || |- | 2012 || ''It Was Better Tomorrow'' || Editor || Documentary || |- | 2012 || ''Widjène'' || Editor || Documentary || |- | 2013 || ''Le Challat de Tunis'' || First assistant director || Documentary || |- | 2014 || ''Bobby'' || Director, editor, writer || Short film || |- | 2016 || ''We Are Just Fine Like This'' || Director, editor, writer || Short film || |- | 2017 || ''35 MM'' || Director, editor, writer || Short film || |- | 2017 || ''Beauty and the Dogs'' || First assistant director || Film || |- | 2018 || ''Omertà'' || Editor || Short film || |- | 2019 || ''[[A Son]]'' || Director, writer || Film || |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] eqw1gcswpekfmwhuhnyo6ik5cq00j6h 0 73689 888956 393903 2026-07-29T13:22:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Najite Dede''' darakta ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya a masana'antar Nollywood . <ref>{{Cite web |last=sunnews |date=2017-05-21 |title=I don’t have a grass-to-grace story – Bovi, Comedian, Actor |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/i-dont-have-a-grass-to-grace-story-bovi-comedian-actor/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-04 |title="Our father taught us to respect everyone"â€" Najite & Mitchelle Dede |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/07/our-father-taught-us-to-respect-everyone—-najite-mitchelle-dede/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> 'yar'uwa ce ga [[Michelle Dede]] kuma dan uwan [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]] waɗanda su ma suna cikin masana'antar fina-finai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2016-03-23 |title=9 things you should know about multilingual TV host, actress |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/michelle-dede-9-things-you-should-know-about-multilingual-tv-host-actress/2jnnx4s |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bada |first=Gbenga |date=2019-09-03 |title=Here are RMD’s 2 popular cousins you never knew about |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/rmds-2-popular-cousins-you-never-knew-about/p78k03q |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424211750/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/rmds-2-popular-cousins-you-never-knew-about/p78k03q |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Mahaifinta shine Mista Brownson Dede, tsohon jami'in diflomasiyyar Najeriya a Habasha. == Ayyuka == Yar wasan kwaikwayo Nollywood na iya yin aiki a duk rawar da aka ba ta wanda ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na musamman a masana'antar Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''MTV Shuga'' * Yarima na Savannah * Mia * yi waƙar kiɗa <ref>{{Cite web |title=MAMMA MIA!: An Operatic Odyssey – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/17/mamma-mia-an-operatic-odyssey/amp/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=www.thisdaylive.com |archive-date=2022-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803053114/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/17/mamma-mia-an-operatic-odyssey/amp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-07 |title=Odimba makes bold statement at FirstBank’s Mamma Mia: The Smash hit musical |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/odimba-makes-bold-statement-at-firstbanks-mamma-mia-the-smash-hit-musical/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> *Heartbeat the musical<ref>{{Cite web |last=sunnews |date=2016-12-16 |title=Heartbeat ‘ll set new record in stage production –Joke Silva |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/heartbeat-ll-set-new-record-in-stage-production-joke-silva/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MTV Shuga Reveals New Stars For New Season - P.M. News |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/04/17/mtv-shuga-reveals-new-stars-for-new-season/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Heartbeat, the musical hits a graceful home run - P.M. News |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/12/20/heartbeat-the-musical-hits-a-graceful-home-run/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-29 |title=From star couple, Heartbeat the Musical |url=https://punchng.com/star-couple-heartbeat-musical/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> * Duk game da Ere * ''Ginin tsutsotsi'' * a karya ba * Rashin daidaituwa na Najeriya * Gidan da ke kan kai * ''[[It's Her Day|Ranarta ce]]'' * Bar Beach Blues * ''Riona'' == Kyautar == * Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Binciken Magic na Afirka ta 2020 Mafi kyawun Actor wanda aka zaba [[Efa Iwara]] da Najite Dede don Unbroken . == Duba kuma == * [[Michelle Dede]] * [[Tope Oshin]] * [[Theresa Edem]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm2272135/ Najite Dede IMDb] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] k5e5dwcvs4icyec0fe8i9yypvj1u5e8 0 74406 889000 410490 2026-07-29T15:19:52Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889000 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siyabonga Melongisi Shibe''' (an haife shi a watan Fabrairu 23, 1978) ɗan wasan Kwaikwayo ne na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ne daga [[Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal]] . <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/rising-star-finds-his-fame-and-fortune-925279&grqid=xu3QAfg_&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Rising star finds his fame and fortune|publisher=iol.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Shibe an haife shi kuma ya girma a Umlazi, Kwazulu-Natal. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Ganges, inda malamansa suka ƙarfafa shi ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo. Shibe yana yaro yana yawan shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na al'umma a Umlazi. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, ya tafi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a [[Technikon Natal]]l . <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcontact.com/south-africa/shibe-back-scandal&grqid=kUtC-aLg&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Shibe back via Scandal!|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shibe, tare da sauran ’yan uwa dalibai a Technikon Natal, sun kafa kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Amagugu. Bayan kammala karatunsa ya tafi [[Johannesburg]] don ci gaba da burinsa na zama jarumi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2018-06-06-siyabonga-shibe-on-raising-his-son-i-took-him-with-me-to-durban/&grqid=dD4M4Ndt&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Siyabonga Shibe on raising his son - i took him with me to durban|date=2018-06-06|publisher=sowetanlive.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan ya isa birnin Johannesburg ya fuskanci cikas iri-iri amma sa'ar sa ta sauya lokacin da ya yi tallar wayar da kan jama'a kan [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/rising-star-finds-his-fame-and-fortune-925279&grqid=xu3QAfg_&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Rising star finds his fame and fortune|publisher=iol.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da taka rawa a wani fim mai suna ''The Stripes of a Hero'' . <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/rising-star-finds-his-fame-and-fortune-925279&grqid=xu3QAfg_&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Rising star finds his fame and fortune|publisher=iol.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref> A cikin 2002 zuwa 2005, ya sami babban matsayi a matsayin Sifiso a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na SABC1 Gaz'lam . Fim ɗin ya ci gaba da samun naɗi da yawa daga lambar yabo ta fina-finai da talabijin ta Afirka ta Kudu. Bayan ya gama yin fim a farkon kakar Gaz'lam, an jefa Shibe a matsayin James a cikin fim ɗin fasalin James' Journey zuwa Urushalima, wanda Ra'anan Alexandrowicz ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Fim din ya shafi wani matashi dan Afirka mai suna James wanda ya je [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] a kasa mai tsarki a madadin kauyensu. Shibe ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar gwarzon jarumin maza a bikin fina-finai na Jerusalem International.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-05-18-siyabonga-shibe-people-would-always-ask-me-why-i-rode-in-a-taxi/&grqid=UljhKwh7&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Siyabonga shibe - people would always ask me why i rode in a taxi|date=2018-05-18|publisher=timeslive.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kuma sami rawar gani a cikin ƙaramin jerin ɗan adam Cargo na Kanada . Jerin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Gemini guda bakwai da kyaututtukan Guild na Daraktoci guda biyu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-05-18-siyabonga-shibe-people-would-always-ask-me-why-i-rode-in-a-taxi/&grqid=UljhKwh7&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Siyabonga shibe - people would always ask me why i rode in a taxi|date=2018-05-18|publisher=timeslive.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kuma yi tauraro a cikin jerin Burtaniya Wild At Heart da Mtunzini.com ; duk da haka Shibe ya yi murabus daga na karshen saboda rikicin kudi. A cikin 2006, ya taka rawar Mad Dog a cikin fim ɗin fasalin ''Trail'' . A cikin 2007, ya taka rawar Mandla Nyawose a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo ''Bay of Plenty'' . A cikin 2008, an jefa shi don nuna rawar da Thami ya taka a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo ''A Wurin da ake Kira Gida'' . Daga 2010 zuwa 2014, Shibe ya nuna halin Kila, wayayye, wayayye da tashin hankali direban tasi a cikin ''badakalar sabulun opera ta e.tv!'' . An ba shi kyautar gwarzon dan wasan kwaikwayo a Duku Duku Awards saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Kila. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2010-08-17-shibe-is-back-via-scandal/&grqid=3MG0RfEv&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Shibe is back via Scandal!|first=Patience|last=Bambalele|website=sowetanlive.co.za|date=2010-08-17|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.news24.com/Drum/Archive/siyabonga-shibe-bids-scandal-goodbye-20170728&grqid=2I8x4ujx&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Siyabonga shibe bids scandal goodbye|date=2017-07-28|website=news24.com|first=Simphiwe|last=Mageza|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-05-18-siyabonga-shibe-people-would-always-ask-me-why-i-rode-in-a-taxi/&grqid=UljhKwh7&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Siyabonga shibe - people would always ask me why i rode in a taxi|date=2018-05-18|publisher=timeslive.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2015, Shibe ya sami rawa a cikin e.tv telenovela ''Ashes to Ashes'' ; Hotunan da ya yi na Kgosi ya ba shi kyautar SAFTA a matsayin Mafi kyawun Jarumi. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2018-06-06-siyabonga-shibe-on-raising-his-son-i-took-him-with-me-to-durban/&grqid=Ivdz2Guu&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Siyabonga Shibe on raising his son — I took him with me to Durban|date=2018-06-06|publisher=sowetanlive.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/News/Entertainment/siyabonga-shibe-is-joining-uzalo-20170510&grqid=mmeAdFFY&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Siyabonga Shibe is joining Uzalo|date=2017-05-10|publisher=dailysun.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecr.co.za/shows/east-coast-drive-with-bongani-and-mags/uzalo-actor-siyabonga-shibe-speaks-drive-team-after-saftas-win/&grqid=5SLFRpfr&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Uzalo actor siyabonga shibe speaks with the drives team after SAFTAs win|publisher=ecr.co.za|access-date=2020-03-11}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2017, ya bar Johannesburg zuwa [[Durban]] don shiga cikin shirin talabijin na Afirka ta Kudu da aka fi kallo, ''Uzalo'', inda ya nuna rawar Qhabanga Mhlongo. === Matsayin talabijin === * ''Toka zuwa toka'' (Kgosi) * ''Z'bondiwe'' (Bheka Shabangu) * ''Wuri da ake kira Gida'' (kamar yadda Thami) * ''Bay of Plenty'' (kamar Mandla Nyawose) * ''Shakka'' (a matsayin Captain Dube) * ''Gaz'lam'' (as Sifiso) * ''Zamani'' (kamar Joshua) * ''Harkokin Gida'' (kamar Zakes) * ''[[Isidingo]]'' (a matsayin Mai binciken Nelson Xaba) * ''Is'thunzi'' (as Matthews) * ''Madiba'' (as Chief Jongintaba) * ''Mtunzini.com'' (as Waxy) * ''Abin kunya!'' (a Kila) * ''Shuhuda Silent'' (kamar Maidstone) * ''Stokvel'' (kamar Richard) * ''Daji a Zuciya'' (Themba Khumalo) * ''Uzalo'' (Qhabanga Khumalo) * ''Matar'' (Gwaza Majola) == Rayuwa ta sirri == Shibe yana da dansa dan shekara 6. == Zaɓaɓɓun Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Bikin Kyauta ! Kyauta ! Aikin da aka zaɓa/Mai karɓa ! Sakamako |- | 2003 | Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Kudus | Kyautar Kyautar Jarumin Maza | Siyabonga Shibe as James ( ''James' Journey to Jerusalem'' ) |{{Won}} |- | 2006 | Kyautar Fina-Finan Afirka ta Kudu | Kyautar Horn na Zinariya don Mafi kyawun Jarumi a Wasan kwaikwayo na TV | Siyabonga Shiba as Sifiso ( ''Gaz'Lam'' ) |{{Nom}} |- | 2015 | Duku Duku Awards | Mafi kyawun Jarumin wasan kwaikwayo | Siyabonga Shibe as Kila ( ''Scandal!'' ) |{{Won}} |- | 2016 | Kyautar Fina-Finan Afirka ta Kudu | Kyautar Horn na Zinariya don Mafi kyawun Jarumi a cikin Sabulun TV | Siyabonga Shibe as Shabangu ( ''Ashes to Ashes'' )|{{Nom}} |} == Duba kuma == * ''Uzalo'' * <nowiki><i id="mwrw">Toka zuwa toka</i></nowiki> * <nowiki><i id="mwsg">Abin kunya!</i></nowiki> * ''Tafiya James zuwa Urushalima'' == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] afveue6t4v93oamp4kl0hw6vlheqo8d 0 75535 889164 411268 2026-07-29T20:22:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Njabulo Ngcobo''' (an haife shi 27 ga Mayu 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Afirka ta Kudu. [[Mai buga baya|Dan wasan baya]] ne ga kulob din [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Kaizer Chiefs|Kaizer Chiefs]] na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma tawagar kasar Afirka ta Kudu. An nada Ngcobo a matsayin mai tsaron gida na PSL a cikin 2021. == Aikin kulob == Ngcobo ya fara bugawa Flamingo fc da ke uMzumbe SAFA Ugu Region, a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya ya bar can ya bar can ya koma Amazulu Academy bayan Matric. Ngcobo samfurin matasa ne na makarantar AmaZulu, wanda ya fara halarta a karon farko a cikin 2016 kafin a ba shi rance ga Richards Bay . Njabulo ya shiga Moroka Swallows a [[2020-21 Firimiya ta Afirka ta Kudu|kakar 2020-21]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swallows sign Uthongathi star |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/swallows-fc-sign-njabulo-ngcobo-from-uthongathi-psl-transfer-news/685636 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=kickoff.com |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626083520/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/swallows-fc-sign-njabulo-ngcobo-from-uthongathi-psl-transfer-news/685636 |url-status=dead }}</ref> inda ya buga wasanni 28. A ranar 4 ga Yuli 2021, Ngcobo ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Kaizer Chiefs|Kaizer Chiefs]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaizer Chiefs beat Mamelodi Sundowns to Njabulo Ngcobo’s signature! |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/psl-south-africa/kaizer-chiefs-beat-mamelodi-sundowns-to-njabulo-ngcobos-signature/ |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=thesouthafrican.com |archive-date=27 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727213657/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/psl-south-africa/kaizer-chiefs-beat-mamelodi-sundowns-to-njabulo-ngcobos-signature |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ya buga wasansa na farko a [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Afirka ta Kudu]] a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2021 a wasan cin kofin COSAFA na 2021 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Lesotho|Lesotho]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2021 |title=South Africa v Lesotho game report |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/lineups?gameId=613384 |access-date=12 August 2021 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Afirka ta Kudu ce ta lashe gasar, kuma Ngcobo ya zura kwallo a ragar Mozambique a wasan kusa da na karshe. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] 0yhqfdn1oousl6y6tgbphk3710otoia 0 75733 889023 737301 2026-07-29T15:35:57Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Katlego''' " '''Tiki''' " '''Ntsabeleng''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1998) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke bugawa FC Dallas a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Major League . == Sana'a == === Matasa da jami'a === An haife shi a Daveyton a Afirka ta Kudu, Ntsabeleng ya shafe lokaci tare da kungiyoyi daban-daban a Afirka ta Kudu ciki har da kungiyar Stars of Africa Academy, wanda ya shiga a 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2016 |title=Meet UJ football maverick Katlego 'Tsiki' Ntsabeleng • |url=https://varsitysportssa.com/meet-uj-football-maverick-katlego-tsiki-ntsabeleng/ |website=varsitysportssa.com |access-date=21 March 2024 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227010814/https://varsitysportssa.com/meet-uj-football-maverick-katlego-tsiki-ntsabeleng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ntsabeleng ya kuma bayyana a kungiyar [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Kaizer Chiefs|Kaizer Chiefs]] da Mamelodi Sundowns, kafin ya halarci Jami'ar Johannesburg, inda ya buga kwallon kafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntsabeleng: Former Kaizer Chiefs youngster joins MLS side FC Dallas &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-cm/news/ntsabeleng-former-kaizer-chiefs-youngster-joins-mls-side-fc/blt7288381238c392e9 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Farouk Khan: Ntsabeleng signing at FC Dallas an indictment on SA scouting |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2022-01-14-farouk-khan-ntsabeleng-signing-at-fc-dallas-an-indictment-on-sa-scouting/ |website=TimesLIVE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Johannesburg to Dallas: How Tsiki Ntsabeleng Forged Pro Career Despite Naysayers &#124; FC Dallas |url=https://www.fcdallas.com/news/johannesburg-to-dallas-how-tsiki-ntsabeleng-forged-pro-career-despite-naysayers |website=fcdallas}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Ntsabeleng ya koma Amurka don buga ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Coastal Carolina . A cikin yanayi biyu tare da Chanticleers, ya buga wasanni 28, ya zira kwallaye tara kuma ya taimaka takwas. A cikin ƙaramar kakarsa, ya sami Teamungiyar Farko ta All-Sun Belt, Sun Belt Championship All-Gasa Team, United Soccer Coaches All-Southeast Region, and the Sun Belt's Newcomer of the Year. A cikin 2019, an sake kiran shi Sun Belt First Team All-Conference. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tsiki Ntsabeleng – Men's Soccer |url=https://goccusports.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/tsiki-ntsabeleng/9527 |website=Coastal Carolina University Athletics}}</ref> Bayan ya sami digirinsa, Ntsabeleng ya shiga cikin shirin digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Jihar [[Oregon]] inda ya buga wasanni tare da Beavers, inda ya zira kwallaye shida kuma ya taimaka goma a wasanni 25. An kira shi All-Pac-12 First Team da All-Far West Region First Team a babban kakarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tsiki Ntsabeleng – Men's Soccer |url=https://osubeavers.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/tsiki-ntsabeleng/8952 |website=Oregon State University Athletics}}</ref> Yayin da yake kwaleji, Ntsabeleng ya taka leda tare da USL League Two Reading United a lokacin kakar 2019. Ya buga wasanni biyar a kungiyar, inda ya kare da taimakon sunansa guda daya. === Kwararren === A ranar 11 ga Janairu 2022, an zaɓi Ntsabeleng 28th gabaɗaya a cikin 2022 MLS SuperDraft ta FC Dallas . A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2022, ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda da kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Dallas Signs 2022 MLS SuperDraft No. 28 Overall Pick Tsiki Ntsabeleng &#124; FC Dallas |url=https://www.fcdallas.com/news/fc-dallas-signs-2022-mls-superdraft-no-28-overall-pick-tsiki-ntsabeleng |website=fcdallas}}</ref> Babban kocin Dallas Nico Estevez ya buga misali da kuzarin Ntsabeleng da dribling: “Yana da matukar kuzarin dan wasa. Gaskiya mai kyau kuzari. Yana wasa da ɗan lokaci mai kyau ... sannan kuma ikonsa na daidaitawa da ƙwallon ƙafa yayin dribbling ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na musamman. Kuma abin da muka gani ke nan kafin daftarin. Kuma wannan shine abin da muke gani zuwa yanzu a preseason. Ina tsammanin yana ci gaba ta hanyar da ta dace. Kuma ya sami matsayinsa tare da mu." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dallas |first=F. C. |title=Johannesburg to Dallas: How Tsiki Ntsabeleng Forged Pro Career Despite Naysayers |url=https://www.fcdallas.com/news/johannesburg-to-dallas-how-tsiki-ntsabeleng-forged-pro-career-despite-naysayers |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=FC Dallas |language=en}}</ref> Estevez ya fara canza Ntsabeleng zuwa dan wasan tsakiya na akwatin-zuwa-kwali a cikin tsarinsa na 4-3-3, tare da Ntsabeleng yana taka rawa irin wannan kamar Paxton Pomykal da Brandon Servania . Ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙwararru a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2022, yana bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin minti na 77 yayin wasan 1 – 1 da [[Toronto]] FC . <ref>{{Cite web |title=DALvsTOR 02-26-2022 home &#124; MLSsoccer.com |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/competitions/mls-regular-season/2022/matches/dalvstor-02-26-2022/ |website=mlssoccer |access-date=2024-03-21 |archive-date=2024-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520102211/https://www.mlssoccer.com/competitions/mls-regular-season/2022/matches/dalvstor-02-26-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ntsabeleng ya ci kwallonsa ta farko ta FC Dallas a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2022 da [[Houston]] Dynamo, mai daidaitawa minti na 87 bayan ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da ci 2-1 a FCD. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Comeback season! FC Dallas snatch Texas Derby win from Houston Dynamo FC &#124; MLSsoccer.com |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/comeback-season-fc-dallas-snatch-texas-derby-win-from-houston-dynamo-fc |website=mlssoccer}}</ref> Farawa na farko na MLS ya zo ne a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a wasan da suka tashi 2–2 da Sporting Kansas City a ranar 30 ga Afrilu a Park Mercy Park . <ref>{{Cite web |last=mlssoccer |title=SKCvsDAL 04-30-2022 Recap {{!}} MLSsoccer.com |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/competitions/mls-regular-season/2022/matches/skcvsdal-04-30-2022/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=mlssoccer |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526232029/https://www.mlssoccer.com/competitions/mls-regular-season/2022/matches/skcvsdal-04-30-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] eyfoioc8a3npgla16shkptaue4canvj 0 75927 889189 843356 2026-07-29T21:28:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nonhlanhla Mthandi''' (kuma '''Nhlanhla''' ; An haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan [[Ogusta|Agusta]] shekara ta 1995) ƙwararriyar ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce kuma ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ƴar wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|Mata ta SAFA]] Mamelodi Sundowns da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonhlanhla Mthandi :: Sundowns :: Player Profile :: playmakerstats.com |url=https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/nonhlanhla-mthandi/933119?epoca_id=151 |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=www.playmakerstats.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231165436/https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/nonhlanhla-mthandi/933119?epoca_id=151 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies === A cikin 2015, Mthandi ta shiga [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|ƙungiyar Mata ta SAFA]] Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies . === Alexandra Bluebirds === A cikin 2016, ta bar Sundowns Ladies kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar Mata ta Sasol Alexandra Bluebirds don samun ƙarin lokacin wasa. Ta zura kwallo a wasan farko a waje da kungiyar Aqua Ladies. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Import |first=Pongrass |date=2016-09-12 |title='Gaddafi' eyes Banyana at Birds |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/alex-news/87547/gaddafi-eyes-banyana-at-birds/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Alex News |language=en-US}}</ref> === Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies === A cikin 2021, ta kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar 'yan matan Sundowns da suka yi nasara. Ta zura kwallo a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun mata na COSAFA a karon farko bayan da ta doke Black Rhino Queens da ci 3-0 daga Zimbabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=iDiski |date=2021-09-04 |title=Sundowns Book CAFWCL Finals Spot |url=https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/womens-football/sundowns-book-cafwcl-finals-spot/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=iDiski Times |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wannan nasarar ce ta ba su damar shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun mata ta CAF da aka gudanar a birnin Alkahira na kasar Masar. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar cin kofin zakarun mata ta CAF karo na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-20 |title=Caf Women's Champions League: Mamelodi Sundowns beat Hasaacas to rule Africa {{!}} Goal.com South Africa |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/caf-womens-champions-league-mamelodi-sundowns-beat-ghanaian-side-hasaacas-to-rule-africa/bltf4ee16212cc29ff3 |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Sun kammala treble ta hanyar kare takensu na Hollywoodbets Super League a cikin Disamba 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Diski |date=2021-12-05 |title=Sundowns Crowned Champions OF Hollywoodbets Super League {{!}} Diski Voice |url=https://diskivoice.co.za/sundowns-crowned-champions-of-hollywoodbets-super-league/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921020817/https://diskivoice.co.za/sundowns-crowned-champions-of-hollywoodbets-super-league/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2022, ta yi tauraro a cikin shirin kulab ɗin Banyana ba Style: Sarauniyar Farko ta Kwallon Afirka. Fim ɗin yana murna da tafiya na 'yan wasan Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies yayin da suka cimma babban ci gaba na tarihi na da'awar gasar cin kofin zakarun mata na CAF na farko. Sun kasance a mataki na biyu don 2022 COSAFA Champions League mata da 2022 CAF Champions League na mata . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-13 |title=EN, FR, PR: Green Buffaloes stun Mamelodi Sundowns to win regional title |url=https://cosafa.com/green-buffaloes-stun-mamelodi-sundowns-to-win-regional-title/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=AS FAR stun nine-woman Mamelodi Sundowns to clinch 2022 Caf Women's Champions League title {{!}} Goal.com South Africa |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/as-far-stun-nine-woman-mamelodi-sundowns-to-clinch-2022-caf-women-s-champions-league-title/bltc72e136a7b1c7999 |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Sun ci Hollywoodbets Super League na shekara ta uku a jere a cikin Nuwamba 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=iDiski |date=2022-11-28 |title=Final Hollywoodbets Super League Wrap |url=https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/womens-football/final-hollywoodbets-super-league-wrap/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=iDiski Times |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425234911/https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/womens-football/final-hollywoodbets-super-league-wrap/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2023, sun ci gasarsu ta biyu da suka fara da gasar zakarun mata ta COSAFA ta 2023 tare da Mthandi ta zura kwallaye biyu a gasar. Sun dawo da kambun gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai lokacin da suka ci gasar cin kofin zakarun mata na CAF 2023 . Sun kammala gasar uku tare da taken 2023 Hollywoodbets Super League a watan Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillay |first=Alicia |date=2023-12-31 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies Ready for More Success after 2023 Triumph |url=https://gsport.co.za/mamelodi-sundowns-ladies-ready-for-more-success-after-2023-triumph/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=gsport4girls |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Mthandi ta fafata ne a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Afrika ta Kudu a gasar cin kofin mata ta COSAFA ta shekarar 2020 inda aka lashe gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-02 |title=Banyana Banyana 2020 COSAFA Women’s Cup squad: - SAFA.net |url=https://www.safa.net/2020/11/02/banyana-banyana-2020-cosafa-womens-cup-squad/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416131907/https://www.safa.net/2020/11/02/banyana-banyana-2020-cosafa-womens-cup-squad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Komoros|Comoros]] da ci 7-0 a gasar. A cikin 2022, ta kasance cikin tawagar da ta zo ta biyu zuwa Zambia a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta COSAFA ta 2022 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=KickOff |title=Zambia pip Banyana to COSAFA crown |url=https://www.snl24.com/kickoff/sanews/banyana/banyana-lose-out-to-zambia-in-cosafa-cup-20220911 |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=KickOff |language=en-US}}</ref> == Girmamawa == === Kulob === === Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies === * [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|Kungiyar Mata ta SAFA]] : 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CAF : 2021, 2023 ; Shekarar: 2022 * COSAFA Gasar Cin Kofin Mata: 2021, 2023 ; na biyu 2022.. === Afirka ta Kudu === * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta COSAFA : 2020 ; shekara: 2022. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] mr1ih7hcq0fhbzf2zz2z9saeaewqxw6 0 77095 889061 487984 2026-07-29T16:16:50Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:2012 2013 - Ayoub Abou Oulam - Flickr - Castroquini-FCB.jpg|thumb|Ayoub Abu]] '''Ayoub Abou Oulam''' (an haife shi 28 ga Yunin shekarar 1998) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Morocco wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bulgaria Pirin Blagoevgrad . <ref>{{Soccerway|372491}}</ref> == Sana'a == An haifi Abou a [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] amma ya koma [[Barcelona]] yana da shekaru tara. Daga baya ya koma [[FC Barcelona]] 's La Masia, <ref name="es">{{Cite web |title=Ayoub Abou: "Mi único objetivo ahora es llegar al primer equipo del Porto" |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/ayoub-abou-unico-objetivo-ahora-llegar-primer-equipo-del-porto-5196385 |publisher=sport.es}}</ref> amma ya koma FC Porto a watan Yuli 2015, an fara sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco’s Ayoub Abou to Join FC Porto from FC Barcelona |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2015/07/163552/moroccos-ayoub-abou-to-join-fc-porto-from-fc-barcelona |publisher=moroccoworldnews.com}}</ref> A kan 30 Agusta 2017, Abou ya shiga Segunda División B gefen CF Rayo Majadahonda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Ayoub Abou, nuevo y último fichaje para completar la plantilla del CF Rayo Majadahonda |trans-title=Ayoub Abou, new and last signing to complete the squad of CF Rayo Majadahonda |url=http://rayomajadahonda.es/index.php/ayoub-abou-nuevo-y-ultimo-fichaje-para-completar-la-plantilla-del-cf-rayo-majadahonda/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901225001/http://rayomajadahonda.es/index.php/ayoub-abou-nuevo-y-ultimo-fichaje-para-completar-la-plantilla-del-cf-rayo-majadahonda/ |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=6 June 2018 |publisher=CF Rayo Majadahonda |language=es}}</ref> Ya yi babban wasansa na farko a ranar 10 ga Satumba, yana farawa a cikin rashin nasara 0–4 da SD Ponferradina . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2017 |title=Ponferradina 4–0 Rayo Majadahonda {{!}} Goleada engañosa |trans-title=Ponferradina 4–0 Rayo Majadahonda {{!}} Misleading routing |url=http://www.elgoldemadriz.com/ponferradina-4-0-rayo-majadahonda-goleada-enganosa/ |access-date=6 June 2018 |publisher=El Gol de Madriz |language=es}}</ref> Abou ya zira kwallonsa na farko a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2017, inda ya zira kwallo ta biyu a wasan da ci 2-0 a gida da Pontevedra CF. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2017 |title=Rayo Majadahodna 2–0 Pontevedra {{!}} Iniesta 2.0 guía la victoria local |trans-title=Rayo Majadahodna 2–0 Pontevedra {{!}} Iniesta 2.0 guides the victory of the hosts |url=http://www.elgoldemadriz.com/rayo-majadahonda-2-0-pontevedra-iniesta-2-0-guia-la-victoria-local/ |access-date=6 June 2018 |publisher=El Gol de Madriz |language=es}}</ref> Ya gama yakin da burin biyu a cikin matches 31, yayin da gefensa ya sami nasarar farko zuwa Segunda División . [[Fayil:Ayoub Abou.jpg|thumb|Ayoub Abu]] A cikin 2018, Abou ya rattaba hannu kan kungiyar Real Madrid Castilla ta Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayoub, que fichó por el Getafe, se va y firma por el Real Madrid |url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/02/primera/1533210012_786518.html |publisher=as.com}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Abou ya rattaba hannu kan SPAL a matakin Italiya na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dal Real alla Spal, Abou si presenta: “Sono pronto a giocare qualsiasi partita” |url=https://www.ilposticipo.it/calcio/dal-real-alla-spal-abou-si-presenta-sono-pronto-a-giocare-qualsiasi-partita/ |publisher=ilposticipo.it |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2022-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220182005/https://www.ilposticipo.it/calcio/dal-real-alla-spal-abou-si-presenta-sono-pronto-a-giocare-qualsiasi-partita/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kafin rabin na biyu na 2021-22, an aika shi aro zuwa tawagar Bulgarian Tsarsko Selo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=IL CENTROCAMPISTA AYOUB ABOU IN PRESTITO AL TSARSKO SELO SOFIA |url=https://www.spalferrara.it/il-centrocampista-ayoub-abou-in-prestito-al-tsarsko-selo-sofia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220182009/https://www.spalferrara.it/il-centrocampista-ayoub-abou-in-prestito-al-tsarsko-selo-sofia/ |archive-date=2022-02-20 |access-date=2022-02-20 |publisher=spalferrara.it}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2022, ya fara halartan sa a cikin rashin nasara da ci 1–2 a Beroe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Берое получи гол със задна ножица, но обърна Царско село в дебюта на Хубчев |url=https://sportal.bg/news-2022022005212716368 |publisher=sportal.bg}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] 5kyo77q8p0hi0myr03501fo2aw4dwlc 889062 889061 2026-07-29T16:17:00Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:2012 2013 - Ayoub Abou Oulam - Flickr - Castroquini-FCB.jpg|thumb|Ayoub Abu]] '''Ayoub Abou Oulam''' (an haife shi 28 ga Yunin shekarar 1998) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Morocco wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bulgaria Pirin Blagoevgrad . <ref>{{Soccerway|372491}}</ref> == Sana'a == An haifi Abou a [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] amma ya koma [[Barcelona]] yana da shekaru tara. Daga baya ya koma [[FC Barcelona]] 's La Masia, <ref name="es">{{Cite web |title=Ayoub Abou: "Mi único objetivo ahora es llegar al primer equipo del Porto" |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/ayoub-abou-unico-objetivo-ahora-llegar-primer-equipo-del-porto-5196385 |publisher=sport.es}}</ref> amma ya koma FC Porto a watan Yuli 2015, an fara sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco’s Ayoub Abou to Join FC Porto from FC Barcelona |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2015/07/163552/moroccos-ayoub-abou-to-join-fc-porto-from-fc-barcelona |publisher=moroccoworldnews.com}}</ref> A kan 30 Agustan shekarar 2017, Abou ya shiga Segunda División B gefen CF Rayo Majadahonda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Ayoub Abou, nuevo y último fichaje para completar la plantilla del CF Rayo Majadahonda |trans-title=Ayoub Abou, new and last signing to complete the squad of CF Rayo Majadahonda |url=http://rayomajadahonda.es/index.php/ayoub-abou-nuevo-y-ultimo-fichaje-para-completar-la-plantilla-del-cf-rayo-majadahonda/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901225001/http://rayomajadahonda.es/index.php/ayoub-abou-nuevo-y-ultimo-fichaje-para-completar-la-plantilla-del-cf-rayo-majadahonda/ |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=6 June 2018 |publisher=CF Rayo Majadahonda |language=es}}</ref> Ya yi babban wasansa na farko a ranar 10 ga Satumba, yana farawa a cikin rashin nasara 0–4 da SD Ponferradina . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2017 |title=Ponferradina 4–0 Rayo Majadahonda {{!}} Goleada engañosa |trans-title=Ponferradina 4–0 Rayo Majadahonda {{!}} Misleading routing |url=http://www.elgoldemadriz.com/ponferradina-4-0-rayo-majadahonda-goleada-enganosa/ |access-date=6 June 2018 |publisher=El Gol de Madriz |language=es}}</ref> Abou ya zira kwallonsa na farko a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2017, inda ya zira kwallo ta biyu a wasan da ci 2-0 a gida da Pontevedra CF. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2017 |title=Rayo Majadahodna 2–0 Pontevedra {{!}} Iniesta 2.0 guía la victoria local |trans-title=Rayo Majadahodna 2–0 Pontevedra {{!}} Iniesta 2.0 guides the victory of the hosts |url=http://www.elgoldemadriz.com/rayo-majadahonda-2-0-pontevedra-iniesta-2-0-guia-la-victoria-local/ |access-date=6 June 2018 |publisher=El Gol de Madriz |language=es}}</ref> Ya gama yakin da burin biyu a cikin matches 31, yayin da gefensa ya sami nasarar farko zuwa Segunda División . [[Fayil:Ayoub Abou.jpg|thumb|Ayoub Abu]] A cikin 2018, Abou ya rattaba hannu kan kungiyar Real Madrid Castilla ta Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayoub, que fichó por el Getafe, se va y firma por el Real Madrid |url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/08/02/primera/1533210012_786518.html |publisher=as.com}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Abou ya rattaba hannu kan SPAL a matakin Italiya na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dal Real alla Spal, Abou si presenta: “Sono pronto a giocare qualsiasi partita” |url=https://www.ilposticipo.it/calcio/dal-real-alla-spal-abou-si-presenta-sono-pronto-a-giocare-qualsiasi-partita/ |publisher=ilposticipo.it |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2022-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220182005/https://www.ilposticipo.it/calcio/dal-real-alla-spal-abou-si-presenta-sono-pronto-a-giocare-qualsiasi-partita/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kafin rabin na biyu na 2021-22, an aika shi aro zuwa tawagar Bulgarian Tsarsko Selo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=IL CENTROCAMPISTA AYOUB ABOU IN PRESTITO AL TSARSKO SELO SOFIA |url=https://www.spalferrara.it/il-centrocampista-ayoub-abou-in-prestito-al-tsarsko-selo-sofia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220182009/https://www.spalferrara.it/il-centrocampista-ayoub-abou-in-prestito-al-tsarsko-selo-sofia/ |archive-date=2022-02-20 |access-date=2022-02-20 |publisher=spalferrara.it}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2022, ya fara halartan sa a cikin rashin nasara da ci 1–2 a Beroe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Берое получи гол със задна ножица, но обърна Царско село в дебюта на Хубчев |url=https://sportal.bg/news-2022022005212716368 |publisher=sportal.bg}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] g4r9v1pk6wk4jqcty1kai49vx88dghn 0 77479 889001 479874 2026-07-29T15:20:30Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Team_South_Africa_WK_Valkenburg_2012.jpg|thumb|Robyn de Groot a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta UCI ta 2012]] '''Robyn de Groot''', an haife ta ne a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1982, 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce mai tuka keke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robyn de Groot Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/de/robyn-de-groot-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418062116/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/de/robyn-de-groot-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2015-05-07 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> Ta yi sana'a ta tuka keke a kan hanya daga 2006 zuwa 2012. Tana wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu na shekaru 6 a jere, ta wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya 4, Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a Delhi, Indiya da Wasannin Olympics na London na 2012. Ba ta iya [[gamawa]] a cikin iyakar lokaci saboda hadari na farko da matsalolin inji. [[Fayil:Team South Africa WK Valkenburg 2012.jpg|thumb|Robyn de Groot]] A shekara ta 2012, ta yi ritaya daga sana'ar keken keke. Ta koma sana'arta a Biokinetics . Robyn ta fara tuka keke a cikin shekara ta 2013, da farko a matsayin abin sha'awa, nan da nan ya zama wata hanya da ta yi fice a. Ta lashe jerin keken dutse na MTN National marathon wanda ya tabbatar da daidaito na sakamakon ta. Robyn ta ci gaba da lashe lambar yabo ta marathon ta SA a yunkurin farko, kuma an zaba ta don wakiltar kasar ta a gasar zakarun duniya ta Marathon a [[Austriya|Austria]], inda ta kammala ta 19. A shekara ta 2014 Robyn ta samu nasarar kare taken ta na XCM na kasa a karo na biyu a jere, kuma ta kammala ta 6 a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya da aka gudanar a Pietermaritzburg, Afirka ta Kudu. A watan Maris, 2017, De Groot, yana hawa tare da Sabine Spitz na Jamus, ya gama Absa Cape Epic a matsayi na uku bayan jerin koma baya - galibi manyan hadari biyu na Jamus - sun biya masu damar da suka fi so kafin tseren. Wannan shi ne na uku na de Groot na Cape Epic. Ta kammala ta 2 a shekarar 2015 kuma a matsayin mai kammala mutum a shekarar 2016 lokacin da abokin aikinta ya fice daga tseren saboda rashin lafiya. A watan Satumbar 2019, De Groot ta kasance ta uku a tseren mata masu daraja a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta UCI Mountain Bike Marathon da aka gudanar a Grächen, Switzerland == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi kuma ya girma a [[Johannesburg]], Afirka ta Kudu. Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Panorama, sannan ta biyo bayan Makarantar Sakandare ta Northliff inda ta shiga makarantar a shekarar 2000. Robyn ta yi karatun ilimin halayyar wasanni a Jami'ar Johannesburg, kuma ta ci gaba da yin girmamawa a Biokinetics a Jami'an Cape Town (2004).cancanta: BA Sport Psychology B.S.c (Med) (Hons) Kimiyyar motsa jiki (Biokinetics) == Tarihi == 2006 2007 2008 - Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. Varese. Italiya 2009 2010 - Wasannin Commonwealth. Delhi, Indiya - gasar zakarun duniya. [[Melbourne]], Ostiraliya 2011 - Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. Copenhagen, Denmark 2012 - London Olympian (Hanyar) - Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. Netherlands 2013 - Gasar XCM ta kasa: SA - Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. Brixental, Austria. 19th 2014 - Gasar XCM ta kasa: Afirka ta Kudu - Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. Pietermaritzburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Na 6 2017 - 3rd Absa Cape Epic Mata category 2019 - An sanya shi na 3 a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta UCI Mountain Bike Marathon, Switzerland <big>Kungiyoyin UCI - keken keke</big> na hanya - ƙungiyar keken keke ta mata ta MTN 2010 - Kungiyar mata ta Lotto Honda 2011 - Lotto-Belisol 2012 Mai tallafawa na yanzu - Mountain Biking (2014) - Title Masu tallafawa: Biogen Toyota - Masu tallafawawa: Trek, Craft, Bontrager, Cyclelab, Nike Vision == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b67weo6jvjdijqjf3hvlmqve0z27lwh 0 78031 889057 724196 2026-07-29T16:15:19Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Haris Tuharea''' (an haife shi a ranar ishirin da biyu 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara casa’in da hiding 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Indonesia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan hagu na ƙungiyar Lig 1 ta PSS Sleman . <ref name="soccerway">{{Cite web |title=Indonesia - H. Tuharea - Profile with news, career statistics and history |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/haris-tuharea/610263/ |access-date=2018-11-12 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob ɗin == === PS Mojokerto Putra === A cikin shekarar 2017, Tuharea ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara tare da PS Mojokerto Putra . Tuharea ya zira kwallaye 10 a kakar shekarat ta 2018, lokacin da PSMP ta taka leda a rukuni na biyu. === PSS Sleman === A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2019, Tuharea ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara tare da PSS Sleman tare da sauran 'yan wasa, Derry Rachman, Ricky Kambuaya, da Jajang Sukmara . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2019 |title=PSS Sleman Resmi Kontrak Empat Pemain Baru |url=https://tirto.id/pss-sleman-resmi-kontrak-empat-pemain-baru-dfgJ}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu shekarar ta 2019 a wasan da ya yi da Arema, ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga Brian Ferreira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2019 |title=PSS SLEMAN VS. AREMA 3 - 1 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/05/15/indonesia/super-liga/pss-sleman/arema-isl-rendra-kresna/3014569/}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2019, Tuharea ya zira kwallaye na farko ga PSS tare da zira kwallayen da ya yi wa Kalteng Putra a Filin wasa na Maguwoharjo, Sleman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 7, 2019 |title=2 Gol Tuharea Bawa PSS Sleman Permalukan Kalteng Putra |url=https://m.liputan6.com/bola/read/4006984/2-gol-tuharea-bawa-pss-sleman-permalukan-kalteng-putra}}</ref> Kwanaki shida bayan haka, ya zira kwallaye masu gwagwalada nasara a nasarar 2-1 a kan Persebaya Surabaya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2019 |title=Hasil Babak II Skor 2-1 PSS Sleman Vs Persebaya Surabaya, Gol Tuharea Selamatkan Super Elja |url=https://jateng.tribunnews.com/2019/07/13/hasil-babak-ii-skor-2-1-pss-sleman-vs-persebaya-surabaya-gol-tuharea-selamatkan-super-elja}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, Tuharea ta zira kwallaye a wasan 2-2 a kan Matura United. A lokacin kakar shekarar 2019, ya buga wasanni 23, ya zira gwagwalada kwallaye 6 kuma ya ba da taimako 3 ga PSS Sleman. === Matura United === Ya sanya hannu ga Matura United don yin wasa a Lig 1 a kakar shekarar 2020. Tuharea ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2020 a wasan da ya yi da Barito Putera a Filin wasa na Gelora Ratu Pamelingan, Pamekasan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MADURA UNITED VS. BARITO PUTERA 4 - 0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/02/29/indonesia/super-liga/pelita-jaya/barito-putra/3238710/ |website=soccerway.com}}</ref> An dakatar da wannan kakar a ranar 27 ga watsn Maris shekarar ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19. An watsar da kakar kuma an ayyana shi mara amfani a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2021. A ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2021, Tuharea ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Madura United a nasarar 0-3 a kan Barito Putera a Filin wasa na Maguwoharjo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2021 |title=Catatkan Gol Debut, Haris Tuharea Sukses Lawan Trauma Cedera |url=https://kabarmadura.id/79417-2/ |access-date=28 November 2021 |publisher=kabarmadura.id |language=id |archive-date=29 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129030308/https://kabarmadura.id/79417-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, Tuharea ta zira gwagwada kwallaye a minti na 71 a nasarar 0-1 a kan Bali United a Filin wasa na Sultan Agung . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, gwagwalada Tuharea ya ba da taimakon farko ga kulob din ga Slamet Nurcahyono a wasan Madura Gwanghwamun United na 2-2 a kan Borneo Samarinda a Filin wasa na Manahan . A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2022, ya fara wasan sa a kakar shekarar 2022-23 ta Liga 1 ga Madura United a cikin nasara 1-3 a kan Persib Bandung, yana zuwa a matsayin maye gurbin Lulinha berfore wasan ya ƙare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2022 |title=Persib Bandung 1–3 Madura United - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/07/30/indonesia/super-liga/persib-bandung/pelita-jaya/3859243/ |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Ya ba da gudummawa tare da bayyanar 21, da gwagwalada kwallaye 2 yayin da yake tare da Madura United na tsawon shekaru uku. === Komawa zuwa PSS Sleman === A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekarat ta 2023, Tuharea ya yanke shawarar sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da tsohon kulob dinsa tun shekarat 2019, PSS Sleman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2023 |title=KEMBALI BERSAMA PSS SLEMAN, HARIS TARGETKAN PERBAIKI KLASEMEN |url=https://pssleman.id/kembali-bersama-pss-sleman-haris-targetkan-perbaiki-klasemen/ |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=pssleman.id |language=id}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko a gasar a nasarar 2-0 a kan RANIN Nusantara kwana biyu bayan haka a matsayin mai maye gurbin a minti na 69.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSS SLEMAN VS. RANS NUSANTARA 2 - 0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/01/21/indonesia/super-liga/pss-sleman/cilegon-united/3859397/ |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Tuharea ya ba da gudummawa ga burin buɗewa ta Yevhen Bokhashvili a nasarar da PSS ta samu 2-1 a kan PS Barito Putera a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2023 |title=PS Barito Putera 1–2 PSS Sleman |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/01/31/indonesia/super-liga/barito-putra/pss-sleman/3859414/ |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kungiyar a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu a cikin asarar 4-2 tare da Persebaya Surabaya . == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|haris-tuharea/610263}} * [https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/liga_1_2020/haris_tuharea Haris Tuharea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819232228/https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/liga_1_2020/haris_tuharea |date=2021-08-19 }} a Liga Indonesia {{In lang|id}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] p4ybsme5mixdhc1lcm8ju7s8b5rnvax 889058 889057 2026-07-29T16:15:46Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Haris Tuharea''' (an haife shi a ranar ishirin da biyu 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar alif dubu daya da ɗari tara casa’in da hiding 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Indonesia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan hagu na ƙungiyar Lig 1 ta PSS Sleman . <ref name="soccerway">{{Cite web |title=Indonesia - H. Tuharea - Profile with news, career statistics and history |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/haris-tuharea/610263/ |access-date=2018-11-12 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob ɗin == === PS Mojokerto Putra === A cikin shekarar 2017, Tuharea ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara tare da PS Mojokerto Putra . Tuharea ya zira kwallaye 10 a kakar shekarat ta 2018, lokacin da PSMP ta taka leda a rukuni na biyu. === PSS Sleman === A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2019, Tuharea ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara tare da PSS Sleman tare da sauran 'yan wasa, Derry Rachman, Ricky Kambuaya, da Jajang Sukmara . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2019 |title=PSS Sleman Resmi Kontrak Empat Pemain Baru |url=https://tirto.id/pss-sleman-resmi-kontrak-empat-pemain-baru-dfgJ}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu shekarar ta 2019 a wasan da ya yi da Arema, ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga Brian Ferreira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2019 |title=PSS SLEMAN VS. AREMA 3 - 1 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/05/15/indonesia/super-liga/pss-sleman/arema-isl-rendra-kresna/3014569/}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2019, Tuharea ya zira kwallaye na farko ga PSS tare da zira kwallayen da ya yi wa Kalteng Putra a Filin wasa na Maguwoharjo, Sleman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 7, 2019 |title=2 Gol Tuharea Bawa PSS Sleman Permalukan Kalteng Putra |url=https://m.liputan6.com/bola/read/4006984/2-gol-tuharea-bawa-pss-sleman-permalukan-kalteng-putra}}</ref> Kwanaki shida bayan haka, ya zira kwallaye masu gwagwalada nasara a nasarar 2-1 a kan Persebaya Surabaya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2019 |title=Hasil Babak II Skor 2-1 PSS Sleman Vs Persebaya Surabaya, Gol Tuharea Selamatkan Super Elja |url=https://jateng.tribunnews.com/2019/07/13/hasil-babak-ii-skor-2-1-pss-sleman-vs-persebaya-surabaya-gol-tuharea-selamatkan-super-elja}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, Tuharea ta zira kwallaye a wasan 2-2 a kan Matura United. A lokacin kakar shekarar 2019, ya buga wasanni 23, ya zira gwagwalada kwallaye 6 kuma ya ba da taimako 3 ga PSS Sleman. === Matura United === Ya sanya hannu ga Matura United don yin wasa a Lig 1 a kakar shekarar 2020. Tuharea ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2020 a wasan da ya yi da Barito Putera a Filin wasa na Gelora Ratu Pamelingan, Pamekasan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MADURA UNITED VS. BARITO PUTERA 4 - 0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/02/29/indonesia/super-liga/pelita-jaya/barito-putra/3238710/ |website=soccerway.com}}</ref> An dakatar da wannan kakar a ranar 27 ga watsn Maris shekarar ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19. An watsar da kakar kuma an ayyana shi mara amfani a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2021. A ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2021, Tuharea ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Madura United a nasarar 0-3 a kan Barito Putera a Filin wasa na Maguwoharjo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2021 |title=Catatkan Gol Debut, Haris Tuharea Sukses Lawan Trauma Cedera |url=https://kabarmadura.id/79417-2/ |access-date=28 November 2021 |publisher=kabarmadura.id |language=id |archive-date=29 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129030308/https://kabarmadura.id/79417-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, Tuharea ta zira gwagwada kwallaye a minti na 71 a nasarar 0-1 a kan Bali United a Filin wasa na Sultan Agung . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, gwagwalada Tuharea ya ba da taimakon farko ga kulob din ga Slamet Nurcahyono a wasan Madura Gwanghwamun United na 2-2 a kan Borneo Samarinda a Filin wasa na Manahan . A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2022, ya fara wasan sa a kakar shekarar 2022-23 ta Liga 1 ga Madura United a cikin nasara 1-3 a kan Persib Bandung, yana zuwa a matsayin maye gurbin Lulinha berfore wasan ya ƙare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2022 |title=Persib Bandung 1–3 Madura United - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/07/30/indonesia/super-liga/persib-bandung/pelita-jaya/3859243/ |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Ya ba da gudummawa tare da bayyanar 21, da gwagwalada kwallaye 2 yayin da yake tare da Madura United na tsawon shekaru uku. === Komawa zuwa PSS Sleman === A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekarat ta 2023, Tuharea ya yanke shawarar sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da tsohon kulob dinsa tun shekarat 2019, PSS Sleman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2023 |title=KEMBALI BERSAMA PSS SLEMAN, HARIS TARGETKAN PERBAIKI KLASEMEN |url=https://pssleman.id/kembali-bersama-pss-sleman-haris-targetkan-perbaiki-klasemen/ |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=pssleman.id |language=id}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko a gasar a nasarar 2-0 a kan RANIN Nusantara kwana biyu bayan haka a matsayin mai maye gurbin a minti na 69.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSS SLEMAN VS. RANS NUSANTARA 2 - 0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/01/21/indonesia/super-liga/pss-sleman/cilegon-united/3859397/ |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Tuharea ya ba da gudummawa ga burin buɗewa ta Yevhen Bokhashvili a nasarar da PSS ta samu 2-1 a kan PS Barito Putera a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2023 |title=PS Barito Putera 1–2 PSS Sleman |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/01/31/indonesia/super-liga/barito-putra/pss-sleman/3859414/ |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kungiyar a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu a cikin asarar 4-2 tare da Persebaya Surabaya . == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|haris-tuharea/610263}} * [https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/liga_1_2020/haris_tuharea Haris Tuharea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819232228/https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/liga_1_2020/haris_tuharea |date=2021-08-19 }} a Liga Indonesia {{In lang|id}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] 3qytsna5vaepnbd6cid419sk6zyoc9r 0 79845 889005 608859 2026-07-29T15:22:22Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:University_of_Mpumalanga.jpg|thumb|Babban ƙofar Jami'ar Mpumalanga, Cibiyar Siyabuswa.]] [[Fayil:University_of_Mpumalanga_3.jpg|thumb|Gine-gine 7 Classrooms, Cibiyar Siyabuswa.]] '''Jami'ar Mpumalanga,''' tana zaune ne a Mbombela da Siyabuswa, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta 2014, da farko yana karɓar ɗalibai ɗari da arba'in.Ya ƙunshi ababen more rayuwa na cibiyoyin da ke akwai guda uku - Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Lowveld, makarantar baƙi a KaNyamazane da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Siyabuswa. A halin yanzu yana ba da digiri na farko na Ilimi da digiri na biyu na Aikin Gona, da kuma difloma a cikin Gudanar da Baƙi. Shugaban majalisa na wucin gadi shine Dokta Ramaranka A Mogotlane, FRCPS (Glas) , FRCS (Edin), a baya Shugaban Sashen Anatomy a [[Jami'ar Natal]] da MEDUNSA. Yana daya daga cikin sabbin jami'o'i biyu a Afirka ta Kudu, ɗayan kuma shine Jami'ar Sol Plaatje (wanda aka fi sani da Jami'ar Arewacin Cape) a Kimberley . == Tarihi == A cikin 1996 Kwamitin Ilimi na Jami'ar da Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwar Ilimi na University Technikon sun haɗu kuma an ba su aikin ci gaba da kafa jami'a a lardin ta tsohon MEC na Ilimi, Mista D D Mabuza. Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Kasa (Mpumalanga), wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 2006, a karkashin jagorancin marigayi Farfesa C C Mokadi ta tsara samar da Ilimi Mafi Girma a lardin. Wani muhimmin abu shi ne shawarar da aka yanke a taron Babban Kwamitin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na Afirka da aka gudanar a eThekwini ([[Durban]]) a cikin 2010 wanda ya yanke shawarar kafa sabbin jami'o'i biyu. Wannan yanke shawara ta taimaka wajen sauƙaƙe kafa jami'a a Lardin Mpumalanga. A cikin shekara ta 2010, Ministan Ilimi da Horarwa, Dokta B E Nzimande, ya nada ƙungiyoyi biyu don bincika yiwuwar kafa sabbin jami'o'i a Mpumalanga da Arewacin Cape. Kungiyar aiki ta Mpumalanga wacce ta gabatar da rahoto mai kyau a watan Satumbar 2011, tana ba da shawarar kafa sabuwar jami'a a Mpumalanga ta jagoranci Farfesa T Z Mthembu. A watan Yulin 2013, Shugaban Jihar, Mista [[Jacob Zuma]], ya sanar da sunan sabuwar jami'ar a matsayin '''Jami'ar Mpumalanga''' da kuma sunayen mambobin Majalisar Wakilai don kula da kafa ta. Jami'ar Mpumalanga, jami'a mai zurfi, an gabatar da ita a hukumance kuma bisa doka ta hanyar buga sanarwar Gwamnati (No. 36772) a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 2013 kuma an kaddamar da ita a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba 2013. Majalisar wucin gadi ta nada Kungiyar Gudanar da Dabarun wacce ke gudanar da ayyukan yau da kullun na jami'ar. == Gudanarwa da gudanarwa == ''Dokar Ilimi Mafi Girma'' (Dokar No. 101 ta 1997) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.che.ac.za/documents/d000004/Higher_Education_Act.pdf |title=Higher Education Act (Act No, 101 of 1997) |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2013-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521074700/http://www.che.ac.za/documents/d000004/Higher_Education_Act.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta tabbatar da cewa jami'ar za ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Majalisar. * Shugaban jami'ar shine shugaban bikin jami'ar wanda, a cikin sunan jami'ar, yana ba da dukkan digiri. * Mataimakin Shugaban kasa sun haɗu, tare da Mataimakin Babban Jami'in da ke da alhakin gudanar da jami'ar yau da kullun. * Majalisar Dattawa tana da alhakin tsara duk ayyukan koyarwa, bincike da ilimi na jami'ar. * Bugu da ƙari, Majalisar Wakilan Dalibai (SRC), tana wakiltar bukatun ɗaliban jami'ar wanda kuma ke zaɓar wakilai zuwa Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar.<ref name="us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za">{{Cite web |url=http://us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za/assets/articles/attachments/11155_notice1159.pdf |title=Statute of the University of the Witwatersrand |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2019-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411210917/http://us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za/assets/articles/attachments/11155_notice1159.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Shugaba === * [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] 2016-2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramaphosa is chancellor of newly-established University of Mpumalanga |url=http://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-installed-chancellor-newly-established-university-mpumalanga |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=EWN |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202073726/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-installed-chancellor-newly-established-university-mpumalanga |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Mandisa Maya]] 2021- == Cibiyoyin karatu == Jami'ar ta kasu kashi biyu na ilimi - Mbombela da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Malami Siyabuswa. == Malamai == === Bincike === Jami'ar tana mai da hankali kan koyarwar tushe. === Kudin rajista === A ranar 12 ga Afrilu 2022 - 30 ga Afrilu rajista za a bude ga daliban shekara ta farko ta 2023 kuma kuɗin rajista shine R150. === Faculty === Jami'ar tana ba da wannan shirin: * Bachelor na Nazarin Ci gaba; * Bachelor of Arts; * Bachelor na Kasuwanci; * Bachelor of Education a Foundation Phase Koyarwa; * Bachelor of Science a aikin gona; * Bachelor na Kimiyya; * Bachelor na Kimiyya ta Muhalli; * Bachelor of Agriculture in Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management; * Diploma a cikin Aikin Gona a cikin [[Shuka]]; * Diploma a cikin samar da dabbobi; * Diploma a cikin Kare Yanayi; * Diploma a cikin Gudanar da Baƙi; * Diploma a cikin Fasahar Sadarwa a Ci gaban Aikace-aikace; * Digiri mai zurfi a Fasahar Sadarwa ta Bayanai a Ci gaban Aikace-aikace; * Ci gaba da difloma a fannin noma a fannin fadada noma. * Digiri na digiri a cikin Fasahar Sadarwa ta Bayanai a Ci gaban Aikace-aikace; * Bachelor na dokoki; * Jagoran Nazarin Ci Gaban. * Bachelor na Ayyukan Jama'a == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.ump.ac.za/}} [[Category: Jami'o'i a Afrika ta Kudu]] roem4imjml80hvugk0cwss89x1bhxy2 0 80478 889007 840258 2026-07-29T15:24:39Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Habayeb in Oslo for Viewing Palestine event.JPG|thumb|Huzama Habayeb a cikin mutane ]] '''Huzama Habayeb''' (Arabic) marubuciya ce na [[Falasdinawa|Palasdinawa]], [[Gajeren labari|Mai bada labari]], marubuciya, mai fassara, kuma mawakiya wanda ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa kamar Mahmoud Seif Eddin Al-Erani Award for Short Stories, [[Jerusalem]] Festival of Youth Innovation in Short Stories, da Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Kuwait a shekara ta 1987 tareda digiri na farko afannin Ingilishi da wallafe-wallafen, tabi aikin jarida, koyarwa, da fassara kafin tafara rubutu a matsayin marubuciyar da aka buga. Ita memba ce aduka Ƙungiyar Marubutan [[Jodan|Jordan]] da Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta [[Larabawa]] . <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":2"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=List of the winners of JWA's awards |url=http://www.jo-writers.org/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9 |access-date= |website=Jo-Writers |publisher= |archive-date=2019-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316044858/http://www.jo-writers.org/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwarta ta sirri == [[Fayil:Huzama Habayeb receives the 2017 naguib mahfouz medal for literature.jpg|thumb|Huzama Habayeb]] An haifi Habayeb a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1965, a [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]], inda ta girma kuma tayi karatu. Ta sami B.A. a cikin Harshen Ingilishi da Littattafai daga Jami'ar Kuwait a shekara ta 1987. Yakin Gulf wanda ya ɓarke 'yan shekaru bayan kammala karatunta, Habayeb - tare da danginta - sun koma Jordan kuma sun zauna a can shekaru da yawa kafin ta koma [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]], inda take zaune a halin yanzu.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Palestinian author in UAE stops US book project |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/palestine/palestinian-author-in-uae-stops-us-book-project-1.1027666 |access-date=2015-10-30 |website=gulfnews.com}}</ref> == Aikin yinta == Kafin rubuce-rubuce ya zama ainihin sana'arta, Habayeb tayi aiki a fannoni daban-daban. Tafara aikin jarida a Kuwait kuma tayi aiki a matsayin malama da mai fassara bayan ta koma Jordan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Information about Huzama Habayeb |url=http://culture.gov.jo/new/%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1-%25D9%2588-%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D9%2591%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8/7158-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324142939/http://culture.gov.jo/new/%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1-%25D9%2588-%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D9%2591%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8/7158-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8 |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |access-date=2015-10-30 |website=culture.gov.jo}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Amma har ma bayan samun karbuwa a matsayin fitacciyar marubuciya, tazaɓi ta kasance a cikin fannonin aikin jarida da fassara. Ta fassara littattafan Ingilishi da yawa zuwa Larabci.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title="The Discovery of the Germ" By John Waller |url=http://rasseen.com/art.php?id=82977300ff806588636c06c032a3a86c50501695 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> == Ayyukan rubuce-rubucenta == Rubutun Habayeb galibi fiction ne, kodayake ta kuma rubuta wadanda ba fiction ba. Manyan nau'ikan wallafe-wallafen guda uku data wallafa sun hada da shayari, [[Gajeren labari|gajerun labaru]], da litattafai. === Waƙoƙinta === Kodayake an san Habayeb amatsayin marubuciya, farkonta ta kasance tare da shayari - musamman, aya kyauta. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1990, an wallafa tarin waƙoƙi goma sha huɗu na Habayeb - a ƙarƙashin taken "Images" - a cikin fitowar 23 na mujallar An-Naqid, mujallar dake London wacce ta rufeta.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Closure of An-Naqid magazine |url=http://www.alarab.co.uk/m/?id=12152 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151108121628/http://www.alarab.co.uk/m/?id=12152 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Available issue of An Naqid magazines on PDF |url=http://maktabat-ach3b-alkarim.blogspot.com/2011/09/24.html |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Mafi shahararren aikin waka na Habayeb shine tarin shayari da ake kira "Begging," wanda '''Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Buga [AIRP]''' tabuga a shekara ta 2009, wanda shine gidan bugawa wanda ya buga mafi yawan ayyukanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: Arab Institute for Research and Publishing :: |url=http://www.airpbooks.com/En/About.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828030231/http://www.airpbooks.com/En/About.php |archive-date=August 28, 2015 |access-date=October 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=:: المؤسسة العربيـة للدراسـات و النشـر :: |url=http://airpbooks.com/Ar/Publications.php?CatId=55&page=11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323103626/http://airpbooks.com/Ar/Publications.php?CatId=55&page=11 |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |access-date=October 31, 2015}}</ref> Tasamu tarin ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa daga masu sukar. Jaridar Al Ghad, a cikin wata kasida da aka buga a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2009, ta yaba da sabon fitowar Habayeb kuma ta kammala da cewa "ta hanyar wannan rubuce-rubucen-daban na ita, Huzama Habayeb bata neman sanar da wani bangare na kwarewarta, ta hanyar tafiya zuwa ga shayari bayan rubuta gajerun labaru da litattafai da kuma fita da karfi a duk abubuwan da suka damu da matar da ke kusa da ita, wanda keson haifar da kalmomi masu haske, don rubuta wani bangare ne kawai ceto mai ban tsoro a nan ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Review of "Begging" |url=http://alghad.com/articles/673755-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85?s=7b2cae261d7d0a89e3676f37beaa2a4c |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Wadannan sune fassarar wani sashi daga tarin "Begging": {{Quote box|quote=Contemplate me... I walk on water, buttressed by transparent gravel; I braid the air, making plaits you climb on to reach my heart; I spin the clouds, weaving a pillow for your elbow; I embroider lit moons onto the sky's sheet that I unfold and lay out above your image; and yet.. Am I still unworthy of your love?|author=Huzama Habayeb|source=''Begging''|quoted=1|align=left}} === Gajerun labarunta === [[Fayil:Cover_of_A_Form_of_Absence.jpg|thumb|Rufin tarin gajeren labari na uku na Habayeb, "A Form of Absence"]] Mafi kyautatuwan gajeru labaran Wanda shine taƙaitaccen labari, wandaya ƙare shekara ta a 1992 lokacinda ta sami lambar yabota farko ta rubuce-rubuce: Bikin Urushalima na Innovation a cikin gajerun Labarai don tarin gajerun labaran na farkorko, "Mutumin da ke Magana" (''الرَّجُل يَتَكرَّر) '' wanda '''AIRP''' ta buga <ref name=":0"/> ''.''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=member page |url=http://www.jo-writers.org/%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9/358-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8 |access-date= |website= |publisher= |archive-date=2019-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221151655/http://www.jo-writers.org/%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9/358-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Habayeb's short-story collections by AIRP |url=http://airpbooks.com/Ar/Publications.php?CatId=56&page=7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225504/http://airpbooks.com/Ar/Publications.php?CatId=56&page=7 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan haka - bayan da aka buga tarin gajeren labaruntana biyu, "The Faraway Apples" (التُفَّاحات البَعيدَة) a cikin 1shekara ta 994 ta '''Gidan wallafe-wallafen Al-Karmel''' - Ƙungiyar Marubutan Jordan ta a Habayeb lambar yabo ta gajeren labarin a biyu, Mahmoud Seif Eddin Al-Erani Award . <ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Faraway Apples |url=https://bibliotek.dk/da/work/810010-katalog:007421599 |access-date= |website= |publisher= |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026001838/https://bibliotek.dk/da/work/810010-katalog:007421599 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1997, wanda '''AIRP''' ta bugaga a, Habayeb ta fitar da tarin gajeren labarinta na uku: "A Form of Absence" (شَكْلٌِما,) wanda shine "maɓallin juyawa" a cikin Habayeb's "writing technique, " kamar yada ta ce da kata a cikin wani shirin talabijin na al'adu da aka watsa a Al Jazeera a ranar watan 4 ga Mayshekara ta u, shekara ta 2004. Ta bayyana cewa duk halayen mta a cikin labarun daban-daban na iya zama mutum ɗaya; duk waɗannan mutane un ji kamar dai "''na mace daya'' ne," wanda shine daliln ''s'' ya sa "masu sukar da yawa suka ga a cikin wannan tarin tsakiya ko iri don littafi" <ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Al-Jazeera Interview |url=http://www.aljazeera.net/programs/culturalforum/2005/1/10/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B0-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> "Sweeter Night" (لَيْلٌ أحْلَى,) wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2002 - kuma ta '''AIRP''' - itace ta huɗu kuma ta ƙarshe da aka bugata Habayeb kafin tayi canji zuwa littafi.<ref name=":3"/> Tarin ya haifar da karin ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu sukar. Wani bita da aka buga a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekara ta 2002, acikin Al-Hayat, jaridar dake [[Landan]], ya yaba da tarin yana cewa "yana tono wuraren da labarun ta saba amfani dasu, amma tonowa a cikin wannan sabon tarin ya fi zurfi,yafi wadata kuma yafi ƙarfin zuciya fiye da yadda ya taɓa kasancewa. Bugu da ƙari, labaran nan - dangane da labarun da fasaha na harshe - sun fi fermented kuma suna da hangen nesa da kayan aiki a lokaci guda. "<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=A review of "Sweeter Nighter" |url=http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/2002/2/1/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9.html |access-date= |website= |publisher= |archive-date=2016-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323152158/http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/2002/2/1/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Littattafai === Bayan tarin gajerun labarai guda huɗu, Habayeb ta rubuta littafinta na farko, "The Origin of Love" (أصْل الهَوَى,) wanda AIRP tabuga a shekara ta 2007. <ref name="Habayeb's novels">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Habayeb's novels |url=http://airpbooks.com/Ar/Publications.php?CatId=53&page=13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305001954/http://airpbooks.com/Ar/Publications.php?CatId=53&page=13 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Littafin ya haifar da rikice-rikice saboda yawan abubuwan da keciki, masu girman kai, jima'i a ciki; wanda aka gabatar ta hanyar nunawa da bayyanawa. Wannan abun ciki yasa aka dakatar da littafin a Jordan, inda aka buga shi, a kan umarnin da Ma'aikatar Labarai da Littattafai ta yi.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Banning of "Origin of Love" |url=http://www.addustour.com/14623/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA+*++++%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9+%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%C2%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%C2%BB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9++%C2%AB%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%89%C2%BB.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065015/http://www.addustour.com/14623/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA+*++++%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9+%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%C2%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%C2%BB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9++%C2%AB%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%89%C2%BB.html |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin shirin da tashar talabijin ta [[Norway]] NRK2 ta watsa, Habayeb tayi magana game da yaren jima'i da lalata da take amfani dashi a wasu lokuta a cikin rubuce-rubucenta tana jaddada cewa "dole ne mu sanya as a shi yadda yake".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=NRK2 Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lk0V5YvXI4 |access-date= |website=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[NRK2]]}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye ta awata hira da jaridar Al Ghad a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2008, game da ra'ayinta game da shawarar haramtacciyar doka, Habayeb tace "magana ta kafofin watsa labarai tana nuna goyon bayan 'yancin jama'a - kuma a samansu 'yancin magana da rubutu - amma gaskiyar tace akwai rashin haƙuri na ilimi; da ƙuduri' da kuma ƙaddamar da hankali kan hankali iyakance 'don' yanci, kwace alkawari, kuma ya haifar da abo a kan hakikanin' yan jarda ba ta hanyar haramtacciya ba' al' yan jaridu ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Interview with Al Ghad |url=http://www.alghad.com/articles/699033-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1?search=%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Halin da aka yi game da "''Asalin Ƙauna"'' (أصْلُ الهَوَى,) ya kasance mai kyau sosai. Mawallafin litattafai kuma mai sukar wallafe-wallafen Palasdinawa, Waleed Abu Bakr, ya rubuta wani muhimmin labarin game da littafin a watan Agustan shekara ta 2007, inda ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani labari mai mahimmanci dangane da dabarun bada labari ko mahimmancin batutuwan da yake magancesu. " Ya kuma kara dacewa "dukkanin da aka tsara da kyau, al'amuran jima'i masu yawa ba kawai suna da niyya ba - wanda wani abune mai karatu zai iya ji batare da wani tuhuma ba saboda rashin jima'i ba a cikin nau'i ba - amma don cimma daidaito tsakanin jinsi".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Abu Bakr on The Origin of Love |url=http://www.jehat.com/Jehaat/ar/JanatAltaaweel/maqalatNaqadeya/waleed_abu_baker.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023803/http://www.jehat.com/Jehaat/ar/JanatAltaaweel/maqalatNaqadeya/waleed_abu_baker.htm |archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> Kuma acikin labarinta a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta 2007, jaridar [[Asharq Al-Awsat]] ta ce "Huzama Habyeb ya rubuta wani labari na siyasa ba tare da rubuta wasika ɗaya a siyasa ba; kuma daga nan ne kyawawan abubuwan wannan rubutun suka fito; rubutun da aka nutsar dashi a cikin jarabawar jiki da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar yau da kullun na maza waɗanda marubucin bai bayyana siffofin waje ba. "Wannan labarin ya ƙare ta hanyar yabon hanyar Habayeb ta harshe: "Dole ne mai mahimmanci dake nuna alamar da ke nunawa da ke nuna tasirin Palasdinawa, wanda ya fitowa daga ƙamus mai kyau, wanda ya zama mai kyau wanda ya fitoda ƙamus mai suna".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Critical Article on "The Origin of Love" |url=http://archive.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=19&article=406273&issueno=10305#.VjkEMLcrLIV}}</ref> Shekaru hudu bayan littafinta na farko, littafin Habayeb na biyu "''Kafin Sarauniya ta yi Barci''" (قَبْلَ أن تَنامَ المَلِكَة) an bugashi.<ref name="Habayeb's novels"/> Littafin, tare da yabo mai mahimmanci da kuma kasancewa "tsalle mai yawa" acikin rubuce-rubucenta, ya sami nasarar da aka samu bisa ga Goodreads.com.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Before the Queen Falls Asleep |url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16150861 |access-date= |website=[[Goodreads]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2011-07-18 |title=Release of "Before the Queen Falls Asleep" |url=http://www.alrai.com/article/475120.html |access-date=2021-03-31 |website=[[Al Ra'i (Jordanian newspaper)|Al Ra'i]] |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=August 9, 2014 |title=About "Before the Queen Falls Asleep" |url=http://www.azzaman.com/?p=78865 |access-date=March 31, 2021 |website=[[Azzaman]] |language=ar |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235350/http://www.azzaman.com/?p=78865 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Before the Queen Falls Asleep |url=http://www.al-watan.com/viewnews.aspx?cat=culture&d=20120322 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122222713/http://www.al-watan.com/viewnews.aspx?cat=culture&d=20120322 |archive-date=November 22, 2015 |website=Al Watan |language=ar}}</ref> A cikin wani shirin talabijin da aka watsa a tashar talabijin ta Sharjah a ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 2013, Huzama Habayeb ta bayyana cewa "wannan labari - a cikin labarin, tsarin ba da labari; kuma ba tare da wani rarrabuwa ko wani la'akari da fassarar ko mahimmancin fassarar ba - labarin mace ce dake gaya wa 'yarta labarin dake shirin karatu a kasashen waje" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharjah Media Corporation |url=http://www.smc.ae/ar/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206234124/http://www.smc.ae/ar/default.aspx |archive-date=February 6, 2015 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Habayeb on Sharjah TV |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bByxbeg9TkE |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Sabry Hafez, sanannen marubucin Masar kuma mai sukar, ya bayyana "Kafin Sarauniya Falls Asleep" (قَبْلَ تَنامَ المَلِكَة) a matsayin "wani labari mai mahimmanci, watakila mafi mahimmanci, littafin Palasdinawa na ƙarni na biyuna marubutan Falasdinu bayan manyan litattafan Palasdinu da [[Ghassan Kanafani]], Emile Habibi, da Jabra Ibrahim Jabra suka yibarci a cikin wannan hali mai zurfin ɗan adam; kuma tabada yarda da irin wannan hali bata yarda ba ta yardawar Palasdinuwar .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hafez |first=Sabry |title=Before the Queen Falls Asleep |url=http://nooralmsbah.0wn0.com/t5031-topic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042301/http://nooralmsbah.0wn0.com/t5031-topic |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |language=ar}}</ref> Wannan labari, wanda ke magana game da rikice-rikicen Palasdinawa, shine "littafin Palasdinawa mafi ƙarfin zuciya da wata mace ta rubuta wanda ta kalubalanta da gaskiya, da taurin kaida kai tsaye ta bayyana abin da matar ke haifar dashi a lokacin wahalar ƙaura, " a cewar jaridar Falasdinu, Assafir . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Before the Queen Falls Asleep |url=http://palestine.assafir.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2345 |access-date= |website=Assafir |language=ar |archive-date=2016-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804030752/http://palestine.assafir.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2345 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Littafin ya kasance daga cikin jerin "Littattafan Shekara ta 2012" na [[The Guardian]], kamar yadda Ahdaf Soueif ya zaba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2012 |title=Books of the year 2012: authors choose their favourites |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/nov/23/books-of-the-year-2012-authors-favourites |access-date=2015-11-05 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> Mai sukar Mohammed Baradah, a cikin wata kasida a cikin jaridar Al Hayat, ya yaba da Habayeb ta "kyakkyawan, fasahar da harshe mai yawa; iyawar bayyanawa; da kuma ban dariya".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baradah |first=Mohammed |date= |title=Al Hayat on Before the Queen Falls Asleep |url=http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/2011/7/8/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%BE-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86.html |access-date= |website= |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193803/http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/2011/7/8/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%BE-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waleed Abu Bakr ya bayyana shi a matsayin wani labari na "mahaifiyar da ta wuce gona da iri. " Ya kammala cewa "marubucin yana da ra'ayin asarar - wanda ke mamaye yanayin wannan littafin - kuma tana wakiltar dalilin tsammanin a ciki; don haka tana kusantar abinda take nema tunda daɗewa; kuma tayi ƙoƙari ta rubuta game da rayuwa yayin da tayi ƙoƙari don rayuwa; kuma a lokuta biyu ta cancanci girmamawa" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Waleed Abu Bakr |date= |title=Abu Bakr on Before the Queen Falls Asleep |url=http://alghad.com/articles/635485-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B8%D9%84-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7 |access-date= |website=Al Ghad |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waleed Abu Bakr |date= |title=Abu Bakr on Before the Queen Falls Asleep |url=http://www.addustour.com/16198/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF%20%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%20%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%20:%20%C2%AB%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%20%D8%A3%D9%86%20%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9%C2%BB%20%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B6%D8%A9.html_1 |access-date= |website=Addustour |publisher= }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin "''Kafin Sarauniya ta yi Barci''" (قَبْلَ أنْ تَنامَ المَلِكَة,) a cewar jaridar Al Ghad, "Habayeb tazana shafuka masu ƙaya da damuwa waɗanda ke cike da ciwo da damuwa game da manufar asarar ga mace wacce ke ƙoƙarin yin tambaya game da ƙauna, kusantar rayuwa a cikin mafi ƙarancin matakin mutum da cin nasara gaba ɗaya, ta bayyana ma'anar da ita ba ta kwatancin wanzuwar kanta, kuma yana rokon gida; a matsayin yiwuwar mahaifiyarta ta hanyar gayawa kowace mace wannan labarin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Before the Queen Falls Asleep |url=http://www.alghad.com/articles/638477-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85?search=%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8 |access-date= |website=Al Ghad |publisher=}}</ref> Wadannan sune fassarar Turanci na wani sashi da aka karɓa daga "''Kafin Sarauniya ta yi Barci''" (قَبْلَ أنْ تَنامَ المَلِكَة): {{Quote box|quote=And when we're caught by the night, and the sorrows betake themselves to their bedchambers, you come to me barefoot with half of your hair falling down your face; giving off the aromas of fresh perspiration from your reckless daydreams, the remnants of the chocolate you're masticating in your mouth without a considerable sense of guiltiness over betraying your fragile diet, and the bread that has been toasted to the limit of burning and whose crumbs bombard the blouse of your pajamas. You tuck yourself in bed beside me. You sniff my naked arm, saying you love the smell of my flesh; and that you're seeking it or something that resembles it in your faraway city, but you don't find it. You plunge your nose in my neck, saying to me: 'Tell me your story!'|author=Huzama Habayeb|source=''Before the Queen Falls Asleep''|quoted=1|align=center}} A watan Janairun shekara ta 2016, kuma ta hanyar '''AIRP''', Huzama Habayeb ta sami littafinta na uku da aka buga. Littafin, wanda ake kira "Velvet" (مُخْمَل), ya nuna yanayin sansanonin Palasdinawa ba tareda neman gafara ba, mai zurfi, mai gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Habayeb's third novel "Velvet" |url=http://www.addustour.com/17816/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9+%C2%AB%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%C2%BB.html |access-date= |website=Addustour }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yana nuna sansanin Palasdinawa a cikin siffarsa kuma yana fallasa gaskiyar da ba ataɓa bayyanawa ba, ba tareda wani kayan ado ko rufewa da abin daya fi dacewa da Palasdinawa. Yana magance matsalolin "al'umma, tattalin arziki, harma da al'adu" da damuwa ba tare da ka'idojin ɗabi'a ba, guje wa manufofi masu banƙyama da ka'idodin da aka saba amfani da su.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=About "Velvet" in Al-Ghad Newspaper |url=http://alghad.com/articles/912852-%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8?s=7442a06abea53d156629a08b99a85c25 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Naguib Mahfouz ta 2017 don wallafe-wallafen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammed Saad |date=December 11, 2017 |title=Palestinian writer Huzama Habayeb wins 2017 Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/18/285186/Books/Palestinian-writer-Huzama-Habayeb-wins--Naguib-Mah.aspx |access-date=December 12, 2017 |website=Ahram}}</ref> "Velvet" (مُخْمَل) tana nuna wani abu mai ban mamaki na mace ta gaskiya, ta hanyar babban hali wanda sunansa shine "Hawwa" (daidai da "Haw" acikin harshen Ingilishi,) kamar yadda Habayeb ke amfani da wannan mutum mai ban sha'awa don rufe rayuwa a cikin sansanonin Palasdinawa; yana nuna nau'o'i daban-daban, jin dadi, da ji. Labari ne na wata mace mai ban mamaki wacce ke gwagwarmaya don tsira da ƙauna, tana farfado da kanta aduk lokacin data rushe, kuma tana cika burinta ta hanyar juriya duk da al'ummartada batada tausayi da ke murkushe ta. Wannan labari wuri ne inda soyayya, ƙyamar, ƙetare da runguma suka haɗu; haɓaka wani yanayi na mummunar gaskiyar ta hanyar labari mai ban sha'awa wanda ke nuna lokutan da ke ban sha'a da ban tsoro da kuma ainihin mutane, na nama da jini, tare da jiye-jiye na idiosyncratic Habayeb ba tare da jinkiri baya bayyana.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Habayeb's "Velvet" |url=http://www.eremnews.com/entertainment/culture/408928 |access-date= |website= |publisher= |language=ar |archive-date=2016-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106081726/http://www.eremnews.com/entertainment/culture/408928 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-01-04 |title=Habayeb's third novel "Velvet" |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/?id=214745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054941/http://www.middle-east-online.com/?id=214745 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |website=Middle East Online |language=ar}}</ref> Wadannan sune fassarar Turanci na wani sashi da aka karɓa daga "''Velvet''" (مُخْمَل):   === Ba tatsuniyoyi ba === A duk rayuwarta, Habayeb ta rubuta wa jaridu da mujallu da yawa na yau da kullun da na lokaci-lokaci kamar su ''Al Ra'i'', Ad-Dustour, [[Doha]] Magazine, Al-Qafilah Magazine, da [[:ar:مجلة دبي الثقافية|Dubai Al-Thakafiya]], mujallar kowane wata inda take da nata shafi a halin yanzu. Habayeb ta yi magana game da batutuwa da yawa a cikin abubuwan da bana almara ba - siyasa, adabi, batutuwan zamantakewa, fasaha, [[ilimin ɗan adam]] da abubuwan da suka faru.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Habayeb's articles in Al-Rai |url=http://www.alrai.com/advanced_search?content_filters%5Btitle%5D%5Btext%5D=%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Addoustor Article |url=http://www.addustour.com/16506/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%20:%20%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA%20%C2%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%C2%BB%20%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9.html |access-date= |website= |publisher= |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062604/http://www.addustour.com/16506/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%20:%20%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA%20%C2%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%C2%BB%20%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Al-Qafilah Articles |url=http://qafilah.com/ar/writers/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Dubi Al-Thakafiya |url=http://dubai-althakafiya.com/?s=%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8&f=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323171939/http://dubai-althakafiya.com/?s=%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8&f=2 |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Jehat (Habayeb's article) |url=http://www.jehat.com/Jehaat/ar/SardYab3athAldef/8-09-095.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323224038/http://www.jehat.com/Jehaat/ar/SardYab3athAldef/8-09-095.htm |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref>   [[Fayil:Habayeb_in_Oslo_for_Viewing_Palestine_event.JPG|left|thumb|'''Huzama Habayeb''' a lokacin taron "Ganin Falasdinu" a Oslo.]] Duk da kasancewa marubucin Larabawa wanda aka rubuta dukkan tarihin da aka buga a Larabci, Habayeb ta sami nasarar bunkasa sunanta a duniya ta hanyar shiga cikin al'adu da yawa da suka faru a waje da Larabawa, da kuma fassara wasu sassanta zuwa Turanci. A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2011, Habayeb ta shiga cikin "Ganin Falasdinu;" wani al'adu, taron wallafe-wallafen game da wallafe-walaren Falasdinu da aka gudanar a [[Oslo]]. Taron ya hada da tarurruka na tattaunawa da karatu tare da marubutan Palasdinawa da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai Habayeb . <ref>{{Cite web |title=TrAP |url=http://www.trap.no/en/project/viewing-palestine-reading-sessions |access-date=2015-11-07 |website=TrAP |language=nb-NO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Palestinian Literature in Oslo |url=http://www.safsaf.org/word/2011/sep/61.htm |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Ta kuma shiga cikin wani taron al'adu wanda Jami'ar Hankuk ta Nazarin Kasashen Waje ta shirya a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, inda ta - tare da wasu marubuta biyu batada lacca game da nuna bambanci wanda Palasdinawa a cikin jihohin Larabawa ke ƙarƙashinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=HUFS Event |url=http://arabic.yonhapnews.co.kr/Diplomatic%20Pouch/2012/04/26/1100000000AAR20120426000700885.HTML |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin labarun Habayeb an fassara su cikin Turanci, wanda ya taimaka wa muryarta ta wallafe-wallafen ta kai ga yawancin masu karatu a duk duniya. Mujallar da ke Landan Banipal ta buga abubuwa da yawa da Habayeb ta fassara zuwa Turanci kamar gajeren labarin "Sweeter Night" (لَيلٌ أحلْى) daga tarin da sunan iri ɗaya, da kuma babi na goma sha biyu na littafin "''Kafin Sarauniya ta yi Barci''" (قَبْلَ أنْ تَامَنََََ).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banipal (UK) Magazine of Modern Arab Literature - Selections - Banipal No 15 - Huzamah Habayeb |url=http://www.banipal.co.uk/selections/25/112/huzamah-habayeb/ |access-date=2015-11-07 |website=www.banipal.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Banipal (UK) Magazine of Modern Arab Literature - Selections - Banipal No 44 - Huda al-Jahouri |url=http://www.banipal.co.uk/selections/82/257/huzamah-habayeb/ |access-date=2015-11-07 |website=www.banipal.co.uk}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa a cikin "''Qissat''," wani tarihin gajerun labaru da mata marubutana Palasdinawa suka rubuta wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2006. Labarin Habayeb shine "Thread Snaps" (خَيْطٌ يَنْقَطِع) daga tarin gajerun labarai na huɗu, "Sweeter Night" (لَيْلٌ أحْلَى).<ref>{{Cite web |title=the short review: Qissat: Short Stories by Palestinian Women |url=http://www.theshortreview.com/reviews/Qissat.htm |access-date=2015-11-07 |website=www.theshortreview.com }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2006 |title=the tanjara: palestinian women writers launch 'qissat' in London |url=http://thetanjara.blogspot.ae/2006/09/palestinian-women-writers-launch.html |access-date=2015-11-07 |website=thetanjara.blogspot.ae}}</ref> == Tasirin siyasa == A kusan kowane aikin Huzama Habayeb, ko littafi ne ko ɗan gajeren labari, akwai cikakkiyar bin asalinsa na Palasdinawa; kuma wannan yana bayyane a cikin litattafansa biyu na farko da kuma kisan labaran daga tarin ta huɗu.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Critical article on "Sweeter Night" collection |url=http://almadapaper.net/sub/11-252/10.pdf |access-date= |website= |publisher= |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025446/http://almadapaper.net/sub/11-252/10.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma nuna cewa ta hanyar fassarorin ta, yayin da take zabar littattafan da abubuwan da keciki ke nuna rikicin Palasdinawa da manufofi marasa adalci da [[Isra'ila]] ke yi da kuma shafar Palasdinawa, kamar The Wandering Who? ta Gilad Atzmon, wanda ta fassara zuwa Larabci kuma an buga shi a wannan nau'in a watan Yunin shekara ta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Habayeb translates "The Wandering Who?" |url=http://alghad.com/articles/584790-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title="The Wandering Who?" Al-Akhbar newspaper |url=http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/192570 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title="The Wandering Who?" Assafir |url=http://palestine.assafir.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2530 |access-date= |website= |publisher= |archive-date=2016-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921011528/http://palestine.assafir.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2530 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babban abin da Habayeb tafi shahara dangane da kalubalantar addinin Zionism, duk da haka, kamfen ne da ta kaddamar dashi game da buga wani tarihin gajerun labaru daga mata na Gabas ta Tsakiya saboda hada labarun marubutan Isra'ila. Habayeb da farko ta amince da ba da gudummawa ga tarihin, amma ta janye ta bayan ta san cewa an haɗa gudummawar marubutan Isra'ila biyu a cikin tarihin; sannan ta tuntubi duk sauran marubutan Larabawa kuma ta shawo kansu su bi jagorancinta. Kamfen ɗin ya ci nasara, yayin da yawancin marubutan suka janye rubuce-rubucen su, wanda ya tilasta Jami'ar [[Texas]] a Austin - ma'aikatar da ke karɓar aikin - don soke tarihin. Habayeb ta tabbatar da ayyukanta a cikin wani edita da aka buga a cikin Gulf News a ranar 25 ga Mayu, shekara ta 2012, tana cewa "Bazan iya yarda ba, ta hanyar ɗabi'a da ɗabi'aa, cewa za a raba muryata daidai da marubutan da ke nuna muryar mai cin zarafi. "<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=My 'no' says more and matters more |url=http://gulfnews.com/opinion/thinkers/my-no-says-more-and-matters-more-1.1027463 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arab Author Cancels Book on Women's Voices Due to Israeli Involvement |url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/05/31/arab-author-cancels-book-on-womens-voices-due-to-israeli-involvement/ |access-date=2015-11-05 |website=Algemeiner.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Palestinian author in UAE stops US book project |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/palestine/palestinian-author-in-uae-stops-us-book-project-1.1027666 |access-date=2015-11-05 |website=gulfnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement on the Cancellation of "Memory of a Promise: Short Stories by Middle Eastern Women," in Honor of Elizabeth Fernea – Campus Watch |url=http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/12423 |access-date=2015-11-05 |website=www.campus-watch.org |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128204434/http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/12423 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UT Austin Cancels Anthology When Palestinian Author Demands Censorship of Jewish Author – Campus Watch |url=http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/12449 |access-date=2015-11-05 |website=www.campus-watch.org |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128204412/http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/12449 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title="My 'no' says more" Arabic translation |url=http://www.addustour.com/16506/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%20:%20%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA%20%C2%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%C2%BB%20%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9.html#.T87_vo4VufR |access-date= |website= |publisher= |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062604/http://www.addustour.com/16506/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%20%3A%20%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AA%20%C2%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%C2%BB%20%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9.html#.T87_vo4VufR |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2012 |title='Memory of a Promise' Anthology Reportedly Cancelled After Boycott |url=http://arablit.org/2012/05/26/memory-of-a-promise-anthology-reportedly-cancelled-after-boycott/ |access-date=2015-11-05 |website=Arabic Literature (in English)}}</ref> Matsayin Habayeb, kokarin daba a daina ba, da kuma jaruntaka mutane da yawa a duniyar Larabawa sun yaba da su; kuma ta sami goyon baya da yabo da yawa daga kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban na Larabci.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=News about the campaign |url=http://www.almustaqbal.com/v4/Article.aspx?Type=np&Articleid=525312 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151108121631/http://www.almustaqbal.com/v4/Article.aspx?Type=np&Articleid=525312 |archive-date=2015-11-08 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=A Thank You note to Habayeb |url=http://www.addustour.com/16487/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305003445/http://www.addustour.com/16487/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8.html |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=About the cancelled anthology |url=http://www.alwatan.com.sa/Local/News_Detail.aspx?ArticleID=102627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031208/http://www.alwatan.com.sa/Local/News_Detail.aspx?ArticleID=102627 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Appreciation for Habayeb's stance |url=https://addustour.com/16513/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B6+%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305190126/https://addustour.com/16513/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B6+%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3.html |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == Wadannan sune jerin dukkan ayyukan Habayeb da aka buga; kuma duk an rubuta su da Larabci: * "Mutumin da ke maimaitawa" (الرَّجُل الذي يَتَكرَّر) Tarin gajeren labari da aka buga a shekara ta 1992 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Buga. * "The Faraway Apples" (التُفَّاحات البَعِيدَة) Tarin gajeren labari da aka buga a shekara ta 1994 ta Al-Karmel Publishing House. * "A Form of Absence" (شَكْلٌِما) Tarin gajeren labari da aka buga a shekara ta 1997 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa. * "Sweeter Night" (لَيْلٌ أحْلَى) Tarin gajeren labari da aka buga a shekara ta 2002 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa. * "The Origin of Love (أصْلُ الهَوَى) Wani littafi da aka buga a shekara ta2007 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa. * "Begging" (اسْتِجْداء) Tarin shayari da aka buga a shekara ta 2009 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa. * "Daga Bayan Windows" (مِنْ وَراء النَّوافِذ) Tarihin gajerun labaru da Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Palasdinawa ta buga a shekara ta 2010. * "Kafin Sarauniya ta yi barci" (قَبْلَ أن تَنامَ المَلِكَة) Wani littafi da Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa ta buga a shekara ta 2011. * "Velvet" (مُخْمَل) Wani littafi da aka buga a cikin shekara ta 2016 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Larabawa da Bugawa.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2023}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|3}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 868kqdef9djwiws8vyxuk11bkfv9jae 0 80613 889036 691718 2026-07-29T15:50:59Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jordan Nassar''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1985) ɗan Amurka ne mai zane na gani na zamani. Da farko yana aiki da kayan masaku, musamman wajen ƙirƙirar ayyukan da suka dogara da kayan ado na gargajiya na Falasdinu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Big Question: Jordan Nassar |url=https://art21.org/read/big-question-jordan-nassar/ |access-date= |website=Art21 |language=en}}</ref> Nassar kuma ya ƙirƙiri littafan zane-zane da zines masu kamar buga kansu. Yana zaune a birnin [[New York]]. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nassar a cikin shekara ta 1985 a Upper West Side na Manhattan, anan kuma ya girma. Shi ɗan uwa ne ɗan Poland kuma na wani likitan [[Falasdinawa|Bafalasdine]] haifaffen Amurka wanda ke aikin jin kai a Falasdinu. Kakansa na mahaifinsa, dan ƙasar Jordan-Palestine, ya zo Amurka yana matashi. <ref name="Paper" /> == Sana'a == Nassar ya kafa aikinsa a kan ''tatreez'' (Palestine cross-stitch embroidery ) wanda yawanci ana ƙirƙira shi a cikin zane da aka dinka tare cikin tufafi ko wasu abubuwa. Nassar yawanci yana ƙirƙira kuma yana tsara ƙananan ɓangarori, da yawa a kusa da inci 8 x 10. Alamar faifan suna nuna iyakoki na geometric kuma suna nuna tsire-tsire da furanni, kodayake launukan zaren da Nassar ke amfani da su sau da yawa ba su dace da waɗannan sifofin ba, amma ga shimfidar ƙasa. Aikin Nassar yana kwatanta abubuwan al'adu na renon sa a Upper West Side, wanda ya kwatanta da kayan ado na gargajiya na Falasdinu, inda kowane ƙauye ke amfani da alamomi daban-daban. Wasu ƙira kuma suna nuna abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da fasaha, irin su kwamfutoci, waɗanda Nassar ke haɗawa da ƙwanƙwasa azaman nau'in farko na pixelation . Aikin farko na Nassar ya haɗa da kwafin ƙirar ƙira daga littattafai. Da ya sami labarin cewa kowane ƙauyen Falasɗinawa yana da nasa tsarin, sai ya fara ƙirƙirar nasa tsarin da ya yi kama da na Falasɗinawa amma babu shi a cikin ayyukan gargajiya. Kowane aiki ya ƙunshi har zuwa 75,000 ɗaki ɗaya. Nassar ya samo nasara daga masu fasaha da yawa, waɗanda yawancinsu ke aiki a cikin kayan yadi, irin su Sheila Hicks, Hannah Ryggen, da Anni Albers ; masu zane-zane ciki har da Paul Guiragossian da Helen Frankenthaler ; da masu fasaha da ke aiki tare da madadin kafofin watsa labaru, kamar Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian . Yana ganin aikinsa yana ci gaba da tattaunawa da zane-zanen su. Yana la'akari da ƙoƙarin su game da tsari, rubutu, da launi, kodayake Nassar yana ƙoƙarin magance ra'ayoyi da batutuwa fiye da matsakaicin kanta. Nassar musamman yana kallon Etel Adnan, mawaƙin Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙasar Lebanon, marubuci, kuma mai zane na gani. <ref name="Out" /> Tun lokacin baje kolin na Nassar na farko na solo, a London a cikin shekara ta 2015, ya juya don ƙirƙirar ƙarin ayyukan siyasa, gami da mai da hankali kan shayewar al'adu, ko ɗaukar abubuwan al'ada ɗaya da wani. Nassar ya gudanar da nunin solo na [[Los Angeles]] a Anat Ebgi gallery's AE2 sarari a cikin 2017. Anat Ebgi ya gabatar da aikin Nassar a shekarar 2018 Frieze New York, wani zane-zane a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]]. Baya ga kayan ado na Nassar, ya kuma sami muƙamai na gudanarwa a kantin sayar da littattafan fasaha na New York City Printed Matter, Inc., yana gudanar da NY Art Book Fair da zane-zane na Art Los Angeles Contemporary. === Mawaƙin zama === Nassar ya fara faɗaɗa amfani da alamomin gargajiya a cikin aikinsa a kan ciyar da lokaci mai mahimmanci a tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Jaffa]], inda ya zauna na tsawon mako biyar na zane-zane a cikin shekarar 2017. Abokan Larabawa da Isra'ila, da kuma mijin Nassar sun ba da shawara game da zama, saboda amincewa da kungiyar ta samar da kudade daga magoya bayan haramtacciyar matsugunan Yahudawa a Falasdinu. Nassar ya yanke shawarar cewa kauracewa shirin ba zai yi tasiri ba, kuma ya ji dadin yadda gidan yanar gizon mazaunin ya kunshi ta hanyar harsunan Larabci, [[Ibrananci]], da Ingilishi. Wurin zama ya haɗa da ɗaki, ɗakin studio, tallafi, da kuma biyan kuɗin samarwa. Nassar ya yi amfani da kudaden ne wajen ziyartar gabar yammacin kogin Jordan, inda ya sayi kayan adon da tsofaffin mata suka yi. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Jordan Nassar ta auri ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila mai fasaha, Amir Guberstein. Su biyun sun haɗu yayin da suke zaune a [[Berlin]], kuma shawarar da suka yanke na zama a New York ya samo asali ne daga hukuncin da aka yanke a ''United States v. Windsor'' (2013), Kotun Koli da ta soke Dokar Kare Au<nowiki/>re <ref name="Paper" /><ref name="Out" /> Nassar yana zaune kuma yana aiki a birnin New York. == nune-nunen == Nuni na Solo: * "Fantasy Da Gaskiya", ICA / Cibiyar Fasaha ta Boston (2022) * "Don Haskaka Sama", James Cohan Gallery, Birnin New York (2022) * "Rana Mai Zuwa", Anat Ebgi Gallery, Los Angeles (2022) * "Na Yanke Sama Biyu", James Cohan Gallery, Birnin New York (2020) * "Mu ne za mu je Dutsen", Anat Ebgi Gallery, Los Angeles (2020) * "Dare", ADAA: Nunin Fasaha tare da James Cohan Gallery, Birnin New York (2020) * "Tekun Ƙarƙashin Idanuwanmu", Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani, Tel Aviv (2019) * "Tsakanin Sky Da Duniya", Princeton Art Museum, [[New Jersey]] (2019) * "Don Idanunku", Layi Na Uku, Dubai (2019) * "Ruhohi masu tawaye", Frieze Art Fair (New York) tare da Anat Ebgi Gallery (2018) * "Dunya", Anat Ebgi, Los Angeles (2017) * "Jaffa: Sabbin Ayyuka", Artport Tel Aviv (2017) * "Babu Asiri tare da Mika Horibuchi", LVL3 Gallery, Chicago (2016) * "Da dare", Evelyn Yard, London (2015) An haɗa shi a cikin nune-nunen rukuni a Whitney Museum of American Art, Katonah Museum of Art, Laband Art Gallery a Loyola Marymount University, Abrons Art Center, da Supportico Lopez a Berlin. == Duba kuma == * Yin suturar Musulunci * Sana'ar hannun Falasdinawa * Falasdinawa Amurkawa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.jordannassar.com/ Yanar Gizo na sirri] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 37b2l66biyd4xp52uzcke89rhbsslwn 0 81226 889235 727161 2026-07-30T04:39:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Osasu Edobor''' (wanda aka fi sani da Osasu Paul-Azino) 'yar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ce mai bayar da shawarar [[Asalin jinsi|jinsi]] kuma wacce ta kafa Media Help Restore (THR) Media da Safe Space Initiative. <ref name="Sherifat">{{Cite web |last=Sherifat |first=Lawal |date=2020-06-30 |title=Govt needs to domesticate laws surrounding child abuse, sexual violence — Osasumwen Edobor |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/govt-needs-to-domesticate-laws-surrounding-child-abuse-sexual-violence-osasumwen-edobor/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Osasu Edobor - Women of Rubies |url=https://womenofrubies.com/tag/osasu-edobor/,%20https://womenofrubies.com/tag/osasu-edobor/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta kasance mai lasisin mai ba da taimako na farko kan lafiyar kwakwalwa, mai horar da takwarorinsu, kuma [[wiktionary:counselor|mai ba da shawara]]. <ref name="Sherifat" /> A matsayin mai fafutuka don haɗa jinsi, Osasu ta ƙirƙiri app ɗin HERFessions, wanda ke ba da tallafi ga waɗanda suka tsira daga lalata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=huskeyj |date=2019-04-01 |title=YALI Voices: Harnessing Technology to Combat Sexual Gender-Based Violence |url=https://yali.state.gov/yali-voices-harnessing-technology-to-combat-sexual-gender-based-violence/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Young African Leaders Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce a shekarar 2018 Mandela Washington Fellow alumna kuma memba ce ta Shugabancin Matasan Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=YALI Voices: Harnessing Technology to Combat Sexual Gender-Based Violence |url=https://www.mandelawashingtonfellowship.org/program-impact-stories/yali-voices-harnessing-technology-to-combat-sexual-gender-based-violence/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Mandela Washington Fellowship |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428220903/https://www.mandelawashingtonfellowship.org/program-impact-stories/yali-voices-harnessing-technology-to-combat-sexual-gender-based-violence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == Osasu ta kammala digirin farko a [[Kimiyya|fannin Chemistry]] a [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami’ar Jihar Legas]] a shekarar 2008 da takardar shaidar a Social Sector Management daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Legas, [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami’ar Pan-Atlantic]] a shekarar 2016. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Edobor |first=Osasumwen |date=5 December 2022 |title=Osasumwen Edobor: Gender and Development Consultant, Social Entrepreneur and Nonprofit Professional. |url=https://www.linkedin.com/ |access-date=5 December 2022 |website=LinkedIn.com}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta wuce [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halin ɗan Adam. A matsayinta na Masaniyar Fellowship na Mandela Washington, ta sami takardar shedar Jagorancin Jama'a daga Jami'ar Rutgers, New Brunswick a cikin shekarar 2018. <ref name="Sherifat"/> == Sana'a == Ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktar Shirye-shirye a gidauniyar Fasto Bimbo Odukoya (PBOF), kungiya mai zaman kanta da ta himmatu wajen tallafawa da horar da mata da matasa a yankunan da ba su da galihu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anafricandiva |date=2016-10-19 |title=10 Questions for Osasu Paul-Azino, Coordinator, Pastor Bimbo Odukoya Foundation |url=https://anafricandiva.wordpress.com/2016/10/19/10-questions-for-osasu-paul-azino-coordinator-pastor-bimbo-odukoya-foundation/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=anafricandiva |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Finding hope in a shelter {{!}} This is Africa |url=https://thisisafrica.me/politics-and-society/finding-hope-shelter-2/ |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=thisisafrica.me}}</ref> A matsayinta na shugabar shirin, ta kaddamar da shirin SHARP4U, wani kamfen na wayar da kan jama’a game da cin zarafi da kuma ba da shawara ga waɗanda aka yi wa fyaɗe. A manyan makarantu a [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-10 |title=‘One in five female students experiences rape’ |url=https://punchng.com/one-in-five-female-students-experiences-rape/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Osasu ce ta jagoranci bugu na 2016 na shirin tallafawa 'yan mata na PBOF, wanda aka gudanar don tunawa da ranar yara mata ta duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-29 |title=Empowering girl child for digital age |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/empowering-girl-child-for-digital-age/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207042504/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/empowering-girl-child-for-digital-age/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu, ita ce ta kafa kuma darektar shirye-shirye a THR Media, wani kamfani na zamantakewa wanda ke amfani da sababbin [[fasaha]] da kafofin watsa labaru don taimakawa mata da 'yan mata su guje wa cin zarafi da jima'i, ciki har da tashin hankali na gida, [[Fasa ƙwauri ba bisa ƙa'ida ba|fataucin]], da sauran nau'o'in cin zarafi. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=THR Media – Curating social impact stories |url=https://thrmedia.org/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Osasu ta ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na HERFessions a cikin shekarar 2018. <ref name="Elites">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-29 |title=Osasu Edobor's HERfessions Mobile App is Helping Women Flee Abusive Relationships Easily |url=https://www.theelitesng.com/osasu-edobors-herfessions-mobile-app-is-helping-women-flee-abusive-relationships-easily/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=The Elites Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Aikace-aikacen wani dandali ne da ba a san sunansa ba wanda aka ƙera don taimakawa waɗanda abin ya shafa da waɗanda suka tsira daga cin zarafin jima'i da jinsi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=huskeyj |date=2019-04-01 |title=YALI Voices: Harnessing Technology to Combat Sexual Gender-Based Violence |url=https://yali.state.gov/yali-voices-harnessing-technology-to-combat-sexual-gender-based-violence/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=Young African Leaders Initiative |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Elites" /> Dandalin ya ƙunshi ɗakin tattaunawa ta kan layi wanda ke ba wa waɗanda suka tsira damar yin hulɗa da juna tare da tuntuɓar masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, [[Lauya|lauyoyi]], da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki waɗanda ke sha'awar ilmantarwa, tallafawa da ba da shawara ga waɗanda rikicin ya shafa. Hakanan, app ɗin yana da maɓallin fasalin don ba da rahoton cin zarafi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherifat |first=Lawal |date=2020-06-30 |title=Govt needs to domesticate laws surrounding child abuse, sexual violence — Osasumwen Edobor |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/govt-needs-to-domesticate-laws-surrounding-child-abuse-sexual-violence-osasumwen-edobor/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta shirya abubuwan da suka faru na kwata-kwata da nufin tallafawa waɗanda aka yi wa fyaɗe da cin zarafi na jinsi ta hanyar Safe Space Initiative. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-08 |title=Safe Space Initiative gives hope to SGBV victims |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/safe-space-initiative-gives-hope-to-sgbv-victims/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206050035/https://editor.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/safe-space-initiative-gives-hope-to-sgbv-victims/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Osasu Edobor - Women of Rubies |url=https://womenofrubies.com/tag/osasu-edobor/,%20https://womenofrubies.com/tag/osasu-edobor/ |access-date=2022-12-06 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka kuma mai fafutukar ganin jinsi, ta shiga haɗakar kungiyoyin masu fafutukar ganin an gudanar da bincike kan zargin fyaɗe da yin adalci ga waɗanda aka yi wa fyaɗe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-30 |title=COZA Rape Allegations: Activists Demand Pastor Step Down » HealthStylePlus |url=https://healthstyle.plus/coza-rape-allegations-activists-demand-pastor-step-down/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=HealthStylePlus |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borisade |first=Mr Abiodun |date=2019-06-30 |title=Petition to Protest COZA Trustees to Take Action Regarding Multiple Allegations of Sexual Misconduct Against Pst Biodun Fatoyinb |url=https://abiodunborisade.com/petition-to-protest-coza-trustees-to-take-action-regarding-multiple-allegations-of-sexual-misconduct-against-pst-biodun-fatoyinb/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=Abiodun Borisade |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyauta == * 2018 Mandela Fellow, Jagorancin Jama'a <ref name=":0"/> * 2022, Nasara na HILL Accelerator <ref>{{Cite web |last=DemoDay |first=Innovating Justice Challenge |date=8 December 2022 |title=Innovation dedicated to using new media and technology solutions. |url=https://www.linkedin.com/ |access-date=8 December 2022 |website=LinkedIn}}</ref> == Manazarta == 1yhchz2f4c6nf15datv71ildeh4dz6p 0 82500 889125 863553 2026-07-29T19:17:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:NC Courage vs Portland Thorns (Apr 2024) 037 (Payne).jpg|thumb|Nicole Payne]] [[Fayil:NC Courage vs Portland Thorns (Apr 2024) 036.jpg|thumb|Nicole Payne a gefen dama]]   {{Databox}} '''Nicole Oyeyemisi Payne''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2001) ƙwararriyar 'ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] a kungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Ƙaya ta Portland Thorns, a matsayin aro daga kungiyar Première Ligue ta Paris Saint-Germain . An haife ta a Amurka, tana wakiltar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Najeriya]] a matakin kasa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Payne kuma ta girma a [[Alabama]]" id="mwIw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="[[Birmingham]], Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama, ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Oak Mountain a can. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Payne ta halarci Jami'ar [[West Virginia]] a Morgantown, West Virginia na tsawon shekaru uku (3), ta koma Jami'ar Kudancin California a shekara ta huɗu da ta ƙarshe. == Ayyukan kulob din == Payne ya sanya hannu tare da Paris Saint-Germain na Division 1 Féminine na Faransa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2023 |title=Nicole Payne joins Paris Saint-Germain |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-signs-for-paris-saint-germain-until-2026 |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Paris Saint-Germain }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Farkon bayyananta (na hudu har zuwa yau ) ga PSG ta zo ne a matsayin mai maye gurbin a cikin nasarar 5-2 a kan Dijon FCO a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba shekara ta 2023, tare da farawar ta na farko a ranar 20 ga Janairun shekara ta 2024 a cikin nasarar 8-1 a kan FC Girondins na Bordeaux.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2024 |title=Nicole Payne loaned out to Portland Thorns FC |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-loaned-out-by-paris-saint-germain-to-portland-thorns-fc-2023-2024 |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Paris Saint-Germain |archive-date=18 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118132821/https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-loaned-out-by-paris-saint-germain-to-portland-thorns-fc-2023-2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Nicole Payne Excited To Make Division One Féminine Debut With PSG |url=https://superfalconsshow.com/nicole-payne-excited-to-make-division-one-feminine-debut-with-psg/ |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Super Falcons Show |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Portland">{{Cite web |last=Portland Thorns FC |date=18 February 2024 |title=Thorns FC acquire defender Nicole Payne on loan from Paris Saint-Germain |url=https://www.timbers.com/thornsfc/news/thorns-fc-acquire-defender-nicole-payne-on-loan-from-paris-saint-germain |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=Portland Thorns FC |language=}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024 an ba da ita ga Portland Thorns na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa don kakar 2024. <ref name="Portland"/> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An kira Payne zuwa tawagar kasa da shekaru 17 ta Amurka a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U-17 WNT to Face England Twice in Portland, Oregon - U.S. Soccer |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/08/15/22/17/20170815-news-u17wnt-to-face-england-u17-wnt-twice-in-portland-oregon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018184251/http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/08/15/22/17/20170815-news-u17wnt-to-face-england-u17-wnt-twice-in-portland-oregon |archive-date=18 October 2017}}</ref> Payne ta fara buga wa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2021 a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 90 a cikin rashin nasara 0-1 a wasan sada zumunci da Jamaica.<ref name="GSA-Debut">{{Cite web |title=Match Report of Jamaica vs Nigeria – 2021-06-10 – FIFA Friendlies – Women |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2021-06-10/jamaica-vs-nigeria/2375811/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=Global Sports Archive}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haife ta ne a Birmingham, Alabama, ga iyayen Najeriya, Payne ita ce ƙanwar ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Toni Payne]] da Stephen Payne. Ita da Yar'uwarta Toni sun yi wasa tare a cikin tawagar mata ta Najeriya.<ref name="GSA-Debut"/> == Daraja == '''Paris Saint-Germain''' * Kofin Faransa: 2023-24 <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2024 |title=LE PSG PUISSANCE 4 |url=https://www.fff.fr/article/12448-le-psg-puissance-4.html |access-date=4 May 2024 |language=fr |archive-date=18 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318025026/https://www.fff.fr/article/12448-le-psg-puissance-4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] 0yuu7afbq6l8hv04oog0qcckarz7shk 0 83739 888924 726156 2026-07-29T13:06:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 888924 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Duwatsun Hajar |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" |Dutsen Oman <ref name="Allen2016">{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Calvin H. Jr.|title=Oman: the Modernization of the Sultanate|publisher=[[Routledge]]|chapter=1: Land and People|pages=1–8|isbn=978-1-3172-9164-0|location=Abingdon, [[New York City|New York]]|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlmFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|date=2016-02-05}}</ref> Dutsen Rocky <ref name="USGSPP 1966">{{cite book|last=Geukens|first=F.|editor-last=Bowers|editor-first=S. D.|title=United States Geological Survey Professional Paper|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71g-AQAAMAAJ&q=jabal+ar+rays&pg=SL8-PA26|year=1966}}</ref> Dutsen Asabon<ref name="Abdallah_al 05-2017">{{cite book|editor1=Abdalla, Omar|editor2=Kacimov, Anvar|editor3=Chen, Mingjie|editor4=Al-Maktoumi, Ali|editor5=Al-Hosni, Talal|editor6=Clark, Ian|title=Water Resources in Arid Areas: The Way Forward|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|chapter=3: Scenarios Based Climate Projection for Oman's Water Resources|author1=Al-Yahyai, Sultan|author2=Charabi, Yassine|author3=Al-Sarmi, Said|author4=Al-Maskari, Juma|page=49|isbn=978-3-3195-1856-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yl3TDgAAQBAJ&q=hajar+mountains+rocky+mountains&pg=PA49|date=2017-05-09}}</ref><ref name="Angelakis_al 11-2016">{{cite book|editor1=Angelakis, Andreas N.|editor2=Chiotis, Eustathios|editor3=Eslamian, Saeid|editor4=Weingartner, Herbert|title=Underground Aqueducts Handbook|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|chapter=12: The Aqueducts of the Sultanate of Oman: Sustainable Water-Supplying Irrigating Oases Cities|author1=Megdiche-Kharrat, Fairouz|author2=Ragala, Rachid|author3=Moussa, Mohamed|page=206|isbn=978-1-4987-4831-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pioNDgAAQBAJ&q=hajar+mountains+rocky+mountains&pg=PA206|date=2016-11-25}}</ref><br /><br /><br /> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;" |[[File:Nakhal_Fort_1.jpg|272x272px]]<div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Hajar ta [[Hajar Mountains#Central Hajar|Tsakiya]] da Yamma ta tashi a bayan Nakhal Fort, [[Al Batinah South Governorate|Gwamnatin Al Batinah ta Kudu]], Oman</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Mafi Girma&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mafi girma | class="infobox-data" |[[Jebel Shams]], Oman&#x20; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Summit|Hawan sama]] | class="infobox-data" |3,009 m (9,872 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Sunayen |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunan asali | class="infobox-data nickname" |Jibāl al-Ḥajar (جِبَال أْحَر <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal"> (Arabic) </span>) &nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Yanayin ƙasa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:Oman_relief_location_map.jpg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in Oman|class=notpageimage|354x354px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Oman]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:32.673%;left:63.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nuna Oman</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:Middle_East_location_map.svg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in Middle East|class=notpageimage|272x272px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:55.139%;left:66.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Gabas ta Tsakiya</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in West and Central Asia|class=notpageimage|272x272px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Yamma da Tsakiyar Asiya]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:63.241%;left:61.985%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Yamma da Tsakiyar Asiya</span></div></div></div></div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data label" |[[Oman]] da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]]<span class="flagicon">[[Fayil:Flag_of_Oman.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin | class="infobox-data label" |Asiya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa|Yanayin kewayon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hajar_Mountains&params=23.3_N_57.1_E_type:mountain <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°N 57.1°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.3; 57.1</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hajar_Mountains&params=23.3_N_57.1_E_type:mountain <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°N 57.1°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">23.3; 57.1</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |} Dutsen Hajar (Larabci: جِبَال ٱلْحَجَر, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains ko Dutsen Duwatsu) ɗaya ne daga cikin tudu mafi tsayi a yankin Larabawa, wanda aka raba tsakanin arewacin Oman da gabacin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Hakanan ana kiranta da "Dutsen Oman", suna raba ƙananan filin bakin teku na Oman daga babban tudun hamada, kuma suna kwance 50-100 km (31-62 mi) daga ciki daga Tekun Oman. ''Al'' ({{Lang|ar|اَلْ}}) yana nufin "dutse", kuma ''Ḥajar'' ({{Lang|ar|حَجَر}}) yana nufin" dutse" ko "dutse". Don haka ana kiran ''al-Ḥajar'' ({{Lang|ar|اَلْحَجَر}}) "dutse" ko "dutse". == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Topographic, tectonic and geological location map of Al Hajar Mountains.svg|thumb|Taswirar taswirar tsaunukan Hajar tare da yankuna na tectonic da geological]] Duwatsun Hajar sun kai kilomita 700 (mil 430) ta hanyar [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] da Oman.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Searle |first=M. P. |last2=Cooper |first2=D. J. W. |date=1986 |title=Structure of the Hawasina Window culmination, central Oman Mountains |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=143–156 |doi=10.1017/S0263593300010798 |issn=1473-7116 |s2cid=130270339}}</ref> Suna kan kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Larabawa, suna zuwa daga Yankin Musandam zuwa gabar gabashin [[Oman]]. Yankin yana da kusan kilomita {{Convert|100|km|mi}} (62 a fadin, tare da Jabal Shams kasancewa mafi girma a {{Convert|3,009|m|ft}} a tsakiyar yankin tsaunuka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Breton |first=Jean-Paul |last2=Béchennec |first2=François |last3=Métour |first3=Joël Le |last4=Moen-Maurel |first4=Laure |last5=Razin |first5=Philippe |date=2004-04-01 |title=Eoalpine (Cretaceous) evolution of the Oman Tethyan continental margin: insights from a structural field study in Jabal Akhdar (Oman Mountains) |journal=GeoArabia |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=41–58 |bibcode=2004GeoAr...9...41B |doi=10.2113/geoarabia090241 |issn=1025-6059 |s2cid=197865202 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kusky |first=Timothy |last2=Robinson |first2=Cordula |last3=El-Baz |first3=Farouk |date=September 2005 |title=Tertiary–Quaternary faulting and uplift in the northern Oman Hajar Mountains |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=162 |issue=5 |pages=871–888 |bibcode=2005JGSoc.162..871K |doi=10.1144/0016-764904-122 |issn=0016-7649 |s2cid=59467623}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} namnxguqzehygwt33vx1rh9dd7gru7f 888925 888924 2026-07-29T13:06:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 888925 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Duwatsun Hajar |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" |Dutsen Oman <ref name="Allen2016">{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Calvin H. Jr.|title=Oman: the Modernization of the Sultanate|publisher=[[Routledge]]|chapter=1: Land and People|pages=1–8|isbn=978-1-3172-9164-0|location=Abingdon, [[New York City|New York]]|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlmFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|date=2016-02-05}}</ref> Dutsen Rocky <ref name="USGSPP 1966">{{cite book|last=Geukens|first=F.|editor-last=Bowers|editor-first=S. D.|title=United States Geological Survey Professional Paper|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71g-AQAAMAAJ&q=jabal+ar+rays&pg=SL8-PA26|year=1966}}</ref> Dutsen Asabon<ref name="Abdallah_al 05-2017">{{cite book|editor1=Abdalla, Omar|editor2=Kacimov, Anvar|editor3=Chen, Mingjie|editor4=Al-Maktoumi, Ali|editor5=Al-Hosni, Talal|editor6=Clark, Ian|title=Water Resources in Arid Areas: The Way Forward|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|chapter=3: Scenarios Based Climate Projection for Oman's Water Resources|author1=Al-Yahyai, Sultan|author2=Charabi, Yassine|author3=Al-Sarmi, Said|author4=Al-Maskari, Juma|page=49|isbn=978-3-3195-1856-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yl3TDgAAQBAJ&q=hajar+mountains+rocky+mountains&pg=PA49|date=2017-05-09}}</ref><ref name="Angelakis_al 11-2016">{{cite book|editor1=Angelakis, Andreas N.|editor2=Chiotis, Eustathios|editor3=Eslamian, Saeid|editor4=Weingartner, Herbert|title=Underground Aqueducts Handbook|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|chapter=12: The Aqueducts of the Sultanate of Oman: Sustainable Water-Supplying Irrigating Oases Cities|author1=Megdiche-Kharrat, Fairouz|author2=Ragala, Rachid|author3=Moussa, Mohamed|page=206|isbn=978-1-4987-4831-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pioNDgAAQBAJ&q=hajar+mountains+rocky+mountains&pg=PA206|date=2016-11-25}}</ref><br /><br /><br /> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;" |[[File:Nakhal_Fort_1.jpg|272x272px]]<div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Hajar ta [[Hajar Mountains#Central Hajar|Tsakiya]] da Yamma ta tashi a bayan Nakhal Fort, [[Al Batinah South Governorate|Gwamnatin Al Batinah ta Kudu]], Oman</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Mafi Girma&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mafi girma | class="infobox-data" |[[Jebel Shams]], Oman&#x20; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Summit|Hawan sama]] | class="infobox-data" |3,009 m (9,872 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Sunayen |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunan asali | class="infobox-data nickname" |Jibāl al-Ḥajar (جِبَال أْحَر <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal"> (Arabic) </span>) &nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Yanayin ƙasa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:Oman_relief_location_map.jpg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in Oman|class=notpageimage|354x354px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Oman]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:32.673%;left:63.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nuna Oman</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:Middle_East_location_map.svg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in Middle East|class=notpageimage|272x272px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:55.139%;left:66.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Gabas ta Tsakiya</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in West and Central Asia|class=notpageimage|272x272px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Yamma da Tsakiyar Asiya]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:63.241%;left:61.985%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Yamma da Tsakiyar Asiya</span></div></div></div></div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data label" |[[Oman]] da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]]<span class="flagicon">[[Fayil:Flag_of_Oman.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin | class="infobox-data label" |Asiya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa|Yanayin kewayon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hajar_Mountains&params=23.3_N_57.1_E_type:mountain <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°N 57.1°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.3; 57.1</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hajar_Mountains&params=23.3_N_57.1_E_type:mountain <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°N 57.1°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">23.3; 57.1</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |} '''Dutsen Hajar''' (Larabci: جِبَال ٱلْحَجَر, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains ko Dutsen Duwatsu) ɗaya ne daga cikin tudu mafi tsayi a yankin Larabawa, wanda aka raba tsakanin arewacin Oman da gabacin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Hakanan ana kiranta da "Dutsen Oman", suna raba ƙananan filin bakin teku na Oman daga babban tudun hamada, kuma suna kwance 50-100 km (31-62 mi) daga ciki daga Tekun Oman. ''Al'' ({{Lang|ar|اَلْ}}) yana nufin "dutse", kuma ''Ḥajar'' ({{Lang|ar|حَجَر}}) yana nufin" dutse" ko "dutse". Don haka ana kiran ''al-Ḥajar'' ({{Lang|ar|اَلْحَجَر}}) "dutse" ko "dutse". == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Topographic, tectonic and geological location map of Al Hajar Mountains.svg|thumb|Taswirar taswirar tsaunukan Hajar tare da yankuna na tectonic da geological]] Duwatsun Hajar sun kai kilomita 700 (mil 430) ta hanyar [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] da Oman.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Searle |first=M. P. |last2=Cooper |first2=D. J. W. |date=1986 |title=Structure of the Hawasina Window culmination, central Oman Mountains |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=143–156 |doi=10.1017/S0263593300010798 |issn=1473-7116 |s2cid=130270339}}</ref> Suna kan kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Larabawa, suna zuwa daga Yankin Musandam zuwa gabar gabashin [[Oman]]. Yankin yana da kusan kilomita {{Convert|100|km|mi}} (62 a fadin, tare da Jabal Shams kasancewa mafi girma a {{Convert|3,009|m|ft}} a tsakiyar yankin tsaunuka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Breton |first=Jean-Paul |last2=Béchennec |first2=François |last3=Métour |first3=Joël Le |last4=Moen-Maurel |first4=Laure |last5=Razin |first5=Philippe |date=2004-04-01 |title=Eoalpine (Cretaceous) evolution of the Oman Tethyan continental margin: insights from a structural field study in Jabal Akhdar (Oman Mountains) |journal=GeoArabia |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=41–58 |bibcode=2004GeoAr...9...41B |doi=10.2113/geoarabia090241 |issn=1025-6059 |s2cid=197865202 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kusky |first=Timothy |last2=Robinson |first2=Cordula |last3=El-Baz |first3=Farouk |date=September 2005 |title=Tertiary–Quaternary faulting and uplift in the northern Oman Hajar Mountains |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=162 |issue=5 |pages=871–888 |bibcode=2005JGSoc.162..871K |doi=10.1144/0016-764904-122 |issn=0016-7649 |s2cid=59467623}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} l5bef8bdrc3lf8jph1nscxwqy9zyjy2 888926 888925 2026-07-29T13:07:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 888926 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Duwatsun Hajar |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" |Dutsen Oman <ref name="Allen2016">{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Calvin H. Jr.|title=Oman: the Modernization of the Sultanate|publisher=[[Routledge]]|chapter=1: Land and People|pages=1–8|isbn=978-1-3172-9164-0|location=Abingdon, [[New York City|New York]]|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlmFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|date=2016-02-05}}</ref> Dutsen Rocky <ref name="USGSPP 1966">{{cite book|last=Geukens|first=F.|editor-last=Bowers|editor-first=S. D.|title=United States Geological Survey Professional Paper|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71g-AQAAMAAJ&q=jabal+ar+rays&pg=SL8-PA26|year=1966}}</ref> Dutsen Asabon<ref name="Abdallah_al 05-2017">{{cite book|editor1=Abdalla, Omar|editor2=Kacimov, Anvar|editor3=Chen, Mingjie|editor4=Al-Maktoumi, Ali|editor5=Al-Hosni, Talal|editor6=Clark, Ian|title=Water Resources in Arid Areas: The Way Forward|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|chapter=3: Scenarios Based Climate Projection for Oman's Water Resources|author1=Al-Yahyai, Sultan|author2=Charabi, Yassine|author3=Al-Sarmi, Said|author4=Al-Maskari, Juma|page=49|isbn=978-3-3195-1856-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yl3TDgAAQBAJ&q=hajar+mountains+rocky+mountains&pg=PA49|date=2017-05-09}}</ref><ref name="Angelakis_al 11-2016">{{cite book|editor1=Angelakis, Andreas N.|editor2=Chiotis, Eustathios|editor3=Eslamian, Saeid|editor4=Weingartner, Herbert|title=Underground Aqueducts Handbook|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|chapter=12: The Aqueducts of the Sultanate of Oman: Sustainable Water-Supplying Irrigating Oases Cities|author1=Megdiche-Kharrat, Fairouz|author2=Ragala, Rachid|author3=Moussa, Mohamed|page=206|isbn=978-1-4987-4831-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pioNDgAAQBAJ&q=hajar+mountains+rocky+mountains&pg=PA206|date=2016-11-25}}</ref><br /><br /><br /> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;" |[[File:Nakhal_Fort_1.jpg|272x272px]]<div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Hajar ta [[Hajar Mountains#Central Hajar|Tsakiya]] da Yamma ta tashi a bayan Nakhal Fort, [[Al Batinah South Governorate|Gwamnatin Al Batinah ta Kudu]], Oman</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Mafi Girma&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mafi girma | class="infobox-data" |[[Jebel Shams]], Oman&#x20; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Summit|Hawan sama]] | class="infobox-data" |3,009 m (9,872 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Sunayen |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunan asali | class="infobox-data nickname" |Jibāl al-Ḥajar (جِبَال أْحَر <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal"> (Arabic) </span>) &nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Yanayin ƙasa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:Oman_relief_location_map.jpg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in Oman|class=notpageimage|354x354px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Oman]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:32.673%;left:63.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nuna Oman</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:Middle_East_location_map.svg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in Middle East|class=notpageimage|272x272px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:55.139%;left:66.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Gabas ta Tsakiya</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in West and Central Asia|class=notpageimage|272x272px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Yamma da Tsakiyar Asiya]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:63.241%;left:61.985%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Yamma da Tsakiyar Asiya</span></div></div></div></div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data label" |[[Oman]] da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]]<span class="flagicon">[[Fayil:Flag_of_Oman.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin | class="infobox-data label" |Asiya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa|Yanayin kewayon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hajar_Mountains&params=23.3_N_57.1_E_type:mountain <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°N 57.1°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.3; 57.1</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hajar_Mountains&params=23.3_N_57.1_E_type:mountain <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°N 57.1°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">23.3; 57.1</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |} '''Dutsen Hajar''' (Larabci: جِبَال ٱلْحَجَر, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains ko Dutsen Duwatsu) ya kasance ɗaya ne daga cikin tudu mafi tsayi a yankin Larabawa, wanda aka raba tsakanin arewacin Oman da gabacin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Hakanan ana kiranta da "Dutsen Oman", suna raba ƙananan filin bakin teku na Oman daga babban tudun hamada, kuma suna kwance 50-100 km (31-62 mi) daga ciki daga Tekun Oman. ''Al'' ({{Lang|ar|اَلْ}}) yana nufin "dutse", kuma ''Ḥajar'' ({{Lang|ar|حَجَر}}) yana nufin" dutse" ko "dutse". Don haka ana kiran ''al-Ḥajar'' ({{Lang|ar|اَلْحَجَر}}) "dutse" ko "dutse". == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Topographic, tectonic and geological location map of Al Hajar Mountains.svg|thumb|Taswirar taswirar tsaunukan Hajar tare da yankuna na tectonic da geological]] Duwatsun Hajar sun kai kilomita 700 (mil 430) ta hanyar [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] da Oman.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Searle |first=M. P. |last2=Cooper |first2=D. J. W. |date=1986 |title=Structure of the Hawasina Window culmination, central Oman Mountains |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=143–156 |doi=10.1017/S0263593300010798 |issn=1473-7116 |s2cid=130270339}}</ref> Suna kan kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Larabawa, suna zuwa daga Yankin Musandam zuwa gabar gabashin [[Oman]]. Yankin yana da kusan kilomita {{Convert|100|km|mi}} (62 a fadin, tare da Jabal Shams kasancewa mafi girma a {{Convert|3,009|m|ft}} a tsakiyar yankin tsaunuka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Breton |first=Jean-Paul |last2=Béchennec |first2=François |last3=Métour |first3=Joël Le |last4=Moen-Maurel |first4=Laure |last5=Razin |first5=Philippe |date=2004-04-01 |title=Eoalpine (Cretaceous) evolution of the Oman Tethyan continental margin: insights from a structural field study in Jabal Akhdar (Oman Mountains) |journal=GeoArabia |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=41–58 |bibcode=2004GeoAr...9...41B |doi=10.2113/geoarabia090241 |issn=1025-6059 |s2cid=197865202 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kusky |first=Timothy |last2=Robinson |first2=Cordula |last3=El-Baz |first3=Farouk |date=September 2005 |title=Tertiary–Quaternary faulting and uplift in the northern Oman Hajar Mountains |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=162 |issue=5 |pages=871–888 |bibcode=2005JGSoc.162..871K |doi=10.1144/0016-764904-122 |issn=0016-7649 |s2cid=59467623}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 2gy1rk2ehcuutfrvsguarq0m96mjb8b 888927 888926 2026-07-29T13:07:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 888927 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Duwatsun Hajar |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" |Dutsen Oman <ref name="Allen2016">{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Calvin H. Jr.|title=Oman: the Modernization of the Sultanate|publisher=[[Routledge]]|chapter=1: Land and People|pages=1–8|isbn=978-1-3172-9164-0|location=Abingdon, [[New York City|New York]]|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlmFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|date=2016-02-05}}</ref> Dutsen Rocky <ref name="USGSPP 1966">{{cite book|last=Geukens|first=F.|editor-last=Bowers|editor-first=S. D.|title=United States Geological Survey Professional Paper|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71g-AQAAMAAJ&q=jabal+ar+rays&pg=SL8-PA26|year=1966}}</ref> Dutsen Asabon<ref name="Abdallah_al 05-2017">{{cite book|editor1=Abdalla, Omar|editor2=Kacimov, Anvar|editor3=Chen, Mingjie|editor4=Al-Maktoumi, Ali|editor5=Al-Hosni, Talal|editor6=Clark, Ian|title=Water Resources in Arid Areas: The Way Forward|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|chapter=3: Scenarios Based Climate Projection for Oman's Water Resources|author1=Al-Yahyai, Sultan|author2=Charabi, Yassine|author3=Al-Sarmi, Said|author4=Al-Maskari, Juma|page=49|isbn=978-3-3195-1856-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yl3TDgAAQBAJ&q=hajar+mountains+rocky+mountains&pg=PA49|date=2017-05-09}}</ref><ref name="Angelakis_al 11-2016">{{cite book|editor1=Angelakis, Andreas N.|editor2=Chiotis, Eustathios|editor3=Eslamian, Saeid|editor4=Weingartner, Herbert|title=Underground Aqueducts Handbook|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|chapter=12: The Aqueducts of the Sultanate of Oman: Sustainable Water-Supplying Irrigating Oases Cities|author1=Megdiche-Kharrat, Fairouz|author2=Ragala, Rachid|author3=Moussa, Mohamed|page=206|isbn=978-1-4987-4831-5|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pioNDgAAQBAJ&q=hajar+mountains+rocky+mountains&pg=PA206|date=2016-11-25}}</ref><br /><br /><br /> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;" |[[File:Nakhal_Fort_1.jpg|272x272px]]<div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Hajar ta [[Hajar Mountains#Central Hajar|Tsakiya]] da Yamma ta tashi a bayan Nakhal Fort, [[Al Batinah South Governorate|Gwamnatin Al Batinah ta Kudu]], Oman</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Mafi Girma&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mafi girma | class="infobox-data" |[[Jebel Shams]], Oman&#x20; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Summit|Hawan sama]] | class="infobox-data" |3,009 m (9,872 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Sunayen |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunan asali | class="infobox-data nickname" |Jibāl al-Ḥajar (جِبَال أْحَر <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal"> (Arabic) </span>) &nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;" |Yanayin ƙasa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:Oman_relief_location_map.jpg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in Oman|class=notpageimage|354x354px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Oman]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:32.673%;left:63.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nuna Oman</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:Middle_East_location_map.svg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in Middle East|class=notpageimage|272x272px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:55.139%;left:66.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Gabas ta Tsakiya</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px">[[Fayil:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg|alt=Hajar Mountains is located in West and Central Asia|class=notpageimage|272x272px|Duwatsun Hajar suna cikin Yamma da Tsakiyar Asiya]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:63.241%;left:61.985%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px">[[File:Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg|link=|alt=Hajar Mountains|class=notpageimage|16x16px|Duwatsun Hajar]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Duwatsun Hajar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Yamma da Tsakiyar Asiya</span></div></div></div></div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data label" |[[Oman]] da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]]<span class="flagicon">[[Fayil:Flag_of_Oman.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin | class="infobox-data label" |Asiya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa|Yanayin kewayon]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hajar_Mountains&params=23.3_N_57.1_E_type:mountain <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°N 57.1°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.3; 57.1</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hajar_Mountains&params=23.3_N_57.1_E_type:mountain <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">57°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.3°N 57.1°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">23.3; 57.1</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |} '''Dutsen Hajar''' (Larabci: جِبَال ٱلْحَجَر, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains ko Dutsen Duwatsu) ya kasance ɗaya ne daga cikin tudu mafi tsayi a yankin Larabawa, wanda aka raba tsakanin arewacin Oman da gabacin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Hakanan ana kiranta da "Dutsen Oman", suna raba ƙananan filin bakin teku na Oman daga babban tudun hamada, kuma suna kwance 50-100 km (31-62 mi) daga ciki daga Tekun [[Oman]]. ''Al'' ({{Lang|ar|اَلْ}}) yana nufin "dutse", kuma ''Ḥajar'' ({{Lang|ar|حَجَر}}) yana nufin" dutse" ko "dutse". Don haka ana kiran ''al-Ḥajar'' ({{Lang|ar|اَلْحَجَر}}) "dutse" ko "dutse". == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Topographic, tectonic and geological location map of Al Hajar Mountains.svg|thumb|Taswirar taswirar tsaunukan Hajar tare da yankuna na tectonic da geological]] Duwatsun Hajar sun kai kilomita 700 (mil 430) ta hanyar [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] da Oman.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Searle |first=M. P. |last2=Cooper |first2=D. J. W. |date=1986 |title=Structure of the Hawasina Window culmination, central Oman Mountains |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=143–156 |doi=10.1017/S0263593300010798 |issn=1473-7116 |s2cid=130270339}}</ref> Suna kan kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Larabawa, suna zuwa daga Yankin Musandam zuwa gabar gabashin [[Oman]]. Yankin yana da kusan kilomita {{Convert|100|km|mi}} (62 a fadin, tare da Jabal Shams kasancewa mafi girma a {{Convert|3,009|m|ft}} a tsakiyar yankin tsaunuka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Breton |first=Jean-Paul |last2=Béchennec |first2=François |last3=Métour |first3=Joël Le |last4=Moen-Maurel |first4=Laure |last5=Razin |first5=Philippe |date=2004-04-01 |title=Eoalpine (Cretaceous) evolution of the Oman Tethyan continental margin: insights from a structural field study in Jabal Akhdar (Oman Mountains) |journal=GeoArabia |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=41–58 |bibcode=2004GeoAr...9...41B |doi=10.2113/geoarabia090241 |issn=1025-6059 |s2cid=197865202 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kusky |first=Timothy |last2=Robinson |first2=Cordula |last3=El-Baz |first3=Farouk |date=September 2005 |title=Tertiary–Quaternary faulting and uplift in the northern Oman Hajar Mountains |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=162 |issue=5 |pages=871–888 |bibcode=2005JGSoc.162..871K |doi=10.1144/0016-764904-122 |issn=0016-7649 |s2cid=59467623}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} mdf2ngzwshh7dtnnr75scrvms1ojcyr 0 83859 889040 556365 2026-07-29T16:07:06Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sanusi Hardjadinata as the Rector of Padjadjaran University.jpg|thumb|Sanusi Hardjadinata]] '''Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata''' (an haife shi a matsayin '''Samaun'''; 24 ga watan Yuni 1914 - 12 Disamban shekarar 1995) ɗan siyasan Indonesia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesia (PDI) daga 1975 har zuwa 1980. Kafin ya zama shugaban jam'iyya, ya rike mukamai da yawa a lokacin shugabancin Sukarno da [[Suharto]], gami da a matsayin gwamnan West Java, memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, da ministan ministoci a cikin majalisar Djuanda da Ampera. An haifi Sanusi ne a cikin dangi mai arziki a Garut, Dutch East Indies (yanzu [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]). Ya yi karatu a makarantar Dutch, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami bayan kammala karatunsa. Bayan Sanarwar 'yancin Indonesiya, an nada shi mataimakin mazaunin Priangan. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1948, hukumomin Holland sun kama shi kuma sun tsare shi saboda adawa da kirkirar Jihar Pasundan da ke goyon bayan Holland. An sake shi a watan Yulin 1948, kuma ya tafi Yogyakarta kuma daga baya Madiun. A can, ya taimaka wajen sake gina birnin bayan da aka gaza tashin hankali na kwaminisanci wanda ya faru 'yan watanni da suka gabata. A shekara ta 1949, an nada shi a matsayin wakilin mazaunin Priangan, kuma a lokacin sauyawa daga jihar tarayya zuwa ta hadin kai, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ilimi na jihar Pasundan. A shekara ta 1951, an nada Sanusi a matsayin gwamnan Yammacin Java, kodayake majalisa ta lardin ta kalubalanci nadin sa da farko. A matsayinsa na gwamna, ya taimaka wajen shirya Taron Bandung kuma ya kafa Jami'ar Padjadjaran a shekarar 1957. A shekara ta 1955, an zabe shi memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, kuma ya shiga cikin muhawara ta tsarin mulki har zuwa rushewar majalisar a shekara ta 1959. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1957, Firayim Minista Djuanda Kartawidjaja ya nada shi Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida. Bayan Dokar Shugaba Sukarno ta 1959, an sallami Sanusi a matsayin minista, kuma an nada shi jakadan Indonesia a Masar a maimakon haka. Ya koma Indonesia a shekarar 1964, kuma an nada shi shugaban Jami'ar Padjadjaran . Bayan sauyawa zuwa Sabon Tsarin, an nada Sanusi a matsayin ministan ministoci a cikin Ampera da kuma Revised Ampera ministocin karkashin shugaban kasar [[Suharto]]. A shekara ta 1975, an nada shi Shugaban Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesia, inda ya maye gurbin Mohammad Isnaeni . A karkashin jagorancinsa, jam'iyyar ta sha wahala daga rikice-rikicen cikin gida da yawa, kuma ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a shekarar 1980. Bayan ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar, sai ya shiga cikin Petition of Fifty . Sanusi ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1995, bayan ya sha wahala daga rikitarwa a cikin [[huhu]], koda, da hanta. An binne jikinsa a Kabari na Sirnaraga a [[Bandung]] . == Rayuwa ta farko == Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata, da farko an ba shi sunan '''Samaun''', {{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} an haife shi a ƙauyen Cinta Manik, Garut, a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1914. {{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}} An haife shi ne a cikin iyali mai arziki na priyayi, kuma shi ne na uku cikin yara huɗu. {{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}} <ref name="Tempo1984">{{Cite web |last=Tempo |author-link=Tempo (Indonesian magazine) |date=1984 |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |title=Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata |script-title= |trans-title=Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata |url=https://ahmad.web.id/sites/apa_dan_siapa_tempo/profil/M/20030624-51-M_2.html |url-access= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 November 2021 |website= |series= |publisher=[[Tempo (Indonesian magazine)|Tempo]]: Apa dan siapa? (Archive) |page= |pages= |at= |language=id |type= |format= |via= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |quote= |agency=}}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Raden Djamhad Wirantadidjaja, shugaban ƙauyen ne, yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Nyi Mas Taswi, mace ce mai daraja.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Lokacin da yake da shekaru shida, an kawo shi Cibatu, wani karamin gari da ke arewacin Garut.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} A can, Samaun ya zauna tare da Raden Yuda, likita kuma dangi na mahaifinsa.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Daga nan aka shigar da shi cikin makarantar ''Tweede Klasse Inlandsche'', makarantar firamare wacce ta yi amfani da yaren gida a matsayin yaren koyarwa.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} A lokacin da Mako Cibatu, an canza sunansa daga Samaun zuwa '''Sanusi''', kamar yadda Yuda ya ce, ya yi kama da sunan Semaun, shugaban farko na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indonesia.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Daga baya, Sanusi ya koma Tasikmalaya, inda ya zauna tare da Bik Endeh, 'yar Yuda.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Koyaya, saboda cin zarafin da ya samu daga Bik Endeh ya koma gidan da ke kusa da Bik Mariah.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Yayinda yake Tasikmalaya, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a wata makarantar ''Tweede Klasse''. Koyaya, bai iya kammala karatunsa ba, yayin da ya koma Cibatu bayan kammala aji na farko kawai.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Komawa a Cibatu, babban ɗan'uwansa, Idris Hardjadinata ne ya tashe shi, kuma ya shiga ''Makarantar Hollandsch-Inlandsche'' (HIS). A makarantar, ya zama sananne da '''Sanusi Hardjadinata''', yayin da yawancin ɗalibai a makarantar suka yi kuskuren gane Idris a matsayin mahaifinsa. Bayan shekaru biyu a Cibatu, Sanusi ya koma [[Bandung]]. A can, ya shiga makarantar ''Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool'' (HIK), ya kammala a 1936. {{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Daga can, ya zama [[malami]], kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a makarantar Muhammadiyah a [[Jakarta]].{{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}}{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} A matsayinsa na malami, Sanusi ya yi kusan gulden 25 a wata. Bayan shekara guda na koyarwa a makarantar, wani aboki ya ba shi matsayin koyarwa a wata makaranta a Muara Dua, Palembang . Ya yarda da tayin, kuma ya koma Muara Dua. Yayinda aka ninka albashinsa zuwa gulden 50 a wata, Sanusi kawai ya koyar a makaranta na watanni 6, yayin da yanayin jikinsa ya kara muni.{{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}} Daga baya ya tafi Baturaja, a cikin abin da ke yau Ogan Komering Ulu Regency . Koyaya, Sanusi bai zauna na dogon lokaci ba yayin da ya koma Bandung, tare da maye gurbin aikin koyarwarsa da babban janar na gaba Abdul Haris Nasution .{{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}} ==Manazarta== [[Rukuni:Matattun 1995]] 71d2hvdspp7f4kxx6tccuaad4ef8h05 889041 889040 2026-07-29T16:07:31Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sanusi Hardjadinata as the Rector of Padjadjaran University.jpg|thumb|Sanusi Hardjadinata]] '''Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata''' (an haife shi a matsayin '''Samaun'''; 24 ga watan Yuni 1914 - 12 Disamban shekarar 1995) ɗan siyasan Indonesia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesia (PDI) daga shekarar 1975 har zuwa 1980. Kafin ya zama shugaban jam'iyya, ya rike mukamai da yawa a lokacin shugabancin Sukarno da [[Suharto]], gami da a matsayin gwamnan West Java, memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, da ministan ministoci a cikin majalisar Djuanda da Ampera. An haifi Sanusi ne a cikin dangi mai arziki a Garut, Dutch East Indies (yanzu [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]). Ya yi karatu a makarantar Dutch, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami bayan kammala karatunsa. Bayan Sanarwar 'yancin Indonesiya, an nada shi mataimakin mazaunin Priangan. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1948, hukumomin Holland sun kama shi kuma sun tsare shi saboda adawa da kirkirar Jihar Pasundan da ke goyon bayan Holland. An sake shi a watan Yulin 1948, kuma ya tafi Yogyakarta kuma daga baya Madiun. A can, ya taimaka wajen sake gina birnin bayan da aka gaza tashin hankali na kwaminisanci wanda ya faru ƴan watanni da suka gabata. A shekara ta 1949, an nada shi a matsayin wakilin mazaunin Priangan, kuma a lokacin sauyawa daga jihar tarayya zuwa ta hadin kai, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ilimi na jihar Pasundan. A shekara ta 1951, an nada Sanusi a matsayin gwamnan Yammacin Java, kodayake majalisa ta lardin ta kalubalanci nadin sa da farko. A matsayinsa na gwamna, ya taimaka wajen shirya Taron Bandung kuma ya kafa Jami'ar Padjadjaran a shekarar 1957. A shekara ta 1955, an zabe shi memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, kuma ya shiga cikin muhawara ta tsarin mulki har zuwa rushewar majalisar a shekara ta 1959. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1957, Firayim Minista Djuanda Kartawidjaja ya nada shi Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida. Bayan Dokar Shugaba Sukarno ta 1959, an sallami Sanusi a matsayin minista, kuma an nada shi jakadan Indonesia a Masar a maimakon haka. Ya koma Indonesia a shekarar 1964, kuma an nada shi shugaban Jami'ar Padjadjaran . Bayan sauyawa zuwa Sabon Tsarin, an nada Sanusi a matsayin ministan ministoci a cikin Ampera da kuma Revised Ampera ministocin karkashin shugaban kasar [[Suharto]]. A shekara ta 1975, an nada shi Shugaban Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesia, inda ya maye gurbin Mohammad Isnaeni . A karkashin jagorancinsa, jam'iyyar ta sha wahala daga rikice-rikicen cikin gida da yawa, kuma ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a shekarar 1980. Bayan ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar, sai ya shiga cikin Petition of Fifty . Sanusi ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1995, bayan ya sha wahala daga rikitarwa a cikin [[huhu]], koda, da hanta. An binne jikinsa a Kabari na Sirnaraga a [[Bandung]] . == Rayuwa ta farko == Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata, da farko an ba shi sunan '''Samaun''', {{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} an haife shi a ƙauyen Cinta Manik, Garut, a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1914. {{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}} An haife shi ne a cikin iyali mai arziki na priyayi, kuma shi ne na uku cikin yara huɗu. {{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}} <ref name="Tempo1984">{{Cite web |last=Tempo |author-link=Tempo (Indonesian magazine) |date=1984 |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |title=Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata |script-title= |trans-title=Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata |url=https://ahmad.web.id/sites/apa_dan_siapa_tempo/profil/M/20030624-51-M_2.html |url-access= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 November 2021 |website= |series= |publisher=[[Tempo (Indonesian magazine)|Tempo]]: Apa dan siapa? (Archive) |page= |pages= |at= |language=id |type= |format= |via= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |quote= |agency=}}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Raden Djamhad Wirantadidjaja, shugaban ƙauyen ne, yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Nyi Mas Taswi, mace ce mai daraja.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Lokacin da yake da shekaru shida, an kawo shi Cibatu, wani karamin gari da ke arewacin Garut.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} A can, Samaun ya zauna tare da Raden Yuda, likita kuma dangi na mahaifinsa.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Daga nan aka shigar da shi cikin makarantar ''Tweede Klasse Inlandsche'', makarantar firamare wacce ta yi amfani da yaren gida a matsayin yaren koyarwa.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} A lokacin da Mako Cibatu, an canza sunansa daga Samaun zuwa '''Sanusi''', kamar yadda Yuda ya ce, ya yi kama da sunan Semaun, shugaban farko na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indonesia.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Daga baya, Sanusi ya koma Tasikmalaya, inda ya zauna tare da Bik Endeh, 'yar Yuda.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Koyaya, saboda cin zarafin da ya samu daga Bik Endeh ya koma gidan da ke kusa da Bik Mariah.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Yayinda yake Tasikmalaya, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a wata makarantar ''Tweede Klasse''. Koyaya, bai iya kammala karatunsa ba, yayin da ya koma Cibatu bayan kammala aji na farko kawai.{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Komawa a Cibatu, babban ɗan'uwansa, Idris Hardjadinata ne ya tashe shi, kuma ya shiga ''Makarantar Hollandsch-Inlandsche'' (HIS). A makarantar, ya zama sananne da '''Sanusi Hardjadinata''', yayin da yawancin ɗalibai a makarantar suka yi kuskuren gane Idris a matsayin mahaifinsa. Bayan shekaru biyu a Cibatu, Sanusi ya koma [[Bandung]]. A can, ya shiga makarantar ''Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool'' (HIK), ya kammala a 1936. {{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} Daga can, ya zama [[malami]], kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a makarantar Muhammadiyah a [[Jakarta]].{{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}}{{Sfn|Lubis|2003}} A matsayinsa na malami, Sanusi ya yi kusan gulden 25 a wata. Bayan shekara guda na koyarwa a makarantar, wani aboki ya ba shi matsayin koyarwa a wata makaranta a Muara Dua, Palembang . Ya yarda da tayin, kuma ya koma Muara Dua. Yayinda aka ninka albashinsa zuwa gulden 50 a wata, Sanusi kawai ya koyar a makaranta na watanni 6, yayin da yanayin jikinsa ya kara muni.{{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}} Daga baya ya tafi Baturaja, a cikin abin da ke yau Ogan Komering Ulu Regency . Koyaya, Sanusi bai zauna na dogon lokaci ba yayin da ya koma Bandung, tare da maye gurbin aikin koyarwarsa da babban janar na gaba Abdul Haris Nasution .{{Sfn|Sumardi|1984}} ==Manazarta== [[Rukuni:Matattun 1995]] dddnkzecywrt2fuuqmhz8t8j4rav9h2 0 87333 889191 595079 2026-07-29T22:26:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Miyar Nsala''', wacce kuma ake kira da '''farar miya''', kuma [[Inyamurai|kabilar Ibo]] ke kiranta da suna '''ofe nsala''', <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-03-28 |title=How to Make Ofe Nsala (White Soup) |url=https://guardian.ng/life/how-to-make-ofe-nsala-white-soup/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> abinci ce da ta samo asali daga yankin gabashin Najeriya. Babban sashi na sinadarin shine kifi, wanda ke bai wa miyar ɗanɗano na musamman. Haka kuma yana kunshe da ƙananan [[Doya|dawa]] ko kwakwaya tare da ganyen utazi. Nsala yana kama da [[Afia Efere]], wanda ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin kabilar Efik. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tasty African Traditional Delicacies |url=https://africandelicacy.wordpress.com/how-to-prepare-nsala-soup-with-goat-meat/ |access-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> [[Fayil:Igbo_cuisine,_ofe_nsala.jpg|right|thumb|373x373px| Nsala miyar]] Ana amfani da sunan ''farar miya'' ne saboda ba a yi amfani [[Manja|da man dabino]] wajen shirya ta, sabanin sauran miya na gargajiya. == Girke-girke == Ana ɗanɗana miyar da ogiri ko [[Iru (abinci)|iru]], utazi, crayfish, dawa, gishiri, kayan yaji, kifi kifi da busassun kifi. Ana ba da miya tare da dawa, eba, semolina, semovita ko kowane irin zobe tare da ruwa ko abin sha da aka fi so. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Preparation of Nsala Soup |url=http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/soups/nsala-soup.html |access-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> Manyan sinadaran wannan miya su ne dawa da kifi. Kifin kifi abu ne mai mahimmanci; wani lokacin kuma ana haɗa ta da sauran naman da suka haɗa da akuya, kaji, da tripe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Cook Nsala Soup |url=https://www.royacshop.com/2072-nsala-soup-white-soup-how-to-cook-ofe-nsala.html |access-date=3 January 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209114208/https://www.royacshop.com/2072-nsala-soup-white-soup-how-to-cook-ofe-nsala.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin miya == Manazarta == gunew361k6eiuum9kemlkya7mzubpvx 0 88624 889050 585836 2026-07-29T16:11:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Allahabad''' (Farisi: اله اباد, kuma Romanized as Allāhābād)<ref>Allahabad can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3052788" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".</ref> ƙauye ne a yankin Gol Banu Rural, yankin Pain Jam, yankin Torbat-e Jam, Lardin Razavi Khorasan, Iran. A ƙidayar shekarar 2006, yawansu ya kasance 423, a cikin iyalai 89.<ref>Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ƙauyuka]] 390lhh4oms84l47qchme1qv9ex4z9pm 0 88792 889190 843358 2026-07-29T21:28:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Noni Salma''' 'yar Najeriya ce mai shirya fina-finai kuma marubuciyar shirye-shirye telebijin, wacce irin abubuwan da ta fuskanta a Legas, Najeriya sunyi tasiri a kanta a cikin salon labaran ta. Ayyukanta sun fi yawan mata da Queer jagoranci wasan kwaikwayo da wasan ban dariya. Ta sanya su cikin rubuce-rubucenta ta hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa, masu ban sha'awa da harbawa. Yanayin rayuwarta na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, Raison D'etre shine ScreenCraft Screenwriting Fellowship na shekarar 2021 Finalist da matukin wasanta mai ban dariya, Badass shine Gasar wasan kwaikwayo ta ScreenCraft 2021 semifinalist kuma akan jerin GLAAD 2022. Ita ma ta fafata har matakin karshe a gasar ''Stowe Story Labs Fellowships''. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-22 |title=Nigerian transgender regrets not changing his sex when he was younger |url=https://www.pulse.ng/gist/salma-noni-nigerian-transgender-regrets-not-changing-his-sex-when-he-was-younger/fn71vmj |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918094621/https://www.pulse.ng/gist/salma-noni-nigerian-transgender-regrets-not-changing-his-sex-when-he-was-younger/fn71vmj |url-status=dead }}</ref> Noni Salma tana zaune a halin yanzu a New York. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Daniel |first=Jo |date=2016-08-05 |title=Noni Salma: 'I Was Scared Of Living In Nigeria As A Woman In A Mans Body' |url=https://www.informationng.com/2016/08/noni-salma-i-was-scared-of-living-in-nigeria-as-a-woman-in-a-mans-body.html |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=Information Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Choms |first=Harry |date=2021-06-23 |title=Meet Babatunde, The Nigerian Man Who Had Surgery To Transform Himself Into A Woman |url=https://sleekgist.com/meet-babatunde-the-nigerian-man-who-had-surgery-to-transform-himself-into-a-woman/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930135828/https://sleekgist.com/meet-babatunde-the-nigerian-man-who-had-surgery-to-transform-himself-into-a-woman/ |archive-date=2021-09-30 |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Sleek Gist |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kuruciya == Noni Salma ta samu digirinta na farko a fannin Fasaha a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], inda ta karanci Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo. Ta ci gaba da karatun fim a New York Film Academy da ke New York, inda ta kware a fannin bayar da umarni kuma ta sami digiri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-17 |title=Out, Proud and African: Noni Salma |url=https://therustintimes.com/2019/06/17/out-proud-and-african-noni-salma/ |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=The Rustin Times |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Daniel |first=Jo |date=2016-08-05 |title=Noni Salma: 'I Was Scared Of Living In Nigeria As A Woman In A Mans Body' |url=https://www.informationng.com/2016/08/noni-salma-i-was-scared-of-living-in-nigeria-as-a-woman-in-a-mans-body.html |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=Information Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Babban ɗan wasanta ''Alibi'' ya lashe Mafi kyawun Sirrin Laifuka a Bikin Fim na Manhattan a shekarar 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-27 |title=Habeeb Lawal's 'Alibi' wins big at Manhattan Film Festival |url=https://www.tvcentertainment.tv/2016/04/27/habeeb-lawals-alibi-wins-big-manhattan-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=Pure Entertainment |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918072945/https://www.tvcentertainment.tv/2016/04/27/habeeb-lawals-alibi-wins-big-manhattan-film-festival/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-02 |title=#NigeriasNewTribe: Davido, Ahmed Musa, Adesua Etomi, Chinwe Egwin, Samson Itodo, others make The Future Awards Africa 2018 nominees list » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/nigeriasnewtribe-davido-ahmed-musa-adesua-etomi-chinwe-egwin-samson-itodo-others-make-the-future-awards-africa-2018-nominees-list/ |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=Two Poems {{!}} Noni Salma |url=https://iselemagazine.com/2020/07/30/two-poems-noni-salma/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Isele Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Salma ta samu lambar yabo ta ‘Treasure Coast International Film Festival’ na ‘Gasar Fina-Finan Dalibai’ na Matsayin Farko na NYFA . 'Safiya bayan Tsakar dare'. Ta shirya tare da ba da umarni ga ɗan gajeren fim ɗin 'Veil Of Silence' wanda aka fi sani da 'Curtain of Silence', wanda aka fara a cikin watan Maris shekarar 2014 a BFI Flare London LGBT Film Festival a London, [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] ; An kuma nuna hoton Veil Of Silence a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], Egale Canada, da Ofishin Harkokin Wajen Jamus, da sauran wurare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scooper - News: Meet Babatunde, The Nigerian Man Who Had Surgery To Transform Into A Woman [Pictures] |url=https://m.scooper.news/2021/06/30/meet-babatunde-the-nigerian-man-who-had-surgery-to-transform-into-a-woman-pictures/16372021 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=m.scooper.news |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918075721/https://m.scooper.news/2021/06/30/meet-babatunde-the-nigerian-man-who-had-surgery-to-transform-into-a-woman-pictures/16372021 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan haka, Veil Of Silence ya nuna a yawancin bukukuwan fina-finai, ciki har da bikin fina-finai na Queer Screen, CineHomo Film Festival, Valladoid, Spain a cikin watan Afrilu shekarar 2015, inda ya lashe matsayi na biyu don Mafi kyawun Gajerun Labarai, kamar yadda masu sauraro suka yaba. Noni Salma ta yi jerin sunayen sunayen ' The Future Awards Africa Prize for Screen Producer' a cikin shekarar 2018 tsakanin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Burna Boy, Adesua Etomi, Maraji others make 2018 Future Awards list {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/298755-burna-boy-adesua-etomi-maraji-others-make-2018-future-awards-list.html |access-date=2021-09-18 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == aiki == Veil of Silence<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kowalska |first=Monika |date=2025-06-20 |title=The Heroines of My Life: Interview with Noni Salma |url=https://theheroines.blogspot.com/2025/06/interview-with-noni-salma.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=The Heroines of My Life}}</ref> - 2014 Hell or High Water (Jahannama ko Babban Ruwa)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kowalska |first=Monika |date=2025-06-20 |title=The Heroines of My Life: Interview with Noni Salma |url=https://theheroines.blogspot.com/2025/06/interview-with-noni-salma.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=The Heroines of My Life}}</ref> - 2016 We Don't Live Here Anymore (Ba Mu Zama Nan Ba)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kowalska |first=Monika |date=2025-06-20 |title=The Heroines of My Life: Interview with Noni Salma |url=https://theheroines.blogspot.com/2025/06/interview-with-noni-salma.html |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=The Heroines of My Life}}</ref> - 2018 == Duba kuma == * Bobrisky – Nigerian transgender woman (born 1991) * Fola Francis – Nigerian transgender model (1994–2023) * Jay Boogie – Nigerian transgender woman (born 1998) * Miss Sahhara – Nigerian beauty queen and LGBTQ advocate * James Brown (internet personality) – Nigerian cross dresser (born 1999) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8bg6w2ckjm6x7yctboxjl9xbpvxnd6r 0 89627 889049 863137 2026-07-29T16:10:54Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Muhammad Ragil|fullname=Muhammad Ragil|birth_place=[[Deli Serdang]], Indonesia|birth_date={{birth date and age|2005|5|8|df=y}}|height=1.85 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/muhammad-ragil/|title=Muhammad Ragil: Profile |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |accessdate=4 July 2023}}</ref>|position=[[Forward (association football)|Forward]]|currentclub=[[Bhayangkara F.C.|Bhayangkara]]|clubnumber=7|youthyears1=|youthclubs1=Diklat Merden Banjarnegara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://serayunews.com/eks-diklat-merden-banjarnegara-muhammad-ragil-pecahkan-rekor-di-liga-1/|title=Alumni Diklat Merden Banjarnegara, Pecahkan Rekor di Liga 1|website=serayunews.com|publisher=serayunews|accessdate=4 July 2023}}</ref>|youthyears2=2021–2022|youthclubs2=[[Bhayangkara F.C.|Bhayangkara]]|youthyears3=2022|youthclubs3=Garuda Select<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gol.bolatimes.com/read/2023/04/22/140000/profil-muhammad-ragil-striker-185-cm-garuda-select-ingin-bela-timnas-indonesia|title=Profil Muhammad Ragil, Striker 185 cm Garuda Select Ingin Bela Timnas Indonesia|website=gol.bolatimes.com|publisher=GOL - BolaTimes.com|accessdate=4 July 2023}}</ref>|years1=2022–|clubs1=[[Bhayangkara F.C.|Bhayangkara]]|caps1=15|goals1=2|nationalyears1=2024–2025|nationalteam1=[[Indonesia national under-20 football team|Indonesia U20]]|nationalcaps1=18|nationalgoals1=3|nationalyears2=2023–|nationalteam2=[[Indonesia national under-23 football team|Indonesia U23]]|nationalcaps2=4|nationalgoals2=0|medaltemplates={{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fb|Indonesia}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[ASEAN U-19 Boys Championship]]}} {{medalW|[[2024 ASEAN U-19 Boys Championship|2024 Indonesia]]|[[2024 ASEAN U-19 Boys Championship squads#Indonesia|Team]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[AFF U-23 Championship]]}} {{medal|RU|[[2023 AFF U-23 Championship|2023 Thailand]]|[[2023 AFF U-23 Championship squads#Indonesia|Team]]}}|pcupdate=21 October 2024|ntupdate=19 February 2025}} '''Muhammad Ragil''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Mayu 2005) ɗan ' wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Indonesia wanda ke taka leda ' a matsayin mai gaba a ƙungiyar Ligue 2 ta Bhayangkara . <ref name="soccerway">{{Cite web |title=Indonesia - M. Ragil - Profile with news, career statistics and history |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/muhammad-ragil/913548/ |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Bhayangkara === Wani samfurin makarantar ' matasa ta Bhayangkara, Ragil ya fara ' buga wasan Lig 1 tare da Bhayangkara a wasan da aka yi da PSIS Semarang a ranar 3 ga Yulin 2023, a matsayin mai farawa. Ya kuma zira kwallaye na farko a ' wannan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekor Pecah Lagi di BRI Liga 1, Striker Bhayangkara FC Pencetak Gol Pertama Kelahiran 2005! |url=https://joglo.suara.com/read/2023/07/03/205335/rekor-pecah-lagi-di-bri-liga-1-striker-bhayangkara-fc-pencetak-gol-pertama-kelahiran-2005 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=suara.com |publisher=suara |archive-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712025550/https://joglo.suara.com/read/2023/07/03/205335/rekor-pecah-lagi-di-bri-liga-1-striker-bhayangkara-fc-pencetak-gol-pertama-kelahiran-2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Kocin Indra Sjafri ya ' kira Ragil zuwa tawagar Indonesia ' U20 don shiga Gasar Maurice Revello ta 2024 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia |url=https://www.tournoimauricerevello.com/en/smartphone/festival/detail_equipe.php?id=492 |access-date=3 June 2024 |website=Tournoi Maurice Revello}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Bhayangkara''' * Wanda ya zo na biyu a Ligue 2: 2024-252024–25 '''Indonesia U-19''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Yara ta U-19 ta ASEAN: 2024 '''Indonesia U23''' * Wanda ya ci gaba a gasar cin kofin U-23 na AFF: 2023 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|muhammad-ragil/913548}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] 0gyww4a1ueihmts5o8jy2p4j8jjic5a 0 89703 889073 718815 2026-07-29T16:21:35Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mohammad Khanafi''' (an economist haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba lada shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Indonesia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ƙungiyar Persik Kediri ta Lig 1. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Persedikab Kediri === Ya buga wasanni 18 a gasar kuma ya zira kwallaye 9 ga Persedikab Kediri a shekara ta 2021 Liga 3 (Indonesia) . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2021 |title=Kapten Persedikab Kediri M Khanafi Cetak Gol untuk Istri |url=https://jatimsmart.id/2021/11/09/kapten-persedikab-kediri-m-khanafi-cetak-gol-untuk-istri-yang-tengah-hamil/ |access-date=9 November 2021 |website=jatimsmart.id |language=id }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Persik Kediri === Ya sanya hannu ga Persik Kediri don yin wasa a Lig 1 a kakar 2022-23. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sosok Mohammad Khanafi, Raja Tarkam Kontrak 3 Tahun dengan Persik Kediri |url=https://www.suara.com/bola/2023/03/16/180500/sosok-mohammad-khanafi-raja-tarkam-kontrak-3-tahun-dengan-persik-kediri |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=www.suara.com}}</ref> Khanafi ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 2023 a wasan da ya yi da PSIS Semarang a Filin wasa na Brawijaya, Kediri . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Persik Kediri vs. PSIS Semarang - 4 February 2023 - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/02/04/indonesia/super-liga/persik-kediri/psis-semarang/3859421/ |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kulob din a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2023, ya zira kwallayen 2 a wasan 5-1 da RANIN Nusantara . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2023 |title=Man of the Match Persik Vs RANS Nusantara FC: M. Khanafi, Raja Tarkam Kediri Unjuk Gigi di Kasta Tertinggi |url=https://www.bola.com/indonesia/read/5215903/man-of-the-match-persik-vs-rans-nusantara-fc-m-khanafi-raja-tarkam-kediri-unjuk-gigi-di-kasta-tertinggi |access-date=23 February 2023 |website=Bola.com |language=id}}</ref> == Daraja == === Kungiyar === ; Blitar United * Liga 3 East Java: 2017 ; Persedikab Kediri * Gasar 3 ta Gabashin Java ta ci gaba: 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title=Persedikab VS NZR Sumbersari |url=https://pssijatim.com/match/persedikab-kediri-vs-nzr-sumbersari-fc-2 |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=pssijatim.com |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title=Menang Dramatis, NZR Sumbersari Juara Liga 3 MS Glow for Men PSSI Jatim |url=https://pssijatim.com/2021/12/16/menang-dramatis-nzr-sumbersari-juara-liga-3-ms-glow-for-men-pssi-jatim.html |access-date=17 December 2021 |website=PSSI JATIM |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|mohammad-khanafi/891609}} * [https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/bri_liga_1_2022-2023/mohammad_khanafi Mohammad Khanafi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226001817/https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/bri_liga_1_2022-2023/mohammad_khanafi |date=2024-12-26 }} a Liga Indonesia [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] krtortdgc6h39fmh7bb4jrnlnyrfh4n 0 89816 889059 710155 2026-07-29T16:16:15Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sheva Imut Furyzcha''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Afrilun shekarar 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Indonesia wacce ke taka leda a g matsayin mai kai hari a [[Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]], da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Indonesia . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Sheva Imut Furyzcha a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2004 a Tsibirin Bangka Belitung . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profil Sheva Imut, Pemain Timnas Putri Indonesia yang Cetak Gol Spektakuler di Piala AFF Wanita U-18 2022 |url=https://www.suara.com/bola/2022/07/25/143257/profil-sheva-imut-pemain-timnas-putri-indonesia-yang-cetak-gol-spektakuler-di-piala-aff-wanita-u-18-2022 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=suara.com |language=id}}</ref> Ta fara aikinta na kwallon kafa tana da shekaru 7 lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta sanya mata hannu don shiga SSB [[Surabaya]] Bersatu, ƙungiyar ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa da ke Surabaya, Gabashin Java.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profil Sheva Imut: Dirigen Lini Tengah Timnas U-19 Wanita yang Haus Gol |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanbolanita/profil-sheva-imut-dirigen-lini-tengah-timnas-u-19-wanita-yang-haus-gol-20lapzfKuoD |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}</ref> Bayan ta gwagwalada kwashe shekaru da yawa a cikin ƙuruciyarta, daga baya ta shiga ƙungiyar ci gaban Persebaya Surabaya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-05 |title=Jadi Rebutan Arema FC dan Persebaya Buat Liga 1 Putri 2020, Sheva Imut Galau |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/superskor/2020/02/25/jadi-rebutan-arema-fc-dan-persebaya-buat-liga-1-putri-2020-sheva-imut-galau |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Tribunnews.com |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Ta fara aikinta na sana'a bayan ta shiga Arema, ƙungiyar adawa da kulob dinta na baya, Persebaya Surabaya . Sheva ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ga Arema a gasar 2019 ta mata ta Liga 1, inda ta jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe. A lokacin kakar, ta zira kwallaye 10 a wasanni 16, tana da shekaru 15 kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jo |first=Beni |date=2023-07-09 |title=Profil Sheva Imut Pemain Timnas Indonesia di AFF U19 Putri 2023 |url=https://tirto.id/profil-sheva-imut-pemain-timnas-indonesia-di-aff-u19-putri-2023-gMMu |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sheva ta fara aikinta na kasa da kasa tare da Indonesia 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 a gasar a zakarun mata ta 2022 AFF U-18, inda ta kuma zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 1-0 a kan Kambodiya a lokacin matakin rukuni a ranar 24 ga Yuli 2022. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Sunan Sheva ya samo asali ne daga masanin kwallon kafa Andriy Shevchenko, wanda ya buga wa AC Milan wasa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=4 Hal soal Sheva Imut yang Enggak Kamu Tahu, Apa Aja, ya? |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanbolanita/4-hal-soal-sheva-imut-yang-enggak-kamu-tahu-apa-aja-ya-21YCay9WqfU |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}</ref> An kira 'yar uwar Sheva [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], sunan da aka zaba saboda Shevchenko kwanan nan ya koma kulob din Premier League Chelsea a lokacin haihuwarta.<ref name=":0" /> A baya, Sheva ta yi amfani da pencak silat amma ta yanke shawarar barin shi, ta same shi da yawa, kuma daga baya ta koma kwallon kafa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=4 Hal soal Sheva Imut yang Enggak Kamu Tahu, Apa Aja, ya? |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanbolanita/4-hal-soal-sheva-imut-yang-enggak-kamu-tahu-apa-aja-ya-21YCay9WqfU |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://kumparan.com/kumparanbolanita/4-hal-soal-sheva-imut-yang-enggak-kamu-tahu-apa-aja-ya-21YCay9WqfU "4 Hal soal Sheva Imut yang Enggak Kamu Tahu, Apa Aja, ya?"]. </cite></ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|14 July 2024}} :''Indonesia score listed first, score column indicates score after each Sheva goal'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Sheva Imut ta zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | align="center" |1 |6 ga Yulin 2022 |[[Biñan]]_Football_Stadium" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Biñan Football Stadium">Filin wasan kwallon kafa na Biñan, Biñan, Philippines |{{Fbw|MAS}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta 2022 |- | align="center" |2 |14 ga Yulin 2024 |Filin wasa na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Hong Kong, Happy Valley, Hong Kong |{{Fbw|HKG}} | align="center" |1–4 | align="center" |1–4 |Abokantaka |} == Daraja == '''Indonesia''' * Kofin Mata na AFF: 2024 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] t01arjqg9lmkeleyjdp75jmi9sz6qpa 889060 889059 2026-07-29T16:16:25Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sheva Imut Furyzcha''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Afrilun shekarar 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Indonesia wacce ke taka leda a g matsayin mai kai hari a [[Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]], da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Indonesia . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Sheva Imut Furyzcha a ranar 20 ga Afrilun shekarar 2004 a Tsibirin Bangka Belitung . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profil Sheva Imut, Pemain Timnas Putri Indonesia yang Cetak Gol Spektakuler di Piala AFF Wanita U-18 2022 |url=https://www.suara.com/bola/2022/07/25/143257/profil-sheva-imut-pemain-timnas-putri-indonesia-yang-cetak-gol-spektakuler-di-piala-aff-wanita-u-18-2022 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=suara.com |language=id}}</ref> Ta fara aikinta na kwallon kafa tana da shekaru 7 lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta sanya mata hannu don shiga SSB [[Surabaya]] Bersatu, ƙungiyar ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa da ke Surabaya, Gabashin Java.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profil Sheva Imut: Dirigen Lini Tengah Timnas U-19 Wanita yang Haus Gol |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanbolanita/profil-sheva-imut-dirigen-lini-tengah-timnas-u-19-wanita-yang-haus-gol-20lapzfKuoD |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}</ref> Bayan ta gwagwalada kwashe shekaru da yawa a cikin ƙuruciyarta, daga baya ta shiga ƙungiyar ci gaban Persebaya Surabaya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-05 |title=Jadi Rebutan Arema FC dan Persebaya Buat Liga 1 Putri 2020, Sheva Imut Galau |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/superskor/2020/02/25/jadi-rebutan-arema-fc-dan-persebaya-buat-liga-1-putri-2020-sheva-imut-galau |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Tribunnews.com |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Ta fara aikinta na sana'a bayan ta shiga Arema, ƙungiyar adawa da kulob dinta na baya, Persebaya Surabaya . Sheva ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ga Arema a gasar 2019 ta mata ta Liga 1, inda ta jagoranci kulob din zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe. A lokacin kakar, ta zira kwallaye 10 a wasanni 16, tana da shekaru 15 kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jo |first=Beni |date=2023-07-09 |title=Profil Sheva Imut Pemain Timnas Indonesia di AFF U19 Putri 2023 |url=https://tirto.id/profil-sheva-imut-pemain-timnas-indonesia-di-aff-u19-putri-2023-gMMu |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sheva ta fara aikinta na kasa da kasa tare da Indonesia 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 a gasar a zakarun mata ta 2022 AFF U-18, inda ta kuma zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 1-0 a kan Kambodiya a lokacin matakin rukuni a ranar 24 ga Yuli 2022. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Sunan Sheva ya samo asali ne daga masanin kwallon kafa Andriy Shevchenko, wanda ya buga wa AC Milan wasa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=4 Hal soal Sheva Imut yang Enggak Kamu Tahu, Apa Aja, ya? |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanbolanita/4-hal-soal-sheva-imut-yang-enggak-kamu-tahu-apa-aja-ya-21YCay9WqfU |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}</ref> An kira 'yar uwar Sheva [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], sunan da aka zaba saboda Shevchenko kwanan nan ya koma kulob din Premier League Chelsea a lokacin haihuwarta.<ref name=":0" /> A baya, Sheva ta yi amfani da pencak silat amma ta yanke shawarar barin shi, ta same shi da yawa, kuma daga baya ta koma kwallon kafa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=4 Hal soal Sheva Imut yang Enggak Kamu Tahu, Apa Aja, ya? |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanbolanita/4-hal-soal-sheva-imut-yang-enggak-kamu-tahu-apa-aja-ya-21YCay9WqfU |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://kumparan.com/kumparanbolanita/4-hal-soal-sheva-imut-yang-enggak-kamu-tahu-apa-aja-ya-21YCay9WqfU "4 Hal soal Sheva Imut yang Enggak Kamu Tahu, Apa Aja, ya?"]. </cite></ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|14 July 2024}} :''Indonesia score listed first, score column indicates score after each Sheva goal'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Sheva Imut ta zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | align="center" |1 |6 ga Yulin 2022 |[[Biñan]]_Football_Stadium" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Biñan Football Stadium">Filin wasan kwallon kafa na Biñan, Biñan, Philippines |{{Fbw|MAS}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta 2022 |- | align="center" |2 |14 ga Yulin 2024 |Filin wasa na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Hong Kong, Happy Valley, Hong Kong |{{Fbw|HKG}} | align="center" |1–4 | align="center" |1–4 |Abokantaka |} == Daraja == '''Indonesia''' * Kofin Mata na AFF: 2024 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] eweae9th1u0xq0vq41s6280i17wsaes 0 91397 889045 575524 2026-07-29T16:09:11Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Härnösand FF''' ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ce ta Sweden da ke Härnösand a Birnin Härnösand. Bayan kakar wasan shekara ta 2019, kungiyar ta haɗe da Älgarna-Härnösand IF, wanda ya janyo komawar kungiyar zuwa mataki na 5 a Rukuni na 3 Mellersta Norrland don kakar wasan shekara ta 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Älgarna-Härnösand IF |url=https://www.laget.se/IFAlgarna/About |access-date=2022-04-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ƙungiyar '''Härnösands FF''' a cikin shekara ta 2007 bayan hadin gwiwa tsakanin IFK Härnösand da Älandsbro. A shekara ta 2008 kulob din ya lashe gasar Division 4 Ångermanland sannan daga bisani ta lashe Division 3 Norra Norrland a shekara ta 2009. Ana buga wasannin kulob din a filin Högslättens IP ko Brovalla IP. Hadin gwiwar ta faru ne a ƙarshen kakar 1995 tsakanin IFK Härnösand da Bondsjöhöjdens IK Härnösland kuma a kakar da ta biyo baya ana kiran kulob din da suna BIK / IFK HärNösand. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden fifth level 1995&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/51995.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125220721/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/51995.htm |archive-date=2009-11-25 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> Wani haɗin gwiwar ya faru ne a tsakanin shekarun 2001-03 lokacin da ake kiran kulob din da IFK Härnösand / Mofe BK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden fifth level 2001&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/52001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126092943/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/52001.htm |archive-date=2009-11-26 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> Kungiyar tana da alaƙa ta kusa da Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar&nbsp;– Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund&nbsp;– Svenskfotboll.se |url=https://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/?ffid=23 |access-date=2011-01-12 |website= |format=}}</ref> A yayinda wakar kulob din kawai ya shafi buga kwallon kafa ne, IFK Härnösand ya daɗe yana da sashen bandy mai aiki. IFK Härnösand sun zama zakarun gundumar bandy a Västernorrland a shekara ta 1913. == Kakar wasa zuwa kakar wasa == {| | valign="top" width="0%" | {| class="wikitable" !'''Lokacin''' !'''Matsayi''' !'''Rukunin wasa''' !'''Sashe''' !'''Matsayi''' !'''Motsi''' |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1993 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1994 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1995 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 12''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An sake shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1996 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |BIK/IFK Härnösand |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1997 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1998 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1999 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 6''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2000 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 8th''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2001 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2002 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2003 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2004 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2005 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2006* | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2007 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2008 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na farko''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |An ɗaukaka shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2009 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 3''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Norra Norrland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na farko''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An ɗaukaka shi |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |2010 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 9th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |2011 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 8th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2012|2012]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2013|2013]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2014|2014]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 9th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2015|2015]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2016|2016]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2017|2017]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 6''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2018|2018]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 13''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |An sake shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |[[Division 3 2019|2019]] | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 3''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Mellersta Norrland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An rushe shi kuma an haɗa shi da Älgarna-Härnösand IF |- |} ''* Gyaran League a shekara ta 2006 ya haifar da sabon rukuni da aka kirkira a Tier 3 kuma ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa sun sauke matakin.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norrland - Division 2&nbsp;– Fotbollsserier 2010&nbsp;– Fotboll&nbsp;– everysport.com |url=http://www.everysport.com/sport/fotboll/fotbollsserier-2010/division-2-herr/norrland/38690 |access-date=2010-09-16 |website= |format=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden Final Tables&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/1stpage.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731010524/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/1stpage.htm |archive-date=July 31, 2010 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> |} == Masu halarta == A cikin 'yan kakar wasannin Härnösands FF sun sami matsakaicin halarta: {| | valign="top" width="0%" | {| class="wikitable" !'''Lokacin''' !'''Matsakaicin Masu Taron''' !'''Sashe / Sashe''' !'''Matsayi''' |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2008 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |''Ba a samuwa'' | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 4 Ångermanland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Kashi na 6 |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2009 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |195 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 3 Norra Norrland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Kashi na 5 |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2010 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |372 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 2 Norrland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Tier 4 |} ''* Ana ba da halarta a cikin sassan Publikliga na shafin yanar gizon Svenska Fotbollförbundet.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar&nbsp;– Svenska Fotbollförbundet&nbsp;– svenskfotboll.se |url=https://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609222754/http://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/ |archive-date=2009-06-09 |access-date=2010-11-14}}</ref> |} == Tsoffin 'yan wasa == * [[Svyatoslav Zubar]]{{Flagicon|UKR}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.harnosandsff.se/ Härnösands FF] - shafin yanar gizon&nbsp; == Bayanan da ke ƙasa == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa]] euurbt92rqtv4nhc9dmtwgfx5hpcov5 889046 889045 2026-07-29T16:09:21Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Härnösand FF''' ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ce ta Sweden da ke Härnösand a Birnin Härnösand. Bayan kakar wasan shekara ta 2019, kungiyar ta haɗe da Älgarna-Härnösand IF, wanda ya janyo komawar kungiyar zuwa mataki na 5 a Rukuni na 3 Mellersta Norrland don kakar wasan shekara ta 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Älgarna-Härnösand IF |url=https://www.laget.se/IFAlgarna/About |access-date=2022-04-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ƙungiyar '''Härnösands FF''' a cikin shekara ta 2007 bayan hadin gwiwa tsakanin IFK Härnösand da Älandsbro. A shekara ta 2008 kulob din ya lashe gasar Division 4 Ångermanland sannan daga bisani ta lashe Division 3 Norra Norrland a shekara ta 2009. Ana buga wasannin kulob din a filin Högslättens IP ko Brovalla IP. Hadin gwiwar ta faru ne a ƙarshen kakar shekarar 1995 tsakanin IFK Härnösand da Bondsjöhöjdens IK Härnösland kuma a kakar da ta biyo baya ana kiran kulob din da suna BIK / IFK HärNösand. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden fifth level 1995&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/51995.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125220721/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/51995.htm |archive-date=2009-11-25 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> Wani haɗin gwiwar ya faru ne a tsakanin shekarun 2001-03 lokacin da ake kiran kulob din da IFK Härnösand / Mofe BK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden fifth level 2001&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/52001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126092943/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/52001.htm |archive-date=2009-11-26 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> Kungiyar tana da alaƙa ta kusa da Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar&nbsp;– Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund&nbsp;– Svenskfotboll.se |url=https://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/?ffid=23 |access-date=2011-01-12 |website= |format=}}</ref> A yayinda wakar kulob din kawai ya shafi buga kwallon kafa ne, IFK Härnösand ya daɗe yana da sashen bandy mai aiki. IFK Härnösand sun zama zakarun gundumar bandy a Västernorrland a shekara ta 1913. == Kakar wasa zuwa kakar wasa == {| | valign="top" width="0%" | {| class="wikitable" !'''Lokacin''' !'''Matsayi''' !'''Rukunin wasa''' !'''Sashe''' !'''Matsayi''' !'''Motsi''' |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1993 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1994 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1995 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 12''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An sake shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1996 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |BIK/IFK Härnösand |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1997 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1998 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1999 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 6''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2000 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 8th''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2001 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2002 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2003 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2004 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2005 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2006* | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2007 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2008 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na farko''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |An ɗaukaka shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2009 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 3''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Norra Norrland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na farko''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An ɗaukaka shi |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |2010 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 9th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |2011 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 8th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2012|2012]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2013|2013]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2014|2014]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 9th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2015|2015]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2016|2016]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2017|2017]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 6''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2018|2018]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 13''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |An sake shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |[[Division 3 2019|2019]] | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 3''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Mellersta Norrland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An rushe shi kuma an haɗa shi da Älgarna-Härnösand IF |- |} ''* Gyaran League a shekara ta 2006 ya haifar da sabon rukuni da aka kirkira a Tier 3 kuma ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa sun sauke matakin.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norrland - Division 2&nbsp;– Fotbollsserier 2010&nbsp;– Fotboll&nbsp;– everysport.com |url=http://www.everysport.com/sport/fotboll/fotbollsserier-2010/division-2-herr/norrland/38690 |access-date=2010-09-16 |website= |format=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden Final Tables&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/1stpage.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731010524/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/1stpage.htm |archive-date=July 31, 2010 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> |} == Masu halarta == A cikin 'yan kakar wasannin Härnösands FF sun sami matsakaicin halarta: {| | valign="top" width="0%" | {| class="wikitable" !'''Lokacin''' !'''Matsakaicin Masu Taron''' !'''Sashe / Sashe''' !'''Matsayi''' |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2008 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |''Ba a samuwa'' | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 4 Ångermanland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Kashi na 6 |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2009 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |195 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 3 Norra Norrland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Kashi na 5 |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2010 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |372 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 2 Norrland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Tier 4 |} ''* Ana ba da halarta a cikin sassan Publikliga na shafin yanar gizon Svenska Fotbollförbundet.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar&nbsp;– Svenska Fotbollförbundet&nbsp;– svenskfotboll.se |url=https://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609222754/http://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/ |archive-date=2009-06-09 |access-date=2010-11-14}}</ref> |} == Tsoffin 'yan wasa == * [[Svyatoslav Zubar]]{{Flagicon|UKR}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.harnosandsff.se/ Härnösands FF] - shafin yanar gizon&nbsp; == Bayanan da ke ƙasa == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa]] 1f9005hnucnq78t17xhj5f3w5foscfn 889047 889046 2026-07-29T16:09:37Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Härnösand FF''' ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ce ta Sweden da ke Härnösand a Birnin Härnösand. Bayan kakar wasan shekara ta 2019, ƙungiyar ta haɗe da Älgarna-Härnösand IF, wanda ya janyo komawar ƙungiyar zuwa mataki na 5 a Rukuni na 3 Mellersta Norrland don kakar wasan shekara ta 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Älgarna-Härnösand IF |url=https://www.laget.se/IFAlgarna/About |access-date=2022-04-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ƙungiyar '''Härnösands FF''' a cikin shekara ta 2007 bayan hadin gwiwa tsakanin IFK Härnösand da Älandsbro. A shekara ta 2008 kulob din ya lashe gasar Division 4 Ångermanland sannan daga bisani ta lashe Division 3 Norra Norrland a shekara ta 2009. Ana buga wasannin kulob din a filin Högslättens IP ko Brovalla IP. Hadin gwiwar ta faru ne a ƙarshen kakar shekarar 1995 tsakanin IFK Härnösand da Bondsjöhöjdens IK Härnösland kuma a kakar da ta biyo baya ana kiran kulob din da suna BIK / IFK HärNösand. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden fifth level 1995&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/51995.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125220721/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/51995.htm |archive-date=2009-11-25 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> Wani haɗin gwiwar ya faru ne a tsakanin shekarun 2001-03 lokacin da ake kiran kulob din da IFK Härnösand / Mofe BK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden fifth level 2001&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/52001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126092943/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/52001.htm |archive-date=2009-11-26 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> Kungiyar tana da alaƙa ta kusa da Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar&nbsp;– Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund&nbsp;– Svenskfotboll.se |url=https://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/?ffid=23 |access-date=2011-01-12 |website= |format=}}</ref> A yayinda wakar kulob din kawai ya shafi buga kwallon kafa ne, IFK Härnösand ya daɗe yana da sashen bandy mai aiki. IFK Härnösand sun zama zakarun gundumar bandy a Västernorrland a shekara ta 1913. == Kakar wasa zuwa kakar wasa == {| | valign="top" width="0%" | {| class="wikitable" !'''Lokacin''' !'''Matsayi''' !'''Rukunin wasa''' !'''Sashe''' !'''Matsayi''' !'''Motsi''' |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1993 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1994 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1995 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 12''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An sake shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1996 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |BIK/IFK Härnösand |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1997 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1998 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1999 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 6''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2000 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 8th''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2001 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2002 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2003 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2004 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2005 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2006* | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2007 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2008 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na farko''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |An ɗaukaka shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2009 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 3''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Norra Norrland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na farko''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An ɗaukaka shi |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |2010 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 9th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |2011 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 8th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2012|2012]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2013|2013]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2014|2014]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 9th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2015|2015]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2016|2016]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2017|2017]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 6''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2018|2018]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 13''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |An sake shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |[[Division 3 2019|2019]] | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 3''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Mellersta Norrland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An rushe shi kuma an haɗa shi da Älgarna-Härnösand IF |- |} ''* Gyaran League a shekara ta 2006 ya haifar da sabon rukuni da aka kirkira a Tier 3 kuma ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa sun sauke matakin.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norrland - Division 2&nbsp;– Fotbollsserier 2010&nbsp;– Fotboll&nbsp;– everysport.com |url=http://www.everysport.com/sport/fotboll/fotbollsserier-2010/division-2-herr/norrland/38690 |access-date=2010-09-16 |website= |format=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden Final Tables&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/1stpage.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731010524/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/1stpage.htm |archive-date=July 31, 2010 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> |} == Masu halarta == A cikin 'yan kakar wasannin Härnösands FF sun sami matsakaicin halarta: {| | valign="top" width="0%" | {| class="wikitable" !'''Lokacin''' !'''Matsakaicin Masu Taron''' !'''Sashe / Sashe''' !'''Matsayi''' |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2008 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |''Ba a samuwa'' | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 4 Ångermanland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Kashi na 6 |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2009 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |195 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 3 Norra Norrland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Kashi na 5 |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2010 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |372 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 2 Norrland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Tier 4 |} ''* Ana ba da halarta a cikin sassan Publikliga na shafin yanar gizon Svenska Fotbollförbundet.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar&nbsp;– Svenska Fotbollförbundet&nbsp;– svenskfotboll.se |url=https://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609222754/http://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/ |archive-date=2009-06-09 |access-date=2010-11-14}}</ref> |} == Tsoffin 'yan wasa == * [[Svyatoslav Zubar]]{{Flagicon|UKR}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.harnosandsff.se/ Härnösands FF] - shafin yanar gizon&nbsp; == Bayanan da ke ƙasa == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa]] 8uiudoklhapbks7cf9l1unxgi6cpfs5 889048 889047 2026-07-29T16:09:57Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Härnösand FF''' ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ce ta Sweden da ke Härnösand a Birnin Härnösand. Bayan kakar wasan shekara ta 2019, ƙungiyar ta haɗe da Älgarna-Härnösand IF, wanda ya janyo komawar ƙungiyar zuwa mataki na 5 a Rukuni na 3 Mellersta Norrland don kakar wasan shekara ta 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Älgarna-Härnösand IF |url=https://www.laget.se/IFAlgarna/About |access-date=2022-04-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ƙungiyar '''Härnösands FF''' a cikin shekara ta 2007 bayan hadin gwiwa tsakanin IFK Härnösand da Älandsbro. A shekara ta 2008 kulob din ya lashe gasar Division 4 Ångermanland sannan daga bisani ta lashe Division 3 Norra Norrland a shekara ta 2009. Ana buga wasannin kulob din a filin Högslättens IP ko Brovalla IP. Hadin gwiwar ta faru ne a ƙarshen kakar shekarar 1995 tsakanin IFK Härnösand da Bondsjöhöjdens IK Härnösland kuma a kakar da ta biyo baya ana kiran kulob din da suna BIK / IFK HärNösand. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden fifth level 1995&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/51995.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125220721/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/51995.htm |archive-date=2009-11-25 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> Wani haɗin gwiwar ya faru ne a tsakanin shekarun 2001-03 lokacin da ake kiran kulob din da IFK Härnösand / Mofe BK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden fifth level 2001&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/52001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091126092943/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/5thlevelandbelow/52001.htm |archive-date=2009-11-26 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> Ƙungiyar tana da alaƙa ta kusa da Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar&nbsp;– Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund&nbsp;– Svenskfotboll.se |url=https://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/?ffid=23 |access-date=2011-01-12 |website= |format=}}</ref> A yayinda wakar kulob ɗin kawai ya shafi buga kwallon kafa ne, IFK Härnösand ya daɗe yana da sashen bandy mai aiki. IFK Härnösand sun zama zakarun gundumar bandy a Västernorrland a shekara ta 1913. == Kakar wasa zuwa kakar wasa == {| | valign="top" width="0%" | {| class="wikitable" !'''Lokacin''' !'''Matsayi''' !'''Rukunin wasa''' !'''Sashe''' !'''Matsayi''' !'''Motsi''' |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1993 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1994 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1995 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 12''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An sake shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1996 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |BIK/IFK Härnösand |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1997 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1998 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |1999 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 6''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2000 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 8th''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2001 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2002 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2003 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |IFK Härnösand / Offe BK |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2004 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na 7''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2005 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2006* | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2007 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" | |- | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |2008 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Kashi na 6 | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Sashe na 4''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |Ångermanland | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |'''Na farko''' | style="background:#FBA0E3;" |An ɗaukaka shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |2009 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 3''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Norra Norrland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na farko''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An ɗaukaka shi |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |2010 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 9th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |2011 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 8th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2012|2012]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2013|2013]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na uku''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2014|2014]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 9th''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2015|2015]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na biyar''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2016|2016]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2017|2017]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 6''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" | |- | style="background:#FF7F00;" |[[Division 2 2018|2018]] | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Tier 4 | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Sashe na 2''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |Arewacin Turai | style="background:#FF7F00;" |'''Na 13''' | style="background:#FF7F00;" |An sake shi |- | style="background:#CECE1B;" |[[Division 3 2019|2019]] | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Kashi na 5 | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Sashe na 3''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |Mellersta Norrland | style="background:#CECE1B;" |'''Na huɗu''' | style="background:#CECE1B;" |An rushe shi kuma an haɗa shi da Älgarna-Härnösand IF |- |} ''* Gyaran League a shekara ta 2006 ya haifar da sabon rukuni da aka kirkira a Tier 3 kuma ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa sun sauke matakin.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norrland - Division 2&nbsp;– Fotbollsserier 2010&nbsp;– Fotboll&nbsp;– everysport.com |url=http://www.everysport.com/sport/fotboll/fotbollsserier-2010/division-2-herr/norrland/38690 |access-date=2010-09-16 |website= |format=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden Final Tables&nbsp;– Clas Glenning |url=http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/1stpage.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731010524/http://home.swipnet.se/clasglenning/Sweden/1stpage.htm |archive-date=July 31, 2010 |access-date=2010-09-16}}</ref> |} == Masu halarta == A cikin 'yan kakar wasannin Härnösands FF sun sami matsakaicin halarta: {| | valign="top" width="0%" | {| class="wikitable" !'''Lokacin''' !'''Matsakaicin Masu Taron''' !'''Sashe / Sashe''' !'''Matsayi''' |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2008 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |''Ba a samuwa'' | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 4 Ångermanland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Kashi na 6 |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2009 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |195 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 3 Norra Norrland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Kashi na 5 |- | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |2010 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |372 | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Div 2 Norrland | style="background:#E6E6FA;" |Tier 4 |} ''* Ana ba da halarta a cikin sassan Publikliga na shafin yanar gizon Svenska Fotbollförbundet.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar&nbsp;– Svenska Fotbollförbundet&nbsp;– svenskfotboll.se |url=https://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609222754/http://svenskfotboll.se/svensk-fotboll/om-svff/distrikten/ |archive-date=2009-06-09 |access-date=2010-11-14}}</ref> |} == Tsoffin 'yan wasa == * [[Svyatoslav Zubar]]{{Flagicon|UKR}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.harnosandsff.se/ Härnösands FF] - shafin yanar gizon&nbsp; == Bayanan da ke ƙasa == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa]] py0e9yvokyj3tfi4o1kx0yif4ixsjho 0 94245 889113 668395 2026-07-29T18:45:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Nicholas Thieberger FAHA masanin harshe ne na ƙasar Australiya kuma Mataimakin Farfesa a Makarantar Harsuna a Jami'ar Melbourne . == Ilimi == Thieberger ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar La Trobe tare da BA Hons . Har ila yau, ya kasance a La Trobe, sannan ya koma Jami'ar Melbourne don kammala digirinsa na PhD a shekara ta 2004 don aikinsa a kan ƙamus na [[Harshen Nafsan|Kudancin Efate (Nafsan)]] , wanda shine ƙamus na farko don nuna amfani da tarin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin tushen misalai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙamus.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thieberger |first=Nicholas |date=1988 |title=Aboriginal language maintenance some issues and strategies |url=http://hdl.handle.net/11343/35427 |access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thieberger |first=Nicholas Augustus |date=2004 |title=Topics in the grammar and documentation of South Efate, an Oceanic language of Central Vanuatu |url=http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39029 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=University of Melbourne}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Thieberger ya taimaka wajen kafa tarihin PARADISEC a 2003 kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin darakta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=PARADISEC about page |url=http://www.paradisec.org.au/about.html |access-date=10 May 2018 |website=PARADISEC |archive-date=4 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604223034/http://www.paradisec.org.au/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance Edita na Rubuce-rubucen Harshe & Tsaro (2011-2021), mujallar ilimi wacce ke mai da hankali kan takardun harshe da kiyayewa. An zabe shi Fellow na Kwalejin Humanities ta Australia a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fellow Profile: Nick Thieberger |url=https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=1130 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=Australian Academy of the Humanities |language=en-AU |archive-date=2024-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804213109/https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=1130 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fi saninsa da bincike kan harsunan 'yan asalin Australiya, kan harshen Kudancin Efate (Nafsan) na [[Vanuatu]], da kuma aikinsa a cikin takardun harshe. Ya kafa [[Wangka Maya]] Cibiyar Harshen Aboriginal na Pilbara a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=A History of Wangka Maya |url=http://www.wangkamaya.org.au/about-wangka-maya/01-history-of-wangka-maya |access-date=10 May 2018}}</ref> [[ASEDA]], Aboriginal Studies Electronic Data Archive, a farkon shekarun 1990, kuma ya kafa Cibiyar Kula da Harshen Harshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=The History of ASEDA |url=http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/aseda/hist/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111051715/http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/aseda/hist/index.html |archive-date=2015-01-11 |access-date=10 May 2018}}</ref> Ya kafa Kaipuleohone, Jami'ar Hawai'i ta harshe na dijital. == Muhimman wallafe-wallafe == [Yawancin waɗannan nassoshi sun[http://www.nthieberger.net/ a nan]] * Barwick, Linda & Nicholas Thieberger. (Abin da ya shafi na 2006) Bayanai masu dorewa daga Digital Fieldwork Sydney: Sydney University Press. * McConvell, Patrick & Nicholas Thieberger. 2001. ''Yanayin harsuna na asali a Ostiraliya - 2001''. Jihar Australia ta Muhalli Jerin Takarda na Fasaha na Biyu (Halitta da Al'adu), Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Tarihi, Canberra. * Sharp, Janet & Nicholas Thieberger. 1992. ''Bilybara: Harsunan Aboriginal na yankin Pilbara'' Port Hedland: Wangka Maya . * Ɗan yi wa ɗan fashi, Nicholas. 1993. ''Littafin Harsunan Aboriginal na WA a kudancin yankin Kimberley'' Canberra: Pacific Linguistics . * Ɗan yi wa ɗan fashi, Nicholas. 2006. A Grammar of South Efate: Wani Harshen Oceanic na Vanuatu Littattafan Rubuce-rubuce na Musamman na Oceanic, No. 33. Honolulu: Jami'ar Hawai'i Press. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 2012. ''Littafin Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Fieldwork'' . Oxford: OUP. * Thieberger, Nicholas & Bill McGregor (ed.).1994. ''Macquarie Aboriginal kalmomi: ƙamus na kalmomin Australian Aboriginal da Torres Strait Islander harsuna'' Sydney: Macquarie Library. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nt9xwyrx0i1h4epajlipc3nd0fck8zc 0 94585 889334 798764 2026-07-30T11:31:57Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mary G. Harris Jones''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1837 (baftisma) - Nuwamba 30, 1930), wacce aka fi sani da '''Uwar Jones''' daga 1897 zuwa gaba, 'yar asalin Ireland ce mai shirya aikin Amurka, tsohon malamin makaranta, kuma mai yin tufafi wanda ya zama fitaccen mai shirya ƙungiyar, mai shirya al'umma, da kuma mai fafutuka. Ta taimaka wajen daidaita manyan yajin aiki, tabbatar da haramtacciyar aikin yara, kuma ta kafa kungiyar kwadago ta Labor, Ma'aikatan Masana'antu na Duniya (IWW). Bayan da mijin Jones da yara huɗu duk sun mutu daga zazzabin rawaya a 1867 kuma an lalata shagon tufafinta a cikin Babban Wutar Chicago ta 1871, ta zama mai shirya Knights of Labor da kungiyar United Mine Workers. A shekara ta 1902, an kira ta "mace mafi haɗari a Amurka" saboda nasarar da ta samu wajen shirya masu [[hakar ma'adinai]] da iyalansu a kan masu hakar. A cikin 1903, don nuna rashin amincewa da aiwatar da dokokin aikin yara a cikin ma'adinan Pennsylvania da ma'adanai na siliki, ta shirya tafiyar yara daga Philadelphia zuwa gidan Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt a New York. == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mother_Jones_Memorial_in_Cork_Ireland.jpg|alt=The Mother Jones Memorial near her birthplace in Cork, Ireland|thumb|Bikin Tunawa da Uwar Jones kusa da inda aka haife ta]] An haifi Mary G. Harris a arewacin Cork, 'yar manoman [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] Richard Harris da Ellen (née Cotter) Harris. Ba a tabbatar da ainihin ranar haihuwarta ba; an yi mata baftisma a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1837.<ref name="plaque">{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2012 |title=Mary Harris Jones |url=http://motherjonescork.com/about |access-date=November 30, 2012 |publisher=Mother Jones Commemorative committee |quote=... This plaque will be erected near the famous Cork Butter Market and will be unveiled on 1st August 2012 which is the 175th Anniversary of her baptism in the North Cathedral [St. Mary's Cathedral] (we have not been able to ascertain her actual date of birth but it would most likely have been a few days before this date). Her parents were Ellen Cotter, a native of [[Inchigeela]] and Richard Harris from Cork city. Few details of her life in Cork have been uncovered to date, though it is thought by some that she was born on Blarney Street and may have attended the North Presentation Schools nearby. She and her family emigrated to Canada soon after the Famine, probably in the early 1850s. ...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mother Jones (1837–1930) |url=http://www.aflcio.org/About/Our-History/Key-People-in-Labor-History/Mother-Jones-1837-1930 |access-date=November 30, 2012 |publisher=[[AFL–CIO]]}}</ref> Harris da iyalinta sun sha wahala daga Babban Yunwa, kamar sauran iyalai da yawa na Irish. Yunwa ta kori iyalai sama da miliyan ɗaya, gami da Harrises, don ƙaura zuwa Arewacin Amurka, kamar yadda dangin Harris suka yi lokacin da Harris ke da shekaru 10. == Shekaru na farko == Mary yarinya ce lokacin da iyalinta suka yi hijira zuwa Kanada. A Kanada (kuma daga baya a Amurka), dangin Harris sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci saboda matsayin baƙi da kuma bangaskiyar Katolika da Al'adun Irish. Mary ta sami ilimi a [[Toronto]] a Makarantar Ma'aikata ta Toronto, wacce ba ta da kyauta har ma ta biya wa kowane dalibi dala daya a kowane mako don kowane semester da aka kammala. Mary ba ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Toronto ba, amma ta sami damar samun isasshen horo don ɗaukar matsayin koyarwa a wani gidan ibada a Monroe, Michigan, a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 1859 tana da shekaru 23. An biya ta dala takwas a kowane wata, amma an bayyana makarantar a matsayin "wurin bakin ciki".{{Sfn|Gorn|2002}} Bayan ta gaji da sana'arta, ta koma farko zuwa [[Chicago]] sannan zuwa [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], inda a 1861 ta auri George E. Jones, memba kuma mai shirya National Union of Iron Moulders, wanda daga baya ya zama International Molders and Foundry Workers Union of North America, wanda ke wakiltar ma'aikatan da suka ƙware a cikin gini da gyaran injunan tururi, ma'adanai, da sauran kayan masana'antu. Da yake la'akari da cewa mijin Maryamu yana samar da isasshen kuɗin shiga don tallafawa iyalin, sai ta canza aikinta zuwa aikin gida. A shekara ta 1867, Jones ta rasa mijinta da 'ya'yansu huɗu, 'yan mata uku da yaro dukansu ba su kai shekara biyar ba, a lokacin annobar zazzabin rawaya a [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]. Bayan wannan asarar, ta koma Chicago don buɗe wani kasuwancin yin tufafi. Ta yi aiki ga membobin babban aji na Chicago a cikin shekarun 1870 da 1880. A shekara ta 1871, shekaru hudu bayan mutuwar iyalinta, Jones ta rasa gidanta, shago, da dukiya a cikin Babban Wutar Chicago ta 1871. Jones, kamar sauran mutane da yawa, ya taimaka wajen sake gina birnin. A cewar tarihin rayuwarta, wannan ya kai ta ga shiga Knights of Labor . {{Sfn|Gorn|2002}} [[Fayil:Mary_Harris_"Mother"_Jones_marker,_Coaldale,_Schuylkill_County,_PA.jpg|thumb|225x225px|Alamar tarihi ta jihar Pennsylvania ga Uwar Jones a Coaldale, Schuylkill County]] Jones ya fara shirya yajin aiki. Da farko yajin aiki da zanga-zangar sun gaza, wani lokacin suna ƙare da harbi na 'yan sanda da kashe masu zanga-zambe. Yawancin mambobin Knights maza ne, kuma a tsakiyar shekarun 1870, lambobin membobin sun tashi zuwa sama da miliyan ɗaya, sun zama babbar ƙungiyar ma'aikata a Amurka. Haymarket Affair na 1886 da tsoron [[anarchism]] da canjin zamantakewa da kungiyoyin kwadago suka haifar da mutuwar Knights of Labor lokacin da wani mutum da ba a san shi ba ya jefa bam a cikin rikici tsakanin 'yan sanda na Chicago da ma'aikatan da ke yajin aiki. Da zarar Knights sun daina wanzuwa, Mary Jones ta shiga cikin United Mine Workers (UMW). Sau da yawa ta jagoranci masu yajin aiki na UMW a cikin zanga-zangar kuma ta ƙarfafa ma'aikatan yajin aiki su ci gaba da yajin aiki lokacin da gudanarwa ta kawo masu yajin aikin da 'yan bindiga. Ta yi imanin cewa "maza masu aiki sun cancanci albashi wanda zai ba mata damar zama a gida don kula da yaransu. " A wannan lokacin, yajin aiki yana samun tsari mafi kyau kuma ya fara samar da sakamako mafi girma, kamar mafi kyawun albashi ga ma'aikata. {{Sfn|Gorn|2002}} [[Fayil:Mother_Jones_1915.jpg|thumb|Jones a New York City Hall a 1915, inda ta halarci sauraron Hukumar Tarayya kan Harkokin Masana'antu]] Tana aiki sosai a matsayin mai shirya da kuma malami a yajin aiki a duk faɗin ƙasar, ta kasance mai shiga tsakani musamman tare da UMW da Jam'iyyar Socialist Party of America . A matsayinta na mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago, ta sami shahara don shirya matan da 'ya'yan ma'aikatan yajin aiki a cikin zanga-zangar a madadin su. Wani lauyan gundumar [[West Virginia]], Reese Blizzard, ya kira ta "mace mafi haɗari a Amurka" a cikin 1902 a lokacin shari'arta don yin watsi da umarnin hana tarurruka ta masu yajin aiki. "Akwai mace mafi haɗari a Amurka", in ji Blizzard. "Ta zo cikin jihar inda zaman lafiya da wadata ke mulki... ya karkatar da yatsa, [kuma] maza dubu ashirin masu gamsuwa sun ajiye kayan aikin su kuma sun fita. "[and] Jones ta rabu da akidar mata da yawa masu gwagwarmaya na zamaninta saboda rashin sadaukarwarta ga dalilin 'yancin mata. An nakalto ta tana cewa "ba ku buƙatar kuri'a don tayar da jahannama!" Ta yi adawa da yawancin masu gwagwarmaya saboda ta yi imanin cewa ya fi muhimmanci a ba da shawara ga ma'aikata fiye da ba da shawara don mata. Lokacin da wasu 'yan adawa suka zarge ta da kasancewa mai adawa da' yancin mata, sai ta amsa, "Ba ni da wani abu da ke kawo 'yanci ga ajin na". An san Jones a matsayin mai magana mai ban sha'awa da tasiri a duk lokacin da ta yi aiki. Lokaci-lokaci za ta haɗa da kayan ado, kayan taimako na gani, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jawabinta. Magana ta yawanci ta haɗa da labarin wasu labaran sirri inda ta "nuni" wani nau'i na iko ko wani. An ruwaito cewa Uwar Jones ta yi magana a cikin wani sauti mai daɗi wanda ya yi kyau. Lokacin da ta yi farin ciki, muryarta ta sauka.{{Sfn|Gorn|2002}} Lokacin da ta kai shekaru 60, Jones ta ɗauki halin "Mother Jones" ta hanyar da'awar cewa ta fi ta tsufa, tana sanye da rigunan baƙar fata, kuma tana magana ne game da ma'aikatan maza da ta taimaka a matsayin "yara maza. " Magana ta farko game da ita a bugawa a matsayin ''Uwar Jones'' ta kasance a cikin 1897. == "Maris na Yaran Niƙa" == A cikin 1901, ma'aikata a masana'antun siliki na Pennsylvania sun shiga yajin aiki. Da yawa daga cikinsu 'yan mata ne da ke neman a biya su albashin manya. Ƙididdigar 1900 ta nuna cewa kashi ɗaya cikin shida na yara na Amurka da ba su kai shekara goma sha shida ba suna aiki. John Mitchell, shugaban UMWA, ya kawo Uwar Jones zuwa arewa maso gabashin Pennsylvania a cikin watan Fabrairu da Satumba don ƙarfafa hadin kai tsakanin ma'aikatan yajin aiki. Don yin haka, ta ƙarfafa matan ma'aikata su shirya cikin rukuni wanda zai yi amfani da takalma, ya buge kan kwanon rufi, kuma ya yi ihu "suna shiga ƙungiyar!" Ta ji cewa mata suna da muhimmiyar rawa da za su taka a matsayin masu kula da masu motsawa ga maza masu yajin aiki, amma ba a matsayin abokan aiki ba. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa ana satar 'yan mata da ke aiki a cikin ma'adinai kuma ana lalata su. Ta ji cewa masu arziki suna hana wadannan yara damar zuwa makaranta don su iya biyan kuɗin karatun kolejin yara. Don tilasta hadin kan ma'aikata, Jones ta yi tafiya zuwa ma'adinan siliki a [[New Jersey]] kuma ta koma Pennsylvania don bayar da rahoton cewa yanayin da ta lura a can ya fi kyau. Ta bayyana cewa "an fi aiwatar da dokar aikin yara ga abu daya kuma akwai maza da yawa a aiki fiye da yadda aka gani a cikin ma'adinai a nan. " A mayar da martani ga yajin aikin, masu ma'adinin sun yi iƙirarin cewa idan ma'aikatan suka nace kan ma'aunin albashi, ba za su iya yin kasuwanci ba yayin biyan albashi na manya kuma za a tilasta su rufe. Jones ya ƙarfafa ma'aikata su yarda da sasantawa. Kodayake ta amince da yarjejeniyar da ta tura 'yan mata zuwa ma'adinai, ta ci gaba da yin yaƙi da aikin yara har tsawon rayuwarta. A cikin 1903, Jones ta shirya yara da ke aiki a cikin ma'adinai da ma'adanai don shiga cikin sanannen "Maris na Mill Children", tafiya mai nisan kilomita 125 daga Kensington, Philadelphia, zuwa gidan bazara (da White House) na Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt a Long Island (a Oyster Bay, New York). Suna da banners suna buƙatar "Muna so mu je makaranta ba ma'adinai ba!" kuma suna gudanar da rallies kowane dare a cikin sabon gari a kan hanya tare da kiɗa, wasan kwaikwayo, da jawabai da ke jawo dubban 'yan ƙasa.<ref> name="PAHistory">{{Cite web |title=Mother Jones leading a protest, circa 1903 |url=http://explorepahistory.com/displayimage.php?imgId=1-2-10BC |access-date=November 30, 2015 |website=Explore PA History}}</ref><ref> name="LaborHistory">{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2012 |title=Today in labor history: Mother Jones leads march of miners' children |url=http://peoplesworld.org/today-in-labor-history-mother-jones-leads-march-of-miners-children/ |access-date=November 30, 2015 |website=People's World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mother Jones: The Woman |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/05/mother-jones-woman/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-17 |title=Mother Jones' "Children's Crusade" returns to Philadelphia |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/TODAY-IN-PHILADELPHIA-HISTORY/Mother-Jones-.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805155115/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/TODAY-IN-PHILADELPHIA-HISTORY/Mother-Jones-.html |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Inquirer}}</ref> Kamar yadda Uwar Jones ta lura, yawancin yara a hedikwatar ƙungiyar sun rasa yatsunsu kuma suna da wasu nakasa, kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta sami tallace-tallace na jarida game da mummunan yanayin da yara ke aiki a Pennsylvania suka fuskanta. Koyaya, masu mallakar ma'adinai suna riƙe da hannun jari a yawancin jaridu. Lokacin da 'yan jarida suka sanar da ita cewa ba za su iya buga gaskiyar game da aikin yara ba saboda wannan, sai ta ce "To, ina da kaya a cikin waɗannan kananan yara kuma zan shirya ɗan tallace-tallace. " Sakatarensa ya ki amincewa da izinin ganin Shugaba Roosevelt, kuma an ba da shawarar cewa Jones ya aika da wasika ga shugaban yana neman ziyara tare da shi. Uwar Jones ta rubuta wasika tana neman ganawa, amma ba ta sami amsar ba. Kodayake shugaban ya ki ganawa da masu zanga-zangar, lamarin ya kawo batun aikin yara a kan gaba a ajandar jama'a. Littafin da ba na almara ba ne na 2003 Kids on Strike! ya bayyana Crusade na Yara na Jones dalla-dalla. == Gwagwarmaya da tuhumar aikata laifuka == A lokacin yajin aikin Paint Creek-Cabin Creek na 1912 a West Virginia, Mary Jones ta isa a watan Yunin 1912, tana magana da shirya duk da yakin harbi tsakanin mambobin United Mine Workers da sojojin masu zaman kansu na masu mallakar ma'adinai. An ayyana Dokar Soja a yankin kuma an soke shi sau biyu kafin a kama Jones a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1913, kuma a kawo shi gaban kotun soja. An zarge ta da yin makirci don aikata kisan kai da sauran zarge-zarge, ta ki amincewa da halattaccen Kotun Soja. An yanke mata hukuncin shekaru ashirin a gidan yarin jihar. A lokacin da aka kama ta a gidan Mrs. Carney, ta sami mummunar cutar huhu.<ref name="LaborHistory">{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2012 |title=Today in labor history: Mother Jones leads march of miners' children |url=http://peoplesworld.org/today-in-labor-history-mother-jones-leads-march-of-miners-children/ |access-date=November 30, 2015 |website=People's World}}</ref> An saki Jones bayan kwanaki 85 na ɗaurin, kuma an sake ta daidai da Sanata na Indiana John W. Kern na fara binciken Majalisar Dattijai game da yanayin da ke cikin ma'adinan kwal. Mary Lee Settle ta bayyana Jones a wannan lokacin a cikin littafinta na 1978 The ''Scapegoat'' . Bayan watanni da yawa, ta taimaka wajen shirya masu hakar kwal a Colorado a cikin yajin aikin United Mine Workers of America na 1913-14 a kan kamfanin Rockefeller na Colorado Fuel and Iron, a cikin abin da aka sani da Colorado Coalfield War . An sake kama ta, tana yin aiki a kurkuku da kuma cikin Asibitin San Rafael, kuma an raka ta daga jihar a cikin watanni kafin Kisan kiyashi na Ludlow . Bayan kisan kiyashi, an gayyace ta don saduwa da mai mallakar ma'adinin Ludlow, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Taron ya kasance wani bangare ne na ziyarar Rockefellers ta 1915 zuwa ma'adinan Colorado da kuma gabatar da sauye-sauyen da ake nema. A shekara ta 1917, Uwar Jones ta taka rawar gani a cikin yajin aikin Bloomington Streetcar . <ref name="jones">{{Cite web |title=Bloomington 1917 Strike |url=https://www.motherjonesmuseum.org/bloomington-1917-strike |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=Mother Jones Museum |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:President_Calvin_Coolidge_and_"Mother"_Jones,_half-length,_standing_outdoors._LCCN2002697224.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Jones tare da Shugaba Calvin Coolidge, 1924]] Uwar Jones ta yi ƙoƙari ta dakatar da masu hakar ma'adinai daga tafiya zuwa Logan County, West Virginia, a ƙarshen watan Agusta 1921. Mahaifiyar Jones ita ma ta ziyarci gwamnan kuma ta tafi da tabbacin cewa zai shiga tsakani. Jones ya yi tsayayya da tafiyar da makamai, ya bayyana a kan layin tafiyar kuma ya gaya musu su koma gida. A hannunta, ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana da sakon waya daga Shugaba Warren Harding yana ba da gudummawa don yin aiki don kawo ƙarshen 'yan sanda masu zaman kansu a West Virginia idan sun koma gida. Lokacin da shugaban UMW Frank Keeney ya bukaci ganin sakon, Uwargidan Jones ta ki kuma ya zarge ta da 'ƙaryaci'. Saboda ta ki nuna wa kowa sakon, kuma sakataren shugaban kasa ya musanta cewa ta taba aikawa da shi, an zarge ta da ƙirƙiri labarin. Bayan ta tsere daga sansanin, an ruwaito cewa ta sha wahala daga ciwon jijiya. == Shekaru na baya == [[Fayil:Mother_Jones_02.jpg|right|thumb|An zargi Jones a filin Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka a matsayin "kakar dukkan masu tayar da kayar baya".]] Jones ta kasance mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago ga UMW a cikin shekarun 1920 kuma ta ci gaba da magana game da al'amuran ƙungiyar kusan har sai da ta mutu. Ta fitar da labarinta game da abubuwan da ta samu a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata a matsayin The Autobiography of Mother Jones (1925). Kodayake Uwar Jones ta shirya shekaru da yawa a madadin UMWA a Yammacin Virginia har ma ta yi tir da jihar a matsayin 'na zamani', babi na wannan sunan a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, galibi tana yaba da Gwamna Ephraim F. Morgan don kare 'yancin Kwaskwarimar Farko na littafin aiki na mako-mako The Federationist don bugawa. Rashin amincewa da bukatar masu mallakar ma'adinai na hana takarda ya nuna wa Uwar Jones cewa ya 'ki bin buƙatun manyan kudade. Ga mutumin irin wannan, ina so in girmama ni'. A cikin shekarunta na baya, Jones ta zauna tare da abokanta [[Adelphi, Maryland]]">Walter da Lillie May Burgess a gonarsu a yanzu Adelphi, Maryland. Ta yi bikin cika shekaru 100 da haihuwa a can a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1930, kuma an yi fim dinta tana yin sanarwa don fim din labarai. == Mutuwa == Mary Harris Jones ta mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1930, a gonar Burgess, sannan a Silver Spring, Maryland, yanzu wani ɓangare na Adelphi.<ref name="sidebar">{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2019 |title=Mother Jones in Suburban Maryland: Folklore and History |url=https://blog.historian4hire.net/2019/01/03/mother-jones/ |access-date=May 30, 2021 |website=Historian 4 Hire}}</ref> An yi Mass na jana'izar a Cocin Katolika na St. Gabriel a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. [[Fayil:Mother_Jones_funeral.jpg|thumb|260x260px|jana'izar Uwar Jones, Disamba 3, 1930]] An binne Jones a cikin makabartar Union Miners a Dutsen Olive, Illinois, tare da masu hakar ma'adinai da suka mutu a yakin Virden na 1898. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Biggers |first=Jeff |title=Battle of Virden |url=https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/battle-of-virden/ |access-date=July 8, 2019 |website=Zinn Education Project }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta kira wadannan masu hakar ma'adinai, wadanda aka kashe a tashin hankalin da ya shafi yajin aikin, "'ya'yanta." <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States Department of Labor – Labor Hall of Fame: Mary Harris "Mother" Jones |url=http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/laborhall/1992_jones.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217010105/http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/laborhall/1992_jones.htm |archive-date=February 17, 2011 |access-date=September 6, 2010 |publisher=Dol.gov}}</ref> A cikin 1932, kimanin ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai 15,000 na Illinois sun taru a Dutsen Zaitun don nuna adawa da Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai na United, wanda nan da nan ya zama Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai na Ci gaba na Amurka. Da yake sun tabbata cewa sun aikata cikin ruhun Uwar Jones, masu hakar ma’adinan sun yanke shawarar sanya dutsen da ya dace a kan kabarinta. A shekara ta 1936, masu hakar ma'adinai sun adana fiye da dala 16,000 kuma sun sami damar siyan "ton tamanin na granite ruwan hoda na [[Minnesota]], tare da tagulla na tagulla na masu hakar ma'adinai biyu da ke gefen shinge na ƙafa ashirin da ke nuna bas-relief na Mother Jones a cibiyarsa." {{Sfn|Gorn|2002}} A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 1936, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar Ma'adinai, kimanin mutane 50,000 sun isa kabarin Mother Jones don ganin sabon dutsen kabari da abin tunawa. Tun daga nan, Oktoba 11 ba kawai aka sani da ranar Miners' Day ba amma kuma ana magana da shi kuma ana yin bikin a Dutsen Zaitun a matsayin "Ranar Uwar Jones."{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2019}} == Kyauta == A cikin 1930, Uwar Jones ta ce kamar haka game da gadonta: "An dauke ni Bolshevik, da Red da I.W.W., da kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma na yarda cewa duk abin da suka caje ni. Ni wani abu ne da zai canza wayewar da ta fi girma zuwa wayewar da za ta fi girma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Kuma ina fatan ganin ranar da ma'aikata za su sami makomar al'umma a hannunta, kuma za ta tsaya a matsayin karfi, kuma ta nuna wa duniya abin da ma'aikatan za su iya yi. Uwar Jones ta kasance sanannen alama ga ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Amurka bayan mutuwarta kuma ta kasance muhimmiyar alama ce ga ikon aikin da aka tsara tsakanin masu fafutuka da masu shirya, a Amurka da duniya. [[Fayil:Workers_Memorial_Day_poster.jpg|thumb|Hoton Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Amurka, 2010]] [[Fayil:Mother_Jones_and_Martyrs_of_the_Progressive_Miners_of_America_Monument,_Mount_Olive,_Illinois.jpg|thumb|Wurin binnewar Uwar Jones a Kabari na Union Miners a Dutsen Olive, Illinois]] * Har yanzu magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna kiran kalmomin Jones fiye da ƙarni guda daga baya: "Addu'a ga matattu kuma yi yaƙi kamar jahannama ga masu rai. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Quotations from Mother Jones (#2) |url=http://www.poemhunter.com/quotations/famous.asp?people=Mother%20Jones |access-date=October 14, 2011}}</ref> An riga an san ta da "mala'ikan masu hakar ma'adinai" lokacin da aka zarge ta a bene na Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a matsayin "kakar dukkan masu tayar da hankali", ta amsa, "Ina fatan rayuwa tsawon lokaci don zama kakar dukkan masu tayarwa. " * An kafa mujallar Mother Jones a cikin shekarun 1970s kuma da sauri ta zama "mafi girman mujallar sayar da mujallar shekaru goma". * A shekara ta 1984, an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jones, Mary "Mother" Harris |url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/mary-mother-harris-jones/ |website=National Women’s Hall of Fame}}</ref> * A lokacin mummunan Yajin aikin Pittston Coal na 1989-90 a Virginia, West Virginia da [[Kentucky]], matan da 'ya'ya mata na masu hakar kwal, waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar labarun da suka tsira game da aikin Jones a cikin ƙarni na baya na masu hakerun kwal na yankin, sun kira kansu "Daughters of Mother Jones". Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a kan layin zanga-zangar da kuma gabatar da shari'ar masu hakar ma'adinai ga manema labarai da jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Site Unavailable |url=http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/lee3-hold.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309110945/http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/lee3-hold.htm |archive-date=March 9, 2012 |access-date=March 22, 2010 |website=www.ic.arizona.edu}}</ref> * An ba da lambar yabo ta Mother Jones daga 1996 zuwa 2009, duk da cewa ta tsallake wasu shekaru, ta hanyar Shirin Tarihin Mata masu aiki da wanda ya riga shi, Shirin Tarihi na Mata da Ayyuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mother Jones Award |url=https://wwhpchicago.org/phone/mother-jones-award.html |website=wwhpchicago.org |access-date=2025-02-28 |archive-date=2023-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330044707/https://wwhpchicago.org/phone/mother-jones-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Don ya dace da [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2010 wani shiri daga Councillor Ted Tynan don a kafa takarda a cikin Mary Harris Jones ta Cork City an zartar da shi ta Majalisar Birnin Cork.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minutes of Ordinary Meeting of Cork City Council |url=http://www.corkcity.ie/ourservices/corporateaffairs/minutesofordinarymeetings/Mins%20Council%20Meeting%2026%2004%2010.pdf |access-date=September 6, 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Membobin Kwamitin Tunawa da Uwar Jones na Cork sun bayyana tambarin a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 2012 don yin bikin cika shekaru 175 da haihuwarta. An kuma gudanar da bikin Cork Mother Jones a shekarar 2012 a yankin Shandon na birnin, kusa da wurin haihuwarta, tare da masu magana da baƙi da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mother Jones Remembered |url=http://motherjones175.wordpress.com |access-date=March 17, 2012}}</ref> Bikin yanzu yana faruwa a kowace shekara a kusa da ranar tunawa kuma ya haifar da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da gadon Uwar Jones da alaƙa tsakanin masu sha'awar Ireland da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2014 |title=Mother Jones festival begins today! |url=http://motherjonescork.com/2014/07/29/mother-jones-festival-begins-today/}}</ref> Wani sabon shirin, Mother Jones and Her Children, an samar da shi ne ta hanyar Cork-based Frameworks Films kuma an fara shi a bikin Cork a shekarar 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Participate, Challenge, Community…Through Film |url=http://frameworksfilms.com/ |website=frameworksfilms.com}}</ref> * A cikin 2019, an shigar da Uwar Jones cikin Hall of Fame na Ma'adinai na Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 National Mining Hall of Fame Inductees |url=https://mininghalloffame.org/news-item/2019-national-mining-hall-fame-inductees |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512124504/https://mininghalloffame.org/news-item/2019-national-mining-hall-fame-inductees |archive-date=May 12, 2020 |access-date=April 2, 2020}}</ref> * Makarantar Firamare ta Mary Harris "Mother" Jones ta wanzu a Adelphi, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information |url=http://www1.pgcps.org/maryharrismotherjones |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719081351/http://www1.pgcps.org/maryharrismotherjones/ |archive-date=July 19, 2013 |access-date=March 22, 2010 |website=www1.pgcps.org}}</ref> * Dalibai a Jami'ar Jesuit ta Wheeling, Wheeling, West Virginia, na iya neman zama a Gidan Uwar Jones, gidan sabis na waje. Mazauna suna yin akalla sa'o'i goma na hidimar al'umma a kowane mako kuma suna shiga cikin abincin dare da abubuwan da suka faru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheeling University |url=https://wheeling.edu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203033714/http://www.wju.edu/campusministry/justice.asp |archive-date=February 3, 2013 |website=Wheeling University}}</ref> * Jam'iyyar West Virginia ce ke tunawa da ɗaurin "Uwar" Jones ta hanyar alamar Hanyar Tarihi. Yankin Al'adu da Tarihi na Yammacin Virginia ne ya yi alamar. Alamar ta karanta, "PRATT. Da farko ta zauna a farkon shekarun 1780 kuma an kafa ta a cikin 1905. Muhimmin wuri a cikin 1912-13 Paint-Cabin Creek Strike. Mai shirya aikin 'Mother Jones' ta kwashe ranar haihuwarta ta 84 a kurkuku a nan. Gundumar Tarihi ta Pratt, da aka jera a cikin National Register a cikin 1984, ta fahimci muhimmin gine-ginen zama na garin daga farkon [[shuka]] zuwa Victorian Styles. " Alamar tana cikin garin Pratt, dama da West Virginia 61. === Kiɗa da sauran fasaha === * A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1925, Gene Autry ya rubuta waƙar [[W.C. Callaway]] "The Death Of Mother Jones". * Akwai wani labari cewa a cikin The American Songbag (1927), Carl Sandburg ya ba da shawarar cewa "ta" a cikin "Za ta zo 'Round the Mountain" tana ambaton Uwar Jones da tafiye-tafiyenta zuwa sansanonin hakar kwal na Appalachian da ke inganta hadin gwiwar masu hakar ma'adinai. Koyaya, babu wata magana game da Uwar Jones a cikin The American Songbag . * A cikin littafin Uncle (1964) na J.P. Martin, ana kiran layin jirgin kasa da ake kira Mother Jones's Siding kuma ana jita-jita cewa Mother Jones ce za ta gudanar da shi. * Wasan The Kentucky Cycle: Fire in the Hole (1991) ya nuna Jones a matsayin wani adadi mai ban sha'awa daya daga cikin sauran haruffa da aka sani kuma an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar zuwa ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi a wasu garuruwan kwal. * "Matar da ta fi haɗari," aikin magana da aka yi ta hanyar mawaƙa / mai yin magana Utah Phillips tare da kiɗa da muryoyin goyon baya da aka kara da shi ta hanyar mai zane-zane Ani Difranco, ana iya samun su a cikin kundin haɗin gwiwar su Fellow Workers (1999). Taken yana nufin sunan da Lauyan Gundumar West Virginia [[Reese Blizzard]] ya ba wa Uwar Jones, yana magana da ita a matsayin "mace mafi haɗari a Amurka". Phillips ya yi waƙar "The Charge on Mother Jones. " [[William M. Rogers]] ne ya rubuta wannan waƙar gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spiegel |first=Max |title=The Charge on Mother Jones |url=http://www.mudcat.org/@displaysong.cfm?SongID=6037 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205005402/http://www.mudcat.org/@displaysong.cfm?SongID=6037 |archive-date=February 5, 2016 |access-date=April 30, 2012}}</ref> * Waƙar taken duo mai suna Wishing Chair da kundin [[Kara Barnard]] na 2002 Dishpan Brigade game da Jones da rawar da ta taka a yajin aikin ma'adinai na 1899-1900 a Arnot, Pennsylvania. <ref>{{Cite web |title=♫ Dishpan Brigade – Wishing Chair and Kara Barnard. Listen @cdbaby |url=http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/wishchair5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Blossburg: William Bauchop Wilson: United Mine Workers of America |url=http://www.blossburg.org/wb_wilson/thestory_4.htm |website=www.blossburg.org}}</ref> * Jones ita ce "mace" a cikin waƙar Tom Russell "Mafi Dangerous Woman in America," wani sharhi game da matsalolin masu hakar ma'adinai da suka bayyana a cikin kundin sa na 2009 Blood and Candle Smoke on the Shout! Ka yi ihu! Alamar Masana'antu. * "The Spirit of Mother Jones" waƙa ce a cikin kundin Abocurragh na 2010 ta mawaƙin Irish Andy Irvine . * Wasan ''Ba zai iya tsoratar da ni ba...Labarin Uwar Jones'' an rubuta shi kuma an yi shi ne ta hanyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, da farfesa Kaiulani Lee. An fara shi ne a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Atlas a Washington, DC a cikin 2011, kuma Lee ya ɗauki wasan kwaikwayon a kan yawon shakatawa tare da Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai na United a fadin Colorado da kuma yawon shakata a Ireland, Bangladesh, da Cambodia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Can't Scare Me |url=http://www.kaiulanilee.com/cant-scare-me.html |website=Kaiulani Lee |access-date=2025-02-28 |archive-date=2021-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803201827/http://www.kaiulanilee.com/cant-scare-me.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Uwar Jones da Crusade na Yara, wani kiɗa wanda ya danganci aikinta a Pennsylvania, an fara shi a watan Yulin 2014 a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin wasan kwaikwayo na New York a NYC. Wasan ya fito da Robin de Jesus da Lynne Wintersteller . <ref>{{Cite web |title=New York Musical Festival :: 2014 Events |url=http://nymf.org/tickets/2014-events/motherjonesandthechildrenscrusade/ |website=nymf.org |access-date=2025-02-28 |archive-date=2023-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510100513/http://nymf.org/tickets/2014-events/motherjonesandthechildrenscrusade/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Nasara a Arnot'' aiki ne ga ƙungiyar ɗaki da mai ba da labari ta mawaƙa Eleanor Aversa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=eleanoraversa.com/performances |url=http://eleanoraversa.com/performances |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816125814/http://eleanoraversa.com/performances/ |archive-date=August 16, 2018 |access-date=August 15, 2018}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda Uwar Jones ta taimaka tare da yajin aikin ma'aikatan kwal a 1899-1900 a Arnot, Pennsylvania. An fara wasan ne a Philadelphia a shekarar 2016 kuma wasan kwaikwayon ya biyo baya a Boston.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2018 |title='Victory at Arnot' – where Mother Jones and her 'pot-and-pan brigade won the day for the miners |url=https://www.bostonirish.com/around-town/2018/%E2%80%98victory-arnot%E2%80%99-%E2%80%93-where-mother-jones-and-her-%E2%80%98pot-and-pan-brigade-won-day |website=Boston Irish}}</ref> * The Trial of Mother Jones, wasan kwaikwayo na Roger Holzberg, an fara shi a Oxnard, California, a cikin 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabinowitz |first=Chloe |date=December 7, 2023 |title=The Elite Theatre Company To Present THE TRIAL OF MOTHER JONES This Winter |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/los-angeles/article/The-Elite-Theatre-Company-To-Present-THE-TRIAL-OF-MOTHER-JONES-20231207 |website=Broadwayworld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lorraine |first=Shirley |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Elite Spotlights Hidden History |url=https://venturabreeze.com/2024/01/24/vol-17-no-09-jan-24-feb-6-2024-a-view-from-house-seats/ |website=Ventura Breeze |access-date=February 28, 2025 |archive-date=March 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325130900/https://venturabreeze.com/2024/01/24/vol-17-no-09-jan-24-feb-6-2024-a-view-from-house-seats/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] py7sn8q8krbvmag1ltt3fw6gzm12cvi 0 94947 888936 689876 2026-07-29T13:10:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nice Nailantei Leng'ete''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1991) yar fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ce [[Kenya|ta kasar Kenya]], mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan mata a [[Afirka|nahiyar Afirka]] (ARP) da kuma fafutukar kawo karshen yi wa mata kaciya (FGM). A cikin aikinta da Amref Health Africa, Leng'ete ta ceci kimanin 'yan mata 17,000 daga yin kaciya da kuma auren yara da yawa. Mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' ta nada ta a shekarar 2018 a matsayin [[Time 100|daya daga cikin mutane 100 masu tasiri a duniya]] . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nice Nailantei Leng'ete a cikin 1991 a ƙauyen Kimana a ƙasar [[Mutanen Maasai|Maasai]], [[Kenya]] . Ta kasance marayu lokacin da iyayenta biyu suka mutu a 1997 da 1998. Ta yi shekarunta na farko tana ƙaura zuwa gidaje daban-daban a ƙauyenta. Sa’ad da ta kai shekara takwas, aka tura ta zuwa makarantar kwana. A nan ne ta gano cewa ba a buƙatar "yanke", wani al'ada ga 'yan mata masu canzawa zuwa mace a cikin al'adunta na Maasai. <ref name="Nofi french">{{Cite web |last=Capo Chici |first=Sandro |date=31 October 2016 |title=Nice Nailantei Leng'ete, champion of the fight against excision |url=https://nofi.fr/2016/10/nice-nailantei-lengete-championne-de-lutte-contre-lexcision/31706 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703162915/https://nofi.fr/2016/10/nice-nailantei-lengete-championne-de-lutte-contre-lexcision/31706 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |access-date=28 August 2018 |website=Nofi}}</ref> {{Blockquote|Tun lokacin da nake girma, ina halartar bukukuwan kaciya kuma ina ganin yadda mutane ke shan wahala. Dukkan 'yan mata daga garinmu, bayan an yi musu kaciya, dole su daina zuwa makaranta, a aurar da su ga dattawan da ba su zaɓa ba—mutanen da ba su so. Waɗannan 'yan mata shekarunsu 10 ko 12 ne kawai. Har yanzu yara ne. Amma ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin mata saboda an yi musu kaciya. Amma fa har yanzu yara ne. Bayan ganin wannan wahala duka, sai na fahimci cewa wannan abu ne da ba zan so a yi mini ba. Na san cewa ba zan iya komawa makarantar kwana ba [wacce ke nisan awa guda]. Za a aurar da ni, kuma hakan zai zama karshena. "}} Lokacin da take da shekaru takwas, lokacin da lokacinta ya zo don yin "yanke", Leng'ete ta yanke shawarar guduwa, tana ƙarfafa 'yar'uwarta ta zo tare da ita. A cikin daji suka bi ta cikin daji zuwa gidan kawarsu — mai nisan kilomita 70, don gudun kada a gansu a hanya. Kawun Leng'ete da mutanen ƙauyen nan da nan suka gano inda ita da 'yar uwarta suke boye. Da suka zo neman ’yan matan, sai suka yi musu bulala da yi musu barazana. A shekara ta gaba, lokacin da aka shirya 'yan matan ƙauye don bikin, Leng'ete' ta sake gudu, amma ta kasa rinjayar 'yar'uwarta ta shiga cikinta. [1] Lokacin da aka dawo da ita ƙauyen, Leng'ete ta yi kira ga kakanta. Ta gaya masa cewa za ta gudu har abada kuma ta zauna a kan titi maimakon ta jure ana "yanke". Kakan nata ya hakura, ya yarda ya bar ta ta daina al'adar gargajiya, sannan ya ba ta damar komawa makaranta. Kauyen sun kyamaci Leng'ete a matsayin misali mara kyau da kuma wanda ya kunyata danginta da al'ummarta. == Farkon gwagwarmaya == Leng'ete ita ce yarinya ta farko da ta fara zuwa makarantar sakandare a kauyensu. An fara ganin ta a kauyensu a matsayin abin zaburarwa ga ’yan mata da mata. Daga baya, za ta boye ’yan matan da suka nemi taimakonta don gujewa “yanke”, matakin da ya sanya ta zama maras kyau a cikin al’ummarta. Leng'ete ta ci gaba da ba da shawarwari ga 'yan matan tare da karfafa wa mazauna kauyen gwiwa su tattauna batun mai mahimmanci da mahimmanci. [[Fayil:Massai-group_and_Village.jpg|left|thumb| [[Mutanen Maasai|Masai]] kauye, 2013]] A cikin al'adar Maasai, mata ba su da damar yin magana da dattawan gari. Amma lokacin da Leng’ete ta halarci ajin ilimin lafiyar jima’i da Amref Health Africa ta shirya, ta nemi izinin dattawan gari don ta raba abin da ta koya da al’umma. Dattawan sun amince da ita, amma sun ce ta yi magana ne kawai da matasan maza na gari. Duk da haka, babu wanda ya nuna sha’awar sauraron ta. "Babu wata yarinya da ta taba samun karfin gwiwar kalubalantar al’ada da kuma maza," in ji Douglas Meritei, daya daga cikin matasan. Leng’ete ba ta karaya ba; ta ci gaba da kokarin tattaunawa da matasan tsawon shekaru biyu. A karshe, dattawan gari sun umurci matasan da su zauna su saurare ta, amma uku kacal suka amince su yi magana da ita. Bayan kusan shekaru huɗu suna tattaunawa, dattawan ƙauyen sun yanke shawarar yin watsi da yanke. "Ta rinjayi mazan, da su kauye, cewa kowa zai sami koshin lafiya da wadata idan 'yan mata suka zauna a makaranta, sun yi aure daga baya kuma suka haihu ba tare da matsala ba. Saboda ba da shawararta, Leng'ete ita ce mace ta farko a ƙauyenta da aka ba wa Black Walking Stick, wanda ke nuna jagoranci, girmamawa da iko a cikin al'ummarta. == Sana'ar gwagwarmaya == A cikin 2013, Leng'ete ta yi magana a Clinton Global Initiative (CGI) a [[New York (birni)|New York]] game da kamfen ɗinta na dakatar da FGM. Ta kuma ba da TEDx Talk a [[Holand|Netherlands]] game da haƙƙin lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa. A shekarar 2014, dattawan Maasai, wadanda ke mulkin sama da mutane miliyan 1.5, sun bayyana kawo karshen yankan al’ada (FGM). Saboda kokarin da Leng’ete ta yi, ‘yan mata a cikin al’ummar Maasai suna zama mata ba tare da an yi musu yankan al’ada ba, suna ci gaba da karatunsu maimakon yin aure da wuri da haihuwar yara alhali su kansu har yanzu yara ne. Tun daga 2014, Leng’ete tana aiki a matsayin jami’ar kula da ayyuka a karkashin shirin Alternative Rite of Passage (ARP) na Amref Health Africa a Kenya. Ta ke jagorantar shirin wayar da kai wanda ke yawo daga gari zuwa gari don shawo kan dattawa da shugabannin al’umma su bar ‘yan mata su guji “yankan al’ada” su ci gaba da karatu. "Aikin Leng’ete a matsayin jami’a tare da Amref Health Africa ya ceci akalla ‘yan mata 15,000 daga yankan al’ada da kuma auren wuri." Leng'ete ya ci gaba da aiki tare da Amref Health Africa don ilimantar da matasa game da lafiyar jima'i da haifuwa da haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin jima'i da haifuwa. “Duk da cewa Kenya ta haramta yanke hukuncin a shekarar 2011 kuma mutanen Maasai sun yi watsi da shi a shekarar 2014, amma dokar tana da wahala a aiwatar da ita, musamman a yankunan karkara. Ayyukan Leng'ete na da mahimmanci wajen yada sako game da FGM. "Muna buƙatar samun ƙarin shugabannin siyasa, ƙarin dattawa, ƙarin mata, ƙarin maza, ƙarin maza, ƙarin 'yan mata, ƙarin masu kaciya," in ji Leng'ete. "Muna buƙatar isa ga mutane da yawa ta hanyar tattaunawa tsakanin al'umma da aiki tare." <ref name="Yahoo Lifestyle">{{Cite web |last=Sheppard |first=Elena |date=25 July 2018 |title=This 27-year-old Maasai woman helped 15,000 girls escape 'the cut' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/27-year-old-massai-woman-helped-15000-girls-escape-cut-183433260.html |access-date=30 August 2018 |website=Yahoo Lifestyle}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSheppard2018">Sheppard, Elena (25 July 2018). </cite></ref> Leng'ete ta kasance wadda ta samu lambobin yabo da dama tun daga shekarar 2015 saboda aikin da take yi na dakatar da FGM. ''Mujallar Time'' ta ba ta suna ɗaya daga cikin 100 Mafi Tasirin Mutane na 2018 don aikinta tare da al'ummomin Maasai a Kenya don kawo ƙarshen aikin FGM. Ita ce marubuciyar littafin tarihin rayuwarta mai suna The Girls in the Wild Fig Tree: How I Fought to Save Myself, My Sister, and Thousands of Girls Worldwide, wanda kamfanin Little, Brown and Company ya wallafa a shekarar 2021. == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == * 2015: Kyautar Mace Mai Ƙarfafawa daga Ma'aikatar Juyin Juya Hali ta Kenya <ref name="Amref fellowship" /> * 2016: Wanda ya karɓi kyautar Mandela Washington Fellowship don Shugabannin Matasan Afirka. <ref name="Amref fellowship">{{Cite web |date=23 February 2017 |title=Anti-Fgm Ambassador Selected for the 2016 YALI training |url=https://amref.org/news/fgm-ambassador-selected-for-the-2016-yali-training/ |access-date=30 August 2018 |website=Amref Health Africa |archive-date=31 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002405/https://amref.org/news/fgm-ambassador-selected-for-the-2016-yali-training/ |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://amref.org/news/fgm-ambassador-selected-for-the-2016-yali-training/ "Anti-Fgm Ambassador Selected for the 2016 YALI training"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002405/https://amref.org/news/fgm-ambassador-selected-for-the-2016-yali-training/ |date=2018-08-31 }}. </cite></ref> * 2018: An gane shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin matasa na duniya 300 ta hanyar ''Mata masu bayarwa'' * 2018: An ba da lambar yabo ta Annemarie Madison don jajircewarta na dakatar da FGM. <ref name="Amref fellowship" /> * 2018: Suna ɗaya daga cikin [[Time 100|mutane 100 mafi tasiri a cikin]] ''[[Time (magazine)|mujallar Time Magazine]]'' * 2018: 100 Mafi Tasirin Matasan Kenya - ''Avance Media'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gichovi |first=Murugi |date=4 February 2019 |title=Larry Madowo, Natalie Tewa, Njugush celebrated in the Most Influential Young Kenyans list |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/larry-madowo-natalie-tewa-njugush-celebrated-in-the-most-influential-young-kenyans-list/ |website=The Sauce |access-date=4 March 2025 |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218043759/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/larry-madowo-natalie-tewa-njugush-celebrated-in-the-most-influential-young-kenyans-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2022: ''Laureate'' Freedom from Want Award <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nice Nailantei Leng'ete - Laureate Freedom from Want Award 2022 |url=https://www.fourfreedoms.nl/en/laureaten/nice-nailantei-lengete |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=Roosevelt Four Freedoms |publisher=Roosevelt Foundation}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] knpsh40s3czlwjlvvoc2kh6e7otd4bm 0 96122 888932 618807 2026-07-29T13:09:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 888932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ezra Cornell'''<ref>Lifshitz, Kenneth B. (2017). Makers of the Telegraph: Samuel Morse, Ezra Cornell and Joseph Henry. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Cornell</ref> (Janairu 11, 1807 - Disamba 9, shekarar alif 1874) ya kasance ɗan kasuwa ɗan kasar [[Amurka]], ɗan siyasa, mai koyarwa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Western Union kuma wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar noma ta New York kuma a matsayin Sanatan jihar [[New York]].<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtFAAAAYAAJ&q=cornell</ref> == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Cornell a Westchester Landing a yanzu 1515 Williamsbridge Road a Bronx a birnin New York zuwa Iliya Cornell da Eunice (Barnard), maginin tukwane. Ya girma kusa da DeRuyter, New York. Shi dan uwan Paul Cornell ne, wanda ya kafa unguwar Hyde Park ta [[Chicago]]. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da Ezekiel Cornell, Janar na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali wanda ya wakilci Rhode Island a Majalisar Nahiyar Nahiyar Na Biyu daga 1780 zuwa 1782, kuma ɗan'uwan William Cornell ne na nesa, wanda ya kasance farkon mazaunin Rhode Island.<ref>http://ezramagazine.cornell.edu/Update/March15/EU.Ezra.birthplace.trek.html</ref><ref>Klein, Kate. "Ezra Cornell's birthplace: The epic trek". Retrieved April 11, 2021. The site of Ezra Cornell's 1807 birthplace in what was then Westchester Landing, New York, is now a McDonald's at 1515 Williamsbridge Road in the Bronx</ref> Farkon kakan kakannin Cornell na Amurka, Thomas Cornell (1595-1655), ya kasance Puritan kuma mabiyin Roger Williams da Anne Hutchinson kafin daga bisani ya rungumi Quakerism, bangaskiyar zuriyarsa.<ref>http://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.html/document/csr14-0462</ref> == Aiki == Cornell da farko ya bi aikin kafinta kuma ya zagaya ko'ina cikin jihar New York a cikin wannan sana'a. Lokacin da ya fara kallon Lake Cayuga da Ithaca, New York a cikin bazara na shekarar 1828, ya yanke shawarar cewa Ithaca zai zama gidansa na gaba.<ref>https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/EC-life-2.html</ref> Otis Eddy ya dauki Cornell a matsayin makaniki don yin aiki a injin auduga a Cascadilla Creek. A kan shawarar Eddy, Jeremiah S. Beebe ya ɗauki Cornell hayar don gyarawa da gyaran filastarsa da injin fulawa a Fall Creek. A lokacin doguwar haɗin gwiwar Cornell tare da Beebe, ya tsara kuma ya gina rami don sabon tseren niƙa akan Fall Creek, dam ɗin dutse akan Fall Creek (wanda ya kafa tafkin Beebe), da sabon injin fulawa. A 1832, an sanya Cornell mai kula da duk damuwar Beebe a Fall Creek. A 1831, Cornell ya auri Mary Ann Wood a Dryden, New York. Iyalin matasa da masu girma suna buƙatar samun kuɗin shiga fiye da yadda zai iya samu a matsayin manajan masana'antar Beeebe, don haka Cornell ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka a cikin takardar shaidar sabon nau'in garma kuma ya fara tafiya shekaru da yawa daga Ithaca. Yankunansa na sayar da garma sun haɗa da jihohin Maine da Jojiya. Ya sayar a Maine a lokacin rani da Jojiya mai laushi a cikin hunturu. === Gidan waya === A cikin 1842, Cornell ya faru a cikin ofisoshin Maine Farmer, inda ya ga wani masani, F.O.J. Smith, ya lankwasa kan wasu tsare-tsare don “scraper” kamar yadda Smith ya kira shi. Don ayyukan da aka yi, an ba Smith kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na haƙƙin mallaka na telegraph wanda Samuel Morse ya yi, kuma yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hanyar binne layukan telegraph a ƙasa a cikin bututun gubar. Cornell ya ƙirƙiro wani nau'in garma na musamman wanda zai tono rami mai tsawon ƙafa 6 6 (76 cm), ya shimfiɗa bututu da wayar tarho a cikin rami, sannan ya rufe shi sama. Daga baya an gano cewa natsewar bututun da kuma rashin ingancin wayoyi na hana wutar lantarkin da ke cikin wayoyi, don haka rataya wayar daga igiyoyin telegraph ta zama hanyar da aka amince da ita.<ref>"Charles Ezra Cornell 21 Becomes First Student on Trustee Board"</ref> Cornell ya yi arzikinsa a cikin kasuwancin telegraph a matsayin abokin Samuel Morse. Cornell ya gina kuma ya ɗaure sanduna don layin telegraph na Baltimore-Washington, layin farko na telegraph na abu a cikin Amurka Don magance matsalar ƙarancin layukan telegraph, Cornell ya ƙirƙira ta amfani da insulators na gilashi a wurin da aka haɗa layin telegraph zuwa sanduna masu goyan baya. Bayan shiga tare da Morse, Cornell ya kula da ci gaba da yawancin layin telegraph, ciki har da wani yanki na New York, Albany & Buffalo line a 1846 da Erie da Michigan Telegraph Company, wanda ya haɗa Buffalo zuwa Milwaukee tare da abokansa John James Speed da Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith. Cornell, Speed, da Smith kuma sun gina layin New York da Erie, waɗanda suka yi gogayya da layin New York, Albany da Buffalo wanda Morse ke da babban rabo. An kammala layin a cikin 1849 kuma Cornell ya zama shugaban kamfanin.<ref>"Cornell connection - New York university founder picked up Wisconsin lumber land — on the cheap"</ref> A cikin 1848, 'yar'uwar Cornell, Phoebe, ta auri Martin B. Wood kuma ta koma Albion, Michigan. Cornell ya bai wa Wood aikin gina sabbin layukan kuma ya sanya Phoebe ma'aikacin telegraph, mace ta farko da ke aiki a [[Amurka]].<ref>"Flipped Scrip, Flipping the Script: The Morrill Act of 1862, Cornell University, and the Legacy of Nineteenth-Century Indigenous Dispossession – Cornell University and Indigenous Dispossession Project"</ref> Cornell ya sami babban arziki lokacin da aka haɗa layin Erie da Michigan tare da Hiram Sibley da Kamfanin New York da [[Mississippi]] sun kafa kamfanin Western Union. Cornell ya sami dala miliyan 2 a hannun jari na Western Union. === Majalisar Jihar New York === Cornell dan Republican ne na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York mai wakiltar Tompkins County a 1862 da 1863 kuma memba na Majalisar Dattijan Jihar New York daga 1864 zuwa 1867, inda ya yi aiki a cikin 87th, 88th, 89th, and 90th New York 'Yan Majalisun Dokokin Jihar [[New York]]. === Gidan litattafan kyauta na Cornell === Cornell ya yi ritaya daga Western Union kuma ya mai da hankalinsa ga ayyukan agaji. Ya ba da Laburaren Kyauta na Cornell, ɗakin karatu na farko na jama'a ga 'yan ƙasar Ithaca. An haɗa ɗakin ɗakin karatu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1864, kuma an gabatar da shi ga garin a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1866. Ginin ɗakin karatu na asali ya tsaya a kusurwar Tioga da Seneca Street har sai da aka rushe a 1960. Laburaren ya samo asali a kan lokaci don yin hidima ga gundumar a matsayin gidan littafin al'umma na Tompkins County. Don girmama bikin cika shekaru 150 na kyautarsa, an rataye bangon waje na Laburaren Jama'a na gundumar Tompkins a watan Oktoba, 2016. === Wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell === Mai sha'awar kimiyya da aikin noma na rayuwa, ya ga babbar dama a cikin Ayyukan Morrill Land-Grant na 1862 don samo jami'a da za ta koyar da darussa masu amfani daidai da daidaitattun kayan tarihi waɗanda ƙarin cibiyoyin gargajiya suka fi so. Andrew Dickson White ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da matsayin sabuwar ma'aikata a matsayin jami'ar ba da kyauta ta New York, kuma an kafa Jami'ar Cornell kuma an ba da izini ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsu a 1865. Jami'ar Cornell ta samu mafi girman kuɗaɗen shiga fiye da kwalejojin bayar da ƙasa na farko, galibi daga ma'amalar gidaje da Ezra Cornell ya jagoranta. A karkashin shirin bayar da filaye, gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da takardun kwalejojin, takardun da ke ba da damar zabar wani yanki na fili. Gabaɗaya waɗannan kwalejoji sun sayar da takardunsu. Ezra Cornell, duk da haka, ya riƙe mafi yawan rubutun, yana tsammanin zai ƙara farashin. Ya kuma fanshi wani ɗan guntun takarda don ƙasa mai ban sha'awa ko don haƙƙin katako, gami da dajin pine a Wisconsin. Yayin da kwalejoji na farko na ba da izinin ƙasa suka karɓi kusan rabin dala a kowace kadada, Cornell ya sami matsakaicin sama da dala 5 a kowace kadada a 1905. Saboda waɗannan abubuwan mallakar katako, ana kiran garin Cornell, Wisconsin don Cornell. === Kasuwancin hanyar jirgin kasa da rubuta wasiƙa === Cornell ya shiga kasuwancin layin dogo, amma bai samu nasara ba saboda firgici na 1873. Ya fara gina wani babban gida na Ithaca, Llenroc, wanda sunansa Cornell ya rubuta a baya, don maye gurbin gonarsa, amma ya mutu kafin a kammala shi. Llenroc ya kasance magadan Cornell ya kula da shi shekaru da yawa har sai an sayar da shi ga sashin Jami'ar Cornell na Delta Phi fraternity, wanda ya mamaye shi har yau; Forest Park, gidan gona na Cornell, an sayar da shi ga Jami'ar Cornell ta Delta Tau Delta fraternity babin amma daga baya aka rushe. Babban marubucin wasiƙa, Cornell ya yi daidai da mutane da yawa kuma zai rubuta wasiƙu da yawa kowane mako. Hakan ya faru ne saboda tafiye-tafiyen da ya yi da kuma ’yan kasuwa da yawa da ya rike a tsawon shekarunsa na dan kasuwa da kuma daga baya a matsayinsa na dan siyasa kuma wanda ya kafa jami’a. Jami'ar Cornell ta sanya kusan haruffa 30,000 a cikin Cornell Correspondence yana samuwa akan layi. == Rayuwar iyali\sirri == Ezra Cornell ya kasance ɗan Haihuwa Quaker, amma daga baya Ƙungiyar Abokai ta ƙi yin aure ba tare da bangaskiya ba ga "matar duniya", Mary Ann Wood, Methodist, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1831. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1832, Cornell ya rubuta martani mai zuwa game da korarsa daga Ƙungiyar Abokai saboda aurensa: "Na yi la'akari da cewa zabar aboki don rayuwa abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma farin ciki ko damuwa a wannan rayuwa ya dogara ne akan zabi." Ya mutu a 1874. Cornell yana shiga cikin Sage Chapel a harabar Cornell tare da Daniel Willard Fiske da Jennie McGraw. An binne Cornell da farko a makabartar Ithaca City a Ithaca sannan daga baya ya koma Sage Chapel.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fheq.2019.31</ref> Babban ɗansa, Alonzo B. Cornell, ya zama gwamnan New York daga baya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kundin tsarin jami'ar ya ayyana cewa babban zuriyar Cornell an ba shi kujerar rayuwa a kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Cornell, a halin yanzu Charles Ezra Cornell. (Charles Ezra Cornell ya ɗauki matsayi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1969).<ref>https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19691117.2.28&srpos=16&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</ref> A cikin 1990, G. David Low, wanda ya kammala karatunsa na Jami'ar Cornell da kuma dan sama jannati na Space Shuttle, ya tafi da shi zuwa cikin sararin samaniya wasu safa na siliki guda biyu da Ezra Cornell ya yi a ranar aurensa a 1831.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170316083253/http://www.mindspring.com/~tvcornel/cemetery.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1874]] fsyppm6q7o3xnwehx6vomnaa8g0qb7p 888933 888932 2026-07-29T13:09:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 888933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ezra Cornell'''<ref>Lifshitz, Kenneth B. (2017). Makers of the Telegraph: Samuel Morse, Ezra Cornell and Joseph Henry. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Cornell</ref> (Janairu 11, 1807 - Disamba 9, shekarar alif 1874) ya kasance ɗan kasuwa ɗan kasar [[Amurka]], ɗan siyasa, mai koyarwa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Western Union kuma wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar noma ta New York kuma a matsayin Sanatan jihar [[New York]].<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtFAAAAYAAJ&q=cornell</ref> == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Cornell a Westchester Landing a yanzu 1515 Williamsbridge Road a Bronx a birnin New York zuwa Iliya Cornell da Eunice (Barnard), maginin tukwane. Ya girma kusa da DeRuyter, New York. Shi dan uwan Paul Cornell ne, wanda ya kafa unguwar Hyde Park ta [[Chicago]]. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da Ezekiel Cornell, Janar na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali wanda ya wakilci Rhode Island a Majalisar Nahiyar Nahiyar Na Biyu daga 1780 zuwa 1782, kuma ɗan'uwan William Cornell ne na nesa, wanda ya kasance farkon mazaunin Rhode Island.<ref>http://ezramagazine.cornell.edu/Update/March15/EU.Ezra.birthplace.trek.html</ref><ref>Klein, Kate. "Ezra Cornell's birthplace: The epic trek". Retrieved April 11, 2021. The site of Ezra Cornell's 1807 birthplace in what was then Westchester Landing, New York, is now a McDonald's at 1515 Williamsbridge Road in the Bronx</ref> Farkon kakan kakannin Cornell na Amurka, Thomas Cornell (1595-1655), ya kasance Puritan kuma mabiyin Roger Williams da Anne Hutchinson kafin daga bisani ya rungumi Quakerism, bangaskiyar zuriyarsa.<ref>http://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.html/document/csr14-0462</ref> == Aiki == Cornell da farko ya bi aikin kafinta kuma ya zagaya ko'ina cikin jihar New York a cikin wannan sana'a. Lokacin da ya fara kallon Lake Cayuga da Ithaca, New York a cikin bazara na shekarar 1828, ya yanke shawarar cewa Ithaca zai zama gidansa na gaba.<ref>https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/EC-life-2.html</ref> Otis Eddy ya dauki Cornell a matsayin makaniki don yin aiki a injin auduga a Cascadilla Creek. A kan shawarar Eddy, Jeremiah S. Beebe ya ɗauki Cornell hayar don gyarawa da gyaran filastarsa da injin fulawa a Fall Creek. A lokacin doguwar haɗin gwiwar Cornell tare da Beebe, ya tsara kuma ya gina rami don sabon tseren niƙa akan Fall Creek, dam ɗin dutse akan Fall Creek (wanda ya kafa tafkin Beebe), da sabon injin fulawa. A 1832, an sanya Cornell mai kula da duk damuwar Beebe a Fall Creek. A 1831, Cornell ya auri Mary Ann Wood a Dryden, New York. Iyalin matasa da masu girma suna buƙatar samun kuɗin shiga fiye da yadda zai iya samu a matsayin manajan masana'antar Beeebe, don haka Cornell ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka a cikin takardar shaidar sabon nau'in garma kuma ya fara tafiya shekaru da yawa daga Ithaca. Yankunansa na sayar da garma sun haɗa da jihohin Maine da Jojiya. Ya sayar a Maine a lokacin rani da Jojiya mai laushi a cikin hunturu. === Gidan waya === A cikin 1842, Cornell ya faru a cikin ofisoshin Maine Farmer, inda ya ga wani masani, F.O.J. Smith, ya lankwasa kan wasu tsare-tsare don “scraper” kamar yadda Smith ya kira shi. Don ayyukan da aka yi, an ba Smith kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na haƙƙin mallaka na telegraph wanda Samuel Morse ya yi, kuma yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hanyar binne layukan telegraph a ƙasa a cikin bututun gubar. Cornell ya ƙirƙiro wani nau'in garma na musamman wanda zai tono rami mai tsawon ƙafa 6 6 (76 cm), ya shimfiɗa bututu da wayar tarho a cikin rami, sannan ya rufe shi sama. Daga baya an gano cewa natsewar bututun da kuma rashin ingancin wayoyi na hana wutar lantarkin da ke cikin wayoyi, don haka rataya wayar daga igiyoyin telegraph ta zama hanyar da aka amince da ita.<ref>"Charles Ezra Cornell 21 Becomes First Student on Trustee Board"</ref> Cornell ya yi arzikinsa a cikin kasuwancin telegraph a matsayin abokin Samuel Morse. Cornell ya gina kuma ya ɗaure sanduna don layin telegraph na Baltimore-Washington, layin farko na telegraph na abu a cikin Amurka Don magance matsalar ƙarancin layukan telegraph, Cornell ya ƙirƙira ta amfani da insulators na gilashi a wurin da aka haɗa layin telegraph zuwa sanduna masu goyan baya. Bayan shiga tare da Morse, Cornell ya kula da ci gaba da yawancin layin telegraph, ciki har da wani yanki na New York, Albany & Buffalo line a 1846 da Erie da Michigan Telegraph Company, wanda ya haɗa Buffalo zuwa Milwaukee tare da abokansa John James Speed da Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith. Cornell, Speed, da Smith kuma sun gina layin New York da Erie, waɗanda suka yi gogayya da layin New York, Albany da Buffalo wanda Morse ke da babban rabo. An kammala layin a cikin 1849 kuma Cornell ya zama shugaban kamfanin.<ref>"Cornell connection - New York university founder picked up Wisconsin lumber land — on the cheap"</ref> A cikin 1848, 'yar'uwar Cornell, Phoebe, ta auri Martin B. Wood kuma ta koma Albion, Michigan. Cornell ya bai wa Wood aikin gina sabbin layukan kuma ya sanya Phoebe ma'aikacin telegraph, mace ta farko da ke aiki a [[Amurka]].<ref>"Flipped Scrip, Flipping the Script: The Morrill Act of 1862, Cornell University, and the Legacy of Nineteenth-Century Indigenous Dispossession – Cornell University and Indigenous Dispossession Project"</ref> Cornell ya sami babban arziki lokacin da aka haɗa layin Erie da Michigan tare da Hiram Sibley da Kamfanin New York da [[Mississippi]] sun kafa kamfanin Western Union. Cornell ya sami dala miliyan 2 a hannun jari na Western Union. === Majalisar Jihar New York === Cornell dan Republican ne na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York mai wakiltar Tompkins County a 1862 da 1863 kuma memba na Majalisar Dattijan Jihar New York daga 1864 zuwa 1867, inda ya yi aiki a cikin 87th, 88th, 89th, and 90th New York 'Yan Majalisun Dokokin Jihar [[New York]]. === Gidan litattafan kyauta na Cornell === Cornell ya yi ritaya daga Western Union kuma ya mai da hankalinsa ga ayyukan agaji. Ya ba da Laburaren Kyauta na Cornell, ɗakin karatu na farko na jama'a ga 'yan ƙasar Ithaca. An haɗa ɗakin ɗakin karatu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1864, kuma an gabatar da shi ga garin a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1866. Ginin ɗakin karatu na asali ya tsaya a kusurwar Tioga da Seneca Street har sai da aka rushe a 1960. Laburaren ya samo asali a kan lokaci don yin hidima ga gundumar a matsayin gidan littafin al'umma na Tompkins County. Don girmama bikin cika shekaru 150 na kyautarsa, an rataye bangon waje na Laburaren Jama'a na gundumar Tompkins a watan Oktoba, 2016. === Wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell === Mai sha'awar kimiyya da aikin noma na rayuwa, ya ga babbar dama a cikin Ayyukan Morrill Land-Grant na 1862 don samo jami'a da za ta koyar da darussa masu amfani daidai da daidaitattun kayan tarihi waɗanda ƙarin cibiyoyin gargajiya suka fi so. Andrew Dickson White ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da matsayin sabuwar ma'aikata a matsayin jami'ar ba da kyauta ta New York, kuma an kafa Jami'ar Cornell kuma an ba da izini ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsu a 1865. Jami'ar Cornell ta samu mafi girman kuɗaɗen shiga fiye da kwalejojin bayar da ƙasa na farko, galibi daga ma'amalar gidaje da Ezra Cornell ya jagoranta. A karkashin shirin bayar da filaye, gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da takardun kwalejojin, takardun da ke ba da damar zabar wani yanki na fili. Gabaɗaya waɗannan kwalejoji sun sayar da takardunsu. Ezra Cornell, duk da haka, ya riƙe mafi yawan rubutun, yana tsammanin zai ƙara farashin. Ya kuma fanshi wani ɗan guntun takarda don ƙasa mai ban sha'awa ko don haƙƙin katako, gami da dajin pine a Wisconsin. Yayin da kwalejoji na farko na ba da izinin ƙasa suka karɓi kusan rabin dala a kowace kadada, Cornell ya sami matsakaicin sama da dala 5 a kowace kadada a 1905. Saboda waɗannan abubuwan mallakar katako, ana kiran garin Cornell, Wisconsin don Cornell. === Kasuwancin hanyar jirgin kasa da rubuta wasiƙa === Cornell ya shiga kasuwancin layin dogo, amma bai samu nasara ba saboda firgici na 1873. Ya fara gina wani babban gida na Ithaca, Llenroc, wanda sunansa Cornell ya rubuta a baya, don maye gurbin gonarsa, amma ya mutu kafin a kammala shi. Llenroc ya kasance magadan Cornell ya kula da shi shekaru da yawa har sai an sayar da shi ga sashin Jami'ar Cornell na Delta Phi fraternity, wanda ya mamaye shi har yau; Forest Park, gidan gona na Cornell, an sayar da shi ga Jami'ar Cornell ta Delta Tau Delta fraternity babin amma daga baya aka rushe. Babban marubucin wasiƙa, Cornell ya yi daidai da mutane da yawa kuma zai rubuta wasiƙu da yawa kowane mako. Hakan ya faru ne saboda tafiye-tafiyen da ya yi da kuma ’yan kasuwa da yawa da ya rike a tsawon shekarunsa na dan kasuwa da kuma daga baya a matsayinsa na dan siyasa kuma wanda ya kafa jami’a. Jami'ar Cornell ta sanya kusan haruffa 30,000 a cikin Cornell Correspondence yana samuwa akan layi. == Rayuwar iyali\sirri == Ezra Cornell ya kasance ɗan Haihuwa Quaker, amma daga baya Ƙungiyar Abokai ta ƙi yin aure ba tare da bangaskiya ba ga "matar duniya", Mary Ann Wood, Methodist, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1831. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1832, Cornell ya rubuta martani mai zuwa game da korarsa daga Ƙungiyar Abokai saboda aurensa: "Na yi la'akari da cewa zabar aboki don rayuwa abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma farin ciki ko damuwa a wannan rayuwa ya dogara ne akan zabi." Ya mutu a 1874. Cornell yana shiga cikin Sage Chapel a harabar Cornell tare da Daniel Willard Fiske da Jennie McGraw. An binne Cornell da farko a makabartar Ithaca City a Ithaca sannan daga baya ya koma Sage Chapel.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fheq.2019.31</ref> Babban ɗansa, Alonzo B. Cornell, ya zama gwamnan New York daga baya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kundin tsarin jami'ar ya ayyana cewa babban zuriyar Cornell an ba shi kujerar rayuwa a kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Cornell, a halin yanzu Charles Ezra Cornell. (Charles Ezra Cornell ya ɗauki matsayi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1969).<ref>https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19691117.2.28&srpos=16&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</ref> A cikin 1990, G. David Low, wanda ya kammala karatunsa na Jami'ar Cornell da kuma dan sama jannati na Space Shuttle, ya tafi da shi zuwa cikin sararin samaniya wasu safa na siliki guda biyu da Ezra Cornell ya yi a ranar aurensa a 1831.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170316083253/http://www.mindspring.com/~tvcornel/cemetery.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1874]] t2y1ehixbjhey9l11je9ru6ojooz6c2 888934 888933 2026-07-29T13:10:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 888934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ezra Cornell'''<ref>Lifshitz, Kenneth B. (2017). Makers of the Telegraph: Samuel Morse, Ezra Cornell and Joseph Henry. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Cornell</ref> (Janairu 11, 1807 - Disamba 9, shekarar alif 1874) ya kasance ɗan kasuwa ɗan kasar [[Amurka]], ɗan siyasa, mai koyarwa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Western Union kuma wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar noma ta New York kuma a matsayin Sanatan jihar [[New York]].<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtFAAAAYAAJ&q=cornell</ref> == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Cornell a Westchester Landing a yanzu 1515 Williamsbridge Road a Bronx a birnin New York zuwa Iliya Cornell da Eunice (Barnard), maginin tukwane. Ya girma kusa da DeRuyter, New York. Shi dan uwan Paul Cornell ne, wanda ya kafa unguwar Hyde Park ta [[Chicago]]. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da Ezekiel Cornell, Janar na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali wanda ya wakilci Rhode Island a Majalisar Nahiyar Nahiyar Na Biyu daga 1780 zuwa 1782, kuma ɗan'uwan William Cornell ne na nesa, wanda ya kasance farkon mazaunin Rhode Island.<ref>http://ezramagazine.cornell.edu/Update/March15/EU.Ezra.birthplace.trek.html</ref><ref>Klein, Kate. "Ezra Cornell's birthplace: The epic trek". Retrieved April 11, 2021. The site of Ezra Cornell's 1807 birthplace in what was then Westchester Landing, New York, is now a McDonald's at 1515 Williamsbridge Road in the Bronx</ref> Farkon kakan kakannin Cornell na Amurka, Thomas Cornell (1595-1655), ya kasance Puritan kuma mabiyin Roger Williams da Anne Hutchinson kafin daga bisani ya rungumi Quakerism, bangaskiyar zuriyarsa.<ref>http://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.html/document/csr14-0462</ref> == Aiki == Cornell da farko ya bi aikin kafinta kuma ya zagaya ko'ina cikin jihar New York a cikin wannan sana'a. Lokacin da ya fara kallon Lake Cayuga da Ithaca, New York a cikin bazara na shekarar 1828, ya yanke shawarar cewa Ithaca zai zama gidansa na gaba.<ref>https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/EC-life-2.html</ref> Otis Eddy ya dauki Cornell a matsayin makaniki don yin aiki a injin auduga a Cascadilla Creek. A kan shawarar Eddy, Jeremiah S. Beebe ya ɗauki Cornell hayar don gyarawa da gyaran filastarsa da injin fulawa a Fall Creek. A lokacin doguwar haɗin gwiwar Cornell tare da Beebe, ya tsara kuma ya gina rami don sabon tseren niƙa akan Fall Creek, dam ɗin dutse akan Fall Creek (wanda ya kafa tafkin Beebe), da sabon injin fulawa. A 1832, an sanya Cornell mai kula da duk damuwar Beebe a Fall Creek. A 1831, Cornell ya auri Mary Ann Wood a Dryden, New York. Iyalin matasa da masu girma suna buƙatar samun kuɗin shiga fiye da yadda zai iya samu a matsayin manajan masana'antar Beeebe, don haka Cornell ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka a cikin takardar shaidar sabon nau'in garma kuma ya fara tafiya shekaru da yawa daga Ithaca. Yankunansa na sayar da garma sun haɗa da jihohin Maine da Jojiya. Ya sayar a Maine a lokacin rani da Jojiya mai laushi a cikin hunturu. === Gidan waya === A cikin 1842, Cornell ya faru a cikin ofisoshin Maine Farmer, inda ya ga wani masani, F.O.J. Smith, ya lankwasa kan wasu tsare-tsare don “scraper” kamar yadda Smith ya kira shi. Don ayyukan da aka yi, an ba Smith kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na haƙƙin mallaka na telegraph wanda Samuel Morse ya yi, kuma yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hanyar binne layukan telegraph a ƙasa a cikin bututun gubar. Cornell ya ƙirƙiro wani nau'in garma na musamman wanda zai tono rami mai tsawon ƙafa 6 6 (76 cm), ya shimfiɗa bututu da wayar tarho a cikin rami, sannan ya rufe shi sama. Daga baya an gano cewa natsewar bututun da kuma rashin ingancin wayoyi na hana wutar lantarkin da ke cikin wayoyi, don haka rataya wayar daga igiyoyin telegraph ta zama hanyar da aka amince da ita.<ref>"Charles Ezra Cornell 21 Becomes First Student on Trustee Board"</ref> Cornell ya yi arzikinsa a cikin kasuwancin telegraph a matsayin abokin Samuel Morse. Cornell ya gina kuma ya ɗaure sanduna don layin telegraph na Baltimore-Washington, layin farko na telegraph na abu a cikin Amurka Don magance matsalar ƙarancin layukan telegraph, Cornell ya ƙirƙira ta amfani da insulators na gilashi a wurin da aka haɗa layin telegraph zuwa sanduna masu goyan baya. Bayan shiga tare da Morse, Cornell ya kula da ci gaba da yawancin layin telegraph, ciki har da wani yanki na New York, Albany & Buffalo line a 1846 da Erie da Michigan Telegraph Company, wanda ya haɗa Buffalo zuwa Milwaukee tare da abokansa John James Speed da Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith. Cornell, Speed, da Smith kuma sun gina layin New York da Erie, waɗanda suka yi gogayya da layin New York, Albany da Buffalo wanda Morse ke da babban rabo. An kammala layin a cikin 1849 kuma Cornell ya zama shugaban kamfanin.<ref>"Cornell connection - New York university founder picked up Wisconsin lumber land — on the cheap"</ref> A cikin 1848, 'yar'uwar Cornell, Phoebe, ta auri Martin B. Wood kuma ta koma Albion, Michigan. Cornell ya bai wa Wood aikin gina sabbin layukan kuma ya sanya Phoebe ma'aikacin telegraph, mace ta farko da ke aiki a [[Amurka]].<ref>"Flipped Scrip, Flipping the Script: The Morrill Act of 1862, Cornell University, and the Legacy of Nineteenth-Century Indigenous Dispossession – Cornell University and Indigenous Dispossession Project"</ref> Cornell ya sami babban arziki lokacin da aka haɗa layin Erie da Michigan tare da Hiram Sibley da Kamfanin New York da [[Mississippi]] sun kafa kamfanin Western Union. Cornell ya sami dala miliyan 2 a hannun jari na Western Union. === Majalisar Jihar New York === Cornell dan Republican ne na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York mai wakiltar Tompkins County a 1862 da 1863 kuma memba na Majalisar Dattijan Jihar New York daga 1864 zuwa 1867, inda ya yi aiki a cikin 87th, 88th, 89th, and 90th New York 'Yan Majalisun Dokokin Jihar [[New York]]. === Gidan litattafan kyauta na Cornell === Cornell ya yi ritaya daga Western Union kuma ya mai da hankalinsa ga ayyukan agaji. Ya ba da Laburaren Kyauta na Cornell, ɗakin karatu na farko na jama'a ga 'yan ƙasar Ithaca. An haɗa ɗakin ɗakin karatu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1864, kuma an gabatar da shi ga garin a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1866. Ginin ɗakin karatu na asali ya tsaya a kusurwar Tioga da Seneca Street har sai da aka rushe a 1960. Laburaren ya samo asali a kan lokaci don yin hidima ga gundumar a matsayin gidan littafin al'umma na Tompkins County. Don girmama bikin cika shekaru 150 na kyautarsa, an rataye bangon waje na Laburaren Jama'a na gundumar Tompkins a watan Oktoba, 2016. === Wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell === Mai sha'awar kimiyya da aikin noma na rayuwa, ya ga babbar dama a cikin Ayyukan Morrill Land-Grant na 1862 don samo jami'a da za ta koyar da darussa masu amfani daidai da daidaitattun kayan tarihi waɗanda ƙarin cibiyoyin gargajiya suka fi so. Andrew Dickson White ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da matsayin sabuwar ma'aikata a matsayin jami'ar ba da kyauta ta New York, kuma an kafa Jami'ar Cornell kuma an ba da izini ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsu a 1865. Jami'ar Cornell ta samu mafi girman kuɗaɗen shiga fiye da kwalejojin bayar da ƙasa na farko, galibi daga ma'amalar gidaje da Ezra Cornell ya jagoranta. A karkashin shirin bayar da filaye, gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da takardun kwalejojin, takardun da ke ba da damar zabar wani yanki na fili. Gabaɗaya waɗannan kwalejoji sun sayar da takardunsu. Ezra Cornell, duk da haka, ya riƙe mafi yawan rubutun, yana tsammanin zai ƙara farashin. Ya kuma fanshi wani ɗan guntun takarda don ƙasa mai ban sha'awa ko don haƙƙin katako, gami da dajin pine a Wisconsin. Yayin da kwalejoji na farko na ba da izinin ƙasa suka karɓi kusan rabin dala a kowace kadada, Cornell ya sami matsakaicin sama da dala 5 a kowace kadada a 1905. Saboda waɗannan abubuwan mallakar katako, ana kiran garin Cornell, Wisconsin don Cornell. === Kasuwancin hanyar jirgin kasa da rubuta wasiƙa === Cornell ya shiga kasuwancin layin dogo, amma bai samu nasara ba saboda firgici na 1873. Ya fara gina wani babban gida na Ithaca, Llenroc, wanda sunansa Cornell ya rubuta a baya, don maye gurbin gonarsa, amma ya mutu kafin a kammala shi. Llenroc ya kasance magadan Cornell ya kula da shi shekaru da yawa har sai an sayar da shi ga sashin Jami'ar Cornell na Delta Phi fraternity, wanda ya mamaye shi har yau; Forest Park, gidan gona na Cornell, an sayar da shi ga Jami'ar Cornell ta Delta Tau Delta fraternity babin amma daga baya aka rushe. Babban marubucin wasiƙa, Cornell ya yi daidai da mutane da yawa kuma zai rubuta wasiƙu da yawa kowane mako. Hakan ya faru ne saboda tafiye-tafiyen da ya yi da kuma ’yan kasuwa da yawa da ya rike a tsawon shekarunsa na dan kasuwa da kuma daga baya a matsayinsa na dan siyasa kuma wanda ya kafa jami’a. Jami'ar Cornell ta sanya kusan haruffa 30,000 a cikin Cornell Correspondence yana samuwa akan layi. == Rayuwar iyali\sirri == Ezra Cornell ya kasance ɗan Haihuwa Quaker, amma daga baya Ƙungiyar Abokai ta ƙi yin aure ba tare da bangaskiya ba ga "matar duniya", Mary Ann Wood, Methodist, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1831. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1832, Cornell ya rubuta martani mai zuwa game da korarsa daga Ƙungiyar Abokai saboda aurensa: "Na yi la'akari da cewa zabar aboki don rayuwa abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma farin ciki ko damuwa a wannan rayuwa ya dogara ne akan zabi." Ya mutu a 1874. Cornell yana shiga cikin Sage Chapel a harabar Cornell tare da Daniel Willard Fiske da Jennie McGraw. An binne Cornell da farko a makabartar Ithaca City a Ithaca sannan daga baya ya koma Sage Chapel.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fheq.2019.31</ref> Babban ɗansa, Alonzo B. Cornell, ya zama gwamnan New York daga baya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kundin tsarin jami'ar ya ayyana cewa babban zuriyar Cornell an ba shi kujerar rayuwa a kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Cornell, a halin yanzu Charles Ezra Cornell. (Charles Ezra Cornell ya ɗauki matsayi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1969).<ref>https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19691117.2.28&srpos=16&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</ref> A cikin 1990, G. David Low, wanda ya kammala karatunsa na Jami'ar Cornell da kuma dan sama jannati na Space Shuttle, ya tafi da shi zuwa cikin sararin samaniya wasu safa na siliki guda biyu da Ezra Cornell ya yi a ranar aurensa a 1831.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170316083253/http://www.mindspring.com/~tvcornel/cemetery.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1874]] 7kvzc1m5igi0h555w7az713lt2hrebn 888935 888934 2026-07-29T13:10:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 888935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ezra Cornell'''<ref>Lifshitz, Kenneth B. (2017). Makers of the Telegraph: Samuel Morse, Ezra Cornell and Joseph Henry. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Cornell</ref> (Janairu 11, 1807 - Disamba 9, shekarar alif 1874) ya kasance ɗan kasuwa ɗan kasar [[Amurka]], ɗan siyasa, mai koyarwa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Western Union kuma wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar noma ta New York kuma a matsayin Sanatan jihar [[New York]].<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtFAAAAYAAJ&q=cornell</ref> == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Cornell a Westchester Landing a yanzu 1515 Williamsbridge Road a Bronx a birnin New York zuwa Iliya Cornell da Eunice (Barnard), maginin tukwane. Ya girma kusa da DeRuyter, New York. Shi dan uwan Paul Cornell ne, wanda ya kafa unguwar Hyde Park ta [[Chicago]]. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da Ezekiel Cornell, Janar na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali wanda ya wakilci Rhode Island a Majalisar Nahiyar Nahiyar Na Biyu daga 1780 zuwa 1782, kuma ɗan'uwan William Cornell ne na nesa, wanda ya kasance farkon mazaunin Rhode Island.<ref>http://ezramagazine.cornell.edu/Update/March15/EU.Ezra.birthplace.trek.html</ref><ref>Klein, Kate. "Ezra Cornell's birthplace: The epic trek". Retrieved April 11, 2021. The site of Ezra Cornell's 1807 birthplace in what was then Westchester Landing, New York, is now a McDonald's at 1515 Williamsbridge Road in the Bronx</ref> Farkon kakan kakannin Cornell na Amurka, Thomas Cornell (1595-1655), ya kasance Puritan kuma mabiyin Roger Williams da Anne Hutchinson kafin daga bisani ya rungumi Quakerism, bangaskiyar zuriyarsa.<ref>http://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.html/document/csr14-0462</ref> == Aiki == Cornell da farko ya bi aikin kafinta kuma ya zagaya ko'ina cikin jihar New York a cikin wannan sana'a. Lokacin da ya fara kallon Lake Cayuga da Ithaca, New York a cikin bazara na shekarar 1828, ya yanke shawarar cewa Ithaca zai zama gidansa na gaba.<ref>https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/EC-life-2.html</ref> Otis Eddy ya dauki Cornell a matsayin makaniki don yin aiki a injin auduga a Cascadilla Creek. A kan shawarar Eddy, Jeremiah S. Beebe ya ɗauki Cornell hayar don gyarawa da gyaran filastarsa da injin fulawa a Fall Creek. A lokacin doguwar haɗin gwiwar Cornell tare da Beebe, ya tsara kuma ya gina rami don sabon tseren niƙa akan Fall Creek, dam ɗin dutse akan Fall Creek (wanda ya kafa tafkin Beebe), da sabon injin fulawa. A 1832, an sanya Cornell mai kula da duk damuwar Beebe a Fall Creek. A 1831, Cornell ya auri Mary Ann Wood a Dryden, New York. Iyalin matasa da masu girma suna buƙatar samun kuɗin shiga fiye da yadda zai iya samu a matsayin manajan masana'antar Beeebe, don haka Cornell ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka a cikin takardar shaidar sabon nau'in garma kuma ya fara tafiya shekaru da yawa daga Ithaca. Yankunansa na sayar da garma sun haɗa da jihohin Maine da Jojiya. Ya sayar a Maine a lokacin rani da Jojiya mai laushi a cikin hunturu. === Gidan waya === A cikin 1842, Cornell ya faru a cikin ofisoshin Maine Farmer, inda ya ga wani masani, F.O.J. Smith, ya lankwasa kan wasu tsare-tsare don “scraper” kamar yadda Smith ya kira shi. Don ayyukan da aka yi, an ba Smith kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na haƙƙin mallaka na telegraph wanda Samuel Morse ya yi, kuma yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hanyar binne layukan telegraph a ƙasa a cikin bututun gubar. Cornell ya ƙirƙiro wani nau'in garma na musamman wanda zai tono rami mai tsawon ƙafa 6 6 (76 cm), ya shimfiɗa bututu da wayar tarho a cikin rami, sannan ya rufe shi sama. Daga baya an gano cewa natsewar bututun da kuma rashin ingancin wayoyi na hana wutar lantarkin da ke cikin wayoyi, don haka rataya wayar daga igiyoyin telegraph ta zama hanyar da aka amince da ita.<ref>"Charles Ezra Cornell 21 Becomes First Student on Trustee Board"</ref> Cornell ya yi arzikinsa a cikin kasuwancin telegraph a matsayin abokin Samuel Morse. Cornell ya gina kuma ya ɗaure sanduna don layin telegraph na Baltimore-Washington, layin farko na telegraph na abu a cikin Amurka Don magance matsalar ƙarancin layukan telegraph, Cornell ya ƙirƙira ta amfani da insulators na gilashi a wurin da aka haɗa layin telegraph zuwa sanduna masu goyan baya. Bayan shiga tare da Morse, Cornell ya kula da ci gaba da yawancin layin telegraph, ciki har da wani yanki na New York, Albany & Buffalo line a 1846 da Erie da Michigan Telegraph Company, wanda ya haɗa Buffalo zuwa Milwaukee tare da abokansa John James Speed da Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith. Cornell, Speed, da Smith kuma sun gina layin New York da Erie, waɗanda suka yi gogayya da layin New York, Albany da Buffalo wanda Morse ke da babban rabo. An kammala layin a cikin 1849 kuma Cornell ya zama shugaban kamfanin.<ref>"Cornell connection - New York university founder picked up Wisconsin lumber land — on the cheap"</ref> A cikin 1848, 'yar'uwar Cornell, Phoebe, ta auri Martin B. Wood kuma ta koma Albion, Michigan. Cornell ya bai wa Wood aikin gina sabbin layukan kuma ya sanya Phoebe ma'aikacin telegraph, mace ta farko da ke aiki a [[Amurka]].<ref>"Flipped Scrip, Flipping the Script: The Morrill Act of 1862, Cornell University, and the Legacy of Nineteenth-Century Indigenous Dispossession – Cornell University and Indigenous Dispossession Project"</ref> Cornell ya sami babban arziki lokacin da aka haɗa layin Erie da Michigan tare da Hiram Sibley da Kamfanin New York da [[Mississippi]] sun kafa kamfanin Western Union. Cornell ya sami dala miliyan 2 a hannun jari na Western Union. === Majalisar Jihar New York === Cornell dan Republican ne na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York mai wakiltar Tompkins County a 1862 da 1863 kuma memba na Majalisar Dattijan Jihar New York daga 1864 zuwa 1867, inda ya yi aiki a cikin 87th, 88th, 89th, and 90th New York 'Yan Majalisun Dokokin Jihar [[New York]]. === Gidan litattafan kyauta na Cornell === Cornell ya yi ritaya daga Western Union kuma ya mai da hankalinsa ga ayyukan agaji. Ya ba da Laburaren Kyauta na Cornell, ɗakin karatu na farko na jama'a ga 'yan ƙasar Ithaca. An haɗa ɗakin ɗakin karatu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1864, kuma an gabatar da shi ga garin a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1866. Ginin ɗakin karatu na asali ya tsaya a kusurwar Tioga da Seneca Street har sai da aka rushe a 1960. Laburaren ya samo asali a kan lokaci don yin hidima ga gundumar a matsayin gidan littafin al'umma na Tompkins County. Don girmama bikin cika shekaru 150 na kyautarsa, an rataye bangon waje na Laburaren Jama'a na gundumar Tompkins a watan Oktoba, 2016. === Wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell === Mai sha'awar kimiyya da aikin noma na rayuwa, ya ga babbar dama a cikin Ayyukan Morrill Land-Grant na 1862 don samo jami'a da za ta koyar da darussa masu amfani daidai da daidaitattun kayan tarihi waɗanda ƙarin cibiyoyin gargajiya suka fi so. Andrew Dickson White ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da matsayin sabuwar ma'aikata a matsayin jami'ar ba da kyauta ta New York, kuma an kafa Jami'ar Cornell kuma an ba da izini ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsu a 1865. Jami'ar Cornell ta samu mafi girman kuɗaɗen shiga fiye da kwalejojin bayar da ƙasa na farko, galibi daga ma'amalar gidaje da Ezra Cornell ya jagoranta. A karkashin shirin bayar da filaye, gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da takardun kwalejojin, takardun da ke ba da damar zabar wani yanki na fili. Gabaɗaya waɗannan kwalejoji sun sayar da takardunsu. Ezra Cornell, duk da haka, ya riƙe mafi yawan rubutun, yana tsammanin zai ƙara farashin. Ya kuma fanshi wani ɗan guntun takarda don ƙasa mai ban sha'awa ko don haƙƙin katako, gami da dajin pine a Wisconsin. Yayin da kwalejoji na farko na ba da izinin ƙasa suka karɓi kusan rabin dala a kowace kadada, Cornell ya sami matsakaicin sama da dala 5 a kowace kadada a 1905. Saboda waɗannan abubuwan mallakar katako, ana kiran garin Cornell, Wisconsin don Cornell. === Kasuwancin hanyar jirgin kasa da rubuta wasiƙa === Cornell ya shiga kasuwancin layin dogo, amma bai samu nasara ba saboda firgici na 1873. Ya fara gina wani babban gida na Ithaca, Llenroc, wanda sunansa Cornell ya rubuta a baya, don maye gurbin gonarsa, amma ya mutu kafin a kammala shi. Llenroc ya kasance magadan Cornell ya kula da shi shekaru da yawa har sai an sayar da shi ga sashin Jami'ar Cornell na Delta Phi fraternity, wanda ya mamaye shi har yau; Forest Park, gidan gona na Cornell, an sayar da shi ga Jami'ar Cornell ta Delta Tau Delta fraternity babin amma daga baya aka rushe. Babban marubucin wasiƙa, Cornell ya yi daidai da mutane da yawa kuma zai rubuta wasiƙu da yawa kowane mako. Hakan ya faru ne saboda tafiye-tafiyen da ya yi da kuma ’yan kasuwa da yawa da ya rike a tsawon shekarunsa na dan kasuwa da kuma daga baya a matsayinsa na dan siyasa kuma wanda ya kafa jami’a. Jami'ar Cornell ta sanya kusan haruffa 30,000 a cikin Cornell Correspondence yana samuwa akan layi. == Rayuwar iyali\sirri == Ezra Cornell ya kasance ɗan Haihuwa Quaker, amma daga baya Ƙungiyar Abokai ta ƙi yin aure ba tare da bangaskiya ba ga "matar duniya", Mary Ann Wood, Methodist, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1831. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1832, Cornell ya rubuta martani mai zuwa game da korarsa daga Ƙungiyar Abokai saboda aurensa: "Na yi la'akari da cewa zabar aboki don rayuwa abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma farin ciki ko damuwa a wannan rayuwa ya dogara ne akan zabi." Ya mutu a 1874. Cornell yana shiga cikin Sage Chapel a harabar Cornell tare da Daniel Willard Fiske da Jennie McGraw. An binne Cornell da farko a makabartar Ithaca City a Ithaca sannan daga baya ya koma Sage Chapel.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fheq.2019.31</ref> Babban ɗansa, Alonzo B. Cornell, ya zama gwamnan New York daga baya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kundin tsarin jami'ar ya ayyana cewa babban zuriyar Cornell an ba shi kujerar rayuwa a kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Cornell, a halin yanzu Charles Ezra Cornell. (Charles Ezra Cornell ya ɗauki matsayi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1969).<ref>https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19691117.2.28&srpos=16&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</ref> A cikin 1990, G. David Low, wanda ya kammala karatunsa na Jami'ar Cornell da kuma dan sama jannati na Space Shuttle, ya tafi da shi zuwa cikin sararin samaniya wasu safa na siliki guda biyu da Ezra Cornell ya yi a ranar aurensa a 1831.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170316083253/http://www.mindspring.com/~tvcornel/cemetery.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1874]] saot1p2anguwcneol9ozuor9qybga3r 888937 888935 2026-07-29T13:11:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 888937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ezra Cornell'''<ref>Lifshitz, Kenneth B. (2017). Makers of the Telegraph: Samuel Morse, Ezra Cornell and Joseph Henry. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Cornell</ref> (Janairu 11, 1807 - Disamba 9, shekarar alif 1874) ya kasance ɗan kasuwa ɗan kasar [[Amurka]], ɗan siyasa, mai koyarwa, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Western Union kuma wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar noma ta [[New York (jiha)|New York]] kuma a matsayin Sanatan jihar [[New York]].<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=AMtFAAAAYAAJ&q=cornell</ref> == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Cornell a Westchester Landing a yanzu 1515 Williamsbridge Road a Bronx a birnin New York zuwa Iliya Cornell da Eunice (Barnard), maginin tukwane. Ya girma kusa da DeRuyter, New York. Shi dan uwan Paul Cornell ne, wanda ya kafa unguwar Hyde Park ta [[Chicago]]. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da Ezekiel Cornell, Janar na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali wanda ya wakilci Rhode Island a Majalisar Nahiyar Nahiyar Na Biyu daga 1780 zuwa 1782, kuma ɗan'uwan William Cornell ne na nesa, wanda ya kasance farkon mazaunin Rhode Island.<ref>http://ezramagazine.cornell.edu/Update/March15/EU.Ezra.birthplace.trek.html</ref><ref>Klein, Kate. "Ezra Cornell's birthplace: The epic trek". Retrieved April 11, 2021. The site of Ezra Cornell's 1807 birthplace in what was then Westchester Landing, New York, is now a McDonald's at 1515 Williamsbridge Road in the Bronx</ref> Farkon kakan kakannin Cornell na Amurka, Thomas Cornell (1595-1655), ya kasance Puritan kuma mabiyin Roger Williams da Anne Hutchinson kafin daga bisani ya rungumi Quakerism, bangaskiyar zuriyarsa.<ref>http://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.html/document/csr14-0462</ref> == Aiki == Cornell da farko ya bi aikin kafinta kuma ya zagaya ko'ina cikin jihar New York a cikin wannan sana'a. Lokacin da ya fara kallon Lake Cayuga da Ithaca, New York a cikin bazara na shekarar 1828, ya yanke shawarar cewa Ithaca zai zama gidansa na gaba.<ref>https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/EC-life-2.html</ref> Otis Eddy ya dauki Cornell a matsayin makaniki don yin aiki a injin auduga a Cascadilla Creek. A kan shawarar Eddy, Jeremiah S. Beebe ya ɗauki Cornell hayar don gyarawa da gyaran filastarsa da injin fulawa a Fall Creek. A lokacin doguwar haɗin gwiwar Cornell tare da Beebe, ya tsara kuma ya gina rami don sabon tseren niƙa akan Fall Creek, dam ɗin dutse akan Fall Creek (wanda ya kafa tafkin Beebe), da sabon injin fulawa. A 1832, an sanya Cornell mai kula da duk damuwar Beebe a Fall Creek. A 1831, Cornell ya auri Mary Ann Wood a Dryden, New York. Iyalin matasa da masu girma suna buƙatar samun kuɗin shiga fiye da yadda zai iya samu a matsayin manajan masana'antar Beeebe, don haka Cornell ya sayi haƙƙin mallaka a cikin takardar shaidar sabon nau'in garma kuma ya fara tafiya shekaru da yawa daga Ithaca. Yankunansa na sayar da garma sun haɗa da jihohin Maine da Jojiya. Ya sayar a Maine a lokacin rani da Jojiya mai laushi a cikin hunturu. === Gidan waya === A cikin 1842, Cornell ya faru a cikin ofisoshin Maine Farmer, inda ya ga wani masani, F.O.J. Smith, ya lankwasa kan wasu tsare-tsare don “scraper” kamar yadda Smith ya kira shi. Don ayyukan da aka yi, an ba Smith kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na haƙƙin mallaka na telegraph wanda Samuel Morse ya yi, kuma yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hanyar binne layukan telegraph a ƙasa a cikin bututun gubar. Cornell ya ƙirƙiro wani nau'in garma na musamman wanda zai tono rami mai tsawon ƙafa 6 6 (76 cm), ya shimfiɗa bututu da wayar tarho a cikin rami, sannan ya rufe shi sama. Daga baya an gano cewa natsewar bututun da kuma rashin ingancin wayoyi na hana wutar lantarkin da ke cikin wayoyi, don haka rataya wayar daga igiyoyin telegraph ta zama hanyar da aka amince da ita.<ref>"Charles Ezra Cornell 21 Becomes First Student on Trustee Board"</ref> Cornell ya yi arzikinsa a cikin kasuwancin telegraph a matsayin abokin Samuel Morse. Cornell ya gina kuma ya ɗaure sanduna don layin telegraph na Baltimore-Washington, layin farko na telegraph na abu a cikin Amurka Don magance matsalar ƙarancin layukan telegraph, Cornell ya ƙirƙira ta amfani da insulators na gilashi a wurin da aka haɗa layin telegraph zuwa sanduna masu goyan baya. Bayan shiga tare da Morse, Cornell ya kula da ci gaba da yawancin layin telegraph, ciki har da wani yanki na New York, Albany & Buffalo line a 1846 da Erie da Michigan Telegraph Company, wanda ya haɗa Buffalo zuwa Milwaukee tare da abokansa John James Speed da Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith. Cornell, Speed, da Smith kuma sun gina layin New York da Erie, waɗanda suka yi gogayya da layin New York, Albany da Buffalo wanda Morse ke da babban rabo. An kammala layin a cikin 1849 kuma Cornell ya zama shugaban kamfanin.<ref>"Cornell connection - New York university founder picked up Wisconsin lumber land — on the cheap"</ref> A cikin 1848, 'yar'uwar Cornell, Phoebe, ta auri Martin B. Wood kuma ta koma Albion, Michigan. Cornell ya bai wa Wood aikin gina sabbin layukan kuma ya sanya Phoebe ma'aikacin telegraph, mace ta farko da ke aiki a [[Amurka]].<ref>"Flipped Scrip, Flipping the Script: The Morrill Act of 1862, Cornell University, and the Legacy of Nineteenth-Century Indigenous Dispossession – Cornell University and Indigenous Dispossession Project"</ref> Cornell ya sami babban arziki lokacin da aka haɗa layin Erie da Michigan tare da Hiram Sibley da Kamfanin New York da [[Mississippi]] sun kafa kamfanin Western Union. Cornell ya sami dala miliyan 2 a hannun jari na Western Union. === Majalisar Jihar New York === Cornell dan Republican ne na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar New York mai wakiltar Tompkins County a 1862 da 1863 kuma memba na Majalisar Dattijan Jihar New York daga 1864 zuwa 1867, inda ya yi aiki a cikin 87th, 88th, 89th, and 90th New York 'Yan Majalisun Dokokin Jihar [[New York]]. === Gidan litattafan kyauta na Cornell === Cornell ya yi ritaya daga Western Union kuma ya mai da hankalinsa ga ayyukan agaji. Ya ba da Laburaren Kyauta na Cornell, ɗakin karatu na farko na jama'a ga 'yan ƙasar Ithaca. An haɗa ɗakin ɗakin karatu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1864, kuma an gabatar da shi ga garin a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1866. Ginin ɗakin karatu na asali ya tsaya a kusurwar Tioga da Seneca Street har sai da aka rushe a 1960. Laburaren ya samo asali a kan lokaci don yin hidima ga gundumar a matsayin gidan littafin al'umma na Tompkins County. Don girmama bikin cika shekaru 150 na kyautarsa, an rataye bangon waje na Laburaren Jama'a na gundumar Tompkins a watan Oktoba, 2016. === Wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Cornell === Mai sha'awar kimiyya da aikin noma na rayuwa, ya ga babbar dama a cikin Ayyukan Morrill Land-Grant na 1862 don samo jami'a da za ta koyar da darussa masu amfani daidai da daidaitattun kayan tarihi waɗanda ƙarin cibiyoyin gargajiya suka fi so. Andrew Dickson White ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da matsayin sabuwar ma'aikata a matsayin jami'ar ba da kyauta ta New York, kuma an kafa Jami'ar Cornell kuma an ba da izini ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsu a 1865. Jami'ar Cornell ta samu mafi girman kuɗaɗen shiga fiye da kwalejojin bayar da ƙasa na farko, galibi daga ma'amalar gidaje da Ezra Cornell ya jagoranta. A karkashin shirin bayar da filaye, gwamnatin tarayya ta ba da takardun kwalejojin, takardun da ke ba da damar zabar wani yanki na fili. Gabaɗaya waɗannan kwalejoji sun sayar da takardunsu. Ezra Cornell, duk da haka, ya riƙe mafi yawan rubutun, yana tsammanin zai ƙara farashin. Ya kuma fanshi wani ɗan guntun takarda don ƙasa mai ban sha'awa ko don haƙƙin katako, gami da dajin pine a Wisconsin. Yayin da kwalejoji na farko na ba da izinin ƙasa suka karɓi kusan rabin dala a kowace kadada, Cornell ya sami matsakaicin sama da dala 5 a kowace kadada a 1905. Saboda waɗannan abubuwan mallakar katako, ana kiran garin Cornell, Wisconsin don Cornell. === Kasuwancin hanyar jirgin kasa da rubuta wasiƙa === Cornell ya shiga kasuwancin layin dogo, amma bai samu nasara ba saboda firgici na 1873. Ya fara gina wani babban gida na Ithaca, Llenroc, wanda sunansa Cornell ya rubuta a baya, don maye gurbin gonarsa, amma ya mutu kafin a kammala shi. Llenroc ya kasance magadan Cornell ya kula da shi shekaru da yawa har sai an sayar da shi ga sashin Jami'ar Cornell na Delta Phi fraternity, wanda ya mamaye shi har yau; Forest Park, gidan gona na Cornell, an sayar da shi ga Jami'ar Cornell ta Delta Tau Delta fraternity babin amma daga baya aka rushe. Babban marubucin wasiƙa, Cornell ya yi daidai da mutane da yawa kuma zai rubuta wasiƙu da yawa kowane mako. Hakan ya faru ne saboda tafiye-tafiyen da ya yi da kuma ’yan kasuwa da yawa da ya rike a tsawon shekarunsa na dan kasuwa da kuma daga baya a matsayinsa na dan siyasa kuma wanda ya kafa jami’a. Jami'ar Cornell ta sanya kusan haruffa 30,000 a cikin Cornell Correspondence yana samuwa akan layi. == Rayuwar iyali\sirri == Ezra Cornell ya kasance ɗan Haihuwa Quaker, amma daga baya Ƙungiyar Abokai ta ƙi yin aure ba tare da bangaskiya ba ga "matar duniya", Mary Ann Wood, Methodist, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1831. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1832, Cornell ya rubuta martani mai zuwa game da korarsa daga Ƙungiyar Abokai saboda aurensa: "Na yi la'akari da cewa zabar aboki don rayuwa abu ne mai mahimmanci kuma farin ciki ko damuwa a wannan rayuwa ya dogara ne akan zabi." Ya mutu a 1874. Cornell yana shiga cikin Sage Chapel a harabar Cornell tare da Daniel Willard Fiske da Jennie McGraw. An binne Cornell da farko a makabartar Ithaca City a Ithaca sannan daga baya ya koma Sage Chapel.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fheq.2019.31</ref> Babban ɗansa, Alonzo B. Cornell, ya zama gwamnan New York daga baya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kundin tsarin jami'ar ya ayyana cewa babban zuriyar Cornell an ba shi kujerar rayuwa a kwamitin amintattu na Jami'ar Cornell, a halin yanzu Charles Ezra Cornell. (Charles Ezra Cornell ya ɗauki matsayi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1969).<ref>https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19691117.2.28&srpos=16&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</ref> A cikin 1990, G. David Low, wanda ya kammala karatunsa na Jami'ar Cornell da kuma dan sama jannati na Space Shuttle, ya tafi da shi zuwa cikin sararin samaniya wasu safa na siliki guda biyu da Ezra Cornell ya yi a ranar aurensa a 1831.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170316083253/http://www.mindspring.com/~tvcornel/cemetery.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1874]] i181hoh0tesdslbne5zs42rbi9ljamy 0 97240 888938 608909 2026-07-29T13:11:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 888938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kamfanin kera motoci na Japan mallakar Nissan. Datsun ta asali samar da gudu ya fara ne a 1931. Daga 1958 zuwa 1986, motocin da Nissan ta fitar da su ne kawai aka gano su a matsayin Datsun. Nissan ta fitar da alamar Datsun a watan Maris na shekara ta 1986, amma ta sake kaddamar da ita a watan Yunin shekara ta 2013 a matsayin alama ga motocin da ba su da tsada da aka ƙera don kasuwannin da ke tasowa. Nissan ta yi la'akari da fitar da alamar Datsun a karo na biyu a cikin 2019 da 2020,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200519023639/https://www.foxnews.com/auto/nissan-killing-datsun</ref> daga ƙarshe ta dakatar da alamar gwagwarmaya a watan Afrilu na 2022.<ref>https://www.carscoops.com/2022/04/datsun-is-officially-dead-for-the-second-time-around/</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} rjw9d8pyaoyi1ccp5tfu5dhg44rwjhb 0 97516 889229 604863 2026-07-30T03:56:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Onunu_Food.jpg|thumb|Abincin Onunu]]Onunu abinci ne na gargajiya daga Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]], wanda kabilun [[Mutanen Ijaw|Ijaw]] da Kalabari ke jin daɗinsa. Ana yin shi ta hanyar tafasa yam da tsufa, wanda aka buga tare kuma a gauraya shi da [[Manja|Man dabino]] don samar da santsi, cakuda mai ƙarfi. Sau da yawa ana ba da shi tare da miya mai ɗanɗano na kifi ko sabo na kifi. Wadannan abubuwan da ke tattare da su suna nuna dandano mai kyau.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2019-09-21 |title=How To Make Onunu |url=https://guardian.ng/life/ingredients-and-method-of-making-onunu-meal/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2024-08-21 |title=Shared Plates, Shared Stories: Lost In Lagos Plus Magazine Releases Their August Issue |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/08/lost-in-lagos-plus-magazine-august-issue/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-11 |title=Port Harcourt International Food festival: Man or woman who sabi cook pass? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/50378488 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen == [[Fayil:Ripe_plantain_and_Yam_used_in_Onunu_preparations.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Onunu_preparations.jpg|thumb|Shirya abincin Onunu]] Ana shirya Onunu ta hanyar tafasa yams har sai an dafa su a wani bangare, sannan a kara shuke-shuke masu tsufa a cikin tukunya. Da zarar sinadaran biyu sun kasance masu tausayi, ana buga su tare don ƙirƙirar daidaituwa mai santsi. Ana ƙara man dabino, wanda ke inganta dandano na abincin kuma yana ba shi launi na sa hannu.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Udevi |first=Obiamaka Angela |date=2022-02-11 |title=Recipe For Onunu |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/recipe-for-onunu/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Connectnigeria Articles |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Muhimmancin al'adu == A tarihi, an ajiye onunu don lokuta na musamman kamar bukukuwan gargajiya, bukukuwan sarauta, da sauran abubuwan al'adu. An kuma yi amfani da shi a cikin ɗakunan fatar a matsayin alama ce ta abinci mai gina jiki da yalwa. A yau, onunu ya kasance wani bangare ne na bukukuwan al'adu kuma ana jin daɗinsa ko'ina.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Philips-Kemenanabo |first=Nicole |date=2021-10-18 |title=How to prepare onunu, the undercelebrated Nigerian Staple - Afrocritik |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/how-to-prepare-onunu-the-undercelebrated-nigerian-staple/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Afrocritik |language=en}}</ref> == Amfanin abinci mai gina jiki == Onunu yana samar da carbohydrates daga yams da plantains, yana aiki a matsayin tushen makamashi. Man dabino yana ba da gudummawa ga kitsen abinci, yayin da stews na kifi ko soups da aka yi amfani da su tare da abincin suna ƙara furotin, suna sa ya zama daidaitaccen abinci.<ref name=":1"/> == Bambance-bambance == A al'adance an haɗa shi da miya na kifi, ana iya ba da onunu tare da wasu miya ko stews na Najeriya, gami da miya na kayan lambu da miya na egusi, bisa ga abubuwan da mutum ya fi so.<ref>{{Cite web |last=My9jafoodshub |date=2024-09-03 |title=The Rich Tradition of Onunu: Unraveling the Flavors and Significance of this Nigerian Dish |url=https://my9jafoodshub.com/the-rich-tradition-of-onunu-unraveling-the-flavors-and-significance-of-this-nigerian-dish/2024/09/03/?amp=1 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=My9jafoodshub |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Abinci]] [[Rukuni:Abincin Inyamurai]] [[Rukuni:Abincin gargajiya]] 9kdlofskzhvpd7h5yhihjcss9rsiup2 0 98836 889211 795738 2026-07-30T01:23:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Okey Uzoeshi''' (pronunciationⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mawaƙi na Najeriya. An san shi da rawar da ya taka a cikin amarya biyu da jariri, ''Jinin a cikin Lagoon'', soyayya da yaƙi, ''Wani abu mara kyau'' da ma'aurata na kwanaki.<ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-08-06 |title=Nollywood's Generation Next Actors (2) |url=https://punchng.com/nollywoods-generation-next-actors-2/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=2021-07-27 |title=Pulse List: 5 Nigerian celebrities who used to be musicians |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/pulse-list-5-nigerian-celebrities-who-used-to-be-musicians/7cxztp5 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808193657/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/pulse-list-5-nigerian-celebrities-who-used-to-be-musicians/7cxztp5 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2017-02-15 |title="Something Wicked" packs a punch with a satisfying jolting end |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-something-wicked-packs-a-punch-with-a-satisfying-jolting-end/kq776g4 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-09 |title=Marriage is a partnership ― Okey Uzoeshi |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/05/marriage-is-a-partnership-―-okey-uzoeshi/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1983, a [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Birrel Avenue don karatun firamare kuma ya halarci Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri don karatun sakandare <ref>name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Rita |date=2021-04-30 |title=Okey Uzoeshi Biography– Life and Career of The Star |url=https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Pearlsnews – Top Entertainment News and Gossip in Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501070552/https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mawaƙi kafin ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo inda ya fara fitowa a fim din da ake kira Fatal Imagination . Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na iyali da kuma bayar da shawarwari kamar wani abu Wicked, Strain, Couple of Days da sauransu.<ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2017-02-15 |title="Something Wicked" packs a punch with a satisfying jolting end |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-something-wicked-packs-a-punch-with-a-satisfying-jolting-end/kq776g4 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFizuzu2017">izuzu, chibumga (2017-02-15). [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-something-wicked-packs-a-punch-with-a-satisfying-jolting-end/kq776g4 ""Something Wicked" packs a punch with a satisfying jolting end"]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-02</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Rita |date=2021-04-30 |title=Okey Uzoeshi Biography– Life and Career of The Star |url=https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Pearlsnews – Top Entertainment News and Gossip in Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501070552/https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFWriter2021">Writer, Rita (2021-04-30). [https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ "Okey Uzoeshi Biography– Life and Career of The Star"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501070552/https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ |date=2021-05-01 }}. ''Pearlsnews – Top Entertainment News and Gossip in Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Kyauta da gabatarwa == Ya sami gabatarwa daga Kyautar Nollywood (BON), Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA), da Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka (AMAA). == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Tunanin da ba a yi tsammani ba'' * ''Sweet Gobe (2008) a matsayin Efe'' * Brides Biyu da Jariri (2011) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Okey Uzoeshi {{!}} Actor, Producer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6166940/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> a matsayin Maye * ''[[Alan Poza]]'' '' (2013) a matsayin Kokori Oshare'' * ''Rayuwar Ma'aurata na Najeriya (2015) a matsayin Emeka'' * ''Jinin a cikin Lagoon'' (2015) a matsayin George Dibiya<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-08-06 |title=Nollywood's Generation Next Actors (2) |url=https://punchng.com/nollywoods-generation-next-actors-2/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://punchng.com/nollywoods-generation-next-actors-2/ "Nollywood's Generation Next Actors (2)"]. ''Punch Newspapers''. 2016-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> * ''Ma'aurata na Kwanaki (2016) a matsayin Dan'' * ''Wani abu mara kyau'' (2017) a matsayin Habila<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2017-02-15 |title="Something Wicked" packs a punch with a satisfying jolting end |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-something-wicked-packs-a-punch-with-a-satisfying-jolting-end/kq776g4 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFizuzu2017">izuzu, chibumga (2017-02-15). [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-something-wicked-packs-a-punch-with-a-satisfying-jolting-end/kq776g4 ""Something Wicked" packs a punch with a satisfying jolting end"]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Gidan yaƙi (African Magic Series) (2017) a matsayin Ola Badmus<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Rita |date=2021-04-30 |title=Okey Uzoeshi Biography– Life and Career of The Star |url=https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Pearlsnews – Top Entertainment News and Gossip in Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501070552/https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFWriter2021">Writer, Rita (2021-04-30). [https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ "Okey Uzoeshi Biography– Life and Career of The Star"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501070552/https://pearlsnews.com/okey-uzoeshi-biography-life-and-career-of-the-star/ |date=2021-05-01 }}. ''Pearlsnews – Top Entertainment News and Gossip in Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> * ''Sessions (2020) a matsayin Ejiro'' * 'Yan'uwa mata na jini (2022) a matsayin Winston<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=Sisters Bound By Blood- Blood Sisters: A Netflix Nigerian Thriller |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/sisters-bound-by-blood-blood-sisters-a-netflix-nigerian-thriller/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404175235/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/sisters-bound-by-blood-blood-sisters-a-netflix-nigerian-thriller/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Cook (2023) a matsayin Jibra'ilu'' * ''Aces na Hurt (2023) a matsayin Ugo'' * ''Wedding Night Blues (2024) a matsayin Dr. Badmus'' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 34tl0m4gksh7q0j1uk7qkiqkva0b98z 0 99864 888992 679892 2026-07-29T14:21:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nandi Madida''' (née Mngoma; an haife ta ranar 20 ga watan Maris, 1988) mawaƙiyar Afirka ta Kudu ce, ƴar fim, abin ƙira kuma mai gabatar da shirin talabijin. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Maphumulo, KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>"Nandi Mngoma". thenation.co.za. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2020</ref> Ta tashi zuwa tauraro bayan DJ Franky ya nuna ta a matsayin mawaƙiya akan "Yau da dare", wanda aka saki (2012).<ref>Meet the Judges!". thenextbrandambassador. Retrieved 3 March 2020.[permanent dead link</ref> Bayan sanya hannu tare da Ƙungiyar Kiɗa ta Duniya a cikin 2011, Madida ta fitar da kundi na studio na farko mai taken Nandi (2012). ==Rayuwar farko da Karatu== An haifi Madida a Maphumulo kuma ta girma a Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Ta yi makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Danville Park,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/Nandi-Mngoma-gives-back-to-her-old-school-20151015&grqid=eZBsFhsl&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Nandi Mngoma gives back to her old school|date=2015-10-15|publisher=channel24.co.za|accessdate=2020-03-03}}</ref> bayan ta kammala Sakandire ta wuce domin ta karanci shari'a a [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal|UKZN]] daga baya zuwa Kwalejin (Varsity College), duk da cewa shirinta na farko shine ta karanci fannin aikin jarida.<ref name="youthvillage.co.za">{{cite web|url=https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2014/09/10-things-didnt-know-nandi-mngoma/&grqid=QNhPe3Pv&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=10 things You Didn't Know About Nandi Mngoma|publisher=youthvillage.co.za|date=2014-09-10|accessdate=2020-03-03}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Madida ta kasance mai rawa kuma abin koyi tun tana ƙarama. Ta lashe kyautar Miss Junior RSA a lokacin tana ƴar shekara takwas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.designindaba.com/profiles/nandi-mngoma|title=Nandi Mngoma|publisher=designindaba.com|accessdate=2020-03-03}}</ref> ==Sana'a da Ayyuka== Rawar da ta taka a wasan nuna bajinta-(talent show), ya yi silar da ta samu aiki a [[Gateway Theatre of Shopping|Gateway Mall]] da ke garin [[uMhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal|Umhlanga]] a matsayin mai gabatar da wasa a dakin gabatar da wasanni ko shirye-shiryen taro, waka ko fim-(theatre). A cikin shekara ta 2004, a lokacin tana ƴar shekara 15, ta gabatar da shirin ta na farko a matsayin mai gabatar da shirin talabijin ga gidan talabijin na SABC2, a wani shiri mai suna; ''Bling'', wanda wannan shiri ya fi mayar da hankali kan kiɗa da fina-finai.<ref name="youthvillage.co.za"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/2018-03-22-throwbackthursday-south-african-child-stars-you-almost-forgot/&grqid=3eF3a-Ux&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Throwback Thursday — South African child stars you almost forgot|publisher=sowetanlive.co.za|date=2018-03-22|accessdate=2020-03-03}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===2011 zuwa 2013: Nandi=== A shekarar 2011, ta saki waƙarta ta farko "Tonight". Daga baya ta rattaba hannu tare da Ƙungiyar Kiɗa ta Duniya kuma ta fitar da kundi na farko mai taken '''Nandi''' ta a shekara ta 2012.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/nandi/1442514059|title=Nandi Mngoma — NANDI|publisher=music.apple.com|accessdate=2020-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.designindaba.com/profiles/nandi-mngoma&grqid=RKzNPdzB&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Nandi Mngoma|publisher=designindaba.com|accessdate=2020-03-03}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===2013=== A cikin shekara ta 2013, ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ProVerb da Dineo Ranaka a wani shirin Mujallar Mzansi Magic All Access Mzansi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://briefly.co.za/33284-nandi-mngoma-biography-age-baby-husband-parents-wedding-songs.html&grqid=FR1XYrwL&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Nandi Mngoma|publisher=briefly.co.za|accessdate=2020-03-03}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2014, ita da [[K.O (rapper)|K.O]] sun fitar da waƙar "Skhanda Love", ta zama abin burgewa nan take kuma a ƙarshe an zaɓi wakar don yin takarar lashe lambobin yabo da yawa daga mabanbantan kungiyoyi masu gabatar da lambar yabo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-30-nandi-madida-and-ko-say-we-do-to-duet/&grqid=a83-EREa&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Nandi Madida and KO say we do to duet|publisher=sowetanlive.co.za|date=2019-08-30|accessdate=2020-03-04}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ===2015 zuwa 2016=== Daga 2015 zuwa 2016, ta fito a shirin Zokuthula Dhlomo a cikin Mzansi Magic telenovela The Road. Ta dauki nauyin shirya shirin talabijin mai dogon zango na gaskiya na e.tv realty, mai suna '''Coke Studio'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.news24.com/Drum/Archive/nandi-mngoma-to-star-on-mzansi-magics-new-telenovela-the-road-20170728&grqid=cC5wfjxF&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Nandi Mngoma to star on Mzansi Magics new telenovela — The Road|date=2017-07-28|accessdate=2020-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-artists-nandi-mngoma-and-trey-host-2nd-season-coke-studio%26grqid%3DJRITjIEA%26s%3D1%26hl%3Den-ZA|title=Nandi Mngoma and Trey host the 2nd season of Coke Studio|publisher=Musicinafrica.net|accessdate=2020-03-03|archive-date=2020-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303135842/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-artists-nandi-mngoma-and-trey-host-2nd-season-coke-studio%26grqid%3DJRITjIEA%26s%3D1%26hl%3Den-ZA|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ecr.co.za">{{cite web|url=https://www.ecr.co.za/shows/damon-beard-/nandi-mngoma-zakes-bantwini-get-married/&grqid=ka28pn_d&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Nandi Mngoma and Zakes Bantwini get married|publisher=ecr.co.za|accessdate=2020-03-03}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Satumban 2016, ita da Ayanda Thabethe sun dauki nauyin gudanar da shirin BET entertainment magazine show BET A-List.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/media/116012/nandi-madida-and-ayanda-thabethe-unveiled-as-presenters-of-bet-a-list&grqid=hEn0U6LS&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Nandi Madida and Ayanda Thabethe Unveiled as Presenters of BET - A List|publisher=mediaupdate.co.za|date=2016-08-22|accessdate=2020-03-03}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mzansiguardian.com/nandi-mngoma-madiba-ayanda-thabethe-host-lifestyle-show-bet-a-list/&grqid=hEn0U6LS&s=1&hl=en-ZA|title=Nandi Mngoma-Madida and Ayanda Thabethe host lifestyle show BET A List|publisher=mzansiguardian.com|date=2016-08-22|accessdate=2020-03-03}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Fim da Waka== ===Jadawalin Finafinanta=== * ''All Access Mzansi'' (2013) – Herself<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Nandi Madida {{!}} TVSA|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=15714|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> * ''ScreenTime with Nicky Greenwall'' (2014) – Herself<ref>{{Cite web|title=ScreenTime with Nicky Greenwall {{!}} Season 3 {{!}} TVSA|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=1838&season=3|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> * ''The Road'' (2015) – Zokuthula "Zoe" Dhlomo<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Nandi Madida|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm11947227/|access-date=2020-12-17|website=IMDb}}</ref> * ''Code Green'' (2015) – Herself<ref>{{Cite web|title=Code Green {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=3228&season=1|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> * ''Coke Studio'' (2016) – Herself<ref name=":1" /> * ''BET A-List'' (2016) – Herself<ref>{{Cite web|title=BET's A-List -ers: Nandi Madida & Ayanda Thabethe|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sport/rugby/international/bets-a-list-ers-nandi-madida-and-ayanda-thabethe-2059794|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> * ''Lip Sync Battle Africa'' (2017) – Herself<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sekhu|first=Michael|title=Nandi Madida and Jessica Nkosi to face off in Lip Sync Battle Africa|url=https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/1515093/nandi-madida-jessica-nkosi-face-off-lip-sync-battle-africa/|access-date=2020-12-17|website=The Citizen|language=en}}</ref> * ''The Next Brand Ambassador'' (2019) – Herself<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet The Judges|url=http://thenextbrandambassador.com/meet-the-judges/|access-date=2020-12-17|website=The Next Brand Ambassador|language=en-ZA}}</ref> * ''[[Black Is King]]'' (2020) – Nala<ref name=":2" /> ===Fannin Waka=== ====Solo studio albums==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Title !Album Details !Peak Chart Positions !Ref |- |''Nandi'' | * Released: 1 January 2012 * Label: Universal Music (Pty) Ltd South Africa | |<ref name=":0" /> |} ==== Singles==== =====As lead artist===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Title !Year !Peak Chart Positions !Album !Ref |- |"Mnandi" |2012 | |''Nandi'' |<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Nandi Madida - "Mnandi"|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/mnandi-radio-edit-single/1444278955|access-date=2020-12-17|website=music.apple.com}}</ref> |- |"Goodtimes" |2013 | |''Nandi'' |<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Nandi Madida - "Goodtimes (Radio Edit)"|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/goodtimes-radio-edit-single/1444596321|access-date=2020-12-17|website=music.apple.com}}</ref> |- |"In My Skin" |2014 | |Non-album single |<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Nandi Madida - "In My Skin"|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/in-my-skin-single/1444583017|access-date=2020-12-17|website=music.apple.com}}</ref> |- |"Organic" |2020 | |TBA |<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Nandi Madida - "Organic"|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/organic-single/1530569593|access-date=2020-12-17|website=music.apple.com}}</ref> |} =====As featured artist===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Title !Year !Peak Chart Positions !Album !Ref |- |"Skhanda Love" <small>([[K.O (rapper)|K.O.]] feat. Nandi Mngoma)</small> |2014 | |''Skhanda Republic'' |<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=K.O. - Skhanda Republic|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/skhanda-love-feat-nandi-mngoma/1468562953?i=1468562960|access-date=2020-12-17|website=music.apple.com|archive-date=17 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217111655/https://music.apple.com/za/album/skhanda-love-feat-nandi-mngoma/1468562953?i=1468562960|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |"Say U Will" <small>([[K.O (rapper)|K.O.]] feat. Nandi Mngoma)</small> |2019 | |''PTY UnLTD'' |<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=K.O. - PTD UnLtd|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/pty-unltd/1479859705|access-date=2020-12-17|website=music.apple.com}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da Ayyanawa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Awards !Work !Category !Result !{{abbrv|Ref.|References}} |- |2020 |[[South Africa Music Awards|SAMA 26]] |"Say U Will" |Best Collaboration |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=KO, Nandi Madida, Davido win big at virtual SAMA26|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/ko-nandi-madida-davido-win-big-at-virtual-sama26--ed665a0f-9a4c-47a6-9f21-58d1fa2afa86|access-date=2020-12-17|website=Independent Online |language=en}}</ref> |- |2024 |GQ Best Dressed Awards |Herself |Best Dressed Couple |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Introducing the 2024 Best Dressed Winners|work=GQ Magazine|date=2024-08-31|access-date=2024-09-01|url=https://www.gq.co.za/style/gq-best-dressed/introducing-the-2024-best-dressed-winners-f26f5854-9252-4359-bdf2-a49fcd8a5404|first=Shannon|last=Manuel}}</ref> |} == Rayuwar kashin kai == Nandi Madida ta auri [[Zakes Bantwini|Zakhele Madida]] Wanda aka fi sani da '''Zakes Bantwini''', sun haifi yara biyu.<ref name="ecr.co.za"/> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Madida, Nandi}} [[Category:Mawaka daga Durban]] [[Category: Dalibar Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] [[Category: Mutanen Afrika ta Kudu]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1988]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] i465o1pcklefqa5jvjehrobsbv5qpf2 0 99972 889026 667674 2026-07-29T15:37:53Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ivan Gladstone Van Sertima''' (26 Janairu 1935 - 25 Mayu 2009) ɗan ƙasar Guyane ɗan asalin ƙasar Burtaniya abokin farfesa ne na Nazarin Afirka a Jami'ar Rutgers ta Amurka.<ref>"Ivan van Sertima". Rutgers African-American Alumni Hall of Fame Inductees. 2004</ref> An fi saninsa da shi don hasashen asalin asalin sa na Olmec, alama ce ta ka'idar tuntuɓar kafin Columbia, wacce ya gabatar a cikin littafinsa Sun zo Kafin Columbus (1976). Yayin da ka'idar Olmec ta "ya yadu sosai a cikin al'ummar Amirka na Afirka, duka biyu da kuma masu ilimi", yawanci an yi watsi da ita a cikin malaman Mesoamericanist, kuma an kira shi Afrocentric pseudoarchaeology da kuma tarihin tarihi zuwa sakamakon "samun al'adun ƴan asalin Amirka".<ref>Card, Jeb J.; Anderson, David S. (2016). Lost City, Found Pyramid: Understanding Alternative Archaeologies and Pseudoscientific Practices. University of Alabama Press. pp. 73, 75, 76, 79. <nowiki>ISBN 9780817319113</nowiki>. Retrieved 12 November 2019</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Van Sertima a Kauyen Kitty, kusa da Georgetown, a cikin abin da a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Guiana na Burtaniya ([[Guyana]] na yanzu); ya rike zama dan kasar Birtaniya a tsawon rayuwarsa. Ya yi makarantar firamare da sakandare a Guyana.<ref>Browne, Murphy. "Ivan Van Sertima's books great reading for Black History Month". Retrieved 6 June 2016.</ref> Ya halarci Makarantar Gabas da Nazarin Afirka (SOAS) a Jami'ar London daga 1959. Van Sertima ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a cikin harsunan Afirka da wallafe-wallafe a SOAS a cikin 1969, inda ya kammala karatunsa da girmamawa.<ref>"Ivan Van Sertima (In Memoriam, 1935-2009)". Rutgers University. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016</ref><ref>"Guyanese Dr. Ivan Van Sertima passes at 74". Kaieteur News. 29 May 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2016.</ref> Daga 1957 zuwa 1959, Van Sertima ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in yada labarai da yada labarai a Sabis na Watsa Labarai na Guyana. A cikin 1960s, ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a Burtaniya a matsayin ɗan jarida, yana yin shirye-shiryen mako-mako zuwa Caribbean da Afirka. Van Sertima ya auri Maria Nagy a 1964; sun dauki ’ya’ya biyu maza, Larry da Michael. A cikin yin aikin fage a Afirka, ya haɗa ƙamus na kalmomin Swahili a cikin 1967.<ref>"Van Sertima, Giant Scholar, Dies at 74", Black Star News, 30 May 2009</ref> A cikin 1970 Van Sertima ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka, inda ya shiga Jami'ar Rutgers a New Brunswick, [[New Jersey]], don aikin digiri. Bayan ya saki matarsa ​​ta farko, Van Sertima ya sake yin aure a shekara ta 1984, ga Jacqueline L. Patten, wadda ke da 'ya'ya mata biyu. == Aikin da aka buga == Ya buga Sun zo gaban Columbus a cikin 1976, a matsayin ɗalibin kammala karatun digiri na Rutgers. Littafin ya yi magana da yawa game da hujjojinsa na asalin Afirka na al'adun Mesoamerican a Yammacin Yammacin Turai.<ref>Van Sertima, Ivan (1976). They Came Before Columbus. Random House. p. 125. <nowiki>ISBN 9781560007920</nowiki>.</ref> An buga ta Random House maimakon jarida na ilimi, Sun zo Kafin Columbus ya kasance mafi kyawun siyarwa kuma ya sami kulawa sosai a cikin al'ummar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] saboda iƙirarin sa na tuntuɓar Afirka da yaɗa al'adu a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Gabaɗaya ƙwararrun ilimi sun “yi watsi da shi ko kuma suka kore shi” kuma an yi suka sosai dalla-dalla a cikin mujallar ilimi, Current Anthropology, a cikin 1997.<ref>Reece, Maggie (14 January 2012), "Ivan Van-Sertima – Anthropologist, linguist, educator and author", Guyana Graphic</ref> Van Sertima ya kammala digirinsa na biyu a Rutgers a shekara ta 1977. Ya zama mataimakin farfesa na Nazarin Afirka a Rutgers a Sashen Nazarin Afirka a 1979.[5] Har ila yau, a cikin 1979, Van Sertima ya kafa Jarida na wayewar Afirka, wanda ya keɓance shi na musamman kuma ya buga shekaru da yawa.<ref>"Dr. Ivan Van Sertima". Journal of African Civilizations. Retrieved 6 June 2016</ref> Ya wallafa tatsuniyoyi da yawa na shekara-shekara, kundin mujallar da ke magana da batutuwa daban-daban na tarihin Afirka. Labarinsa "The Lost Sciences of Africa: An Overview" (1983) yayi magana game da ci gaban Afirka na farko a fannin ƙarfe, ilmin taurari, lissafi, gine-gine, injiniyanci, aikin gona, kewayawa, magani da rubutu. Ya bayyana cewa, manyan makarantu, a Afirka kamar sauran wurare, su ne adana manyan mutane a cibiyoyin wayewa, wanda ke sanya su cikin rauni idan aka lalata wadannan cibiyoyin da kuma asarar irin wannan ilimin. Van Sertima ya kuma tattauna gudunmawar kimiyyar Afirka a cikin wata makala don ƙarar Renaissance na Afirka, wanda aka buga a 1999 (ya fara buga makalar a 1983). Wannan shi ne tarihin taron da aka yi a birnin Johannesburg na Afirka ta Kudu a watan Satumba na shekarar 1998 kan taken ci gaban Afirka. A ranar 7 ga Yuli 1987, Van Sertima ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka don nuna adawa da amincewa da bikin cika shekaru 500 na "gano" Amurkawa na Christopher Columbus. Ya ce, "Ba za ku iya tunanin yadda ake cin mutuncin 'yan asalin Amirkawa ba ... a ce an gano su."<ref>Sirica, Jack (4 August 1987). "Native Opposition to a 1492 Party". Newsday. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Van Sertima ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2006. Ya rasu a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2009 yana da shekara 74.<ref>"Historian Dr. Ivan Van Sertima Passes". Black Entertainment Television. 29 May 2009</ref> Matarsa ​​Jacqueline Van Sertima, ta ce za ta ci gaba da buga mujallar Afirka ta wayewar kai kuma ta yi shirin buga littafin waƙarsa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2009]] b318h80qai9u8w925o7ehh68rfd6fod 0 100946 888993 853002 2026-07-29T14:27:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nanjala Nyabola''' marubuci ne ɗan kasar Kenya, manazarcin siyasa, kuma mai fafutuka da ke [[Nairobi]], Kenya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2008 |title=Prize Students Step-up to Receive Awards |url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2008/07/11Jul-Awards.aspx |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=University of Birmingham}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adebanjo |first=Oluwayemisi |date=2019 |title=Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: How the Internet Era is Transforming Politics in Kenya |url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/digital-democracy-analogue-politics-how-internet/docview/2344257427/se-2 |journal=African Studies Quarterly |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=85–86}}</ref> == Sana'a == Nyabola ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da zamantakewar Afirka da siyasa, fasaha, dokokin duniya, da wallafe-wallafen ilimi da waɗanda ba na ilimi ba. Littafinta na farko ''Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: Yadda Intanet Era ke Canjawa Kenya'' ( Zed Books, 2018) an bayyana shi a matsayin "dole ne a karanta wa duk masu bincike da 'yan jarida da ke rubuta game da Kenya a yau". <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=deSouza |first=Priyanka |date=2018-12-07 |title=Book Review: Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: How the Internet Era is Transforming Kenya by Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2018/12/07/book-review-digital-democracy-analogue-politics-how-the-internet-era-is-transforming-kenya-by-nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=LSE Review of Books |language=en-US}}</ref> Nyabola ya gudanar da [[Tallafin karatu na Rhodes|Karatun Sakandare na Rhodes]] a Kwalejin Harris Manchester, [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a cikin shekarar 2009, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhodes Scholar Database |url=https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/alumni-volunteers/rhodes-scholar-database/ |access-date=2021-01-30 |website=Rhodes Trust}}</ref> ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko ta shekarar 2017 na Manufofin Kashe Manufofin Harkokin Waje, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Foreign Policy Interrupted {{!}} H. Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://www.fpinterrupted.com/fellows/h-nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma ya kasance 2017 Logan Nonfiction Program Fellow a Cibiyar Carey don Kyau ta Duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-27 |title=H. Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://careyinstitute.org/index/h-nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=Carey Institute for Global Good |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710152538/https://careyinstitute.org/index/h-nanjala-nyabola/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nyabola na zaune a kwamitin Amnesty International Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Board |url=https://www.amnestykenya.org/who-we-are/our-board.html |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=Amnesty International Kenya |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ilimi == Nyabola yana da digiri da yawa a siyasa da doka: <ref name=":0"/> * BA Nazarin Afirka da Kimiyyar Siyasa, Jami'ar Birmingham * MSc tilasta Hijira, Jami'ar Oxford * MSc Nazarin Afirka, Jami'ar Oxford * JD daga Harvard Law School * semester musayar: Geneva Graduate Institute . <ref>{{Cite web |title=H. Nanjala Nyabola ’14 |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/ils/roadmaps/h-nanjala-nyabola-14/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Harvard Law School |language=en-us}}</ref> == Aikin Jarida == Nyabola ya yi rubuce-rubuce sosai game da al'ummar Afirka da siyasa, musamman Kenya, tare da tattaunawa kan fasaha, dokokin kasa da kasa, da kuma batun mata. Ayyukanta sun fito a cikin wallafe-wallafe da kuma gidajen yanar gizo ciki har da [[African Arguments|muhawarar Afirka]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola, Author at African Arguments |url=https://africanarguments.org/author/nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=African Arguments |language=en-GB}}</ref> Al Jazeera, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/profile/nanjala-nyabola.html |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> ''Financial Times'', [ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://www.ft.com/stream/794830c4-2920-4826-91a1-c529d1e1ed36 |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=Financial Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''Harkokin Waje'', ''Manufofin Harkokin Waje'', [ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola – Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/author/nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/nanjala-nyabola |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> ''[[New African]]'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search for "nanjala nyabola" - New African Magazine |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/?s=nanjala+nyabola |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=newafricanmagazine.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola {{!}} The New Humanitarian |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/authors/nanjala-nyabola |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=www.thenewhumanitarian.org}}</ref> ''Humanitarian'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://thenewinquiry.com/author/nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=The New Inquiry |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Sabuwar Binciken'' ''Afirka'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Author Details |url=https://newint.org/author/Nanjala%20Nyabola |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=New Internationalist |language=en}}</ref> Sabuwar ''Manufofin Duniya'' 1 Okay <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/u/nanjala_nyabola |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=runner |language=en |archive-date=2019-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710224128/https://www.okayafrica.com/u/nanjala_nyabola |url-status=dead }}</ref> New International Journal 1 Okay <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Results for "nanjala nyabola" – World Policy |url=https://worldpolicy.org/?s=nanjala+nyabola |access-date=2019-07-10 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tashar ra'ayi ta Aljazeera ta shekarar 2014 "Me yasa kafofin yada labarai na Yamma ke yin kuskure a Afirka?" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyabola |first=Nanjala |date=2 January 2014 |title=Why do Western media get Africa wrong? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/01/why-do-western-media-get-africa-wrong-20141152641935954.html |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> ya haifar da tattaunawa mai yawa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wrong |first=Michela |date=2014-02-21 |title=In defence of western journalists in Africa |url=https://africanarguments.org/2014/02/21/in-defence-of-western-journalists-in-africa-by-michela-wrong/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=African Arguments |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-02 |title=Why do Western media get Africa wrong? |url=http://tmsruge.com/2014/01/02/why-do-western-media-get-africa-wrong/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=TMS Ruge |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710224129/http://tmsruge.com/2014/01/02/why-do-western-media-get-africa-wrong/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=What does a round of 'African nations in high school' say about |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/oped/comment/African-nations-in-high-school-say-about-our-identity-crisis/434750-2150580-ipid4nz/index.html |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dersso |first=Solomon |date=6 March 2014 |title=Reporting Africa: In defence of a critical debate |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/02/reporting-africa-defence-critica-20142239273085728.html |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Solomon |first=Salem |date=23 April 2014 |title=Examining the roots of biased reporting on Africa {{!}} Africa Talks |url=https://www.africa-talks.com/2014/04/23/examining-the-roots-of-biased-reporting-on-africa/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=www.africa-talks.com}}</ref> ciki har da Sashen Duniya na BBC <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service - World Have Your Say, Is it the media's responsibility to champion Africa, or simply understand it? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01nqyw7 |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma a cikin tsarin koyarwa [[Jami'ar McGill|na Jami'ar McGill]] na shekarar 2014 game da wakilcin Yammacin Afirka a kafofin watsa labarai da al'adun pop. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barber |first=Nicholas |date=2014 |title=Syllabus - Africa in Media and Pop Culture |url=https://www.mcgill.ca/isid/files/isid/nick_barber_intd_497_updated.pdf |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=mcgill.ca |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404182728/https://www.mcgill.ca/isid/files/isid/nick_barber_intd_497_updated.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ra'ayinta na ''Guardian'' 2010 "Me ya sa, a matsayina na ɗan Afirka, na ɗauki guraben karatu na Rhodes" an zaɓi shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 5 Mafi kyawun ginshiƙan Laraba a cikin ''Tekun Atlantika'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Jared Keller, Alex Eichler, Jake |date=2010-05-05 |title=5 Best Wednesday Columns |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2010/05/5-best-wednesday-columns/345714/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=The Atlantic |language=en-US}}</ref> == Maganar jama'a == [[Fayil:Nanjala_Nyabola_-_CC_by_Maria_Silvano_-_At_Disruption_Network_Lab_-_Hate_News_conference_2018-05-25.jpg|thumb| Nyabola a Lab ɗin Sadarwar Rushewa a [[Berlin]], 2018]] [[Fayil:Future_Affairs_Berlin_2019_-_„Laura_Rosenberger,_Uri_Rosenthal,_Andreas_Michaelis,_Nanjala_Nyabola,_Oliver_della_Costa_Stuenkel.jpg|thumb| Laura Rosenberger, Uri Rosenthal, Andreas Michaelis, Nanjala Nyabola, Oliver della Costa Stuenkel in 2019]] Nyabola ya kasance mai yawan ba da gudummawa ga Sashen Duniya na BBC, musamman kan batutuwan da suka shafi siyasa da fasahar Kenya. <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service - Business Daily, Tackling Fake News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3cswh0x |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service - Focus on Africa, Political violence erupts in Guinea |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w172vtw9sw06ffb |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service - Africa Today, Kenya Election Watch Special |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p05bf51d |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2017 |title=BBC World Service - Business Matters, Raila Odinga Calls for Boycott of Kenyan Elections |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w172vg069l11zy6 |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ita ce kwararriyar magana a jami'o'i ciki har da tattaunawa game da siyasar Afirka, musamman Kenya, ƙaura, mata, da dijital a Jami'ar Edinburgh, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre of African Studies: Events : Africa in 2019: Prospects & Forecasts |url=http://www.cas.ed.ac.uk/events/seminar_series/2018_2019/africa_in_2019_prospects_and_forecasts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711161532/http://www.cas.ed.ac.uk/events/seminar_series/2018_2019/africa_in_2019_prospects_and_forecasts |archive-date=2019-07-11 |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=www.cas.ed.ac.uk}}</ref> SOAS, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa in 2018: Prospects & Forecasts {{!}} SOAS University of London |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/cas/events/22jan2018-africa-in-2018-prospects--forecasts-.html |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=www.soas.ac.uk |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NANJALA NYABOLA |url=https://www.soasadf.org/previous-speakers/2018/2/13/nanjala-nyabola-rahzx |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=SOAS African Development Forum |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711161532/https://www.soasadf.org/previous-speakers/2018/2/13/nanjala-nyabola-rahzx |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Jami'ar Stanford]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Table: Kenyan Feminisms in the Digital Age {{!}} Center for African Studies |url=https://africanstudies.stanford.edu/events/africa-table-kenyan-feminisms-digital-age |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=africanstudies.stanford.edu}}</ref> Nyabola ya kasance mai magana da aka gayyata a yawancin tarurrukan kasa da kasa kan siyasar dijital, ciki har da re:publica 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Introducing: #rpAccra Speaker Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://accra18.re-publica.com/en/news/introducing-rpaccra-speaker-nanjala-nyabola |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=re:publica |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114090133/https://accra18.re-publica.com/en/news/introducing-rpaccra-speaker-nanjala-nyabola |url-status=dead }}</ref> da 2019, <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Tech Can't Fix |url=https://19.re-publica.com/en/session/what-tech-cant-fix |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=re:publica 2019 |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231115712/https://19.re-publica.com/en/session/what-tech-cant-fix |url-status=dead }}</ref> Forum na 2018 akan 'Yancin Intanet a Afirka, <ref>{{Cite web |title=CIPESA-FIFAfrica2018-participant-Nanjala-Nyabola |url=https://cipesa.org/fifafrica/speaker/nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=Cipesa Events |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006194403/https://cipesa.org/fifafrica/speaker/nanjala-nyabola/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> da 2019 RightsCon a Tunis. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjala Nyabola's schedule for RightsCon Tunis 2019 |url=https://rightscon2019.sched.com/speaker/nanjalanyabola |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=rightscon2019.sched.com}}</ref> Ta ba da jigon buɗewa a taron 2022 Associationungiyar Masu Binciken Intanet . <ref name=":2"/> == Ayyuka == === Littattafai === * 2020: ''Travelling While Black: Essays Inspired by a Life on the Move'' – a collection of essays published by Hurst Publishers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Travelling While Black {{!}} Hurst Publishers |url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/travelling-while-black/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=HURST |language=en-GB}}</ref> The essays analyse the radicalised experience of travelling as "a middle-class, mobile, Black African female"<ref name=":4" /> and is interspersed with "personal stories that are witty, moving, unsettling, and harrowing in turn".<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Primorac |first=Ranka |date=2021-07-03 |title=Travelling While Black: Essays Inspired by a Life on the Move |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2021.1918469 |journal=Wasafiri |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=102–103 |doi=10.1080/02690055.2021.1918469 |issn=0269-0055 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> The book was positively received and featured in ''The Times Literary Supplement''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Saro-Wiwa |first=Noo |date=January 15, 2021 |title=Travelling While Black by Nanjala Nyabola book review {{!}} The TLS |url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/travelling-while-black-nanjala-nyabola-review-noo-saro-wiwa/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Times Literary Supplement |language=en-GB}}</ref> and NPR<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rewriting The Travel Guidebook With Nanjala Nyabola : Rough Translation |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/02/24/971101662/rewriting-the-travel-guidebook-with-nanjala-nyabola |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref> among others. Ranka Primorac writes that the book "has sharp and urgent things to say about racism in America, xenophobia in Africa, and the future of Pan-Africanism".<ref name=":5" /> * 2018: ''Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: How the Internet Era is Transforming Politics in Kenya'' was published by Zed Books.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics |url=https://www.zedbooks.net/shop/book/digital-democracy-analogue-politics/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=ZED Books |language=en}}</ref> A review in ''African Studies Quarterly'' described it as a "highly refreshing, innovative, and descriptive narrative sheds light on contemporary Kenya, highlighting the impact of technology on its political and social systems".<ref name=":4" /> It received positive reviews from ''LSE Review of Books'',<ref name=":3"/> Duncan Green,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-03 |title=Book Review: Nanjala Nyabola, Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: How the Internet Era is Transforming Politics in Kenya |url=https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/book-review-nanjala-nyabola-digital-democracy-analogue-politics-how-the-internet-era-is-transforming-politics-in-kenya/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710224132/https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/book-review-nanjala-nyabola-digital-democracy-analogue-politics-how-the-internet-era-is-transforming-politics-in-kenya/ |archive-date=10 July 2019 |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=From Poverty to Power |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''Business Daily Africa'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayieka |first=Ivy |date=24 January 2019 |title=BOOK REVIEW: Kenya's digital democracy against analogue politics |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/books/Kenya-digital-democracy-against-analogue-politics/4307736-4949730-d3bgw2z/index.html |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=Business Daily}}</ref> between the lines podcast from the Institute of Development Studies<ref>{{Cite web |title=Podcast Ep 09: Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics – Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://www.ids.ac.uk/events/podcast-episode-09-digital-democracy-analogue-politics-nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=www.ids.ac.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> and the Africa Oxford Initiative podcast at the University of Oxford.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: How the digital era is transforming Kenya {{!}} University of Oxford Podcasts - Audio and Video Lectures |url=https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/digital-democracy-analogue-politics-how-digital-era-transforming-kenya |access-date=2019-07-10 |website=podcasts.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> Nyabola has given book talks at numerous universities including the Berkman Klein Center for Internet &amp;amp; Society at [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard University]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-20 |title=Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/events/2019-03-12/digital-democracy-analogue-politics |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=Berkman Klein Center |language=en}}</ref> the [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Talk : What Technology Can't Fix by Nanjala Nyabola {{!}} Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research |url=https://wiser.wits.ac.za/event/book-talk-what-technology-cant-fix-nanjala-nyabola |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=wiser.wits.ac.za}}</ref> School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University,<ref>{{Cite web |title=On Digital Democracy in Kenya {{!}} Columbia SIPA |url=https://sipa.columbia.edu/news/digital-democracy-kenya |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=sipa.columbia.edu}}</ref> Stanford University Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Civic Spaces in New Digital Places: Theorising Kenya's Digital Civil Society |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/event/old-civic-spaces-in-new-digital-places-theorising-kenyas-digital-civil-society/ |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711161533/https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/event/old-civic-spaces-in-new-digital-places-theorising-kenyas-digital-civil-society/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the University of Cambridge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=talks.cam : Book launch with Nanjala Nyabola - in conversation with Dr Duncan Omanga (CGHR) |url=http://www.talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/113443 |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=www.talks.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> The book is cited in a ''Financial Times'' article on the fight to control Africa's digital revolution. * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26511346. 2018]: ''Where Women Are: Gender & The 2017 Kenyan Elections'' (co-edited with [[Marie-Emmanuelle Pommerolle]]) was published by Heinrich-Boell-Stiftung and [[Twaweza Communications Ltd]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Where Women Are: Gender & The 2017 Kenyan Elections |url=https://ke.boell.org/2018/11/29/where-women-are-gender-2017-kenyan-elections |access-date=2019-07-11 |publisher=Heinrich Böll Stiftung |language=en}}</ref> * 2022: ''Strange and Difficult Times: Notes on a Global Pandemic'' was published by [https://www.hurstpublishers.com/ Hurst Publishers].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strange and Difficult Times {{!}} Hurst Publishers |url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/strange-and-difficult-times/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=HURST |language=en-GB}}</ref> The essays address the global [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|COVID-19]] pandemic from Nyabola's vantage point in [[Gabashin Afirka|East Africa]] and as a global traveler subjected to lockdown. Interspersed with a personal account she also "examines the biases, assumptions and failures in Western responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and touches on the ways in which the pandemic has exacerbated global inequalities."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-17 |title="So many stories don't get told properly" {{!}} A Conversation with Nanjala Nyabola |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/05/we-saw-that-if-we-didnt-look-after-each-and-fight-for-each-other-the-world-would-not-bat-an-eyelid-in-letting-us-die-a-conversation-with-nanjala-nyabola/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> An excerpt was published in ''The Johannesburg Review of Books''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-17 |title=‘Every African who has been paying attention to the global Covid-19 response is angry. Listen to us as we tell you why.’—Read an excerpt from Strange and Difficult Times |url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2023/02/17/every-african-who-has-been-paying-attention-to-the-global-covid-19-response-is-angry-listen-to-us-as-we-tell-you-why-read-an-excerpt-from-strange-and-difficult-times/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=The Johannesburg Review of Books |language=en-US}}</ref> === Littafin surori === * "Shaida a Matsayin Rubutu: Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Iyakoki na Hanyoyi na Shari'a ga Kariyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira". A cikin ''Matan Afirka a Ƙarƙashin Wuta: Maganar Adabi a Yaƙi da Rikici,'' wanda Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield ya buga a shekarar 2017. * "Ra'ayin Kafofin watsa labarai: Kafofin watsa labarun da Sabbin Labarai: 'Yan Kenya Tweet Back". Babi a ''Hoton Watsa Labarai na Afirka a cikin karni na 21: Daga 'Zuciyar Duhu' zuwa 'Tashin Afirka','' wanda Routledge ya buga a cikin shekarar 2016 === Takardu === * Nyabola, Nanjala. "Matakan Kenya a Zamanin Dijital." ''Karatun Mata Kwata-kwata'', juzu'i. 46, ba. 3 & 4, 2018, shafi.&nbsp;261-72. ''JSTOR'', https://www.jstor.org/stable/26511346 . An shiga 7 Yuni 2024. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Ƴar Jarida]] [[Rukuni:Marubuciya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Kenya]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jjh8z8xlr05560j68p75kmpln4l0uiz 0 100952 889320 795967 2026-07-30T09:01:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An haifi '''Paula Maria Fray''' (1966-04-06 ) ƴar jarida ƴar Afirka ta Kudu ce, ƴar kasuwa kuma mai horar da ci gaban watsa labarai. Ita ce kuma mace ta farko editan jaridar Saturday Star ta Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-04 |title=Book of SA Women: Media |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2009-08-04-sa-women-media/ |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Joanna |date=2013-08-27 |title=The Media celebrates women in media |url=https://themediaonline.co.za/2013/08/the-media-celebrates-women-in-media/ |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=The Media Online |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi da asali == An haifi Fray a Mthatha da ke yankin Gabashin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta Holy Trinity da ke kogin Elsies. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Athlone, tana karatun digiri a cikin 1983 don halartar [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] . Ta karanci [[Journalism|aikin jarida]] da tarihin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Rhodes inda ta kammala a 1986 tare da digiri na farko a aikin jarida. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paula Maria Fray - South African Journalists' Wiki |url=http://zajournos.wikifoundry.com/page/Paula+Maria+Fray |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=zajournos.wikifoundry.com |archive-date=2020-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210152433/http://zajournos.wikifoundry.com/page/Paula+Maria+Fray |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu|Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu (UNISA)]], Fray ta sami takardar shedar karatun mata da nazarin shari'a a 1996 kuma daga baya ta fara digiri na biyu a fannin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a 2008. <ref name=":0" /> Tun da farko a cikin 2000, an ba ta suna Nieman Fellow a [[Jami'ar Harvard]] don shekarar karatu ta 2000 - 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign Journalists Join Neiman Fellows {{!}} News {{!}} The Harvard Crimson |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2000/5/24/foreign-journalists-join-neiman-fellows-ptwelve/ |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=www.thecrimson.com}}</ref> == Sana'a == A watan Yunin 1999, Fray ta zama edita ta farko a jaridar [https://www.independentmedia.co.za/our-brands/newspapers/saturday-star/ Saturday Star] ta Afirka ta Kudu, mukamin da ta yi murabus a shekarar 2003 kuma ta shiga Blackrock Communications a matsayin Daraktar Ayyuka. A cikin 2005, Fray ya kafa kamfani mai zaman kansa Fray da Associates (Paula Fray & Associates), <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-16 |title=The New Humanitarian welcomes Paula Fray as new board president |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/content/new-humanitarian-welcomes-paula-fray-new-board-president |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=The New Humanitarian |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-13 |title=Paula Fray |url=https://newvoicesfellows.aspeninstitute.org/team/paula-fray/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=New Voices Fellowship |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428204940/https://newvoicesfellows.aspeninstitute.org/team/paula-fray/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> a yau da aka sani da [https://www.frayintermedia.com/ '''fray''' intermedia] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=frayintermedia |date=2020-03-26 |title=Join our #LockdownJournal challenge |url=https://www.frayintermedia.com/post/join-our-lockdownjournal-challenge |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=frayintermedia |language=en |archive-date=2020-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627075841/https://www.frayintermedia.com/post/join-our-lockdownjournal-challenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fray ne ya kafa kamfanin don inganta matsayin aikin jarida, ganin cewa aikin jarida ya sha bamban da sauran sana’o’in hannu domin yana da kuzari sosai kuma ta hanyar kiyaye sabbin abubuwa da sauye-sauye a masana’antar, kamfanin ya ware kansa daga makarantun aikin jarida na gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-10 |title=Fray Intermedia: Paula Fray |url=https://www.experthub.info/success/success-stories/snapshots/fray-intermedia-paula-fray/ |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=ExpertHub |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728211806/https://www.experthub.info/success/success-stories/snapshots/fray-intermedia-paula-fray/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2008, an nada Fray a matsayin Babban Darakta na Yanki na Inter Press Service na Afirka inda ta yi aiki har zuwa Mayu 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2008 |title=Ferial Haffajee appointed as chairperson of the Inter Press Service Africa board |url=https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/media/9259/ferial-haffajee-appointed-as-chairperson-of-the-inter-press-service-africa-board |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=Media Update |language=en}}</ref> Ta karbi mukamin shugabar cibiyar sadarwa '''ta fray''' kuma tun daga nan ta yi aiki kan ayyuka da shawarwari da dama baya ga yin aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara da mai ba da shawara ga kungiyoyi da ayyuka daban-daban. Daga 2012 har zuwa 2016 Fray ya kasance amintaccen [https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/ BrandSA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529222529/https://brandsouthafrica.com/ |date=2025-05-29 }} . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafika |date=2008-05-16 |title=Brand South Africa Trustees |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/about-brand-south-africa/brand-south-africa-trustees |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=Brand South Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425210254/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/about-brand-south-africa/brand-south-africa-trustees |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ombud: Majalisar Jarida ta Afirka ta Kudu daga Janairu 2016 har zuwa Janairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Press Ombudsman |url=http://presscouncil.org.za/Ruling/View/prince-mokotedi-vs-daily-maverick-3011 |access-date=2020-07-30 |website=presscouncil.org.za |archive-date=2024-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314051925/http://presscouncil.org.za/Ruling/View/prince-mokotedi-vs-daily-maverick-3011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2018, bayan gagarumin girma da kuma buƙatar horarwa da jagoranci da ake bayarwa ta hanyar sadarwa na '''fray''', kamfanin ya rabu don kafa kamfanin 'yar'uwarsa, [https://www.fraycollege.com/ kwalejin '''fray'''] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Media and Communications Training {{!}} Fraycollege {{!}} Africa |url=https://www.fraycollege.com/ |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=fraycollege |language=en}}</ref> wanda ke ba da darussan e-Learning da dama <ref>{{Cite web |title=eLearning {{!}} Fraycollege {{!}} Africa |url=https://www.fraycollege.com/elearning |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=fraycollege |language=en |archive-date=2020-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815071815/https://www.fraycollege.com/elearning |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma azuzuwan mutum-mutumi da Fray kanta ta koyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Communications training {{!}} journalism training |url=https://www.fraycollege.com/training |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=fraycollege |language=en |archive-date=2020-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918063147/https://www.fraycollege.com/training |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2019, an nada ta a matsayin Shugabar Sabuwar Humanitarian . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-16 |title=The New Humanitarian welcomes Paula Fray as new board president |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/content/new-humanitarian-welcomes-paula-fray-new-board-president |access-date=2020-07-31 |website=The New Humanitarian |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu kuma Fray yana aiki a matsayin wakilin jama'a a [https://www.presscouncil.org.za/ Majalisar Jarida ta Afirka ta Kudu] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshabalala |first=Tshepo |date=2018-02-08 |title=Press Council appoints Latiefa Mobara as new executive director |url=https://journalism.co.za/press-council-appoints-latiefa-mobara-as-new-executive-director/ |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=Journalism.co.za |language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma a matsayin memba na Hukumar [https://africacheck.org/ Binciken Afirka] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Press Ombudsman |url=https://www.presscouncil.org.za/ |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=www.presscouncil.org.za}}</ref> A shekarar 2019 ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa [https://www.accountabilitylab.org/about-us/country-office-south-africa/ Accountability Lab Afirka ta Kudu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314051924/https://accountabilitylab.org/about-us/country-office-south-africa/ |date=2024-03-14 }} kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin memba na hukumar. === Tambayoyi kan wariyar launin fata a cikin Sauraron Kafofin watsa labarai === A cikin 1998 [[Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Ɗan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu|Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu]] ta sami buƙatu daga Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Baƙar fata (BLA) da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Akanta na Afirka ta Kudu (ABASA) don bincikar wariyar launin fata da jaridu biyu suka yi a Johannesburg, Mail and Guardian da Sunday Times . Editoci da yawa, ciki har da Fray, an ba da sammacin zuwa sauraron karar. Bayan tattaunawar, editoci sun yarda su ba da shaida. Fray ya ce, "kuma ina tsammanin wariyar launin fata, ɗayan ɓangaren jima'i shine zalunci na ciki kuma zai zama wauta a gare ni in ɗauka cewa lokacin da na shiga cikin Tauraruwar Asabar a matsayin editan mace baƙar fata cewa ban ɗauka tare da ni wata hanyar tunani ba, wata hanyar aiki da aka samar daga shekarun da suka yi imani cewa ni mace ce da duk wannan kayan da ke da alaƙa da ke tare da kasancewa baki da mace". <ref name=":02" /> A cikin watan Agustan 2000 hukumar ta fitar da wani rahoto mai suna ' [https://www.sahrc.org.za/home/21/files/Reports/Racismin%20the%20media.pdf2000.pdf Factlines: Inquiry on the wariyar launin fata a kafafen yada labarai] ' tare da bincikensu. Rahoton ya gano cewa "Kafofin watsa labarai na Afirka ta Kudu za a iya kwatanta su a matsayin cibiyoyin wariyar launin fata" amma ya ci gaba da lura "ba mu sami wata shaida da ke nuna manyan kafofin watsa labaru da ke ba da shawarar nuna kyama na launin fata ba ko kuma tayar da rikici na launin fata" === Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka === Kyautar Tsofaffin Daliban Jami'ar Rhodes 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni awards – JMS50 |url=https://jms50.ru.ac.za/alumni-awards/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2023-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002041259/https://jms50.ru.ac.za/alumni-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kyautar SANEF Stephen Wrottesley 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stephen Wrottesley » SANEF {{!}} Protecting Media Freedom |url=https://sanef.org.za/stephen-wrottesley/ |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=SANEF {{!}} Protecting Media Freedom |language=en-US}}</ref> PDMSA 2015 Print & Digital Media SA Fellows <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2015 |title=Dr Peter Magubane honoured at 2015 Standard Bank Sikuvile Journalism Awards |url=https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/media/79398/dr-peter-magubane-honoured-at-2015-standard-bank-sikuvile-journalism-awards |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=Media Update |language=en}}</ref> EY Kasuwancin Nasara Mata Na 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-24 |title=EY launches Entrepreneurial Winning Women Class of 2015 |url=https://www.experthub.info/news/experthub-today/ey-launches-entrepreneurial-winning-women-class-of-2015/ |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=ExpertHub |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728210210/https://www.experthub.info/news/experthub-today/ey-launches-entrepreneurial-winning-women-class-of-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zaɓa a matsayin ɗayan mujallar Elle "The Elle 30" (Janairu 2000) <ref name=":0"/> Cosmopolitan's "21 na Karni na 21st: SA's Awesome Young Women" (Disamba 1999) lambar yabo ta Media Council 1991 <ref name=":0"/> Checkers/Shoprite Investigative Journalism Award (Gaba ɗaya) 1991 Lambar yabo ta Checkers 1988 <ref name=":0"/> Kofin Olleman (Mafi Alƙawari Argus Cadet) 1987 <ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Fray ya auri Desmond Latham kuma mahaifiyar 'ya'ya uku ce. <ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == <references /> {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Rukuni:Ƴar jarida]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 19l0pzo4xs2frsl4fo4n94wau2p63px 0 101214 889033 629559 2026-07-29T15:46:25Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Avelino Henrique Saíde Vieira Dias Rodrigues Mingas''' (13 Fabrairu 1934 – 27 May 1977) ɗan juyin juya hali ne, masanin tattalin arziki, marubuci, kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar [[Angola]] wanda ya yi fice a gwagwarmayar neman ‘yancin kai a Angola. Shi ne ministan kuɗi na farko na Angola kuma ɗaya daga cikin goma na majalisar dokoki ta farko ta ƙasa, majalisar juyin juya hali ta al'umma (ko "majalisar juyin juya hali"). Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin tsakiya na Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wani makusancin Agostinho Neto da [[Lúcio Lara]], mutanen da ke da alaka da ' yan ta'adda sun kashe shi a lokacin yunkurin juyin mulkin Angola na shekarar 1977. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Mingas a gundumar Ingombota na [[Luanda]], <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nascimento, Washington Santos. |date=2015 |title=Das Ingombotas ao Bairro Operário: Políticas Metropolitanas, Trânsitos e Memórias no Espaço Urbano Luandense (Angola, 1940-1960) |url=https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/locus/article/view/20786 |journal=Locus: Revista de História |volume=21 |issue=1}}</ref> a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu 1934, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saydi Mingas. Documentos referenciados |url=https://www.tchiweka.org/pessoas/saydi-mingas |access-date=31 March 2024 |publisher=ATD}}</ref> ɗan André "Mongone" Rodrigues Mingas da Antónia Diniz de Aniceto Vieira Dias. Wasu daga cikin 'yan uwansa ma fitattun mutane ne a tarihin Angola, irin su mawaka da makaɗa André Mingas da Ruy Mingas, wanda na ƙarshe su ya rubuta taken ƙasar Angola; Masanin ilimin harshe da bincike Amélia Mingas; ɗan wasa kuma mai gudanarwa Júlia Rodrigues Mingas; da kyaftin ɗin 'yan sanda José "Zé" Rodrigues Mingas. Iyalinsa kuma suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi ga kishin ƙasa na Angola, musamman ta hanyar mahaifinsa, André Mongone, wanda ya kafa kuma ɗaya daga cikin jagororin Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Afirka, kuma ta hanyar kawunsa, [[Liceu Vieira Dias]], majagaba na kiɗan pop na Angolan kuma mamba na MPLA. A matsayinsa na memba na babban iyali na Afirka a Luanda, ya sami damar samun manyan makarantu, ya kammala karatunsa a Instituto Médio Industrial de Luanda. Duk da haka, nan da nan ya fara shiga kansa da gwagwarmayar adawa da mulkin mallaka, musamman amfani da wallafe-wallafe a matsayin nau'in furuci na siyasa. Ya zama mai fafutuka a harkar kishin ƙasa, wanda kawunsa ya yi tasiri. Koyaya, sakamakon kama kawunsa da mahaifinsa a farkon shekarun 1960, ya koma [[Portugal]] don karatunsa. A can, an san shi a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan wasa da ɗan wasa. Yayin da yake taka leda a kungiyar wasanni na gida, an gargaɗe shi cewa za a kama shi. Ya sami damar wuce gona da iri a 'yan sandan Portugal a ƙarƙashin zargin shiga gasar wasanni a [[Ispaniya|Spain]], kuma daga baya ya gudu zuwa [[Faris|Paris]]. Ya fake da Mário Pinto de Andrade, saboda kasancewarsa na yau da kullum tare da MPLA. Ya ci gaba da yin hidima a ofisoshin MPLA daban-daban na Turai har zuwa wani lokaci har ya sami damar samun gurbin karatu don ci gaba da karatunsa a [[Cuba]]. Yayin da yake Cuba, ya kammala karatu a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a Instituto de Planificación Física kuma ya sami digiri na uku a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Havana. Ya kuma sami horon soji tare da ƙwarewa a fasahar yaƙi. Zamansa a Cuba ya canza shi, tare da zama mai kishin ƙasa, zuwa Markisanci. Ya koma hedkwatar jam'iyyar a [[Brazzaville]] a shekara ta 1971, lokacin yakin 'yancin kai na Angola. Ya sami matsayi na Major, kuma ya zama memba kuma ya yi yaƙi tare da Sojojin Jama'ar Liberation of Angola (EPLA) a ƙarƙashin sunan Lutuima. An naɗa shi Daraktan Cibiyar Koyar da Juyin Juya Hali ta Gabas, matsayin da ya yi har zuwa shekara ta 1972, ciki har da lokacin da ya karɓi jagorancin "Movement of Rejustment of Eastern Front". A cikin shekarar 1972, an canza shi zuwa Sashen Harkokin Waje, ana kuma gayyatarsa don yin aiki a ofisoshin yanki na jam'iyyar a [[Lusaka]]. Yayin da yake wurin, a hukumance ya sanya lambar lambar sa, Saíde, sunansa na doka. Bayan rawar da ya taka a Gabashin Gabas da kuma a Lusaka, ya tashi da sauri zuwa muƙaman jagoranci a cikin MPLA, ya ci gaba da zama wani ɓangare na cikin da'irar Neto da Lara, musamman a lokacin Revolt Active a Brazzaville. Neto ne ya gayyace shi don ya zama shugaban ofishin MPLA a Stockholm, Sweden, a cikin ƙasar Turai wanda ya fi goyon bayan MPLA a wajen waɗanda ke cikin Ƙungiyar Socialist. Ya ambaci lokacinsa a Cuba da Sweden a cikin wakokinsa, inda ya buga su a cikin tarin a karon farko a Stockholm. Ya karɓi sunan wallafe-wallafen "Gasmin Rodrigues". An tabbatar da shi cewa shi babban masanin ilimin harshe ne, bayan ya koyi, tare da Fotigal, Sifen, Ingilishi, Yaren mutanen Sweden, Rashanci, da Faransanci. A tsakiyar juyin juya hali na Carnation da kuma tsammanin da za a yankewa Angola mulkin mallaka, Neto ya gayyace shi a cikin watan Yuli 1974 don zama wakilin jam'iyya a Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka don tattaunawa da ƙoƙarin warwarewa ta ƙarshe don raba Tawayen Aiki da Tawayen Gabas. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maria-Delfina Bonada |date=6 July 1974 |title=Il Manifesto - quotidiano comunista: Entrevista a Saydi Mingas, dirigente do MPLA, em Mogadiscio, Somália, durante a cimeira da OUA. Situação do MPLA, "Documento dos 19", próximo Congresso do MPLA |url=http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=04339.007.004 |publisher=Fundação Mário Soares}}</ref> Cike da takaici kuma ya zama dole, ya sami izini tare da wasu kwamandoji don sake fasalin EPLA kuma ya canza ta zuwa Rundunar Sojojin Yantar da Angola (FAPLA). <ref name="Club K 5-9-19">{{Cite web |date=December 2018 |title="O País tem uma falta de memória histórica generalizada" - Maria Helena, viúva de Iko Carreira |url=https://www.club-k.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34170:o-pais-tem-uma-falta-de-memoria-historica-generalizada-maria-helena-viuva-de-iko-carreira&catid=14&Itemid=1090&lang=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905044150/https://www.club-k.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34170:o-pais-tem-uma-falta-de-memoria-historica-generalizada-maria-helena-viuva-de-iko-carreira&catid=14&Itemid=1090&lang=pt |archive-date=5 September 2019 |access-date=31 March 2024 |publisher=Club-K}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamba, 1974 ya zauna tare da "wakilan 26" na jam'iyyar, wanda babban sakataren Lara ya jagoranta. Shigar da ya yi ya taimaka wajen hawan sa cikin gaggawa zuwa muƙaman shugabanci a cikin MPLA, ciki har da zaɓen da aka yi masa a kwamitin tsakiya na kungiyar. A cikin shekarar Janairu 1975, a Yarjejeniyar Alvor, ya shirya Majalisar Shugaban Ƙasa akan Canjin Gwamnati a matsayin Ministan Tsare-tsare da Kuɗi. An dakatar da ayyukan majalisar ministocin gwamnatin riƙon kwarya a watan Agustan 1975, inda Mingas ya dawo fagen fama a matsayin babban jigo a FAPLA, yana kan sahun gaba don kama Luanda. Sojojin MPLA sun yi nasara tare da tabbacin ikon babban birnin. Ko da yake a cikin fama da makamai, ya shiga cikin, a matsayin buƙatar Manuel Rui, rubuta takardun kundin tsarin mulki a matsayin mai gudanarwa, rubuta manyan ka'idojin tattalin arziki na kundin tsarin mulkin Angola na shekarar 1975. <ref name="JA 21-11-2021">{{Cite web |last=Manuel Albano |date=21 November 2021 |title=Manuel Rui Monteiro recordado por Fernando Oliveira |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/manuel-rui-monteiro-recordado-por-fernando-oliveira/ |publisher=Jornal de Angola |access-date=31 May 2025 |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108214819/https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/manuel-rui-monteiro-recordado-por-fernando-oliveira/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tare da shelar 'yancin kai na Angola a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba 1975, ya hau kan ƙaragar mulki a matsayin wani ɓangare na Majalisar juyin juya hali da aka ambata, tare da shugaban Hukumar Kula da Kuɗi da Ayyukan Asusu. Ya sake fasalin kundin adireshi kuma, a cikin watan Maris 1976, ya zama Ministan Kuɗi na farko na sabuwar ƙasar. Dangane da manufofin kuɗi da tattalin arziki, ya kafa wani lokaci na yin taka tsan-tsan game da babban matsalar kuɗi ga ƙasar, yunƙurin ɗaukar ƙarin basussukan jama'a, daidaita daidaito da asarar kasafin kuɗi, da samar da kwanciyar hankali na kuɗi na hukumomi. <ref name="BNA História">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=História |url=https://www.bna.ao/Conteudos/Artigos/detalhe_artigo.aspx?idc=168 |publisher=Banco Nacional de Angola}}</ref> == Mutuwa == A shekara ta 1976, an fara samun wata ƙungiya ta adawa a asirce a cikin MPLA da ake kira Fractionists (ko nitistas), waɗanda suka inganta maganganu masu tayar da hankali a kan wani da ake kira "white-mestico elite", da kuma adawa da manufofin tattalin arziki da suka danganta ga ci gaba da yaɗuwa da talauci a Angola.<ref name="Marques">{{Cite book |last=Inácio Luiz Guimarães Marques |url=https://www.historia.uff.br/stricto/td/1571.pdf |title=Memórias de um golpe: O 27 de maio de 1977 em Angola |date=2012 |publisher=Universidade Federal Fluminense}}</ref> Hakan ya biyo bayan yakin neman ‘yancin kai amma daidai lokacin da yakin basasa ya fara kunno kai. Batu na ƙarshe ya sanya Mingas, matsakaita a cikin motsi, abokin gaba na nitistas.<ref name="Marques"/> A nasu ɓangaren, yayin ganawa da kwamitin tsakiya na MPLA a watan Fabrairun 1977, Mingas yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka zargi nitistas da "rashin ra'ayi". Tare da wannan, a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu 1977, ya fahimci takardun da suka shafi korar [[Nito Alves]] da [[José Jacinto Van-Dúnem]] daga jam'iyyar. <ref name="Marques" /> A lokaci guda kuma, ƙannensa, Zé Mingas, wani kwamandan 'yan sanda a cikin Directory of Information and Security of Angola (DISA), ya zama mai goyon bayan nitistas kuma ya sanar da Alves game da shirin wargaza yunkurin juyin mulkin da aka yi wa jihar. A ranar 27 ga watan Mayu 1977, nitistas sun yi yunkurin hambarar da jihar. An yi garkuwa da shugabannin ƙasar daban-daban, ciki har da Mingas, wanda ya tuka motar Neto don ganawa da Neto, ya jagoranci wata kungiyar da ta yi yunkurin kwato hedikwatar Brigade ta 9 da kuma kwace iko da sojojin da suka yi kaca-kaca da su. An kama Mingas daga nitistas daga DISA kuma an ɗauke su tare da Eugénio Nzaji da wasu jami'an soji da ke adawa da tawayen zuwa Sambizanga, inda daga baya aka kona su da ransu.<ref name="Marques"/> Zé Mingas bai san shirin nitistas na yin garkuwa da kuma kashe ɗan uwansa ba, kuma a ƙarshe an kashe shi a lokacin da ake muzgunawa jihar a kan yunkurin juyin mulkin. == Martaba == Ana tunawa da Mingas a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jaruman ƙasar Angola. Ana ba da sunansa ga wani filin wasa a Luanda, kusa da ginin Babban Bankin Angola, da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati daban-daban. Akwai wasu abubuwan tarihi da yawa da wuraren taruwar jama'a da suka bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar. A cikin shekarar 2019, shugaban Angola João Lourenço ya ba da umarnin sake duba tarihin hukuma na abubuwan da suka faru na yunƙurin juyin mulkin 1977 a cikin "Shirin sulhu don tunawa da waɗanda rikicin ya rutsa da su a Angola". Ɗiyar Mingas, lauya Xissole Madeira Vieira Dias Mingas, ta samu, a watan Yuni 2021, takardar shaidar mutuwar mahaifinta a hukumance. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1934]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] prw61hiqgjffxj1jka82k2h87uax2mj 0 101292 889236 817177 2026-07-30T04:48:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Osman Digna''' (Arabic) ({{Circa}} 1840-1926) ya kasance mai bin [[Muhammad Ahmad]], mai ikirarin [[Mahdi]], a [[Sudan]], wanda ya zama sanannen kwamandan soja a lokacin Yaƙin Mahdi . An yi iƙirarin cewa ya fito ne daga dangin [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]]. A matsayinsa na janar mafi ƙwarewa na Mahdi, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin makomar Janar Charles George Gordon da ƙarshen mulkin Turkiyya da Masar a Sudan. A Burtaniya, Osman Digna ya zama sanannen mutum, dukansu sun zama aljanu a matsayin mai zalunci kuma ana girmama su a matsayin jarumi. [[Winston Churchill]] ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai basira" da kuma "mai hankali", yana kiransa "mai daraja, kuma watakila marar mutuwa, Osman Digna"<ref>{{cite book|first=Winston S.|last=Churchill|authorlink=Winston Churchill|title=The River War: An Account of the Reconquest of the Sudan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125237|date=1902 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125237/page/n63 47]}}</ref> == Shugaba Mahdist == Mahaifin Osman Digna [[Kurdawa]] ne kuma mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga kabilar [[Hadendoa]] ta Mutanen Beja. Ba a rubuta inda aka haife shi ba, amma an ce Suakin shine garin, inda aka haifa shi. Da farko an san shi da Osman Ali . Ya zauna a Alexandria, [[Misra|Misira]], inda ya yi aiki a sayar da [[Bauta|bayi]]. Bayan da Ingilishi ya tilasta masa barin wannan kasuwancin, ya shiga cikin tawaye na Ahmed 'Urabi . Bayan gazawar tawaye a yakin Tel al-Kebir (13 Satumba 1882), ya haɗa kansa da dalilin [[Muhammad Ahmad|Mahdi]] a Sudan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-10 |title=الأمير عثمان دقنة (ج١) – مجلة السودان {{!}} Sudan Journal |url=https://www.sudanjournal.com/%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |language=ar |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609115955/https://www.sudanjournal.com/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Game da wannan lokacin ya sami sunan "Digna" saboda cikawar gemu ("mai gemu," daga {{Lang|ar|dikn}}, "gemu"). Shi ne shugaban rundunar soja mai karfi a kusa da Suakin. Yaƙin farko da ya yi shi ne yunkurin kama wani sansanin Turkiyya a Sinkat a 1883. An kori hari na farko, amma daga ƙarshe sansanin ya fadi bayan an kewaye shi. A Yaƙin Farko na El Teb ya yi mummunan rauni a kan babbar rundunar Masar da Baker Pasha ke jagoranta a kusa da Tokar, a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 1884. Nan da nan bayan wannan nasarar, duk da haka, an aika sabon rundunar Burtaniya da Masar don dawo da halin da ake ciki, kuma Janar Graham ya ci shi a kusa da Tokar a Yaƙin El Teb na Biyu. Dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun janye don dawo da sojojin su, amma nan da nan Graham ya kaddamar da hari na biyu da aka tsara don murkushe Osman Digna gaba ɗaya. A Yaƙin Tamai, sojojin Mahdist sun yi amfani da rata a matsayin Burtaniya, kuma sun yi nasarar karya filin sojan ƙasa. Sun kusan iya yanke wasu sassan sojojin Burtaniya, amma Turawan Burtaniya sun sami damar tarawa da karfafa matsayinsu. Mahdists sun fuskanci wuta mai tsanani kuma a ƙarshe an ci su. Duk da cin nasarar da aka yi masa, a matsayin kwamandan kasashen waje kawai wanda ya karya filin sojan Burtaniya, Osman Digna da dakarunsa sun sami suna a tsakanin Burtaniya don babban ƙarfin yaƙi. An yi bikin ƙarfin sojojinsa a cikin waka ta Rudyard Kipling "Fuzzy-Wuzzy". An kuma ambaci sunansa a cikin The Battle of El-Teb, waka ta William McGonagall . <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGonagall |first=William |date=1884 |title=The Battle of El-Teb |url=http://www.mcgonagall-online.org.uk/gems/the-battle-of-el-teb |website=McGonagall Online |access-date=2025-05-31 |archive-date=2025-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531205131/http://www.mcgonagall-online.org.uk/gems/the-battle-of-el-teb |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rashin nasarar, duk da haka, bai hallaka Mahdists ba, kuma Osman Digna ya kasance a cikin ikon magoya bayansa. Graham daga baya ya janye, kuma Osman Digna ya dawo da sojojinsa. Ya gabatar da yakin a matsayin nasara, yana mai cewa Birtaniya sun gudu "da tsoro". Ya rubuta wa Mahdi yana mai da'awar cewa ya yi asarar rayuka 8,000 a kan Birtaniya, tare da kashe 2,000 kawai daga cikin sojojinsa. Asarar hukuma ta Burtaniya ta kashe 100. Duk da haka, yakin Burtaniya bai yi nasara sosai ba, kamar yadda Osman Digna "ya riƙe Sinkat da Tokar kuma hanyar Suakin-Berber ta mallaki Ansar [Mahdists]".<ref name="khart" /> Yanayin ya haifar da karuwar warewar Janar Gordon, wanda ke karkashin kewaye a [[Khartoum]]. A ƙarshe Gordon bai iya janyewa zuwa Misira ba, kuma ba a aika da sojojin Burtaniya da sauri don su sauƙaƙe shi ba. Bayan faduwar Khartoum ga Mahdists da mutuwar Gordon, an ce an ba Osman agogo da takobi na Gordon don nunawa ga Mahdistas a Suakin a matsayin tabbacin nasara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Allen |first=Bernard M. |date=October 1941 |title=How Khartoum Fell |journal=African Affairs |volume=XL |issue=CLXI |pages=327–334 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a099674}}</ref> == Ayyuka na baya == Osman Digna daga baya ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin magajin Mahdi Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (wanda aka sani da Khalifa), wanda ya kaddamar da jerin ayyukan soja a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Osman Digna ya dauki kwamandan rundunar Mahdist da ta mamaye Habasha a 1885, amma Janar Ras Alula na Habasha ya ci shi a Yaƙin Kufit a ranar 23 ga Satumba. A watan Disamba, 1888, ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Suakin, yana ƙoƙari ya kama sansanonin ruwa na yankin. Ya sha wahala mai zubar da jini a hannun Janar Grenfell, kuma ya ji rauni a hannunsa. Har zuwa 1891, Osman Digna ya ci gaba da jagorantar sojojin Mahdist a gabashin Sudan, yana kare sojojin Masar. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1891, hadin gwiwar sojojin Burtaniya da Masar sun kama Tokar. Ƙabilun yankin sun fice daga Mahdists, sun tilasta Osman Digna ya koma tsaunuka. [[Fayil:General_Kitchener_and_the_Anglo-egyptian_Nile_Campaign,_1898_HU93852.jpg|thumb|Emir Mahmoud, shugaban Mahdi, a matsayin fursuna bayan Yaƙin Atbara, hoto na Francis Gregson, 1898]] Bayan wannan, ya kasance jagora a cikin sojojin Mahdist, amma ya kasance kawai a cikin rikice-rikicen da suka haifar da cin nasara na karshe da mutuwar Khalifa. Lokacin da Birtaniya a karkashin Herbert Kitchener suka koma Sudan a shekara ta 1898, Khalifa ya aika da runduna a karkashin Emir Mahmud Ahmad don shiga cikin sojojin Osman. Khalifa ya amince da shirin Osman na kawar da Kitchener ta hanyar motsawa zuwa Atbara, amma Mahmud ya mamaye Osman, lokacin da ya ba da shawarar motsa sojojin su har ma da kogin zuwa Adaramra, yana barazanar layin sadarwa na Kitchener. Maimakon haka Mahmoud ya kirkiro sansanin tsaro a Atbara.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ronald M. |last=Lamothe |title=Slaves of Fortune: Sudanese Soldiers & the River War, 1896-1898 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |date=2011 |page=147f}}</ref> Wannan ya zama abin zama ga Kitchener. A yakin da ya biyo baya na Atbara, ya kaddamar da barga sannan ya kai hari da sauri. Matsayin Mahdist ya rushe. Osman ya sami nasarar jagorantar 'yan dubban mayaƙa a kan koma baya zuwa kudu, kuma an kashe mafi yawan sauran ko kuma an kama su, gami da Mahmud, wanda sojojin Sudan na Brigade na Masar suka kama. A shekara ta 1899 Osman Digna ya yi yaƙi a yakin karshe na sojojin Mahdist, wanda aka karya ƙarfinsa a shekarar da ta gabata a Omdurman. A Yaƙin Umm Diwaykarat ya ji rauni, amma shi kadai ne shugaban da ya tsere kuma ya ci gaba da juriya. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kai ga aminci a cikin [[Hijaz|Hejaz]], amma a ranar 19 ga Janairun 1900, an kama shi a kusa da Tokar kuma an tura shi a matsayin fursuna zuwa [[Rosetta]]. A can, ya yi aiki a kurkuku na tsawon shekaru takwas, kuma bayan an sake shi ya zauna a Misira har sai ya mutu a 1926. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lkiok72c3txd7epnn4aowmxkvykyij0 0 101558 889333 626817 2026-07-30T11:18:30Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Taron {{'}} Afrika baki daya''' (AAPC) wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwa da kuma ra'ayi daban-daban ga kasashen Afirka na zamani wanda taron farko na kasashe masu cin gashin kansu na Afirka ya wakilta a shekarar 1957. Sabanin wannan taro na farko da jihohi kadai ke da wakilci a hukumance, taron al'ummar Afirka baki daya ya kasance cikin al'adar [[Pan-Africanism]] kuma wadanda aka gayyata sun hada da kungiyoyin 'yancin kai da kungiyoyin kwadago, da wakilai daga al'ummomin kabilu da sauran manyan kungiyoyi a fadin nahiyar. Har ila yau, akwai tawagogin 'yan kallo na Amurka, da Tarayyar Soviet, da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, da sauran kasashe da dama. Fira Ministan Ghana [[Kwame Nkrumah]] da mashawarcinsa [[George Padmore]] da sauran su ne suka dauki nauyin taron al'ummar Afrika baki daya don ci gaba da al'adar Majalisar Pan-African Congress wadda ta hadu a karshe a shekarar 1945 a [[Manchester]] . Yana wakiltar ra'ayin cewa ƙarshen mulkin mallaka na Turai ya kusa, kuma a cikin kalaman shugaban taron Tom Mboya na [[Kenya]], cewa lokaci ya yi da za su "zama daga Afirka." <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2018 |title='Hands off Africa!!' |url=http://roape.net/2018/12/20/hands-off-africa/ |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=Review of African Political Economy}}</ref> A cikin kalaman taron, an bude shi ne ga “dukkan jam’iyyun siyasa na kasa da na kungiyar kwadago ta kasa ko makamantansu ko kungiyoyi masu bin manufofin taron”. [1] Taron ya hadu sau uku: Disamba 1958, Janairu 1960, da Maris 1961; kuma yana da sakatariya ta dindindin mai hedikwata a Accra. Manufofinsa na farko shine 'yancin kai ga ƴan mulkin mallaka, da ƙarfafa ƙasashe masu zaman kansu da kuma juriya ga necolonia . Ya kasance yana yin magana sosai a cikin la'antar mulkin mallaka fiye da taron ƙasashen Afirka masu zaman kansu, ƙungiya ce ta zamani wacce ta ƙunshi shugabannin ƙasashe, tana da ɗan taƙaitaccen taka tsantsan na diflomasiyya. Immanuel Wallerstein ya ce taron jama'ar Afirka duka shi ne "majibin gaskiya ga majalisun kasashen Afirka ." An kwatanta batutuwan da halayen taron da abin da ya biyo baya daga taronsa na biyu:<blockquote>Taron &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya bukaci samun 'yancin kai cikin gaggawa ba tare da wani sharadi ba na dukkan al'ummar Afirka, da kuma kwashe sojojin kasashen waje na zalunci da zalunci da aka jibge a Afirka;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ya yi shelar cikakkiyar larura, domin tinkarar kawancen 'yan mulkin mallaka cikin sauri da sauri ya 'yantar da dukkan al'ummomin da suka dogara da su daga zaluncin kasashen waje, da hada kai da hada karfi da karfe na dukkan al'ummar Afirka, sannan ya ba da shawarar kasashen Afirka da kada su yi watsi da duk wani nau'i na hadin gwiwa don moriyar dukkan al'ummomin Afirka;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ya yi tir da kakkausar murya kan manufar nuna wariyar launin fata da 'yan mulkin mallaka da 'yan tsiraru masu ra'ayin kabilanci ke amfani da su a Kudu da Gabas da Tsakiyar Afirka, tare da neman a kawar da mulkin launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, da murkushe Tarayyar Nyasaland da Rhodesia, da samun 'yancin kai na wadannan kasashe nan take;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yana shelar daidaiton haƙƙoƙi ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa na ƙasashen Afirka masu 'yanci da haɗin gwiwar talakawa don haɓakawa da gudanar da 'yantacciyar Afirka mai 'yanci da wadata;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ya yi kira ga al'ummomin Afirka da su kara kaimi wajen fafutukar neman 'yancin kai, tare da dagewa kan wajibcin gaggawa ga kasashe masu cin gashin kansu na Afirka don tabbatar musu da taimakon da suka dace;... </blockquote> == Taron Farko: Accra, 8-13 Disamba 1958 ==   Kwamitin Shirye-Shirye wanda ya kunshi wakilai daga kasashe takwas na Afirka masu cin gashin kansu ne suka gabatar da taron na farko-ban da Afirka ta Kudu. Shi kansa taron ya samu halartar wakilai daga kasashen Afirka 28 da kasashen da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka. Wakilai sama da 300 ne da ke wakiltar jam'iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyin kwadago na Afirka, da wakilai daga kasashen Canada, Sin, Denmark, Indiya, Tarayyar Soviet, Burtaniya, da Amurka suka halarta. Tom Mboya, Babban Sakatare na [[Kenya Federation of Labour|Kungiyar Kwadago ta Kenya]], an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar. A cikin zaurensa, Mboya ya kwatanta taron da [[Taron Berlin|na Berlin]] a shekara ta 1884, ya kuma shaida wa mahalarta taron cewa, ya kamata 'yan Afirka su mallaki makomarsu, ya kuma roki Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet da su guji jawo Afirka cikin [[Cold War|yakin cacar baka]] . [[W. E. B. Du Bois|WEB Du Bois]] ya kuma yi jawabi a wurin taron (yayin da yake fama da rashin lafiya matarsa ta karanta masa), yana mai cewa Pan Africanism "yana nufin kowace al'umma ta bar wani bangare na gadonta domin amfanin nahiyar baki daya; wajen yin irin wannan sadaukarwa, al'ummar Afirka ba za su rasa komai ba sai daurin da aka yi musu, kuma za su dawo da martabarsu." Wata muhimmiyar tattaunawa ita ce kan halaccin yin amfani da tashin hankali kan turawan mulkin mallaka. An yarda cewa tashin hankali zai zama dole a wasu lokuta. Game da gwagwarmaya a [[Aljeriya]], an ba da cikakken goyon baya ga gwamnatin Republican na wucin gadi da aka shela kwanan nan ( ''Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Algérienne'' — GPRA ). A kan [[Kamaru]], taron ya goyi bayan yakin UPC maquis, yana neman cikakken afuwa da zaben da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta dauki nauyi. Taron ya dauki hadin kai da hadin kai a matsayin muhimman dabarun yaki da mulkin mallaka da kuma mamaye tattalin arziki bayan mulkin mallaka; ta yi kira da a kafa kungiyoyi a fadin Afirka, da suka hada da kungiyoyin matasa na kungiyoyin kwadago, da Ofishin 'Yanci. A wannan taron ne aka yanke shawarar kafa sakatariyar dindindin a Accra. Babban sakatare na farko shine [[George Padmore]], sannan yana zaune a Ghana. A shekara mai zuwa, ya rasu kuma ministan mazauni na Guinea a Ghana, [[Abdoulaye Diallo]] ya maye gurbinsa. Fitattun mutane a taron farko sun hada da: * [[Kwame Nkrumah]], shugaban sabuwar [[Ghana]] mai cin gashin kanta * [[Patrice Lumumba]], wanda ya jagoranci tawagar Kongo * Kenneth Kaunda na Zambia * Hastings Banda na Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland (kuma daga baya shugaban [[Malawi]] ) * Holden Roberto, yana amfani da sunan Rui Ventura, na Angola Kalmomin da 'yan Ghana suka nuna masu rike da alamu yayin taron: * "Hannun Afirka" * "Dole ne Afirka ta zama 'yanci" * "Down Tare da Imperialism da Colonialism" * "Mun fi son 'yancin kai tare da haɗari da bauta cikin kwanciyar hankali" Kwame Nkrumah a jawabinsa na rufe taron ya jaddada muhimmancin al'ummar Afirka mai cin gashin kanta, kuma ya kamata a sake gina tattalin arzikin Afirka da zamantakewar al'umma bisa tsarin gurguzu. Taron ya yi tasiri mai yawa a kan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na 'yancin kai, musamman na [[Patrice Lumumba|Patrice Lubumba]], kuma ya ba da tabbaci. Taron ya kuma ba da gudunmawa wajen kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika . ==Taron Na Biyu: Tunis, 25–30 Janairu 1960== Wani fasali na AAPC shi ne rashin jituwa tsakanin masu ra'ayin rikau da kuma masu gwagwarmaya na zamani. Babu ɗayansu daga cikin Mboya ko Nkrumah — manyan shugabanni a Taron Accra — da suka halarci taron na biyu a Tunis.<ref name=House75>Houser, ''No One Can Stop the Rain'' (1989), shafi na 75.</ref> Taron ya amince da shawarwarin 'yan Aljeriya da Moroko na ƙirƙirar "rukunin masu sa kai na duniya" domin zuwa su yi yaƙi a Aljeriya kamar yadda aka yi da International Brigade a Yaƙin Basasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]] a shekarun 1930. Yaƙin 'Yancin Aljeriya ya kasance babban jigon wannan taron.<ref>Houser, ''No One Can Stop the Rain'' (1989), shafi na 74.</ref> Masu halarta sun haɗu da sama da mutane 200,000 na Tunisia wajen yin zanga-zanga kan gwajin [[makaman nukiliya]] da Faransa ke yi a hamadar Sahara.<ref name=House75/> Taron ya nuna damuwa sosai kan neokoloniyalizm — wato, yadda wasu ƙasashe da aka ba 'yanci ke ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarƙashin ikon daular mulkin mallaka ta hanyar dogaro da tattalin arziki da sauran dalilai. Wannan ya bayyana misali a cikin ''Matsayar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa'': <blockquote> <SPAN style="text-align:center; font-style:italic"> Matsayar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa </SPAN> &nbsp;&nbsp;La'akari da yadda tattalin arziƙin Afirka ya kasance cikin koma baya sakamakon tsarin mulkin mallaka da mamayar ƙetare;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;La'akari da yadda ƙasashen mulkin mallaka ke ƙoƙarin maye gurbin mulkin siyasa da mulkin tattalin arziki domin hana sabbin ƙasashe 'yanci na gaske;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;La'akari da rashin haɗin kai da jituwa a cikin tattalin arziƙin Afirka da kuma ƙarancin ƙwararrun ma'aikata da kuɗaɗe;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;La'akari da cewa ci gaban tattalin arziƙi shi ne tabbataccen tabbaci na 'yancin nahiyar Afirka;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;La'akari da cewa ƙasashen waje na amfani da tallafin su na tattalin arziƙi a matsayin hanyar raba yankunan Afirka da ke da 'yanci da kuma ke ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka; Taron &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya tabbatar da cewa samun 'yanci shi ne mataki na farko kafin a samu ci gaban tattalin arziƙi;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya bayyana cewa al’ummomin Afirka sun ƙudiri aniyar yin aiki don ci gaban tattalin arziƙi da ‘yantar da nahiyar, a madadin talakawa da ƙarƙashin kulawarsu;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya shawarci ƙasashen Afirka masu 'yanci: &nbsp;&nbsp;I. Su ƙarfafa ƙoƙarinsu wajen kuɓutar da ƙasashensu daga dogaro da ƙasashen da suka mulke su a baya...<ref>"Resolutions adopted by the Second All-African Peoples' Conference, Tunis, 30 January 1960", in Gott, Major and Warner, shafi na 351.</ref> </blockquote> Matsayar gaba ɗaya ma ta yi magana kan wannan batu: <blockquote> Taron &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;...ya shawarci gwamnatocin Afirka da su ɗauki mataki wajen kawar da ƙungiyoyin neokoloniyal, musamman duk wata sansanin soji ta ƙasashen waje da ke cikin ƙasashensu;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;La'akari da muhimman "enclaves" na tattalin arziƙi da zamantakewa da ƙasashen daular mulkin mallaka suka kafa a sassan masana’antu da noma, da kuma kafa ƙungiyoyin kuɗi, fasaha da zamantakewa da suke sarrafa su gaba ɗaya;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;Ganin cewa waɗannan "enclaves" suna haifar da cin moriyar albarkatu na ɗan Adam, na shuka da na ma'adinai na Afirka, kuma an kafa su don su amfani tsarin tattalin arzikin ƙetare;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;Ganin ƙari cewa wanzuwar waɗannan "enclaves" yana bai wa ƙasashen daular mulkin mallaka damar daure tattalin arziƙin wasu ƙasashen Afirka sosai a fannonin kwastam, kuɗi, kasuwanci da dai sauransu;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;La'akari da cewa waɗannan daular mulkin mallaka na ƙoƙarin ƙulla waɗannan sababbin tsare-tsaren mulki da kowace ƙasa daban-daban yayin da su kuma suke haɗa kansu domin su mayar da martani ga ƙoƙarin 'yantar da tattalin arziƙin Afirka; Taron &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya tabbatar da muhimmancin juya tattalin arziƙin ƙasashen Afirka zuwa moriyar mutanenta, da kuma yin aiki tare da haɗin kai a fannin tattalin arziƙi kamar yadda ake yi a fannin siyasa da al’adu;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;Don haka, yana bayar da shawarar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi na haɗin gwiwa daga duk ƙasashen Afirka masu 'yanci, don gudanar da harkokin kuɗi da kasuwanci, da cibiyoyin binciken zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi, domin nazarin nau'ikan taimakon fasaha da horar da kwararrun da Afirka ke buƙata don ci gabanta da cigaban zamantakewa;<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;A ƙarshe, yana ayyana cewa ba za a iya dakatar da motsin samun 'yanci, 'yantarwa da haɗin kan Afirka ba...<ref>"Resolutions adopted by the Second All-African Peoples' Conference", Tunis, 30 January 1960. In Gott, Major and Warner, shafuka 350–351.</ref> </blockquote> Taron ya fi tsananta suka ga gwamnatin Faransa saboda matakan da ta ɗauka na rage ikon ƙasashen arewacin Afirka da ke neman samun 'yanci: <blockquote> &nbsp;&nbsp;La'akari da wanzuwar Ƙungiyar Faransa, wata sabuwar hanyar mulkin mallaka, da ƙoƙarin gwamnatin Faransa na tilasta wa ƙasashen da ke cikin wannan ƙungiya, waɗanda ke dab da samun 'yanci, wani tsarin da zai hana su samun cikakken ikon mulki;...<ref name=Resp;utions350/> </blockquote> ==Taron Na Uku: Alkahira, 25–31 Maris 1961== Yanayin taron na wannan lokaci ya fi na taro na biyu zafi, saboda wasu kungiyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun janye, sannan kuma taron ya gudana ne a lokacin rikicin Kongo. Sakatare-Janar Abdoulaye Diallo ne ya gabatar da batun Kongo a jawabinsa na bude taron: <blockquote> A yau akwai bangarori biyu a Kongo; bangarorin da ke wakiltar muradun mulkin mallaka, da kuma bangarorin da ke wakiltar muradun al’ummar Kongo. Na farko ana jagorantarsu da su Kasavubu, Tshombe, da abokan aikinsu; na biyun kuwa, wato namu, ana jagorantarsu da Gizenga, wanda yake da tausayin jama’a da goyon bayan mafi yawan al’umma.<ref>Wallerstein, shafi na 51.</ref> </blockquote> Daga baya, taron ya amince da kuduri mai karfi game da Kongo: <blockquote> Taron ya la’anci rawar da Janar Kettani ya taka wajen tabarbarewar al’amura a Kongo, sannan ya bukaci a kore Dag Hammarskjöld wanda shima ke da alhakin kisan Lumumba.<ref>Wallerstein, shafuka na 51 da 52.</ref> </blockquote> A wani bangare na kudurin, an la’anci Kasavubu, Mobutu, Tshombe da Kalonji kan rawar da suka taka. Taron ya ayyana Lumumba a matsayin “jarumin Afirka”. Taron ya sake duba batun mulkin mallaka ta hanyar daban (neocolonialism); kudurinsa mai shafuka hudu kan wannan batu ya zama abin tarihi saboda ya samar da ma’anar hadin gwiwa ta wannan tsarin da kuma bayani kan siffofinsa na asali.<ref>Wallerstein, shafi na 52: “Ya yi kokarin bayyana ma’anar mulkin mallaka ta zamani a matsayin wani muhimmin ra’ayi na hadin kai a Afirka.” Hakanan William D. Graf, a nazarin littafin Yolamu R. Barongo, ''Mulkin Mallaka ta Zamani da Siyasar Afirka'' (1980); ''Canadian Journal of African Studies'', shafi na 601: "Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Afirka, watakila daga Nkrumah, sannan ta samu amincewar hadin gwiwa a Taron Jama’ar Afirka na 1961."</ref> Sabani na ciki a cikin AAPC ya kai ga rugujewar kungiyar. Wallerstein ya bayyana yadda kungiyar take a lokacin taro na uku: <blockquote> AAPC ta zama wurin haduwar kungiyoyi guda uku: 'Yan kishin kasa na Afirka daga kasashen da ba su samu 'yanci ba, wadanda radadin juyin juya halinsu na dan lokaci ne; shugabannin kasashen Afirka da suka kira kansu masu juyin juya hali, wadanda tsananin siyasa da matsin tattalin arziki na duniya ke rage karfinsu; kungiyoyin hamayya na radikal masu kishin kasa daga cikin kasashen da suka riga suka samu ‘yanci, wadanda suke kallon wadancan kasashe a matsayin abokan Turawa ko “marasa ‘yanci na hakika”. Wannan rukuni na karshe (wanda ya hada da UPC, Sawaba daga Nijar karkashin jagorancin Djibo Bakary, da kuma Moroccan Union Nationale des Forces Populaires [UNFP] karkashin Mehdi Ben Barka) shi ne mafi zafi da tsayayyen ra’ayi. Amma kuma su ne mafi karancin iko na zahiri. Saboda haka, ko da yake wannan rukuni na uku ne ke yawan bayyana a taruka da shan alamar kudurori, rukuni na biyu (gwamnatoci) ne ke da ikon kudi da tsarin gudanarwa.<ref name=Wallerstein52>Wallerstein, shafi na 52.</ref> </blockquote> Bambancin dake tsakanin wadannan rukuni biyu shi ne ya haddasa rugujewar AAPC, domin kalaman juyin juya hali daga taron na jefa gwamnatocin kasashen cikin damuwa wajen mu’amala da sauran kasashen Afirka masu ra’ayin zaman lafiya. Ko da yake an yanke shawarar gudanar da Taro na Hudu a Bamako, Mali, a watan Fabrairu 1962, hakan bai tabbata ba saboda gwamnatocin Mali da Guinea ba su da kwarin gwiwar ci gaba da shirin. Wallerstein ya bayyana cewa “Gwamnatocin Casablanca sun yarda su bar AAPC ta bace a hankali a kokarinsu na sasantawa da sauran gwamnatocin Afirka.”<ref name=Wallerstein52/> ===Majiya=== * Gott, Richard, John Major and Geoffrey Warner (eds), ''Documents on International Affairs 1960''. London: Oxford University Press, 1964; pp. 349 ''et seq." * [[George Houser|Houser, George]] M. ''No One Can Stop the Rain: Glimpses of Africa's Liberation Struggle'', New York: Pilgrim Press, 1989; {{ISBN|0-8298-0795-0}}. * King, Gillian (ed.), ''Documents on International Affairs 1958''. London: Oxford University Press, 1962; pp. 583 ''et seq.'' * {{Cite journal|doi=10.1017/S0020818300011164|title=All-African People's Conferences|journal=International Organization|volume=16|issue=2|pages=429–434|year=1962|jstor=2705395|s2cid=249417045 }} * De Lusignan, Guy, ''French-Speaking Africa Since Independence'', New York: Praeger, 1969. * [[Immanuel Wallerstein|Wallerstein, Immanuel]], ''Africa: The Politics of Unity''; New York: Random House, 1967. * "Resolutions adopted by the Second All-African Peoples' Conference, Tunis, 30 January 1960". Watt's source is Colin Legum, ''Panafricanism'', London: Pall Mall Press, 1962, pp. 236–47. (D. C. Watt (ed.) ''Documents on International Affairs 1961''. London: Oxford University Press, 1965). j3c0774oej6i1tcx5qkiwoisgblusdz 0 102669 889034 853896 2026-07-29T15:48:23Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ben Harrell,(15 Maris 1911 - 26 Yuli 1981) ya kasance Janar din Sojojin na ƙasar Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Sojojin Kudu maso Gabashin Turai daga shekara ta 1968 zuwa 1971. Wani aji na 1933 wanda ya kammala karatu a Kwalejin Sojan Amurka, Harrell ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsarawa da aiwatar da manyan ayyukan amphibious a Arewacin Afirka, Sicily,da Kudancin Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka na shida da kuma 101st Airborne Division, kuma a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Howze. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:Ben_Harrell_USMA_Class_of_1933.png|thumb|Ben Harrell, USMA Class na 1933]] An haifi Ben Harrell a ranar 15 ga Maris, 1911, a Medford, Oregon . Wakilin Hawley na Oregon ne ya nada shi a Kwalejin Sojan Amurka kuma ya kammala karatu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1933. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an ba shi izini a matsayin Lieutenant na biyu a cikin Sojojin Amurka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=GEN Ben Harrell |url=https://militaryhallofhonor.com/honoree-record.php?id=248 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=militaryhallofhonor.com |archive-date=2025-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317023923/https://militaryhallofhonor.com/honoree-record.php?id=248 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yaƙin Duniya na II == === Sabis kafin Yaƙin Duniya na II === A lokacin da ya fara aikin soja, Harrell ya yi aiki a manyan ayyuka da yawa. A matsayinsa na ƙaramin jami'in, an tura shi Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, kafin harin [[Japan]] a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1941. Ya yi aiki tare da 3rd Infantry Division a matsayin S-3 (ofishin aiki) na 7th Infantry Regiment - ƙungiyar da zai yi umurni daga baya - kuma ya jagoranci 15th Regiment na ƙungiyar. Harrell daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata na Ayyuka (G-3) a cikin VI Corps kuma daga baya a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Ma'aikatan Ayyuka (G-3) na Sojojin Amurka na biyar a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bahar Rum.<ref name=":0"/> === Yaƙin Duniya na II === Bayan shigar Amurka cikin yakin duniya na biyu, Harrell ya shiga cikin tsare-tsare da ayyukan yaƙi: * '''Arewacin Afirka da Sicily:''' Harrell ya taimaka wajen tsara shirye-shiryen dabarun saukowar Allied amphibious a Arewacin Afirka a watan Nuwamba 1942. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya saukowa a [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] (Operation Husky) a watan Yulin 1943, wanda ya haɗa da hawa jirgin ruwa na mamayewa na fiye da 1,000 - mafi girman irin wannan jirgin a duniya a wannan lokacin.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=General Ben Harrell {{!}} Army Generals {{!}} Generals {{!}} Museum Exhibits {{!}} The Military Memorial Museum |url=https://www.militarymemorialmuseum.com/museum/Generals/Army_Generals/General_Ben_Harrell_76 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.militarymemorialmuseum.com |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106055704/https://www.militarymemorialmuseum.com/museum/Generals/Army_Generals/General_Ben_Harrell_76 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Harrell zai yi aiki tare da abokin karatunsa na USMA na 1933 Col. William O. Darby wanda Rangers zai zama raka'a na farko da za su mamaye duka Arewacin Afirka da Sicily. * '''Italiya:''' Bayan saukowar Sicily, Harrell ya shiga cikin ci gaba ta hanyar Italiya. Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatan 3rd Infantry Division kafin ya zama shugaban sashen ma'aikatan G-3 na VI Corps . <ref name=":0" /> * Kudancin Faransa da kama Strasbourg: A watan Agustan 1944, Harrell yana cikin sojojin da suka sauka a Kudancin Faransanci don buɗe sabon gaba a kan abokan gaba. Ba da daɗewa ba, an ba shi umurni na 7th Infantry Regiment. A karkashin jagorancinsa, ƙungiyarsa ta ci gaba ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo, ta kai Strasbourg da iyakar Jamus a ƙarshen 1944. <ref name=":0" /> * '''Komawa Italiya:''' Bayan nasarar da ya samu a Kudancin Faransa, an mayar da Harrell zuwa Italiya, inda ya jagoranci sashen ma'aikatan G-3 na Sojoji na 5 har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin. == Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II da kuma Yakin Cold == [[Fayil:Lieutenant_General_Harrell_Speaks_with_Sergeant_Ernest_L._Byrd.jpg|thumb|Lieutenant Janar Ben Harrell (dama), Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata na Ci gaban Sojoji, yayi magana da Sergeant Ernest L. Byrd (hagu), Shugaban Sashen Gunnery na 3, C. Battery, 6th Battalion, 10th Artillery yayin ziyarar Janar zuwa VII Corps, Kelley Barracks Stutt-Moehringen, Jamus. Lieutenant Janar Louis W. Truman yana tsaye a tsakiya, a baya. (Louis W. Truman Papers, Harry S. Truman Library & Museum) ]] [[Fayil:Lieutenant_General_Harrell_Visits_VII_Corps,_Stuttgart,_Germany.jpg|thumb|Lieutenant Janar Ben Harrell (hagu), Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Ci gaban Sojoji an nuna shi tare da Lieutenant Janara Louis W. Truman (tsakiya), Kwamandan VII Corps, da Brigadier Janar John J. Tolson III, Darakta na Sojojin Sama (dama). Janar Harrell yana ziyartar abubuwa na VII Corps Artillery, 2nd Armored Cavalry da 4th Armored da 24th Infantry Divisions. (Louis W. Truman Papers, Harry S. Truman Library & Museum) ]] A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1945, bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, Harrell ya koma Amurka kuma ya shiga ma'aikatan makarantar sojan Amurka a Fort Benning, Jojiya. Ayyukansa na gaba sun haɗa da: * Ayyukan Airborne: Harrell ya jagoranci sashen ma'aikatan G-3 na 11th Airborne Division, an ba shi umurni na 511th Airborne Regiment, kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama shugaban ma'aikatan ƙungiyar a 1950. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 37, ya sami lambar yabo ta Parachutist.<ref name=":0"/> * '''Ayyukan Turai:''' Bayan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Yakin Kasa, Harrell ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in ma'aikata a Babban Hedikwatar Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) kusa da [[Faris|Paris]]. Daga baya aka tura shi zuwa [[Berlin]], inda a watan Agustan 1953 ya zama kwamandan rundunar sojan kasa ta 6. A cikin shekara mai zuwa, ya zama shugaban ma'aikatan Brigade na Berlin (ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Kwamandan Amurka a Berlin). <ref name=":0" /> * Pentagon da Promotions: An sanya Harrell a Pentagon a watan Agustan 1955, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Mataimakin Sakataren Sojoji (Manpower da Reserve Forces). A watan Janairun 1956, an nada shi ya zama shugaban reshen sojan kasa, Sashen Gudanar da Ayyuka a Ofishin Babban Jami'in, kuma an kara shi zuwa Brigadier Janar a farkon shekara ta 1956. <ref name=":0" /> * Ayyuka a [[Koriya ta Kudu]]: A watan Yulin 1958, an tura Harrell zuwa Koriya ta Koriya ta Tsakiya, inda ya umurci Brigade na 7 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ma'aikatan 7th Infantry Division.<ref name=":0" /> * Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka da 101st Airborne Division: A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1959, an kara shi zuwa Manjo Janar kuma daga baya ya shiga ma'aikatan Kwamandan Sojan Amurka a Fort Monroe, Virginia. Tsakanin Yuni 1960 da Yuli 1961, Harrell ya umarci 101st Airborne Division a Fort Campbell, Kentucky, wanda ya gaji William Westmoreland. Daga nan sai ya koma Fort Benning don aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Janar na Cibiyar Sojoji da Kwamandan Makarantar Sojojin Sojojin Amurka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/> * '''Daga baya Ayyukan Pentagon da Ƙarin Gabatarwa:''' A watan Fabrairun 1963, Harrell ya ci gaba da aiki a Pentagon a matsayin jami'in ma'aikata kuma an inganta shi zuwa Lieutenant Janar. Daga Mayu 1965 zuwa Yuli 1967, ya umurci Kwamandan Ci gaban Sojojin Amurka a Fort Belvoir, Virginia . <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> * Sojoji na shida da Allied Command: A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1967, Harrell ya zama kwamandan Sojojin Amurka na shida, wanda ke da hedikwatar a Presidio a San Francisco, California, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa 1968. Bayan ci gabansa zuwa [[Military star ranking|Janar mai taurari huɗu]] a shekarar 1968, ya ɗauki kwamandan Sojojin Ƙasar Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, wanda ke zaune a Verona, Italiya, kuma ya rike wannan mukamin har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1971.<ref name=":0" /> [[Fayil:Grave_of_Ben_Harrell.jpg|thumb|Kabarin Janar Ben Harrell da matarsa Harriet Pearl.]] Ya mutu a 1981 kuma an binne shi a Kabari na San Francisco . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harrell, Ben |url=https://gravelocator.cem.va.gov/ngl/index.jsp |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=Nationwide Gravesite Locator |publisher=National Cemetery Administration}}</ref> == Medals da Awards == A lokacin aikin soja, Ben Harrell ya sami kyaututtuka masu zuwa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ben Harrell |url=https://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient/recipient-100176/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Hall of Valor: Medal of Honor, Silver Star, U.S. Military Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> * Medal na Ayyuka na Sojoji (sau 2) * Tauraron Azurfa * Legion of Merit (sau 3) * Medal na Tauraron tagulla (sau 2) * Medal na Ofishin Tsaro na Amurka * Medal na Kamfen na Amurka * Medal na yabo na Sojoji * Medal na Yakin Turai da Afirka ta Tsakiya * Medal na Nasara na Yaƙin Duniya na II * Medal na Sojojin Kasuwanci * Medal na Tsaro na Kasa * Medal of Honor na [[Brazil]] (Brazil) * Dokar Daular Burtaniya (Great Britain) * Gicciye na Yakin Czechoslovakia (Czechoslovakia) * Gicciye na Yaƙi (Faransa) * Tsarin Mulki na Italiya (Italiya) == Dubi kuma ==   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1911]] l2nuwy0vhaxl3woqah8ytmijnp8tb6k 0 102879 889131 644516 2026-07-29T19:21:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_gebouw_van_de_Nieuw_Afrikaansche_Handelsvereeniging_TMnr_60032123.jpg|thumb| NAHV gini (ca. 1920)]] [[Fayil:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_kleine_groep_mannen_gezeten_voor_het_gebouw_van_de_Nieuwe_Afrikaansche_Handels_Vereeniging_TMnr_60032119.jpg|thumb| Maza a gaban ginin NAHV, ca. 1920 (?)]] '''Nieuwe Afrikaanse Handels-Vennootschap''' (" '''New African Trading Association" ko NAHV''' ) wani kamfani ne na kasuwanci na Holland da ke Rotterdam wanda ke kasuwanci a Afirka ta Tsakiya, musamman [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] da [[Angola]] . An kafa NAHV a cikin 1880 bayan rushewar kamfanin da ya gabace ta Afrikaansche Handelsvereeniging ("Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Afirka" ko AHV), wanda Hendrik Muller Szn ya sake tsara shi. cikin NAHV. Hukumar ta NAHV ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1982. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=van der Laan |first=H. Laurens |date=1983 |title=Trading in the Congo: The NAHV from 1918 to 1955 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3601327 |journal=African Economic History |issue=12 |pages=241–259 |doi=10.2307/3601327 |issn=0145-2258 |jstor=3601327 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Tarihi == 'Yan kasuwan Holland Henry Kerdijk da Lodewijk Pincoffs sun kafa Afrikaansche Handelsvereeniging (AHV) a 1869. A cikin 1879, AHV ya rushe bayan bayyanar shekaru na yaudarar lissafin kuɗi da lamuni na sirri ta Kerdijk da Pincoffs. Bayan wannan badakalar, dukkan abokan huldar sun gudu daga kasar. Pincoffs, sannan dan majalisar dattijai dan kasar Holland, ya gudu zuwa Amurka, yayin da aka kama Kerdijk bayan wani yunkurin kashe kansa a Belgium. Dukkan abokan haɗin gwiwar an yanke musu hukunci (a cikin rashi akan sashin Pincoffs) <ref>{{Cite web |title=L. Pincoffs |url=https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09ll4m0mzy/l_pincoffs |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=www.parlement.com |language=nl}}</ref> na jabu da zamba a cikin 1880. A wannan lokacin kamfanin ya kasance guilders miliyan 9.5 a cikin bashi, tare da manyan masu lamuni shine birnin [[Rotterdam]] da kamfanin Mees & Zoonen. Dan kasuwa na tushen Rotterdam Hendrik Muller Szn. , wanda kuma ke da muradin ciniki a Afirka, an nada shi a matsayin mai rushe AHV. Tare da haɗin gwiwar masu ba da bashi na kamfani da kuma tallafin kuɗi daga birnin Rotterdam, an sake tsara AHV zuwa Nieuwe Afrikaanse Handels-Vennootschap (NAHV) a cikin 1880. A shekara ta 1890, kamfanin ya gudanar da wasu wuraren kasuwanci 75 a Afirka ta Tsakiya. A shekara ta 1893, dangantakar da ke tsakanin NAHV da Belgian ta Kongo Free State ta yi tsami kuma kamfanin ya kara fadada zuwa yankunan Faransanci da Portuguese a Afirka ta Tsakiya. Hukumar ta NAHV ta kuma kulla yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa da Compagnie du Kasai da Compagnie du Lobay. A shekara ta 1937, kamfanin ya mallaki masana'antar auduga guda bakwai a Kongo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2.18.10.09 Inventaris van het archief van de Nieuwe Afrikaansche Handels-Vennootschap (NAHV), (1854) 1880-1959 (1981) |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.18.10.09 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Nationaal Archief |language=nl}}</ref> NAHV ta ci gaba da aiki a Kongo ta Belgium har zuwa 1955. == Kayayyaki == NAHV ta fi yin ciniki da copal, roba na halitta, da hauren giwa . Musamman roba 'ja Kasai' ya shahara saboda ita ce mafi kyawun ingancin roba. An samar da kayayyakin don kamfanin, ko kuma an saya su a cikin gida, sannan aka tura su cikin [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]] zuwa bakin teku. Daga nan ne aka tura kayayyakin zuwa Turai da sauran sassan duniya. == A cikin Adabi == An rubuta litattafai da yawa game da rayuwar ma'aikatan NAHV a Kongo kamar Alfons Vermeulen da Henri van Booven . == Taskoki == Ana adana ma'ajiyar tarihin NAHV a cikin Babban Archief na kasa da ke Hague. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2.18.10.09 Inventaris van het archief van de Nieuwe Afrikaansche Handels-Vennootschap (NAHV), (1854) 1880-1959 (1981) |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/2.18.10.09 |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Nationaal Archief |language=nl}}</ref> === Bayanan kula === {{reflist}} == Mahaɗa == * [http://www.gahetna.nl/archievenoverzicht/pdf/NL-HaNA_2.18.10.09.ead.pdf Nationaal Archief - Inventaris van het archief van de Nieuwe Afrikaansche Handels-Vennootschap (NAHV)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831093026/http://www.gahetna.nl/archievenoverzicht/pdf/NL-HaNA_2.18.10.09.ead.pdf |date=2020-08-31 }} * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3601327 Trading in the Congo: The NAHV from 1918 to 1955] * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3601324 The New Africa Trading Company and the Struggle for Import Duties in the Congo Free State, 1886-1894] [[Rukuni:Tarihin Afirka]] 8r48r1y193fx8l4xl1klvv878acuvh9 0 105139 889265 838019 2026-07-30T07:12:35Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shia da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai kabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987-1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe daruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar kabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya kalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar karuwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran karya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin 2012 da 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mc4zeuxc1yaz5ywt9894zgohn4ob28n 889266 889265 2026-07-30T07:13:42Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987-1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe daruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar kabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya kalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar karuwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran karya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin 2012 da 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9ya80hbf1jryp39edcxym6axs4cvmap 889267 889266 2026-07-30T07:14:34Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987-1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe daruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar kabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya kalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar karuwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran karya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin 2012 da 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hf2xv78z0072lzhsup5b3l3h4hq28n4 889268 889267 2026-07-30T07:15:24Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987-1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe daruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar kabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya kalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar karuwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin 2012 da 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cf3ugx1n7sq1qgxudg4vhp5y8hievqo 889269 889268 2026-07-30T07:16:43Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe daruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar kabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya kalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar karuwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin 2012 da 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oq7m277u26d4u70kmrfeiy5vgourhjr 889270 889269 2026-07-30T07:17:33Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe daruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar kabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya kalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar karuwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin 2012 da 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g38xd00ocl4pa2hdi34d44enn54s0sj 889271 889270 2026-07-30T07:19:02Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe daruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar kabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya kalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar karuwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7svfwl50hfp95y3xnsa0yg1yoiomwcz 889272 889271 2026-07-30T07:20:03Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe daruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar kabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ol9wvn2p3txycvi1lph2hdgii71318k 889273 889272 2026-07-30T07:20:56Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata kungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pimpqcd62tnm1bcm2rufm3mkljp9xwk 889274 889273 2026-07-30T07:22:04Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qn3hmkbk4oaty8o4ilj9avum93r3zn0 889275 889274 2026-07-30T07:23:14Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan kasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraki aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0jyuwu2t5uvcu45n02ktmlvbuuxkc36 889276 889275 2026-07-30T07:24:25Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Kungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 53ixk0p41msd53i91dpu2uox2tsmgsj 889277 889276 2026-07-30T07:26:42Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin kungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lcn2qx7gmxblo4vqipfdjn64rentrm3 889278 889277 2026-07-30T07:29:02Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraki == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraki. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraki suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qyog1payarynz6av75p16ubu68r0b42 889279 889278 2026-07-30T07:30:19Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziki ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shia a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Irai. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 77k8i3o2f5r35lua6ol8rtpsa0b08l6 889280 889279 2026-07-30T07:31:21Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Irai. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraki sun gudanar da kisan kare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraki wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yakin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jht38s28aowcl18j2l72qganoycoux3 889281 889280 2026-07-30T07:33:28Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraƙi. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraƙi sun gudanar da kisan ƙare dangi a kan [[Kurdawa]] na Iraƙi wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa kodayake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yaƙin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5eyp3gn5qjlgnyntnltq2j8tjd02jq2 889282 889281 2026-07-30T07:34:38Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraƙi. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraƙi sun gudanar da kisan ƙare dangi a kan [[ƙurdawa]] na Iraƙi wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa koda yake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraki sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yaƙin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 150omy7xqyf18jpjlzp378w5ur1inpj 889283 889282 2026-07-30T07:37:46Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraƙi. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraƙi sun gudanar da kisan ƙare dangi a kan [[ƙurdawa]] na Iraƙi wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa koda yake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraƙi sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yaƙin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i73dvvp3gjnbmt7cui21hhv75zljy8g 889284 889283 2026-07-30T07:38:49Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraƙi. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraƙi sun gudanar da kisan ƙare dangi a kan [[ƙurdawa]] na Iraƙi wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa koda yake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraƙi sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yaƙin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Wadannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hcs74k5cf76brcc3dxpljfmuidckzv4 889285 889284 2026-07-30T07:39:54Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraƙi. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraƙi sun gudanar da kisan ƙare dangi a kan [[ƙurdawa]] na Iraƙi wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa koda yake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraƙi sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yaƙin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Waɗannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 56y5u6i95hozxmtx8qhpz3ru2cs7pfy 889286 889285 2026-07-30T07:40:32Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'a Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'a Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraƙi. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraƙi sun gudanar da kisan ƙare dangi a kan [[ƙurdawa]] na Iraƙi wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa koda yake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraƙi sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yaƙin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Waɗannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a Qatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cgz5iw0h8y9dbsz3s42prhxv4rp0tx3 889287 889286 2026-07-30T07:43:45Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'a Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'a Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraƙi. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraƙi sun gudanar da kisan ƙare dangi a kan [[ƙurdawa]] na Iraƙi wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa koda yake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraƙi sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yaƙin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Waɗannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a ƙatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rlfxnzdk8ms3msoce4c7ywqeffw6lk4 0 105342 889341 881240 2026-07-30T11:50:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Phillip Jevons'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Jevons Phil Jevons </ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131205002540/http://www.bcfc.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10327~5703,00.html Bristol City F.C. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</ref> (An haife shi a ranar 1 ga Agusta shekarar 1979) kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila kuma tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ke aiki a matsayin kocin riƙo a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Everton.<ref>http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/RulesandRegulations/~/media/Files/PDF/TheFA/PlayerRegistrations/2012/april-2012-registrations.ashx</ref><ref>http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=10585 Soccerbase. Retrieved 16 July 2012 offeeWeb. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, ɗan wasan gaba ne wanda ya buga wasa tsakanin 1996 da 2014 a [[Everton FC|Everton]], Grimsby Town, Hull City, Yeovil Town, Bristol City, Huddersfield Town, [[Bury F.C.|Bury]], Morecambe, Hyde da Stockport County . Jevons ya fito daga makarantar matasa ta ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] [[Everton FC|ta Everton]] kuma an ɗaukaka shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta ƙungiyar a 1996. Ya buga wasanni takwas kacal a gasar kafin a sayar da shi ga Grimsby Town a 2001. A lokacin da yake ɗan wasan Grimsby ne ake tunawa da shi da zira ƙwallon da ta ci wa Mariners a minti na ƙarshe a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a zagaye na uku na gasar League Cup a 2001, wanda ya bai wa Mariners nasara 2-1 a [[Filin Wasa na anfield|Anfield]], bayan da farko sun kasa cin nasara 1-0. Ya koma Hull City a matsayin aro kafin ya koma Grimsby a kakar wasa ta 2003-04.<ref>http://www.toffeeweb.com/players/profiles/Jevons.asp</ref> A kakar wasa mai zuwa ya koma Yeovil Town inda ya zira kwallaye 42 a wasanni 84 a cikin shekaru biyu kafin ya sanya hannu a Bristol City . A shekarar 2008, ya koma Huddersfield Town na dindindin bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na aro, kuma a shekarar 2009 aka sake ba shi aro ga [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] da Morecambe . A shekarar 2010, ya sanya hannu da Morecambe na dindindin, inda ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 65 a cikin shekaru biyu da ya yi yana wasa. A shekarar 2012 bayan fitowarsa daga kulob din, ya dauki matakin farko na shiga kwallon kafa ta hanyar sanya hannu da sabuwar kungiyar Conference National Hyde . Jevons ya zira kwallaye 15 a wasanni 35, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Hyde ya tsira a gasar, amma a ranar 21 ga Mayu 2013 ya sanya hannu a Stockport County, wacce Hyde ta sha kashi a hannunta. A shekarar 2014, ya sanar da yin ritayarsa don mayar da hankali kan aikinsa na koci. Ya buga wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru a Stockport County a wasan da suka doke Harrogate Town da ci 3-1, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] == Sana'a == === Kungiyar Everton === Haifaffen dan kungiyar [[Liverpool]]<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/worthington_cup/1584478.stm BBC Sport. 9 October 2001. Retrieved 2 September 2009.</ref>, Merseyside, Jevons ya fito ne daga makarantar matasa ta Everton. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa matasa a ƙungiyarsu ta reserve, inda ya zira kwallaye 37 a wasanni 90 na ƙungiyar matasa kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta lashe gasar FA Premier Reserve League a 2001. Duk da shahararsa ta yawan zura kwallaye a ƙungiyoyin matasa da na reserve, ya kasa shiga ƙungiyar farko akai-akai. Amma, ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a ranar 10 ga Maris 1999, inda ya maye gurbin Nick Barmby a minti na 38 a wasan Premier da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 2-1 a Ewood Park. An ba shi damar fara wasa a ƙungiyar a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1999 a wasan da Oxford United ta doke su da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup, duk da haka Francis Jeffers ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 46. Wasansa na ƙarshe ya zo ne a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2001 lokacin da ya buga wasa a wasan da Chelsea ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. An sanya Jevons a cikin jerin 'yan wasa a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2000-01.<ref>http://www.toffeeweb.com/season/00-01/reports/chelsea_a.asp</ref><ref>http://www.grimsby-townfc.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10417~5703,00.html</ref><ref>http://www.toffeeweb.com/season/00-01/reports/chelsea_a.asp ToffeeWeb. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</ref> === Grimsby Town === A watan Yulin 2001, an sayar da shi ga Grimsby Town kan £250,000. Grimsby yana wasa a rukunin farko na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma Jevons yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa na farko da suka fara saye a sabon kakar wasa ga manaja Lennie Lawrence. Ya fara buga wasa nan take a Blundell Park kuma ya taimaka wa Grimsby ya kai matsayin kololuwar gasar a cikin wasanni biyar na farko na kakar wasa, musamman haɗin gwiwarsa da matashin ɗan wasan gaba Jonathan Rowan ya nuna kyakkyawan fata. A ranar 9 ga Oktoban 2001, ya zira ƙwallo mai nisa a lokacin ƙarin lokaci na wasan cin kofin League da Liverpool don ya sa Grimsby<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_div_2/3507665.stm BBC Sport. 28 February 2004. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</ref> ta kai zagaye na gaba inda ta doke Liverpool. Jevons ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2001-02 bayan ya buga wasanni 37 yana zura ƙwallaye takwas a duk gasa. Bayan wasanni uku da Grimsby ya buga a kakar wasa ta 2002-03, an sanya Jevons a cikin jerin 'yan wasa saboda dalilai na kuɗi, amma daga baya an cire shi kuma an ba shi aro na tsawon kakar wasa ga abokan hamayyar Humber derby Hull City. Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni 26 a Hull, kafin ya koma Mariners a lokacin bazara na 2003 bayan faduwar Grimsby daga matakin rukuni na biyu na kwallon kafa na Ingila. Bayan korar Paul Groves da nadin Nicky Law, Jevons ya kulla kyakkyawar alaƙa da Isaiah Rankin, ya zira kwallaye hudu a wasan da suka doke Barnsley da ci 6-1 a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2004. Duk da wannan, kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a karo na biyu a jere, Jevons ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye goma sha biyu kuma ya bar kulob din a karshen kakar wasa. Jimilla Jevons ya zira kwallaye 24 a matsayin dan wasan Grimsby Town.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/y/yeovil/3819881.stm</ref> === Yeovil Town === A ranar 18 ga Yuni 2004, ya koma Yeovil Town a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 a wasan da Bury ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 10 ga Agusta 2004, a wani bangare na wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Darlington. Sannan ya zura kwallaye a kowanne wasa biyu da suka yi da Boston United da Notts County. A ranar 18 ga Satumba 2004, ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko ga kungiyar a wasan da suka doke Oxford United da ci 6-1. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye uku a raga a wannan kakar wasa da Chester City da Bristol Rovers bi da bi. Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da jimillar kwallaye 29 a dukkan gasa. Jevons ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2005-06 a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2005 a wasan da suka yi da Walsall da ci 2-1. Kafin sabuwar shekara, ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye bakwai ciki har da kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Nottingham Forest da ci 3-0 a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 2005. Bayan Sabuwar Shekara, ya sake zura kwallaye takwas, ciki har da kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi da Hartlepool United da Huddersfield Town. Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2005-06 da kwallaye goma sha shida a dukkan gasa.<ref>https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=10585&season_id=136 Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</ref> === Bristol City === A ranar 22 ga Mayu 2006, Jevons ya koma Bristol City a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu bayan Gary Johnson ya koma Ashton Gate. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a matsayin dan wasan Bristol City a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2006 a wasan da Huddersfield Town ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. A ranar 3 ga Disamba 2006 ya zura kwallaye uku a gasar cin kofin FA a wani bangare na nasarar da suka samu a kan Gillingham da ci 4-3. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye goma sha bakwai a kakar wasa ta 2006-07, inda ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta haura zuwa Gasar Zakarun Kwallon Kafa. Ya fara kakar wasa ta 2007-08 da kyau inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Brentford da ci 3-0 a gasar cin kofin League. Amma bayan ya buga wasanni uku ba tare da kwallo ba, an kore shi daga kungiyar a kan yarjejeniyar aro ta wata daya zuwa Huddersfield Town a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2007.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140222002303/http://www.bcfc.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10327~39683,00.html</ref> === Huddersfield Town === Jevons lokacin da yake aro a Bury a 2009 Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2007, a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Leyton Orient ta sha kashi 1-0 a filin wasa na Galpharm. A ranar 1 ga Disamba 2007, ya zura kwallaye biyu na farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka tashi 3-0 da tsohuwar kungiyarsa, Grimsby Town don ya sa Huddersfield ta kai zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a wasan da suka doke Bristol Rovers da ci 2-1. A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2007, an tsawaita kwangilar Jevons a Huddersfield har zuwa 19 ga Janairu 2008. Duk da haka, a ranar 10 ga Janairu an sanya hannu kan Jevons kan £100,000, kudin da zai iya ninka zuwa £200,000 dangane da yadda yake bugawa da kuma ko Huddersfield za ta iya samun ci gaba. Jevons ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin da zai kai shi ga bazara na 2010. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyar a kakar wasa ta 2007-08, wanda ya kai jimillar kwallayensa na kakar wasa zuwa goma sha ɗaya ga Bristol City da Huddersfield.[36] Bayan ya buga wasanni goma sha shida ba tare da kwallo ba a rabin farko na kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a ranar 10 ga Janairu 2009 a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Northampton Town. Ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu a wasanni uku yayin da kungiyarsa ta sha kashi a hannun Leicester City da ci 4-2.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_div_2/7099984.stm</ref> A ranar 21 ga Maris 2009, Jevons ya koma kungiyar Bury ta Football League Two a yarjejeniyar aro na wata daya. A ranar 24 ga Maris, ya fara buga wasa a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Rotherham. Bayan wasu wasanni biyu ba tare da kwallo ba, ya zura kwallo ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 da Shrewsbury Town a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2009. Ya sake zura kwallo daya kawai ga Bury a wasan da suka tashi 1-0 da Accrington Stanley. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2009, Jevons ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa Morecambe na tsawon kakar wasa, tare da abokin wasansa Ian Craney. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Morecambe a wasan da suka sha kashi 5-2 a hannun Burton Albion a ranar 15 ga Agusta 2009. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Rochdale da tsohuwar kungiyarsa Bury. Ya zura kwallaye goma sha takwas a tsawon kakar wasansa ta aro a kungiyar. === Morecambe === Bayan an sallame shi daga Huddersfield Town, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin a ranar 4 ga Yuli 2010. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko tun bayan da ya koma Morecambe har abada a ranar 24 ga Agusta 2010 a wasan da Burnley ta doke su da ci 3-1 a gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta Football League. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2010, ya zura kwallaye uku a wasan da suka doke Stockport County da ci 5-0. Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2010-11 bayan ya zura kwallaye tara a wasanni 41 a dukkan gasa. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2011-12 a ranar 13 ga Agusta, a wasan da suka doke Hereford United da ci 3-0. Jevons ya zura kwallaye hudu kacal a duk kakar wasa. An sallame shi a karshen kakar wasa, manaja Jim Bentley ya bayyana cewa Jevons bai dace da shirinsa na gaba ba.<ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_3/9140668.stm</ref> === Hyde === A ranar 16 ga Afrilu ya koma Wrexham a gwaji,[56] amma a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2012 Jevons ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar ƙungiyar Conference National Hyde. Ya zira kwallayensa na farko a ƙungiyar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a wasan da suka doke Hereford United da ci 5-2 a watan Satumbar 2012. Ya ƙara kashi na huɗu a kakar wasa ta gaba a wasansa na gaba - rashin nasara 3-2 a hannun Lincoln City. Ya zira kwallaye na biyar a wasanni uku yayin da ƙungiyarsa ta yi kunnen doki 2-2 da Nuneaton Town. Bayan wasanni uku ba tare da zura kwallo ba, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Tamworth a watan Oktoban 2012. A watan Disamba na 2012, ya zira kwallaye huɗu a wasan da suka doke Woking da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo jimillar kwallayen Hyde zuwa goma sha uku a wasanni goma sha tara. Jevons ya bar Hyde a ƙarshen kakar wasa bayan ya zira kwallaye 15 a wasanni 35.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/18410318</ref> === Stockport County === A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2013 Jevons ya rattaba hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar Stockport County, wacce ta fice daga gasar Conference North. Ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar hatters wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 4-1 a hannun Boston United a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2013-14. Ya zura kwallayensa na farko a Stockport a wasan da suka doke Gainsborough Trinity da ci 3-1 a gida a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2013. Jevons ya sanar da yin ritaya daga wasan kuma zai buga wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar Hatters kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Harrogate Town da ci 3-1.<ref> http://www.stockportcounty.com/fixtures-results/match-report/index.aspx?matchid=3641723 </ref> == Aikin kochin == Jevons ya fara aiki a matsayinsa na Kocin FA kuma tun daga lokacin ya koma Everton don taimakawa wajen horar da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 9 da kuma ci gaba da wasa a matsayin ƙwararre. A watan Satumba na 2012 ya kuma zama Babban Kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya mai suna "The Next Football Superstar". Daga baya ya ci gaba da aiki tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta Everton.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2022/december/philjevonsfirstteamcoach/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423075439/https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2022/december/philjevonsfirstteamcoach/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2021, Jevons ya sanya hannu kan kwangila a matsayin kocin ƙungiya ta farko da kuma kocin makarantar sakandare a Sunderland. Bayan korar manaja Lee Johnson, an naɗa Jevons na ɗan lokaci mataimakin manaja na wucin gadi don taimaka wa Mike Dodds. Jevons ya sami ci gaba daga League 1 zuwa Championship. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2021–22, an sallami Jevons daga mukaminsa a Sunderland ta hannun Alex Neil, wanda ya maye gurbin Johnson. A ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2022, Jevons ya koma Rochdale a matsayin kocin ƙungiyar farko. A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2026, Everton ta sanar da cewa Phil Jevons zai shiga cikin ma'aikatan ɗakin baya a matsayin kocin riƙo har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. == Rayuwar Kai ta Kai == Jevons ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a garin Gateacre na Merseyside. == A cikin al'adun jama'a == Pete Green ya rubuta "The Ballad of Phil Jevons" wanda ya bayyana a gefen B na waƙar su ta farko mai inci bakwai mai suna Everything I Do Is Gonna Be Sparkly (Atomic Beat Records, 2007 – ABR001). A cewar marubucin waƙar: "Da farko na rubuta waƙar ne kawai don in nishadantar da abokan aikina masu goyon bayan Grimsby, kuma ban yi niyyar yin ta don yin wasan kwaikwayo a bainar jama'a ba saboda ban yi tunanin zai yi wani abu ga kowa ba. Amma sai na yi tunani: hmm, to, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai ban mamaki, mai hazaka amma mai kasala kamar mutum ne na kowa da kowa." == Ƙididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|[[FA Cup]] !colspan="2"|[[Football League Cup|League Cup]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="4" valign="center"|[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |[[1998–99 Everton F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|1998|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |[[Premier League]] |1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||1||0 |- |[[1999–2000 Everton F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|1999|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |Premier League |3||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||4||0 |- |[[2000–01 Everton F.C. season|2000–01]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2000|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |Premier League |4||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||4||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !8!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!9!!0 |- |rowspan="4" valign="center"|[[Grimsby Town F.C.|Grimsby Town]] |[[2001–02 in English football|2001–02]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2001|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |[[Football League First Division|First Division]] |31||6||2||0||4||2||colspan="2"|—||37||8 |- |[[2002–03 Grimsby Town F.C. season|2002–03]]<ref name="02/03 appearances">{{Soccerbase season|10585|2002|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |First Division |3||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||3||0 |- |[[2003–04 Grimsby Town F.C. season|2003–04]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2003|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> ||[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] |29||12||1||1||0||0||0||0||30||13 |- !colspan="2"|Total !63!!18!!3!!1!!4!!2!!0!!0!!70!!21 |- |[[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] (loan) |[[2002–03 Hull City A.F.C. season|2002–03]]<ref name="02/03 appearances"/> |[[Football League Third Division|Third Division]] |24||3||1||0||1||0||0||0||26||3 |- |rowspan="3" valign="center"|[[Yeovil Town F.C.|Yeovil Town]] |[[2004–05 in English football|2004–05]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2004|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |[[Football League Two|League Two]] |46||27||4||2||2||0||0||0||52||29 |- |[[2005–06 Yeovil Town F.C. season|2005–06]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2005|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |[[Football League One|League One]] |38||15||3||1||1||0||1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="FLT">Appearances in [[Football League Trophy]]</ref>||0||43||16 |- !colspan="2"|Total !84!!42!!7!!3!!3!!0!!1!!0!!85!!45 |- |rowspan="3" valign="center"|[[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]] |[[2006–07 in English football|2006–07]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2006|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |League One |41||11||5||4||1||0||4<ref group=lower-alpha name=FLT/>||2||51||17 |- |[[2007–08 Bristol City F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="07/08 appearances">{{Soccerbase season|10585|2007|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |[[Football League Championship|Championship]] |2||0||0||0||2||2||0||0||4||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !43!!11!!5!!4!!3!!2!!4!!2!!55!!19 |- |rowspan="4" valign="center"|[[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] |rowspan="2"|[[2007–08 Huddersfield Town F.C. season|2007–08]]<ref name="07/08 appearances"/><ref group=lower-alpha>Jevons made 10 appearances on loan for the club before joining permanently on 10 January 2008</ref> |rowspan="2"|League One |8||2||2||2||0||0||0||0||10||4 |- |13||5||2||0||0||0||0||0||15||5 |- |[[2008–09 Huddersfield Town F.C. season|2008–09]]<ref name="08/09 appearances">{{Soccerbase season|10585|2008|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |League One |23||2||1||0||1||0||0||0||25||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !44!!9!!5!!2!!1!!0!!0!!0!!50!!11 |- |[[Bury F.C.|Bury]] (loan) |[[2008–09 in English football|2008–09]]<ref name="08/09 appearances"/> |League Two |7||2||0||0||0||0||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="FL2PO">Appearances in [[Football League play-offs|Football League Two play-offs]]</ref>||0||9||2 |- |[[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] (loan) |[[2009–10 in English football|2009–10]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2009|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |League Two |40||18||2||1||0||0||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=FL2PO/>||0||44||19 |- |rowspan="3" valign="center"|[[Morecambe F.C.|Morecambe]] |[[2010–11 Morecambe F.C. season|2010–11]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2010|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |League Two |38||8||1||0||2||1||0||0||41||9 |- |[[2011–12 Morecambe F.C. season|2011–12]]<ref>{{Soccerbase season|10585|2011|name=Phil Jevons|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> |League Two |27||4||1||0||1||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha name=FLT/>||1||30||5 |- !colspan="2"|Total !105!!30!!4!!1!!3!!1!!3!!1!!115!!33 |- |valign="center"|[[Hyde United F.C.|Hyde]] |2012–13<ref>{{cite web | title = Games played by Phil Jevons in 2012/13 | url = http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=10585&season_id=141 | publisher = Soccerbase | access-date = 9 November 2014}}</ref> |[[Conference Premier]] |35||15||2||1||colspan="2"|—||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="FAT">Appearances in [[FA Trophy]]</ref>||0||39||16 |- |valign="center"|[[Stockport County F.C.|Stockport County]] |[[2013–14 in English football|2013–14]] |[[Conference North]] |39||19||2||0||colspan="2"|—||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=FAT/>||2||43||21 |- !colspan="3"|Career totals !452!!149!!29!!12!!16!!5!!14!!5!!511!!171 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == Daraja == ''' A kungiyar Everton''' *[[FA Youth Cup]]: 1998<ref name="ToffeeWeb - Phil Jevons"/> '''Yeovil Town''' *[[Football League Two]]: [[2004–05 Football League Two|2004–05]]<ref name="English League Two 2004-2005 : Table">{{cite web | url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/league-two/2004-2005/table | title=English League Two 2004–2005 : Table | publisher=Statto.com | access-date=16 July 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815082447/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/league-two/2004-2005/table | archive-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> '''Kai da kai''' *Grimsby Town Supporters' Player of the Year: 2003–04 *[[Football League Two]] Golden Boot: 2004–05 *[[PFA Team of the Year]]: [[2004–05 Football League Two]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4475213.stm |title=Sunderland/Wigan dominate line-up |website=BBC Sport |date=24 April 2005 |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> *[[FA Cup]] Player of the Round (Second Round): 2005–06<ref name="Jevons claims FA Cup player award">{{cite web | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/fa_cup/6214634.stm | title=Jevons claims FA Cup player award | publisher=BBC Sport | date=11 December 2006 | access-date=16 July 2012}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 401dy2q2e82e90weip5vhlxyoaysrzx 0 105767 889114 665182 2026-07-29T18:46:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nicholas Ugbane''' // i (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba 1953) ɗan bankin Najeriya ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance a cikin [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] tsakanin 2003 da 2011 kuma ya kasance Sanata na [[Wakilan Majalisar Tarayyar Najeriya daga Kogi|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabashin Kogi ta Jihar Kogi]] . Shi memba ne na [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a]] (PDP). Kafin aikinsa na sanata, Ugbane ya kasance manajan darektan Bankin Republic Limited da Kwamishinan Mai Girma na: Ilimi, Matasa da Wasanni, Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Aikin Gona da albarkatun Halitta. == Tarihi == An haifi Nicholas Ugbane a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1953, a [https://www.mindat.org/feature-2343849.html Egume, Dekina LGA, na Jihar Kogi] . Ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (Financi) daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria . Ya kasance Sanata da aka zaba (UNCP) a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1998. An nada shi Kwamishinan Ilimi, Aikin Gona, Kasuwanci da Masana'antu, Matasa da Wasanni na Jihar Kogi . <ref name="usaid"> {{Cite web |date=December 2008 |title=Investing in People |url=http://www.usaid.gov/ng/downloads/abjdatelinedec2008%20(pdf,%20295kb).pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218151159/http://www.usaid.gov/ng/downloads/abjdatelinedec2008%20(pdf,%20295kb).pdf |archive-date=18 February 2009 |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=USAID}} </ref> == Kwarewar Ilimi da Kwarewa == * Digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA-JUNE 1981) daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria * Gudanar da Kasuwanci tare da ƙwarewa a Bankin da Kudi ''' (Bsc-Yuni 1975''') daga [[Jerin Tsofaffin dalibai na jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria . * Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Masana Gudanarwa, Warwickshire, Ingila (AMIMS-JUNE 1980) * Mataimakin memba na cibiyar Bankers, London (ACIB-SEPTEMBER 1981) * Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Najeriya (AMNIM-JUNE 1984) * Fellow, cibiyar hayar bankuna (FCIB-JUNE 1993) == Ayyukan banki == * '''Manajan Darakta''' Fabrairu 1993 - Maris 1994 Bankin Jamhuriyar da aka iyakance, Babban ofishin Legas * '''Babban Darakta (Ayyuka) ''' Satumba 1989 - Janairu 1993 Bankin Lobi na Najeriya Limited, Jihar Makurdi Benue * '''Shugaban Sashen (Mai Kula da Kudin) ''' Eko International Bank of Nigeria Plc, Legas * '''Mataimakin Janar Manajan''' Afrilu 1988 - Yuli 1988 Bankin Tarayyar Najeriya Plc, Legas * '''Babban manajan ci gaba na yanki''' Yuli 1984 - Afrilu 1986 Bankin Tarayyar Najeriya Plc, ofishin tsibirin Legas, Legas * '''Babban Manajan Taimako''' Oktoba 1981 - Yuli 1984 Bankin Tarayyar Najeriya Plc, Babban Ofishin Legas * '''Mai Binciken Kudi''' Bankin Kasuwanci na Duniya Plc (IMB) Tsibirin Victoria, Legas * '''Mataimakin Zartarwa''' Yuli 1979 - Satumba 1980 Bankin Kasuwancin Najeriya ya iyakance, Legas * '''Mai kula''' Yuli 1975 - Nuwamba 1975 [[First Bank (Nijeriya)|Bankin farko na Najeriya]] Plc, Kano == Ayyukan siyasa == === Majalisar Dattawa === === Lokaci na farko (2003-2007) === [[Fayil:NigeriaKogi.png|right|thumb|200x200px|[[Jihar Kogi]] a [[Najeriya]]]] An zabi Ugbane a Majalisar Dattijai don wakiltar [[Gundumar Sanatan Kogi ta Gabas|Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Kogi]] a shekara ta 2003 wakiltar [[All Nigeria Peoples Party|Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya]] (ANPP). A shekara ta 2004, ya yi adawa da shawarar da Babban Bankin Najeriya ya bayar don sake fasalin rarraba bankunan zuwa manyan, matsakaici da ƙananan rukunoni.<ref> {{Cite web |date=7 May 2006 |title=Third term: Campaigners short of 22 senators |url=http://www.orjikalu.com/pressdetail.php?start=479 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723115956/http://www.orjikalu.com/pressdetail.php?start=479 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=Orji Kalu}} </ref>Bayan hadarin jirgin sama a [[Abuja]] a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006 wanda ya kashe mutane sama da 95, Ugbane na daga cikin Sanatocin da suka yi kira ga ministan jirgin sama, Farfesa Babalola Borishade ya yi murabus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2006 |title=Borishade out, so what? |url=http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/archive/WT4110206/bor4112006.htm |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=Weekend Triumph |archive-date=2009-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014222505/http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/archive/WT4110206/bor4112006.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Lokaci na biyu (2007-2011) === An sake zabar Ugbane a shekarar 2007 a kan dandalin PDP. An nada shi a kwamitocin kan Asusun Jama'a, Nijar Delta, [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] da Jirgin Sama.A lokacin muhawara game da gabatarwa na Sanata David Mark a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai, an dauki Ugbane a matsayin madadin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SENATE PRESIDENCY: ANTI-MARK OPPOSITION MOUNTS |url=http://www.radionigeriaonline.com/spotlight/elections2007.html |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=Radio Nigeria |archive-date=2009-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703075112/http://www.radionigeriaonline.com/spotlight/elections2007.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2007, Majalisar Dattijai ta yanke shawarar bincika amfani da kudaden da aka ware don Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta. Ugbane, a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai a kan INEC, ya goyi bayan binciken amma ya kare kansa daga zargin cewa bai yi isasshen kulawa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2007 |title=Senate probes INEC |url=http://www.mynaijanews.com/content/view/19/144/ |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=My Naija News}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Ugbane ta kasance mai magana a cikin yakin neman zabe game da cin hanci da rashawa da zamba a bangaren wutar lantarki a lokacin da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ke mulki (1999-2007). <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2009 |title=Another Sordid Affair at the National Assembly |url=http://www.newswatchngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=949&Itemid=47 |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=Newswatch Magazine}}</ref>A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008, Ugbane ya kasance memba a wani taro kan bunkasa da tallafawa mahimman kayan aikin makamashi a Najeriya.<ref> {{Cite web |date=29–30 April 2008 |title=Developing and supporting critical energy infrastructure |url=http://www.beg.utexas.edu/energyecon/documents/NAEE%20Program%20Template%20v1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708210458/http://www.beg.utexas.edu/energyecon/documents/NAEE%20Program%20Template%20v1.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2008 |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=University of Texas – Bureau of Economic Geology}} </ref>A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008, Ugbane ya kasance mai magana game da bunkasa tsarin ikon Najeriya a taron shekara-shekara na 9 na Jihar Najeriya da aka gudanar a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], Amurka.<ref> {{Cite web |date=10 October 2008 |title=Developing Nigeria’s Power Sector: Strategies, Challenges and Impact |url=http://www.npf-usa.org/documents/npf2008flyer.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227074545/http://www.npf-usa.org/documents/npf2008flyer.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2012 |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=Nigerian Peoples Forum USA}} </ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, Ugbane na Kogi East, wanda kuma shine tushen gwamnan jihar Kogi [[Ibrahim Idris]], ya shiga cikin rikici tare da Sanata Smart Adeyemi na Kogi West game da gabatarwa na ministoci daga jihar.<ref> {{Cite web |date=14 December 2008 |title=War over Ministerial nominee |url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2008/dec/14/powergame-14-12-2008-004.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710030710/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2008/dec/14/powergame-14-12-2008-004.htm |archive-date=10 July 2009 |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=Daily Sun}} </ref>Ya bayyana cewa nadin Humphrey Enemakwu Abah don matsayin minista zai saba wa Sashe na 14 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Najeriya, wanda ke hulɗa da Halin Tarayya.<ref> {{Cite web |date=12 December 2008 |title=Senate rejects ministerial nominee |url=http://www.nigerianobservernews.com/12122008/news/news4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183107/http://www.nigerianobservernews.com/12122008/news/news4.html |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=2009-09-26 |publisher=Nigerian Observer}} </ref>A wannan watan Ugbane ya ba da gudummawar cikakken ɗakin aji ga SS Peter da Paul Academy, Egume a jihar Kogi.<ref name="usaid"/> == Kwamishinan == * Kwamishinan girmamawa, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da albarkatun kasa Kogi Jihar Fabrairu 2001 zuwa 2003 * Kwamishinan girmamawa, Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Masana'antu da Ma'adanai masu ƙarfi, Jihar Kogi Oktoba 2000 zuwa 2001 * Kwamishinan girmamawa, Ma'aikatar Matasa da Wasanni, Jihar Kogi. Afrilu 2000 zuwa Oktoba 2000 * Kwamishinan girmamawa, Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Jihar Kogi. Yuli 1999 zuwa Afrilu 2000 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pg3jtmq8se4ccufzd7ujb7ixcgiwxyi 0 106078 889245 662585 2026-07-30T06:48:26Z BnHamid 12586 889245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Govan Archibald Mvunyelwa Mbeki (9 ga Yulin 1910 - 30 ga Agusta 2001) ɗan siyasa Afirka ta Kudu ne, kwamandan soja, shugaban Kwaminisanci wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Umkhonto mu Sizwe, a farkonsa a 1961. Ya kuma kasance ƙaramin ɗan Cif Skelewu Mbeki da Johanna Mabula kuma mahaifin tsohon shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Thabo Mbeki da masanin tattalin arziki na siyasa Moeletsi Mbeki .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govan_Mbeki</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 5z1gf4zgormcw70924nqsj5orfk64y0 0 107439 889111 816847 2026-07-29T18:41:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Nicholas Omonuk</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |1999 (shekaru 25-26) <div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Pallisa, Gabashin Uganda</div>&nbsp;<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ƙasar | class="infobox-data category" |Yaren mutanen Uganda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ilimi | class="infobox-data" |Digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arzikin ƙasa, kimantawa na ƙasa da dukiya (Bincike) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma Matar&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Jami'ar Kyambogo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data role" |Mai fafutukar adalci na yanayi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ƙungiya | class="infobox-data org" |Ƙarshen burbushin halittu mamaye Uganda |} '''Nicholas Omonuk''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1999) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-17 |title=Park Platz |url=https://www.park-platz.org/de/agenda/lokal-aber-global-vernetzt-gemeinsam-gegen-die-klimakrise |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=www.park-platz.org |language=de-DE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christian climate campaigners target insurance firms |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2024/1-november/news/uk/christian-climate-campaigners-target-insurance-firms |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=www.churchtimes.co.uk}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=ANA |title=COP29: African Youth Activists Demand Increased Adaptation Finance for the Global South – AfricaNewsAnalysis |url=https://www.africanewsanalysis.com/cop29-african-youth-activists-demand-increased-adaptation-finance-for-the-global-south/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> shi ne mai fafutukar kare hakkin yanayi na Uganda <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Matovu |first=Muhamadi |date=2024-07-10 |title=Omonuk determined to get global voice for climate justice |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/climate-change/206997/omonuk-determined-to-get-global-voice-for-climate-justic |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nicholas Omonuk, Author at African Arguments |url=https://africanarguments.org/author/nicholas-omonuk/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=African Arguments |language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma wanda ya kafa End Fossil Occupy Uganda, wani yunkuri da ke ba da shawara ga matakin daga man fetur da [[Canjin Adalci|sauyawa kawai]] (a tsari na canza tattalin arziki da al'ummomi zuwa dorewa yayin tabbatar da adalci da daidaito ga kowa, musamman wadanda suka fi fuskantar canje-canje) a Afirka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Luke |first=Jordan |date=2024-07-10 |title=Uganda's Fight for Climate Justice Spearheaded by Nicholas Omonuk |url=https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Uganda Timez |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513142551/https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=29 April 2023 |title=Govts asked to invest in renewable energies to mitigate climate change |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/govts-asked-to-invest-in-renewable-energies-t-159249 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Omonuk tana da digiri a fannin tattalin arzikin ƙasa daga [[Jami'ar Kyambogo]], kuma ta shiga cikin kamfen ɗin yanayi na duniya da tarurruka, gami da abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi na duniya kamar Tarayyar Turai Alpbach a [[Austriya|Austria]], da kuma taron shekara-shekara na UNFCCC kamar Taron Canjin Yanayi na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na shekara-sheko.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Giving young people a public voice: a conversation with Ugandan climate/biodiversity activist Nicholas Omonuk |url=https://georgianbayearthdays.org/2024/05/giving-young-people-a-public-voice-a-conversation-with-ugandan-climate-biodiversity-activist-nicholas-omonuk/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=INTERVIEW Reality Check: Why deregulation fuels climate injustice with Nick Omonuk |url=https://corporatejustice.org/news/interview-reality-check-why-deregulation-fuels-climate-injustice-with-nick-omonuk/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=ECCJ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.alpbach.org/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=European Forum Alpbach |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wallner |first=26 08 2023 um 03:00 von Eva Winroither und Anna |date=2023-08-25 |title=#4: Ein Streit übers Fliegen und ein Afrikaner, der den... |url=https://www.diepresse.com/14429728/4-ein-streit-uebers-fliegen-und-ein-afrikaner-der-den-klimawandel-am-eigenen-leib-erlebt |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=Die Presse |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Nicholas Omonuk Okoit, YOUNGO - UNFCCC SB60 - 4Jun24 - photo |url=https://enb.iisd.org/media/nicholas-omonuk-okoit-youngo-unfccc-sb60-4jun24-photo |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Development |first=The Norwegian Forum for |last2=gate 19 |first2=Environment Hausmanns |title=The loss and damage fund |url=https://forumfor.no/en/news/2023/the-loss-and-damage-fund-the-fund-has-to-be-in-the-billions |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=ForUM for Utvikling og Miljø |language=nb-NO}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Omonuk ya fito ne daga dangin makiyaya a Pallisa, Gabashin [[Uganda]] . Ya fito ne daga kabilar Iteso, inda kowane yaro yake da takamaiman alhakin gida. A cewar majiyoyi, aikinsa ya rinjayi ta hanyar fuskantar tasirin kalubalen muhalli, kamar fari, a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nicholas Omonuk: Grassroots to Climate Justice |url=https://imaginize.world/nicholas-omonuk-grassroots-to-global |access-date=2025-01-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-24 |archive-date=2025-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513142551/https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://corporatejustice.org/news/interview-reality-check-why-deregulation-fuels-climate-injustice-with-nick-omonuk/</ref> Omonuk tana da digiri na farko na kimiyya a fannin tattalin arzikin ƙasa, kimantawa na ƙasa da dukiya (Bincike) daga Jami'ar Kyambogo.<ref>https://corporatejustice.org/news/interview-reality-check-why-deregulation-fuels-climate-injustice-with-nick-omonuk/</ref><ref>https://georgianbayearthdays.org/2024/05/giving-young-people-a-public-voice-a-conversation-with-ugandan-climate-biodiversity-activist-nicholas-omonuk/</ref> == Yunkurin fafutuka == Omonuk ya kafa End Fossil Occupy Uganda, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kutas-Green-Foundation |url=https://www.kutas.org/fossils/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-24 |archive-date=2025-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513142551/https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/govts-asked-to-invest-in-renewable-energies-t-159249</ref> wani yunkuri na yanayi na gida wanda ke ba da shawara don lokacin da aka fitar da man fetur da kuma sauyawa mai kyau ga Afirka. <ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/climate-change/206997/omonuk-determined-to-get-global-voice-for-climate-justic</ref> Ya kasance wani ɓangare na kamfen ɗin yanayi don yin kira ga gwamnatoci da abokan ci gaba da dakatar da tallafawa makamashi na burbushin halittu a duk faɗin duniya don samun makomar mai ɗorewa ga kowa.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/govts-asked-to-invest-in-renewable-energies-t-159249</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hundreds of Students Launch May of Occupations to End Fossil Fuels {{!}} Common Dreams |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/students-occupy-to-end-fossil-fuels |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=www.commondreams.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Gopal |first=By Keerti |date=2024-11-30 |title=To End the Fossil Fuel Era, Activists in London Target the Insurance Industry |url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/30112024/london-activists-target-insurance-industry-fossil-fuels/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Inside Climate News |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin taron Turai na Alpbach a Austria, ya goyi bayan yajin aikin yanayi a inda ya kuma ba da labari ta hanyar kwasfan fayiloli yadda canjin yanayi ke tilasta wa mutane da yawa daga ƙasarsa su sayar da kayansu kuma su gudu zuwa wasu ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wallner |first=26 08 2023 um 03:00 von Eva Winroither und Anna |date=2023-08-25 |title=#4: Ein Streit übers Fliegen und ein Afrikaner, der den... |url=https://www.diepresse.com/14429728/4-ein-streit-uebers-fliegen-und-ein-afrikaner-der-den-klimawandel-am-eigenen-leib-erlebt |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Die Presse |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Keine Bühne für fossile Geldgeber am Forum Alpbach |url=https://www.oekonews.at/keine-buehne-fuer-fossile-geldgeber-am-forum-alpbach+2400+1183527 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=oekonews.at |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-26 |title=Klimawandel: Genderaspekte |url=https://montreet.net/blogs/news/klimawandel-genderfacts |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=MONTREET |language=de |archive-date=2025-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430091647/https://montreet.net/blogs/news/klimawandel-genderfacts |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya goyi bayan aikin yin iyo a Dreirosenbrücke a Basel, [[Switzerland]] wanda ke da niyyar nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin samar da mai da ƙaura.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobi |first=Mona Martin, Maria-Elisa Schrade, Maximilian |date=2023-08-11 |title=Klima-Protest bei Basler Dreirosenbrücke stoppte den Schiffsverkehr |url=https://www.bzbasel.ch/basel/basel-stadt/gegen-erdoeltransport-niemand-haengt-mehr-in-den-seilen-klima-aktion-an-der-dreirosenbruecke-beendet-polizei-kontrolliert-anwesende-ld.2497590 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=bz Basel |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-13 |title=400 am Samstag bei Abschlussdemo in Basel beim No-Border-KlimaCamp |url=https://rdl.de/beitrag/400-am-samstag-bei-abschlussdemo-basel-beim-nobroder-klimacamp |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Radio Dreyeckland |language=de}}</ref> Omonuk ya wakilci Mutanen da Yankunan da suka fi shafa (MAPA) a COP27 da COP28, yana ba da shawara don kawar da man fetur da kuma aiwatar da Asusun Asusun Asarar da Lalacewar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-24 |archive-date=2025-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513142551/https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://imaginize.world/nicholas-omonuk-grassroots-to-global</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, ya halarci taron COP28 Climate Conference a [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]]. Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ko Taron Jam'iyyun UNFCCC, wanda aka fi sani da COP, shine taron Canjin Yanayin Yanayi na 28 na Majalisar Dattijai da aka gudanar a kowace shekara na makonni biyu.<ref>https://forumfor.no/en/news/2023/the-loss-and-damage-fund-the-fund-has-to-be-in-the-billions</ref> A cikin 2024, ya haɗu da Agape Earth Coalition, ƙungiya mai haɗin kai tare da masu fafutukar yanayin yanayi na matasa, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi a matsayin mambobi. An kuma gayyace shi zuwa COP29 a [[Azerbaijan]].<ref>https://www.africanewsanalysis.com/cop29-african-youth-activists-demand-increased-adaptation-finance-for-the-global-south/14/08/55/38/11/2024/</ref> === Rashin amincewa da man fetur === Ayyukan man fetur kamar Uganda's East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP), ana ganin su a matsayin yiwuwar fitar da ci gaban tattalin arziki da inganta damar samun makamashi, kodayake sun haifar da damuwa game da muhalli kuma masu gwagwarmayar muhalli sun yi adawa da su ciki har da Omonuk. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=D: Misereor warnt vor großer Öl-Pipeline in Afrika - Vatican News |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/de/kirche/news/2025-06/d-misereror-warnt-vor-grosser-oel-pipeline-in-uganda.html |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=www.vaticannews.va |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ms-admin-1122 |date=2025-06-05 |title=Misereor und Klimaaktivist warnen vor Öl-Pipeline |url=https://www.derdom.de/misereor-und-klimaaktivist-warnen-vor-oel-pipeline/ |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=Der Dom |language=de}}</ref> Omonuk ya soki shigar kamfanoni a cikin ayyukan man fetur na burbushin halittu a matakin gida da na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glösel |first=Kathrin |date=2023-10-19 |title=Französischer Konzern baut Mega-Pipeline in Uganda und zerstört Lebensgrundlage tausender Familien |url=https://kontrast.at/uganda-pipeline/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Kontrast.at |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU podjetja pod lupo: prisluhnimo ugandskim aktivistom {{!}} Focus na najdi.si novicah |url=https://novice.najdi.si/novica/6a91f09ad5ceb426b9a44ef4c51b323e/focus/eu-podjetja-pod-lupo-prisluhnimo-ugandskim-aktivistom |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=novice.najdi.si}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=Ustrahovanje in pritiski na aktiviste |url=https://www.si21.com/Svet/ustrahovanje-in-pritiski-na-aktiviste/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Dogajanje in novice iz sveta in tujine - Ustrahovanje in pritiski na aktiviste - Si21 - prvi slovenski portal |language=sl}}</ref> Ya yi tsayayya da ayyukan man fetur na burbushin halittu saboda tasirin da suke da shi a kan al'ummomin yankin.<ref>https://insideclimatenews.org/news/30112024/london-activists-target-insurance-industry-fossil-fuels/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Darley |first=James |date=2024-10-30 |title=London Insurance Firms and the Pressure for Oil Divestment |url=https://sustainabilitymag.com/articles/insuring-oil-why-top-london-firms-are-the-target-of-protest |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=sustainabilitymag.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-24 |archive-date=2025-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513142551/https://www.utimez.com/ugandas-fight-for-climate-justice-spearheaded-by-nicholas-omonuk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''EU CSDDD''' A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, Omonuk tare da lauyan kare hakkin dan adam Maxwell Atuhura ya yi kira ga 'yan majalisa na EU da su goyi bayan Dokar Kula da Kula da Kulawa (CSDDD).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silk |first=Ruby |date=2024-10-29 |title=Justice is Everybody's Business: How campaigners took on corporate giants - and won |url=https://meta.eeb.org/2024/10/29/justice-is-everybodys-business-how-campaigners-took-on-corporate-giants-and-won/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=META |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://corporatejustice.org/news/interview-reality-check-why-deregulation-fuels-climate-injustice-with-nick-omonuk/</ref> Ya bayyana cewa umarnin na iya kafa hanyoyin lissafi, yana ba da mafita ga muhalli da cin zarafin bil'adama da suka shafi Kamfanonin Turai a Uganda, <ref name=":4">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/letters/why-eu-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence-directive-is-important-4575212</ref> inda ake iyakance hanyoyin shari'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=Why EU corporate sustainability due diligence directive is important |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/letters/why-eu-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence-directive-is-important-4575212 |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The story of campaigners who took on corporate giants - and won |url=https://friendsoftheearth.eu/publication/the-story-of-the-csddd/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Friends of the Earth Europe |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Beatrice |date=2024-10-21 |title=The story of campaigners who took on corporate giants – and won |url=https://friendsoftheearth.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/JIEB-Document_Oct17.pdf |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Friends of the Earth Europe}}</ref> Koyaya, wasu kungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki da membobin EU suna adawa da umarnin waɗanda ke da ra'ayi cewa zai sanya nauyin sarrafawa mai yawa, ƙara farashin bin doka da kuma yiwuwar cutar da gasa, musamman ga ƙananan kamfanoni da matsakaici. <ref>{{Cite web |title=French banks lead opposition to finance sector's inclusion in EU CSDDD |url=https://www.sustainableviews.com/french-banks-lead-opposition-to-finance-sectors-inclusion-in-eu-csddd/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=www.sustainableviews.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Controversial Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive approved in the EU {{!}} Ministry of Justice and Digital Affairs |url=https://www.justdigi.ee/en/news/controversial-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence-directive-approved-eu |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=www.justdigi.ee |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=The EU's Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive is flawed. But it is an opportunity too {{!}} Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank |url=https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/03/eus-corporate-sustainability-due-diligence-directive-flawed-it-opportunity-too |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=www.chathamhouse.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t5wo6xw2iyt2g8ct826pzs9394zrubh 0 107886 889310 730527 2026-07-30T08:46:58Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cap da dividend''' tsarin ciniki ne na kasuwa wanda ke riƙe da hanyar ƙwanƙwasawa ta asali na ƙwanƙwalwa da kasuwanci, amma kuma ya haɗa da diyya ga masu amfani da makamashi. Wannan diyya shine don daidaita farashin samfuran da kamfanonin da ke haɓaka farashi ga masu amfani sakamakon wannan manufofi.<ref name="cap1">{{Cite journal |last=Boyce |first=James K. |date=August 2009 |title=Cap and Dividend: A State-By-State Analysis |url=http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727185435/http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-27 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne tare da wasu gwamnatoci da ke saita ƙididdigar gurɓataccen gurɓata (misali, don hayakin carbon) da sayar da izinin gurɓata ga jama'a bi da bi. Ana buƙatar masu gurɓata su sayi waɗannan ƙididdigar don daidaita abubuwan gurɓataccen su. Wasu daga cikin masu samar da farashin da ake biya don gurɓata za su haifar da farashi mafi girma ga masu amfani, waɗanda a matsayin 'yan ƙasa suna fuskantar farashi na muhalli na gurɓata. A karkashin tsarin kari da raba, kuɗaden shiga na jama'a da aka tara daga siyar da kudaden gurɓataccen gurɓatacce ana ba da su ga 'yan ƙasa ko masu amfani a matsayin tallafi don haɓaka inganci.<ref name="cap2">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter |title=How cap and dividend works |url=http://www.capanddividend.org/?q=readfirst |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Manufar wannan nau'in haraji shi ne rage yawan fitar da carbon. Wannan yayi gata da tsarin ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci, tare da babban bambanci shi ne cewa 'yan ƙasa suna karɓar biyan kuɗi daga kuɗin haya na gurɓataccen da aka kama a fili, maimakon barin darajar damar gurɓata don zama masu zaman kansu.<ref name="cap3">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter. |date=December 2008 |title=Cap and Dividend, Not Trade: Making Polluters Pay |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cap-and-divident-not-trade |doi=10.1038/scientificamericanearth1208-20 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Biyan rabon kuma na iya tallafawa ƙarin abubuwan da aka tsara don ƙarfafa masu amfani don haɓaka ingancin makamashi, yayin da ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci ba su haɗa kai tsaye da mabukaci ba. Asusun Amincewa da Yanayi mai Lafiya shine hukumar da ke cikin gwamnatin Amurka wacce ke kula da manufofin ƙwanƙwasawa. Za su cika wannan ta hanyar tattara da rarraba kudade daga tsarin rufewa.<ref name="cap1"/> == Ma'anar == '''''An ba da ma'anoni masu dacewa game da cap-and-dividend:''''' * '''Cap-and-Dividend:''' Cap-and'dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.[1]<blockquote>Cap-and-dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke Rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.<ref name="cap5">{{Cite journal |last=(ACMWG) |first=Agricultural Cultural Market Working Group |year=2009 |title=Cap-and-Dividend and Agriculture |url=https://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |access-date=2010-11-30 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093254/http://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> Don ma'anoni a kan Cap-and-Trade, duba kasuwancin hayakiKasuwancin fitarwa == Tarihi == Dan kasuwa na Amurka [[Peter Barnes (entrepreneur)|Peter Barnes]] ne ya fara gabatar da ra'ayin a karkashin sunan "Skytrust" a cikin littafinsa na 2001, Who Owns the Sky?. Barnes ya canza sunan kafin zaben 2008 yayin da ya fara ƙoƙari ya ɗaga bayanin ra'ayin tare da sabon littafi, Climate Solutions: A Citizens Guide da kuma tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDougall |first=J. S. |date=2008-07-22 |title=Reducing Emissions: Cap-and-Say What? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/reducing-emissions-cap-an_b_112677 |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami goyon baya a cikin aikinsa daga kungiyoyi irin su On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap622">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi muhawara sosai game da manufofin tare da [[Joseph J. Romm|Joe Romm]] yana kiranta "ba cikakke ba" kuma mujallar Time ta yaba da ita a matsayin hanyar "Win the War on Global Warming". === Halitta === An fara tunanin ra'ayin ne daga dan kasuwa na Amurka Peter Barnes da irin waɗannan kungiyoyi kamar On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap6">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2ku9r68hh00t7dwlkiqzrnk610xgcpn 889311 889310 2026-07-30T08:48:36Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cap da dividend''' tsarin ciniki ne na kasuwa wanda ke riƙe da hanyar ƙwanƙwasawa ta asali na ƙwanƙwalwa da kasuwanci, amma kuma ya haɗa da diyya ga masu amfani da makamashi. Wannan diyya shine don daidaita farashin samfuran da kamfanonin da ke haɓaka farashi ga masu amfani sakamakon wannan manufofi.<ref name="cap1">{{Cite journal |last=Boyce |first=James K. |date=August 2009 |title=Cap and Dividend: A State-By-State Analysis |url=http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727185435/http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-27 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne tare da wasu gwamnatoci da ke saita ƙididdigar gurɓataccen gurɓata (misali, don hayakin carbon) da sayar da izinin gurɓata ga jama'a bi da bi. Ana buƙatar masu gurɓata su sayi waɗannan ƙididdigar don daidaita abubuwan gurɓataccen su. Wasu daga cikin masu samar da farashin da ake biya don gurɓata za su haifar da farashi mafi girma ga masu amfani, waɗanda a matsayin 'yan ƙasa suna fuskantar farashi na muhalli na gurɓata. A karkashin tsarin kari da raba, kuɗaden shiga na jama'a da aka tara daga siyar da kudaden gurɓataccen gurɓatacce ana ba da su ga 'yan ƙasa ko masu amfani a matsayin tallafi don haɓaka inganci.<ref name="cap2">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter |title=How cap and dividend works |url=http://www.capanddividend.org/?q=readfirst |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Manufar wannan nau'in haraji shi ne rage yawan fitar da carbon. Wannan yayi gata da tsarin ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci, tare da babban bambanci shi ne cewa 'yan ƙasa suna karɓar biyan kuɗi daga kuɗin haya na gurɓataccen da aka kama a fili, maimakon barin darajar damar gurɓata don zama masu zaman kansu.<ref name="cap3">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter. |date=December 2008 |title=Cap and Dividend, Not Trade: Making Polluters Pay |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cap-and-divident-not-trade |doi=10.1038/scientificamericanearth1208-20 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Biyan rabon kuma na iya tallafawa ƙarin abubuwan da aka tsara don ƙarfafa masu amfani don haɓaka ingancin makamashi, yayin da ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci ba su haɗa kai tsaye da mabukaci ba. Asusun Amincewa da Yanayi mai Lafiya shine hukumar da ke cikin gwamnatin Amurka wacce ke kula da manufofin ƙwanƙwasawa. Za su cika wannan ta hanyar tattara da rarraba kudade daga tsarin rufewa.<ref name="cap1"/> == Ma'anar == '''''An ba da ma'anoni masu dacewa game da cap-and-dividend:''''' * '''Cap-and-Dividend:''' Cap-and'dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.[1]<blockquote>Cap-and-dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke Rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.<ref name="cap5">{{Cite journal |last=(ACMWG) |first=Agricultural Cultural Market Working Group |year=2009 |title=Cap-and-Dividend and Agriculture |url=https://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |access-date=2010-11-30 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093254/http://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> Don ma'anoni a kan Cap-and-Trade, duba kasuwancin hayakiKasuwancin fitarwa == Tarihi == Dan kasuwa na Amurka [[Peter Barnes (entrepreneur)|Peter Barnes]] ne ya fara gabatar da ra'ayin a karkashin sunan "Skytrust" a cikin littafinsa na shekarar 2001, Who Owns the Sky?. Barnes ya canza sunan kafin zaben 2008 yayin da ya fara ƙoƙari ya ɗaga bayanin ra'ayin tare da sabon littafi, Climate Solutions: A Citizens Guide da kuma tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDougall |first=J. S. |date=2008-07-22 |title=Reducing Emissions: Cap-and-Say What? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/reducing-emissions-cap-an_b_112677 |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami goyon baya a cikin aikinsa daga kungiyoyi irin su On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap622">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi muhawara sosai game da manufofin tare da [[Joseph J. Romm|Joe Romm]] yana kiranta "ba cikakke ba" kuma mujallar Time ta yaba da ita a matsayin hanyar "Win the War on Global Warming". === Halitta === An fara tunanin ra'ayin ne daga dan kasuwa na Amurka Peter Barnes da irin waɗannan kungiyoyi kamar On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap6">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> f4hj2n156ig3wofpbim8ntrhl6pc9vg 889312 889311 2026-07-30T08:49:42Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cap da dividend''' tsarin ciniki ne na kasuwa wanda ke riƙe da hanyar ƙwanƙwasawa ta asali na ƙwanƙwalwa da kasuwanci, amma kuma ya haɗa da diyya ga masu amfani da makamashi. Wannan diyya shine don daidaita farashin samfuran da kamfanonin da ke haɓaka farashi ga masu amfani sakamakon wannan manufofi.<ref name="cap1">{{Cite journal |last=Boyce |first=James K. |date=August 2009 |title=Cap and Dividend: A State-By-State Analysis |url=http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727185435/http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-27 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne tare da wasu gwamnatoci da ke saita ƙididdigar gurɓataccen gurɓata (misali, don hayakin carbon) da sayar da izinin gurɓata ga jama'a bi da bi. Ana buƙatar masu gurɓata su sayi waɗannan ƙididdigar don daidaita abubuwan gurɓataccen su. Wasu daga cikin masu samar da farashin da ake biya don gurɓata za su haifar da farashi mafi girma ga masu amfani, waɗanda a matsayin 'yan ƙasa suna fuskantar farashi na muhalli na gurɓata. A karkashin tsarin kari da raba, kuɗaden shiga na jama'a da aka tara daga siyar da kudaden gurɓataccen gurɓatacce ana ba da su ga 'yan ƙasa ko masu amfani a matsayin tallafi don haɓaka inganci.<ref name="cap2">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter |title=How cap and dividend works |url=http://www.capanddividend.org/?q=readfirst |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Manufar wannan nau'in haraji shi ne rage yawan fitar da carbon. Wannan yayi gata da tsarin ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci, tare da babban bambanci shi ne cewa 'yan ƙasa suna karɓar biyan kuɗi daga kuɗin haya na gurɓataccen da aka kama a fili, maimakon barin darajar damar gurɓata don zama masu zaman kansu.<ref name="cap3">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter. |date=December 2008 |title=Cap and Dividend, Not Trade: Making Polluters Pay |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cap-and-divident-not-trade |doi=10.1038/scientificamericanearth1208-20 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Biyan rabon kuma na iya tallafawa ƙarin abubuwan da aka tsara don ƙarfafa masu amfani don haɓaka ingancin makamashi, yayin da ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci ba su haɗa kai tsaye da mabukaci ba. Asusun Amincewa da Yanayi mai Lafiya shine hukumar da ke cikin gwamnatin Amurka wacce ke kula da manufofin ƙwanƙwasawa. Za su cika wannan ta hanyar tattara da rarraba kuɗaɗe daga tsarin rufewa.<ref name="cap1"/> == Ma'anar == '''''An ba da ma'anoni masu dacewa game da cap-and-dividend:''''' * '''Cap-and-Dividend:''' Cap-and'dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.[1]<blockquote>Cap-and-dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke Rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.<ref name="cap5">{{Cite journal |last=(ACMWG) |first=Agricultural Cultural Market Working Group |year=2009 |title=Cap-and-Dividend and Agriculture |url=https://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |access-date=2010-11-30 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093254/http://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> Don ma'anoni a kan Cap-and-Trade, duba kasuwancin hayakiKasuwancin fitarwa == Tarihi == Dan kasuwa na Amurka [[Peter Barnes (entrepreneur)|Peter Barnes]] ne ya fara gabatar da ra'ayin a karkashin sunan "Skytrust" a cikin littafinsa na shekarar 2001, Who Owns the Sky?. Barnes ya canza sunan kafin zaben 2008 yayin da ya fara ƙoƙari ya ɗaga bayanin ra'ayin tare da sabon littafi, Climate Solutions: A Citizens Guide da kuma tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDougall |first=J. S. |date=2008-07-22 |title=Reducing Emissions: Cap-and-Say What? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/reducing-emissions-cap-an_b_112677 |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami goyon baya a cikin aikinsa daga kungiyoyi irin su On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap622">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi muhawara sosai game da manufofin tare da [[Joseph J. Romm|Joe Romm]] yana kiranta "ba cikakke ba" kuma mujallar Time ta yaba da ita a matsayin hanyar "Win the War on Global Warming". === Halitta === An fara tunanin ra'ayin ne daga dan kasuwa na Amurka Peter Barnes da irin waɗannan kungiyoyi kamar On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap6">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> lqekspl01jlcp22gwt3e5sj8xmzwnj1 889314 889312 2026-07-30T08:50:33Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cap da dividend''' tsarin ciniki ne na kasuwa wanda ke riƙe da hanyar ƙwanƙwasawa ta asali na ƙwanƙwalwa da kasuwanci, amma kuma ya haɗa da diyya ga masu amfani da makamashi. Wannan diyya shine don daidaita farashin samfuran da kamfanonin da ke haɓaka farashi ga masu amfani sakamakon wannan manufofi.<ref name="cap1">{{Cite journal |last=Boyce |first=James K. |date=August 2009 |title=Cap and Dividend: A State-By-State Analysis |url=http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727185435/http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-27 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne tare da wasu gwamnatoci da ke saita ƙididdigar gurɓataccen gurɓata (misali, don hayakin carbon) da sayar da izinin gurɓata ga jama'a bi da bi. Ana buƙatar masu gurɓata su sayi waɗannan ƙididdigar don daidaita abubuwan gurɓataccen su. Wasu daga cikin masu samar da farashin da ake biya don gurɓata za su haifar da farashi mafi girma ga masu amfani, waɗanda a matsayin 'yan ƙasa suna fuskantar farashi na muhalli na gurɓata. A karkashin tsarin kari da raba, kuɗaden shiga na jama'a da aka tara daga siyar da kudaden gurɓataccen gurɓatacce ana ba da su ga 'yan ƙasa ko masu amfani a matsayin tallafi don haɓaka inganci.<ref name="cap2">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter |title=How cap and dividend works |url=http://www.capanddividend.org/?q=readfirst |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Manufar wannan nau'in haraji shi ne rage yawan fitar da carbon. Wannan yayi gata da tsarin ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci, tare da babban bambanci shi ne cewa 'yan ƙasa suna karɓar biyan kuɗi daga kuɗin haya na gurɓataccen da aka kama a fili, maimakon barin darajar damar gurɓata don zama masu zaman kansu.<ref name="cap3">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter. |date=December 2008 |title=Cap and Dividend, Not Trade: Making Polluters Pay |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cap-and-divident-not-trade |doi=10.1038/scientificamericanearth1208-20 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Biyan rabon kuma na iya tallafawa ƙarin abubuwan da aka tsara don ƙarfafa masu amfani don haɓaka ingancin makamashi, yayin da ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci ba su haɗa kai tsaye da mabukaci ba. Asusun Amincewa da Yanayi mai Lafiya shine hukumar da ke cikin gwamnatin Amurka wacce ke kula da manufofin ƙwanƙwasawa. Za su cika wannan ta hanyar tattara da rarraba kuɗaɗe daga tsarin rufewa.<ref name="cap1"/> == Ma'anar == '''''An ba da ma'anoni masu dacewa game da cap-and-dividend:''''' * '''Cap-and-Dividend:''' Cap-and'dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.[1]<blockquote>Cap-and-dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke Rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.<ref name="cap5">{{Cite journal |last=(ACMWG) |first=Agricultural Cultural Market Working Group |year=2009 |title=Cap-and-Dividend and Agriculture |url=https://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |access-date=2010-11-30 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093254/http://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> Don ma'anoni a kan Cap-and-Trade, duba kasuwancin hayakiKasuwancin fitarwa == Tarihi == Dan kasuwa na Amurka [[Peter Barnes (entrepreneur)|Peter Barnes]] ne ya fara gabatar da ra'ayin a karkashin sunan "Skytrust" a cikin littafinsa na shekarar 2001, Who Owns the Sky?. Barnes ya canza sunan kafin zaben 2008 yayin da ya fara ƙoƙari ya ɗaga bayanin ra'ayin tare da sabon littafi, Climate Solutions: A Citizens Guide da kuma tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDougall |first=J. S. |date=2008-07-22 |title=Reducing Emissions: Cap-and-Say What? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/reducing-emissions-cap-an_b_112677 |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami goyon baya a cikin aikinsa daga kungiyoyi irin su On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap622">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi muhawara sosai game da manufofin tare da [[Joseph J. Romm|Joe Romm]] yana kiranta "ba cikakke ba" kuma mujallar Time ta yaba da ita a matsayin hanyar "Win the War on Global Warming". === Halitta === An fara tunanin ra'ayin ne daga dan kasuwa na Amurka Peter Barnes da irin waɗannan kungiyoyi kamar On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap6">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> t7uzngthi3lgkrktylsjautjpxl9a2k 889315 889314 2026-07-30T08:52:01Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cap da dividend''' tsarin ciniki ne na kasuwa wanda ke riƙe da hanyar ƙwanƙwasawa ta asali na ƙwanƙwalwa da kasuwanci, amma kuma ya haɗa da diyya ga masu amfani da makamashi. Wannan diyya shine don daidaita farashin samfuran da kamfanonin da ke haɓaka farashi ga masu amfani sakamakon wannan manufofi.<ref name="cap1">{{Cite journal |last=Boyce |first=James K. |date=August 2009 |title=Cap and Dividend: A State-By-State Analysis |url=http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727185435/http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-27 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne tare da wasu gwamnatoci da ke saita ƙididdigar gurɓataccen gurɓata (misali, don hayakin carbon) da sayar da izinin gurɓata ga jama'a bi da bi. Ana buƙatar masu gurɓata su sayi waɗannan ƙididdigar don daidaita abubuwan gurɓataccen su. Wasu daga cikin masu samar da farashin da ake biya don gurɓata za su haifar da farashi mafi girma ga masu amfani, waɗanda a matsayin 'yan ƙasa suna fuskantar farashi na muhalli na gurɓata. A karkashin tsarin kari da raba, kuɗaden shiga na jama'a da aka tara daga siyar da kudaden gurɓataccen gurɓatacce ana ba da su ga 'yan ƙasa ko masu amfani a matsayin tallafi don haɓaka inganci.<ref name="cap2">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter |title=How cap and dividend works |url=http://www.capanddividend.org/?q=readfirst |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Manufar wannan nau'in haraji shi ne rage yawan fitar da carbon. Wannan yayi gata da tsarin ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci, tare da babban bambanci shi ne cewa 'yan ƙasa suna karɓar biyan kuɗi daga kuɗin haya na gurɓataccen da aka kama a fili, maimakon barin darajar damar gurɓata don zama masu zaman kansu.<ref name="cap3">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter. |date=December 2008 |title=Cap and Dividend, Not Trade: Making Polluters Pay |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cap-and-divident-not-trade |doi=10.1038/scientificamericanearth1208-20 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Biyan rabon kuma na iya tallafawa ƙarin abubuwan da aka tsara don ƙarfafa masu amfani don haɓaka ingancin makamashi, yayin da ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci ba su haɗa kai tsaye da mabukaci ba. Asusun Amincewa da Yanayi mai Lafiya shine hukumar da ke cikin gwamnatin Amurka wacce ke kula da manufofin ƙwanƙwasawa. Za su cika wannan ta hanyar tattara da rarraba kuɗaɗe daga tsarin rufewa.<ref name="cap1"/> == Ma'anar == '''''An ba da ma'anoni masu dacewa game da cap-and-dividend:''''' * '''Cap-and-Dividend:''' Cap-and'dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.[1]<blockquote>Cap-and-dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke Rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.<ref name="cap5">{{Cite journal |last=(ACMWG) |first=Agricultural Cultural Market Working Group |year=2009 |title=Cap-and-Dividend and Agriculture |url=https://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |access-date=2010-11-30 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093254/http://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> Don ma'anoni a kan Cap-and-Trade, duba kasuwancin hayakiKasuwancin fitarwa == Tarihi == Ɗan kasuwa na Amurka [[Peter Barnes (entrepreneur)|Peter Barnes]] ne ya fara gabatar da ra'ayin a karkashin sunan "Skytrust" a cikin littafinsa na shekarar 2001, Who Owns the Sky?. Barnes ya canza sunan kafin zaben shekarar 2008 yayin da ya fara ƙoƙari ya ɗaga bayanin ra'ayin tare da sabon littafi, Climate Solutions: A Citizens Guide da kuma tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDougall |first=J. S. |date=2008-07-22 |title=Reducing Emissions: Cap-and-Say What? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/reducing-emissions-cap-an_b_112677 |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami goyon baya a cikin aikinsa daga kungiyoyi irin su On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap622">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi muhawara sosai game da manufofin tare da [[Joseph J. Romm|Joe Romm]] yana kiranta "ba cikakke ba" kuma mujallar Time ta yaba da ita a matsayin hanyar "Win the War on Global Warming". === Halitta === An fara tunanin ra'ayin ne daga dan kasuwa na Amurka Peter Barnes da irin waɗannan kungiyoyi kamar On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap6">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> o681owoy0le0jr9nl88thgvtqt628bn 0 109385 889342 834225 2026-07-30T11:54:23Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:President_Biden_speaks_at_Germanna_Community_College_February_10,_2022.jpg|thumb|Shugaba Biden ya inganta shirinsa na Build Back Better a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Germanna, Virginia, a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2022.]] '''The Build Back Better Plan''' ko Build Back Best Agenda wani tsarin doka ne wanda shugaban Amurka [[Joe Biden]] ya gabatar tsakanin 2020 da 2021. Gabaɗaya ana kallon shi a matsayin mai girman gaske da girmansa, ya nemi mafi girman saka hannun jari na jama'a a cikin shirye-shiryen zamantakewa, ababen more rayuwa, da muhalli tun daga shekarun 1930 na manufofin New Deal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Build Back Better Framework |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/build-back-better/ |access-date=2021-11-14 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref> [Ba a buƙatar tushe na farko] Shirin Build Back Better ya kasu kashi uku: # '''Shirin Ceto na Amurka''' ('''ARP'''), dokar taimakon annobar COVID-19. # '''Shirin Ayyuka na Amurka''' ('''AJP'''), wani tsari don magance bukatun ababen more rayuwa da aka yi watsi da su da kuma rage gudummawar Amurka ga tasirin lalacewar [[Canjin yanayi]]; <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2021 |title=Fact Sheet: The American Jobs Plan |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/31/fact-sheet-the-american-jobs-plan/ |access-date=March 31, 2021 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref> # American Families Plan ('''AFP'''), wani tsari na tallafawa shirye-shiryen Manufofin zamantakewa iri-iri, wasu daga cikinsu (misali, [[Hutun iyaye]] da aka biya) ba a taɓa aiwatar da su a cikin ƙasa a Amurka ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-28 |title=Fact Sheet: The American Families Plan |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/28/fact-sheet-the-american-families-plan/ |access-date=2021-04-29 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref> An zartar da sashi na farko a matsayin Dokar Shirin Ceto na Amurka na dala tiriliyan 1.9 na 2021, kuma an sanya hannu a cikin doka a watan Maris na 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Yarmuth |first=John A. |date=2021-03-11 |title=H.R.1319 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226113259/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319 |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |access-date=2021-04-29 |website=Congress.gov}}</ref> Sauran bangarorin biyu an sake su a cikin takardun kudi daban-daban a yayin tattaunawa mai zurfi. An karkatar da bangarorin manufofin ababen more rayuwa na AJP zuwa Dokar Zuba Jari da Ayyuka, wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin doka a watan Nuwamba 2021. Sauran abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci na AJP (misali, gyaran sauyin yanayi, gyaran kiwon lafiya na gida, da dai sauransu) an haɗa su da AFP don samar da Dokar Build Back Better . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill Passes, What Happens Next |url=https://www.investopedia.com/here-s-what-s-in-the-usd1-trillion-infrastructure-bill-passed-by-the-senate-5196817 |access-date=2021-11-14 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref> Kudin ya wuce Majalisar Wakilai mai sarrafa Democrat amma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami goyon bayan Democrat [[Joe Manchin]] na [[West Virginia]] da [[Kyrsten Sinema]] na [[Arizona]] a cikin Majalisar Dattijai da aka raba daidai, tare da adawar Republican. Manchin da Sinema sun tattauna game da rage girman Dokar Build Back Better, girman, da tsada sosai tare da Biden da shugabannin majalisa na Democrat, amma Manchin, wanda aka kalli shi a matsayin babban kuri'un da ake buƙata don zartar da lissafin a Majalisar Dattijai, a ƙarshe ya ƙi shi, yana mai ambaton rikice-rikice da ba a warware su ba game da farashin gajeren lokaci da na kunshin majalisa<ref name="npr.org">{{Cite web |last=Seipel |first=Arnie |last2=Hernandez |first2=Joe |date=December 19, 2021 |title=Joe Manchin says he won't support President Biden's Build Back Better plan |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/12/19/1065636709/joe-manchin-says-he-cannot-support-bidens-build-back-better-plan |access-date=February 15, 2025 |website=NPR}}</ref> Ci gaba da tattaunawa tsakanin Manchin da Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai Chuck Schumer daga ƙarshe ya haifar da Dokar Rage Farashi ta 2022, wanda aka sanya hannu a cikin doka a watan Agusta 2022, kuma ya haɗa da wasu daga cikin Dokar Build Back Better Act's climate change, healthcare, da tax reform proposals yayin da ya cire ta social safety net shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2022 |title=How Democrats plan to overhaul taxes, climate spending, and health care before the midterms |url=https://www.vox.com/23281547/build-back-better-joe-manchin-inflation-reduction-act |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Vox |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihin gaba ɗaya na lokacin da shirin == Kalmar ta fara bayyana kuma an yi amfani da ita a cikin rahoton "Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias: Preliminary Stocktaking of the Reconstruction Effort Six Months After the Earthquake and Tsunami" wanda [[Bankin Duniya]] ya buga a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, kuma an shirya shi tare da hadin gwiwar Ofishin Reconstruction and Rehabilitation for Aceh and Nies (BRR) da kuma al'ummar masu ba da gudummawa na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/295181468285599568/pdf/328930Replacement0aceh16months.pdf |website=The World Bank}}</ref> An sake fasalin rahoton farko kuma an buga shi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 2005 |title=Brief for the Coordination Forum Aceh and Nias (CFAN) |url=https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/Rebuilding%20a%20Better%20Aceh%20and%20Nias%20-%20Stocktaking%20of%20the%20Reconstruction%20Effort.pdf |journal=Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias Stocktaking of the Reconstruction Effort}}</ref> Wakilin Tsunami na Musamman na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], Shugaba [[Bill Clinton]], wanda ya ziyarci Aceh a watan Yunin 2005, Bankin Duniya, BRR da masu ba da gudummawa sun ba shi bayani kuma sun haɗa da kalmar a cikin taƙaitaccen ga Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkinobho a watan Yulin 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TSUNAMI SPECIAL ENVOY BILL CLINTON TELLS ECOSOC MOST CHALLENGING DAYS LAY AHEAD IN RECOVERY, DISASTER PREVENTION, APPLYING LESSONS LEARNED &#124; Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://press.un.org/en/2005/ecosoc6166.doc.htm |website=press.un.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Clinton kuma ta fitar da wani rahoto na musamman a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006 mai taken "Koyarwar da aka koya daga Tsunami Recovery: Muhimman shawarwari don Gina Komawa da Kyau".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=J. Clinton |first=William |date=December 2006 |title=A Report by the UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/files/2054_VL108301.pdf |journal=Propositions for Building Back Better}}</ref> == Manazarta == d8dt6wjzsm2zzngk3eev8p8ffq4x9bs 0 111332 889122 725756 2026-07-29T19:12:04Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yamma, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yamma. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin 1996-1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8tp0tdkrkzr3en68di1p4pz9930gdsx 889133 889122 2026-07-29T19:25:37Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yamma, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yamma. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin 1996-1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hbskxrcrxg0g96gx825uvvv2k7xgzkr 889134 889133 2026-07-29T19:26:36Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yamma, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yamma. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin 1996-1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rrsazhdft2l485vuk1w0k8sk1nmtrfw 889135 889134 2026-07-29T19:27:19Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yamma, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yamma. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] msbf8r1ngnswb4r0mv24n4hrwp51jyb 889136 889135 2026-07-29T19:28:25Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7x2cityx0m9l5uz4e8o4n7o829j02di 889137 889136 2026-07-29T19:30:19Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 zuwa 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eqoq0i005nqzsxwmi0k28en6i1v7b2l 889139 889137 2026-07-29T19:30:56Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 zuwa 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun shekarar 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oonbxb5hfq6h2q2yf67vvjot21f0l17 889140 889139 2026-07-29T19:31:43Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 zuwa 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun shekarar 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shaƙatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0gsyn371gdmk79szbrgokynxh4cuxfu 889141 889140 2026-07-29T19:33:02Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 zuwa 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun shekarar 2012, shi ne Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shaƙatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tqrjw4wi1ebbemmi7ppjmf3hk12ljz7 889142 889141 2026-07-29T19:35:22Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 zuwa 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun shekarar 2012, shi ne Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shaƙatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tafkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a ƙarni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lmm8ptdl6eyg7ev1rb2wmzei70u7ve2 889143 889142 2026-07-29T19:36:50Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 zuwa 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun shekarar 2012, shi ne Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shaƙatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tafkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a ƙarni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin shekarar (1935) an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin shekarar (1936) wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j21py2343ehxfcnxigtc1vyx9r9cn1d 889146 889143 2026-07-29T19:38:14Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 zuwa 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun shekarar 2012, shi ne Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shaƙatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tafkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a ƙarni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin ƙarni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa a Shekara (1700 zuwa 1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin shekarar (1935) an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin shekarar (1936) wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6uy60js9q8v6yp0kyczv4wghv581y24 889163 889146 2026-07-29T20:13:31Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 889163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Petersburg_region.png|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Leningrad Oblast]] [[Fayil:RR5514-0028R_10_рублей_биметалл_2005_Российская_Федерация_Ленинградская_область_реверс.gif|thumb|200x200px|Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005) ]] '''Leningrad Oblast''' (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar ƙasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (ƙidayar shekarar 2021); an samu ĵari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace [[Gatchina]].<ref name="gatchina">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Gatchina officially became the capital of the Leningrad region |url=https://ria.ru/20210324/gatchina-1602672608.html |access-date=27 March 2021 |website=RIA |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan Shekarar 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Finland]] (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yammah, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yammah. Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin shekarar 1996 zuwa 1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun shekarar 2012, shi ne Aleksandr Drozdenko . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Monrepos_0550.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan shaƙatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Приозерск_-_Вуокса_-_парк.jpg|right|thumb|Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk]] [[Fayil:Oredezh_river.jpg|thumb|Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky]] Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tafkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga . Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian. Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tafkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye . Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha. === Tsire-tsire === Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine ''Carex'' (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsi ''Hieracium'' (tare da ''Pilosella''), ''Ranunculus'' (tare da ''Batrachium''), ''Alchemilla'', ''Galium'', ''Potamogeton'', ''Salix'', ''Veronica'', ''Viola'', ''Juncus'', ''Artemisia'', ''Potentilla'', ''Rumes'', ''Festuca'', ''Epilobium'', Poa, ''Trifolium'', ''Campanula'', ''Vicia'', ''Lathyrus'', ''Geranium'' ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, ''Cephalanthera rubra'', ''Cypripedium calceolus'', ''Epipogium aphyllum'', ''Lobelia dortmanna'', Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, ''Pulsatilla pratensis'', ''Pulsatilla vernalis''. === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Вид_на_крепость_и_пришвартованная_ладья.JPG|thumb|Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga]] [[Fayil:Ivangorod_fortress_as_seen_from_top_of_Hermann_Castle.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Ivangorod]] Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a ƙarni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov. A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]] da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar. A cikin ƙarni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye.. A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa a Shekara (1700 zuwa 1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad . Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha. A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate). Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was {{Convert|360400|km2|sqmi}}; more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs ([[Borovichi Okrug|Borovichi]], [[Cherepovets Okrug|Cherepovets]], Leningrad, [[Lodeynoye Pole Okrug|Lodeynoye Pole]], [[Luga Okrug|Luga]], Murmansk, [[Novgorod Okrug|Novgorod]], [[Pskov Okrug|Pskov]], and [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Velikiye Luki]]), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.<ref name="ATSBookLengr" /> [[Fayil:БСЭ1._Ленинградская_область_2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938) ]] A cikin 1929, an canja [[Velikiye Luki Okrug|Yankin Velikiye Luki]] zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin shekarar (1935) an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin shekarar (1936) wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da [[Slutsky District|Gundumar Slutsky]] (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938. A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa".<ref name="matley">{{Cite journal |last=Matley |first=Ian M. |year=1979 |title=The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns |journal=[[Slavic Review]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/2497223 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2497223 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="martin">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=[[The Journal of Modern History]] |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=813–61 |doi=10.1086/235168 |issn=1537-5358 |jstor=10.1086/235168}}</ref> Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.&nbsp;&nbsp; A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish . [[Fayil:Road_of_life._1941_December.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941]] A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta [[Faris|Paris]]. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki. A shekara ta 1953, an soke [[Pavlovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Gundumar Pavlovsky]] ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978. Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta.<ref name="newsline">{{Cite web |date=1996-06-14 |title=Newsline - June 14, 1996 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1141193.html |access-date=2019-05-02 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.<ref name="demokratiztsiya">{{Cite journal |last=Chuman |first=Mizuki |title=The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia |url=http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |journal=Demokratizatsiya |pages=146 |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002915/http://demokratizatsiya.pub/archives/19_2_L7H017206G216817.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Leningrad_Oblast.png|thumb|300x300px|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast]] '''Yawan jama'a''': 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census). {{Historical populations|7=1959|8=1244991|9=1970|10=1435729|11=1979|12=1519165|13=1989|14=1661173|15=2002|16=1669205|17=2010|18=1716868|19=2021|20=2000997}} * Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000) * Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000) Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): <ref name="rosstat">{{Cite web |title=Демографический ежегодник России |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service of Russia]] (Rosstat) |language=ru}}</ref> Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94) &nbsp;&nbsp; '''Rukunin kabilanci (2021) <ref name="census2021">{{Cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]}}</ref>'''   {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kabilu !Yawan jama'a !Kashi |- |Rasha |1,642,897 |93.7% |- |Yukren |12,905 |0.5% |- |Uzbeks |7,797 |0.4% |- |Mutanen Belarus |7,527 |0.4% |- |Tatars |6,805 |0.4% |- |Armenia |6,182 |0.4% |- |Tajiks |4,896 |0.3% |- |Azerbaijan |3,814 |0.2% |- |Kyrgyz |2,004 |0.1% |- |Wasu |58,019 |3.6% |- |Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba |248,151 | - |} Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.{{Clear}} [[Fayil:Lenoblzaks2014.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint Petersburg[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]]] Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Устав Ленинградской области |trans-title=Charter of the Leningrad Oblast |url=http://lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513095218/http://www.lenobl.ru/gov/law/regulations/ustav_LO |archive-date=2011-05-13 |access-date=2011-03-11}}</ref> Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko . Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da: * Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci * bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin . === Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast === A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa, <ref name="list1">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991 |url=http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826183044/http://www.knowbysight.info/1_rsfsr/00344.asp |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=knowbysight.info |language=ru}}</ref> * 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi * 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov * 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe * 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe * 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov * 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov * 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov * 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov * 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov * 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov * 1985-1989 [[Yury Solovyov (politician)|Yury Filippovich Solovyov]] * 1989-1991 [[Boris Gidaspov|Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov]] === Gwamnoni === Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su, <ref name="list2">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Губернаторы Ленинградской области |url=http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/articles_280.html |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=ProTown.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada; * 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi; * 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi; * 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada. == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)). Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg . == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin. === Aikin noma === Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin. [[Fayil:ДТ1-008,_станция_Веймарн.jpg|right|thumb|DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn]] Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), [[Helsinki]] ta hanyar Vyborg, [[Murmansk]] ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, [[Tallinn]] ta hanyar Kingisepp, [[Riga]] ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa [[Veymarn]] da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya. Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. [[A114 highway (Russia)|A114]] yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Трасса А121 "Сортавала" (бывш. А129) на карте |url=https://www.rudorogi.ru/roads/highway/a121.html |access-date=2018-03-20 |website=www.rudorogi.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas. Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja. Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland. Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg . === Makamashi === [[Fayil:Верхнесвирская_ГЭС_(8).JPG|right|thumb|Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.]] Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva. === Kimiyya da fasaha === Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" |url=http://www.pnpi.nw.ru/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=November 6, 2015 |website=pnpi.spb.ru}}</ref> kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki. == Al'adu da nishaɗi == === Gine-gine === [[Fayil:Vyborg_June2012_View_from_Olaf_Tower_06.jpg|right|thumb|Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg]] [[Fayil:Гиморецкий_погост.jpg|right|thumb|Gimreka tare]] Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon [[Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa|Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi]]. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy. Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1tp9v087i95ipgj1fb7v6hgo9id17ja 0 112541 889145 695487 2026-07-29T19:37:24Z Amherst99 12684 /* Latynnyky */ 889145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ==Latynnyky== Latynnyky (Ukrainian: латинники; Yaren mutanen Poland: łacinnicy) [a] kalma ce da al'ummar Ukrainian Yammacin Yukren ke amfani da ita don yin nuni ga al'adun Roman Katolika na Ukrainian a lokacin Jamhuriyar Poland ta biyu.<ref>https://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=10361</ref> ==Manazarta== 1zx4y82v9fr1n7lr5omjxpk4it58xzo 0 113176 889243 734270 2026-07-30T06:39:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paola Andrea Arias Gómez''' masanin kimiyyar yanayi ne kuma farfesa a Makarantar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Antioquia (Colombia). Binciken ta ya haɗa da fannoni daban-daban na canjin yanayi da ƙirar yanayin ruwa a Colombia da Kudancin Amurka. Arias ita ce mace ta farko ta Colombia da aka zaba a matsayin marubuciya don rahoton IPCC, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profesora de la Facultad de Ingeniería, primera mujer colombiana que participará en el informe de la ONU sobre cambio climático |url=https://www.udea.edu.co/wps/portal/udea/web/generales/interna/!ut/p/z0/fZBPT8MwDMW_Cjv0GCV0aIxjVSGkaachoS0XZNx0eCRxlz-Ij49XqQcunJ6t93u2ZW31UdsI33SGQhzBS3-ym_ftU9_edw9m_3LY9abb9N3z4-vbvt22eqft_4BMoMv1ajttkWNxP0UfJ04FfB0cNAby3-6Tg1tqirlQqTjf0pgaaYDBZQUoEggh36gRsPpyMxpD8ewiubTC9QqGeci8VZI8w56yoNyYKfHoMidQS14tYQI1JQpOvFAvLilkz-GDIIoBqRCSCAg_cgpOcawKQQC-Q09Bfoespy97-gVkTjUK/ |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Universidad de Antioquia |language=es}}</ref> tana shiga a matsayin jagorar marubuciya don Kungiyar I ta Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Universidad Nacional de Colombia : Boletín Bitácora - Sede Medellín - La única mujer colombiana del IPCC es egresada de la Sede |url=https://unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co/bitacora/conexion/776-la-unica-mujer-colombiana-del-ipcc-es-egresada-de-la-sede.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IPCC Authors (beta) |url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/report/authors/authors.php?q=35&p=11&p |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=archive.ipcc.ch}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Arias tana da BS a cikin aikin injiniya da MSc a cikin [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|albarkatun ruwa]] daga [[National University of Colombia|Jami'ar Kasa ta Colombia]] . <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Universidad Nacional de Colombia : Boletín Bitácora - Sede Medellín - La única mujer colombiana del IPCC es egresada de la Sede |url=https://unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co/bitacora/conexion/776-la-unica-mujer-colombiana-del-ipcc-es-egresada-de-la-sede.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=unimedios.medellin.unal.edu.co}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008 ta ci gaba da samun MSc na biyu a [[Ilmin duwatsu|kimiyyar ƙasa]] da yanayi daga [[Georgia Tech|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia]], tare da rubutun da ake kira "Changes in cloudiness over tropical land during the last decennies and its link to global climate change".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thesis - Changes in cloudiness over tropical land during the last decades and its link to global climate change |url=https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/26629/Arias_P_A_200812_mast.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=SMARTech - Georgia Tech |archive-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810192912/https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/26629/Arias_P_A_200812_mast.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2011, Arias ya sami digirin digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa daga [[University of Texas at Austin|Jami'ar Texas]] a karkashin jagorancin [[Rong Fu]], tare da rubutun da ake kira "Canjin yanayi a kan yankunan Amurka da Amazonian a cikin shekarun da suka gabata".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thesis - Climate variability over the American monsoon and Amazonian regions during the last decades |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-3791/ARIAS-GOMEZ-DISSERTATION.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=University of Texas Library Repositories}}</ref> Ta shiga sashen geophysics a [[University of Chile|Jami'ar Chile]] a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral don Cibiyar Kwarewa don Bincike kan Yanayi da Resilience, inda Arias ta ci gaba da aikinta a kan tsarin ruwan sama na Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guest panel of experts |url=https://escuela-ids.itm.edu.co/en/air-quality/pages/guest-panel-experts.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=escuela-ids.itm.edu.co |archive-date=2021-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810184739/https://escuela-ids.itm.edu.co/en/air-quality/pages/guest-panel-experts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Arias is a professor at the University of Antioquia and leads the university's Environmental School, where she is also associated to the Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miembros del Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental (GIGA) |url=https://www.udea.edu.co/wps/portal/udea/web/inicio/investigacion/grupos-investigacion/ingenieria-tecnologia/giga/integrantes |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Universidad de Antioquia |language=es |archive-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810201451/https://www.udea.edu.co/wps/portal/udea/web/inicio/investigacion/grupos-investigacion/ingenieria-tecnologia/giga/integrantes |url-status=dead }}</ref> She participated in the TED independent event "TEDxBogotaMujeres",<ref>{{Cite web |title=TEDxBogotaMujeres {{!}} TED |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/41344 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=www.ted.com}}</ref> where she talked about the climate crisis. === Kasancewa memba === * Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta I ta IPCC, <ref name=":0"/> inda ta ba da gudummawa ga babi kan canje-canjen sake zagayowar ruwa na Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citation - Working Group I Sixth Assessment Report |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Citation.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=IPCC}}</ref> * [[Kasuwancin Makamashi da Ruwa na Duniya|GEWEX]] Hydroclimatology Panel (GHP), ƙungiyar da ke aiki don fahimtar bangarorin jiki, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na bambancin yanayin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-13 |title=GHP Panel Members {{!}} GEWEX |url=https://www.gewex.org/panels/gewex-hydroclimatology-panel/ghp-panel/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=GEWEX {{!}} |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-20 |title=GEWEX Hydroclimatology Panel {{!}} GEWEX |url=https://www.gewex.org/panels/gewex-hydroclimatology-panel/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=GEWEX {{!}} |language=en}}</ref> * Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya (WCRP), musamman ƙungiyar "WCRP Lighthouse Activity: My Climate Risk", wanda ke mai da hankali kan kimanta bayanan canjin yanayi da ingantaccen isar da shi a cikin gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WCRP Lighthouse Activity: My Climate Risk - Science Plan Development Team |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/lighthouse-activities/spdt/WCRP%20LHA%20My%20Climate%20Risk%20-%20Science%20Plan%20Development%20Team%20-%20Members.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=WCRP Climate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WCRP Lighthouse Activities |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/lha-overview |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=www.wcrp-climate.org}}</ref> * Shirin Hidrológico Intergubernamental - Grupo de trabajo del PHI-LAC sobre la hidrogeomorfología de la cuenca Andino - Amazónica (Intergovernmental Hydrological Program - PHI- LAC aiki group on the hydrogeomorphology of the Andean-Amazon basin), wanda ke da niyyar bincika bala'o'i da suka shafi ruwa da canje-canjen ruwa, don tallafawa al'ummomi a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Programas y Grupos de Trabajo del PHI Hidrogeomorfología de la Cuenca Andino-Amazónica (HIDRICAA) |url=https://es.unesco.org/sites/default/files/phi-lac_2021_rpxiv_8.3_hidricaa.pdf |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=UNESCO |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-02 |title=HIDRICAA |url=https://es.unesco.org/fieldoffice/montevideo/SeguridadHidricaALC/TemasFaseVIII/HIDRICAALAC |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == === Jaridu === * Rong Fu, Lei Yin, Wenhong Li, '''Paola A. Arias''', Robert E. Dickinson, Lei Huang, Sudip Chakraborty, Katia Fernandes, Brant Liebmann, Rosie Fisher, Ranga B. Myneni. 2013. Ƙara tsawon lokacin bushewa a kudancin Amazon a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata da kuma tasirinsa ga tsinkayen yanayi na gaba ''Ayyukan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa''; 2013: 110 (45): 18110-18115. [[doi:10.1073/pnas.1302584110|[Hotuna a shafi na 103]]] * Germán Poveda, Oscar J. Mesa, Luis F. Salazar, '''Paola A. Arias''', Hernán A. Moreno, Sara C. Vieira, Paula A. Agudelo, Vladimir G. Toro, J. Felipe Alvarez. 2005. Tsarin ruwan sama na rana a cikin Andes na wurare masu zafi na Colombia. ''Binciken Yanayi na Watanni''; 133 (1), 228-240. [[doi:10.1175/MWR-2853.1|[Hotuna a shafi na 10]]] * Germán Poveda, Jaime I. Vélez, Oscar J. Mesa, Adriana Cuartas, Janet Barco, Ricardo I. Mantilla, John F. Mejía, Carlos D. Hoyos, Jorge M. Ramírez, Lina I. Ceballos, Manuel D. Zuluaga, '''Paola A. Arias''', Blanca A Botero, María I Montoya, Juan D. Giraldo, Diana I Quevedo. 2007. Haɗakar da ma'aunin ruwa na dogon lokaci da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don kimanta kwararar kogi tare da hanyar ruwa ta Colombia. Jaridar Injiniyan Ruwa; 12 (1): 4-13. [[doi:10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2007)12:1(4)|doi:10.1061/ (asce) 1084-0699 (2007) 12:1 (4)]] * [Hasiya] An yi amfani da su a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da za a yi amfani da ita a lokacin da ake amfani da ita. 2015. Tushen danshi zuwa lokacin rigar 2010-2012 a arewacin Kudancin Amurka. ''Yanayin yanayi;'' 45: 2861-2884. [[doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2511-7|[Hotuna a shafi na 107]]] === Rahotanni === * Douville, H., K. Raghavan, J. Renwick, R. P. Allan, '''P. A. Arias''', M. Barlow, R. Cerezo-Mota, A. Cherchi, T. Y. Gan, J. Gergis, D. Jiang, A. Khan, W. Pokam Mba, D. Rosenfeld, J. Tierney, O. Zolina. 2021. Canjin Tsarin Ruwa. A cikin: Canjin Yanayi 2021: Tushen Kimiyya na Jiki . Gudummawar Kungiyar Aiki ta I ga Rahoton Bincike na shida na Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. Belek, Matthews, T. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Z. Jami'ar Cambridge Press. * A cikin littafin nan, an yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna "watsauran ra'ayi". An yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna "Sillmann", "Sillman", "Shilmmann", "A. Storelvmo", "A". W. Thorne, B. Trewin, "A. Achuta Rao", "A" Adhikary, R. P. Allan, "A". Armour, G. Bala, R. G. Barimalala, S. Berger, J. G. Canadell, C. Cherchi, Y. H. H. Hew, Y. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. [Hasiya] An yi amfani da kalmar nan "Ragaye ta gaba da kuma" a wannan talifin. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. 2021. Bayani na Fasaha. A cikin: Canjin Yanayi 2021: Tushen Kimiyya na Jiki . Gudummawar Kungiyar Aiki ta I ga Rahoton Bincike na shida na Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J. Belek, Matthews, T. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Z. Jami'ar Cambridge Press == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ln0izwvtqvbcbmpj8dtjn4uwfwmvywd 3 115137 889318 745780 2026-07-30T08:58:44Z Cabayi 8435 Cabayi moved page [[Tattaunawar user:EACh5555]] to [[Tattaunawar user:AstroBeltCafe]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/EACh5555|EACh5555]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/AstroBeltCafe|AstroBeltCafe]]" 707069 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Gisrhgver! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Gisrhgver|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) 39zdrej3o9q94q9ls6nu8gyrrt8btfg 0 115909 889106 719094 2026-07-29T18:19:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ngozi Nma Odu''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1952) ƴar siyasan Najeriya ce wadda ita ce mataimakiyar gwamnan Jihar Rivers . An zabe ta ne a lokacin Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023 tare da gwamnan [[Siminalayi Fubara]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanguard |first=Vanguard News |title=Rivers Fubara, State lawmakers-elect receive Certificates of Return |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/rivers-fubara-state-lawmakers-elect-receive-certificates-of-return/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-30 |title=INEC asks Fubara, others to see their elections as call to service |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inec-asks-fubara-others-to-see-their-elections-as-call-to-service/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> An haife ta ne a dangin Egi a Ogba / Egbema / Ndoni Karamar Hukumar Jihar Rivers . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rivers PDP Chooses Academic Giant Of Orashi Descent As Deputy Gov'ship Candidate |url=https://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/politics/9530-rivers-pdp-chooses-academic-giant-of-orashi-descent-as-deputy-gov-ship-candidate |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=National Network Newspaper |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426191452/https://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/politics/9530-rivers-pdp-chooses-academic-giant-of-orashi-descent-as-deputy-gov-ship-candidate |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Odu a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1952, a yankin Ogba / Egbema / Ndoni na [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Rivers, Najeriya]]. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin microbiology daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Paisley, [[Renfrewshire]], Scotland . <ref>{{Cite web |last=flashpointnews |date=2022-06-22 |title=NGOZI ODU IS RIVERS PDP DEPUTY GOVERNORSHIP CANDIDATE |url=https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=FlashPoint News |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426191452/https://flashpointnews.com/2022/06/22/ngozi-odu-is-rivers-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyya da Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar London (Queen Elizabeth College, 1983). <ref name=":1"/> A shekara ta 1989 ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin microbiology daga [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] wanda ya sanya ta ta ta zama digiri na farko na PhD a wannan sashen.<ref name=":1" /> == Ayyuka == Odu ya tashi ta hanyar matsayi a Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jihar Rivers zuwa mukamin Sakatare na dindindin daga 1999 zuwa 2006. <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Owoyele |first=Tola |date=2023-04-03 |title=6 Female Deputy Governors-Elect Waiting to Be Sworn In |url=https://fij.ng/article/6-female-deputy-governors-elect-waiting-to-be-sworn-in/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Foundation For Investigative Journalism |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekara ta 2006, tsohon gwamnan jihar, Peter Odili ya nada Odu a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi na Jihar Rivers . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martins |first=Jay |date=2022-06-21 |title=PERSONALITY PROFILE OF PROF NGOZI NMA ODU; RIVERS PDP GUBER RUNNING MATE: |url=https://gistonline.ng/2022/06/21/personality-profile-of-prof-ngozi-nma-odu-rivers-pdp-guber-running-mate/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Gist |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426191452/https://gistonline.ng/2022/06/21/personality-profile-of-prof-ngozi-nma-odu-rivers-pdp-guber-running-mate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Odu ya yi aiki a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] a matsayin malami a Sashen Microbiology kuma a matsayin Babban Darakta na farko na Gidauniyar Jami'ar Harcourt. Har ila yau, farfesa ce mai ziyara a [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Jihar Rivers]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-02 |title=Meet Nigeria's 6 female deputy governors-elect |url=https://dailytrust.com/meet-nigerias-6-female-deputy-governors-elect/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2022, reshen Jihar Rivers na Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ya zabi Odu a matsayin mataimakin dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar a Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-01 |title=2023: 10 Female Governorship Candidates, 24 Running Mates Emerge |url=https://leadership.ng/2023-10-female-governorship-candidates-24-running-mates-emerge/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Obe |first=Emmanuel |date=2022-06-27 |title=Rivers People Hail Choice Of Odu As PDP Deputy Governorship Candidate |url=https://nationalpointdaily.com/rivers-people-hail-choice-of-odu-as-pdp-deputy-governorship-candidate/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=National Point Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Kafin zaben ta a matsayin mataimakin gwamna, Odu ta kasance Darakta na Shirye-shiryen Ilimi, Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Pamo, Jihar Rivers.<ref name=":2" /> == Duba kuma == * Zaben gwamna na Jihar Rivers na 2023 * Zaben Najeriya na 2023 == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mufil758ynx006v9epz1moikjleg35p 0 116955 888928 716734 2026-07-29T13:08:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 888928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Addini a [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]]''' ta [[Najeriya]] mafi rinjaye shine [[Musulunci]]. Dokar [[Shari'a]] tana aiki a duk faɗin jihar. Babu wani choci na Roman Katolika da ke da wurin zama a cikin jihar. Jihar [[Zamfara]] ta ayyana dokar Shari'a a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba,'n shekarar1999 a matsayin dokar da za ta rinka tafiyar da jihar. Wannan dokar ya fito ne daga tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara, Ahmed Sani Yerima.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Nigeria on brink of religious strife after Zamfara state officially adopted Saria law. |url=https://www.csw.org.uk/1999/11/01/press/3/article.htm |website=www.csw.org.uk}}</ref> ''Shari'a'' ita ce dokar Musulunci da ta daɗe tana zama cikakkiyar hanyar rayuwa ga Musulmai tsawon ƙarni da dama. Sai dai kuma, ana ganin cewa Najeriya ƙasa ce da ke da daidaitaccen yawan Kiristoci da Musulmai, don haka sanya wannan doka na iya cutar da waɗanda ba Musulmai ba. An kuma duba batun halaccinta duba da cewa ana ganin tana sabawa kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria And Shari'a: Religion And Politics In A West African Nation |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/nigeria-and-sharia-religion-and-politics-west-african-nation}}</ref> == Duba kuma == *Rikici tsakanin addinai a Najeriya (Nigerian sectarian violence) == Manazarta == jrma64f8oamn7deeac0hd7dqagc6v0f 888929 888928 2026-07-29T13:08:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 888929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Addini a [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]]''' ta [[Najeriya]] mafi rinjaye shine [[Musulunci]]. Dokar [[Shari'a]] tana aiki a duk faɗin jihar. Babu wani choci na Roman Katolika da ke da wurin zama a cikin jihar. Jihar [[Zamfara]] ta ayyana dokar Shari'a a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba,'n shekarar1999 a matsayin dokar da za ta rinka tafiyar da jihar. Wannan dokar ya fito ne daga tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara, Ahmed Sani Yerima.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Nigeria on brink of religious strife after Zamfara state officially adopted Saria law. |url=https://www.csw.org.uk/1999/11/01/press/3/article.htm |website=www.csw.org.uk}}</ref> ''Shari'a'' ita ce dokar Musulunci da ta daɗe tana zama cikakkiyar hanyar rayuwa ga Musulmai tsawon ƙarni da dama. Sai dai kuma, ana ganin cewa Najeriya ƙasa ce da ke da daidaitaccen yawan Kiristoci da Musulmai, don haka sanya wannan doka na iya cutar da waɗanda ba Musulmai ba. An kuma duba batun halaccinta duba da cewa ana ganin tana sabawa kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria And Shari'a: Religion And Politics In A West African Nation |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/nigeria-and-sharia-religion-and-politics-west-african-nation}}</ref> == Duba kuma == *Rikici tsakanin addinai a [[Najeriya]] (Nigerian sectarian violence) == Manazarta == enxk2ubical2lqlt5xpow14mmv422o3 888930 888929 2026-07-29T13:09:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 888930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Addini a [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]]''' ta [[Najeriya]] mafi rinjaye shine [[Musulunci]]. Dokar [[Shari'a]] tana aiki a duk faɗin jihar. Babu wani choci na Roman Katolika da ke da wurin zama a cikin jihar. Jihar [[Zamfara]] ta ayyana dokar Shari'a a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba,'n shekarar1999 a matsayin dokar da za ta rinka tafiyar da jihar. Wannan dokar ya fito ne daga tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara, Ahmed Sani Yerima.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Nigeria on brink of religious strife after Zamfara state officially adopted Saria law. |url=https://www.csw.org.uk/1999/11/01/press/3/article.htm |website=www.csw.org.uk}}</ref> ''Shari'a'' ita ce dokar Musulunci da ta daɗe tana zama cikakkiyar hanyar rayuwa ga Musulmai tsawon ƙarni da dama. Sai dai kuma, ana ganin cewa Najeriya ƙasa ce da ke da daidaitaccen yawan Kiristoci da Musulmai, don haka sanya wannan doka na iya cutar da waɗanda ba Musulmai ba. An kuma duba batun halaccinta duba da cewa ana ganin tana sabawa kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria And Shari'a: Religion And Politics In A West African Nation |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/nigeria-and-sharia-religion-and-politics-west-african-nation}}</ref> == Duba kuma == *Rikici tsakanin addinai a [[Najeriya]] (Nigerian sectarian violence) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} m3keowq4bu6jwazq34xr1f03nn3by4p 0 117160 888950 717927 2026-07-29T13:19:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 888950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Novikombank''' bankin Rasha ne wanda ke ƙwarewa wajen ba da kuɗi ga kamfanoni a cikin manyan injuna, mota, fasaha mai zurfi, mai da masana'antar gas. Novikombank tana cikin manyan bankunan Rasha 40. memba na tsarin inshora na ajiya. == Mallaka == A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008 bayan ƙarin fitowar hannun jari, AvtoVAZ OJSC ya shiga hannun jari na bankin, wanda a cikin 2011 ya sayar da kashi 20 cikin 100 ga Kamfanoni na Rostechnologii (tsohon Rostec). A ƙarshen Mayu 2014, Rostec ta sami kashi 23.63% na hannun jarin bankin. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, ya kara hannun jarinsa zuwa kashi 74.23%, kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi don sayen hannun jari daga duk sauran masu hannun jari. Don haka, kamfanin jihar ya tattara 100% na Novikombank.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-28 |title=«Ростех» стал единственным владельцем Новикомбанка |url=https://www.forbes.ru/news/325697-rostekh-stal-edinstvennym-vladeltsem-novikombanka |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Forbes.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, 2016, Shugaban Kwamitin Novikombank shine Elena Georgieva, wanda a baya ya jagoranci Baitulmalin Rostec tun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Председателем правления Новикомбанка назначена Елена Георгиева |url=https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=8777316 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Банки.ру |language=ru}}</ref> == Rukunin rassa da kamfanoni masu alaƙa == Dangane da shawarar Bankin Rasha Board of Directors a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, Novikombank ta shiga cikin gyaran kudi na OJSC FundServiceBank . A watan Satumbar 2021, hukumar tantance bashi ta ACRA ta inganta darajar bashi ta Novikombank zuwa A + (RU) (tsayayyen hangen nesa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Эмитент АО АКБ "НОВИКОМБАНК", JSCB "NOVIKOMBANK" |url=https://www.acra-ratings.ru/ratings/issuers/185/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.acra-ratings.ru}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Novikombank na ɗaya daga cikin bankunan da aka ba da izinin yin aiki a ƙarƙashin umarnin tsaro na jihar. Wanda ya lashe kyautar "Banking Business".<ref>{{Cite web |title="Banking Business prize winner" |url=http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184752/http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> "Mafi yawan fitar da Bankin Rasha" wanda ya lashe kyautar a gasar "Mai fitar da Shekara ta 2014". rfbcqspvzwq6hk4b6tyepp95zm58rp8 888951 888950 2026-07-29T13:20:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 888951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Novikombank''' bankin [[Rasha]] ne wanda ke ƙwarewa wajen ba da kuɗi ga kamfanoni a cikin manyan injuna, mota, fasaha mai zurfi, mai da masana'antar gas. Novikombank tana cikin manyan bankunan Rasha 40. memba na tsarin inshora na ajiya. == Mallaka == A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008 bayan ƙarin fitowar hannun jari, AvtoVAZ OJSC ya shiga hannun jari na bankin, wanda a cikin 2011 ya sayar da kashi 20 cikin 100 ga Kamfanoni na Rostechnologii (tsohon Rostec). A ƙarshen Mayu 2014, Rostec ta sami kashi 23.63% na hannun jarin bankin. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, ya kara hannun jarinsa zuwa kashi 74.23%, kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi don sayen hannun jari daga duk sauran masu hannun jari. Don haka, kamfanin jihar ya tattara 100% na Novikombank.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-28 |title=«Ростех» стал единственным владельцем Новикомбанка |url=https://www.forbes.ru/news/325697-rostekh-stal-edinstvennym-vladeltsem-novikombanka |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Forbes.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, 2016, Shugaban Kwamitin Novikombank shine Elena Georgieva, wanda a baya ya jagoranci Baitulmalin Rostec tun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Председателем правления Новикомбанка назначена Елена Георгиева |url=https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=8777316 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Банки.ру |language=ru}}</ref> == Rukunin rassa da kamfanoni masu alaƙa == Dangane da shawarar Bankin Rasha Board of Directors a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, Novikombank ta shiga cikin gyaran kudi na OJSC FundServiceBank . A watan Satumbar 2021, hukumar tantance bashi ta ACRA ta inganta darajar bashi ta Novikombank zuwa A + (RU) (tsayayyen hangen nesa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Эмитент АО АКБ "НОВИКОМБАНК", JSCB "NOVIKOMBANK" |url=https://www.acra-ratings.ru/ratings/issuers/185/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.acra-ratings.ru}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Novikombank na ɗaya daga cikin bankunan da aka ba da izinin yin aiki a ƙarƙashin umarnin tsaro na jihar. Wanda ya lashe kyautar "Banking Business".<ref>{{Cite web |title="Banking Business prize winner" |url=http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184752/http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> "Mafi yawan fitar da Bankin Rasha" wanda ya lashe kyautar a gasar "Mai fitar da Shekara ta 2014". g53gzdyarv1frq0z6h5ih5aa14ihs2j 888952 888951 2026-07-29T13:20:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 888952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Novikombank''' bankin [[Rasha]] ne wanda ke ƙwarewa wajen ba da kuɗi ga kamfanoni a cikin manyan injuna, mota, fasaha mai zurfi, mai da masana'antar gas. Novikombank tana cikin manyan bankunan [[Rasha]] 40. memba na tsarin inshora na ajiya. == Mallaka == A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008 bayan ƙarin fitowar hannun jari, AvtoVAZ OJSC ya shiga hannun jari na bankin, wanda a cikin 2011 ya sayar da kashi 20 cikin 100 ga Kamfanoni na Rostechnologii (tsohon Rostec). A ƙarshen Mayu 2014, Rostec ta sami kashi 23.63% na hannun jarin bankin. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, ya kara hannun jarinsa zuwa kashi 74.23%, kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi don sayen hannun jari daga duk sauran masu hannun jari. Don haka, kamfanin jihar ya tattara 100% na Novikombank.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-28 |title=«Ростех» стал единственным владельцем Новикомбанка |url=https://www.forbes.ru/news/325697-rostekh-stal-edinstvennym-vladeltsem-novikombanka |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Forbes.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, 2016, Shugaban Kwamitin Novikombank shine Elena Georgieva, wanda a baya ya jagoranci Baitulmalin Rostec tun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Председателем правления Новикомбанка назначена Елена Георгиева |url=https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=8777316 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Банки.ру |language=ru}}</ref> == Rukunin rassa da kamfanoni masu alaƙa == Dangane da shawarar Bankin Rasha Board of Directors a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, Novikombank ta shiga cikin gyaran kudi na OJSC FundServiceBank . A watan Satumbar 2021, hukumar tantance bashi ta ACRA ta inganta darajar bashi ta Novikombank zuwa A + (RU) (tsayayyen hangen nesa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Эмитент АО АКБ "НОВИКОМБАНК", JSCB "NOVIKOMBANK" |url=https://www.acra-ratings.ru/ratings/issuers/185/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.acra-ratings.ru}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Novikombank na ɗaya daga cikin bankunan da aka ba da izinin yin aiki a ƙarƙashin umarnin tsaro na jihar. Wanda ya lashe kyautar "Banking Business".<ref>{{Cite web |title="Banking Business prize winner" |url=http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184752/http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> "Mafi yawan fitar da Bankin Rasha" wanda ya lashe kyautar a gasar "Mai fitar da Shekara ta 2014". swthscazfb1jwh4gt92gcxjn8gjo94h 888953 888952 2026-07-29T13:21:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 888953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Novikombank''' bankin [[Rasha]] ne wanda ke ƙwarewa wajen ba da kuɗi ga kamfanoni a cikin manyan injuna, mota, fasaha mai zurfi, mai da masana'antar gas. Novikombank tana cikin manyan bankunan [[Rasha]] guda 40. memba na tsarin inshora na ajiya. == Mallaka == A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008 bayan ƙarin fitowar hannun jari, AvtoVAZ OJSC ya shiga hannun jari na bankin, wanda a cikin 2011 ya sayar da kashi 20 cikin 100 ga Kamfanoni na Rostechnologii (tsohon Rostec). A ƙarshen Mayu 2014, Rostec ta sami kashi 23.63% na hannun jarin bankin. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, ya kara hannun jarinsa zuwa kashi 74.23%, kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi don sayen hannun jari daga duk sauran masu hannun jari. Don haka, kamfanin jihar ya tattara 100% na Novikombank.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-28 |title=«Ростех» стал единственным владельцем Новикомбанка |url=https://www.forbes.ru/news/325697-rostekh-stal-edinstvennym-vladeltsem-novikombanka |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Forbes.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, 2016, Shugaban Kwamitin Novikombank shine Elena Georgieva, wanda a baya ya jagoranci Baitulmalin Rostec tun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Председателем правления Новикомбанка назначена Елена Георгиева |url=https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=8777316 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Банки.ру |language=ru}}</ref> == Rukunin rassa da kamfanoni masu alaƙa == Dangane da shawarar Bankin Rasha Board of Directors a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, Novikombank ta shiga cikin gyaran kudi na OJSC FundServiceBank . A watan Satumbar 2021, hukumar tantance bashi ta ACRA ta inganta darajar bashi ta Novikombank zuwa A + (RU) (tsayayyen hangen nesa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Эмитент АО АКБ "НОВИКОМБАНК", JSCB "NOVIKOMBANK" |url=https://www.acra-ratings.ru/ratings/issuers/185/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.acra-ratings.ru}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Novikombank na ɗaya daga cikin bankunan da aka ba da izinin yin aiki a ƙarƙashin umarnin tsaro na jihar. Wanda ya lashe kyautar "Banking Business".<ref>{{Cite web |title="Banking Business prize winner" |url=http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184752/http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> "Mafi yawan fitar da Bankin Rasha" wanda ya lashe kyautar a gasar "Mai fitar da Shekara ta 2014". msoe8ih8q0ys9z5i2nok4kyjghlwb3g 888954 888953 2026-07-29T13:21:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 888954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Novikombank''' bankin [[Rasha]] ne wanda ke ƙwarewa wajen ba da kuɗi ga kamfanoni a cikin manyan injuna, mota, fasaha mai zurfi, mai da masana'antar gas. Novikombank tana cikin manyan bankunan [[Rasha]] guda 40. memba na tsarin inshora na ajiya. == Mallaka == A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008 bayan ƙarin fitowar hannun jari, AvtoVAZ OJSC ya shiga hannun jari na bankin, wanda a cikin 2011 ya sayar da kashi 20 cikin 100 ga Kamfanoni na Rostechnologii (tsohon Rostec). A ƙarshen Mayu 2014, Rostec ta sami kashi 23.63% na hannun jarin bankin. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, ya kara hannun jarinsa zuwa kashi 74.23%, kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi don sayen hannun jari daga duk sauran masu hannun jari. Don haka, kamfanin jihar ya tattara 100% na Novikombank.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-28 |title=«Ростех» стал единственным владельцем Новикомбанка |url=https://www.forbes.ru/news/325697-rostekh-stal-edinstvennym-vladeltsem-novikombanka |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Forbes.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, 2016, Shugaban Kwamitin Novikombank shine Elena Georgieva, wanda a baya ya jagoranci Baitulmalin Rostec tun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Председателем правления Новикомбанка назначена Елена Георгиева |url=https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=8777316 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Банки.ру |language=ru}}</ref> == Rukunin rassa da kamfanoni masu alaƙa == Dangane da shawarar Bankin Rasha Board of Directors a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, Novikombank ta shiga cikin gyaran kudi na OJSC FundServiceBank . A watan Satumbar 2021, hukumar tantance bashi ta ACRA ta inganta darajar bashi ta Novikombank zuwa A + (RU) (tsayayyen hangen nesa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Эмитент АО АКБ "НОВИКОМБАНК", JSCB "NOVIKOMBANK" |url=https://www.acra-ratings.ru/ratings/issuers/185/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.acra-ratings.ru}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Novikombank na ɗaya daga cikin bankunan da aka ba da izinin yin aiki a ƙarƙashin umarnin tsaro na jihar. Wanda ya lashe kyautar "Banking Business".<ref>{{Cite web |title="Banking Business prize winner" |url=http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184752/http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> "Mafi yawan fitar da Bankin Rasha" wanda ya lashe kyautar a gasar "Mai fitar da Shekara ta 2014". == Manazarta == 1vuz555u09sdmolahlnb328yp2axeln 888955 888954 2026-07-29T13:21:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 888955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Novikombank''' bankin [[Rasha]] ne wanda ke ƙwarewa wajen ba da kuɗi ga kamfanoni a cikin manyan injuna, mota, fasaha mai zurfi, mai da masana'antar gas. Novikombank tana cikin manyan bankunan [[Rasha]] guda 40. memba na tsarin inshora na ajiya. == Mallaka == A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008 bayan ƙarin fitowar hannun jari, AvtoVAZ OJSC ya shiga hannun jari na bankin, wanda a cikin 2011 ya sayar da kashi 20 cikin 100 ga Kamfanoni na Rostechnologii (tsohon Rostec). A ƙarshen Mayu 2014, Rostec ta sami kashi 23.63% na hannun jarin bankin. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, ya kara hannun jarinsa zuwa kashi 74.23%, kuma a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi don sayen hannun jari daga duk sauran masu hannun jari. Don haka, kamfanin jihar ya tattara 100% na Novikombank.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-28 |title=«Ростех» стал единственным владельцем Новикомбанка |url=https://www.forbes.ru/news/325697-rostekh-stal-edinstvennym-vladeltsem-novikombanka |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Forbes.ru |language=ru}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, 2016, Shugaban Kwamitin Novikombank shine Elena Georgieva, wanda a baya ya jagoranci Baitulmalin Rostec tun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Председателем правления Новикомбанка назначена Елена Георгиева |url=https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=8777316 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Банки.ру |language=ru}}</ref> == Rukunin rassa da kamfanoni masu alaƙa == Dangane da shawarar Bankin Rasha Board of Directors a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, Novikombank ta shiga cikin gyaran kudi na OJSC FundServiceBank . A watan Satumbar 2021, hukumar tantance bashi ta ACRA ta inganta darajar bashi ta Novikombank zuwa A + (RU) (tsayayyen hangen nesa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Эмитент АО АКБ "НОВИКОМБАНК", JSCB "NOVIKOMBANK" |url=https://www.acra-ratings.ru/ratings/issuers/185/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=www.acra-ratings.ru}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Novikombank na ɗaya daga cikin bankunan da aka ba da izinin yin aiki a ƙarƙashin umarnin tsaro na jihar. Wanda ya lashe kyautar "Banking Business".<ref>{{Cite web |title="Banking Business prize winner" |url=http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184752/http://www.novikom.ru/ru/press/publications/index.php?from18=22&id18=660 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016}}</ref> "Mafi yawan fitar da Bankin Rasha" wanda ya lashe kyautar a gasar "Mai fitar da Shekara ta 2014". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4mndiutzch5l7q8revm4t4tugv8a742 0 119400 889032 728685 2026-07-29T15:45:56Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Karin bayani 889032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Darajar Bayani na Abinci''' (DRV) shine sunan tsarin bukatun abinci mai gina jiki da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Burtaniya da Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Turai suka yi amfani da su. == Tarihi == === Gabatarwa a Ƙasar Ingila === A cikin 1991, [[Department of Health|Ma'aikatar Lafiya]] ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ta buga ƙimar Bayani na Abinci da Abinci don Ƙasar Ingila. Wannan ya rubuta ƙimar Bayanan Abinci wanda ya ba da shawarar cin abinci mai gina jiki ga yawan jama'ar Burtaniya. Ana iya raba DRVs zuwa nau'o'i uku:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hauber |first=U |last2=Bruce |first2=A |last3=Neuhäuser-Berthold |first3=M |date=1997 |title=A comparison of dietary reference values for energy of different countries |journal=Z Ernahrungswiss |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=394–402 |doi=10.1007/BF01617835 |pmid=9467239 |s2cid=1232435}}</ref> '''Fadadawa ga Tarayyar Turai''' A shekara ta 2009, Hukumar Tsaron Abinci ta Turai (EFSA) ta fara shawarwari na jama'a don tsara Ƙimar Bayani game da Abinci (DRVs) don manyan sinadarai masu gina jiki. EFSA ta buga ra'ayoyin kimiyya da dama na DRV a watan Maris na 2010.[4] Hukumar Tsaron Abinci ta Turai kuma tana da niyyar faɗaɗa Ƙimar Bayani game da Abinci zuwa matakin EU. EFSA tana ba da shawarwari na kimiyya masu zaman kansu don tallafawa manufofin EU kan amincin abinci da abinci mai gina jiki, kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai sa ido a cikin kasuwar Turai don kafa tushe ɗaya kan buƙatun aminci da abinci mai gina jiki. EFSA ta haɗu a watan Satumba na 2009 da wakilan ƙasashe membobinta don samun ra'ayoyinsu kan mai, carbohydrates, zare da ruwa da kuma Jagororin Abinci na Abinci. EFSA ta nemi tsokaci ta hanyar wannan Tattaunawar Buɗaɗɗiya don tabbatar da zato bayan buƙatun ci. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tj6qsa7ku869e4lsgpozf7l0cisjse9 889035 889032 2026-07-29T15:48:54Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Saka hujja 889035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Darajar Bayani na Abinci''' (DRV) shine sunan tsarin bukatun abinci mai gina jiki da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Burtaniya da Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Turai suka yi amfani da su. == Tarihi == === Gabatarwa a Ƙasar Ingila === A cikin 1991, [[Department of Health|Ma'aikatar Lafiya]] ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ta buga ƙimar Bayani na Abinci da Abinci don Ƙasar Ingila. Wannan ya rubuta ƙimar Bayanan Abinci wanda ya ba da shawarar cin abinci mai gina jiki ga yawan jama'ar Burtaniya. Ana iya raba DRVs zuwa nau'o'i uku:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hauber |first=U |last2=Bruce |first2=A |last3=Neuhäuser-Berthold |first3=M |date=1997 |title=A comparison of dietary reference values for energy of different countries |journal=Z Ernahrungswiss |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=394–402 |doi=10.1007/BF01617835 |pmid=9467239 |s2cid=1232435}}</ref> '''Fadadawa ga Tarayyar Turai''' A shekara ta 2009, Hukumar Tsaron Abinci ta Turai (EFSA) ta fara shawarwari na jama'a don tsara Ƙimar Bayani game da Abinci (DRVs) don manyan sinadarai masu gina jiki. EFSA ta buga ra'ayoyin kimiyya da dama na DRV a watan Maris na 2010. Hukumar Tsaron Abinci ta Turai kuma tana da niyyar faɗaɗa Ƙimar Bayani game da Abinci zuwa matakin EU.<ref>"EFSA launches public consultation on Dietary Reference Values for carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and fat | EFSA". www.efsa.europa.eu. 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2025-12-22.</ref> EFSA tana ba da shawarwari na kimiyya masu zaman kansu don tallafawa manufofin EU kan amincin abinci da abinci mai gina jiki, kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai sa ido a cikin kasuwar Turai don kafa tushe ɗaya kan buƙatun aminci da abinci mai gina jiki. EFSA ta haɗu a watan Satumba na 2009 da wakilan ƙasashe membobinta don samun ra'ayoyinsu kan mai, carbohydrates, zare da ruwa da kuma Jagororin Abinci na Abinci. EFSA ta nemi tsokaci ta hanyar wannan Tattaunawar Buɗaɗɗiya don tabbatar da zato bayan buƙatun ci. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bbndy9g87m53n6zpcpccfktm7gmue8l 0 119730 888917 787141 2026-07-29T13:02:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 888917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Mitchell Grant''' (An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1944) shi ne Babban Farfesa mai daraja, tsohon Regius Farfesa na Injiniya kuma Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh.<ref name="frosts">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Senior Honorary Professorial Fellow: Peter Grant |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/staff/appointments-awards/2009/peter-grant-110809 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004 Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Faraday ta 82 saboda 'babban gudummawar da ya bayar ga sarrafa sigina'.<ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="ssac">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2002 |title=Science Advisory Committee |url=http://www.scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Scottish Science Advisory Council]] |archive-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726070630/http://scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="jcmf">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=About the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |url=https://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/the_foundation.html |access-date=25 July 2024 |publisher=[[James Clerk Maxwell Foundation]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Peter Mitchell Grant a St Andrews kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Strathallan, Perthshire a [[Scotland]] . <ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki da lantarki (BSc Hons) a Jami'ar Heriot Watt sannan kuma don PhD a Jami'an Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt a shekarar 1966 Grant ya kuma yi aiki ga Plessey a Havant a matsayin injiniyan ci gaba a kan ƙirar masu haɗakar mita na dijital da ka'idoji don tsarin sadarwa na rediyo na Clansman.<ref name="edinburgh1">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Prof Peter Grant |url=https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713045420/https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1970 Grant ya koma Glenrothes don yin aiki ga Hughes Microelectronics inda yake da alhakin ci gaban tsarin gane tsabar kudi na lantarki.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Tsakanin 1971 da 1976 ya kasance ɗan bincike a Jami'ar Edinburgh inda ya yi nazarin ƙira da aikace-aikacen raƙuman sauti (SAW) masu daidaitaccen matattarar matattarar a cikin tsarin sadarwa, ya sami PhD a 1975.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga shwkarar 1976 zuwa 1982 Mitchell ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya ci gaba da bincikensa na baya tare da jaddada ƙirar kewayon masu sarrafawa na analogue Fourier don tsayar da sigina, bincike da sarrafawa.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1977 an gayyace shi ya dauki matsayin mataimakin farfesa mai ziyara a Gintzon Laboratory, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], inda ya kula da ƙirar tsarin hotunan sauti na dijital.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Daga 1982 zuwa 1987 ya kasance mai karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan lattice, yanki na mita da toshe tsarin daidaitawa da ba na layi ba don ƙirar masu daidaitawa masu saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwa na rediyo.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1985 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Lincoln Laboratory ta gayyace shi don gudanar da bincike kan radar da sarrafa hoto na gani.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1987 an nada shi Farfesa na Gudanar da Siginar Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya jagoranci ayyukan ƙungiyar bincike na sarrafa Siginar sashen kuma ya bincika ayyukan bincike na gaba ga ƙungiyar a cikin sadarwar hannu, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin masana'antu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga 2002 har zuwa 2008 Farfesa Grant ya kasance Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 2008 ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Rice kuma a shekara ta 2009 ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Princeton . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A duk lokacin da yake aiki Grant ya kasance memba ko shugaban kwamitoci da yawa, musamman Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kimiyya ta Scotland; yana ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Scotland kan batutuwa game da kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name="ssac"/> Grant ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Turai don Sigina, Magana da Gudanar da Hotuna (EURASIP) daga shekarata 2000 zuwa 2002.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya kasance mai kula da dogon lokaci kuma yanzu mai girmamawa na Gidauniyar James Clerk Maxwell . <ref name="jcmf"/> Ya kasance darektan kamfanoni da yawa kuma ya ba da cikakkun takardun shaida na kasa da kasa guda huɗu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Littattafai == Grant yana da littattafai sama da ɗari huɗu da sunansa, ciki har da littattafai huɗu: <ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|2117130878}}</ref> * {{Cite book|author1=Colin N. F. Cowan |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=Peter F. Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSZTAAAAMAAJ |title=Adaptive filters |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1985 |isbn=9780130040374 }} * {{Cite book|author1=Peter M. Grant |author2=Colin F.N. Cowan |author3=B. Mulgrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtjdGAAACAAJ |title=Analogue and Digital Signal Processing |publisher=Chartwell-Bratt |year=1989 |isbn=0862382068}} * {{Cite book |author1=Ian A. Glover |author2=Peter M. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalcommunica0000glov |title=Digital Communications |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1997 |isbn=0135653916 |url-access=registration }} * {{Cite book|author1=Bernard Mulgrew |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=John S. Thompson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYR9QgAACAAJ |title=Digital Signal Processing: Concepts and Applications |publisher=Palgrave |year=1998 |isbn=0333963563}} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki, New York (FIEEE). Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering<ref name="List of Fellows">{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |access-date=2025-11-03 |archive-date=2016-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> (FREng). Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh (FRSE). Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha, tsohon Injiniyoyin Lantarki, London (FIET / FIEE). Fellow na Kwalejin Ilimi Mafi Girma, tsohon Cibiyar Ilimi da Koyarwa (ILTM / FHEA). A shekara ta 2007 ya kasance daya daga cikin masu binciken sarrafa sigina guda huɗu na farko da za a ɗaukaka su zuwa 'EURASIP Fellow', babbar daraja ta Ƙungiyar Turai ta Signal Processing. A cikin shekarar 2009 Queens Birthday Honours an nada shi [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE). A shekara ta 2006 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Review 2006 : People, Honours and Awards |url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413051238/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=www1.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Napier . <ref name="napier">{{Cite web |date=January 2011 |title=List of Honorary Graduates and Fellows |url=https://www.napier.ac.uk/alumni/explore-your-community/honorary-graduates |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Edinburgh Napier University]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1hloxkcr5iz4p0tzup45zpx784edbo8 888918 888917 2026-07-29T13:03:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 888918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Mitchell Grant''' (An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1944) shi ne Babban Farfesa mai daraja, tsohon Regius Farfesa na Injiniya kuma Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh.<ref name="frosts">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Senior Honorary Professorial Fellow: Peter Grant |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/staff/appointments-awards/2009/peter-grant-110809 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004 Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Faraday ta 82 saboda 'babban gudummawar da ya bayar ga sarrafa sigina'.<ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="ssac">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2002 |title=Science Advisory Committee |url=http://www.scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Scottish Science Advisory Council]] |archive-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726070630/http://scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="jcmf">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=About the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |url=https://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/the_foundation.html |access-date=25 July 2024 |publisher=[[James Clerk Maxwell Foundation]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Peter Mitchell Grant a St Andrews kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Strathallan, Perthshire a [[Scotland]] . <ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki da lantarki (BSc Hons) a Jami'ar Heriot Watt sannan kuma don PhD a Jami'an Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt a shekarar 1966 Grant ya kuma yi aiki ga Plessey a Havant a matsayin injiniyan ci gaba a kan ƙirar masu haɗakar mita na dijital da ka'idoji don tsarin sadarwa na rediyo na Clansman.<ref name="edinburgh1">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Prof Peter Grant |url=https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713045420/https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1970 Grant ya koma Glenrothes don yin aiki ga Hughes Microelectronics inda yake da alhakin ci gaban tsarin gane tsabar kudi na lantarki.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Tsakanin 1971 da 1976 ya kasance ɗan bincike a Jami'ar Edinburgh inda ya yi nazarin ƙira da aikace-aikacen raƙuman sauti (SAW) masu daidaitaccen matattarar matattarar a cikin tsarin sadarwa, ya sami PhD a 1975.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga shwkarar 1976 zuwa 1982 Mitchell ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya ci gaba da bincikensa na baya tare da jaddada ƙirar kewayon masu sarrafawa na analogue Fourier don tsayar da sigina, bincike da sarrafawa.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1977 an gayyace shi ya dauki matsayin mataimakin farfesa mai ziyara a Gintzon Laboratory, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], inda ya kula da ƙirar tsarin hotunan sauti na dijital.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Daga 1982 zuwa 1987 ya kasance mai karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan lattice, yanki na mita da toshe tsarin daidaitawa da ba na layi ba don ƙirar masu daidaitawa masu saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwa na rediyo.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1985 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Lincoln Laboratory ta gayyace shi don gudanar da bincike kan radar da sarrafa hoto na gani.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1987 an nada shi Farfesa na Gudanar da Siginar Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya jagoranci ayyukan ƙungiyar bincike na sarrafa Siginar sashen kuma ya bincika ayyukan bincike na gaba ga ƙungiyar a cikin sadarwar hannu, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin masana'antu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga 2002 har zuwa 2008 Farfesa Grant ya kasance Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 2008 ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Rice kuma a shekara ta 2009 ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Princeton . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A duk lokacin da yake aiki Grant ya kasance memba ko shugaban kwamitoci da yawa, musamman Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kimiyya ta Scotland; yana ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Scotland kan batutuwa game da kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name="ssac"/> Grant ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Turai don Sigina, Magana da Gudanar da Hotuna (EURASIP) daga shekarata 2000 zuwa 2002.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya kasance mai kula da dogon lokaci kuma yanzu mai girmamawa na Gidauniyar James Clerk Maxwell . <ref name="jcmf"/> Ya kasance darektan kamfanoni da yawa kuma ya ba da cikakkun takardun shaida na kasa da kasa guda huɗu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Littattafai == Grant yana da littattafai sama da ɗari huɗu da sunansa, ciki har da littattafai huɗu: <ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|2117130878}}</ref> * {{Cite book|author1=Colin N. F. Cowan |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=Peter F. Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSZTAAAAMAAJ |title=Adaptive filters |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1985 |isbn=9780130040374 }} * {{Cite book|author1=Peter M. Grant |author2=Colin F.N. Cowan |author3=B. Mulgrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtjdGAAACAAJ |title=Analogue and Digital Signal Processing |publisher=Chartwell-Bratt |year=1989 |isbn=0862382068}} * {{Cite book |author1=Ian A. Glover |author2=Peter M. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalcommunica0000glov |title=Digital Communications |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1997 |isbn=0135653916 |url-access=registration }} * {{Cite book|author1=Bernard Mulgrew |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=John S. Thompson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYR9QgAACAAJ |title=Digital Signal Processing: Concepts and Applications |publisher=Palgrave |year=1998 |isbn=0333963563}} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki, New York (FIEEE). Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering<ref name="List of Fellows">{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |access-date=2025-11-03 |archive-date=2016-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> (FREng). Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh (FRSE). Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha, tsohon Injiniyoyin Lantarki, London (FIET / FIEE). Fellow na Kwalejin Ilimi Mafi Girma, tsohon Cibiyar Ilimi da Koyarwa (ILTM / FHEA). A shekara ta 2007 ya kasance daya daga cikin masu binciken sarrafa sigina guda huɗu na farko da za a ɗaukaka su zuwa 'EURASIP Fellow', babbar daraja ta Ƙungiyar Turai ta Signal Processing. A cikin shekarar 2009 Queens Birthday Honours an nada shi [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE). A shekara ta 2006 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Review 2006 : People, Honours and Awards |url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413051238/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=www1.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Napier . <ref name="napier">{{Cite web |date=January 2011 |title=List of Honorary Graduates and Fellows |url=https://www.napier.ac.uk/alumni/explore-your-community/honorary-graduates |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Edinburgh Napier University]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r21aecf97bp9cerbxohyzkgb82gdm9l 888919 888918 2026-07-29T13:03:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 888919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Mitchell Grant''' (An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1944) shi ne Babban Farfesa mai daraja, tsohon Regius Farfesa na Injiniya kuma Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh.<ref name="frosts">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Senior Honorary Professorial Fellow: Peter Grant |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/staff/appointments-awards/2009/peter-grant-110809 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004 Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Faraday ta 82 saboda 'babban gudummawar da ya bayar ga sarrafa sigina'.<ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="ssac">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2002 |title=Science Advisory Committee |url=http://www.scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Scottish Science Advisory Council]] |archive-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726070630/http://scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="jcmf">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=About the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |url=https://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/the_foundation.html |access-date=25 July 2024 |publisher=[[James Clerk Maxwell Foundation]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Peter Mitchell Grant a St Andrews kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Strathallan, Perthshire a [[Scotland]] . <ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki da lantarki (BSc Hons) a Jami'ar Heriot Watt sannan kuma don PhD a Jami'an Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt a shekarar 1966 Grant ya kuma yi aiki ga Plessey a Havant a matsayin injiniyan ci gaba a kan ƙirar masu haɗakar mita na dijital da ka'idoji don tsarin sadarwa na rediyo na Clansman.<ref name="edinburgh1">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Prof Peter Grant |url=https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713045420/https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1970 Grant ya koma Glenrothes don yin aiki ga Hughes Microelectronics inda yake da alhakin ci gaban tsarin gane tsabar kudi na lantarki.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Tsakanin 1971 da 1976 ya kasance ɗan bincike a Jami'ar Edinburgh inda ya yi nazarin ƙira da aikace-aikacen raƙuman sauti (SAW) masu daidaitaccen matattarar matattarar a cikin tsarin sadarwa, ya sami PhD a 1975.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga shwkarar 1976 zuwa 1982 Mitchell ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya ci gaba da bincikensa na baya tare da jaddada ƙirar kewayon masu sarrafawa na analogue Fourier don tsayar da sigina, bincike da sarrafawa.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1977 an gayyace shi ya dauki matsayin mataimakin farfesa mai ziyara a Gintzon Laboratory, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], inda ya kula da ƙirar tsarin hotunan sauti na dijital.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Daga 1982 zuwa 1987 ya kasance mai karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan lattice, yanki na mita da toshe tsarin daidaitawa da ba na layi ba don ƙirar masu daidaitawa masu saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwa na rediyo.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1985 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Lincoln Laboratory ta gayyace shi don gudanar da bincike kan radar da sarrafa hoto na gani.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1987 an nada shi Farfesa na Gudanar da Siginar Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya jagoranci ayyukan ƙungiyar bincike na sarrafa Siginar sashen kuma ya bincika ayyukan bincike na gaba ga ƙungiyar a cikin sadarwar hannu, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin masana'antu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga 2002 har zuwa 2008 Farfesa Grant ya kasance Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 2008 ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Rice kuma a shekara ta 2009 ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Princeton A duk lokacin da yake aiki Grant ya kasance memba ko shugaban kwamitoci da yawa, musamman Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kimiyya ta Scotland; yana ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Scotland kan batutuwa game da kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name="ssac"/> Grant ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Turai don Sigina, Magana da Gudanar da Hotuna (EURASIP) daga shekarata 2000 zuwa 2002.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya kasance mai kula da dogon lokaci kuma yanzu mai girmamawa na Gidauniyar James Clerk Maxwell . <ref name="jcmf"/> Ya kasance darektan kamfanoni da yawa kuma ya ba da cikakkun takardun shaida na kasa da kasa guda huɗu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Littattafai == Grant yana da littattafai sama da ɗari huɗu da sunansa, ciki har da littattafai huɗu: <ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|2117130878}}</ref> * {{Cite book|author1=Colin N. F. Cowan |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=Peter F. Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSZTAAAAMAAJ |title=Adaptive filters |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1985 |isbn=9780130040374 }} * {{Cite book|author1=Peter M. Grant |author2=Colin F.N. Cowan |author3=B. Mulgrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtjdGAAACAAJ |title=Analogue and Digital Signal Processing |publisher=Chartwell-Bratt |year=1989 |isbn=0862382068}} * {{Cite book |author1=Ian A. Glover |author2=Peter M. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalcommunica0000glov |title=Digital Communications |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1997 |isbn=0135653916 |url-access=registration }} * {{Cite book|author1=Bernard Mulgrew |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=John S. Thompson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYR9QgAACAAJ |title=Digital Signal Processing: Concepts and Applications |publisher=Palgrave |year=1998 |isbn=0333963563}} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki, New York (FIEEE). Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering<ref name="List of Fellows">{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |access-date=2025-11-03 |archive-date=2016-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> (FREng). Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh (FRSE). Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha, tsohon Injiniyoyin Lantarki, London (FIET / FIEE). Fellow na Kwalejin Ilimi Mafi Girma, tsohon Cibiyar Ilimi da Koyarwa (ILTM / FHEA). A shekara ta 2007 ya kasance daya daga cikin masu binciken sarrafa sigina guda huɗu na farko da za a ɗaukaka su zuwa 'EURASIP Fellow', babbar daraja ta Ƙungiyar Turai ta Signal Processing. A cikin shekarar 2009 Queens Birthday Honours an nada shi [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE). A shekara ta 2006 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Review 2006 : People, Honours and Awards |url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413051238/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=www1.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Napier . <ref name="napier">{{Cite web |date=January 2011 |title=List of Honorary Graduates and Fellows |url=https://www.napier.ac.uk/alumni/explore-your-community/honorary-graduates |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Edinburgh Napier University]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n2lat2qg19qubn8wzgcqgv3cnzeez2r 888920 888919 2026-07-29T13:04:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 888920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Mitchell Grant''' (An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1944) shi ne Babban Farfesa mai daraja, tsohon Regius Farfesa na Injiniya kuma Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh.<ref name="frosts">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Senior Honorary Professorial Fellow: Peter Grant |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/staff/appointments-awards/2009/peter-grant-110809 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004 Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Faraday ta 82 saboda 'babban gudummawar da ya bayar ga sarrafa sigina'.<ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="ssac">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2002 |title=Science Advisory Committee |url=http://www.scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Scottish Science Advisory Council]] |archive-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726070630/http://scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="jcmf">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=About the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |url=https://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/the_foundation.html |access-date=25 July 2024 |publisher=[[James Clerk Maxwell Foundation]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Peter Mitchell Grant a St Andrews kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Strathallan, Perthshire a [[Scotland]] . <ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki da lantarki (BSc Hons) a Jami'ar Heriot Watt sannan kuma don PhD a Jami'an Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt a shekarar 1966 Grant ya kuma yi aiki ga Plessey a Havant a matsayin injiniyan ci gaba a kan ƙirar masu haɗakar mita na dijital da ka'idoji don tsarin sadarwa na rediyo na Clansman.<ref name="edinburgh1">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Prof Peter Grant |url=https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713045420/https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1970 Grant ya koma Glenrothes don yin aiki ga Hughes Microelectronics inda yake da alhakin ci gaban tsarin gane tsabar kudi na lantarki.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Tsakanin 1971 da 1976 ya kasance ɗan bincike a Jami'ar Edinburgh inda ya yi nazarin ƙira da aikace-aikacen raƙuman sauti (SAW) masu daidaitaccen matattarar matattarar a cikin tsarin sadarwa, ya sami PhD a 1975.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga shwkarar 1976 zuwa 1982 Mitchell ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya ci gaba da bincikensa na baya tare da jaddada ƙirar kewayon masu sarrafawa na analogue Fourier don tsayar da sigina, bincike da sarrafawa.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1977 an gayyace shi ya dauki matsayin mataimakin farfesa mai ziyara a Gintzon Laboratory, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], inda ya kula da ƙirar tsarin hotunan sauti na dijital.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Daga 1982 zuwa 1987 ya kasance mai karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan lattice, yanki na mita da toshe tsarin daidaitawa da ba na layi ba don ƙirar masu daidaitawa masu saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwa na rediyo.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1985 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Lincoln Laboratory ta gayyace shi don gudanar da bincike kan radar da sarrafa hoto na gani.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1987 an nada shi Farfesa na Gudanar da Siginar Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya jagoranci ayyukan ƙungiyar bincike na sarrafa Siginar sashen kuma ya bincika ayyukan bincike na gaba ga ƙungiyar a cikin sadarwar hannu, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin masana'antu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga 2002 har zuwa 2008 Farfesa Grant ya kasance Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 2008 ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Rice kuma a shekara ta 2009 ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Princeton A duk lokacin da yake aiki Grant ya kasance memba ko shugaban kwamitoci da yawa, musamman Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kimiyya ta Scotland; yana ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Scotland kan batutuwa game da kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name="ssac"/> Grant ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Turai don Sigina, Magana da Gudanar da Hotuna (EURASIP) daga shekarata 2000 zuwa 2002.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya kasance mai kula da dogon lokaci kuma yanzu mai girmamawa na Gidauniyar James Clerk Maxwell . <ref name="jcmf"/> Ya kasance darektan kamfanoni da yawa kuma ya ba da cikakkun takardun shaida na kasa da kasa guda huɗu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Littattafai == Grant yana da littattafai sama da ɗari huɗu da sunansa, ciki har da littattafai huɗu: <ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|2117130878}}</ref> * {{Cite book|author1=Colin N. F. Cowan |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=Peter F. Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSZTAAAAMAAJ |title=Adaptive filters |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1985 |isbn=9780130040374 }} * {{Cite book|author1=Peter M. Grant |author2=Colin F.N. Cowan |author3=B. Mulgrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtjdGAAACAAJ |title=Analogue and Digital Signal Processing |publisher=Chartwell-Bratt |year=1989 |isbn=0862382068}} * {{Cite book |author1=Ian A. Glover |author2=Peter M. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalcommunica0000glov |title=Digital Communications |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1997 |isbn=0135653916 |url-access=registration }} * {{Cite book|author1=Bernard Mulgrew |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=John S. Thompson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYR9QgAACAAJ |title=Digital Signal Processing: Concepts and Applications |publisher=Palgrave |year=1998 |isbn=0333963563}} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki, New York (FIEEE). Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering<ref name="List of Fellows">{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |access-date=2025-11-03 |archive-date=2016-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> (FREng). Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh (FRSE). Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha, tsohon Injiniyoyin Lantarki, London (FIET / FIEE). Fellow na Kwalejin Ilimi Mafi Girma, tsohon Cibiyar Ilimi da Koyarwa (ILTM / FHEA). A shekara ta 2007 ya kasance daya daga cikin masu binciken sarrafa sigina guda huɗu na farko da za a ɗaukaka su zuwa 'EURASIP Fellow', babbar daraja ta Ƙungiyar Turai ta Signal Processing. A cikin shekarar 2009 Queens Birthday Honours an nada shi [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE). A shekara ta 2006 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Review 2006 : People, Honours and Awards |url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413051238/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=www1.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Napier . <ref name="napier">{{Cite web |date=January 2011 |title=List of Honorary Graduates and Fellows |url=https://www.napier.ac.uk/alumni/explore-your-community/honorary-graduates |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Edinburgh Napier University]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s62vnx13nzezv36o4ckgheu5n04jjzs 888921 888920 2026-07-29T13:04:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 888921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Mitchell Grant''' (An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1944) shi ne Babban Farfesa mai daraja, tsohon Regius Farfesa na Injiniya kuma Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh.<ref name="frosts">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Senior Honorary Professorial Fellow: Peter Grant |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/staff/appointments-awards/2009/peter-grant-110809 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004 Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Faraday ta 82 saboda 'babban gudummawar da ya bayar ga sarrafa sigina'.<ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="ssac">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2002 |title=Science Advisory Committee |url=http://www.scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Scottish Science Advisory Council]] |archive-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726070630/http://scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="jcmf">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=About the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |url=https://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/the_foundation.html |access-date=25 July 2024 |publisher=[[James Clerk Maxwell Foundation]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Peter Mitchell Grant a St Andrews kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Strathallan, Perthshire a [[Scotland]] . <ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki da lantarki (BSc Hons) a Jami'ar Heriot Watt sannan kuma don PhD a Jami'an Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt a shekarar 1966 Grant ya kuma yi aiki ga Plessey a Havant a matsayin injiniyan ci gaba a kan ƙirar masu haɗakar mita na dijital da ka'idoji don tsarin sadarwa na rediyo na Clansman.<ref name="edinburgh1">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Prof Peter Grant |url=https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713045420/https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1970 Grant ya koma Glenrothes don yin aiki ga Hughes Microelectronics inda yake da alhakin ci gaban tsarin gane tsabar kudi na lantarki.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Tsakanin 1971 da 1976 ya kasance ɗan bincike a Jami'ar Edinburgh inda ya yi nazarin ƙira da aikace-aikacen raƙuman sauti (SAW) masu daidaitaccen matattarar matattarar a cikin tsarin sadarwa, ya sami PhD a 1975.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga shwkarar 1976 zuwa 1982 Mitchell ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya ci gaba da bincikensa na baya tare da jaddada ƙirar kewayon masu sarrafawa na analogue Fourier don tsayar da sigina, bincike da sarrafawa.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1977 an gayyace shi ya dauki matsayin mataimakin farfesa mai ziyara a Gintzon Laboratory, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], inda ya kula da ƙirar tsarin hotunan sauti na dijital.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Daga 1982 zuwa 1987 ya kasance mai karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan lattice, yanki na mita da toshe tsarin daidaitawa da ba na layi ba don ƙirar masu daidaitawa masu saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwa na rediyo.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1985 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Lincoln Laboratory ta gayyace shi don gudanar da bincike kan radar da sarrafa hoto na gani.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1987 an nada shi Farfesa na Gudanar da Siginar Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya jagoranci ayyukan ƙungiyar bincike na sarrafa Siginar sashen kuma ya bincika ayyukan bincike na gaba ga ƙungiyar a cikin sadarwar hannu, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin masana'antu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga 2002 har zuwa 2008 Farfesa Grant ya kasance Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 2008 ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Rice kuma a shekara ta 2009 ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Princeton A duk lokacin da yake aiki Grant ya kasance memba ko shugaban kwamitoci da yawa, musamman Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kimiyya ta Scotland; yana ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Scotland kan batutuwa game da kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name="ssac"/> Grant ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Turai don Sigina, Magana da Gudanar da Hotuna (EURASIP) daga shekarata 2000 zuwa 2002.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya kasance mai kula da dogon lokaci kuma yanzu mai girmamawa na Gidauniyar James Clerk Maxwell . <ref name="jcmf"/> Ya kasance darektan kamfanoni da yawa kuma ya ba da cikakkun takardun shaida na kasa da kasa guda huɗu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Littattafai == Grant yana da littattafai sama da ɗari huɗu da sunansa, ciki har da littattafai huɗu: <ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|2117130878}}</ref> * {{Cite book|author1=Colin N. F. Cowan |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=Peter F. Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSZTAAAAMAAJ |title=Adaptive filters |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1985 |isbn=9780130040374 }} * {{Cite book|author1=Peter M. Grant |author2=Colin F.N. Cowan |author3=B. Mulgrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtjdGAAACAAJ |title=Analogue and Digital Signal Processing |publisher=Chartwell-Bratt |year=1989 |isbn=0862382068}} * {{Cite book |author1=Ian A. Glover |author2=Peter M. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalcommunica0000glov |title=Digital Communications |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1997 |isbn=0135653916 |url-access=registration }} * {{Cite book|author1=Bernard Mulgrew |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=John S. Thompson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYR9QgAACAAJ |title=Digital Signal Processing: Concepts and Applications |publisher=Palgrave |year=1998 |isbn=0333963563}} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki, New York (FIEEE). * Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering<ref name="List of Fellows">{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |access-date=2025-11-03 |archive-date=2016-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> (FREng). * Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh (FRSE). * Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha, tsohon Injiniyoyin Lantarki, London (FIET / FIEE). * Fellow na Kwalejin Ilimi Mafi Girma, tsohon Cibiyar Ilimi da Koyarwa (ILTM / FHEA). * A shekara ta 2007 ya kasance daya daga cikin masu binciken sarrafa sigina guda huɗu na farko da za a ɗaukaka su zuwa 'EURASIP Fellow', babbar daraja ta Ƙungiyar Turai ta Signal Processing. * A cikin shekarar 2009 Queens Birthday Honours an nada shi [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE). * A shekara ta 2006 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Review 2006 : People, Honours and Awards |url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413051238/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=www1.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2007 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Napier . <ref name="napier">{{Cite web |date=January 2011 |title=List of Honorary Graduates and Fellows |url=https://www.napier.ac.uk/alumni/explore-your-community/honorary-graduates |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Edinburgh Napier University]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eabzq8krownk6pod04ac9l13mh69m7y 888922 888921 2026-07-29T13:05:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 888922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Mitchell Grant''' (An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1944) shi ne Babban Farfesa mai daraja, tsohon Regius Farfesa na Injiniya kuma Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh.<ref name="frosts">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Senior Honorary Professorial Fellow: Peter Grant |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/staff/appointments-awards/2009/peter-grant-110809 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004 Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Faraday ta 82 saboda 'babban gudummawar da ya bayar ga sarrafa sigina'.<ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="ssac">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2002 |title=Science Advisory Committee |url=http://www.scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Scottish Science Advisory Council]] |archive-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726070630/http://scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="jcmf">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=About the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |url=https://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/the_foundation.html |access-date=25 July 2024 |publisher=[[James Clerk Maxwell Foundation]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Peter Mitchell Grant a St Andrews kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Strathallan, Perthshire a [[Scotland]] . <ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki da lantarki (BSc Hons) a Jami'ar Heriot Watt sannan kuma don PhD a Jami'an Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt a shekarar 1966 Grant ya kuma yi aiki ga Plessey a Havant a matsayin injiniyan ci gaba a kan ƙirar masu haɗakar mita na dijital da ka'idoji don tsarin sadarwa na rediyo na Clansman.<ref name="edinburgh1">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Prof Peter Grant |url=https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713045420/https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1970 Grant ya koma Glenrothes don yin aiki ga Hughes Microelectronics inda yake da alhakin ci gaban tsarin gane tsabar kudi na lantarki.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Tsakanin 1971 da 1976 ya kasance ɗan bincike a Jami'ar Edinburgh inda ya yi nazarin ƙira da aikace-aikacen raƙuman sauti (SAW) masu daidaitaccen matattarar matattarar a cikin tsarin sadarwa, ya sami PhD a 1975.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga shwkarar 1976 zuwa 1982 Mitchell ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya ci gaba da bincikensa na baya tare da jaddada ƙirar kewayon masu sarrafawa na analogue Fourier don tsayar da sigina, bincike da sarrafawa.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1977 an gayyace shi ya dauki matsayin mataimakin farfesa mai ziyara a Gintzon Laboratory, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], inda ya kula da ƙirar tsarin hotunan sauti na dijital.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Daga 1982 zuwa 1987 ya kasance mai karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan lattice, yanki na mita da toshe tsarin daidaitawa da ba na layi ba don ƙirar masu daidaitawa masu saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwa na rediyo.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1985 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Lincoln Laboratory ta gayyace shi don gudanar da bincike kan radar da sarrafa hoto na gani.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1987 an nada shi Farfesa na Gudanar da Siginar Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya jagoranci ayyukan ƙungiyar bincike na sarrafa Siginar sashen kuma ya bincika ayyukan bincike na gaba ga ƙungiyar a cikin sadarwar hannu, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin masana'antu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga 2002 har zuwa 2008 Farfesa Grant ya kasance Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 2008 ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Rice kuma a shekara ta 2009 ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Princeton A duk lokacin da yake aiki Grant ya kasance memba ko shugaban kwamitoci da yawa, musamman Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kimiyya ta Scotland; yana ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Scotland kan batutuwa game da kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name="ssac"/> Grant ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Turai don Sigina, Magana da Gudanar da Hotuna (EURASIP) daga shekarata 2000 zuwa 2002.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya kasance mai kula da dogon lokaci kuma yanzu mai girmamawa na Gidauniyar James Clerk Maxwell . <ref name="jcmf"/> Ya kasance darektan kamfanoni da yawa kuma ya ba da cikakkun takardun shaida na kasa da kasa guda huɗu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Littattafai == Grant yana da littattafai sama da ɗari huɗu da sunansa, ciki har da littattafai huɗu: <ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|2117130878}}</ref> * {{Cite book|author1=Colin N. F. Cowan |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=Peter F. Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSZTAAAAMAAJ |title=Adaptive filters |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1985 |isbn=9780130040374 }} * {{Cite book|author1=Peter M. Grant |author2=Colin F.N. Cowan |author3=B. Mulgrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtjdGAAACAAJ |title=Analogue and Digital Signal Processing |publisher=Chartwell-Bratt |year=1989 |isbn=0862382068}} * {{Cite book |author1=Ian A. Glover |author2=Peter M. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalcommunica0000glov |title=Digital Communications |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1997 |isbn=0135653916 |url-access=registration }} * {{Cite book|author1=Bernard Mulgrew |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=John S. Thompson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYR9QgAACAAJ |title=Digital Signal Processing: Concepts and Applications |publisher=Palgrave |year=1998 |isbn=0333963563}} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki, New York (FIEEE). * Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering<ref name="List of Fellows">{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |access-date=2025-11-03 |archive-date=2016-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> (FREng). * Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh (FRSE). * Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha, tsohon Injiniyoyin Lantarki, London (FIET / FIEE). * Fellow na Kwalejin Ilimi Mafi Girma, tsohon Cibiyar Ilimi da Koyarwa (ILTM / FHEA). * A shekara ta 2007 ya kasance daya daga cikin masu binciken sarrafa sigina guda huɗu na farko da za a ɗaukaka su zuwa 'EURASIP Fellow', babbar daraja ta Ƙungiyar Turai ta Signal Processing. * A cikin shekarar 2009 Queens Birthday Honours an nada shi [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE). * A shekara ta 2006 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Review 2006 : People, Honours and Awards |url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413051238/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=www1.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2007 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Napier . <ref name="napier">{{Cite web |date=January 2011 |title=List of Honorary Graduates and Fellows |url=https://www.napier.ac.uk/alumni/explore-your-community/honorary-graduates |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Edinburgh Napier University]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rdeyqzlmbdindhj276q5i2x5qmj6ljw 888923 888922 2026-07-29T13:06:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 888923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Mitchell Grant''' (An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1944) shi ne Babban Farfesa mai daraja, tsohon Regius Farfesa na Injiniya kuma Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh.<ref name="frosts">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Senior Honorary Professorial Fellow: Peter Grant |url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/staff/appointments-awards/2009/peter-grant-110809 |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004 Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Faraday ta 82 saboda 'babban gudummawar da ya bayar ga sarrafa sigina'.<ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="ssac">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2002 |title=Science Advisory Committee |url=http://www.scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Scottish Science Advisory Council]] |archive-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726070630/http://scottishscience.org.uk/article/science-advisory-committee |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="jcmf">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=About the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation |url=https://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/the_foundation.html |access-date=25 July 2024 |publisher=[[James Clerk Maxwell Foundation]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Peter Mitchell Grant a St Andrews kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Strathallan, Perthshire a [[Scotland]].<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya yi karatun injiniyan lantarki da lantarki (BSc Hons) a Jami'ar Heriot Watt sannan kuma don PhD a Jami'an Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt a shekarar 1966 Grant ya kuma yi aiki ga Plessey a Havant a matsayin injiniyan ci gaba a kan ƙirar masu haɗakar mita na dijital da ka'idoji don tsarin sadarwa na rediyo na Clansman.<ref name="edinburgh1">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Prof Peter Grant |url=https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |access-date=11 July 2015 |publisher=University of Edinburgh |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713045420/https://www.eng.ed.ac.uk/about/people/prof-peter-grant |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1970 Grant ya koma Glenrothes don yin aiki ga Hughes Microelectronics inda yake da alhakin ci gaban tsarin gane tsabar kudi na lantarki.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Tsakanin 1971 da 1976 ya kasance ɗan bincike a Jami'ar Edinburgh inda ya yi nazarin ƙira da aikace-aikacen raƙuman sauti (SAW) masu daidaitaccen matattarar matattarar a cikin tsarin sadarwa, ya sami PhD a 1975.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga shwkarar 1976 zuwa 1982 Mitchell ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya ci gaba da bincikensa na baya tare da jaddada ƙirar kewayon masu sarrafawa na analogue Fourier don tsayar da sigina, bincike da sarrafawa.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1977 an gayyace shi ya dauki matsayin mataimakin farfesa mai ziyara a Gintzon Laboratory, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], inda ya kula da ƙirar tsarin hotunan sauti na dijital.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Daga 1982 zuwa 1987 ya kasance mai karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan lattice, yanki na mita da toshe tsarin daidaitawa da ba na layi ba don ƙirar masu daidaitawa masu saurin daidaitawa don aikace-aikacen sadarwa na rediyo.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1985 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Lincoln Laboratory ta gayyace shi don gudanar da bincike kan radar da sarrafa hoto na gani.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 1987 an nada shi Farfesa na Gudanar da Siginar Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda ya jagoranci ayyukan ƙungiyar bincike na sarrafa Siginar sashen kuma ya bincika ayyukan bincike na gaba ga ƙungiyar a cikin sadarwar hannu, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin masana'antu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> Daga 2002 har zuwa 2008 Farfesa Grant ya kasance Shugaban Makarantar Injiniya da Lantarki a Jami'ar Edinburgh . <ref name="edinburgh1" /> A shekara ta 2008 ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Rice kuma a shekara ta 2009 ya kasance abokin ziyara a Jami'ar Princeton A duk lokacin da yake aiki Grant ya kasance memba ko shugaban kwamitoci da yawa, musamman Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kimiyya ta Scotland; yana ba da shawara ga Gwamnatin Scotland kan batutuwa game da kimiyya, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name="ssac"/> Grant ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Turai don Sigina, Magana da Gudanar da Hotuna (EURASIP) daga shekarata 2000 zuwa 2002.<ref name="edinburgh1"/> Ya kasance mai kula da dogon lokaci kuma yanzu mai girmamawa na Gidauniyar James Clerk Maxwell . <ref name="jcmf"/> Ya kasance darektan kamfanoni da yawa kuma ya ba da cikakkun takardun shaida na kasa da kasa guda huɗu.<ref name="edinburgh1" /> == Littattafai == Grant yana da littattafai sama da ɗari huɗu da sunansa, ciki har da littattafai huɗu: <ref name="edinburgh1"/><ref name="microsoft">{{AcademicSearch|2117130878}}</ref> * {{Cite book|author1=Colin N. F. Cowan |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=Peter F. Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSZTAAAAMAAJ |title=Adaptive filters |publisher=Prentice-Hall |year=1985 |isbn=9780130040374 }} * {{Cite book|author1=Peter M. Grant |author2=Colin F.N. Cowan |author3=B. Mulgrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtjdGAAACAAJ |title=Analogue and Digital Signal Processing |publisher=Chartwell-Bratt |year=1989 |isbn=0862382068}} * {{Cite book |author1=Ian A. Glover |author2=Peter M. Grant |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalcommunica0000glov |title=Digital Communications |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1997 |isbn=0135653916 |url-access=registration }} * {{Cite book|author1=Bernard Mulgrew |author2=Peter M. Grant |author3=John S. Thompson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYR9QgAACAAJ |title=Digital Signal Processing: Concepts and Applications |publisher=Palgrave |year=1998 |isbn=0333963563}} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki, New York (FIEEE). * Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering<ref name="List of Fellows">{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |access-date=2025-11-03 |archive-date=2016-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> (FREng). * Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh (FRSE). * Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha, tsohon Injiniyoyin Lantarki, London (FIET / FIEE). * Fellow na Kwalejin Ilimi Mafi Girma, tsohon Cibiyar Ilimi da Koyarwa (ILTM / FHEA). * A shekara ta 2007 ya kasance daya daga cikin masu binciken sarrafa sigina guda huɗu na farko da za a ɗaukaka su zuwa 'EURASIP Fellow', babbar daraja ta Ƙungiyar Turai ta Signal Processing. * A cikin shekarar 2009 Queens Birthday Honours an nada shi [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE). * A shekara ta 2006 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Review 2006 : People, Honours and Awards |url=http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413051238/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/annual-review/2006/people_awards.html |archive-date=13 April 2016 |access-date=2016-03-30 |website=www1.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2007 an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DEng daga Jami'ar Napier . <ref name="napier">{{Cite web |date=January 2011 |title=List of Honorary Graduates and Fellows |url=https://www.napier.ac.uk/alumni/explore-your-community/honorary-graduates |access-date=11 January 2013 |publisher=[[Edinburgh Napier University]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3n3jpcv5q3rmjvmv5elimw5vcfxjqhu 0 119877 889219 744839 2026-07-30T02:35:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olivier Knox''' ɗan jaridar Faransa ne na Amurka wanda shine babban wakilin [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] na Sirius XM . Baya ga aikinsa a Agence France-Presse da Yahoo News, an fi saninsa da shugabancin White House Correspondents' Association da kuma sake farawa da White House Corresent Dinner a cikin tsarinsa na asali, wanda ya ga kawar da al'adar samun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mai magana da ya dace da kuma rashin shahararrun A-list a taron.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Garrett |date=2019-04-10 |title=White House correspondents' dinner gets a reset |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/438153-white-house-correspondents-dinner-gets-a-reset |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=TheHill |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 April 2019 |title=History in the making for White House Correspondents Dinner |url=https://www.rollcall.com/2019/04/28/history-in-the-making-for-white-house-correspondents-dinner/ |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=Roll Call |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == Ya kammala karatu daga Columbia_College_([[New York (jiha)|New_York]])" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Columbia College ([[New York (jiha)|New York]])">Kwalejin Columbia a 1992 kuma ya sami digiri na biyu daga Makarantar Johns Hopkins ta Nazarin Kasa da Kasa.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Take Five with Olivier Knox '92 |url=https://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/latest/take-five/take-five-olivier-knox-%E2%80%9992 |access-date=May 22, 2020 |website=Columbia College Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Olivier Knox |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/presidential-sites-summit/presidential-sites-summit-speakers/olivier-knox |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=WHHA (en-US) |language=en}}</ref> A Columbia, ya yi karatu tare da masanin kimiyyar siyasa Charles V. Hamilton da masanin Shakespeare James S. Shapiro . <ref name=":12" /> Ya kuma yi karatu a Makarantun Harshen Kwalejin Middlebury, inda ya yi karatun Italiyanci, kuma ya kammala a shekarar 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-12-17 |title=Former White House reporter Olivier Knox speaks on October 7 |url=http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/archive/2009/node/111168 |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=Middlebury |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin editan Ofishin Jakadancin Faransa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Majalisa da [[White House|Fadar White House]] na tsawon shekaru 15, a lokacin da ya rufe tsige [[Bill Clinton]], yakin neman zaben Al Gore, da kuma gwamnatocin [[George W. Bush]] da [[Barack Obama]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olivier Knox {{!}} School of Media & Public Affairs (SMPA) {{!}} The George Washington University |url=https://smpa.gwu.edu/olivier-knox |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=smpa.gwu.edu}}</ref> Ya rufe [[White House|Fadar White House]] ga AFP daga 2000 zuwa 2009, har zuwa lokacin da aka rantsar da [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2012 |title=Yahoo! News' Bombshell Hire: AFP's Olivier Knox |url=https://www.adweek.com/digital/yahoo-news-bombshell-hire-afps-olivier-knox/ |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=www.adweek.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 2012, Yahoo news ta hayar da shi a matsayin wakilin White House na farko kuma daga baya ya zama babban wakilin Washington. Ya kuma dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa na mako-mako a kan P.O.T.U.S. na tsawon shekaru uku a madadin Yahoo News . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2012 |title=Yahoo News hires Olivier Knox as its first White House correspondent |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/cutline/yahoo-news-hires-olivier-knox-first-white-house-114041483.html |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=www.yahoo.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218145156/https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/cutline/yahoo-news-hires-olivier-knox-first-white-house-114041483.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lippman |first=Daniel |date=18 July 2017 |title=BIRTHDAY OF THE DAY: Olivier Knox, chief Washington correspondent for Yahoo News |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/07/18/playbook-birthday-olivier-knox-240658 |access-date=May 22, 2020 |website=Politico}}</ref> A cikin 2018, an nada shi sabon shugaban [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] na SiriusXM . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-05 |title=Olivier Knox named new chief Washington correspondent for SiriusXM |url=https://blog.siriusxm.com/olivier-knox-named-siriusxms-chief-washington-correspondent/ |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=Hear & Now |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya koma tashar P.O.T.U.S. kuma yanzu yana karbar bakuncin shirin tattaunawa na rediyo da ake kira "The Big Picture".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran Journalist Olivier Knox Named SiriusXM's Chief Washington Correspondent |url=http://siriusxm2019cr.q4web.com/investor-overview/press-releases/press-release-details/2018/Veteran-Journalist-Olivier-Knox-Named-SiriusXMs-Chief-Washington-Correspondent/default.aspx |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=siriusxm2019cr.q4web.com |language=en-CA }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An zabe shi shugaban kungiyar White House Correspondents' Association daga 2018 zuwa 2019, inda ya doke Manjo Garrett na CBS News, 121 zuwa 90 kuri'u.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hains |first=Tim |date=April 28, 2019 |title=Head of WH Correspondents' Association Olivier Knox: "Enemy Of The People" Is Not A Punchline |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2019/04/28/head_of_wh_correspondents_association_olivier_knox_enemy_of_the_people_is_not_a_punchline.html |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=www.realclearpolitics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gold |first=Hadas |date=15 July 2016 |title=Olivier Knox elected WHCA president for 2018-2019 |url=https://politi.co/2qUohvf |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin bikin cin Abincin dare na White House na 2019, ya ba da sanarwar kyautar shekara-shekara ta $ 25,000 don mafi kyawun aikin jarida na siyasa da aka mayar da hankali kan lissafi a cikin gwamnatin jihar. A shirye-shiryen abincin dare a wannan shekarar, Knox ya karya al'ada ta hanyar tashi daga yanayin farin ciki da tauraron da ke cikin abincin dare na shekarun da suka gabata kuma ya ba shi sautin da ya fi tsanani tare da gayyatar masanin tarihi da mai ba da labari Ron Chernow, maimakon ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, a matsayin mai magana da aka nuna.<ref name=":0"/> Abincin dare kuma ya ga raguwar halartar shahararrun Hollywood daga shekarun da suka gabata. Knox ya yi maraba da waɗannan canje-canjen, yana cewa yana so ya dawo da taron zuwa asalinsa kuma ya kawar da "farfadowa" na abincin dare.<ref name=":2" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Knox yana zaune a Bethesda, Maryland tare da matarsa, Jennifer Lewis, da ɗansu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2016 |title=An Insider's Guide to the White House Correspondents' Dinner |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/rambling-reporter/2016-white-house-correspondents-dinner-888380 |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan farfesa na Kwalejin Middlebury Edward C. Knox da marigayi Huguette-Laure Knox, dukansu biyu sun koyar a Sashen Faransanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-14 |title=In Memoriam: Huguette-Laure Knox |url=http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/in-memoriam/node/574376 |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=Middlebury |language=en}}</ref> Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Faransanci ce. An haife shi a Vermont, amma ya girma a Faransa da Amurka. == Dubi kuma == * Kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Fadar White House == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rsg5wv0cq7vv7gz867d7mdlm2y9bmx7 0 121038 889109 744666 2026-07-29T18:27:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Niall Nathan Michael Ennis''' ( An haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu a shekarata 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar [[Ingila]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a kungiyar EFL League One ta ƙungiyar Blackpool . Ennis ya fara aikinsa tare da ƙungiyarsa ta Wolverhampton Wanderers, yana ci gaba ta hanyar makarantarsu. Bayan ya yi aro tare da kungiyar Shrewsbury Town, Doncaster Rovers da Burton Albion ya shiga kungiyar League One ta Plymouth Argyle a watan Janairun a shekarar 2021. Ennis ya zira kwallaye 12 a 2022-23 ya taimaka musu samun ci gaba zuwa gasar zakarun Turai. Ya sanya hannu ga Blackburn Rovers a watan Mayu 2023 a kan kwangilar shekaru hudu, duk da haka a watan Fabrairun 2024 ya koma Stoke City. Bayan ya kasa zama na yau da kullun a Stoke, Ennis ya shiga Blackpool, da farko a kan aro kafin ya shiga har abada a watan Yunin a shekarar 2025. == Ayyuka == === Wolverhampton Wanderers === An haife shi a [[Wolverhampton]], Ennis samfurin matashi ne na kulob din Wolverhampton Wanderers wanda ya shiga makarantarsu yana da shekaru bakwai kuma ya halarci Makarantar Thomas Telford . <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Wolves' academy are building stars |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2015/10/08/how-wolves-academy-are-building-stars/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=Express and Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SHROPSHIRE SCHOOLS & COLLEGES PAST PLAYERS CURRENTLY PLAYING PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL WITHIN THE PREMIER AND FOOTBALL LEAGUES |url=https://sscfa.co.uk/home/shropshires-finest-players/current-professional-players/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=SSCFA}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2015 ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar kwararru ta shekaru uku don fara aiki a ranar haihuwarsa ta 17. Ya sha wahala a cikin watan Janairun a 2016 wanda ya hana shi aiki har zuwa lokacin rani. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen Wolves kafin kakar wasa ta 2016-17, ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a kan Cork City da Northampton Town, amma bai yi bayyanar farko ba a lokacin kakar da ta dace bayan ya sake fama da wani rauni a watan Nuwamba a shekarata 2016. A ranar 26 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2017, ya koma kan aro zuwa kungiyar League One ta Shrewsbury Town don kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2017 |title=Niall Ennis: Shrewsbury sign Wolves striker on season loan |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40735441 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko a ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017 a gasar cin Kofin EFL a zagaye na farko a Nottingham Forest a cikin asarar 2-1 sannan ya fara buga wasan sa na farko a kan AFC Wimbledon kwana hudu bayan haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFC Wimbledon 0-1 Shrewsbury Town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40834867 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, an bayyana cewa Ennis ya sha wahala har yanzu na dogon lokaci, a wannan lokacin a gwiwoyinsa, wanda ya sa ya daina aiki na kimanin watanni hudu zuwa shida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2017 |title=Wolves's Niall Ennis in injury setback |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2017/09/05/wolvess-niall-ennis-in-injury-setback/ |access-date=24 November 2025 |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419062028/https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2017/09/05/wolvess-niall-ennis-in-injury-setback/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wolves ne suka tuno da shi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niall Ennis Recalled |url=https://www.shrewsburytown.com/news/2017/december/niall-ennis-recalled |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=Shrewsbury Town |archive-date=17 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517184457/https://www.shrewsburytown.com/news/2017/december/niall-ennis-recalled |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ennis ya fara buga wasan farko na Wolverhampton Wanderers a ranar 5 ga watan Fabrairun 2019 a wasan FA Cup na hudu da ya yi da tsohuwar tawagarsa Shrewsbury, wanda ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin marigayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ennis: I've deserved my debut chance |url=https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/mens-first-team/20190205-ennis-ive-deserved-my-debut-chance/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=Wolverhampton Wanderers}}</ref> === Plymouth Argyle === A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun a shekarar 2021, Ennis ya shiga kungiyar League One ta Plymouth Argyle na dindindin, don kuɗin da ba'a bayyana ba, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da rabi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2021 |title=Niall Ennis Signs |url=https://www.pafc.co.uk/news/2021/january/niall-ennis-signs/ |access-date=18 January 2021 |publisher=[[Plymouth Argyle F.C.|Plymouth Argyle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Niall Ennis: Plymouth Argyle sign Wolves striker on permanent deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55708276 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Argyle a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2021 a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan kungiyar Accrington Stanley . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accrington 0-1 Plymouth: Niall Ennis hits Argyle winner |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/accrington-vs-plymouth/430917 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Kocin Ryan Lowe ya yaba masa a watan Maris na shekarar 2021 saboda tasirin da ya yi tun lokacin da ya shiga kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niall Ennis: 'Outstanding' Plymouth Argyle striker praised by manager Ryan Lowe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56319243 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ennis ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a kan abokan hamayyarsa Bristol Rovers a ranar 20 ga watan Maris a 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plymouth Argyle 2-0 Bristol Rovers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56383317 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye shida a wasanni 24 a shekarar 2020-21 a matsayin Plymouth, ya gama a matsayi na 17, maki shida sama da yankin sakewa. Ennis ya ji rauni a cikin kwatangwalo kafin wasan buɗewa na kakar 2021-22, wanda ya kore shi na watanni huɗu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Errington |first=Chris |title=Striker Niall Ennis 'heartbroken' after late Plymouth Argyle drop out |url=https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/sport/football/striker-niall-ennis-heartbroken-after-5757199 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=Plymouth Herald}}</ref> Ya dawo daga rauni a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niall thrilled to be back |url=https://www.pafc.co.uk/news/niall-thrilled-be-back |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=Plymouth Argyle}}</ref> Ennis zai ci gaba da zira kwallaye hudu a wasanni 28 yayin da Plymouth ya rasa a wani wuri na play-off bayan ya rasa 5-0 ga Milton Keynes Dons a ranar karshe ta kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plymouth Argyle 0-5 Milton Keynes Dons |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61198304 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Shekarar 2022-23 ta zama kakar da ta yi nasara sosai ga Ennis da Plymouth yayin da a karkashin jagorancin Steven Schumacher suka lashe gasar League One tare da maki 101, tare da Ennis ya zira kwallaye 14 a wasanni 45.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steven Schumacher describes Plymouth Argyle's League One points tally as 'unbelievable' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65520229 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Blackburn Rovers === A ranar 26 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2023, an sanar da cewa Ennis ya ki amincewa da sabon kwangila a Plymouth kuma ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru hudu tare da kungiyar Blackburn Rovers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niall Ennis joins Blackburn Rovers after rejecting Plymouth Argyle contract offer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65730082 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2023 |title=Welcome, Niall! |url=https://www.rovers.co.uk/news/2023/may/26/welcome--niall-/ |access-date=27 May 2023 |publisher=Rovers}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a Blackburn a nasarar 4-3 a kan Walsall a Gasar cin kofin EFL a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta 2023. Ennis ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi tasiri sosai a ƙarƙashin Jon Dahl Tomasson a farkon rabin kakar 2023-24 kuma bayan ya kasa zira kwallaye a wasanni goma sha ɗaya an ruwaito cewa Blackburn zai yarda ya bar Ennis ya bar Ewood Park a cikin taga na canja wurin Janairu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blackburn transfer latest: Club reject bid and loan interest |url=https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/sport/24049863.blackburn-transfer-latest-club-reject-bid-loan-interest/ |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=Lancashire Telegraph}}</ref> === Birnin Stoke === Ennis ya shiga gasar zakarun Stoke City a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2024 don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, yana haɗawa da tsohon kocin Plymouth Steven Schumacher . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Potters sign striker Niall Ennis |url=https://www.stokecityfc.com/news/2024/february/01/potters-sign-striker-niall-ennis/ |access-date=1 February 2024 |website=Stoke City}}</ref> Ennis ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Stoke a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2024, a kan tsohuwar tawagarsa Blackburn Rovers a cikin nasara 3-1. Ya buga wasanni 14 a Stoke a 2023-24 yayin da tawagar ta guje wa sakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Pete |title=Pete Smith's Stoke City end of season player ratings for 35-man squad |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-city-season-player-ratings-9272394 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=Stoke Sentinel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Southampton 0-1 Stoke City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68862287 |access-date=17 May 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Blackpool === A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun 2025, Ennis ya koma kungiyar [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]] ta League One a kan aro don sauran kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=Niall Ennis Joins On Loan |url=https://www.blackpoolfc.co.uk/news/2025/january/30/niall-ennis-joins-on-loan/ |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=www.blackpoolfc.co.uk}}</ref> Farawa mai karfi a lokacinsa tare da kulob din, ya zira kwallaye hudu a watan farko, ya gan shi mai suna EFL League One Player of the Month na Fabrairu.<ref name="Feb25 POTM2">{{Cite web |date=7 March 2025 |title=Sky Bet League One: Manager and Player of the Month February Winners |url=https://www.efl.com/news/2025/march/07/sky-bet-league-one--manager-and-player-of-the-month-february-winners/ |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=www.efl.com}}</ref> Ennis ya ƙare rancensa a Bloomfield Road tare da kwallaye bakwai daga wasanni 19 yayin da Seasiders suka gama a matsayi na 9. Ya koma ƙungiyar Blackpool na dindindin a watan Yunin 2025, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seasiders Sign Niall Ennis On Permanent Deal |url=https://www.blackpoolfc.co.uk/news/2025/june/25/seasiders-sign-niall-ennis-on-permanent-deal/ |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=Blackpool FC}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] 0otgs834wstvq6atrqvqtrk8g35bafv 0 123901 889321 812466 2026-07-30T09:16:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulina Jaramillo''' injiniya ce ta [[Colombia-Amurka]] wacce ita ce Farfesa a fannin Injiniya da Manufofin Jama'a a Jami'ar [[Carnegie Mellon]] (CMU). Tana aiki a matsayin Darakta na Cibiyar Green Design. Binciken ta yana mai da hankali kan dorewar tsarin makamashi da [[Canjin yanayi]]. An zaba ta a matsayin [https://www.carnegie.org/awards/award/andrew-carnegie-fellows/ Andrew Carnegie Fellow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516220413/https://www.carnegie.org/awards/award/andrew-carnegie-fellows/ |date=2022-05-16 }} Archived 2022-05-16 a a cikin 2020. Jaramillo ya fito ne daga asalin [[Medellín]], [[Kolombiya|Colombia]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Episode 54: Paulina Jaramillo, Professor, Engineering and Public Policy, & Co-Director, Green Design Institute at Carnegie Mellon University |url=https://www.myclimatejourney.co/episodes/paulina-jaramillo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202901/https://www.myclimatejourney.co/episodes/paulina-jaramillo |archive-date=2021-04-24 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=My Climate Journey |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Paulina Jaramillo - Gender Summit |url=https://gender-summit.com/gs14-speakers-b/1924-dr-paulina-jaramillo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427213524/https://gender-summit.com/gs14-speakers-b/1924-dr-paulina-jaramillo |archive-date=2021-04-27 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=gender-summit.com}}</ref> Ta kasance dalibi a Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Florida, inda ta fi girma a fannin Injiniya da Injiniya na Muhalli.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=DEC Lunch: Dr. Paulina Jaramillo |url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/events/event |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202900/https://news.dartmouth.edu/events/event |archive-date=2021-04-24 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Dartmouth News |language=en}}</ref> Ta kammala karatunta na digiri da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniya da Injiniya a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon, inda ta yi nazarin tsarin rayuwa na kwal da iskar gas don samar da wutar lantarki. == Bincike da aiki == Binciken farko na Jaramillo ya mayar da hankali kan amfani da tsarin kimantawa na rayuwa (LCA) don kimanta tasirin yanayi na samar da kwal da iskar gas a Amurka. A shekara ta 2007, ta wallafa daya daga cikin takardu na farko don lissafin leakage na methane a cikin tasirin yanayin yanayin rayuwa na iskar gas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Paulina Jaramillo - Gender Summit |url=https://gender-summit.com/gs14-speakers-b/1924-dr-paulina-jaramillo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427213524/https://gender-summit.com/gs14-speakers-b/1924-dr-paulina-jaramillo |archive-date=2021-04-27 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=gender-summit.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, Jaramillo ya shiga bangaren koyarwa a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon a matsayin Babban Darakta na aikin RenewElec, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan bincike don fahimtar shingen da dama don haɗa albarkatun sabuntawa masu canji da lokaci-lokaci a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki na Amurka.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=DEC Lunch: Dr. Paulina Jaramillo |url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/events/event |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202900/https://news.dartmouth.edu/events/event |archive-date=2021-04-24 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Dartmouth News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Jaramillo ta lura cewa ta hanyar aikin RenewElec, ta koyi cewa matsalolin fasaha da tattalin arziki da ke aiki da tsarin wutar lantarki na iya zama manyan direbobi na tasirin muhalli na samar da wutar lantarki.<ref name=":1" /> A sakamakon haka, Jaramillo ya fara aiki a kan binciken LCA wanda ke haɗa tsarin tsarin wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin LCA. Yin amfani da wannan tsarin, Jaramillo da ƙungiyar bincikenta sun kimanta tasirin yanayi na motocin lantarki, ikon iska, ajiyar makamashi,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weis |first=Allison |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Paulina |last3=Michalek |first3=Jeremy |date=2014-02-15 |title=Estimating the potential of controlled plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging to reduce operational and capacity expansion costs for electric power systems with high wind penetration |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261913008374 |journal=Applied Energy |language=en |volume=115 |pages=190–204 |bibcode=2014ApEn..115..190W |doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.017 |issn=0306-2619 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> har ma da wutar lantarki ta Amazon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weis |first=Allison |last2=Michalek |first2=Jeremy J. |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Paulina |last4=Lueken |first4=Roger |date=2015-05-05 |title=Emissions and Cost Implications of Controlled Electric Vehicle Charging in the U.S. PJM Interconnection |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |volume=49 |issue=9 |pages=5813–5819 |bibcode=2015EnST...49.5813W |doi=10.1021/es505822f |issn=0013-936X |pmid=25830471}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oates |first=David Luke |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Paulina |date=2013-05-15 |title=Production cost and air emissions impacts of coal cycling in power systems with large-scale wind penetration |journal=Environmental Research Letters |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |bibcode=2013ERL.....8b4022O |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024022 |issn=1748-9326 |s2cid=15323491 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahmani |first=Mohsen |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Paulina |last3=Hug |first3=Gabriela |author-link3=Gabriela Hug |date=2016-08-01 |title=Implications of environmental regulation and coal plant retirements in systems with large scale penetration of wind power |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=95 |pages=196–210 |bibcode=2016EnPol..95..196R |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.015 |issn=0301-4215 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Craig |first=Michael T |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Paulina |last3=Hodge |first3=Bri-Mathias |date=2018-01-01 |title=Carbon dioxide emissions effects of grid-scale electricity storage in a decarbonizing power system |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=014004 |bibcode=2018ERL....13a4004C |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a78 |issn=1748-9326 |s2cid=158551154 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Faria |first=Felipe A M |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Paulina |last3=Sawakuchi |first3=Henrique O |last4=Richey |first4=Jeffrey E |last5=Barros |first5=Nathan |date=2015-12-01 |title=Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from future Amazonian hydroelectric reservoirs |journal=Environmental Research Letters |language=en |volume=10 |issue=12 |bibcode=2015ERL....10l4019D |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124019 |issn=1748-9326 |s2cid=53703263 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Faria |first=Felipe A. M. |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Paulina |date=2017-12-01 |title=The future of power generation in Brazil: An analysis of alternatives to Amazonian hydropower development |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082617300388 |url-status=live |journal=Energy for Sustainable Development |language=en |volume=41 |pages=24–35 |bibcode=2017ESusD..41...24D |doi=10.1016/j.esd.2017.08.001 |issn=0973-0826 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317205241/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082617300388 |archive-date=2022-03-17 |access-date=2022-03-17}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 2019 Kwalejin Kwalejin Injiniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Paulina Jaramillo - Gender Summit |url=https://gender-summit.com/gs14-speakers-b/1924-dr-paulina-jaramillo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427213524/https://gender-summit.com/gs14-speakers-b/1924-dr-paulina-jaramillo |archive-date=2021-04-27 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=gender-summit.com}}</ref> * 2019 Fenves Award for Systems Research <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> * 2020 Andrew Carnegie Fellow <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=York |first=Carnegie Corporation of New |title=Paulina Jaramillo |url=https://www.carnegie.org/awards/honoree/paulina-jaramillo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329142947/https://www.carnegie.org/awards/honoree/paulina-jaramillo/ |archive-date=2021-03-29 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Carnegie Corporation of New York |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] h28nzbjpgrxedgjbj9yjqvsfcvkzsfi 0 124485 888999 853591 2026-07-29T15:18:22Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 888999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nativity''' wani zane ne na [[ƙwai]] wanda Victor ya zana. Wani lokaci ana kiran Victor da Victor na Crete. Victor ya kasance mai himma daga shekarar 1645 zuwa 1696. Ya yi yawo a duk faɗin daular Venetian. Ya zauna a Zakinthos . Wasu daga cikin muhimman ayyukansa ana iya samun su a cocin San Giorgio dei Greci da ke Venice. Shi mai zane ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci a Girka saboda kundin tarihinsa. Ayyukansa na fasaha sun wuce zane-zane casa'in da biyar. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa masu shahara shine sigar ''Christ the Vine''.{{Sfn|Hatzidakis|1987}} <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eugenia Drakopoulou |date=July 28, 2022 |title=Viktor (3) |url=http://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/handle/10442/163979 |access-date=July 28, 2022 |publisher=Institute for Neohellenic Research}}</ref> Ranar Haihuwa tana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman alamomin Kiristanci. Masu zane-zane na Girka da Italiya sun nuna wannan batu sau da yawa tun lokacin da aka fara sabon addinin. Zane-zanen Proto-Renaissance da zane-zanen Cretan suna da halaye iri ɗaya. Masu zane-zanen Girka sun ci gaba da zane a cikin salon gargajiya na Girka da Italiya na Byzantine. Salon ya zama sananne da Maniera greca. Mai sukar fasaha kuma mai zane Giorgio Vasari ne ya ƙirƙira wannan kalmar. Ya rubuta shahararren littafin ''Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects''. Yana ɗaya daga cikin kalmomin farko na Turai bayan-classic don salo a cikin fasaha.{{Sfn|Drandaki|2014}} == Tarihi == Aikin fasaha ya ƙunshi tempera da ganyen zinariya. Yana bin tsarin gargajiya na Girkanci na Byzantine na Italiya. Tsawonsa shine inci 22.3 (56.6) cm) kuma faɗin shine inci 16.1 (40.8) cm). An kammala aikin a wani lokaci a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17, wataƙila a tsibirin Zakynthos. Aikin wani ɓangare ne na Makarantar Marigayi ta Cretan. Victor ya bi layin gargajiya da masu zane-zanen Proto-Renaissance ke amfani da su akai-akai. Masu ziyara da yawa sun fi son salon. [[Madonna]] ta bi salon gargajiya na Girkanci Byzantine wanda ke da halaye iri ɗaya da aikin Duccio. Makiyayi ya ziyarci Yusufu a kusurwar hagu ta ƙasan aikin. Ya damu saboda an haifi ɗansa a cikin sito. Wata budurwa a gefen dama na siffar Yusufu tana wanke Yesu kusa da bokiti cike da ruwa. A tsakiyar aikin, an zana Budurwa Maryamu bisa layin salon gargajiya na Girka da Italiya na Byzantine. Mai zane yana amfani da layuka masu rikitarwa da inuwa don nuna rigarta ta sama a gani. Budurwa ta yi watsi da masu kallo kamar tana cikin damuwa. Sa da [[jaki]] suna gaishe da Ɗan Almasihu. Mala'ika ya umurci ɗaya daga cikin makiyayan da ke baya. A gefen hagu, wani doki na Magi masu arziki suna matsowa don ba da kyauta ga ma'auratan tsarkaka masu damuwa. Mai zane yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar shimfidar wuri mai girma dabam-dabam. Aikin fasaha ya cika da dabbobi da shuke-shuke da kuma yanayi mai kyau na tsaunuka. Wani mai zane na Crete wanda ba a san shi ba a wani lokaci a ƙarni na 16 ya ƙirƙiri irin wannan aiki kuma ya ƙara wani yanayi mai rikitarwa amma ya kiyaye siffofin sama. Aikin Victor kyakkyawan misali ne na fasahar gargajiya ta Girka ta Byzantine ta Italiya da aka haɗa da zanen Venetian.[1] [2] == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160px"> Fayil:Duccio_di_Buoninsegna,_The_Nativity_with_the_Prophets_Isaiah_and_Ezekiel,_1308-1311,_NGA_10.jpg|alt=Duccio's Nativity| Haihuwar [[Duccio]] Fayil:The_Nativity_Story_(K._Tzanes).png|alt=Konstantinos Tzanes's Nativity| Nativity na [[K. Tzane|Konstantinos Tzanes]] Fayil:The_Nativity.png|alt=Unknown Painter Nativity (16th century)| Ranar haihuwar Mai Zane Ba a San Ko Wanene Ba (ƙarni na 16) Fayil:Michael_Damaskenos_Adoration_of_the_Kings.png|alt=Adoration of the Kings (Damaskinos)| Yabon Sarakuna (Damaskinos) </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7zgqd8j7rdyosqlgglk166ojckqzfhn 0 124883 889104 816843 2026-07-29T18:11:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Yankin Ndola ta Gola (NGADA) ''' yanki ne na ci gaba da ke cikin [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]], [[Najeriya]] . NGADA yanki ne da ya mamaye ƙananan hukumomi biyar, wato Bali, Donga, Gashaka, Kurmi da Sardauna. Waɗannan yankuna na da yawan jama’a sama da 34,000, kamar yadda ƙidayar da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Yankin Ndola na Gola ta gudanar a shekarar 2011 ta nuna. An kafa NGADA ne domin haɗa al’ummar Ndola da ke zaune a waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi biyar, domin su haɗa ƙarfi wajen bunƙasa ci gaban yankinsu. Joseph Nagombe Titus ne ya kafa ƙungiyar, ta hannun ayyukan Mambila Baptist Convention, a watan Janairun 2016.<ref>{{cite web |author=Masara Kim |date=2017-03-10 |title=Taraba’s First Lady and the Lost but Found People. |url=http://lightbearer.com.ng/tarabas-first-lady-and-the-lost-but-found-people/ |access-date=2017-05-06 |publisher=Lightbearer |archive-date=2017-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604185921/http://lightbearer.com.ng/tarabas-first-lady-and-the-lost-but-found-people/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Taraba State Govt |date=2016-09-21 |title=Gov. Ishaku Assents to the Creation of NGADA Dev. Area |url=http://tarabastate.gov.ng/gov-ishaku-assents-to-the-creation-of-ngada-dev-area |access-date=2016-12-24 |publisher=Taraba State Govt. |archive-date=2019-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316000044/http://tarabastate.gov.ng/gov-ishaku-assents-to-the-creation-of-ngada-dev-area/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hope afresh foundation |date=2016-09-29 |title=Hope Afresh Foundation, Taraba : The Unparalleled Feat |url=http://taravoices.com/2016/09/29/hope-afresh-foundation-taraba |access-date=2016-12-24 |publisher=Taravoices. |archive-date=2016-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019153544/http://taravoices.com/2016/09/29/hope-afresh-foundation-taraba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == NGADA gajeriyar kalma ce da ke nufin Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Yankin Ndola na Gola. Mai zanen gine-gine, Darius Dickson Ishaku, ne ya ƙirƙiri wannan ƙungiya a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2016. Ƙungiyar ta samo asali ne daga ayyukan Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Yankin Ndola na Gola, wadda Titus ke jagoranta a matsayin ƙungiya ta haɗin kai. Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce haɗa kabilar Ndola da ke watse a ƙananan hukumomi biyar na Jihar Taraba, tare da mayar da hankali musamman kan bunƙasa harkokinsu. An cimma wannan buri ne lokacin da Gwamnan Jihar Taraba ya miƙa kudirin doka domin kafa Yankin Ci Gaba na Musamman na NGADA zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Taraba.<ref>{{cite web |author=Masara Kim |date=2017-03-10 |title=Taraba’s First Lady and the Lost but Found People. |url=http://lightbearer.com.ng/tarabas-first-lady-and-the-lost-but-found-people/ |access-date=2017-05-06 |publisher=Lightbearer |archive-date=2017-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604185921/http://lightbearer.com.ng/tarabas-first-lady-and-the-lost-but-found-people/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawancin ƙauyuka 116 da ke ƙarƙashin wannan yankin ci gaba suna cikin wuraren tsaunuka. Tafiye-tafiye a yankin na da matuƙar wahala sakamakon ƙarancin hanyoyi. Anna Dickson Darius, matar Gwamnan Jihar Taraba, ita ce ta fara gano waɗannan al’umma.<ref>{{cite web |author=Masara Kim |date=2017-03-10 |title=Taraba’s First Lady and the Lost but Found People. |url=http://lightbearer.com.ng/tarabas-first-lady-and-the-lost-but-found-people/ |access-date=2017-05-06 |publisher=Lightbearer |archive-date=2017-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604185921/http://lightbearer.com.ng/tarabas-first-lady-and-the-lost-but-found-people/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Taraba]] 7fu54ccybhhl65ywcase8i6rdaj1ghh 0 125234 889291 753666 2026-07-30T07:48:31Z BnHamid 12586 889291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rodney James Alcala''' (an haife shi '''Rodrigo Jacques Alcala'''; 23 ga Agusta, 1943 - 24 ga Yuli, 2021), wanda aka fi sani da '''John Berger''' da '''John Burger''', ɗan Amurka ne Mai kisan gilla kuma Mai aikata laifuka na jima'i wanda [[California]]" id="mwFw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Capital punishment in California">An yanke masa hukuncin kisa a California saboda kisan kai biyar da aka aikata tsakanin 1977 da 1979. Ya yarda da laifi kuma ya sami hukuncin shekaru ashirin da biyar zuwa rai saboda wasu kisan kai biyu da aka aikata a [[New York (jiha)|Jihar New York]]. An kuma gurfanar da shi da kisan kai daya a [[Wyoming]], kodayake an sauke tuhumar da aka shigar a can. Duk da yake Alcala an haɗa shi da kisan kai tara, adadin gaskiya na wadanda abin ya shafa ba a sani ba kuma yana iya zama har zuwa 130. Alcala ta tattara tarin hotuna sama da 1,000 na mata, 'yan mata da maza, da yawa a cikin jima'i. A shekara ta 2016 an tuhume shi da kisan gillar wata mace da aka gano a daya daga cikin hotunansa a shekarar 1977. An san Alcala da kai hari kan wani hoton hoto kuma 'yan sanda sun yi hasashen cewa wasu na iya zama wadanda aka yi wa [[fyade]] ko wadanda aka kashe.<ref name="people">{{Cite magazine|url-status=86–90}}</ref> Masu gabatar da kara sun ce Alcala "ya yi wasa" da wadanda ya kashe, ya maƙurewa su har sai sun rasa hankali sannan suka jira har sai sun farfado, wani lokacin suna maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa kafin a ƙarshe su kashe su.<ref name="people">{{Cite magazine|url-status=86–90}}<cite class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTresniowskiBreuer2010">Tresniowski, Alex; Breuer, Howard (April 19, 2010). </cite></ref> Wani jami'in 'yan sanda ya bayyana Alcala a matsayin "na'urar kisan kai," kuma wasu sun kwatanta shi da [[Ted Bundy]]. Sau da yawa ana kiransa Killer na Wasan Wasan Watan, yayin da ya bayyana a matsayin mai hamayya a cikin shirin talabijin na The Dating Game a 1978, a lokacin kisan kai. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Rodney Alcala a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, 1943, a [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]], ta uku cikin yara hudu da aka haifa ga ma'aurata na Amurka, Raul Alcala Buquor da Anna Maria Gutierrez. <ref name="files.usgwarchives.net">{{Cite web |title=Vital Records – Bexar County, TX – Births 1943 (Names: Aagesen – Bermudes) |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/bexar/vitals/births/1943/bexab43a.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922194204/http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/bexar/vitals/births/1943/bexab43a.txt |archive-date=September 22, 2009 |access-date=April 12, 2010}}</ref> Mahaifin Alcala ya ƙaura da iyalin zuwa Mexico a 1951, sannan ya watsar da su bayan shekaru uku. A shekara ta 1961, yana da shekaru 17, Alcala ya shiga Sojojin Amurka don ya zama paratrooper kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda. A lokacin hidimarsa, an san Alcala da yin magudi, mai ramawa da rashin biyayya, kuma an horar da shi a lokuta da yawa don kai hari ga mata matasa. A shekara ta 1964, bayan abin da aka bayyana a matsayin ciwo mai tsanani - a lokacin da ya tafi AWOL kuma ya tashi daga Fort Bragg a [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] zuwa gidan mahaifiyarsa a California - An gano Alcala da rikicewar halin mutum <ref>{{cite news |last=Thompson |first=Donald |date=July 24, 2021 |title=Imprisoned 'Dating Game Killer' Alcala dies in California |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-d9320a59e7987f11889e92cd63015780 |access-date=November 10, 2024 |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> kuma an kiyasta yana da IQ na 135 daga likitan kwakwalwa na soja. Daga baya aka sallame shi daga Sojoji saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya.<ref name="fine art">{{Cite web |last=Pelisek |first=Christine |date=January 21, 2010 |title=Rodney Alcala: The Fine Art of Killing |url=https://www.laweekly.com/rodney-alcala-the-fine-art-of-killing/ |access-date=March 19, 2010}}</ref> Sauran binciken da masana ilimin halayyar dan adam daban-daban suka gabatar a gwajinsa sun hada da: narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorders da malignant narcissism tare da psychopathy da jima'i sadism comorbidities. After being discharged from the Army, Alcala graduated from the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture. It was later claimed that he studied film under Roman Polanski at New York University (NYU).<ref name="people">{{Cite magazine|url-status=86–90}}<cite class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTresniowskiBreuer2010">Tresniowski, Alex; Breuer, Howard (April 19, 2010). </cite></ref> but this is not true and he never met Polanski during his time at NYU.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Tarihin aikata laifuka == === Harin Shapiro === A ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1968, wani direban mota mai suna Donald Haines ya kira 'yan sanda bayan ya shaida Alcala yaudarar Tali Shapiro, mai shekaru takwas, zuwa gidansa na Hollywood. Shapiro, wacce ke zaune a Chateau Marmont tare da iyalinta, Alcala ta kusanci ta a kan hanyar zuwa makaranta lokacin da ya tsaya kusa da ita a cikin motarsa kuma ya tambaye ta idan tana bukatar tafiya. Shapiro da farko ya ki, amma lokacin da ta ji shi yana cewa ya san iyayenta, sai ta shiga motarsa. Daga nan sai Alcala ya kai ta gidansa, inda ya gaya wa Shapiro cewa yana so ya nuna mata hoto. Lokacin da 'yan sanda suka isa, an sami Shapiro da rai a cikin wani tafki na jininsa, bayan an yi mata fyade kuma an yi mata duka da sandar ƙarfe; Alcala ta gudu. Shapiro ya kasance a cikin coma na kwanaki 32, kuma ya kwashe watanni a cikin warkewa. === Kisan kiyashi === Don kauce wa takardar izinin kamawa wanda ya samo asali daga harin Shapiro, Alcala ta bar California kuma ta shiga NYU, ta amfani da sunan "John Berger". [1] Cornelia Crilley, mai kula da Jirgin Sama na Trans World Airlines mai shekaru 23, an same ta da fyade kuma an kashe ta a cikin gidanta na Manhattan a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1971. Alcala ta maƙure ta da takalmin nailan nata, ta bar ta mutu a gidanta a 427 East 83rd Street.[2] An yi imanin cewa Crilley ta sadu da Alcala yayin da ta koma sabon gidanta kuma ta yarda da taimakonsa wajen motsa wasu kayan aiki. Kisan ta ya kasance ba a warware shi ba har zuwa shekara ta 2011.[3] === Bayyanawa, kamawa, da kuma yanke hukunci === [[Fayil:Alcala-FBI-Wanted1971.png|thumb|Hoton [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]] da aka bayar don Alcala {{Circa}} 1971]] A shekara ta 1971, Alcala ta sami aiki a sansanin zane-zane na [[New Hampshire]] (Camp New Beginnings a ƙauyen Georges Mills a Lake Sunapee <ref>{{cite news |last=Thompson |first=Donald |date=July 24, 2021 |title=Imprisoned 'Dating Game Killer' Alcala dies in California |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-d9320a59e7987f11889e92cd63015780 |access-date=November 10, 2024 |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>) a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga yara ta amfani da sunan da ya bambanta, "John Burger. " [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]] ta kara Alcala zuwa jerin sunayen Goma da aka fi so a farkon shekara ta 1971. <ref name="fine art">{{Cite web |last=Pelisek |first=Christine |date=January 21, 2010 |title=Rodney Alcala: The Fine Art of Killing |url=https://www.laweekly.com/rodney-alcala-the-fine-art-of-killing/ |access-date=March 19, 2010}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">Pelisek, Christine (January 21, 2010). </cite></ref> Bayan 'yan watanni, masu sansani biyu a sansanin zane-zane sun lura da hotonsa a kan hoton FBI a ofishin gidan waya. A wannan watan Agusta, an kama Alcala kuma an mika shi zuwa California. A lokacin, iyayen Tali Shapiro sun sake komawa duk danginsu zuwa Mexico kuma sun ki yarda Shapiro ya ba da shaida a shari'ar. Ba tare da shaidarsu ta farko ba, masu gabatar da kara ba su so su zargi Alcala da fyade da yunkurin kisan kai; a maimakon haka an same shi da laifin cin zarafin yara, sannan ƙaramin zargi, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru uku.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thompson |first=Donald |date=July 24, 2021 |title=Imprisoned 'Dating Game Killer' Alcala dies in California |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-d9320a59e7987f11889e92cd63015780 |access-date=November 10, 2024 |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Baum |first1=Geraldine |last2=Esquivel |first2=Paloma |date=January 28, 2011 |title=Serial killer Rodney Alcala faces charges in New York slayings |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-jan-28-la-me-alcala-20110128-story.html |access-date=March 14, 2011 |newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> An saki Alcala a shekara ta 1974 bayan watanni talatin da hudu.<ref>{{cite news |last=Allen |first=Nick |date=February 26, 2010 |title=US serial killer Rodney Alcala could be 'new Ted Bundy' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/7325048/US-serial-killer-Rodney-Alcala-could-be-new-Ted-Bundy.html |access-date=November 3, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> === Saki da sake kamawa === Kasa da watanni biyu bayan an sake shi, an sake kama Alcala kuma an yanke masa hukunci saboda ya kai hari ga wata yarinya mai shekaru 13 da aka bayyana a cikin bayanan kotu a matsayin "Julie J". , wacce ta yarda da abin da ta yi tunanin zai zama tafiya zuwa makaranta. An sake sakin Alcala bayan ya yi shekaru biyu, kuma an sake shi a 1977 a matsayin mai aikata laifukan jima'i.&nbsp; === Rashin Hover === Bayan da aka saki Alcala na biyu a shekarar 1977, jami'in sa na Los Angeles ya yi wani zaɓi mai ban mamaki na ba da izinin mai maimaita laifi - kuma sanannen [[wiktionary:flight risk|Hadarin jirgin sama]] - don tafiya zuwa Birnin New York. Masu binciken Sashen 'Yan Sanda na New York yanzu sun yi imanin cewa mako guda bayan dawowa Manhattan, Alcala ta kashe Ellen Jane Hover, 'yar mai shekaru 23 ta mai gidan wasan dare Herman Hover kuma 'yar Dean Martin da Sammy Davis Jr. An ga Hover a karshe a gidanta a New York a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1977. Littafin kwanan wata ya nuna cewa tana da alƙawari don saduwa da wani "John Berger" a wannan rana. Daga baya a shekara ta 1977, FBI ta sami wata sanarwa game da kama Alcala a 1971 a New Hampshire, wanda ya shafi shari'ar Shapiro a California. Alcala ta yarda a karkashin tambayoyi cewa ta san Hover, amma masu bincike ba za su iya kama shi ba, tunda ba su sami jikinta ba. An gano gawarwakinta a shekarar 1978 an binne ta a karkashin manyan duwatsu a kan wani tudun da ke kallon Kogin Hudson, kusa da wani wuri a kan John D. Rockefeller Estate inda wani samfurin mai burin zai bayar da rahoton cewa "Berger" ya dauki hotuna ta. == Dubi kuma == * John Cooper, mai kisan gilla na Welsh wanda ya bayyana a matsayin mai fafatawa a wasan kwaikwayo * François Vérove, mai kisan gilla na Faransa wanda ya bayyana a matsayin mai fafatawa * Horace Van Vaultz, mai kisan gilla na Amurka wanda ya riƙe hotuna da yawa na mata a gidansa * Jerin masu kisan gilla ta yawan wadanda aka kashe * Jerin masu kisan gilla a Amurka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] duuyhdlvy17qjs13h9rvocqani9giz6 0 125595 889195 754909 2026-07-29T22:42:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Noah Cameron Schnapp''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 2004) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka. Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2015 tare da nuna Charlie Brown a fim din mai suna The Peanuts Movie da kuma goyon baya a cikin Steven Spielberg's Bridge of Spies . Schnapp ya sami karbuwa a duniya saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin Will Byers a cikin jerin ''[[Abubuwan Baƙi]]'' tsoro na fiction kimiyya na [[Netflix]] Stranger Things (2016-yanzu), wanda ya sami yabo daban-daban. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Noah Cameron Schnapp a Birnin New York ga Mitchell da Karine Schnapp (née Perez). Ya girma ne a Scarsdale, New York,<ref name="NHL">{{Cite web |last=Cudzinowski |first=Matt |date=October 27, 2017 |title=Off the ice with... Noah Schnapp |url=https://www.nhl.com/canadiens/news/off-the-ice-with-noah-schnapp/c-292229434 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619163506/https://www.nhl.com/canadiens/news/off-the-ice-with-noah-schnapp/c-292229434 |archive-date=June 19, 2018 |access-date=August 1, 2018 |publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref><ref name="scarsdale2015">{{Cite web |last=bradlow |first=Lisa Coleman |date=November 13, 2015 |title=You're a good man, Noah Schnapp |url=http://www.scarsdalenews.com/Scarsdale_Inquirer/11-13-15_SPOTLIGHT__Youre_a_good_man,_Noah_Schnapp.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220141457/http://www.scarsdalenews.com/Scarsdale_Inquirer/11-13-15_SPOTLIGHT__Youre_a_good_man,_Noah_Schnapp.html |archive-date=December 20, 2018 |access-date=August 1, 2018 |website=The Scarsdale Inquirer}}</ref> tare da tagwayensa.<ref>{{Cite AV media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2019 |title=Stranger Things actor Noah Schnapp's age, net worth and twin revealed |url=https://www.capitalfm.com/news/tv-film/stranger-things/noah-schnapp-will-stranger-things-age/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717225327/https://www.capitalfm.com/news/tv-film/stranger-things/noah-schnapp-will-stranger-things-age/ |archive-date=July 17, 2022 |access-date=June 19, 2022 |website=[[Capital (radio network)|Capital FM]]}}</ref> Yana da 'yancin Amurka da Kanada.<ref name="NHL" /><ref>{{Cite tweet|number=756939587755401216|user=noah_schnapp|title=Thanks Caleb, I'm half Canadian, love the Habs @CanadiensMTL and prefer @MontrealBagel sad to see @PKSubban1 go 🙄 https://t.co/yAz4UldnSU|first=Noah|last=Schnapp|author-link=Noah Schnapp|date=July 23, 2016|access-date=June 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602055631/https://twitter.com/noah_schnapp/status/756939587755401216|archive-date=June 2, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Schnapp Bayahude ne kuma ya gudanar da bar mitzvah a Isra'ila.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bloom |first=Nate |date=January 18, 2018 |title=Award season features notable Jewish actors, performers |url=http://www.stljewishlight.com/features/award-season-features-notable-jewish-actors-performers/article_9570ee34-fc6e-11e7-80af-67f22eb2b4a9.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525210350/https://www.stljewishlight.com/features/award-season-features-notable-jewish-actors-performers/article_9570ee34-fc6e-11e7-80af-67f22eb2b4a9.html |archive-date=May 25, 2019 |access-date=February 21, 2019 |website=[[St. Louis Jewish Light]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2018 |title=First look & set report: Noah Schnapp in Michael Morpurgo adaptation ''Waiting For Anya'' (exclusive) |url=https://www.thejc.com/culture/features/it-s-hard-to-be-famous-at-%EF%AC%81fteen-1.497033 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609214803/https://www.thejc.com/culture/features/it-s-hard-to-be-famous-at-%EF%AC%81fteen-1.497033 |archive-date=June 9, 2020 |access-date=May 15, 2020 |website=Screen Daily}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa 'yar asalin Yahudawa ce ta Maroko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jews in the News: Steven Spielberg, Sam Mendes and Lior Britton |url=https://www.jewishtampa.com/jews-in-the-news/jews-in-the-news-steven-spielberg-sam-mendes-and-lior-britton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704054157/https://www.jewishtampa.com/jews-in-the-news/jews-in-the-news-steven-spielberg-sam-mendes-and-lior-britton |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |access-date=May 15, 2020 |publisher=Tampa Jewish Federation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Noah Schnapp |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/noah-schnapp/bio/3030547132/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926070906/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/noah-schnapp/bio/3030547132/ |archive-date=September 26, 2021 |access-date=September 26, 2021}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === 2014-2015: Farawa === Ayyukan Schnapp na sana'a ya fara ne lokacin da ya bayyana halin jagora, Charlie Brown, a cikin fim din mai suna The Peanuts Movie a cikin 2015.<ref name="Nededog">{{Cite web |last=Nededog |first=Jethro |date=September 17, 2016 |title=Here's what the young breakout stars of Netflix's ''Stranger Things'' look like in real life |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/breakout-stars-of-netflixs-stranger-things-2016-9#-as-will-byers-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190257/https://www.businessinsider.com/breakout-stars-of-netflixs-stranger-things-2016-9#-as-will-byers-2 |archive-date=August 1, 2018 |access-date=August 1, 2018 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fim dinsa na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi Bridge of Spies, wanda Steven Spielberg ya jagoranta.<ref name="ET">{{Cite web |last=Herman |first=James Patrick |date=September 15, 2016 |title=EXCLUSIVE: ''Stranger Things'' Star Noah Schnapp Talks Steven Spielberg, Justice for Barb and Season 2 |url=http://www.etonline.com/features/197908_noah_schnapp_talks_stranger_things_steven_spielberg_and_barb/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918210113/http://www.etonline.com/features/197908_noah_schnapp_talks_stranger_things_steven_spielberg_and_barb/ |archive-date=September 18, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Ya buga Roger Donovan, ɗan halin James B. Donovan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2016 |title=11-year-old actor Noah Schnapp reveals what it was like working with Spielberg, Hanks |url=https://www.aol.com/2015-10-09-11-year-old-actor-noah-schnapp-reveals-what-it-was-like-working-21247277.html |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=aol.com |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611215339/https://www.aol.com/2015-10-09-11-year-old-actor-noah-schnapp-reveals-what-it-was-like-working-21247277.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2016-yanzu: ''Abubuwan Baƙi'' mamaki da ci gaba === [[Fayil:Noah_Schnapp_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Schnapp a cikin 2017 San Diego Comic-Con]] Nasarar da ya samu ta zo ne a watan Yulin 2016, lokacin da ya fara fitowa a matsayin Will Byers a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na fiction na [[Netflix]] Stranger Things.<ref name="deadline">{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=August 20, 2015 |title=Duffer Bros. Netflix Supernatural Drama Series Sets Young Cast, Gets Title |url=https://deadline.com/2015/08/duffer-bros-netflix-series-stranger-things-young-cast-1201502552/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822215815/http://deadline.com/2015/08/duffer-bros-netflix-series-stranger-things-young-cast-1201502552/ |archive-date=August 22, 2015 |access-date=August 24, 2015 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Schnapp da farko ya saurara rawar Mike Wheeler, wani muhimmin hali a cikin jerin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=Suzannah |date=November 24, 2017 |title=Noah Schnapp Originally Auditioned for a Different ''Stranger Things'' Role |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/noah-schnapp-stranger-things-audition-story |access-date=June 26, 2024 |website=Teen Vogue}}</ref> Koyaya, an zaba shi don buga Will Byers.<ref name=":2" /> An gabatar da Schnapp zuwa jerin na yau da kullun don kakar wasa ta biyu ta jerin, wanda aka fara a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2017 . A cikin 2022, kafin fitowarsa, Schnapp ya bayyana cewa an gano halinsa a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi. Hoton Schnapp na Will ya ba shi yabo mai mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=756939587755401216|user=noah_schnapp|title=Thanks Caleb, I'm half Canadian, love the Habs @CanadiensMTL and prefer @MontrealBagel sad to see @PKSubban1 go 🙄 https://t.co/yAz4UldnSU|first=Noah|last=Schnapp|author-link=Noah Schnapp|date=July 23, 2016|access-date=June 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602055631/https://twitter.com/noah_schnapp/status/756939587755401216|archive-date=June 2, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin 2016, an nuna Schnapp a cikin Panic! a bidiyon kiɗa na Disco don waƙar su "LA Devotee". <ref>{{Cite AV media}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, ya bayyana a kan mataki a Madison Square Garden don yin waƙar tare da ƙungiyar. A cikin 2018, Schnapp ya buga ɗan mai zane-zane a cikin wani ɗan gajeren fim da ake kira The Circle, wanda aka kafa a lokacin [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin hali]].<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=756939587755401216|user=noah_schnapp|title=Thanks Caleb, I'm half Canadian, love the Habs @CanadiensMTL and prefer @MontrealBagel sad to see @PKSubban1 go 🙄 https://t.co/yAz4UldnSU|first=Noah|last=Schnapp|author-link=Noah Schnapp|date=July 23, 2016|access-date=June 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602055631/https://twitter.com/noah_schnapp/status/756939587755401216|archive-date=June 2, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Schnapp ya kuma shiga cikin We Only Know So Much (2018), fim din da ke biye da iyali mai yawa.<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Matthew |date=April 2, 2021 |title=Watch These Movies Starring The ''Stranger Things'' Cast While You Wait For Season 4 |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/matthewhuff/stranger-things-cast-where-to-watch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425030348/https://www.buzzfeed.com/matthewhuff/stranger-things-cast-where-to-watch |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=April 27, 2021 |website=[[BuzzFeed]]}}</ref> Muryarsa ta ci gaba a cikin fim din mai rai The Legend of Hallowaiian a matsayin muryar Kai.<ref name=":52" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bloom |first=Nate |date=January 18, 2018 |title=Award season features notable Jewish actors, performers |url=http://www.stljewishlight.com/features/award-season-features-notable-jewish-actors-performers/article_9570ee34-fc6e-11e7-80af-67f22eb2b4a9.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525210350/https://www.stljewishlight.com/features/award-season-features-notable-jewish-actors-performers/article_9570ee34-fc6e-11e7-80af-67f22eb2b4a9.html |archive-date=May 25, 2019 |access-date=February 21, 2019 |website=[[St. Louis Jewish Light]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] 3z7v406wablq5len56v0bxmw8mww6fp 0 125689 889343 836056 2026-07-30T11:58:28Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin St Mary''' makaranta ce mai zaman kanta ta Katolika ta firamare da sakandare ga 'yan mata da ke cikin "murabba'in mil" na birnin [[Adelaide]], Kudancin [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]. == Tarihi == Bisa buƙatar Laurence Sheil, Bishop na Adelaide a lokacin, Kwalejin St Mary's ta samo asali ne daga 'Yan'uwan Dominican, waɗanda suka zo daga Convent na Dominican da ke Cabra, Ireland, a matsayin masu wa'azi. An aza harsashin ginin a shekarar 1868.<ref>{{Cite web |title=College History |url=http://www.stmaryscollege.catholic.edu.au/college-history.html |publisher=stmaryscollege.catholic.edu.au |access-date=2025-12-29 |archive-date=2020-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310061650/https://www.stmaryscollege.catholic.edu.au/college-history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ' Yan'uwan St Joseph na Zuciya Mai Tsarki sun ba da ilimin firamare ga ɗalibai daga ƙananan matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, yayin da 'Yan'uwan Dominican suka ɗauki nauyin 'yan mata masu matsakaicin matsayi daga Katolika da sauran addinai waɗanda iyayensu za su iya biyan kuɗin karatunsu bayan firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Mary's Dominican Convent and School |url=http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/places/saint-marys-dominican-convent-and-school |publisher=adelaidia.sa.gov.au |access-date=2025-12-29 |archive-date=2020-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330052033/http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/places/saint-marys-dominican-convent-and-school |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce makarantar 'yan mata mafi tsufa da ke ci gaba da gudanar da karatunsu a Kudancin Ostiraliya;<ref>{{Cite web |title=About St Mary's College &#124; St Mary's College |url=https://www.stmarys.sa.edu.au/about-st-mary-s-college.html}}</ref> asalinta tana cikin ƙananan gidaje a West Terrace da Franklin Street, tare da gidan ibada da cocin coci tun lokacin da 'yan mata suka fara kafa makarantar har yanzu tana nan a yau. == Malamai == A shekarar 2021, 'yan mata sama da 800 ne suka halarci makarantar a azuzuwa daga Makarantar Liyafa (shekaru 5) zuwa shekara ta 12 (shekaru 17-18). == Gidaje == Lokacin da ɗalibai suka fara yin rajista a St. Mary's, ana tura su zuwa ɗaya daga cikin gidajen wasanni huɗu da ke makarantar; St Mary's, St Dominics, St Catherines da St Thomas. Kowace shekara, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna fafatawa da juna a cikin tarurruka kamar Ranar Wasanni, da sauran ƙananan wasannin cin abincin rana kamar Kwando, Kwallon raga da Wasan Volleyball. == Shirye-shiryen Nutsewa == St Mary's tana zaɓar ɗaliban aji 11 don halartar [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajji]] kowace shekara. Ɗaya daga cikinsu ana kiransa "Tafiyar Ƙasa," kuma tana zaɓar 'yan mata 6 zuwa 8 don yin tafiya zuwa ƙasashen APY don ziyartar al'ummar ' [['Yan asalin Australiya|yan asalin ƙasar]]. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>. Sauran aikin hajjin shine zuwa [[Vietnam]]. A shekarar 2005, 2006, 2007, da 2008, ɗaliban Kwalejin St Mary da [[Christian Brothers College, Adelaide|Kwalejin 'Yan'uwa Kiristoci]] sun haɗu don shiga aikin Hajji zuwa Vietnam. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai na aikin Hajjin shi ne bayar da hidima da aiki tare da yara marayu da nakasassu a Phu My Orphanage da ke gundumar Thi Nghe, Saigon. Ƙungiyar ' Yan'uwa Mata ta St Paul de Charters ce ke gudanar da gidan marayu, kuma yana ɗauke da yara sama da 300. Duk da haka, saboda sabbin shugabannin makarantar Vietnam, St Mary's ta dakatar da ziyararta zuwa Vietnam a shekarar 2019. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} k7vdtus6w753341vqytej8kfuumz0ys 0 126526 889027 839305 2026-07-29T15:38:38Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Open English dandamali ne na ilmantarwa na harshen Ingilishi na kan layi, da farko yana ba da sabis ga masu amfani a Latin Amurka da Hispanic Amurkawa a Amurka.<ref name="wsj2">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-17 |title=Online School Has 100,000 Students, One Subject |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/online-school-has-100-000-students-one-subject-1403050947 |access-date=2018-05-03 |website=wsj.com}}</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanin ya kuma fadada tayin zuwa Turai da Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Dandalin a halin yanzu yana aiki a cikin kasashe sama da 30 a duk duniya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi, ya shiga sama da dalibai miliyan 2 a cikin darussansa. Open English yana da hedkwata a [[Miami]], tare da ƙarin ofisoshi a Mexico City, [[Bogotá]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Istanbul]], [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], Vietnam da [[São Paulo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Open English a cikin 2006 a [[Karakas|Caracas]], Venezuela, ta Andrés Moreno, Nicolette Rankin, da Wilmer Sarmiento.<ref name="hbr1">{{Cite web |title=Open English |url=https://hbr.org/product/open-english/814020-PDF-ENG |access-date=2018-05-03 |website=hbr.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Wadanda suka kafa sun fahimci iyakokin ilimin harshen Ingilishi na al'ada da kuma yiwuwar ilmantarwa ta kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Bayan gwagwarmaya ta farko, kamfanin ya fara fadada, yana samun kudade na kudade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, Open English ya koma hedkwatarsa zuwa [[Miami]], [[Florida]], kuma tun daga lokacin ya fadada a fadin Latin Amurka, kasuwar Hispanic ta Amurka, Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref><ref name="wlrn1">{{Cite web |last=Palsuka |first=Nicole |date=June 18, 2013 |title=Why This $350 Million Online Language School Moved To Miami |url=http://wlrn.org/post/why-350-million-online-language-school-moved-miami |access-date=April 24, 2018 |publisher=[[WLRN-TV]] |quote=Co-founder Nicolette Moreno, the chief product officer, was married to Andrés and also appears in Open English TV ads.}}</ref> Cutar COVID-19 ta nuna karuwar buƙatun ilmantarwa ta kan layi, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Open English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open English prepares to land in Asia, after the momentum achieved with the pandemic |url=https://dfsud.com/america/open-english-alista-aterrizaje-en-segundo-mercado-de-asia-tras-el |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=DFSud |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131170106/https://dfsud.com/america/open-english-alista-aterrizaje-en-segundo-mercado-de-asia-tras-el |url-status=dead }}</ref> Open English ya ba da rahoton kudaden shiga na dala miliyan 77 a cikin 2020. Kamfanin ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 350 a shekarar 2019. Ya shiga sama da sabbin dalibai 150,000 a farkon rabin 2021, wanda ya kawo jimlar adadin dalibai zuwa sama da miliyan 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Open English ya kuma sami haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni tare da abokan ciniki sama da 2,000 kuma yana da cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta malamai masu magana da Turanci sama da 2,000. Open English ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen tasirin zamantakewa daban-daban. Musamman, a cikin 2023, kamfanin ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Brazil [[Richarlison]] don ba da gudummawar $ 400,000 na darussan Turanci ga matasa marasa galihu a [[Brazil]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Open English ya ba da gudummawa sama da $ 170,000 a cikin tallafin karatu ga ƙungiyar AlumnUSB, tana tallafawa ɗalibai a Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Har ila yau, kamfanin ya gabatar da tayin farko na sirri (IPO) a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Abubuwan da aka samu kwanan nan, gami da na Ninjas na Ingilishi, sun nuna wani yunkuri na dabarun fadada zuwa Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Asiya, inda yake shirin shiga kasuwar Vietnamese tare da darussan Ingilishi don kasuwanci. == Abubuwan da aka samu == Open English ya sami kamfanoni da yawa. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da su sun hada da: * Jami'ar Next (Amurka, wanda aka samu a watan Janairun 2015 ): Kwararre a cikin darussan ci gaban ƙwarewar dijital, wannan saye ya fadada ikon ilimi na Open English. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> * Turanci Ninjas (Turkey, wanda aka samu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2021): Wannan saye ya taimaka wajen kafa muhimmiyar kasancewar a kasuwar Turkiyya da yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> * Enguru ([[Indiya|India]], wanda aka samu a watan Satumbar 2022): Enguru, dandalin ilmantarwa na harshe na hannu, ya nuna shigar da Ingilishi mai budewa cikin kasuwar Indiya mai saurin girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> == Ayyuka da kayayyaki == Dandalin yana ba da darussan Turanci na kai tsaye, na kan layi tare da malamai masu magana da asali, ana samun su 24/7. Fasahar mallakarta tana sauƙaƙa ƙwarewar ilmantarwa ta mutum, tana ba da bukatun ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Open English ya bambanta abubuwan da yake bayarwa don haɗawa da Open English Junior don matasa masu koyo da Open English Business don horar da harshe na kamfanoni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> A cikin 2015, kamfanin ya fadada ikonsa na ilimi ta hanyar samun Jami'ar Next, yana ba da darussan ci gaban ƙwarewar dijital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Kwanan nan, Open English ya ƙaddamar da Open Mundo, yana ba da darussan rayuwa a Faransanci, Italiyanci, Mutanen Espanya, da Portuguese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubucen kafofin watsa labarai da kuma karɓa == Open English an nuna shi a cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban a Amurka da Latin Amurka, gami da TechCrunch, jaridar Colombia Diario La República, The Miami Herald, da kuma hira da Shugaba Andrés Moreno [1] a MASTV, El País, CNN, BBC, da sauransu. [undefined] Kamfanin ya kuma sami kyaututtuka da yawa, Kasar su 2011 Education Software Review, 2011 David Riley Award for Innovation in Business English, da kuma International E-Learning Award: Academic Division . [2] == Dubi kuma == * Ilimin harshe == Manazarta == ttntabux74vswr8c8b1ghzuk1oopdt3 0 128652 889028 835597 2026-07-29T15:39:58Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 889028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julia Baird''' (née '''Dykins'''; ''An haife ta'' a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1947) malamar Birtaniya ce mai ritaya kuma marubuciya. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar'uwar mawaƙin Ingila John Lennon, kuma ita ce 'yar mahaifiyarsa Julia Lennon da John 'Bobby' Albert Dykins. Har ila yau, tana da 'yar uwar mahaifiyarta, Ingrid Pedersen . Ƙaramar 'yar'uwarta ita ce Jacqueline 'Jackie' Dykins (an haife ta a 26 ga Oktoba 1949). <ref name="JacquelineDykinsLiverpoolLennons">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Family Tree |url=http://www.lennon.net/familytree/sub/jacqui_dykins.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181631/http://www.lennon.net/familytree/sub/jacqui_dykins.shtml |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=The official site of the Liverpool Lennons}}</ref>{{Sfn|Lennon|2005}} Lennon ya fara ziyartar gidan Dykins a shekarar 1951. Bayan mutuwar Julia Lennon a shekara ta 1958, an nada Harriet da Norman Birch a matsayin masu kula da Julia da Jackie, ba tare da la'akari da iyayen Dykins ba, saboda bai taba auren mahaifiyarsu ba. Lennon ya gayyaci 'yan uwan Dykins su ziyarci bayan nasarar Beatles, lokacin da yake zaune a Kenwood, Weybridge, tare da matarsa ta lokacin, Cynthia Lennon. Julia Dykins ta auri Allen Baird a shekarar 1968 kuma ta koma Belfast. Sun haifi 'ya'ya uku tare amma sun sake aure a 1981. Baird ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin [[Faransanci|Harshen Faransanci]] da kuma [[Ilimi Na Musamman|Malamin buƙatu na musamman]], kuma bayan mutuwar Lennon ta rubuta John Lennon, My Brother tare da Geoffrey Giuliano kuma ta daina aiki a 2004 don rubuta Imagine This - Growing up with my brother John Lennon . A shekara ta 2009, an daidaita littafin a cikin fim din Nowhere Boy . Yanzu ita ce darakta na Cavern City Tours a Liverpool . [[Fayil:1BlomfieldRoad.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Gidan Julia da Dykins a 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool, inda Baird da Jackie Dykins suka zauna]] Mahaifiyar Baird, Julia Lennon, ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara biyar a cikin iyalin Stanley: Mary, wanda aka fi sani da 'Mimi' (1906-1991), Elizabeth 'Mater' (1908-1976), Anne 'Nanny' (1911-1988), Julia 'Judy' (1914-1958), da Harriet 'Harrie' (1916-1973). <ref name="StanleyParkes">{{Cite web |title=An interview with Stanley Parkes |url=http://www.lennon.net/reflections/s_parkes.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181649/http://www.lennon.net/reflections/s_parkes.shtml |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=The Liverpool Lennons}}</ref> {{Sfn|Spitz|2005}} John Lennon shine ɗan Julia na farko da Alfred Lennon ya haifa, kodayake daga baya ta haifi 'ya mace mai suna Victoria (wanda aka sake mata suna Ingrid) bayan sun yi soyayya da wani soja ɗan ƙasar Wales yayin da Alfred ke cikin teku. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">an buƙaci ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An tilasta wa Julia ta bar yaron don ɗaukarta bayan matsin lamba mai tsanani daga mahaifinta da 'yan'uwanta mata. {{Sfn|Spitz|2005}} Duk da cewa sun san juna a baya, Julia ta fara soyayya da Bobby Dykins yayin da take aiki a wani gidan cin abinci kusa da Mosspits, wanda shine makarantar firamare ta Lennon. {{Sfn|Spitz|2005}} An ce Dykins mutum ne mai kyau, mai ado mai kyau wanda ya girmi Julia shekaru da yawa kuma yana aiki a Otal ɗin Adelphi da ke Liverpool a matsayin mai kula da giya . {{Sfn|Spitz|2005}} Daga baya Julia ta koma wani ƙaramin gida a Gateacre tare da Dykins, waɗanda ke da damar samun kayayyaki kamar barasa, cakulan, siliki da sigari. {{Sfn|Spitz|2005}} 'Yan'uwan Stanley sun kira Dykins " mai laushi ", saboda gashin bakinsa mai siririn fensir, gashin margarine mai rufi, da hular pie na alade, amma matashin Lennon ya kira shi "Twitchy" saboda tari na jiki da na juyayi da Dykins ke da shi. {{Sfn|Spitz|2005}} Duk da cewa Julia ba ta taɓa rabuwa da Alfred Lennon ba, ita ce matar Dykins ta yau da kullun, kodayake Paul McCartney ya yarda cewa yana yi wa Lennon ba'a game da mahaifiyarsa [[Ƙwarƙwaranci|da ke rayuwa cikin zunubi]] yayin da Julia take da aure. {{Sfn|Miles|1997}} 'Yar'uwar Julia, Mimi, ta kira gidan Julia da Dykins—a 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool—"Gidan Zunubi" <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=The Beatles fan wins John Lennon's home for £279,000 at an auction |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/uk-news/beatles-fan-wins-john-lennons-25114246}}</ref> da gidanta (inda Lennon ke zaune) "Gidan Gyara". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Lokacin da aka haifi Jackie da wuri a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 1949, Julia tana komawa asibiti kowace rana don ganinta, kodayake sau da yawa ba a barin ta (ta Mimi) ta ziyarci Lennon ba. Dykins daga baya ya gudanar da mashaya da yawa a Liverpool, wanda ya ba Julia damar zama a gida a Blomfield Road, don kula da Baird, Jackie, wani cat mai suna "[[Elvis Presley|Elvis]]", da kuma Lennon mai shekaru 11, wanda ya fara ziyartar kuma a wasu lokuta ya zauna da dare. Baird za ta ba da gadonta ga Lennon, kuma ta raba gadon Jackie sau biyu.{{Sfn|Spitz|2005}}{{Sfn|Lennon|2005}}<ref name="ElvisCat">{{Cite web |last=Segunda |first=Feira |date=6 May 2006 |title=John Lennon's Cats |url=https://pocketcat.blogspot.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717020003/http://pocketcat.blogspot.com/ |archive-date=17 July 2007 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=Pocket Cat}}</ref> Dykins ya kasance yana ba Lennon Kudin aljihu na mako-mako (shilling ɗaya) don yin ayyuka marasa kyau, kamar tattara ƙwallon golf a filin wasa na gida, a saman shillings biyar da Aunty Mimi ta Lennon ta ba shi.{{Sfn|Miles|1997}}<ref name="FamilyReflections" /> A lokacin ziyarar Lennon, zai hau bishiyoyi tare da Baird da Jackie, ya gwada rubutun Baird, kuma sau ɗaya ya ba Baird rabin kambi don barin shi kadai lokacin da yake so ya sumbace budurwarsa ta farko. Baird ta tuna cewa bayan Lennon ya ziyarce su, mahaifiyarta sau da yawa za ta buga rikodin da ake kira, Ɗana John, A gare Ni Kai ne Mai ban mamaki, "ta wani tsoho mai raira waƙa, kuma ta zauna ta saurare shi".<ref name="FamilyReflections">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Reflections |url=http://www.lennon.net/reflections/index.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181625/http://www.lennon.net/reflections/index.shtml |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=The official site of the Liverpool Lennons}}</ref> "Ɗana John" - wanda David Whitfield ya rera - an sake shi a shekarar 1956. Kodayake Mimi ya aika Lennon zuwa gidan kawunsa a Sango Bay, Durness, Scotland, don hutunsa, daga baya ya shawo kan Mimi ya bar shi ya dauki gajeren hutu a Arewacin Wales tare da iyalin Dykins. Julia ta dauki Baird da Jackie zuwa Rosebury Street, Liverpool, don kallon Lennon yana wasa tare da The Quarrymen a bayan motar kwal a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1957. An yarda Baird ta zauna a baya, amma saboda kiɗan ya yi ƙarfi sosai sai ta nemi a cire ta. Quarrymen sun buga wasanni biyu a wannan rana a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin don yin bikin cika shekaru 750 da Sarki John ya ba da takardar shaidar Liverpool.<ref name="ReflectionsInterviewWithBaird">{{Cite web |title=An Interview With Julia Baird |url=http://www.lennon.net/reflections/julia_baird.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181659/http://www.lennon.net/reflections/julia_baird.shtml |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=Liverpool Lennons}}</ref> Lennon da McCartney daga baya za su sake maimaitawa a cikin gidan wanka na Blomfield Road saboda sun ce acoustics "ya yi kama da ɗakin rikodi".{{Sfn|Lennon|2005}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}} === Kula da doka === An buge mahaifiyar Baird kuma an kashe ta a ranar 15 ga Yulin 1958, a waje da gidan Mimi, ta hanyar mota ta Standard Vanguard da wani dan sanda mai zaman kansa, PC Eric Clague, wanda ya kasance mai koyon direba.{{Sfn|Lennon|2005}} Clague daga baya ya ce: "Mrs Lennon kawai ta gudu kai tsaye a gaban ni. Ba zan iya kauce mata ba. Ba na saurin gudu, na rantse da shi. Yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru. " <ref name="BeatlesBootlegs">{{Cite web |title=1958 – Clague's testimony |url=http://www.beatles-bootlegs.com/pageID_3860687.html |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=Beatles Bootlegs}}</ref> Baird da Jackie (shekaru goma sha ɗaya da takwas bi da bi) nan aka aika su zauna a [[Edinburgh]] a gidan kawunansu Mater, kuma ba a yarda su halarci jana'izar ba. Bayan watanni biyu kawunansu, Norman Birch, ya gaya musu cewa mahaifiyarsu ta mutu.{{Sfn|Lennon|2005}} Birch da kawunansu, Harriet, an sanya su masu kula da 'yan matan - ba tare da la'akari da iyayen Dykins ba, saboda bai taba auren Julia ba bisa doka.<ref name="LennonForgottenSister">{{Cite web |last=Harding |first=Louette |date=2 February 2007 |title=John Lennon's forgotten sister |url=http://www.you.co.uk/pages/you/article.html?in_article_id=433367&in_page_id=1908 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=YOU magazine}}{{Dead link|date=December 2017}}</ref> An binne Julia a Kabari na Allerton, a [[Liverpool]].{{Sfn|Lennon|2005}} Kabarin ta ba shi da alama, kuma a cikin shekaru an manta da wurin har sai da Jackie ya gano shi kwanan nan a matsayin "CE (Church of England) 38-805". An kai Baird da Jackie su zauna tare da Birches da ɗansu a The Dairy Cottage, wanda mijin Mimi, George Smith ne ya mallaka.<ref name="TheCottage2">{{Cite web |title=John Lennon's homes |url=http://homepage.ntlworld.com/carousel/pob40.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823121546/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/carousel/pob40.html |archive-date=23 August 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=Ntl World}}</ref><ref name="TheCottage">{{Cite web |title=Visiting Woolton? |url=http://wooltonvillageuk.tripod.com/VisitingWoolton.htm |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=Woolton Village UK |archive-date=13 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213083536/http://wooltonvillageuk.tripod.com/VisitingWoolton.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 14 an ba Baird damar shiga tsakiyar birnin Liverpool da kanta, inda ta sha kofi na cappuccino a cikin gidan kofi na Kardomah, kodayake Baird da abokanta sun kira shi "kofi mai laushi".<ref name="MyBrotherTheBeatle">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2007 |title=Julia Baird: My brother the Beatle |url=http://news.scotsman.com/thebeatles/Julia-Baird-My-brother-the.3357345.jp |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=[[The Scotsman]] newspaper}}</ref> A shekara ta 16, Baird ta fara tafiya zuwa London, kodayake kawunta ba ta taɓa sani ba, saboda ba za ta taɓa yarda da shi ba. Baird ya yi magana game da tafiye-tafiye zuwa London, da kuma yadda suke da aminci: "Hitching ya kasance mai sauƙi a lokacin. Hanyar rayuwa ce. Duk abin da ke zama kyauta. Za mu fara tattaunawa da mutane a tashar Tube kuma a gayyace mu zuwa jam'iyyun. Mutane koyaushe suna ba mu wurin zama - ba mu taɓa cutar da mu ba. "<ref name="MyBrotherTheBeatle" /> An nemi Baird da Jackie su ziyarci Lennon a Kenwood wanda shine gidansa a Weybridge a shekarar 1964. Cynthia Lennon - matar Lennon a lokacin - ta kai su duka sayayya a Knightsbridge, ta sayi musu tufafi masu tsada. A lokacin wannan ziyarar, Beatles sun buga wasa a Finsbury Park Astoria, kuma 'yan'uwa mata sun nemi a ba su izinin tsayawa kusa da gaba, amma dole ne masu tsaro su cire su daga masu sauraro saboda murkushewar.<ref name="MyBrotherTheBeatle"/> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1965, an kashe Dykins a hadarin mota a kasan Penny Lane. Ba a gaya wa Lennon game da mutuwarsa ba har tsawon watanni bayan haka. Dykins ya yi aure tun lokacin, amma Baird ya yarda cewa ita da Jackie ba su da wata hulɗa da matarsa, kuma ba su halarci jana'izar mahaifinsu ba.<ref name="LennonForgottenSister"/> A shekara ta 1968, an gaya wa Lennon Dairy Cottage ya yi yawa ga su duka, don haka ya gaya wa Birch ya sayi gida, kuma ya sami gida mai dakuna 4 a Gateacre Park Drive, Liverpool. Lennon ya gaya wa Birch ya shirya shi kuma ya yi masa ado, kuma ya aika masa dukkan takardun kudi.{{Sfn|Harry|2011}} Dykinses ba su ji komai daga Lennon ba har tsawon shekaru, har sai da ya kira Baird a 1975, kuma ya nemi abubuwan tunawa da rayuwarsa ta yaro, kamar takalmin makarantarsa da hotuna. Ya aika da £ 3,000 don biyan kuɗin jigilar kaya kuma a matsayin kyauta, amma ya rubuta, "Kada ku gaya wa Mimi". Lennon ya ci gaba da kiran Baird har zuwa 1976, lokacin da kiran ya tsaya. Jackie ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shago a cikin shekarun 1970s, amma ta yi yaƙi da jarabawar heroin. A cikin shekarun 1980s, kuma ta warke sosai, Jackie ta haifi ɗanta, John, daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gyaran gashi.<ref name="AdditionalFamilyMembers">{{Cite web |title=Additional Family Members (Jacqueline Gertrude Dykins) |url=http://darksweetlady.tripod.com/beatleskids/family.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122011600/http://darksweetlady.tripod.com/beatleskids/family.html |archive-date=22 January 2008 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=Dark Sweet Lady (Tripod)}}</ref> Bayan Lennon da Harriet sun mutu, Yoko Ono ya so ya sayar da gidan - kamar yadda har yanzu yake cikin sunan Lennon - amma daga baya ya ba da shi ga Sojojin Ceto a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 1993, duk da cewa Lennon ya taɓa rubuta: "Ko da yaushe ina tunanin gidan da yake cikin [Birch] a matsayin gudummawar da na bayar wajen kula da Julia [Baird] da Jackie. Zan fi son 'yan mata su yi amfani da shi. " == Shekaru na baya == Julia ta auri Allen Baird a shekarar 1968, ta koMA Belfast kuma ta ɓoye tarihin iyalinta.<ref name="NorthernEchoInterview">{{Cite web |title=I wish John had never been famous |url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/misc/print.php?artid=1168854 |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=The Northern Echo}}</ref> Bairds suna da 'ya'ya uku: Nicholas (an haife shi a shekara ta 1971), Sara (an haifi shi a shekara de 1972) da David (an haifu shi a shekara a shekara ta 1980), kuma sun sake aure a shekara ta 1981. Baird ta tafi jami'a kuma ta sami MA a fannin falsafar ilimi, kuma a lokacin karatun ta ta ta kwashe shekara guda a Faransa, ta yi tafiya a Turai, kuma ta yi zanga-zanga game da yakin da aka yi a [[Vietnam]] a [[Faris|Paris]] tare da Simone de Beauvoir . <ref name="MyBrotherTheBeatle"/> Baird daga baya ta koyar da Faransanci da Ingilishi kafin ta yi aiki a matsayin malami na musamman tare da matasa a yankunan da suka talau na [[Chester]], har sai da ta yi ritaya don rubuta littattafai kuma ta zama darektan Cavern City Tours. Baird da Jackie sun sadu da 'yar uwarsu Ingrid Pedersen a karo na farko a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2000 lokacin da suka halarci bikin don sanya takardar Blue Heritage a gidan Mimi, don tunawa da gaskiyar cewa Lennon ya zauna a can. Baird da Jackie kwanan nan sun gano ko wanene Pedersen, bayan da ɗan jarida Bill Smithies na Liverpool Echo ya gaya musu. Baird ya firgita cewa Pedersen bai yi kama da Stanley ko dangin Lennon ba, yana da idanu masu launin shudi da gashi mai kyau. Bayan ya saki littafin, John Lennon, My Brother - wanda aka rubuta tare da Giuliano, da kuma gabatarwa McCartney - Baird ta yi tafiya zuwa New York a shekarar 1989 don bayyana a taron Beatlefest, kuma an tambaye ta idan za ta iya tabbatar da cewa ita 'yar'uwar Lennon ce. Baird ta ki, tana cewa ba za ta samar da fasfo dinta ba, kuma masu sauraro za su dauki alkawarinta. A shekara ta 2000, Baird ta kasance a lokacin da aka kaddamar da alamun hanya guda shida, waɗanda aka gina a kan manyan hanyoyi zuwa Liverpool, tana cewa, "Liverpool ya maraba da ku - zuwa wurin haihuwar THE BEATLES", kuma a watan Oktoba ta dasa itace a cikin lambun zaman lafiya na Liverpool don tunawa da ranar haihuwar Lennon.<ref name="BirthplaceOfTheBeatles">{{Cite web |date=31 March 2000 |title=Beatles put on the map |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/697089.stm |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=[[BBC]] News}}</ref><ref name="HappyBirthdayLennon">{{Cite web |date=9 October 2000 |title='Happy Birthday' Lennon |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/963267.stm |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Baird ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2004, kuma ya buga littafi mai suna Imagine This - Growing up with my brother John Lennon, a watan Fabrairun 2007. Littafin Baird an daidaita shi cikin fim din Burtaniya na 2009 Nowhere Boy . Daga 28 zuwa 30 ga Satumba 2007, Durness ta gudanar da bikin John Lennon Northern Lights wanda Baird (wanda ya karanta daga rubuce-rubucen Lennon da littattafanta) da Stanley Parkes (ɗan'uwan Lennon na Scotland) suka halarta. Parkes ya ce, "Ni da Julia [Baird] za su je tsohuwar gidan iyali don ba da labari". Masu kiɗa, masu zane-zane da mawaƙa daga ko'ina cikin Burtaniya sun yi a bikin.<ref name="VillageStrikeaAChord">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=John |date=19 May 2007 |title=Village strikes a chord with Lennon festival |url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland/Village-strikes-a-chord-with.3287730.jp |access-date=9 June 2011 |website=[[The Scotsman]]}}</ref><ref name="NorthernLights FestivalinDurness">{{Cite web |title=John Lennon Northern Lights Festival in Durness |url=http://www.scotland.com/blog/john-lennon-northern-lights-festival-in-durness |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=Scotland blog}}</ref> Baird yanzu tana zaune a [[Chester]] tare da abokin aikinta, Roger Keys .<ref name="NorthernEchoInterview"/><ref name="CheshirePartnerRoger">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Laura |date=5 February 2007 |title=So I sing a song of love for Julia |url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2007/02/05/so-i-sing-a-song-of-love-for-julia-64375-18577627/3/ |access-date=9 June 2011 |website=Liverpool Daily Post}}</ref> [[Fayil:Grave_of_Julia_Lennon_in_context.jpg|thumb|Kabarin Julia Lennon]] Baird ta yi ikirarin cewa ba a taɓa gaya mata cewa an binne mahaifiyarta a Makabartar Allerton, a [[Liverpool]], {{Sfn|Lennon|2005}} ba, duk da cewa wurin makabartar yana da nisan mil 1.19 gabas da titin 1 Blomfield. Ba a yi wa kabarin alama ba, amma kwanan nan aka binne shi. an gano shi a matsayin "CE (Cocin Ingila) 38-805". A ƙarshe iyalan Stanley suka koma ta sanya dutse a kan kabarin mahaifiyarta. Dutsen ya ce: {{Blockquote|Mummy<br/>John<br/>Victoria<br/>Julia<br/>Jackie}}{{Clear}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9itx93twu6tlm377ipp3qpxdd7y48h5 0 129608 889264 765601 2026-07-30T07:03:07Z BnHamid 12586 889264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marie Seitz''' (karni na 19 zuwa karni na 20), wanda aka fi sani da sunanta na yaki, '''Emille''', 'yar juyin juya hali Jamus ce kuma mai fafutuka ga manufar Armeniya. An fi saninta da sa hannu a Operation Nejuik, wanda Tarayyar Juyin Juya Halin Armenia (ARF) ta shirya, wanda ke da niyyar kashe Sultan Abdul Hamid II, babban mai gabatar da Kisan kiyashi na Hamidian wanda ya haifar da mutuwar Armeniyawa 100,000 zuwa 300,000. Ta shiga cikin shirin shirin da kuma aikin kwamandoji na karshe, wanda ya kai ga yunkurin kisan Abdul Hamid II a Yıldız. Ta sami nasarar tserewa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] kuma ta ɓace. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Marie Seitz a Daular Rasha, kodayake ta fito ne daga asalin Jamus.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}}{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} A shekara ta 1904, ta shiga kungiyar juyin juya halin Armenia (ARF) ta yunkurin kashe Sultan Abdul Hamid II a matsayin fansa ga kisan kiyashin Hamidian, {{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} wanda shi ne babban mai tsarawa, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar tsakanin 100,000 da 300,000 Armeniyawa. Baya ga Seitz, kungiyar ta hada da 'Yan tawaye na Belgium Edward Joris da matarsa, [[Anna Nellens]], wadanda suka shiga kokarin saboda daidaituwa ta akida, da kuma [[Christapor Mikaelian]], daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa ARF, Sophie Areshian, da [[Martiros Margarian]], masu juyin juya halin Armeniya. {{Sfn|Alloul|2018}}{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Kafin shigar da ita cikin zurfi a cikin aikin, masu shirya taron sun gudanar da taro don tattauna ko ya kamata a haɗa mata a cikin yunkurin kisan kai ko kuma "kace" daga irin waɗannan ayyukan.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} Koyaya, sun yanke shawarar cewa bai dace ba a yi muhawara game da wannan batun ba tare da tuntuɓar mata da kansu ba.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} A ranar 4 ga Disamba 1904, 'Rubina' (Sophie Areshian), 'Emille' (Seitz), da 'Michelle' sun shiga tattaunawar kuma sun bayyana cikakken yardarsu don shiga cikin aikin.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} Sun nuna laifi a wannan tambayar kuma sun bayyana cewa, idan ya cancanta, za su gudanar da aikin da kansu.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} Haɗakar da mata a cikin irin wannan muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙungiyar kamar ARF ba abin mamaki ba ne, saboda shahararren kasancewar mata a cikin ƙungiyoyin juyin juya halin hagu na zamanin.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Seitz ta ɗauki sunayen "Emille" da "Sophie Rips," tana nuna cewa matar Margarian ce, wacce ta yi amfani da sunan "Liba Rips".[1] Bayan mutuwar Mikaelian da Kendirian, wani abokin makirci a Bulgaria, yayin da suke shirya fashewa don aikin, ta sake saduwa da Edward Joris, wanda ya sha wahala sosai saboda asarar abokinsa - musamman tun lokacin da aka bar fasfo dinsa a wurin.[1] Koyaya, membobin Kungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Makidoniya ta Cikin Gida (IMRO) sun sami nasarar dawo da fasfo kafin 'yan sanda su isa. Tare da Joris da Margarian, 'yan juyin juya hali uku sun kwashe dare daya cikin makoki.[1] Ta shiga cikin aikin bincike na karshe kafin yunkurin kisan Abdul Hamid II a Yıldız tare da [[Anna Nellens]] . {{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} A ranar 21 ga watan Yulin 1905, ta shiga aikin kwamandojin na karshe na kungiyar, tare da Sophie Areshian, Martiros Margarian, da direban motar da ke dauke da bam, Zareh. {{Sfn|Alloul|2018}}{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} Kungiyar ta tafi masallacin ne a karkashin uzuri na neman furanni ga Areshian.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} Sun bar motar da aka yi amfani da ita a gaban masallacin, bayan haka Areshian ya kunna lokacin bam din, kuma kungiyar ta tsere daga wurin.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} Bayan fashewar bam din, ta nemi mafaka tare da sauran mambobi uku na kungiyar kusa da gidan Joris, inda za su iya saka idanu kan zuwansa da tafiyarsa.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Joris ya sanar da kungiyar cewa zai shiga tare da su don su iya daidaitawa kuma mai yiwuwa su tsere tare.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Koyaya, lokacin da ya isa, ya ci abincin rana ba tare da ya yarda da su ba, sannan ya sake barin ginin a bayyane, ba tare da nuna alamar gane su ba.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Seitz da sauran sun yanke shawarar jira har zuwa karfe shida, lokacin da Joris yawanci ya bar aiki ya koma gida.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Shirin su na tserewa daga Constantinople da sauri ya riga ya lalace, saboda jinkirin ya sa suka rasa jiragen ruwa na ƙarshe da ke tashi zuwa Piraeus da Daular Rasha.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Da karfe shida, ba a gan Joris a ko'ina ba - a zahiri, yana halartar bikin cika shekaru 75 na 'yancin kai na Belgium a wani gida mai zaman kansa a cikin birni. Kungiyar ta yanke shawarar barin da misalin karfe 7:30 na yamma, sa'o'i bakwai bayan harin.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Har yanzu yana nuna kansa a matsayin matar Margarian, yayin da Areshian ya yi kamar shi abokin Zareh ne, su huɗun sun sami damar isa tashar jirgin kasa kuma sun shiga jirgin kasa na ƙarshe zuwa [[Sofiya|Sofia]], tare da taimakon jami'an 'yan sanda na Turkiyya waɗanda suka taimaka wajen ɗora kayansu a cikin jirgin. A cikin jirgin, ƙungiyar ta yi farin ciki.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}} Masu juyin juya hali sun mika hannu kuma sun taya juna murna, sun gamsu cewa Abdul Hamid II ya mutu kuma harin ya yi nasara.{{Sfn|Alloul|2018}}&nbsp; A Sofia, Seitz ya sami labarin gazawar harin.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} Yayinda fashewar ta kashe mutane 21 kuma ta ji wa wasu rauni 58, Sultan Abdul Hamid II ya fito ba tare da wata matsala ba.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} Ya tsaya don tattaunawa da Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi a cikin masallacin, yana jinkirta ficewarsa kuma yana guje wa fashewar.{{Sfn|Berberian|2021}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} fezd3wext1wdi3w782p29auj05ffl27 0 132107 889209 771366 2026-07-30T01:06:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oil Free Wellington''' [[Zanga-zanga|ƙungiya ce ta masu zanga-zanga]] da aka kafa a [[Wellington|Wellington, New Zealand]], a shekarar 2012. Tana nan don adawa [[Deep sea oil drilling|da haƙo mai a cikin teku mai zurfi]] a bakin tekun babban birnin [[New Zealand]], Wellington. Tana kuma aiki don tallafawa sauran ƙungiyoyin da ke adawa da binciken man fetur a New Zealand. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Binciken Mai a New Zealand == Ana bayar da izinin binciken mai a kowace shekara a Tayin Block Offers ta wani reshe na gwamnatin New Zealand. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> Waɗannan tarukan shekara-shekara sun kasance abin da ƙungiyoyi da dama suka shirya zanga-zanga a faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greenpeace launch 'summer of action' against oil companies |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/85351380/greenpeace-launch-summer-of-action-against-oil-companies |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2014 |title=Anti-oil activists lock themselves to government building |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11371507 |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher= |via=New Zealand Herald |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220172009/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11371507 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gwamnatin New Zealand ta dage sosai wajen neman mai da iskar gas a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> An ba da izinin bincike da haƙa rijiyoyi ga kamfanoni daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da [[Anadarko Petroleum|Anadarko]], [[Statoil]], da [[Chevron]] . Ministan Gwamnati, [[Simon Bridges]], ya ce yana ɗaukar haɗarin muhalli da muhimmanci kuma "ba zai bar 'yan kaboyi su shiga ruwan New Zealand ba." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ayyukan zanga-zanga == Kamfanin Wellington mai suna Oil Free ya jagoranci kuma ya shiga cikin zanga-zanga da dama a kewayen Wellington da New Zealand. * A watan Satumba na 2013, Wellington, kamfanin mai na Oil Free, ya jagoranci zanga-zangar adawa da toshe taron shekara-shekara na man fetur a Wellington. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> * A watan Janairun 2014, membobin ƙungiyar sun yi iyo zuwa wani jirgin ruwa mai binciken mai wanda aka ajiye a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Wellington kuma suka makala wani tuta mai ɗauke da rubutu "teku marasa mai." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> Daga baya a shekarar, an hana wannan jirgin ruwan binciken ya tafi, kuma an hana zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da yawa shiga tashar jiragen ruwa, lokacin da masu zanga-zanga daga Kaikōura suka yi iyo suka hau kan hanyar jirgin ruwan binciken. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greenpeace launch 'summer of action' against oil companies |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/85351380/greenpeace-launch-summer-of-action-against-oil-companies |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> * A watan Janairun 2014, kamfanin Oil Free Wellington ya jagoranci zanga-zangar zuwa ofisoshin kamfanin mai na Anadarko da ke Wellington don isar da "sanarwar keta haddi" wadda mazauna birnin Wellington suka sanya wa hannu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2014 |title=Anti-oil activists lock themselves to government building |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11371507 |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher= |via=New Zealand Herald |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220172009/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11371507 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * A watan Yunin 2014, membobin ƙungiyar sun yi amfani da wani tuta a wajen wurin da ake gudanar da taron kamfen na Jam'iyyar National Party. Gwamnatin Ƙasa ta buɗe wuraren binciken mai na teku da aka kare, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da haɗarin Maui's Dolphin da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa . Tutar da aka aika wa ministan gwamnati Simon Bridges ta ce, "Kai Simon, halaka har abada ce!" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> * A watan Oktoban 2014, mambobi sun haura wani gini a Wellington don sauke wani rubutu da ke nuna "mai zurfin teku" yana zanga-zangar nuna adawa da kamfanin Statoil mallakar Norway wanda ke da izinin binciken mai a ruwan New Zealand. Wannan ya biyo bayan abubuwan da suka faru a fadin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> * A watan Disamba na 2015, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki nauyin zanga-zanga a bakin tekun Wellington, inda ta nuna adawarta da binciken mai a ranar da [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015|tattaunawar sauyin yanayi a birnin Paris]] ta ƙare. Wannan ya ƙunshi jiragen ruwa da dama na kayaks, waka (kwale-kwalen Māori) da [[Jirgin Ruwa na Alfarma|jiragen ruwa na ruwa]], da kuma ɗaruruwan masu zanga-zanga a bakin teku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scoop Business" Game On Anadarko! |url=http://business.scoop.co.nz/2012/12/27/game-on-anadarko/ |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Manazarta == ifytphtrk9trmsvniwlp8ahpnhq1eiq 0 132931 889199 773150 2026-07-29T23:31:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Oakes Ames ( /eɪm z / ; an haife shi a watan Satumba 26, 1874 - Afrilu 28, 1950) masanin ilmin halittu ne ɗan Amurka wanda ya ƙware a fannin noman orchids . Gidansa yanzu shine Borderland State Park da ke Massachusetts . Shi ɗan Gwamnan Massachusetts Oliver Ames ne kuma jikan ɗan Majalisa Oakes Ames . == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Ames a cikin iyali mai arziki daga North Easton, Massachusetts, ƙaramin ɗan Anna Coffin Ray da Gwamna Oliver Ames . Yana da shekaru goma sha biyar, ya tattara furannin orchids na farko a Easton. Ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Harvard]], inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin ilmin halittu a shekarar 1898, sannan kuma digiri na farko a fannin ilmin tsirrai a shekarar 1899 a fannin tsirrai. Ya auri Blanche Ames (ba shi da wata alaƙa) a shekarar 1900, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi mata aure da suna Blanche Ames Ames . Ames 'yar Amurka ce mai fasaha, mai fafutukar siyasa, mai ƙirƙira, marubuciya, kuma fitacciyar mai goyon bayan [[Zaɓen Mata|mata a harkokin zaɓe]] da [[Kulawar haihuwa|hana haihuwa]] . [[Fayil:Ames_Mansion_Borderland.jpg|left|thumb|Gidan Oakes Ames yanzu ya zama Borderland State Park]] Ames ya yi aikinsa na ƙwararru a Harvard. A matsayinsa na mai gudanarwa, ya kasance mataimakin darakta (1899–1909) kuma Daraktan Lambun Tsirrai (1909–1922); Mai Kulawa (1923–1927), Mai Kulawa (1927–1937), Darakta (1937–1945), kuma mataimakin darakta na Gidan Tarihin Tsirrai (1945–1950); Shugaban Sashen Ilimin Halittu (1926–1935) kuma Shugaban Majalisar Tarin Tsirrai da Mai Kula da Dakin Gwaji na Halittu, Lambun Atkins da ke Cuba, da kuma Arnold Arboretum (1927–1935). A matsayinsa na malami, ya kasance malami a fannin ilimin tsirrai (1900–1910), mataimakin farfesa a fannin tsirrai (1915–1926), farfesa a fannin tsirrai (1926–1932) da kuma farfesa a fannin tsirrai na Arnold (1932–1935). Daga 1935 zuwa 1941, ya kasance farfesa mai bincike a fannin ilimin tsirrai. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1911. <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> Ba a san dangin Orchidaceae sosai ba kafin nazarin da rarraba su da Ames. Ya yi balaguro zuwa [[Florida]], [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], da Tsakiya da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], tare da matarsa Blanche Ames, yana ƙirƙirar zane-zanen tsire-tsire da suka tsara bisa ga kimiyya. An buga aikin Ames a cikin littafin ''Orchidaceae mai juzu'i bakwai: Zane-zane da Nazarin Iyali na Orchidaceae'' . Sun kuma ƙirƙiro Jadawalin Ames, suna kwatanta alaƙar phylogenetic na manyan tsire-tsire masu amfani, waɗanda har yanzu ana amfani da su. Babban abin da Ames ya fi shahara shi ne gina wani babban wurin kiwon orchid herbarium, tare da ɗakin karatu, hotuna, da zane-zane, wanda ya bai wa Harvard a shekarar 1938. A yau, Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames ya ƙunshi kimanin samfura 131,000, da kuma furanni 3,000 a cikin glycerine, samfuran da aka yi wa pickles 4,000, da ɗaruruwan zane-zane. Laburaren sa ya ƙunshi littattafai kusan 5,000, sake bugawa, da mujallu. Marubutan zane-zane da hotuna sun haɗa da Blanche Ames, Oakes Ames, Dorothy O. Allen, Ruth Barton, Gordon Winston Dillon, Leslie Andrew Garay, JG Hall, {{Interlanguage link|James Laird Macfarlane}}, Dorothy H. Marsh, Henry Moon, Magdalena Peña de Sousa, Eleanor B. Phillips, Charles Schweinfurth, Elmer W. Smith, Charles Storer, da kuma masu fasaha da ba a san su ba. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe za a haɗa wannan orchid Herbarium cikin babban Jami'ar Harvard Herbaria yayin da Ames ya maye gurbin Farfesa George Lincoln Goodale a matsayin darektan Gidan Tarihin Botanical na Harvard (yanzu Gidan Tarihin Halitta na Harvard ) a 1923. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium (AMES) |url=https://huh.harvard.edu/pages/oakes-ames-orchid-herbarium-ames |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=huh.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102142631/https://huh.harvard.edu/pages/oakes-ames-orchid-herbarium-ames |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Furannin Gilashi === A matsayinsa na darakta na biyu a gidan kayan tarihi, ya kula da matakan ƙarshe na ƙirƙirar sanannen tarin furannin Glass, inda ya yi musayar wasiƙa da mai tallafawa kamfanin, Miss Mary Lee Ware a lokacin tafiyarta ta biyu zuwa Dresden, Jamus a 1908, inda ta ziyarci Rudolf Blaschka, ɗaya daga cikin masu yin furannin. An buga wannan wasiƙar ga Farfesa Ames a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1961, ta Jami'ar Harvard Herbaria - Botanical Museum Leaflets, Jami'ar Harvard Vol. 19, No. 6 - a ƙarƙashin taken "Ta Yaya Aka Yi Furannin Glass?" kuma ya yi cikakken bayani game da wasu abubuwan da Miss Ware ta lura game da Rudolf. <ref>The Orchid Library of Oakes Ames - http://botlib.huh.harvard.edu/libraries/oakes_ames.htm {{Webarchive}}</ref> Duk da haka, Farfesa Ames bai yi sha'awar aikin kamar Goodale ba, kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin magajin Goodale da wasiƙar damuwa ga Mary Ware: {{Blockquote|I enclose a letter just received from Mr. Blaschka. This letter disturbs my peace of mind to its depths. It is unnecessary for me to explain why. We have discussed the situation at length. I have thought again and again about our future relations with Mr. Blaschka. Perhaps I am stupid in being at a loss for a solution of the problem. I do not see how we can throw aside a man who has become so much a part of our scheme of things. Yet, how can we avoid the danger of allowing kindness to misguide us? I will go on thinking about possibilities.<ref>Oakes Ames Correspondence: Botany Libraries, Archives of the Economic Botany Herbarium of Oakes Ames, Harvard University Herbaria</ref>}} Ba a san ainihin dalilin da ya sa aka dame shi ba, amma Ames ya sami mafita a cikin abin da ya kira "Tsarin Tsirrai na Tattalin Arziki", yana roƙon Rudolf Blaschka ya yi gilashin [[Zaitun|Olea europaea]] (Zaitun) da Vitis vinifera (Girbin Inabi na Common Vine), buƙatar da Rudolf ya amsa cikin sauƙi kuma ya zama jerin 'ya'yan itacen gilashi a cikin yanayin ruɓewa da cin abinci. Duk da haka, Farfesa Ames ya ci gaba da musayar wasiƙu da Miss Ware suna tattauna aikin, wato inganci da saurin samarwa yayin da Rudolf ke tsufa, tattaunawa wanda a ɓangaren Ames ya bambanta daga sha'awar da aka sarrafa zuwa ci gaba da damuwa game da aikin da kuma ci gaba da iyawar Rudolf na samar da shi ta hanyar da ta dace. Duk da haka, a cikin 1924 ya rubuta wa Miss Ware don lura da babban nasarar Furannin Gilashin gabaɗaya: ''"Ya kamata ku yi farin ciki da fahimtar cewa babbar kyautar ku tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali na ƙasar. Amma tabbas Tom Barbour ya ɗan yi ƙyama lokacin da baƙi zuwa Gidan Tarihi [[Louis Agassiz|na Agassiz]] suka tambaye shi ko an yi raƙumin da gilashi."'' == Duba kuma == * Iyalan Ames  == Manazarta == ; Ambato {{Reflist|33em}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] b9b3mgetzpn376m0kot1pzilxxrmwks 0 133119 889258 773559 2026-07-30T06:59:57Z BnHamid 12586 889258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Salim Qasmi Siddiqi''' (8 ga watan Janairun 1926 - 14 ga watan Afrilu 2018) [[Ulama'u|Masanin Musulmi]] ne na [[Indiya]] wanda ya kafa Darul Uloom Waqf a Deoband, Indiya kuma ya zama shugabanta na farko. Ya kasance tsohon jami'in Darul Uloom Deoband . Ya sami lambar yabo ta Shah Waliullah ta huɗu kuma an girmama shi da Alamar Bambanci daga [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] da ke [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Misira]].<ref name="obituary">{{Cite web |date=28 April 2018 |title=Obituary: Maulana Muhammad Salim Qasmi, an ocean of knowledge |url=http://twocircles.net/2018apr28/422881.html |access-date=2 June 2019 |website=TwoCircles.net}}</ref> == Haihuwar haihuwa da ilimi == An haifi Muhammad Salim Qasmi a ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 1926 a Deoband, [[Indiya]] a cikin Iyalin Siddiqi na Nanauta . <ref name="obituary">{{Cite web |date=28 April 2018 |title=Obituary: Maulana Muhammad Salim Qasmi, an ocean of knowledge |url=http://twocircles.net/2018apr28/422881.html |access-date=2 June 2019 |website=TwoCircles.net}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan fari na Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi . Ya kammala karatu daga Darul Uloom Deoband a 1948 inda malamansa suka hada da Hussain Ahmad Madani, Izaz Ali Amrohi, Ibrahim Balyawi da Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi . <ref name="obituary" /> Ya yi karatun ''Mizan'', littafi na harshen Larabci tare da Ashraf Ali Thanwi . <ref name="obituary" /> == Ayyuka == An nada Qasmi a matsayin malami a Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1949. <ref name="fikreinqelab1">{{Cite journal |date=16-31 January 2017 |editor-last=Mahtab |editor-first=Ahsan |title=Urdu Ke Farogh Mai Ulama-e-Deoband Ka 150 Saala Kirdar |trans-title=150 year role of the scholars of Darul Uloom Deoband in the propagation of Urdu |journal=Fikr-e-Inqelab |language=ur |publisher=All India Tanzeem Ulma-e-Haque Trust |volume=5 |issue=112 |page=289}}</ref> A shekara ta 1982, tare da Anzar Shah Kashmiri, ya kafa Darul Uloom Waqf kuma an nada shi babban shugabanta.<ref name="ilmgate">{{Cite web |last=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi |date=28 October 2010 |title=Mawlana Anzar Shah Kashmiri: A Tribute to His Life and Services |url=http://www.ilmgate.org/mawlana-anzar-shah-kashmiri-a-tribute-to-his-life-and-services/ |access-date=22 May 2019 |website=IlmGate.org}}</ref><ref name="rising">{{Cite web |title=Deoband rector Maulana Salim Qasmi no more |url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/deoband-rector-maulana-salim-qasmi-no-more |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724012921/http://risingkashmir.com/news/deoband-rector-maulana-salim-qasmi-no-more |archive-date=24 July 2019 |access-date=2 June 2019 |website=RisingKashmir.com}}</ref> Qasmi ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Hukumar Shari'a ta Musulmi ta Indiya kuma a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Musulmi ta India Majlis-e-Mushawarat . Ya kasance memba na Kotun Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh, memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama da Kwamitin Gudanarwa, kuma memba na kwaminis mai ba da shawara ga Mazahir Uloom. Ya kasance memba na dindindin na Majalisar Fiqh ta [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] . <ref name="obituary">{{Cite web |date=28 April 2018 |title=Obituary: Maulana Muhammad Salim Qasmi, an ocean of knowledge |url=http://twocircles.net/2018apr28/422881.html |access-date=2 June 2019 |website=TwoCircles.net}}</ref> Ya tallafa wa cibiyoyi da yawa ciki har da Kul Hind Rabta Masajid da Islamic Fiqh Academy, Indiya. <ref name="obituary" /> == Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Ya fara tafiyarsa ta rubuce-rubuce tare da ''Da'watul Haq'' . Ayyukansa sun hada da: <ref name="chiefrector">{{Cite web |title=Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Salim Qasmi (RA) |url=https://dud.edu.in/index.php/en?id=10 |access-date=2 June 2019 |website=dud.edu.in}}</ref> * ''Mabaadi al Tarbiyat al Islami'' (Larabci) * ''Jaizah Tarjama Alkur'ani Karim'' * ''Taajdar da Arze Haram ka Paigham'' * ''Mardaan-e-Ghaazi'' * ''Ek Azeem Tarikhi Khidmat'' * ''Safar Nama Burma'' * Khutbat e Khatibul Islam (tarin jawabinsa) an buga shi a cikin kundin 5. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == Qasmi ya karbi Nishan-e-Imtiyaz (Mark of Distinction) daga Gwamnatin Masar don kasancewa fitaccen malami na yankin Indiya.<ref name="obituary">{{Cite web |date=28 April 2018 |title=Obituary: Maulana Muhammad Salim Qasmi, an ocean of knowledge |url=http://twocircles.net/2018apr28/422881.html |access-date=2 June 2019 |website=TwoCircles.net}}</ref> An ba shi lambar yabo ta Shah Waliullah ta huɗu da lambar yabo ta Imam Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi a shekarar 2014.<ref name="waliullah">{{Cite web |title=Waliullah Award presented to Maulana Salim |url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/11367-waliullah-award-presented-to-maulana-salim |access-date=2 June 2019 |website=MilliGazette.com}}</ref><ref name="imamqasim">{{Cite web |title=Imam Muhammad Qasim Nanotwi award to Maulana Salim Qasmi |url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/9927-imam-muhammad-qasim-nanotwi-award-to-maulana-salim-qasmi |access-date=2 June 2019 |website=MilliGazette.com}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Muhammad Salim Qasmi ya rasu ne a ranar Asabar 14 ga Afrilu, 2018 a Deoband, yana da shekara 92.[1][2] Makarantar Hujjatul Islam ta gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na kwanaki 3 na kasa da kasa a watan Agustan 2018 kan Rayuwa da Nasarorin Qasmi.[3] Ɗansa Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi shi ne shugaban Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband tun 3 ga Satumba 2014.[4] Jami'atul Qasim Darul Uloom Al-Islamiya ta shirya wani taron karawa juna sani na kwana daya tare da hadin gwiwar sashen ilimin addinin Musulunci na Jamia Millia Islamia kan rayuwar Qasmi da ayyukanta. An gudanar da taron karawa juna sani a dakin taro na Ansari na Jamia Millia Islamia inda Akhtarul Wasey ya halarta.[5] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] fw9kezsvdv8xf5qbc8gr6x0octaog89 0 133307 889259 773916 2026-07-30T07:00:24Z BnHamid 12586 889259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Timothy Charles Buckley III (Fabrairu 14, 1947 - Yuni 29, 1975) ya kasance mawaƙi na Amurka. Ya fara aikinsa ne a cikin dutsen gargajiya, amma daga baya ya yi gwaji tare da nau'ikan kamar psychedelia, jazz, avant-garde, da funk. Babban kasuwancinsa ya zo ne tare da kundin Happy Sad na 1969, wanda ya kai No. 81 a kan sigogi, yayin da kundin gwaji na 1970 Starsailor ya ci gaba da zama classic cult.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000595101|tab=biography|label=Artist Biography by Richie Unterberger|first=Richie|last=Unterberger|access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> Wannan na ƙarshe ya ƙunshi waƙarsa mafi sananne, "Song to the Siren". Buckley ya mutu yana da shekaru 28 daga heroin da morphine. Ya bar ɗa ɗaya na halitta, Jeff Buckley, wanda shi kansa mawaƙi ne mai daraja wanda shi ma ya mutu da ƙuruciya, da kuma ɗa mai ɗa, Taylor. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Tim Buckley a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], a Ranar soyayya, 14 ga Fabrairu, 1947, ga Elaine (née Scalia), Ba'amurke Italiya, da Timothy Charles Buckley Jr., tsohon soja na yakin duniya na biyu ɗan Baƙi na Irish daga County Cork . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=David Browne (journalist)}}</ref> Yana da 'yar'uwa mai suna Kathleen . Ya yi yarantakarsa a Amsterdam, New York, wani birni na masana'antu kimanin kilomita 40 (64) arewa maso yammacin Albany. A lokacin da yake da shekaru biyar, Buckley ya fara sauraron rikodin jazz na mahaifiyarsa, musamman Miles Davis. Rayuwar kiɗa ta Buckley ta fara ne bayan iyalinsa suka koma Bell Gardens a kudancin California a shekarar 1956. Kakarsa ta gabatar da shi ga aikin Bessie Smith da Billie Holiday, mahaifiyarsa ga Frank Sinatra da Judy Garland kuma mahaifinsa ga kiɗan ƙasar Hank Williams da Johnny Cash . [1] Lokacin da juyin juya halin kiɗa na gargajiya ya zo a farkon shekarun 1960, Buckley yana da shekaru 13 ya koya wa kansa banjo kuma, tare da abokai da yawa, ya kafa ƙungiyar mutane da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta The Kingston Trio wanda ya buga abubuwan da suka faru a makarantar sakandare ta gida.[2] == Lokacin "Jima'i == A shekara ta 1970, Buckley ya rushe ƙungiyarsa ta Starsailor kuma ya tara sabon ƙungiyar funk. Ya yanke kundi uku, ''Gaisuwa daga LA'', ''Sefronia'' da ''Dubi Wawaye'' . Buckley ya rabu da yawancin magoya bayansa na hippie tare da kundin da ya gabata guda biyu, kuma kalmominsa na jima'i ("bugawa ni, bugawa ni") sun hana waƙoƙin karɓar iska, kodayake ya riƙe mabiya addini. A shekara ta 1975, Buckley ya shiga manema labarai game da dawowar kundin rayuwa. Ya fara yin gyare-gyare na kayan da aka samo daga aikinsa, ban da Starsailor da ''Lorca,'' don mayar da martani ga masu sauraronsa, waɗanda ya ƙi a baya. == Mutuwa == A ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1975, Buckley ya kammala wani ɗan gajeren yawon shakatawa tare da wasan kwaikwayo a [[Dallas]], yana wasa ga taron mutane 1,800 da aka sayar.<ref name="HighFlyer">{{Cite web |last=Aston |first=Martin |title=The High |url=http://home.casema.nl/jim2873/timbuckley/highflyer.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022004931/http://home.casema.nl/jim2873/timbuckley/highflyer.html |archive-date=October 22, 2008 |access-date=May 4, 2008}}</ref> Ya yi bikin ƙarshen yawon shakatawa tare da karshen mako na shan giya tare da ƙungiyarsa da abokansa. A yammacin ranar 29 ga Yuni, ya bi abokinsa na dogon lokaci Richard Keeling zuwa gidansa. A wani lokaci, Keeling ya samar da jaka na heroin, <ref name="TBBioLU">{{Cite web |title=''Tim Buckley Biography'' by Lee Underwood |url=http://www.timbuckley.com/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105094037/http://www.timbuckley.com/biography/ |archive-date=January 5, 2011 |access-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref> wasu daga cikinsu Buckley ya yi numfashi. Abokan Buckley sun kai shi gida kuma, ganin yadda ya bugu, matarsa Judy ta kwantar da shi a kan bene na dakin zama kuma ta tambayi abokansa game da abin da ya faru.<ref name="TBBioLU">{{Cite web |title=''Tim Buckley Biography'' by Lee Underwood |url=http://www.timbuckley.com/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105094037/http://www.timbuckley.com/biography/ |archive-date=January 5, 2011 |access-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref> Ta tura Buckley cikin gado. Lokacin da ta bincika shi daga baya, ta gano cewa ba ya numfashi kuma ya juya shuɗi. Kokarin da abokai da likitoci suka yi don farfado da shi bai yi nasara ba, kuma an bayyana shi ya mutu lokacin da ya isa.<ref name="HighFlyer">{{Cite web |last=Aston |first=Martin |title=The High |url=http://home.casema.nl/jim2873/timbuckley/highflyer.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022004931/http://home.casema.nl/jim2873/timbuckley/highflyer.html |archive-date=October 22, 2008 |access-date=May 4, 2008}}</ref> == Hanyar da jinsi == A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Buckley ya fara haɗa abubuwa na '''jazz''', yana jawo wahayi daga mawaƙa kamar Charles Mingus da Thelonious Monk. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=David Browne (journalist)}}</ref> Kundin sa na uku, Happy Sad (1969), ya nuna canjin salo, yana gabatar da waƙoƙi masu tsawo, ingantawa, da tsarin waƙoƙin da ba na al'ada ba.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=David Browne (journalist)}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3lfa0hc6i9437ylnbfe5w33vdl7ckvm 0 134387 889296 775949 2026-07-30T07:50:41Z BnHamid 12586 889296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerald Norman Springer''' (Fabrairu 13, 1944 - Afrilu 27, 2023) ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shiryen Burtaniya da Amurka, ɗan jarida, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, lauya, kuma ɗan siyasa. An fi saninsa da karbar bakuncin shirin tattaunawa na tabloid mai rikitarwa ''Jerry Springer'' daga 1991 zuwa 2018. An lura da Springer a matsayin majagaba a fitowar "TV sharar gida"; wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi shi ne "kasuwanci na kasuwanci da al'adun al'adu" a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref name="NBC">{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, face of America's most lurid talk show, opened the era of 'trash TV' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/tv/jerry-springer-face-americas-lurid-talk-show-opened-era-trash-tv-rcna81784 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |publisher=NBC News}}</ref> An haife shi a London a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ga 'Yan gudun hijirar Yahudawa da suka tsere wa Holocaust, Springer ya girma a Queens, Birnin New York. Ya halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma, ya cancanci zama lauya, kuma ya fara shiga siyasa yana aiki don yakin neman zabe na Robert Kennedy a shekarar 1968. Wani memba na Majalisar Birnin Cincinnati, Springer ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na 56 na Cincinnati daga 1977 zuwa 1978. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labarai na gida a Cincinnati inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Emmy ta yanki goma don sharhi. Daga 2005 zuwa 2006, Springer ya dauki bakuncin ''Springer a Rediyo,'' wani shirin tattaunawa mai sassaucin ra'ayi a kan WCKY-AM na Cincinnati. Ya kasance mai karɓar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na America's Got Talent daga 2007 zuwa 2008, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin Judge Jerry daga 2019 zuwa 2022. Ya kuma dauki bakuncin The Jerry Springer Podcast daga 2015 zuwa 2022. Shekara guda bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin talabijin, Springer ya mutu daga ciwon daji a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2023 yana da shekaru 79. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Gerald Norman Springer a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1944, <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> a Tashar Highgate ta karkashin kasa ta London yayin da ake amfani da tashar a matsayin mafaka daga bama-bamai na Jamus a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Index entry |url=http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=RtqbPAuDEgqHh2af3oDs%2Bw&scan=1 |access-date=January 6, 2018 |website=FreeBMD |publisher=ONS}}</ref> Springer ya shafe shekarunsa na farko yana zaune a Chandos Road, East Finchley . Iyayensa, Margot (née Kallmann; magatakarda a banki) da Richard Springer (mai shagon takalma), 'yan gudun hijira ne na Yahudawa waɗanda suka tsere daga Landsberg an der Warthe, Prussia (yanzu Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland). Kakar mahaifiyarsa, Marie Kallmann, an kashe ta a cikin motocin gas na sansanin hallaka na Chełmno a Poland da ke zaune a Jamus. Kakar mahaifinsa, Selma Springer (née Elkeles), ta mutu a asibiti a sansanin fursuna na Theresienstadt a Czechoslovakia da ke zaune a Jamus.<ref name="Mosheim" /> Ɗan'uwan Selma Springer, Hermann Elkeles, sanannen likita ne na Berlin wanda shi ma ya mutu a sansanin fursuna na Theresienstadt . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> A watan Janairun 1948, lokacin da Springer yake da shekaru hudu, iyalinsa suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka, suka zauna a unguwar Kew Gardens na Queens, wani yanki na Birnin New York. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Forest Hills da ke kusa. Ɗaya daga cikin tunaninsa na farko game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu shine lokacin da yake da shekaru 16 kuma yana kallon Yarjejeniyar Jam'iyyar Democrat ta 1960 a talabijin inda ya ga kuma ya burge shi da Sanata [[John F. Kennedy]] na lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> Springer ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha daga Jami'ar Tulane a shekarar 1965, inda ta fi dacewa da [[kimiyyar siyasa]]. Ya sami Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Arewa maso Yammacin Pritzker a shekarar 1968. == Ayyuka == === Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Kennedy da farkon aikin lauya === Springer ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan yakin neman zabe ga dan jam'iyyar Democrat Robert F. Kennedy a shekarar 1968. Bayan Kisan Kennedy, ya fara aiki a matsayin lauya a kamfanin lauya na Cincinnati na Frost & Jacobs, yanzu Frost Brown Todd. Springer ya kasance abokin tarayya a kamfanin lauya na Grinker, Sudman & Springer daga 1973 zuwa 1985, <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> tare da tsohon wakilin NBA Ronnie Grinker (d. 1997) da kuma Butler County, Ohio, majistare Harry Sudman. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> === Ayyukan siyasa === A shekara ta 1970, Springer ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka. Ya kasa kawar da dan jam'iyyar Republican Donald D. Clancy; duk da haka, Springer ya dauki kashi 45% na kuri'un a cikin gundumar Jamhuriyar Republican ta al'ada. A baya ya jagoranci kokarin rage shekarun jefa kuri'a, gami da yin shaida a gaban Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattijai don tallafawa tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar 26. Kwanaki uku bayan ya sanar da takararsa, an kira Springer, wanda shi ma ya kasance mai ba da sabis na Sojoji a lokacin, zuwa aiki kuma an ajiye shi a Fort Knox. Ya ci gaba da kamfen dinsa bayan an sallame shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> An zabi Springer a Majalisar Birnin Cincinnati a shekarar 1971. A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1974, Springer ya yi murabus daga majalisa bayan ya yarda da neman karuwa.<ref name="plotz-slate" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> Ya gudu don ofishin a shekara ta 1975, inda ya ci nasara da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Jerry Springer, controversial daytime talk show host, dies at 79 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-dies-79/11751126002/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> An sake zabarsa a 1977 da 1979.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/whodoyouthinkyouare/new-stories/jerry-springer/how-we-did-it_2.shtml Who do you think you are] [[BBC]] documentary</ref> An dauki Springer a matsayin dan siyasa na "gonzo" tare da abubuwan da suka faru kamar zama dare a kurkuku da kuma kwace bas bayan birnin ya karɓi sabis na bas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jerry Springer, talk show host and former Cincinnati mayor, dead at 79 |url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2023/04/27/jerry-springer-talk-show-host-and-former-cincinnati-mayor-dead-at-79-report/70158206007/ |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=The Enquirer |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1977, Majalisar Birnin Cincinnati ta zabi Springer don yin aiki na shekara guda a matsayin magajin gari.<ref name="plotz-slate" /> A shekara ta 1981, Springer ya sauka daga kujerarsa a Majalisar Birnin don mayar da hankali kan tsayawa takarar gwamna na Ohio, [undefined] yana neman zaben Democrat a zaben gwamna na 1982 na Ohio. Tallace-tallace na talabijin don kamfen ɗin Springer sun yi nuni da yadda ya yi amfani da takardar kudi don biyan karuwa, yana cewa ba ya jin tsoron gaskiyar "ko da yake da lahani. " [1] [2] Ya kasa lashe zaben jam'iyyar Democrat - ya kammala na uku mai nisa a bayan tsohon mataimakin gwamnan Richard F. Celeste da Babban Lauyan Ohio William J. Brown - kuma an dakatar da aikinsa na siyasa.[3] A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen adana tashar Cincinnati Union. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bgarb6cc3jwbepmnjkofuuv8lttqjr6 0 134583 889247 776360 2026-07-30T06:49:17Z BnHamid 12586 889247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Basil na Kaisariya''', wanda kuma ake kira Saint Basil the Great (330 - 1 ko 2 Janairu 379), ya kasance Kirista na farko na Roma wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Bishop na Kaisariya Mazaca a Cappadocia daga 370 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 379.{{Efn|{{langx|grc-x-koine|Ἅγιος Βασίλειος ὁ Μέγας|Hágios Basíleios ho Mégas}}, {{IPA|el|ˈaʝi.os vaˈsili.os o ˈmeɣas|IPA}}; {{langx|cop|Ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲟⲥ|Piagios Basílios}}}} Ya kasance masanin tauhidi mai tasiri wanda ya goyi bayan addinin Nicene kuma ya yi tsayayya da ridda a cikin cocin Kirista na farko kamar [[Arianism]] da Apollinarianism . Baya ga aikinsa a matsayin masanin tauhidi, an san Basil da kula da matalauta da marasa galihu. Basil ya kafa jagororin don Rayuwar masallaci wanda ke mai da hankali kan rayuwar al'umma, addu'ar liturgical, da aikin hannu. Tare da Pachomius, ana tunawa da shi a matsayin uban monasticism na al'umma a Kristanci na Gabas. An dauke shi Mai tsarki ta al'adun Kiristanci na Gabas da Yamma. == Rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi === An haifi Basil ne a cikin dangin [[Cappadocia]]_Greeks" id="mwWw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cappadocian Greeks">Girkanci na Kappadocia na Basil the Elder da Emmelia na Kaisariya a Kaisariya Mazaca a Cappadocia a kusa da 330. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin yara goma, kuma an san iyayensa da ibada. Kakan mahaifiyarsa shahadar Kirista ce, an kashe ta a cikin shekaru kafin juyowa na Constantine I. Kakar mahaifinsa mai ibada, Macrina, mai bin Gregory Thaumaturgus (wanda ya kafa cocin da ke kusa da Neocaesarea), ya haifi Basil da 'yan uwansa hudu waɗanda yanzu ake girmama su a matsayin tsarkaka: Macrina the Younger, Naucratius, Peter na Sebaste, da Gregory na Nyssa. Basil ya sami ƙarin ilimi a Kaisariya Mazaca a Cappadocia (Kayseri na zamani) a kusa da 350-51. [1] A can ne ya sadu da Gregory na Nazianzus . [undefined] Gregory ya tafi Alexandria, yayin da Basil ya tafi Constantinople don ƙarin karatu, gami da laccocin Libanius. Daga baya su biyu sun sake haduwa a Athens kuma sun zama abokai da sauri. A can ne suka sadu da wani dalibi wanda zai zama sarki Julian the Apostate.[undefined][2] Basil ya bar Athens a shekara ta 356, kuma bayan ya yi tafiya a Misira da Siriya, ya koma Kaisariya. Kimanin shekara guda ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya kuma ya koyar da maganganu.[3] Rayuwar Basil ta canza sosai bayan ya sadu da Eustathius na Sebaste, wani bishop mai ban sha'awa kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ya bar aikinsa na shari'a da koyarwa, Basil ya ba da ransa ga Allah. A cikin wata wasika, ya bayyana farkawarsa ta ruhaniya: ==Bayanan Kula== {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9flqrbhysctuh5k0281kcpb1h5r8woj 0 136038 889256 778944 2026-07-30T06:54:01Z BnHamid 12586 889256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Seybourn Arthur Lynne''' (5 ga Yuli, 1877-?) lauya ne, ɗan majalisar dokoki na jiha, kuma alkali a Alabama. Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawa ta Alabama da Majalisar Wakilai ta Alabama, ciki har da Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai ta Alabama . Alkali Seybourn H. Lynne yana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Congressional Record, Volume 141 Issue 133 (Wednesday, August 9, 1995) |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-1995-08-09/html/CREC-1995-08-09-pt1-PgS12109-4.htm |website=www.govinfo.gov}}</ref> [[Fayil:JUDGE_SEYBOURN_H_LYNNE_HOMEPLACE_at_503_FERRY_ST_NE,_DECATUR,_AL.jpg|thumb|Gidan da ya gina a Decatur a 503 Ferry Street NE]] An haife shi kusa da Somerville, Alabama . Ya halarci makarantar koyon aikin likitanci a [[Morgan County College|Kwalejin Somerville da Morgan County]] . Ya koyar na tsawon shekara guda a wata makaranta kafin ya karanci fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Alabama. Ya kasance Baptist, Odd Fellow, kuma memba na Junior Order of United American Mechanics. <ref name="so">{{Cite web |last=DuBose |first=Joel Campbell |date=November 17, 1904 |title=Notable Men of Alabama: Personal and Genealogical |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5e7gLzzZGioC&dq=Seybourn+Arthur+Lynne&pg=PA197 |publisher=Southern historical assoc. |via=Google Books}}</ref> Ya auri Annie Leigh Harris a shekarar 1906. Darakta ne kuma lauya a kamfanoni daban-daban. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1877]] haf1h4i9ph1ikj27i0s8zm2t0oybnrx 0 136611 889294 779909 2026-07-30T07:49:35Z BnHamid 12586 889294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Archbishop '''Spyridon na Amurka''' (an haife shi '''George Papageorge''', Girkanci: ) shi ne bishop na Orthodox na Girka da ya yi ritaya na Ecumenical Patriarchate wanda ya kasance babban bishop na Archdiocese na Orthodox na Amurka daga Yuli 1997 zuwa Agusta 1999. Rikicin cikin cocin ya sa ya yi murabus a 1999, bayan haka ya yi ritaya, ba tare da ya yarda da aikinsa na gaba a matsayin Metropolitan na Chaldia ba. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Archbishop Spyridon a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1944, a Warren, Ohio kuma ɗan Clara ne da Constantine Papageorge, iyayen kabilun Girka na Amurka. Spyridon ya halarci makarantar firamare a duka Steubenville, Ohio, da Rhodes, Girka kuma ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Tarpon Springs a shekarar 1962. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar tauhidi ta Halki inda ya kammala karatu a 1966 sannan ya halarci makarantar digiri a [[Jami'ar Geneva]] a [[Switzerland]], ya ƙware a Tarihin Ikklisiyoyin Furotesta. An ba shi tallafin karatu daga Ecumenical Patriarchate, sannan ya yi karatun wallafe-wallafen Byzantine a Jami'ar Bochum a Jamus daga 1969 zuwa 1973). Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin sakatare a Wakilin Dindindin na Ikklisiya na Ikklisiyar Duniya daga 1966 zuwa 1977 kuma daga baya ya yi aiki da sakatare na Cibiyar Orthodox a Pregny-Chambésy, [[Geneva]] inda ya kasance darektan sanannen labarai "Episkepsis". A shekara ta 1976, an sanya Spyridon a matsayin dean na Greek Orthodox Community na St. Andrew a [[Rum|Roma]], inda ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1985. === Babban birni na Italiya === Kasancewarsa a [[Italiya]], inda [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ke da shahara, ya haifar da nadin sa na 1984 a matsayin Babban Sakatare na Hukumar Inter-Orthodox don Tattaunawar tauhidi tsakanin Ikklisiyoyin Orthodox da Roman Katolika. A shekara ta 1985, Majalisar Dattijai Mai Tsarki ta Ikilisiya ta zabe shi a matsayin bishop na Apamea, ta sanya shi a matsayin mataimakin bishop ga Archdiocese na Orthodox na Girka na Austria da Exarchate na Italiya, kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1991, a kan kirkirar Archdiocese na Italiya da Exarchate na Kudancin Turai, Majalisar Dattijai mai tsarki ta zabi Spyridon a matsayin Metropolitan na farko. A shekara ta 1992, an nada shi shugaban Hukumar Inter-Orthodox don Tattaunawar tauhidi tsakanin Cocin Orthodox da Tarayyar Lutheran ta Duniya. Ya kasance wakilin Ikklisiya na Ikklisiya Bartholomew a Majalisar Dattawa ta Musamman ta Bishops na Roman Katolika a Turai wanda ya faru a Roma a 1991 inda jawabinsa game da tattaunawar tauhidi tsakanin Orthodox na Gabas da Katolika ya sami yabo sosai. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5p6oi0zt721kyg0icv468xdhpp9an4e 0 137055 889298 780704 2026-07-30T07:51:38Z BnHamid 12586 889298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ioannis Hatzopoulos (Girkanci: , c. 1862-1918) ya kasance jami'in Sojojin Hellenic, wanda ya umurci Rundunar Sojoji ta IV a 1916 kuma an tsare shi tare da mutanensa a Görlitz, Jamus . An haifi Hatzopoulos a Patras a cikin kimanin 1862. Wani jami'in bindigogi ne, ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya na 1897 da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Balkan na 1912-13. A shekara ta 1916, shi ne kwamandan rundunar sojojin IV a gabashin Macedonia, tare da hedikwatarsa a Kavala.[1] Gwamnatin Girka ta kwace rundunar sojojin kuma ta sami ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi. Lokacin da Sojojin Bulgaria, tare da wasu rundunonin Jamus, suka mamaye gabashin Macedonia a watan Agusta na 1916, gwamnatin Girka ta hana Hatzopoulos yin duk wani tsayin daka. Sakamakon haka, shi da yawancin sojojinsa - jami'ai 464 da sojoji 6373 - suka miƙa wuya ga Jamusawa kuma aka tsare su har zuwa sauran yaƙin a Görlitz. Waɗannan abubuwan sun haifar da martani nan take tsakanin rundunonin sojojin Girka, tare da barkewar tawayen soja da Faransa ke marawa baya a Thessaloniki da kuma kafa Gwamnatin Wucin Gadi ta Tsaron Ƙasa a can, wanda daga ƙarshe ya haifar da shigar Girka cikin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya a gefen Entente. Hatzopoulos bai sake ganin Girka ba, saboda ya mutu a Görlitz a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1918. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rucx2sj6yx4vgekotgukhzv2814g77x 889300 889298 2026-07-30T07:52:46Z BnHamid 12586 889300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ioannis Hatzopoulos (Girkanci: , c. 1862-1918) ya kasance jami'in Sojojin Hellenic, wanda ya umurci Rundunar Sojoji ta IV a 1916 kuma an tsare shi tare da mutanensa a Görlitz, Jamus . An haifi Hatzopoulos a Patras a cikin kimanin 1862. Wani jami'in bindigogi ne, ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya na 1897 da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Balkan na 1912-13.<ref name="Enc">{{Great Military and Naval Encyclopaedia|volume=6|page=613}}</ref> A shekara ta 1916, shi ne kwamandan rundunar sojojin IV a gabashin Macedonia, tare da hedikwatarsa a Kavala.[1] Gwamnatin Girka ta kwace rundunar sojojin kuma ta sami ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi. Lokacin da Sojojin Bulgaria, tare da wasu rundunonin Jamus, suka mamaye gabashin Macedonia a watan Agusta na 1916, gwamnatin Girka ta hana Hatzopoulos yin duk wani tsayin daka. Sakamakon haka, shi da yawancin sojojinsa - jami'ai 464 da sojoji 6373 - suka miƙa wuya ga Jamusawa kuma aka tsare su har zuwa sauran yaƙin a Görlitz. Waɗannan abubuwan sun haifar da martani nan take tsakanin rundunonin sojojin Girka, tare da barkewar tawayen soja da Faransa ke marawa baya a Thessaloniki da kuma kafa Gwamnatin Wucin Gadi ta Tsaron Ƙasa a can, wanda daga ƙarshe ya haifar da shigar Girka cikin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya a gefen Entente. Hatzopoulos bai sake ganin Girka ba, saboda ya mutu a Görlitz a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1918. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rrr60df5ar54l82pq3nmp0qeubuxsxa 0 137241 889252 781122 2026-07-30T06:51:52Z BnHamid 12586 889252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Leonard Hsing Yin Shean''' ( simplified Chinese , 15 ga Yuni 1958 - 1 ga Yuni 2021) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Malaysia. Ya kasance ɗan majalisar dokoki na tsawon lokaci guda (MP) na Tanjong Aru (1986-1990). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2021 |title=Former Tg Aru MP dies from Covid-19 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/06/02/former-tg-aru-mp-dies-from-covid-19 |access-date=3 June 2021 |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> Shi ma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democrat Action Party (DAP). == Bayani == Hsing was born on 15 June 1958 and in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.<ref name="obituary">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2021 |title=Obituary: In Loving Memory of The Late Mr Leonard Hsing Yin Shean |url=https://www.facebook.com/wismafooklusiew888/posts/979002809593567 |access-date=8 June 2021 |website=Fook Lu Siew Funeral Parlour 福祿壽紀念館 |via=Facebook}}</ref> He finished his tertiary study in Architecture at University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (now known as Cardiff University). Ya auri Dorothy Cornelius Jimbangan, wata 'yar asalin Kadazan daga yankin Penampang da ke kusa da birnin, kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya mace mai suna Sonia Hsing Shiang Nee == Aikin siyasa == Hsing ya shiga DAP a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1986, a lokacin ya koma garinsu Kota Kinabalu bayan ya kammala karatunsa. Yana da shekaru 28 kacal a lokacin da aka fara zaɓensa a Majalisar Dokokin Malaysia saboda lashe kujerar tarayya ta Tanjung Aru a babban zaɓen 1986. Hsing tare da Fung Ket Wing (Sandakan), Gerard Math Lee Min (Gaya) da Samson Chin Chee Tsu (Tawau) su ne 'yan majalisa 4 na farko na DAP da suka taɓa lashe kujerun majalisa a Sabah a lokacin waɗanda suka riƙe su na tsawon wa'adi ɗaya kacal bayan shan kaye a zaɓen 1990. <ref name="LKS" /> Bayan wa'adinsa na majalisar ya ƙare, Hsing ya zama ɗan kwangila amma ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da DAP kuma yana cikin ayyukan jam'iyya, musamman a fannin hidimar al'umma a matsayin tsohon ɗan majalisa. == Mutuwa == Hsing ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2021 da ƙarfe 9:52 na dare, yana da shekaru 62 kuma yana da makonni biyu kafin ya cika shekaru 63, bayan ya yi fama da cutar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] na kusan wata guda a sashin kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) na Asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth 1 (QEH1) da ke Kota Kinabalu. An tabbatar da cewa yana da cutar COVID-19 a baya kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti a ranar 5 ga Mayu. Kanensa Tony Hsing ne ya tabbatar da mutuwarsa. An kona gawarsa a Fook Look Siew Crematorium bayan an yi masa aikin rufe gawa a QEH1 daga baya aka binne tokar a St. Joseph Benevolent Columbarium, 4½ Mile Old Penampang Road Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kota Kinabalu don binne shi na ƙarshe a ranar 5 ga Yuni bisa ga tsarin aikin COVID-19 na yau da kullun (SOP). <ref name="obituary">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2021 |title=Obituary: In Loving Memory of The Late Mr Leonard Hsing Yin Shean |url=https://www.facebook.com/wismafooklusiew888/posts/979002809593567 |access-date=8 June 2021 |website=Fook Lu Siew Funeral Parlour 福祿壽紀念館 |via=Facebook}}</ref> == Sakamakon zaɓe == {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+Majalisar Malaysia <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Arkeb Ahli Parlimen |url=http://parlimen.genpro.org/ahli-dewan.html?&uweb=dr&arkib=yes&vol=7&lang=en&_print=true |access-date= |publisher=Parlimen |language=ms}}{{Dead link}}</ref> ! Shekara ! Mazabar mazaba ! colspan="2" | 'Yan adawa ! Kuri'u ! Kwamfuta ! colspan="2" | Abokin hamayya ! Kuri'u ! Kwamfuta ! 'Yan takarar zaɓe ! Mafi rinjaye ! Hallara |- | rowspan="2" | 1986 | rowspan="6" | P145 Tanjong Aru, Sabah | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} | | rowspan="2" | '''Hsing Yin Shean''' ( <nowiki><b id="mwiQ">DAP</b></nowiki> ) | rowspan="2" | '''5,981''' | rowspan="2" | '''Kashi 54.27%''' | {{Party shading/United Sabah Party}} | | Chong Eng Leong ( PBS ) | 4,468 | Kashi 40.54% | rowspan="2" | 11,106 | rowspan="2" | 1,513 | rowspan="2" | Kashi 51.45% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | | Charles Fung Mosuil ( BERJAYA ) | 572 | 5.19% |- | rowspan="4" | 1990 | rowspan="4" {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} | | rowspan="4" | Hsing Yin Shean ( DAP ) | rowspan="4" | 2,507 | rowspan="4" | 15.20% | {{Party shading/United Sabah Party}} | | '''Joseph Voon Shin Choi''' ( <nowiki><b id="mwrA">PBS</b></nowiki> ) | '''8,504''' | '''51.55%''' | rowspan="4" | 16,671 | rowspan="4" | 3,817 | rowspan="4" | 55.97% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | | Jabar ( IND ) | 4,687 | 28.41% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | | Pandikar Amin Mulia ( AKAR ) | 763 | 4.62% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | | Charles Tulis @ Mohd Salleh ( IND ) | 37 | 0.22% |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] 6emdk12m08f4b2cpigy593xlc3gvmmb 889253 889252 2026-07-30T06:52:03Z BnHamid 12586 /* Manazarta */ 889253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Leonard Hsing Yin Shean''' ( simplified Chinese , 15 ga Yuni 1958 - 1 ga Yuni 2021) ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Malaysia. Ya kasance ɗan majalisar dokoki na tsawon lokaci guda (MP) na Tanjong Aru (1986-1990). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2021 |title=Former Tg Aru MP dies from Covid-19 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/06/02/former-tg-aru-mp-dies-from-covid-19 |access-date=3 June 2021 |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> Shi ma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Democrat Action Party (DAP). == Bayani == Hsing was born on 15 June 1958 and in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.<ref name="obituary">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2021 |title=Obituary: In Loving Memory of The Late Mr Leonard Hsing Yin Shean |url=https://www.facebook.com/wismafooklusiew888/posts/979002809593567 |access-date=8 June 2021 |website=Fook Lu Siew Funeral Parlour 福祿壽紀念館 |via=Facebook}}</ref> He finished his tertiary study in Architecture at University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (now known as Cardiff University). Ya auri Dorothy Cornelius Jimbangan, wata 'yar asalin Kadazan daga yankin Penampang da ke kusa da birnin, kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya mace mai suna Sonia Hsing Shiang Nee == Aikin siyasa == Hsing ya shiga DAP a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1986, a lokacin ya koma garinsu Kota Kinabalu bayan ya kammala karatunsa. Yana da shekaru 28 kacal a lokacin da aka fara zaɓensa a Majalisar Dokokin Malaysia saboda lashe kujerar tarayya ta Tanjung Aru a babban zaɓen 1986. Hsing tare da Fung Ket Wing (Sandakan), Gerard Math Lee Min (Gaya) da Samson Chin Chee Tsu (Tawau) su ne 'yan majalisa 4 na farko na DAP da suka taɓa lashe kujerun majalisa a Sabah a lokacin waɗanda suka riƙe su na tsawon wa'adi ɗaya kacal bayan shan kaye a zaɓen 1990. <ref name="LKS" /> Bayan wa'adinsa na majalisar ya ƙare, Hsing ya zama ɗan kwangila amma ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da DAP kuma yana cikin ayyukan jam'iyya, musamman a fannin hidimar al'umma a matsayin tsohon ɗan majalisa. == Mutuwa == Hsing ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2021 da ƙarfe 9:52 na dare, yana da shekaru 62 kuma yana da makonni biyu kafin ya cika shekaru 63, bayan ya yi fama da cutar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] na kusan wata guda a sashin kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) na Asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth 1 (QEH1) da ke Kota Kinabalu. An tabbatar da cewa yana da cutar COVID-19 a baya kuma an kwantar da shi a asibiti a ranar 5 ga Mayu. Kanensa Tony Hsing ne ya tabbatar da mutuwarsa. An kona gawarsa a Fook Look Siew Crematorium bayan an yi masa aikin rufe gawa a QEH1 daga baya aka binne tokar a St. Joseph Benevolent Columbarium, 4½ Mile Old Penampang Road Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kota Kinabalu don binne shi na ƙarshe a ranar 5 ga Yuni bisa ga tsarin aikin COVID-19 na yau da kullun (SOP). <ref name="obituary">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2021 |title=Obituary: In Loving Memory of The Late Mr Leonard Hsing Yin Shean |url=https://www.facebook.com/wismafooklusiew888/posts/979002809593567 |access-date=8 June 2021 |website=Fook Lu Siew Funeral Parlour 福祿壽紀念館 |via=Facebook}}</ref> == Sakamakon zaɓe == {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+Majalisar Malaysia <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Arkeb Ahli Parlimen |url=http://parlimen.genpro.org/ahli-dewan.html?&uweb=dr&arkib=yes&vol=7&lang=en&_print=true |access-date= |publisher=Parlimen |language=ms}}{{Dead link}}</ref> ! Shekara ! Mazabar mazaba ! colspan="2" | 'Yan adawa ! Kuri'u ! Kwamfuta ! colspan="2" | Abokin hamayya ! Kuri'u ! Kwamfuta ! 'Yan takarar zaɓe ! Mafi rinjaye ! Hallara |- | rowspan="2" | 1986 | rowspan="6" | P145 Tanjong Aru, Sabah | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} | | rowspan="2" | '''Hsing Yin Shean''' ( <nowiki><b id="mwiQ">DAP</b></nowiki> ) | rowspan="2" | '''5,981''' | rowspan="2" | '''Kashi 54.27%''' | {{Party shading/United Sabah Party}} | | Chong Eng Leong ( PBS ) | 4,468 | Kashi 40.54% | rowspan="2" | 11,106 | rowspan="2" | 1,513 | rowspan="2" | Kashi 51.45% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | | Charles Fung Mosuil ( BERJAYA ) | 572 | 5.19% |- | rowspan="4" | 1990 | rowspan="4" {{Party shading/Democratic Action Party}} | | rowspan="4" | Hsing Yin Shean ( DAP ) | rowspan="4" | 2,507 | rowspan="4" | 15.20% | {{Party shading/United Sabah Party}} | | '''Joseph Voon Shin Choi''' ( <nowiki><b id="mwrA">PBS</b></nowiki> ) | '''8,504''' | '''51.55%''' | rowspan="4" | 16,671 | rowspan="4" | 3,817 | rowspan="4" | 55.97% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | | Jabar ( IND ) | 4,687 | 28.41% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | | Pandikar Amin Mulia ( AKAR ) | 763 | 4.62% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | | Charles Tulis @ Mohd Salleh ( IND ) | 37 | 0.22% |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] safs7n4cmut2ugo4wk31uweeghq8y0k 0 137879 889254 782290 2026-07-30T06:52:35Z BnHamid 12586 889254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kazuki Kato (加藤 和樹, Katō Kazuki; 7 ga Oktoba, 1984) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma mawaƙi na Japan. An fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Daisuke Kazama, wanda aka fi sani da Kamen Rider Drake, a cikin Kamen Rider Kabuto da Keigo Atobe a cikin Prince of Tennis musicals . A shekara ta 2011, ya kafa ƙungiyar da ake kira Joker kuma an fara buga waƙoƙin su na farko a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2011. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Wasan kwaikwayo === * ''Kamen Rider Kabuto'' (2006-2007) a matsayin Daisuke Kazama / Kamen Ride Drake <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:風間大介 |trans-title=Daisuke Kazama |url=https://www.kamen-rider-official.com/zukan/characters/2303 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.kamen-rider-official.com |language=ja}}</ref> * ''Jigoku Shoujo'' (2006-2007) a matsayin Ichimoku Ren * Hotaru no Hikari: Yana da ɗan haske kaɗan a rayuwata (2007) a matsayin Teshima Makoto * Cafe Kichijouji na (2008) a matsayin Ryo Shirota * Indigo no yoru (2010) a matsayin Yuya * Oddboys (2024) a matsayin Keita Kamoshida === Fim din === * ''Kamen Rider Kabuto: Allah Speed Love'' (2006) a matsayin Daisuke Kazama / Kamen Ride Drake * ''Kamen Rider The Next'' (2007) a matsayin Shiro Kazami / Kamen Rider V3 * ''Monster X ya sake dawowa / ya kai hari kan taron G8'' (2008) a matsayin Sanpei * Kamigakari [ja] (2008) * Happy datsu [ja] (2008) a matsayin Keisuke Shinozuka * ''Neko Rahmen Taisho'' (2008) a matsayin Tanaka * Koikyokusei [ja] (2009) * Wangan Midnight (2009) a matsayin Tatsuya Shima * Sanada 10 Braves (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:風間大介 |trans-title=Daisuke Kazama |url=https://www.kamen-rider-official.com/zukan/characters/2303 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.kamen-rider-official.com |language=ja}}</ref> * ''Kaitō Sarauniya wa Circus ga Osuki'' (2022) a matsayin Joker <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2021 |title=Kaitō Queen wa Circus ga Osuki Theatrical Anime's Teaser Video Reveals Main Cast, Early Summer 2022 Debut |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-11/kaito-queen-wa-circus-ga-osuki-theatrical-anime-teaser-video-reveals-main-cast-early-summer-2022-/.180539 |access-date=December 12, 2021 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> * ''Rose na Versailles'' (2025) a matsayin Hans Axel von Fersen <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2024 |title=New Rose of Versailles Anime Film's 2nd Teaser Unveils Cast, Staff, Early 2025 Opening |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-07-01/new-rose-of-versailles-anime-film-2nd-teaser-unveils-cast-staff-early-2025-opening/.212699 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701224959/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-07-01/new-rose-of-versailles-anime-film-2nd-teaser-unveils-cast-staff-early-2025-opening/.212699 |archive-date=July 1, 2024 |access-date=July 2, 2024 |website=Anime News Network}}</ref> * ''Kaitō Sarauniya no Yūga na Kyūka'' (2025) a matsayin Joker <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pineda |first=Rafael Antonio |date=December 18, 2024 |title=Mirage Queen vacances élégantes Anime Film's Video Reveals Cast, Staff, May 23 Debut |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-12-18/mirage-queen-vacances-elegantes-anime-film-video-reveals-cast-staff-may-23-debut/.219241 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219044229/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-12-18/mirage-queen-vacances-elegantes-anime-film-video-reveals-cast-staff-may-23-debut/.219241 |archive-date=December 19, 2024 |access-date=December 19, 2024 |website=[[Anime News Network]] |language=en}}</ref> === Gidan wasan kwaikwayo === * ''Wasan Imperial Hyotei'' (2005) a matsayin Keigo Atobe * Wasan Imperial Hyoutei a cikin Winter (2005-2006) a matsayin Keigo Atobe * Dream Live 3rd (2006) a matsayin Keigo Atobe * ''Ci gaba Wasan Rokkaku. Hyotei Gakuen'' (2006) a matsayin Keigo Atobe * ''bambino+'' (2006; Ayyukan Bidiyo) a matsayin Nazo no otoko (Mutumin sirri) * ''babino2'' (2007; saboda haka) a matsayin Aoyama Ryuichi * ''Kasancewar Imperial Hyoutei Gakuen feat. Higa Chuu'' (2008) a matsayin Keigo Atobe * ''Senbonzakura'' (2013 Musical) a matsayin Kaito * Dream Live 4th (2013; Bidiyo Performance) a matsayin Keigo Atobe) * ''Romeo da Juliet'' (2014 Musical) a matsayin Tybalt * ''Lady Bess'' (2014 Musical) a matsayin Robin Blake * Phantom (2023) a matsayin Erik / The Phantom <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:風間大介 |trans-title=Daisuke Kazama |url=https://www.kamen-rider-official.com/zukan/characters/2303 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.kamen-rider-official.com |language=ja}}</ref> * ''Frankenstein'' (2017, 2020, 2025; Musical) a matsayin Henri Dupre * Fist of the North Star The Musical (2021) a matsayin Toki * ''Rurouni Kenshin Musical: Kyoto Arc'' (2022) a matsayin Hiko Seijūrō * Ka zo daga Away (2024) a matsayin Bob * ''Ƙaunar Ba ta Mutu'' (2025) a matsayin Raoul * ''Mai kisan Aljanu: Swordsmith Village Arc'' (2025) a matsayin Kokushibō <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:風間大介 |trans-title=Daisuke Kazama |url=https://www.kamen-rider-official.com/zukan/characters/2303 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=www.kamen-rider-official.com |language=ja}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] khmutfaxaxc6fhfpuu9nacdtzevnu1q 0 139934 888931 794103 2026-07-29T13:09:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Naia Butler-Craig''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1997) ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar Amurka ce kuma injiniyan sararin samaniya . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == A shekarar 2017, Butler-Craig ta yi aikin ɗaurin kurkuku a NASA Glenn, tana aiki a kan bincike kan CubeSats a matsayin mai horon injiniyan tsarin. Ta hanyar bincikenta, ta yanke shawara game da yiwuwar ƙara ƙarfin lantarki ba tare da zafi sosai ba. A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2017, Butler-Craig ta halarci wani taron karawa juna sani da Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta dauki nauyin shiryawa a Jami'ar Aeronautical ta Embry-Riddle a matsayin malamar McNair kuma ta gabatar da bincikenta daga lokacin da ta yi a NASA Glenn. Tun daga shekarar 2022, ta kasance ma'aikaciyar bincike kan fasahar sararin samaniya ta NASA a dakin gwaje-gwajen samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin wutar lantarki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-13 |title=Naia Butler-Craig Selected for 2020 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Grant |url=https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021190447/https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |archive-date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Georgia Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref> Ta shiga Georgia Tech don ci gaba da binciken digirinta na uku kan samar da wutar lantarki bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University sannan ta yi aiki a reshen Tsarin Fasaha ta Sararin Samaniya da Kimiyya a Cibiyar Bincike ta NASA Glenn . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=VanguardSTEM |date=2018-05-02 |title=Naia Butler-Craig |url=https://conversations.vanguardstem.com/wcwinstem-naia-butler-craig-f42ab86e2ed3 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Medium |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leman |first=Jennifer |date=2020-02-11 |title=These 10 Women Are Changing the Way We Talk About Science |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/g30878395/women-science/ |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ba da shawara == A lokacin da take makarantar sakandare, Butler-Craig ta shiga sansanin Tech Sassy Girlz, kuma an yi mata karin haske a wani labarin da ya gabata game da tara kuɗi don aikin. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-13 |title=Naia Butler-Craig Selected for 2020 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Grant |url=https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021190447/https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |archive-date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Georgia Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar 'Yan Matan Baƙaƙe a STEM—wani shiri na tallata 'yan mata da mata Baƙaƙe don zama abin koyi ga matasa masana kimiyya—kuma tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar Babi na Ƙungiyar Mata a Binciken Sararin Samaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leman |first=Jennifer |date=2020-02-11 |title=These 10 Women Are Changing the Way We Talk About Science |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/g30878395/women-science/ |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutukar shawo kan wariyar launin fata a kimiyya, NowThis News ta haskaka Butler-Craig a cikin wani bidiyo na 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-13 |title=Naia Butler-Craig Selected for 2020 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Grant |url=https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021190447/https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |archive-date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Georgia Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref> kuma ta yi magana da kafofin watsa labarai ciki har da labaran ''The Atlantic,'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leman |first=Jennifer |date=2020-02-11 |title=These 10 Women Are Changing the Way We Talk About Science |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/g30878395/women-science/ |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> Space.com, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-13 |title=Naia Butler-Craig Selected for 2020 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Grant |url=https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021190447/https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |archive-date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Georgia Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leman |first=Jennifer |date=2020-02-11 |title=These 10 Women Are Changing the Way We Talk About Science |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/g30878395/women-science/ |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma shirin All Things Aviation game da ranar da jirgin ruwan Perseverance ya sauka a duniyar Mars. Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Jiragen Sama ta Bakar fata ta yi hira da ita a cikin wani wallafe-wallafe na 2021 da ke raba ayyukanta a fannin jiragen sama <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2021 |title=Naia Butler-Craig Dream Chasing to Become an Astronaut |url=https://obap.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Dreams2Careers-Magazine.pdf |website=Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals |pages=14–15}}</ref> kuma ta raba bidiyonta tana tattauna aikinta a cikin shirin ƙaddamar da 'Yan Mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GirlsLaunch Digital Library |url=https://obap.org/girls-launch-library/ |website=Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals}}</ref> Butler-Craig ta kuma tattauna batun tura sararin samaniya a cikin shirin NPR na Short Wave == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == An naɗa Butler-Craig a matsayin "Mamba ta Shekara" ta Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi Baƙaƙe ta Ƙasa, Yankin III a shekarar 2018. <ref name=":0"/> A shekarar 2019, shirin Mars Generation ya sanya mata suna a cikin waɗanda suka lashe kyautar sararin samaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-13 |title=Naia Butler-Craig Selected for 2020 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Grant |url=https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021190447/https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |archive-date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Georgia Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2020 ta sami kyautar Jagoran Fasaha ta Zamani, wani ɓangare na Kyautar Injiniya Baƙaƙe na Shekara, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leman |first=Jennifer |date=2020-02-11 |title=These 10 Women Are Changing the Way We Talk About Science |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/g30878395/women-science/ |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ''Popular Mechanic'' ya sanya mata suna ɗaya daga cikin mata goma da za su biyo baya a Twitter. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-13 |title=Naia Butler-Craig Selected for 2020 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Grant |url=https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021190447/https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |archive-date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Georgia Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref> An nuna ta a cikin jerin Forbes 30 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 30 na Kimiyya na 2021 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar wajen haɓaka bambancin ra'ayi a STEM . <ref name="forbes30">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Forbes 30 under 30: Science, Naia Butler-Craig |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/naia-butler-craig/?list=30under30-science&sh=9b3b9792f7a3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212140159/https://www.forbes.com/profile/naia-butler-craig/?list=30under30-science&sh=9b3b9792f7a3 |archive-date=2022-02-12 |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Forbes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leman |first=Jennifer |date=2020-02-11 |title=These 10 Women Are Changing the Way We Talk About Science |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/g30878395/women-science/ |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, a matsayinta na babbar memba a ƙungiyar ''Black In Astro'', ita, tare da sauran manyan membobin, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Royal Annie Maunder. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-13 |title=Naia Butler-Craig Selected for 2020 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Grant |url=https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021190447/https://ae.gatech.edu/news/2020/04/naia-butler-craig-selected-2020-nasa-space-technology-graduate-research-grant |archive-date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2020-12-12 |website=Georgia Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dc2kd0kqt5lbly0fa399wyyj4epmcbs 0 140013 889029 815431 2026-07-29T15:41:32Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Leyah''' ( '''Leah''' ) '''Chase''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> (née '''Lange''' ; Janairu 6, 1923 - Yuni 1, 2019) ƙwararriyar mai dafa abinci ce 'yar [[Amurkawa|Amurka]] da ke zaune a [[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]] . Marubuciya kuma mai hazaka a talabijin, an san ta da '''Sarauniyar Abincin Creole''', tana fafutukar fasahar Baƙar fata da girkin Creole . Gidan abincinta, Dooky Chase, an san shi da wurin taruwa a shekarun 1960 tsakanin mutane da yawa waɗanda suka shiga cikin [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama]], kuma an san shi da gidan tarihi saboda tarin fasahar Baƙar fata da Amurkawa. A shekarar 2018 an sanya masa suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan gidajen cin abinci 40 na shekaru 40 da suka gabata ta ''Food &amp;amp; Wine'' . Chase ta sami kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa. A cikin tarihin rayuwarta ta 2002, kyaututtuka da kyaututtukan Chase sun mamaye shafuka biyu. <ref>name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |last=Judy Walker, The Times-Picayune |date=July 2, 2009 |title=The Queen of Creole Cuisine's latest honor is a museum gallery |url=http://www.nola.com/food/index.ssf/2009/07/the_queen_of_creole_cuisines_l.html |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=NOLA.com}}</ref> An shigar da Chase cikin Gidauniyar James Beard mai suna Who's Who of Food & Beverage in America a 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> An karrama ta da kyautar nasara ta rayuwa daga Southern Foodways Alliance a 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SFA &#124; Hall of Fame &#124; Lifetime Achievement Award &#124; Leah Chase |url=http://www.southernfoodways.com/hall_of_fame/lifetime/lifetime_awards_chase.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131405/http://www.southernfoodways.com/hall_of_fame/lifetime/lifetime_awards_chase.html |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Southernfoodways.com}}</ref> Chase ta sami digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Tulane, Jami'ar Dillard, <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2009 |title=New Orleans, Louisiana Local News |url=http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/index.ssf?/base/news-28/12103969076970.xml&coll=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906101041/http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/index.ssf?/base/news-28/12103969076970.xml&coll=1 |archive-date=September 6, 2012 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Nola.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Children's Defense Fund: Children's Defense Fund |url=http://cdf.childrensdefense.org/site/PageServer?pagename=LA_BTO#chase |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813071737/http://cdf.childrensdefense.org/site/PageServer?pagename=LA_BTO#chase |archive-date=August 13, 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Cdf.childrensdefense.org}}</ref> Our Lady of Holy Cross College, Madonna College, Loyola University New Orleans, <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 24, 2009 |title=Gov. Jindal, Guantanamo attorney to speak at 2009 Loyola commencement – Herbie Hancock to receive honorary degree – Loyola University New Orleans |url=http://noah.loyno.edu/news/story/2009/4/24/1739 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Noah.loyno.edu |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719231733/http://noah.loyno.edu/news/story/2009/4/24/1739 |url-status=dead }}</ref> da Johnson &amp;amp; Wales University . An ba ta lambar yabo ta Times-Picayune Loving Cup a 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Loving Cup winners |url=http://www.timespicayune.com/MainArt/tp-lovingcup.pdf |access-date=July 29, 2012 |archive-date=June 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617070821/http://www.timespicayune.com/MainArt/tp-lovingcup.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eliot Kamenitz / The Times-Picayune |title=Leah Chase selected for 1997 T-P Loving Cup |url=http://www.nola.com/living/index.ssf/2009/01/leah_chase_selected_for_1997_t.html |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=NOLA.com}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Abinci da Abin Sha na Southern da ke [[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]], an sanya mata suna a matsayin gidan tarihi na dindindin don girmama Chase a 2009. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Leah Chase ga iyayen Katolika Creole, a ranar 6 ga Janairun shekarar 1923, a Madisonville, Louisiana . <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> Kakanninta sun haɗa da 'yan Afirka, Faransanci, da Sifaniyanci. Mahaifin Chase mai kauri ne a Jahncke Shipyard kuma kakarta ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma ungozoma. Chase ita ce ta biyu mafi tsufa a cikin yara 13, a cewar ''jaridar The New York Times'' ; wasu majiyoyi sun ba da rahoton cewa tana da 'yan'uwa 10 ko 13 <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Pope |first=John |date=June 2, 2019 |title=Leah Chase, New Orleans' matriarch of Creole cuisine, dead at 96 |url=https://www.nola.com/news/2019/06/leah-chase-new-orleans-matriarch-of-creole-cuisine-dead-at-96-family.html |access-date=June 2, 2019 |website=nola.com |language=en-US}}</ref> . Tana da shekaru shida lokacin da [[Great Depression|Babban Bala'in Yaɗuwa]] ya faru kuma daga baya ta tuna cewa sun rayu a kan amfanin gona da iyalin suka [[shuka]] kansu [[Kuɓewa|- okra]], wake, [[ganye]] - da tufafin da aka yi da buhu waɗanda ke ɗauke da shinkafa da gari . Yaran sun taimaka wajen noma ƙasar, musamman a gonar strawberry mai fadin eka 20 da dangin mahaifinta suka mallaka, wanda Chase ya bayyana a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na iliminta na abinci:<blockquote>Kullum ina cewa yana da kyau a zo a ƙaramin gari na karkara domin ana koya game da dabbobi. Yara a yau ba su san abincin da suke ci ba. Idan ka zo a wani gari na ƙauye, inda ake noma, kiwon shanu, kiwon kaji, ka san waɗannan abubuwan ... Lokacin da muka je girkin strawberries, dole ne mu yi tafiya mai nisa mil huɗu ko biyar a cikin daji kuma ka koyi abin da za ka iya ci. Ka san za ka iya cin wannan mayhaw, za ka iya cin muscadines . Ka san hakan, kana girma a cikin daji. Ka san abubuwa kawai. Ya kamata ka yaba da abubuwa. </blockquote>Madisonville, wani gari da aka ware, ba shi da makarantar sakandare ta Katolika ga yara baƙar fata, don haka Chase ya ƙaura zuwa [[New Orleans]] don zama tare da dangi da kuma neman ilimin Katolika a Kwalejin St. Mary . Asalin Chase ya fi mayar da hankali ne a Louisiana, inda kakanin kaka ɗaya ne kawai aka haifa a wani wuri. Kakanin ta ya ƙunshi kabilu da dama, ciki har da Baƙar fata, Sifaniyanci, da Faransanci. Kakanninta sun haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin Baƙar fata na farko da ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta Jihar Louisiana (1868–1870). == Farkon aikina == Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Leah ta riƙe wasu ayyuka, ciki har da yin alama a allon doki na wani mai yin biki a New Orleans, inda ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi hakan kuma mai kula da 'yan dambe biyu marasa ƙwarewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> Aikin da Chase ya fi so shi ne yin aiki a matsayin mai hidimar abinci a Gidan Abinci na Colonial da The Coffee Pot (wanda aka sake masa suna "Cafe Beignet at the Old Coffee Pot") <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> a cikin French Quarter da ke New Orleans tare da biyan "$1 a rana". <ref>{{Cite web |title=SFA &#124; Hall of Fame &#124; Lifetime Achievement Award &#124; Leah Chase |url=http://www.southernfoodways.com/hall_of_fame/lifetime/lifetime_awards_chase.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131405/http://www.southernfoodways.com/hall_of_fame/lifetime/lifetime_awards_chase.html |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Southernfoodways.com}}</ref> == Gidan cin abinci na Dooky Chase == A shekarar 1946, ta auri mai busar jazz kuma shugaban ƙungiyar mawaƙa Edgar "Dooky" Chase II. Iyayensa suna da wurin tsayawa a gefen titi a Tremé, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1941, wanda ke sayar da tikitin caca da sandwiches na po-boy na gida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> Chase ta fara aiki a ɗakin girki a gidan cin abinci a shekarun 1950, kuma bayan wani lokaci, Leah da Dooky suka karɓi wurin tsayawa suka mayar da shi wurin zama, Gidan Abinci na Dooky Chase . Daga ƙarshe ta sabunta menu don nuna girke-girke na Creole na iyalinta da kuma girke-girke - kamar Shrimp Clemenceau - in ba haka ba ana samun su ne kawai a wuraren da fararen fata kawai ke zaune inda aka hana ta da masu kula da ita. A shekarar 2018, ''Food & Wine'' ta sanya gidan cin abinci a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan gidajen cin abinci 40 na shekaru 40 da suka gabata. <ref name="yagodaF&W10aug2018">{{Cite web |last=Yagoda |first=Maria |title=The 40 Most Important Restaurants of the Past 40 Years |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/lifestyle/40-most-important-restaurants-past-40-years |access-date=February 9, 2019 |publisher=Food & Wine}}</ref> === Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a === Dooky Chase ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al'ummomin baƙar fata na New Orleans, kuma zuwa shekarun 1960, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wuraren jama'a kawai a New Orleans inda Baƙar fata Amurkawa za su iya haɗuwa su tattauna dabarun yayin [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a]] . Leah da mijinta Edgar za su karɓi baƙuncin masu shirya kamfen ɗin yin rijistar masu zaɓe baƙar fata, NAACP, tarurrukan siyasa na baƙar fata da sauran shugabannin farar hula da yawa a gidan abincinsu, gami da shugabannin kare haƙƙin jama'a na gida A.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwrw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>P. Tureaud da Ernest "Dutch" Morial, sannan daga baya [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] da [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Freedom Riders]] . Za su yi tarurrukan sirri da tattaunawa kan dabarun sirri a ɗakunan taronta na sama yayin da take ba su gumbo da soyayyen kaza . Dooky Chase ta shahara sosai har duk da cewa jami'an yankin sun san game da waɗannan tarurrukan "ba bisa ƙa'ida ba", jami'an tsaro na birni ko na yankin ba za su iya hana su ko rufe ƙofofi ba saboda haɗarin fuskantar martanin jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> <ref name=":3"/> Gidan cin abinci na Dooky Chase ya kasance muhimmin wuri lokacin da King da Freedom Riders suka zo don koyo daga Baton Rouge Bus Boycott . Yayin da King da Freedom Riders suka fara shirya kauracewa bas a [[Montgomery]], za su yi taro da shugabannin farar hula daga New Orleans da Baton Rouge a ɗakunan taro na Dooky Chase don koyo game da kauracewa bas a Baton Rouge. Tsarin da kuma tsarin kauracewa bas na Montgomery ya samo asali ne daga kauracewa a Baton Rouge. Duk da cewa babu bankuna mallakar baƙar fata a cikin al'ummomin 'yan Afirka-Amurka, mutane kan je Dooky Chase a ranakun Juma'a, inda Leah Chase da mijinta za su karɓi ceki ga amintaccen abokan ciniki a mashaya. Daren Juma'a ya zama ruwan dare, domin mutane za su karɓi ceki, su sha abin sha, sannan su yi odar wani ɗan kasuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> [[Fayil:DookyChase8May.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan cin abinci na Dooky Chase wanda har yanzu ana iya ganin layukan ambaliyar ruwa, a watan Mayu na 2006.]] === Tarin zane-zane === Chase ta yi karatun fasaha a makarantar sakandare, <ref name=":3"/> amma saboda an raba gidajen tarihi a [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow South]], tana da shekaru 54 a karon farko da ta ziyarci wani gidan tarihi na fasaha, tare da Celestine Cook . Cook ita ce Ba’amurke ɗan Afirka ta farko da ta zauna a kwamitin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na New Orleans, wanda Chase shi ma ya shiga a 1972. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> Chase ta fara ba da tallafin buɗe gidajen tarihi ga masu fasaha na farko a lokacin 'Yancin Bil'adama, <ref name=":3" /> kuma ta fara tattara zane-zanen Ba’amurke ɗan Afirka bayan mijinta ya ba ta zanen Jacob Lawrence . Ba da daɗewa ba ta fara nuna zane-zane da sassaka da dama na masu fasaha 'yan Afirka kamar [[Elizabeth Catlett]] da John T. Biggers, <ref name=":4" /> da kuma hayar mawakan gida don su yi wasa a mashayarta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> Baya ga yin aiki a kwamitin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na New Orleans, tana cikin kwamitin Majalisar Fasaha ta New Orleans, Gidan Tarihi na Yara na Louisiana, Ƙungiyar Urban ta Greater New Orleans, da Gidauniyar Greater New Orleans. <ref name=":3" /> === Guguwar Katrina === Wurin Dooky Chase na Unguwar 6 ta New Orleans ya fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa sakamakon guguwar Katrina, kuma Chase da mijinta sun shafe fiye da shekara guda suna zaune a cikin tirela ta FEMA a gefen titi daga gidan abincin. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Pope |first=John |date=June 2, 2019 |title=Leah Chase, New Orleans' matriarch of Creole cuisine, dead at 96 |url=https://www.nola.com/news/2019/06/leah-chase-new-orleans-matriarch-of-creole-cuisine-dead-at-96-family.html |access-date=June 2, 2019 |website=nola.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Domin ceton tarin fasahar Chase ta Baƙar fata-Amurkawa daga lalacewa, jikanta ya ajiye tarin fasahar a cikin ma'ajiyar. Al'ummar gidan abincin New Orleans sun taru a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2006 (Alhamis Mai Tsarki) don gudanar da wani fa'ida, <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> suna cajin $75 zuwa $500 ga kowane mutum don gumbo z'herbes, soyayyen kaza, da pudding na burodi a wani gidan cin abinci mai kyau na French Quarter. Baƙi sun cinye galan 50 na gumbo kuma sun tara $40,000 ga Mrs. Chase mai shekaru 82. Yayin da take aiki don sake buɗe gidan abincin, Chase ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar mata ta Storm, ƙungiyar mata daga unguwannin birnin waɗanda suka haɗu don neman kuɗi don dawo da New Orleans da sauran al'ummomi bayan guguwar Katrina da Rita . <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SFA &#124; Hall of Fame &#124; Lifetime Achievement Award &#124; Leah Chase |url=http://www.southernfoodways.com/hall_of_fame/lifetime/lifetime_awards_chase.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131405/http://www.southernfoodways.com/hall_of_fame/lifetime/lifetime_awards_chase.html |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Southernfoodways.com}}</ref> Chase tana ɗaya daga cikin matan da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyar da ta tashi zuwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don yin magana da Majalisa da Fadar White House. <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2009 |title=New Orleans, Louisiana Local News |url=http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/index.ssf?/base/news-28/12103969076970.xml&coll=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906101041/http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/index.ssf?/base/news-28/12103969076970.xml&coll=1 |archive-date=September 6, 2012 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Nola.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Children's Defense Fund: Children's Defense Fund |url=http://cdf.childrensdefense.org/site/PageServer?pagename=LA_BTO#chase |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813071737/http://cdf.childrensdefense.org/site/PageServer?pagename=LA_BTO#chase |archive-date=August 13, 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Cdf.childrensdefense.org}}</ref> === Sake buɗewa da kuma yabo === Bayan sake buɗe ƙofofin Dooky Chase's, Leah Chase ta ciyar da abincin Creole ɗinta ga manyan mutane da yawa, ciki har da Shugabannin Amurka [[George W. Bush]] da [[Barack Obama]] . <ref name=":3"/> Wanda aka fi sani da Sarauniyar Creole Cuisine, Leah Chase ta lashe kyaututtuka da nasarori da yawa a rayuwarta. NOLA.com ta ba ta kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Kaza Soyayye a New Orleans" a 2014. Ta sami kyautar James Beard Lifetime Achievement a 2016 saboda aikinta na rayuwa, wanda ya yi tasiri mai kyau da ɗorewa kan yadda mutane ke ci, dafa abinci, da kuma tunanin abinci a New Orleans. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> Shahararrun masu dafa abinci a duniya, kamar John Besh da Emeril Lagasse, sun girmama Leah Chase kuma sun yaba mata da ingantaccen abincin Creole . Chase ya ciyar da shahararrun mutane, 'yan siyasa da masu fafutuka, kamar Hank Aaron, [[Bill Cosby]], Lena Horne, [[James Baldwin]], da sauran fitattun mutane a cikin al'ummar Baƙar fata. A cikin waƙar "Early in the Morning," [[Ray Charles]] ya rera, "Na je Dooky Chase don in kawo mini wani abu da zan ci." <ref name=":3" /> Kamfanin Dooky Chase ya yi aiki a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin shekarun bayan guguwar Katrina. Chase ta yi tunanin gidan abincinta a matsayin wani nau'in zamani na abin da yake a da. A lokacin da za ta sayar da sandwiches da kayan ciye-ciye daga taga mai hawa sama, mashayar za ta sake zama cibiyar zamantakewa a cikin al'umma, kuma gidan abincinta zai kasance a buɗe don cin abincin rana da abincin dare tare da menu mai tsawo don mutane da yawa su ji daɗin abincinta. A cewar iyalan Chase, lokutan aiki da menu mai iyaka an yi niyya ne don ceton Leah Chase daga "dabi'ar aikinta." Chase ta ci gaba da aiki a ɗakin girkin Dooky Chase da kuma abubuwan da suka girmama ta, har sai da ta shiga asibiti 'yan kwanaki kafin 18 ga Afrilu, 2019. A cikin 'yan shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarta, shugaba John Folse ya fara yin gumbo z'herbes na gargajiya don abincin rana na Alhamis Mai Tsarki na shekara-shekara, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Chase. == Mutuwa da gado == Chase ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2019, tana da shekaru 96. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> An yi [[Cocin katolika|mata]] jana'iza a Cocin St. Peter Claver da ke New Orleans. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SFA &#124; Hall of Fame &#124; Lifetime Achievement Award &#124; Leah Chase |url=http://www.southernfoodways.com/hall_of_fame/lifetime/lifetime_awards_chase.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131405/http://www.southernfoodways.com/hall_of_fame/lifetime/lifetime_awards_chase.html |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2011 |publisher=Southernfoodways.com}}</ref> === A cikin kafofin watsa labarai === A shekara ta 2007, Chase ta fito a ''shirin Fetch!'' ''tare da Ruff Ruffman'', inda ta taimaka wa masu fafatawa wajen dafa gumbo don gasa. A cikin 2012, shirin Tennessee Williams na New Orleans na gargajiya mai suna ''A Streetcar Named Desire'', wanda ke da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na [[Afirkawan Amurka|Afirka-Amurka]], an canza ambaton gidan cin abinci na Galatoire (wanda aka ware a lokacin wasan kwaikwayon bayan yakin 1940s) zuwa ambaton Dooky Chase's Restaurant, wanda aka haɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> Leah Chase ita ma ta kasance abin koyi ga babbar jarumar Tiana a cikin fim ɗin Disney mai rai na 2009 ''The Princess and the Frog'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> A cikin wani shiri na 2017 na Travel Channel 's ''Man v. Food'', mai masaukin baki Casey Webb ya ziyarci Dooky Chase don gwada sanannen gumbo na Creole. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Miss Leah ta fito a matsayinta a cikin shirin Season 2 na NCIS: New Orleans . === Gidauniyar Iyali ta Chase === A shekarar 2013, Chase da mijinta Edgar "Dooky" Chase Jr. sun kafa Gidauniyar Iyali ta Edgar "Dooky" Jr. da Leah Chase. A cewar gidan yanar gizon su na hukuma, an kafa Gidauniyar Iyali ta Edgar "Dooky" Jr. da Leah Chase don "inganta da tallafawa ƙungiyoyin da aka hana su damar zama ta hanyar ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ilimi, fasaha da girki, da adalci a zamantakewa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> Bayan ta shafe rayuwarta tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a, tallafawa masu fasaha da mawaƙa na gida, da kuma samar da abincin creole na asali, wannan gidauniyar ta kasance wani ƙarin abin da take so. Ta hanyar wannan gidauniya, iyalin Chase sun shirya tarurrukan tara kuɗi da dama don tallafawa ilimin yara kamar kiɗa, fasaha da tarihi. Kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyi da yawa na gida sun ɗauki nauyin gidauniyar su, kamar Liberty Bank, Metro Disposal, Popeyes, Entergy New Orleans da sauransu da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> == Littattafan Girki == * ''Littafin Girke-girke na Dooky Chase'' (1990) * ''Kuma Har Yanzu Ina Cook'' (2003) * ''Lafiya a Gida : Girke-girken Iyali na Masu Girki Baƙar fata na Amurka'' (1994) == Zane-zane == Daga ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2012, zuwa 16 ga Satumba, 2012, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na New Orleans ya nuna Leah Chase: Paintings na Gustave Blache III . An baje kolin ne da wani mai dafa abinci Leah Chase a cikin kicin da ɗakin cin abinci a Gidan Abinci na Dooky Chase. Da aka tambaye ta ko tana ganin an yi zane daidai, Chase, mai shekaru 89, ta ce matashin mai zane ya yi daidai. "Na gaya masa, 'Da ka sa ni kama da [[Halle Berry]] ko Lena Horne, amma ka sa ya yi kama da ni,'" in ji ta. <ref name="MacCash Leah Chase NPG">{{Cite web |last=MacCash |first=Doug |date=February 8, 2012 |title=Leah Chase likeness enshrined in the National Portrait Gallery |url=http://www.nola.com/arts/index.ssf/2012/02/leah_chase_joins_other_famous.html |access-date=July 7, 2014 |website=The Times-Picayune}}</ref> == A cikin Smithsonian == === Tufafi === Rigar mai dafa abinci ja wadda Chase ya mallaka kuma ya yi amfani da ita tana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi da Al'adun Baƙar fata na Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> === Zane-zane === Zane na Blache, ''Cutting Squash'', daga baje kolin da aka yi a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na New Orleans an siya shi ne don tarinsa na dindindin ta Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> "Muna neman hotunan fitattun mutane a ƙasa koyaushe," in ji Brandon Fortune (babban mai kula da kayan tarihi ). "Hoto ne mai ban sha'awa na wata mace a wurin aiki, tana yin aiki mai sauƙi, tana yanke kabewa ... Amma a wasu hanyoyi yana wuce na yau da kullun kuma yana zama wani abu mai mahimmanci na ƙasa." <ref name="nolacom" /> Chase yana da zane-zane guda biyu mallakar Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi da Al'adu na Baƙar fata na Amurka na Smithsonian daga jerin Blache, <ref name="red coat">{{Cite web |last=Hollis |first=Dr. Sara |date=January 22, 2015 |title=Second Painting from Gustave Blache III's Leah Chase Series Acquired by Smithsonian |url=http://theneworleanstribune.com/second-painting-from-gustave-blache-iiis-leah-chase-series-acquired-by-smithsonian/ |access-date=July 7, 2019 |website=[[The New Orleans Tribune]] }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ciki har da ''Leah Red Coat Stirring (Sketch)'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=report |first=Advocate staff |date=June 2019 |title=Leah Chase: Read family's statement on death of famed New Orleans restaurateur, chef |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/entertainment_life/food_restaurants/article_33f3b95e-84f1-11e9-9dbc-7b10b17dafa7.html |website=The Advocate}}</ref> === Kasidar Nunin Nunin === An buga kundin nunin ''Leah Chase: Zane-zane'' na Gustave Blache III ta Hudson Hills Press a kaka ta 2012. == Duba kuma == * Abincin Creole * Abincin Cajun == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hrfg3v7uovmneslct2wf8ink3ea3vs9 0 140197 889012 865738 2026-07-29T15:30:24Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sonya Clark''' Listen ⓘ (an haife ta a shekarar 1967, Washington, DC) ƴar Amurka ce mai zane-zane ta al'adun [[Mutanen Karibiyan|Afro-Caribbean]] . Clark ƙwararriyar mai zane ce da aka sani da amfani da kayan aiki iri-iri, ciki har da gashin ɗan adam da tsefe don magance launin fata, al'adu, aji, da tarihi. Haɗaɗɗun gashin kanta da aka yi da beads da kuma jerin gashin da aka yi da kitso na ƙarshen shekarun 1990, waɗanda suka sami yabo sosai, sun jawo al'adun Afirka na ado na mutum kuma sun motsa waɗannan siffofi na gama gari zuwa ga yanayin bayyanar mutum da siyasa. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Sims |first=Lowery Stokes |year=2009 |title=Sonya Clark: The Currency of Craft |volume=Sept/Oct.}}</ref> Duk da cewa [[fasahar Afirka]] da asalinta [[Karibiyan|na Caribbean]] suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci, Clark kuma yana ginawa akan ayyukan tattarawa da tattarawa da masu fasaha na Amurka kamar Betye Saar da David Hammons ke amfani da su. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Mahaifin Clark likitan taɓin hankali ne daga [[Trinidad da Tobago|Trinidad]] yayin da mahaifiyarta ma'aikaciyar jinya ce daga [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] . <ref> name="O'Neill">{{Cite web |last=O'Neill |first=development-Mark Luetke {{!}} design-Lauren |title=Sonya Clark |url=http://sonyaclark.com/bio/biography/ |access-date=3 March 2018 |website=sonyaclark.com}}</ref> Masu sana'a a cikin danginta sun yi tasiri ga Clark, ciki har da kaka wacce ke aiki a matsayin mai dinki, da kuma kaka wanda ke yin kayan daki. == Ilimi == Clark ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sidwell Friends a shekarar 1985. Daga nan ta sami digirin BA a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Kwalejin Amherst a shekarar 1989. Ta ci gaba da samun digirin BFA daga [[Makarantar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago|Makarantar Fasaha ta Chicago]] a shekarar 1993, inda ta yi karatu tare da masu fasaha Nick Cave (mai zane-zane), Anne Wilson, da Joan Livingstone . A shekarar 1995, Clark ta sami digirin MFA daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cranbrook . <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Clark ya sami lambar yabo ta farko ta Kwalejin Fasaha ta Cranbrook, wacce ta samu lambar yabo ta tsofaffin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun digiri na tsakiya. <ref name="Distinguished Mid-Career Alumni Award">{{Cite web |title=Alumni News &#124; March 2011 |url=http://hosted.verticalresponse.com/306487/a22a44c976/1694536805/10289ef5ea/ |website=hosted.verticalresponse.com}}</ref> Ta sami digiri na girmamawa guda huɗu. A shekarar 2015, ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Kwalejin Amherst. A shekarar 2021, ta sami ƙarin digiri na girmamawa guda biyu daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Maine da ke Portland, Maine <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> da Kwalejin Franklin da Marshall da ke Lancaster, [[Pennsylvania]]. <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ita ce mai jawabi a fannin fara karatun digiri na farko <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> kuma ta sami wani digiri na girmamawa daga Makarantar Fasaha ta Chicago. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Alumni &#124; School of the Art Institute of Chicago |url=https://www.saic.edu/why-saic/history-influence/notable-alumni}}</ref> Clark ta ambaci farfesa [[Rowland Abiodun|Rowland O. Abiodun]], Kwalejin Amherst a matsayin wani abu da ya yi tasiri a cikin karatunta game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin al'adun Caribbean da al'adun Yarbawa, wanda ya ƙara inganta ta hanyar tafiya bayan kammala karatunta zuwa [[Ivory Coast]], inda ta koyi saka da hannu. Clark ta kuma ambaci Nick Cave a matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na ci gaba da bincikenta a fannin zare. == Aikin ilimi na ƙwararru == Clark farfesa ce a fannin fasaha a sashen fasaha da tarihin fasaha a Kwalejin Amherst . Tsakanin 2006 da 2017 Clark ta kasance shugabar Sashen Nazarin Sana'o'i/Kayan Aiki <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> a Makarantar Fasaha ta Virginia Commonwealth University <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> da ke Richmond, VA . Rahoton ''US News &amp;amp; World Report'' ya sanya sashen a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'o'i a ƙasar. Clark ƙwararren mai bincike ne kuma a 2016 an ba ta lambar yabo ta ƙwararrun malamai a duk faɗin jami'a. <ref name="O'Neill">{{Cite web |last=O'Neill |first=development-Mark Luetke {{!}} design-Lauren |title=Sonya Clark |url=http://sonyaclark.com/bio/biography/ |access-date=3 March 2018 |website=sonyaclark.com}}</ref> Kafin naɗinta a Jami'ar Virginia Commonwealth, ta kasance Farfesa Baldwin-Bascom na Fasahar Kirkire-kirkire a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> inda ta sami aiki mai kyau da kuma lambar yabo ta HI Romnes. <ref name="H.I. Romnes award">{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2004 |title=Romnes early-career awards go to seven faculty |url=https://news.wisc.edu/romnes-early-career-awards-go-to-seven-faculty/ |website=news.wisc.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> == Aikin fasaha == Yawancin ayyukan Clark suna amfani da kayan aiki da abubuwa masu sauƙi, kamar tsefe, beads iri, tsabar kuɗi, zare, da zaren gashi. Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan kayan, ta bincika hanyoyin da mutane ke ba da aiki da ma'anoni ga abubuwa. "Abubuwa suna da ma'anar mutum da al'adu domin suna ɗaukar labaranmu kuma suna nuna mana ɗan adam. Labaruna, labaranku, labaranmu suna cikin abin," in ji Clark. Clark wataƙila an fi saninta da ayyukan fasaha da ke girmama masu sana'ar hannu na zamani, kamar masu gyaran gashi, da kuma fitattun 'yan Afirka-Amurka. Ta yi karatu da masu sana'a a wurare kamar Ostiraliya, [[Brazil]], China, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Indiya, da Indonesia, inda ta koyi game da hanyoyin sadarwa, kayan aiki, dabaru, da ƙungiyoyin al'adu. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Sonya Clark {{!}} Artist Profile |url=https://nmwa.org/art/artists/sonya-clark/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=NMWA |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin aikinta, sana'a da al'umma da kuma haɗin gwiwa; yawancin ayyukanta sun haɗa da shiga da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin launin fata, jinsi, da tattalin arziki. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Sonya Clark: We Are Each Other |url=https://high.org/exhibition/sonya-clark/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=High Museum of Art |language=en-US}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin maganganun masu zane na Clark ya bayyana aikinta kamar haka:<blockquote>Ina amfani da fasaha da kayan aiki don bincika asali. Abubuwa masu sauƙi suna zama hanyoyin haɗin al'adu. Ta hanyar su nake kewaya yarjejeniya da rashin jituwa. Lokacin da nake ƙoƙarin warware matsaloli masu rikitarwa, ina sha'awar abubuwan da suka haɗu da labarina na sirri a matsayin mafari: tsefe ko zaren gashi. Tare da ƙarfin hali, abubuwa masu sauƙi suna ba da ikon tunani ko sha'awar mu. Ina samun hotona, labarina na sirri, a cikin wani abu. Amma kuma ikon abu ne na yin aiki a matsayin rhizome, hanyoyi da yawa da za a iya gano shi ko karanta shi ta hanyar masu sauraro da yawa waɗanda ke jawo ni. Don ci gaba da aikina, ina shayar da abu, ƙarfinsa, hotonsa, da kayansa. Ina sarrafa abu ta hanyar da ta dace don jawo hankalin mai kallo cikin tattaunawa game da ma'anar gama gari. Idan muka warware zane tare, me muke koya a cikin wannan tsari? Menene alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsefe, gashi, da yadi? Shin zaren gashi zai iya ba da labarin rayuwa ko tarihin al'adu gaba ɗaya? Ina da yakinin cewa labarana, labaranku, labaranmu suna cikin abu. Ta wannan hanyar, "abu" na yau da kullun ya zama ruwan tabarau wanda za mu iya ganin juna da kyau. Kalmomin gani da aka samo daga abu da hoto suna samar da harshe daga harshen yare zuwa siyasa zuwa waƙa." <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref></blockquote> === Aikin Sana'ar Gashi === Aikin Sana'ar Gashi jerin hotuna da zane-zane ne da aka yi tare da haɗin gwiwar mai zane da masu gyaran gashi na Baƙar fata, waɗanda Clark ke ganin suna yin nasu salon zane na yadi. Kowace mai gyaran gashi ta nuna ƙwarewarta da ƙwarewarta ta hanyar yin aiki a kan gashin Clark, ta amfani da kanta a matsayin zane. Daga nan aka ɗauki hoton salon gyaran gashi da ya haifar, sannan aka haɗa shi da aikin zane mai dacewa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> A kan kowane zane, masu gyaran gashi sun kwafi salon gyaran gashi da aka yi a kan gashin Clark ta amfani da zare na siliki. Wannan aikin ya karya shinge tsakanin sana'a da fasaha, salon da cibiyoyin fasaha, yana nuna cewa wurare biyu wurare ne na ƙwarewa, haɓakawa, fahimtar kyau, da kasuwanci. <ref name=":3"/> A cewar Clark, "Masu gyaran gashi su ne jarumaina. Waƙoƙi da siyasar ƙwararrun kula da gashin baƙaƙe suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a aikina na mai zane da kuma mai koyarwa. An gina su ne a cikin wani tarihi mai yawa, hannayensu suna nuna ikon tsara kai da tsefe da kuma sarrafa zare da muke girma zuwa wani nau'i mai rikitarwa. Waɗannan masu fasaha sun ƙware a sana'ar da ba zan iya ɗauka da wasa ba." Ta yi iƙirarin cewa, "gashi iko ne," kuma, "a matsayinta na mai ɗauke da DNA, gashi yana riƙe da ainihin asali." "Na girma ina kitso da gashin 'yar'uwata, don haka a wata ma'ana, kamar yawancin mata baƙaƙe, na daɗe ina shirin zama mai zane a masana'antar yadi." <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> Clark ya ƙara ɗaukar zaren gashi a matsayin kayan aiki na sadarwa kuma ya yi aiki tare da mai zane-zane [http://bobobo.info/ Boquin Peng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251227180529/https://www.bobobo.info/ |date=2025-12-27 }} don ƙirƙirar haruffa bisa ga tsarin lanƙwasa gashinta mai suna Twist. === Aikin Tuta === Binciken Clark da tutoci ya fara ne da takardar neman digirinta na Kente Flag Project a shekarar 1995. Wannan aikin cakuda abubuwa ne daga al'adun Afirka da na Yamma/Amurka. <ref name="flag">{{Cite web |last=O'Neill |first=development-Mark Luetke {{!}} design-Lauren |title=Sonya Clark |url=http://sonyaclark.com/project/kente-flag/ |access-date=3 March 2018 |website=sonyaclark.com}}</ref> Clark ta yi amfani da tsarin ''[[Tufafin kente|Kente]]'' musamman don ƙarfi da juriya, ci gaba da nasara, da wadata. <ref name="flag" /> Tsarin Kente na gargajiya, tsarin saƙa na Afirka, an saka shi a kan kayan saka na Turai, kuma an haɗa shi da hoton tutar Amurka - sakamakon ya kasance masana'anta da ke ɗauke da alamomin asali da alfaharin al'adu waɗanda suka kai ga al'adu biyu. <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2009, Clark ta ƙirƙiri ayyukan da suka shafi Tutar Yaƙin Confederate . <ref name="flag"/> Ta yi wasan ''Unraveling'' a watan Yunin 2015 a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Mixed Greens da ke birnin New York sannan kuma a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Nasher a Jami'ar Duke, a watan Oktoban 2016. Gabatarwar da ta yi a Louisville Kentucky a shekarar 2017 "shine wasan kwaikwayo na farko a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin [Trump] kuma tun lokacin da ƙasar ta tsinci kanta cikin muhawara kan kasancewar da tasirin hotunan Confederate bayan tashin hankalin da ya faru a Charlottesville, Virginia, a lokacin bazara da ya gabata." <ref name="Unraveling" /> "Wannan aikin yanzu wani ɓangare ne na wani babban motsi wanda gwamnatocin jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi ke wargaza waɗannan abubuwa saboda jin nauyin jama'a." <ref name="Unraveling" /> A lokacin baje kolin, ana ƙarfafa membobin masu sauraro su haɗu da Clark ɗaya bayan ɗaya wajen buɗe tutar confederate yayin da take bayyana hangen nesanta kuma tana nuna yadda za a raba zaren tutar. A cewar Goodman, "Clark tana tsaye gefe da gefe tare da mahalarta, kafada da kafada yayin da suke jan kowace siffa ta tutar kuma suna fuskantar gaskiyar da take wakilta". <ref name="Unraveling" /> A watan Afrilun 2018, Clark ta koma makarantar karatunta, Kwalejin Amherst, don yin wasan "Unravelling" a Gidan Tarihi na Mead Art . A shekarar 2017, Clark ya ƙirƙiri wani zane mai zane da aka saka da hannu wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen kwaikwayon farin tawul ɗin da wani soja na Confederate ya yi amfani da shi don mika wuya a Gidan Kotu na Appomattox a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1865. Wannan zane an san shi da "Monumental Cloth (sutured)". Fatan mai zane shine cewa wannan tutar tsagaita wuta ta zama sananne kamar Tutar Yaƙin Confederate. An nuna duka "Unravelling" da "Monumental Cloth (sutured)" a Gidan Tarihi na Mead Art daga 5 ga Afrilu, 2018, zuwa 1 ga Yuli, 2018. <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> Clark ya sake buga Tutar Truce da nufin jawo hankali ga tutar da ta yi sulhu da kuma Yaƙin Basasa, yana tambayar dalilin da yasa ake tunawa da alamomin farin iko, kamar Tutar Yaƙin Confederate, don nuna alamun zaman lafiya. An yi wani babban ci gaba mai zurfi na aikin "Monumental Cloth: the Flag We Should Know" tare da haɗin gwiwa da kuma nuna shi a The Fabric Workshop and Museum <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> Kwafiyar tutar tsagaita wuta mai girman murabba'in ƙafa 450 da aka yi amfani da ita don mika wuya ga Confederate a Appomattox, Virginia, "Monumental", tana cikin tarin dindindin na Gidan Tarihi na Renwick na Smithsonian American Art Museum . === Nune-nunen, tarin abubuwa, da kyaututtuka === An nuna ayyukan Clark a gidajen tarihi da wuraren adana kayan tarihi sama da 500 a Turai, Afirka, Asiya, Ostiraliya, da kuma ko'ina cikin Amurka. A shekarar 2021, Gidan Tarihi na Mata a Fannin Fasaha na Ƙasa da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] ta gabatar da babban baje kolin kayan tarihi na farko mai cikakken bayani, "Tatter, Bristle, and Mend." <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> A shekarar 2023-2024, wani babban baje kolin kayan tarihi na biyu da kuma nunin kayan tarihi na 60 na aikinta, "We Are Just Other", <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> ta mayar da hankali kan ayyukan haɗin gwiwa da na al'umma da ta yi kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Cranbrook, Babban Gidan Tarihi da ke [[Atlanta]], da Gidan Tarihi na Fannin Fasaha da Zane a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], tare da ƙaramin sigar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Houston . Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin gidajen tarihi da yawa ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Fannin Fasaha na Indianapolis, <ref name="Indianapolis Museum of Art">{{Cite web |title=Indianapolis Museum of Art |url=http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artwork/ade-vodun-sonya-clark}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Fannin Fasaha na Delaware, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Philadelphia, Gidan Tarihi na Fannin Fasaha na Zamani na Madison, da Gidan Tarihi na Memphis Brooks . <ref name="Memphis Brooks Museum">{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2012 |title=Sonya Clark's Woven Combs Will Live Permanently at the Brooks! |url=https://beyondtheframe.wordpress.com/2012/08/19/4289/}}</ref> An yi mata bita mai kyau a cikin mujallu kamar ''Art in America'', ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', ''Sculpture'', <ref name="Sculpture">{{Cite journal |date=December 2002 |title=Reviews – Indianapolis |url=http://www.sculpture.org/documents/scmag02/dec02.shtml |volume=21 |issue=10 |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> ''Surface Design Journal'', ''[[Los Angeles Times|The Los Angeles Times]]'', ''Fiber Arts'', ''New American Paintings'', <ref name="New American Paintings">{{Cite web |title=New American Paintings |url=http://newamericanpaintings.wordpress.com/tag/sonya-clark/ |access-date=2026-02-11 |archive-date=2018-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726041000/https://newamericanpaintings.wordpress.com/tag/sonya-clark/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', ''Italian Vogue'', ''Hyperallergic'', ''Mother Jones'', da ''Huffington Post'' . <ref name="O'Neill"/> Sonya Clark&nbsp;ya kasance mai zane a gidan zama&nbsp;a&nbsp;Cibiyar McColl don Fasaha + Ƙirƙira&nbsp;a shekarar 2011. Ta sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da kyautar Anonymous Was a Woman Award, <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> kyautar American Artists Fellowship, <ref name="VCU USA fellowship">{{Cite web |title=VCU School of the Arts professor named USA Fellow |url=https://www.news.vcu.edu//article/VCU_School_of_the_Arts_Professor_Named_USA_Fellow |website=www.news.vcu.edu |access-date=2026-02-11 |archive-date=2019-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922044139/https://news.vcu.edu/article/VCU_School_of_the_Arts_Professor_Named_USA_Fellow |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="United States Artist Fellowship">{{Cite web |title=Meet the USA Fellows. - USA Fellows |url=http://www.usafellows.org/fellows |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107054017/http://www.usafellows.org/fellows |archive-date=January 7, 2012}}</ref> kyautar Pollock-Krasner Award, <ref name="Pollock-Krasner Award">{{Cite web |title=Page Not Found |url=https://www.pkf-imagecollection.org/htmal/artistresults.asp?artist=2371&testing=true |website=www.pkf-imagecollection.org}}</ref> kyautar Rockefeller Foundation Residency <ref name="Rockefeller Foundation Residency">{{Cite web |title=Rockefeller Foundation Residency |url=http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/media/download/4d95dae5-0b21-4e7f-b4b4-031933dda437 |access-date=2026-02-11 |archive-date=2013-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410192503/http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/media/download/4d95dae5-0b21-4e7f-b4b4-031933dda437 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a Italiya, kyautar Art Matters Grant, <ref name="Art Matters Grant">{{Cite web |title=Art Matters Grant |url=http://artmattersfoundation.org/recent-grantees#http%3A//artmattersfoundation.org/sonya-clark%23more-1534 |access-date=2026-02-11 |archive-date=2013-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014082332/http://artmattersfoundation.org/recent-grantees#http%3A//artmattersfoundation.org/sonya-clark%23more-1534 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Red Gate Residency <ref name="Red Gate Residency">{{Cite web |title=Red Gate Residency |url=http://www.redgategallery.com/residency/past-participants |access-date=2026-02-11 |archive-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214135946/http://www.redgategallery.com/residency/past-participants |url-status=dead }}</ref> a China, Wisconsin Arts Board Fellowship, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Fellowship, <ref name="Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Fellowship">{{Cite web |title=Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Fellowship |url=http://artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=44782}}</ref> kyautar Virginia Commission for the Arts Fellowship, <ref name="Virginia Commission for the Arts Fellowship">{{Cite web |title=Virginia Commission for the Arts Fellowship |url=http://www.arts.virginia.gov/grants/ArtistFellowship0809.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |archive-date=2012-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017042543/http://www.arts.virginia.gov/grants/ArtistFellowship0809.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> kyautar Civitella Ranieri Fellowship <ref name="Civitella Ranieri Fellowship">{{Cite web |title=Civitella Ranieri Fellowship |url=http://www.civitella.org/fellows_personal.aspx?fellowid=548 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414112058/http://www.civitella.org/fellows_personal.aspx?fellowid=548 |archive-date=April 14, 2013}}</ref> a Italiya, kyautar 1858 don Modern Southern Art daga Gibbes Museum, <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> kyautar ArtPrize ta 2014 wacce ta lashe kyautar Juried Grand Prize tare kuma ta sami kyautar Juried don mafi kyawun aiki biyu-dimensional, <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> da kuma Smithsonian Artist Research Fellowship. <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> An shigar da Clark cikin [https://craftcouncil.org/resources-programs/acc-awards/college-of-fellows Kwalejin Ƙwararrun Ma'aikatan Fasaha ta Amurka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814004859/https://www.craftcouncil.org/resources-programs/acc-awards/college-of-fellows |date=2021-08-14 }} a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> Ana iya samun ayyukanta a cikin littattafai da yawa ciki har da ''Wrapped in Pride'', ''Mami Wata ,'' ''Hand + Made'', ''The Global Africa Project'', ''Second Lives'', ''Manufractured'', Material Girls, Modern Black Women Artists, ''Pricked'', ''African American Art'' ''and Artists'', ''Choosing Craft'', da ''Master: bead-weaving'' <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Amurka na Smithsonian ya sayi aikinta, ''Monumental,'', a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Cika Shekaru 50 na Renwick Gallery . <ref name="Smithsonian American Art Museum">{{Cite web |title=Sonya Clark's "Monumental" Achievements |url=https://americanart.si.edu/blog/sonya-clark-art |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, an nuna ayyukan Clark a cikin shirin rukuni da kuma littafin da ke tare da su ''Spirit in the Land'', wanda Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Nasher a Jami'ar Duke ya shirya kuma ya nuna, wanda kuma ke tafiya zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Pérez a Miami . <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> == Tarihin nunin == * 2023: ''Sonya Clark: Gidan'' Tarihi na Fasaha na Cranbrook, 17 ga Yuni - 24 ga Satumba <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> * 2021: ''Sonya Clark: Tatter, Bristle, da Mend,'' Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Mata a Fannin Fasaha, 3 ga Maris - 28 ga Yuni <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> * 2019: ''Tutar da ta dace da mu: tutar da ya kamata mu sani,'' Taron Masana'anta da Gidan Tarihi, Maris 29 - Agusta 4, 2019 <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> * 2019: ''Sonya Clark: Gashi|Kayayyaki, Yabo ga Madam CJ Walker,'' Gidan Tarihi na Goya, Janairu 25 - Maris 30, 2019 * 2017: ''Rantsuwa da Kalmomi: Ayyuka ta Sonya Clark,'' Modern Craft, Afrilu 12 - Agusta 19, 2017 <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> * 2015: ''Soyayya Bayan Rayuwar Duk Wannan'', Cibiyar Sana'a, Kerawa & Zane, Janairu 30 - Mayu 23, 2015 <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> * 2008: ''Sonya Clark: Layukan Raƙuman Ruwa, Tight Knots'', Gidan Tarihi na Walters Art, 28 ga Yuni - 2 ga Satumba, 2008 <ref>{{Cite news |title=VCU department chair themes art around hair |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/nov/9/vcu-department-chair-themes-art-around-hair/ |access-date=1 April 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka buga == * Jerin Haystack Monograph Mai Lamba 17, 2004: Sana'a da Zane. "Hannu-da-hannu: Labarunmu da aka riƙe a cikin Abubuwa, Kayan Aiki da Tsarin Aiki." * Tsarin Sama, Kaka 2003. "A Sharhi: Nick Sargent." * Tsarin Sama, Lokacin bazara na 2000. "Ƙarƙashin Tsarin: Binciken Daidaito." * Kayan Ado, Bazara 1997. "Kayan Ado na Zane." * ''Aikin Sana'ar Gashi: Sonya Clark'', editoci. Melissa Anderson, Sonya Clark, Meg Roberts da Leigh Suggs, Kundin Nunin, 2015 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 97g13ydjfbhw55gg7dr0wzs6d8v2vtn 0 144590 889030 826653 2026-07-29T15:43:49Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 889030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elvira Moragas Cantarero''', sunan addini ''María Sagrario de San Luis Gonzaga'', (8 Janairu 1881 - 15 Agusta 1936) yar Sipaniya ce ta Order of the Discalced Karmelites na Albarka Budurwa Maryamu na Dutsen Karmel . <ref name="SEB">{{Cite web |date= |title=Beata Maria Sagrario di San Luigi Gonzaga (Elvira Moragas Cantarero) |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91507 |access-date=9 December 2017 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}</ref> <ref name="SQPN">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2016 |title=Blessed Elvira Moragas Cantarero |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-elvira-moragas-cantarero/ |access-date=9 December 2017 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}</ref> Hanyarta ta farko ita ce ta bi mahaifinta a harkar magunguna kuma ta yi fice a wannan fannin, bayan ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka zama likitan magunguna . Wannan ya ci gaba bayan mutuwar mahaifinta lokacin da ta karɓi iko a harkar, daga baya ta janye don ɗan'uwanta ya karɓi mulki lokacin da ta bayyana cewa tana son shiga harkar addini. <ref name="SEB"/> Lokacin da ta kasance a gidan sufi ya sa ta ɗauki nauyin jagoranci inda take kare 'yan uwanta mata masu ibada cikin fara'a. Amma barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na [[Ispaniya|Spain]] ya tilasta mata guduwa ta ɓuya tare da wata matar addinin Kirista yayin da take ƙin gayyatar ɗan'uwanta na zama tare da shi tunda tana son tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye 'yan uwanta masu addini. Amma an kama ta kuma aka harbe ta a tsakiyar dare lokacin da 'yan bindiga suka fusata da shirunta yayin da ake yi mata tambayoyi. <ref name="OCD" /> <ref name="SQPN"/> Mutuwarta ta haifar da kiraye-kiraye da yawa na a gabatar da tsarin girmamawa kuma daga baya aka buɗe ta a shekarar 1962 a ƙarƙashin Paparoma John XXIII ; ta zama Bawan Allah da zarar an fara wannan fafutukar. [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul II ya]] yi wa Moragas alfarma a tsakiyar shekarar 1998 a Dandalin Saint Peter. <ref name="SQPN"/> <ref name="SEB"/> == Rayuwa == An haifi Elvira Moragas Cantarero a Lillo da ke Toledo a shekarar 1881 a matsayin ta uku cikin 'ya'ya huɗu da Ricardo Moragas da Isabel Cantarero suka haifa. <ref name="SQPN"/> Mahaifinta yana aiki a matsayin mai sayar da magunguna kuma ya karɓi iko daga mahaifinsa Severiano Moragas. Babbar 'yar uwarta Sagrario (an haife ta a shekarar 1879) ta rasu a shekarar 1890. Moragas sun ƙaura zuwa Madrid a shekarar 1886 bayan Sarki Alfonso XIII ya naɗa mahaifinta a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan magunguna ga sarkin; Moragas sun kasance a El Prado tun daga 1885 kuma a Madrid suna zaune a lamba 97 Bravo Murillo Street a saman shagonsu. A can ne ta fara sha'awar aikin mahaifinta kuma tana son bin sa a wannan hanyar aiki; waɗanda ke kusa da ita sun lura da ita a matsayin wacce ta ƙuduri aniyar cimma wannan burin. Karatunta na farko yana makarantar San Fernando kafin ta tafi makarantar sakandare a Cardinal Cisneros Institute kafin karatunta na kwaleji daga 1900 zuwa 1905. <ref name="SEB"/> A shekarar 1887 ta sami Tabbatarwa . Moragas ta zama ɗaliba mai kyau a makaranta kuma ta sami sakamako mafi kyau yayin da ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1889. A shekara ta 1900 ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka shiga sashen harhada magunguna na kwalejin da ke Madrid. <ref name="SQPN"/> Moragas ta sami lasisin harhada magunguna a ranar 16 ga Yuni 1905. <ref name="SEB"/> Mutuwar mahaifinta a shekara ta 1909 ta sa ta karɓi iko a kasuwancinsa don tallafa wa mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta; mahaifiyarta ta rasu daga baya a shekara ta 1911. A shekara ta 1915 ɗan'uwanta Ricardo ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin mai harhada magunguna kuma ya karɓi aikin don 'yar'uwarsa ta bi umarninta na shiga rayuwar addini. Daraktan ruhaniya nata a wannan lokacin shine José María Rubio Peralta . A ranar 21 ga Yuni 1915 aka karɓe ta a matsayin mai riƙe da muƙamin a gidan sufi na Saints Anne da Joseph da ke Madrid. A ranar 21 ga Disamba 1915 aka ba ta wannan ɗabi'a kuma ta sami sunanta na addini . Ta yi alƙawarinta na farko a ranar 24 ga Disamba 1916, yayin da aka yi bikin cika alƙawarinta na musamman a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1920. <ref name="SEB"/> A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1927 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar gidanta kuma ta riƙe wannan matsayin har zuwa 1930 lokacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin uwargidan sabbin ma'aikata har zuwa 1936. An sake naɗa Moragas a matsayin shugabar a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1936 kuma za ta riƙe wannan matsayi har mutuwarta. <ref name="SQPN"/> <ref name="SEB" /> A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1936, wani babban taron jama'a ya kai hari gidan sufi, don haka ta tura 'yan uwanta mabiya addinin zuwa mafaka yayin da take neman mafaka tare da Sister Teresa María a gidan iyayenta. A wannan lokacin ne ɗan'uwanta ya nemi ta zo ta zauna tare da shi a wani ƙauye maƙwabta domin ta zauna lafiya. Amma ta ƙi tayin kuma ta ce dole ne ta kula da 'yan'uwanta mata. <ref name="SEB"/> Amma an kama ta da abokiyar zamanta a ranar 14 ga Agusta. <ref name="OCD">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2017 |title=B. Maria Sagrario of St. Aloysius Gonzaga (OCD), Virgin & Martyr (M) |url=http://ocarm.org/en/cotent/liturgy/b-maria-sagrario-st-aloysius-gonzaga-ocd-virgin-martyr-m |access-date=9 December 2017 |publisher=Order of Carmelites }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=March 2023}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2023]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] </ref> A lokacin tambayoyi, ta yi shiru yayin da masu tambayarta suka tambaya inda ake ɓoye kayan tarihi na gidan sufi tun da hare-haren ba su nuna wani abu mai muhimmanci ba. Maimakon haka, shirunta ya haifar da fushi ga masu tambayoyinta waɗanda suka matsa mata lamba don neman bayani. Ƙin amincewa da ita ya sa wani ɗan sanda ya ba ta takarda inda ta rubuta: "Viva Cristo Rey!" (Ranka ya daɗe da rai Almasihu Sarki). Wannan ya fusata 'yan bindigar da suka yanke shawarar kashe ta idan ba a sami wani bayani daga gare ta ba. <ref name="SQPN"/> An harbe Moragas a gidan yarin San Isidro bayan an kai shi can da yamma a ranar 15 ga Agusta kafin tsakar dare. <ref name="SEB" /> == Ƙarfafawa == An rufe tsarin tsarkakewa a cikin babban cocin cocin a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 1965; daga baya Congregation for the Causes of Waliyyai ta tabbatar da wannan tsari a ranar 14 ga Disamba 1984. Haka kuma cocin ya amince da wannan dalili a ranar 21 ga Janairu 1997. Paparoma John Paul II ya tabbatar da tsarkakewa María Sagrario de San Luis Gonzaga a ranar 8 ga Maris 1997 bayan ya tabbatar da cewa ta mutu cikin odium fidei ("cikin ƙin addini"). Paparoma ya jagoranci al'adun tsarkakewa a dandalin Saint Peter a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1998. Wanda ke gabatar da wannan dalili a yanzu shine Disccalced Carmelite Romano Gambalunga. === Tallafi === A shekarar 1998, Babban Bishop na Madrid Cardinal Antonio María Rouco Varela ya gabatar da ita a matsayin mai kula da masu harhada magunguna a lokacin da aka yi mata karramawa. <ref name="SEB"/> == Manazarta == bl300abyjonm3rasdwkpzlmtpnj1154 0 144741 889299 817229 2026-07-30T07:51:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia "Pat" Simpson''' FRS fitacciyar masanin kimiyyar halittu ce ta Burtaniya. Simpson ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin halittu a Jami'ar Cambridge daga 2003 zuwa 2010, kuma ya kasance Daraktan Bincike na Jami'ar a shekarar ilimi ta 2010/2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Fellows – Newnham College |url=https://www.newn.cam.ac.uk/about/people/honorary-fellows/ |access-date=2020-10-24 |website=www.newn.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> A halin yanzu Farfesa ce ta Emeritus na Sashen Zoology na Jami'ar Cambridge, bayan da a baya ta kasance Farfesa a fannin Comparative Embryology, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Pat Simpson FRS |url=https://www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/directory/emeritus-professor-pat-simpson |access-date=30 June 2016 |website=Department of Zoology |publisher=University of Cambridge |archive-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818094835/http://www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/directory/emeritus-professor-pat-simpson |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma Fellow na Kwalejin Newnham. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zoology: Simpson |url=http://www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/zoostaff/simpson.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302205736/http://www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/zoostaff/simpson.htm |archive-date=2010-03-02 |access-date=2010-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.newn.cam.ac.uk/seniormembers/pas49.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706074917/http://www.newn.cam.ac.uk/seniormembers/pas49.shtml |archive-date=2010-07-06 |access-date=2010-05-04}}</ref> An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patricia Simpson |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/patricia-simpson-12281/ |access-date=30 June 2016 |website=Fellows Directory |publisher=Royal Society}}</ref> Patricia Simpson ta kammala karatu tare da PhD a 1976 [1] daga Jami'ar Paris VI, Jami'ar Pierre da Marie Curie. [2] Binciken da take so ya haɗa da ilmin halitta, juyin halitta, da ilimin muhalli, kuma an rarrabe ta ne saboda aikinta kan ci gaban kwari da juyin halitta. Musamman, bincikenta yana bincika tsarin tsari na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace.[3] Babban binciken da ta yi shi ne cewa tsari da girma na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ana sarrafa su ta hanyar wannan hanyar. Ta hanyar nazarin kwayoyin halitta ta nuna cewa sel suna tasowa cikin wasu tsari ta hanyar hulɗar gida tare da maƙwabtansu. Ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga fahimtar tsarin hanawa ta gefe, inda farkon kwayoyin halitta suka yi hulɗa tsakanin kansu kuma daga baya suka karɓi makomar daban-daban. Wannan tsari ya haɗa da Mai karɓar salula mai kiyayewa kuma yana da mahimmanci a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa; aikin na iya danganta da nazarin ci gaban ɗan adam da cututtuka.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Patricia Simpson: Former F1000Prime Faculty Member in Developmental Molecular Mechanisms - F1000Prime |url=http://f1000biology.com/about/biography/1159512888132299 |access-date=2016-06-30 |website=F1000biology.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 1993: lambar azurfa ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa, Faransa * 1993: An zabe ta a matsayin memba na EMBO * 2000: Fellow na Royal SocietyAbokin Royal Society * 2008: Medal na Waddington na British Society of Developmental Biology * 2012: Fellow na Ƙungiyar Amurka don Ci gaban Kimiyya * 2016: Kyautar girmamawa daga Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lsvktibbjaa1s9jph8vhtjuu5938cgk 0 145189 889217 808938 2026-07-30T01:58:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olawunmi Okarayi''', wacce aka fi sani da sunanta '''DJ Lambo''', <ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ Lambo |url=http://notjustok.com/artists/dj-lambo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103164541/http://notjustok.com/artists/dj-lambo/ |archive-date=3 January 2017 |access-date=18 March 2017 |website=NotJustOk}}</ref> ƙwararriyar mai wasan kwaikwayo ce a Najeriya. Reinhard ne ya shirya waƙarta mai suna "Drank" kuma ta sami sharhi mai kyau da kuma shirye-shiryen rediyo mai yawa. An sanya mata hannu a Loopy Music a shekarar 2013 kafin ta haɗu da Chocolate City a shekarar 2015. Ta lashe kyautar DJ na Shekara (Mace) a bikin [[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|bayar da kyaututtuka na City People Entertainment Awards]] na 2016. ''Nigerian Entertainment Today'' (NET) ta sanya ta a cikin ɗaya daga cikin manyan DJs na Najeriya guda biyar da za a kula da su a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Badmus |first=Kayode |date=6 August 2015 |title=Top 5 Nigerian DJs to watch out for |url=https://thenet.ng/top-5-nigerian-djs-to-watch-out-for/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312024504/http://thenet.ng/2015/08/top-5-nigerian-djs-to-watch-out-for/ |archive-date=12 March 2017 |access-date=18 March 2017 |website=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, DJ Lambo tana cikin 'yan DJ kaɗan da aka zaɓa don su yi wasa a bikin Big Brother Nigeria na kakar wasa ta 2 a ranar Asabar na wasan ''Big Brother Naija'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2017 |title=#BBNaija: The all-white party was lit even without ThinTallTony |url=https://ynaija.com/bbnaija-white-party-lit-even-without-thintalltony-housemates-play-alphabet-game-highlights/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328225424/http://ynaija.com/bbnaija-white-party-lit-even-without-thintalltony-housemates-play-alphabet-game-highlights/ |archive-date=28 March 2017 |access-date=28 March 2017 |website=[[YNaija]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=#BBNaija Day 62: The White Party With DJ Lambo {{!}} 360Nobs.com |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2017/03/bbnaija-day-62-white-party-dj-lambo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327202225/https://www.360nobs.com/2017/03/bbnaija-day-62-white-party-dj-lambo/ |archive-date=27 March 2017 |access-date=29 April 2017 |website=360Nobs}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da kuma aikin kiɗa == DJ Lambo ta girma tare da 'yan'uwa maza huɗu a [[Najeriya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2015 |title=DJ Lambo Speaks on #BeingFemaleInNigeria |url=http://tushmagazine.com.ng/dj-lambo-speaks-on-beingfemaleinnigeria-in-an-exclusive-interview-with-tm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624181101/http://tushmagazine.com.ng/dj-lambo-speaks-on-beingfemaleinnigeria-in-an-exclusive-interview-with-tm/ |archive-date=24 June 2017 |access-date=18 March 2017 |website=[[Tush Magazine]]}}</ref> Mahaifinta, DJ Tony Lewis <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amodeni |first=Adunni |title=I Get A Lot Of Advances From Men - Says Popular Female DJ |url=https://entertainment.naij.com/541644-i-get-a-lot-of-advances-from-men-says-popular-female-dj.html |access-date=29 April 2017 |website=[[Naij]] }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ya yi tasiri a aikinta na mai son kiɗan faifan diski . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amodeni |first=Adunni |title=I Get A Lot Of Advances From Men - Says Popular Female DJ |url=https://entertainment.naij.com/541644-i-get-a-lot-of-advances-from-men-says-popular-female-dj.html |website=[[Naij]] }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta fara aikinta a tsakanin 2008–2009 a matsayin ɗalibi a Rediyo |(OAP) a Raypower 100.5 FM, Rhythm FM 94.7 Abuja, da kuma Love 104.5 FM Abuja. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2016 |title=DJ Lambo: Meet the Nigerian female DJ taking over the world |url=https://thenet.ng/dj-lambo-meet-the-nigerian-female-dj-taking-over-the-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405150156/http://thenet.ng/2016/10/dj-lambo-meet-the-nigerian-female-dj-taking-over-the-world/ |archive-date=5 April 2017 |access-date=18 March 2017 |website=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]}}</ref> === Fasaha === DJ Lambo ta bayyana sautinta a matsayin haɗewar waƙoƙin gida, [[techno]], afropop da hip hop . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Reinhard ne ya shirya waƙarta mai suna "Drank" kuma ta sami sharhi mai kyau da kuma shirye-shiryen rediyo mai yawa. An sanya mata hannu a Loopy Music a shekarar 2013 kafin ta haɗu da Chocolate City a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akan |first=Joey |title=Chocolate City: Record label merges with Loopy Music |url=http://pulse.ng/music/chocolate-city-record-label-merges-with-loopy-music-id3690106.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212112235/http://pulse.ng/music/chocolate-city-record-label-merges-with-loopy-music-id3690106.html |archive-date=12 February 2017 |access-date=18 March 2017 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> === Kiɗan Smirnoff Daidaita Kiɗa === A ranar 8 ga Maris, 2017, Smirnoff ta ƙaddamar da shirin Equalizing Music a madadin [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] don bikin DJs mata a duk faɗin duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Smirnoff launches 'Equalizing Music' initiative |url=http://www.eventmagazine.co.uk/smirnoff-launches-equalizing-music-initiative/brands/article/1426767 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504235911/http://www.eventmagazine.co.uk/smirnoff-launches-equalizing-music-initiative/brands/article/1426767 |archive-date=4 May 2017 |access-date=29 April 2017 |website=Event Magazine}}</ref> DJ Lambo ta kasance lamba 18 a jerin waƙoƙin Smirnoff Top Women Electronic Artists tare da waƙarta mai suna "Motion". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Smirnoff & The Black Madonna Aim to Double Female Festival Headliners With Equalizing Music Initiative: Exclusive |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/7710265/smirnoff-equalizing-music |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422015724/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/dance/7710265/smirnoff-equalizing-music |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=29 April 2017 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Maris, 2017, Smirnoff [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] ta kuma yi bikin Ranar Mata ta Duniya a Crest Hotels da Garden [[Jos Plateau|Jos]] tare da manyan 'yan wasa uku na ƙarshe na gasar DJ ta mata ta Smirnoff X1 tare da DJ Lambo da [[Spinall|DJ Spinall]] a wurin taron. <ref>{{Cite web |title=So Much Fun at the Smirnoff House Party with DJ Moonlait, DJ Spinall, DJ Garber & DJ Frizzie Lighting Up the House All Night |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/03/so-much-fun-at-the-smirnoff-house-party-with-dj-moonlait-dj-spinall-dj-garber-dj-frizzie-lighting-up-the-house-all-night/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320181011/https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/03/so-much-fun-at-the-smirnoff-house-party-with-dj-moonlait-dj-spinall-dj-garber-dj-frizzie-lighting-up-the-house-all-night/ |archive-date=20 March 2017 |access-date=29 April 2017 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> === Shugaban ƙasar Choc Boi === A ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2017, aka naɗa ta shugaba kuma shugabar Choc Boi Nation (CBN), wani hoton rikodin Chocolate City Music . Da wannan sanarwar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'an kamfanin rikodin mata a masana'antar kiɗa a Najeriya . Taron manema labarai, wanda aka gudanar a Legas, ya samu halartar abokan hulɗarta MI Abaga, Dice Ailes, Koker da Loose Kaynon [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kjx4vtauzz1rkjwabmyer34eikp7c76 0 146693 889218 829090 2026-07-30T01:59:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889218 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Dakta Olayemi Olajumoke Abiodun Oyebanji farfesa ce a Najeriya, malamar makaranta kuma 'yar siyasa. Ita ce Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa ta Jihar Ekiti a yanzu tun daga shekarar 2023 a matsayin matar gwamnan jihar, Biodun Oyebanji. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Ta fito ne daga Ado-Ewi a [[Ado-Ekiti|karamar hukumar Ado-Ekiti]] ta jihar Ekiti . <ref name="Ado">{{Cite web |date=5 February 2023 |title=God prepared me to become First Lady, Ekiti governor's wife Olayemi Oyebanji |url=https://punchng.com/god-prepared-me-to-become-first-lady-ekiti-govs-wife-olayemi-oyebanji/ |website=Punchng.com}}</ref> Ta halarci [[Jami'ar Ibadan]], inda ta haɗu da mijinta kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin Gudanar da Ilimi daga baya ta koma Jami'ar Ibadan don koyarwa a matsayin malamar makaranta. Ta kuma sami digirin digirgir a fannin Gudanar da Ilimi. <ref name="Ado"/> <ref name="lecturer">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2023 |title=Dr Olayemi Oyebanji: A First Lady properly so-called |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/dr-olayemi-oyebanji-a-first-lady-properly-so-called/ |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=My family has a long history with UI, says Ekiti State governor |url=https://ui.edu.ng/news/my-family-has-long-history-ui-says-ekiti-state-governor |access-date=25 March 2026}}</ref> Ta zama Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa lokacin da aka rantsar da mijinta a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Ekiti. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2022 |title=Ekiti State don officially swear in Biodun Oyebanji as Governor |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cw0qq78v82ro |website=[[BBC Pidgin]] |language=pcm}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ta ƙaddamar da wani aiki mai suna Zawarawa, Tsofaffi, Marayu da Marasa Gidaje (WAOH) a [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], da kuma "Àdìre Èktì" don haɓaka samar da kayan [[Adire (ƙwarewar zane-zane)|Adire]] na gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=Ekiti First Lady launches widow screening for empowerment project |url=https://www.waohfoundation.org/blog_details.php?a=ekiti-first-lady-launches-widow-screening-for-empowerment-project |website=[https://www.waohfoundation.org WAOH Foundation] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=Oyebanji's wife launches Àdìre Èkìtì Hub as 200 youths commence training |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/27899 |website=Ekiti State Government}}</ref> Ita kuma mai fafutukar [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|kare haƙƙin mata]] ce wacce ta yi magana game da mahimmancin haɗakar mata, tallafawa lafiyar mata ga iyaye mata da kuma [[shayarwa]] ta musamman da kuma [[Yin allurar rigakafi|rigakafin]] farko ga jarirai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2026 |title=Empower women, build a stronger Nigeria - Oyebanji's wife |url=https://ekitipodium.com/2026/03/18/empower-women-build-a-stronger-nigeria-oyebanjis-wife/ |website=Ekiti Podium}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Ekiti gov's wife awards 50 orphans scholarship, provides school supplies |url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-govs-wife-awards-50-orphans-scholarship-provides-school-supplies/ |website=The Punch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2026 |title=Ekiti First Lady beats drum for Breastfeeding, Immunisation to save newborns |url=https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/ |website=State of the States |access-date=27 March 2026 |archive-date=10 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410084605/https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2024 |title=Oyebanji's wife canvasses exclusive breastfeeding, immunization |url=https://punchng.com/oyebanjis-wife-canvasses-exclusive-breastfeeding-immunisation/ |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> A matsayinta na Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa, ta tallafawa ci gaban al'umma a Jihar Ekiti ta hanyar bayar da gudummawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2025 |title=Oyebanji donates school bus to school in Ekiti, harps on maintenance culture |url=http://newsanchorng.com/2025/03/12/oyebanji-donates-school-bus-to-school-in-ekiti-harps-on-maintenance-culture/ |website=City News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2023 |title=Ekiti First Lady restates Ekiti Government's commitment to sports development |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/26159 |website=Ekiti State Government}}</ref> A halin yanzu babbar malamar jami'a ce a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] . <ref name="lecturer"/> == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Fellowship ta Ƙungiyar Kula da Ilimi da Gudanarwa ta Najeriya (NAEAP) ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2024 |title=Ekiti First Lady, UI ex-VC Olayinka bag NAEAP fellowships |url=https://guardian.ng/news/ekiti-first-lady-ui-ex-vc-olayinka-bag-naeap-fellowships/ |website=The Guardian Nigerian News}}</ref> * 2026 Digirin Digiri a Jagoranci Dabaru da Gudanar da Albarkatun Jama'a. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5s3lawv8ghv3ipa2k5ex23m94wdxfrk 0 148220 889233 843512 2026-07-30T04:34:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Ory Okolloh, Sept. 2006.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Okolloh in 2006]] {{Infobox person | name = Ory Okolloh | citizenship = Kenya | education = University of Pittsburgh Harvard Law School | occupation = Activist, Lawyer, and Blogger | organization = Covington and Burling Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company Safaricom GSMA Foundation }} '''Ory Okolloh''' (ko '''Ory Okolloh Mwangi) ''') ‘yar gwagwarmaya ce, lauya kuma mai rubutun yanar gizo daga ƙasar Kenya. Ita abokiyar hulɗa ce a Verod-Kepple Africa Ventures, wani kamfanin zuba jari na Afirka baki ɗaya da ke da hedikwata a Lagos, Najeriya, tare da ofisoshi a Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Njanja |first=Annie |date=2024-04-09 |title=Pan-African VC Verod-Kepple closes its first fund at $60M |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/04/09/verod-kepple-closes-first-fund-at-60m/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kene-Okafor |first=Tage |date=2023-04-12 |title=Backed by Japanese investors, Verod-Kepple's fund will invest in Series A and B startups across Africa |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/04/12/backed-by-japanese-investors-verod-kepples-fund-will-invest-in-series-a-and-b-startups-across-africa/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Tom |date=2024-04-12 |title=Verod-Kepple Africa Ventures closes pan-African venture fund at $60m |url=https://disruptafrica.com/2024/04/12/verod-kepple-africa-ventures-closes-pan-african-venture-fund-at-60m/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Disrupt Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a matsayin manajan darakta a Omidyar Network, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammed |first=Omar |date=2015-06-09 |title=Why aren't more wealthy Africans backing the continent's start-ups? |url=https://qz.com/423821/why-arent-more-wealthy-africans-backing-the-continents-start-ups/ |access-date=2015-09-27 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] - Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kozlowska |first=Hanna |date=2015-04-06 |title=#147notjustanumber aims to name all those slain in Kenya attack |url=https://qz.com/377336/147notjustanumber-is-the-hashtag-that-gives-life-to-each-person-slain-in-the-kenya-attack/ |access-date=2015-09-27 |website=Quartz}}</ref> kuma a matsayin manajin manufofi na Afirka tare da [[Google]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms. Ory A, Okolloh |url=https://www.stanbicbank.co.ke/kenya/personal/about-us/stanbic-kenya-foundation/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.stanbicbank.co.ke}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2020-12-20 |title=Ory Okolloh exits Google for Omidyar Network |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/technology/ory-okolloh-exits-google-for-omidyar-network-2032832 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> An kira Ory mutane 100 mafi tasiri a shekarar 2014. [https://time.com/70848/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430233826/https://time.com/70848/ |date=2025-04-30 }}. == Ilimi == Okolloh ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, summa cum laude, daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/ory-okolloh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=World Economic Forum}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu daga Harvard Law School a shekara ta 2005 tare da Juris Doctor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh – Kenya Yearbook Editorial Board |url=https://sectors.kenyayearbook.go.ke/ory-okolloh/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Kenya Yearbook }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta, ta ki amincewa da tayin aiki daga kamfanin lauya na DC don komawa Kenya don yin aiki a kan lissafin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2014 |title=Time 100: Ory Okolloh, Voice of the African Citizen |url=https://techcabal.com/2014/04/25/time-100-ory-okolloh-voice-of-the-african-citizen/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=TechCabal }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Okolloh ya kafa shafin yanar gizon Mzalendo (Swahili: "Mai kishin kasa").<ref name="mcclatchy" /> Shafin ya nemi kara yawan alhakin gwamnati ta hanyar yin rikodin takardun kudi, jawabai, 'yan majalisa, da umarni masu tsayawa. Lokacin da [[Kenya]] ta shiga cikin tashin hankali bayan zaben shugaban kasa mai rikitarwa a shekara ta 2007, Okolloh ya kirkiro Ushahidi (Swahili: "Witness"), shafin yanar gizo da kayan aiki wanda ya tattara kuma ya rubuta rahotanni na shaidu na tashin hankali ta amfani da saƙonnin rubutu da Google Maps.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nyabola |first=Nanjala |date=2021-03-08 |title=In Nairobi, Female Coders Are Flipping the Silicon Valley Trope on Its Head |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/female-coders-from-nairobi |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin an daidaita fasahar don fadada dalilai (gami da saka idanu kan zabe da bin diddigin samar da magunguna) kuma an yi amfani da ita a wasu ƙasashe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay |date=2008-01-09 |title=How to Use the Web To Show the Truth |url=https://thehistoryoftheweb.com/how-to-use-the-web-to-show-the-truth/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=The History of the Web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Newsweek |date=2010-03-03 |title='Ushahidi' Technology Saves Lives in Haiti and Chile |url=https://www.newsweek.com/ushahidi-technology-saves-lives-haiti-and-chile-210262 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> Ory Okolloh tana da wani shafin rubutun yanar gizo na kanta mai suna Kenyan Pundit, wanda aka bayyana a shafin Global Voices Online. <ref name=":0"/> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kuma ta yi aiki a Covington da Burling, [[Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta kasar Kenya.|Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya]], da Bankin Duniya.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |last=Okolloh |first=Ory |title=About |url=https://www.kenyanpundit.com/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021170513/https://www.kenyanpundit.com/about/ |archive-date=2009-10-21 |access-date=2009-09-11 |website=Kenyan Pundit}}</ref> An nada Okolloh a cikin kwamitin Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, jikin da ke aiki a matsayin mai kula da ka'idodin Thomson Reuters Trust a watan Mayu 2015. Ta yi ritaya daga kamfanin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban a shekarar da ta gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company appoints Aidan Eyakuze to its Board of Directors |url=https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/press-releases/2025/january/thomson-reuters-founders-share-company-appoints-aidan-eyakuze-to-its-board-of-directors |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.thomsonreuters.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Okolloh ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan mai zaman kansa a Safaricom tun daga watan Fabrairun 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2023-02-27 |title=Safaricom replaces Bitange Ndemo in new board changes |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/safaricom-replaces-bitange-ndemo-in-new-board-changes-4139466 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Augustine |first=Abraham |date=2023-03-02 |title=Ushahidi's Ory Okolloh joins Safaricom board |url=https://techcabal.com/2023/03/02/safaricom-new-board-members/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCabal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta tashi daga mukamin a watan Yulin shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-29 |title=Major Changes in Safaricom's Board of Directors: Ory Okolloh and Francesco Bianco Exit - Techish Kenya |url=https://tech-ish.com/2024/07/29/major-changes-in-safaricoms-board-of-directors-ory-okolloh-and-francesco-bianco-exit/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a kwamitin Stanbic Bank Foundation Kenya, daga Afrilu 2020 zuwa Yuli 2024, kuma a matsayin darakta mara zartarwa na Stanbic Bank har zuwa Disamba 2020, lokacin da ta yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Eunniah |date=2020-12-10 |title=Ory Okolloh Resigns from Stanbic Board WEF 9th Dec |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/ory-okolloh-resigns-from-stanbic-board/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Kenyan Wall Street - Business, Markets & Finance Insights |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khusoko |date=2020-12-09 |title=Stanbic Bank's Non-Executive Director Ory Okolloh Resigns |url=https://khusoko.com/2020/12/09/stanbic-banks-non-executive-director-ory-okolloh-resigns/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Khusoko - East African Markets |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2020-09-19 |title=Omidyar MD Ory Okolloh joins Stanbic board |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/omidyar-md-ory-okolloh-joins-stanbic-board-2282718 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2025, an nada ta a cikin kwamitin Gidauniyar GSMA . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lukhanyu |first=Milcah |date=2025-02-13 |title=Ory Okolloh Joins GSMA Foundation Board |url=https://khusoko.com/2025/02/13/ory-okolloh-joins-gsma-foundation-board/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Khusoko - East African Markets |language=en-GB}}</ref> An nada ta a cikin Kwamitin Kepple Group a Japan a watan Mayu 2025, a matsayin Darakta na waje.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bwire |first=Ronald |date=2025-05-01 |title=Japan's Kepple Group Appoints Ory Okolloh as Outide Director |url=https://techmoran.com/2025/05/02/japans-kepple-group-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director-to-its-board/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=TechMoran |language=en-US}}</ref> Ory memba ne na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Afirka na Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka ta [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Advisory Board |url=https://africa.harvard.edu/africa-advisory-board |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=africa.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122110716/https://africa.harvard.edu/africa-advisory-board |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, tana da hannu a cikin allon kungiyoyi masu zuwa: {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ !Shirye-shiryen !Matsayi !Ranar da aka nada shi !Bayanan da aka ambata |- |Ƙungiyar Van Leer |Mai kula da kwamitin |Yuli 2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh |url=https://vanleerfoundation.org/team/ory-okolloh/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Van Leer Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ecofin |first=Agence |title=Ory Okolloh, la Kenyane qui soutient les entrepreneurs impactant en Afrique via le venture capital |url=https://www.agenceecofin.com/entreprendre/0404-107142-ory-okolloh-la-kenyane-qui-soutient-les-entrepreneurs-impactant-en-afrique-via-le-venture-capital |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Agence Ecofin |language=fr-fr}}</ref> |- |Masana'antar giya ta Gabashin Afirka Ltd |Ba babban darektan ba |Oktoba 2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh {{!}} EABL |url=https://www.eabl.com/our-people/ory-okolloh |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.eabl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Eunniah |date=2020-10-22 |title=EABL Appoints Ms Ory Okolloh as Non-Executive Director |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/eabl-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Kenyan Wall Street - Business, Markets & Finance Insights |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya: East African Breweries says it has put strategies to achieve gender balance by 2025 |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/kenya-east-african-breweries-says-it-has-put-strategies-in-place-to-achieve-gender-balance-by-2025/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre |language=en}}</ref> |- |Ka bar Afirka |Ba babban darektan ba |Yuni 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Board {{!}} About Deloitte Africa{{!}} Deloitte Africa |url=https://www.deloitte.com/za/en/about/people/africa-board.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.deloitte.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |Gidauniyar Kungiyar Adecco |memba na kwamitin |Yuli 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.adeccogroup.com/innovationfoundation/Who-We-Are |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627041242/https://www.adeccogroup.com/innovationfoundation/Who-We-Are |archive-date=2024-06-27 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.adeccogroup.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovation Foundation |url=https://www.fundraiso.ch/en/organisations/innovation-foundation |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.fundraiso.ch |language=en-CH}}</ref> |- |Gidauniyar GSMA |memba na kwamitin |Fabrairu 2025 |<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=lboulter@gsma.com |date=2025-02-05 |title=GSMA Foundation Board welcomes new members |url=https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/all-documents/gsma-foundation-board-welcomes-new-members/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Newsroom |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Kungiyar Kepple ta Japan |Daraktan waje |Mayu 2025 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ケップルグループの社外取締役にOry Okolloh氏、田中 渓氏、社外監査役にEric Marcks氏が就任 |url=https://corp.kepple.co.jp/press/20250501 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=株式会社ケップル コーポレートサイト |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":3"/> |} == Kyaututtuka == * 2012, ''Forbes'' ya lissafa "Mata mafi Nasara a Afirka" <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-07-02 |title=Binyavanga, Ory Okolloh named Time's most influential people |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/binyavanga-ory-okolloh-named-time-s-most-influential-people-976360 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> * 2013, "Mata mafi iko a Afirka a Fasaha" * 2014, Jerin ''[[Time (magazine)|Lokaci]]'' "Mutanen 100 Mafi Tasiri" <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Black Women on Time's Most Influential List |url=https://www.bet.com/photo-gallery/009134/meet-the-black-women-on-time-s-most-influential-list/gns996 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=BET |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 24r5kl3nfk4x8glot5ad3pzqd4dt27t 0 148439 889260 824681 2026-07-30T07:00:47Z BnHamid 12586 889260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Samsam Muhumed Omar (Somalian: Samsam Maxamuud Cumar), wanda aka fi sani da Gobsan Muhumed, ɗan siyasan ƙasar Somaliya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar tarayya na Somaliya tun 2022.[1][2] Ita ma memba ce a Majalisar Pan-African Parliament, [3] mai wakiltar Somaliya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 665j66t7v23km95mc7zpy0je5vrv61c 889261 889260 2026-07-30T07:02:01Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 889261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Samsam Muhumed Omar (Somalian: Samsam Maxamuud Cumar), wanda aka fi sani da Gobsan Muhumed, ɗan siyasan ƙasar Somaliya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar tarayya na Somaliya tun 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title=Somalia: Samsam Muhumed Omar elected for HOP#243 seat. - Mustaqbal Media |url=https://mustaqbalmedia.net/en/somalia-samsam-muhumed-omar-elected-for-hop243-seat/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Mustaqbal Media - (English) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title=Guddiga Maamulka Doorashada Gobolada Waqooyi ee Somaliland oo qabtay tartanka kursiga HOP#243 |url=https://radiomuqdisho.so/guddiga-maamulka-doorashada-gobolada-waqooyi-ee-somaliland-oo-qabtay-tartanka-kursiga-hop243/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Muqdisho |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ma memba ce a Majalisar Pan-African Parliament, [3] mai wakiltar Somaliya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 00x86gmm73351zvxakijwk2f20f3bx1 889262 889261 2026-07-30T07:02:18Z BnHamid 12586 889262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Samsam Muhumed Omar (Somalian: Samsam Maxamuud Cumar), wanda aka fi sani da Gobsan Muhumed, ɗan siyasan ƙasar Somaliya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar tarayya na Somaliya tun 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title=Somalia: Samsam Muhumed Omar elected for HOP#243 seat. - Mustaqbal Media |url=https://mustaqbalmedia.net/en/somalia-samsam-muhumed-omar-elected-for-hop243-seat/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Mustaqbal Media - (English) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title=Guddiga Maamulka Doorashada Gobolada Waqooyi ee Somaliland oo qabtay tartanka kursiga HOP#243 |url=https://radiomuqdisho.so/guddiga-maamulka-doorashada-gobolada-waqooyi-ee-somaliland-oo-qabtay-tartanka-kursiga-hop243/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Muqdisho |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ma memba ce a Majalisar Pan-African Parliament,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xildhibaanno katirsan barlamaanka Soomaaliya oo xubnin ka noqday barlamaanka Pan-African |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news/2022/Oct/wararka_maanta31-182751.htm |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> mai wakiltar Somaliya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sgxakkqkr34gv8wxyuj487d80nbhcx5 889263 889262 2026-07-30T07:02:33Z BnHamid 12586 889263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Samsam Muhumed Omar (Somalian: Samsam Maxamuud Cumar), wanda aka fi sani da Gobsan Muhumed, ɗan siyasan ƙasar Somaliya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan majalisar tarayya na Somaliya tun 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title=Somalia: Samsam Muhumed Omar elected for HOP#243 seat. - Mustaqbal Media |url=https://mustaqbalmedia.net/en/somalia-samsam-muhumed-omar-elected-for-hop243-seat/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Mustaqbal Media - (English) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-21 |title=Guddiga Maamulka Doorashada Gobolada Waqooyi ee Somaliland oo qabtay tartanka kursiga HOP#243 |url=https://radiomuqdisho.so/guddiga-maamulka-doorashada-gobolada-waqooyi-ee-somaliland-oo-qabtay-tartanka-kursiga-hop243/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Radio Muqdisho |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ma memba ce a Majalisar Pan-African Parliament,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xildhibaanno katirsan barlamaanka Soomaaliya oo xubnin ka noqday barlamaanka Pan-African |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news/2022/Oct/wararka_maanta31-182751.htm |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> mai wakiltar Somaliya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1997]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 43hozi0a2i6h8unfc7c1jv67jxwzsky 0 148674 889255 827336 2026-07-30T06:53:22Z BnHamid 12586 889255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu''' 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata ce ta Kongo kuma mai ba da shawara kan zaman lafiya daga [[Bukavu]] a Kivu ta Kudu . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=International |first=Amnesty |date=2001-03-28 |title=DR Congo, Deadly conspiracies? |url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/1413682.html |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=www.ecoi.net |language=en}}</ref> An haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 1965, a [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Ta kafa ingantawa da tallafawa shirye-shiryen mata (PAIF). Ayyukanta na rashin kulawa sun tsara ƙungiyoyin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC) da kuma bayan. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan karfafa mata, kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, da inganta zaman lafiya. [[Amnesty International]] ta amince da ita saboda aikinta na kare hakkin mata da inganta zaman lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ginetta Sagan Award |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award/ |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=Amnesty International USA |language=en-US}}</ref> Tasirinta ya wuce al'ummomin yankin; ta kasance alama ce ta ƙarfin hali ga mata a yankunan rikici. Ta kasance wakilin gwagwarmayar mata na Kongo a lokacin mafi yawan tashin hankali a tarihin kasar. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Mukanirwa ta girma ne a babban birnin Kinshasa . Daga baya ta rayu a gabashin DR. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=February 2000 |title=Shibboleth Authentication Request |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/02/01/crackdown-civil-society-activists-eastern-congo |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=}}</ref> Ta shafe yawancin yarinta a Kivu ta Kudu da Goma . Wadannan yankuna suna da tasiri akai-akai daga kalubale na siyasa da rikice-rikicen da ba su taɓa hutawa ba.<ref name=":0" /> Kasancewa kewaye da rikici ya tsara ta. Ya ba ta kyakkyawar ma'anar adalci da kuma alhakin mutum na tsayawa ga mutanen da aka yi watsi da su ko kuma ba su da kyau. A lokacin da take ƙarama, an san ta da kasancewa mai faɗakarwa sosai kuma ba ta jin tsoron kalubalantar ayyukan rashin adalci, musamman idan an ba da su ga 'yan mata. Ta tura kanta sosai don samun nasara a ilimi, wanda ya ba ta lasisi a cikin Gudanar da Ayyuka daga IFAD da digiri na biyu a cikin Shirye-shiryen Ci Gaban daga ISDR Bukavu . <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Tshite |first=Marie-Rose |date=2024-12-01 |title=Capturing Congolese Women's Memories of War and Peacemaking |url=https://closeencountersinwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/tshite-congolese-women-memory-of-war-and-peacemaking.pdf |journal=Close Encounters in War Journal |language=en |volume=7 |pages=275–300 |issn=2704-8799}}</ref> Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru sun ba ta ƙwarewar ƙirƙirar shirye-shirye masu ma'ana waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan karfafa mata da Gina zaman lafiya, suna juya sha'awarta zuwa aiki. Tana da 'ya'ya biyu. Tana da 'ya'ya biyu.<ref name="medica">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Participant's Information: Presenting the participants of the international delegation: Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/droi/dv/5_07cvmukanirwa_/5_07cvmukanirwa_en.pdf |access-date=9 August 2021 |publisher=Medica Mondiale}}</ref> == Farkon gwagwarmaya == Mukanirwa ta fara aikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata a shekarar 1989. <ref name="medica">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Participant's Information: Presenting the participants of the international delegation: Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/droi/dv/5_07cvmukanirwa_/5_07cvmukanirwa_en.pdf |access-date=9 August 2021 |publisher=Medica Mondiale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2021-12-06 |editor-last=Sandoval-Almazan |editor-first=Rodrigo |editor2-last=Kavanaugh |editor2-first=Andrea |editor3-last=Ignacio Criado |editor3-first=J. |title=List of contributing reviewers 2021**Retrieved August 30, 2021. |url=https://doi.org/10.3233/ip-219010 |journal=Information Polity |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=549 |doi=10.3233/ip-219010 |issn=1570-1255}}</ref> Jeannine, tare da Immaculée Birhaheka, sun kafa Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Féminines (PAIF) a shekarar 1989. Jeannine Mukanirwa, tare da abokin aiki guda ɗaya kuma ba tare da tallafin waje ba, sun shirya mata don ilimantar da su game da hakkinsu, musamman a cikin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Ta ba da tallafi ta hanyar ayyukan al'umma waɗanda ta tallafa wa kanta. (PAIF) kungiya ce ta kare hakkin mata a Goma . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=International |first=Amnesty |date=2001-03-28 |title=DR Congo, Deadly conspiracies? |url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/1413682.html |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=www.ecoi.net |language=en}}</ref> PAIF ta yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar tsarin tallafi ga dubban mata, tana ba da ilimi kan haƙƙin shari'a, horo na sana'a, da tallafin zamantakewa. PAIF ta mayar da hankali kan shirye-shiryen kasa, ta yi imanin cewa canji ya fara ne a matakin al'umma. Manufarta ita ce ta karfafa mata da kuma zama wakilai na zaman lafiya da ci gaba. A shekara ta 2001 tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban PAIF). <ref name="Congo, Democratic Republic of the">{{Cite web |title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/af/8322.htm |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> == Advocacy a lokacin rikici == Tarihin Kongo ya mamaye ta hanyar tashin hankali da zalunci a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Kongo a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Tshite |first=Marie-Rose |date=2024-12-01 |title=Capturing Congolese Women's Memories of War and Peacemaking |url=https://closeencountersinwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/tshite-congolese-women-memory-of-war-and-peacemaking.pdf |journal=Close Encounters in War Journal |language=en |volume=7 |pages=275–300 |issn=2704-8799}}</ref> Jeannine ta zama mai ba da shawara ga haƙƙin mata, tana magana game da cin zarafin jima'i da kisan kiyashi. A shekara ta 1999, ta yi tafiya daga gabashin DRC zuwa Kinshasa don shiga taron jama'a inda ta bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a Mwenga, Kivu ta Kudu, inda aka ruwaito cewa an binne mata da rai, wanda ya sami kulawa ta kasa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=February 2000 |title=Shibboleth Authentication Request |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/02/01/crackdown-civil-society-activists-eastern-congo |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya kawo hankalin kasa da kasa ga gwagwarmayar mata na Kongo. Ta fara karbar barazanar da tsoratarwa akai-akai. Karin barazanar ya fito ne daga 'yan tawaye da hukumomin Rwanda a gabashin DRC. Bayan an yi mata da iyalinta barazana akai-akai, sai ta bar Goma don sake kafa kanta a Kinshasa.<ref name=":0" /> A farkon shekarun 2000, ta yi Allah wadai da [[Rikicin jima'i a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo|fyade]] ga mata a gabashin Kongo. == Kamawa da gudun hijira == An fara kama Mukanirwa a Kinshasa a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, 2000, kuma an gudanar da shi a cibiyar tsare-tsare ta DEMIAP, wanda ake zargi da taimaka wa dangi daga Kivu ya tsere daga DRC. An sake ta na ɗan lokaci a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2001. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=International |first=Amnesty |date=2001-03-28 |title=DR Congo, Deadly conspiracies? |url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/1413682.html |access-date=2025-12-04 |website=www.ecoi.net |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2001, an sake kama Jeannine kuma an tuhume shi da laifin kisan gillar Shugaba Laurent-Désiré Kabila.<ref name="AI">{{Cite web |title=The Ginetta Sagan Award |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award/ |access-date=10 August 2021 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> A lokacin da aka tsare ta, tana cikin mawuyacin hali a gidan yarin Makayla, tare da matan sojoji da ake zargi da aka azabtar da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/dd-rd/E84-28-2011-eng.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221114127/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/dd-rd/E84-28-2011-eng.pdf |archive-date=2017-12-21 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=publications.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="Congo, Democratic Republic of the">{{Cite web |title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/af/8322.htm |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> An sake ta wata daya bayan sa hannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, amma yanayin siyasa ya tilasta mata ta koma Kanada daga baya a wannan shekarar. Wannan aikin ya ba ta ikon yin kira ga haƙƙin mata. Ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai ba da shawara ga shigar da mata cikin hanyoyin zaman lafiya kuma ta yi aiki tare da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa don nuna tashin hankali na jinsi a yankunan rikici.<ref name=":1" /> == Sanarwar duniya da jagoranci == A shekara ta 2002, [[Amnesty International]] ta ba Mukanirwa lambar yabo ta Ginetta Sagan saboda aikinta na kare hakkin mata da inganta zaman lafiya. <ref name="AI">{{Cite web |title=The Ginetta Sagan Award |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award/ |access-date=10 August 2021 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Yayin da ta karbi kyautar Ginetta Sagan ta $ 10,000, Mukanirwa ta bayyana mummunar abubuwan da ke fuskantar 'yan mata da mata a kasar ta, daga fyade da ciki da ba a so zuwa barazanar rayukan masu gwagwarmaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shibboleth Authentication Request |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AWNB&t=&sort=YMD_date:D&hide_duplicates=2&maxresults=60&f=advanced&val-base-0=Jeannine%20Mukanirwa%20&fld-base-0=alltext&docref=news/0F314B4E40BC37EE |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=login.howard.idm.oclc.org}}</ref> Wannan sanarwa ta duniya ta kara sakonta kuma ta sanya ta daya daga cikin manyan 'yan gwagwarmayar mata na Kongo. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara Yarjejeniyar Sun City (2003), tabbatar da cewa mata suna da wurin zama a teburin tattaunawar zaman lafiya. Jeannine ita ce kuma co-kafa Mata a matsayin Abokan hulɗa don Zaman Lafiya a Afirka (WOPPA), cibiyar sadarwar da aka keɓe don haɗa mata cikin hanyoyin yanke shawara a duk faɗin nahiyar. Woppa ta tara dukkan mata wakilai, masana zaman lafiya, masu fafutuka, da masu tasiri don tattaunawa da tabbatar da cewa an wakilci matan da yaƙin ya shafa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Tshite |first=Marie-Rose |date=2024-12-01 |title=Capturing Congolese Women's Memories of War and Peacemaking |url=https://closeencountersinwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/tshite-congolese-women-memory-of-war-and-peacemaking.pdf |journal=Close Encounters in War Journal |language=en |volume=7 |pages=275–300 |issn=2704-8799}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 2000 Mukanirwa ya yi Allah wadai da [[Rikicin jima'i a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo|fyade]] ga mata a gabashin Kongo.<ref name="rodriguez">{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Leah |date=9 August 2021 |title=7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/ |website=Global Citizen}}</ref> Ta lura da sakin wata takarda game da cin zarafin mata a Kongo a shekara ta 2007. A shekara ta 2009, ta jagoranci Medica Mondiale's Peacebuilding Project, wani aikin shekaru uku, a matsayin mai kula da aikin a cikin DRC, yana mai da hankali kan manufofin tsaro da kuma shiga siyasa na mata. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Frauenrechtsorganisation medica mondiale e.V. |url=https://medicamondiale.org/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=medicamondiale.org |language=de}}</ref><ref name="medica">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Participant's Information: Presenting the participants of the international delegation: Jeannine Mukanirwa Tshimpambu |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/droi/dv/5_07cvmukanirwa_/5_07cvmukanirwa_en.pdf |access-date=9 August 2021 |publisher=Medica Mondiale}}</ref> Ta zama mai magana da ake nema a dandalin tattaunawa na kasa da kasa a duk faɗin Afirka, Turai, da Arewacin Amurka. Jeannine Mukanirwa ta sanar da takarar ta mai zaman kanta don shugabancin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo a Zaben Disamba. Ta gudanar da taron manema labarai a gundumar Kasa-Vubu ranar da ta gabata kafin lokacin rajista. Ta gabatar da dandalin ta na "Vision 2060", wanda ya yi kira ga Jamhuriyar da ta haɗa kai da adalci, 'yanci, da jagoranci mai ƙarfi. Jeannine ya jaddada mahimman abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci, gami da sake fasalin bangaren tsaro da tabbatar da daidaito na mata a duk matakan yanke shawara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Matete |first=Merisa |date=8 August 2018 |title=Jeannine Mukanirwa appelle les RD-congolais à adhérer à sa vision 2060 |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/actu/jeannine-mukanirwa-appelle-les-rd-congolais-a-adherer-a-sa-vision-2060/ |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=AfricaNews |language=French}}</ref> == Ayyukan bayar da shawarwari da gina zaman lafiya == Jeannine Mukanirwa ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga shirye-shiryen ƙasa da na duniya waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan haƙƙin mata, gina zaman lafiya, da kuma farfadowa bayan rikici a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC). Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da aikin Médecins du Monde na shekaru uku na Peacebuilding Project, shirin da aka tsara don karfafa sa hannun mata a cikin siyasa da tsaro da kuma inganta tsarin tallafi ga waɗanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da jinsi. A cikin wannan rawar, ta yi aiki tare da abokan hulɗa don fadada horo ga shugabannin mata da kuma haɗa ra'ayoyin jinsi a cikin yanke shawara na al'umma.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Tshite |first=Marie-Rose |date=2024-12-01 |title=Capturing Congolese Women's Memories of War and Peacemaking |url=https://closeencountersinwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/tshite-congolese-women-memory-of-war-and-peacemaking.pdf |journal=Close Encounters in War Journal |language=en |volume=7 |pages=275–300 |issn=2704-8799}}</ref> Binciken gwagwarmayar mata a cikin DRC ya nuna cewa Mukanirwa ta kasance da hannu tare da PAIF (Promotion et Appui aux Initiatives Féminines). Wannan ya sanya ta a tsakiyar wani yunkuri mai zurfi wanda ke amfani da kariya ta shari'a, ilimi, da kuma hada siyasa don karfafa mata na Kongo. Bincike game da wannan nau'in gwagwarmaya ya jaddada muhimmiyar rawar da PAIF ta taka a cikin tattara jama'a kuma ya nuna gudummawar Mukanirwa ga aikin cibiyoyin sadarwa a lokacin rikici.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Tshite |first=Marie-Rose |date=2024-12-01 |title=Capturing Congolese Women's Memories of War and Peacemaking |url=https://closeencountersinwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/tshite-congolese-women-memory-of-war-and-peacemaking.pdf |journal=Close Encounters in War Journal |language=en |volume=7 |pages=275–300 |issn=2704-8799}}</ref> Har ila yau, gudummawar da ta bayar ta dace da kokarin samar da zaman lafiya wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar medica mondiale, wanda ke bayyana haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyin abokan hulɗa na Kongo - gami da PAIF - don fadada tallafin zamantakewa, shari'a, da kuma bayar da shawarwari ga waɗanda suka tsira. Wadannan shirye-shiryen suna nuna tsarin da aka amince da aikin Mukanirwa a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DR Congo: Breaking the cycle of violence against women |url=https://medicamondiale.org/en/violence-against-women/news/demokratische-republik-kongo-den-kreislauf-geschlechtsbezogener-und-sexualisierter-gewalt-durchbrechen |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=medicamondiale.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 2mfg8htydhceuqykafczm4dnln5yclt 0 149261 889194 863582 2026-07-29T22:40:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Noah Abraham Sewonet Abatneh (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2004) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na Kanada wanda ke buga wa Atletico Ottawa a Gasar Firimiya ta Kanada. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a Toronto, <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Serie D Lamezia Terme, che colpi! In gialloblu gli under Kanoute e Abatneh |trans-title=Serie D Lamezia Terme, what a hit! Under yellow and blue Kanoute and Abatneh |url=https://vibosport.it/serie-d-lamezia-terme-che-colpi-in-gialloblu-gli-under-kanoute-e-abatneh/ |website=Vibo Sport |language=it}}</ref> Abatneh ya zauna a duka Philippines da Masar, kafin ya koma Kanada, ya koma Ottawa tun yana yaro. <ref name="kitch" /> Abatneh ya fara buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa yana da shekaru biyar tare da Kwalejin Ottawa St. Anthony Futuro, kuma yana wasa tare da Kwalar Ottawa Royals Futuro . <ref name="kitch" /> A shekara ta 2014 yana da shekaru tara, ya tafi Ingila don horar da makarantar Arsenal da makarantar Fulham, yana karɓar tayin shiga Fulham, amma ya zaɓi ya kasance a Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 25, 2014 |title=Ottawa youth makes impression with Arsenal, Fulham soccer academies |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-youth-makes-impression-with-arsenal-fulham-soccer-academies-1.2777442 |website=[[CBC Sports]]}}</ref> Ya sake komawa horo tare da kungiyoyin biyu a shekara mai zuwa.<ref name="kitch">{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2015 |title=Two young Westboro soccer players look ahead to a stellar year |url=https://kitchissippi.com/2015/01/12/westboro-soccer/ |website=Kitchissippi Times}}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, ya koma Italiya kuma ya shiga Sashin Matasan AS Roma, bayan gwaji na watanni uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 11, 2016 |title=Noah Abatneh (2004) offered an official contract with AS Roma in the Italian Serie A |url=https://www.ottawastanthonyfuturo.com/achievements2016 |website=[[Ottawa St. Anthony Italia|Ottawa St. Anthony SC]] |access-date=May 5, 2026 |archive-date=March 6, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260306143831/https://www.ottawastanthonyfuturo.com/achievements2016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga nan sai ya shiga shirin matasa na ASD Savio . A watan Yunin 2020, ya shiga Tsarin matasa na Lazio.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2020 |title=Abatneh e Formisano approdano alla Lazio |trans-title=Abatneh and Formisano join Lazio |url=https://www.saviocalcio.it/abatneh-e-formisano-approdano-alla-lazio/ |website=ASD Savio |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Steven |date=June 17, 2020 |title=Official: Lazio Sign ASD Savio Calcio's Noah Abatneh |url=https://thelaziali.com/2020/06/17/lazio-noah-abatneh-sign-transfer-savio/ |website=The Laziali}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == A watan Satumbar 2022, Lazio ta ba da rancensa ga kungiyar Jerin D Lamezia Terme . <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2022 |title=Noah Abatneh è un nuovo calciatore dell'F.C. Lamezia Terme |trans-title=Noah Abatneh is a new footballer of FC Lamezia Terme |url=https://www.lameziaterme.it/noah-abatneh-nuovo-calciatore-fc-lamezia-terme/ |website=Lamezia Terme |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2022 |title=Noah Abatneh è un calciatore gialloblu |trans-title=Noah Abatneh is a yellow-blue footballer |url=https://www.fclameziaterme.it/noah-abatneh-e-un-calciatore-gialloblu/ |website=[[F.C. Lamezia Terme]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2023, an ba da rancensa ga wani kulob din Serie D, Campodarsego .<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2023 |title=Noah Abatneh è un nuovo calciatore del Campodarsego Calcio |trans-title=Noah Abatneh is a new player of Campodarsego Calcio |url=https://www.campodarsegocalcio.it/2023/01/31/noah-abatneh-un-calciatore-del-campodarsego-calcio/ |website=[[A.C.D. Campodarsego]] |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Enrico |date=February 1, 2023 |title=Serie D, calciomercato: Campodarsego, per la fascia sinistra c'è Abatneh dalla Lazio |trans-title=Serie D, transfer market: Campodarsego, for the left wing there is Abatneh from Lazio |url=https://www.padovaoggi.it/sport/calcio/serie-d-calciomercato-campodarsego-abatneh-dalla-lazio-1-febbraio-2023.html |website=Padova Oggi |language=it}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda, tare da ƙarin zaɓin kulob din tare da kulob din Premier League na Kanada York United FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2023 |title=York United FC announces signing of Canadian defender Noah Abatneh |url=https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/article/york-united-fc-announces-signing-of-canadian-defender-noah-abatneh |website=[[York United FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacques |first=John |date=April 17, 2023 |title=York United Adds Canada U-20 Defender Noah Abatneh |url=https://northerntribune.ca/york-united-noah-abatneh/ |website=Northern Tribune}}</ref> Tare da York United, an canza shi zuwa tsakiya bayan ya buga wasa a tsakiya da kuma dama a baya a cikin aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Healey |first=Joshua |date=August 16, 2024 |title=Why Noah Abatneh of York United could be next CanPL star to earn CanMNT considerations |url=https://onesoccer.ca/a/healey-why-noah-abatneh-of-york-united-could-be-next-canadian-premier-league-star-to-earn-can-mnt-considerations |website=[[OneSoccer]]}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, ya fara bugawa kulob din wasa da HFX Wanderers . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2022 |title=NASH: Time to replicate superb Halifax performance back at home this weekend |url=https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/article/nash-time-to-replicate-superb-halifax-performance-back-at-home-this-weekend |website=[[York United FC]]}}</ref> Ya fara farawa a ranar 24 ga Yuni, a kan Cavalry FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Asante |first=Ridwan Ibrahim |date=June 26, 2023 |title=Analysis: Noah's Arc: Impressive Abatneh delivers big on first Nine Stripes start |url=https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/article/analysis-noahs-arc-impressive-abatneh-delivers-big-on-first-nine-stripes-start |website=[[York United FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2024, ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 3-1 a kan Valour FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tierney |first=Mitchell |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Match Analysis: York United complete comeback against Valour to secure victory in the CPL's 500th match |url=https://canpl.ca/article/match-analysis-york-united-valour-fc-cpl-500 |website=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar 2024, an zabi shi don Kyautar 'yan wasan Kanada mafi kyau na kasa da shekara 21.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2024 |title=Noah Abatneh nominated for CPL's Best Canadian Under-21 Player |url=https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/article/canada-soccer-best-young-player-noah-abatneh-york-united-canadian-premier-league |website=[[York United FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2024 |title=Abatneh, Gazdov, Poku nominated for Canadian Premier League's Best Canadian Under-21 Player Award |url=https://canpl.ca/article/abatneh-gazdov-poku-nominated-for-canadian-premier-leagues-best-canadian-under-21-player-award |website=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Abatneh a Kanada ga mahaifin Habasha da mahaifiyar Kanada. A watan Janairun 2021, an kira shi zuwa Kanada U20 don sansani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meuti |first=Federico |date=December 16, 2021 |title=Lazio, dal Canada arriva la chiamata. Un'aquila convocata dalla nazionale biancorossa |trans-title=Lazio, the call comes from Canada. An eagle called up by the red and white national team |url=https://www.gazzettaregionale.it/nazionali/2021/12/16/news/lazio-dal-canada-arriva-la-chiamata-un-aquila-convocata-dalla-nazionale-biancorossa-125300/ |website=Gazzetta Regionale |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zampilli |first=Valentina |date=December 16, 2021 |title=Nazionale – La chiamata arriva d'oltreoceano, Abatneh vola in America |trans-title=National – The call comes from overseas, Abatneh flies to America |url=https://piccoleaquile1900.altervista.org/nazionale-la-chiamata-arriva-doltreoceano-abatneh-vola-in-america/ |website=Picco Aquile |language=it |access-date=May 5, 2026 |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225114601/https://piccoleaquile1900.altervista.org/nazionale-la-chiamata-arriva-doltreoceano-abatneh-vola-in-america/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sake kiransa a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022 don wasannin sada zumunci biyu da Costa Rica U20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2022 |title=Under 18: Abatneh convocato in Nazionale |trans-title=Under 18: Abatneh called up to the national team |url=https://www.sslazio.it/it/giovanili/news/66808-under-18-abatneh-convocato-in-nazionale |website=[[S.S. Lazio]] |language=it |access-date=May 5, 2026 |archive-date=April 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417223814/https://www.sslazio.it/it/giovanili/news/66808-under-18-abatneh-convocato-in-nazionale |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zampilli |first=Valentina |date=March 9, 2022 |title=Nazionale – Abatneh vola in America, il Canada chiama la giovane aquila! |trans-title=National – Abatneh flies to America, Canada calls the young eagle! |url=https://piccoleaquile1900.altervista.org/nazionale-abatneh-vola-in-america-il-canada-chiama-la-giovane-aquila/?doing_wp_cron=1681768795.2375938892364501953125 |website=Picco Aquile |language=it |access-date=May 5, 2026 |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225101955/https://piccoleaquile1900.altervista.org/nazionale-abatneh-vola-in-america-il-canada-chiama-la-giovane-aquila/?doing_wp_cron=1681768795.2375938892364501953125 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan haka, an kira shi zuwa tawagar gasar cin kofin CONCACAF U-20 ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fefè |first=Tommaso |title=Lazio, un giovane aquilotto protagonista dell'U20 del Canadadi |trans-title=Lazio, a young eagle protagonist of Canada's U20 |url=https://www.sololalazio.it/2022/06/17/lazio-un-giovane-aquilotto-protagonista-dellu20-del-canada/ |website=Solo Lalazio |language=it |access-date=2026-05-05 |archive-date=2024-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225103806/https://www.sololalazio.it/2022/06/17/lazio-un-giovane-aquilotto-protagonista-dellu20-del-canada/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Janairun 2026, an sanya masa suna zuwa Babban ƙungiyar Kanada a karo na farko, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tierney |first=Mitchell |date=January 6, 2026 |title='Dream come true': Abatneh, Coimbra on first CanMNT callups |url=https://www.canpl.ca/news/dream-come-true-abatneh-coimbra-on-first-canmnt-callups |website=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> don sansanin horo da abokantaka da Guatemala. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2026 |title=Atlético Ottawa defender Noah Abatneh called up to CANMNT squad |url=https://www.canpl.ca/atleticoottawa/news/atletico-ottawa-defender-noah-abatneh-called-up-to-canmnt-squad |website=[[Atlético Ottawa]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Healey |first=Josh |date=January 6, 2025 |title=CanMNT announces January squad, including Coimbra, Abatneh and Jimoh |url=https://www.hfxfootballpost.ca/canmnt-announces-january-squad-including-coimbra-abatneh-and-jimoh/ |website=HFX Football Post}}</ref> Ya bayyana a wasan da ya yi da Guatamala, duk da haka, kamar yadda aka sanya shi a matsayin abokantaka na matakin B, bai ƙidaya a matsayin babban jami'in ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 19, 2026 |title=Jimoh, Coimbra, Abatneh make CanMNT impact in friendly vs. Guatemala |url=https://www.canpl.ca/news/jimoh-coimbra-abatneh-make-canmnt-impact-in-friendly-vs-guatemala |website=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="2" |Kofin Cikin Gida ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Lazio |2022–23 |Jerin A |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |Lamezia Terme (an ba da rancen) | rowspan="2" |2022–23 |Jerin D |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 [ƙasa-alpha 1] |0 |5 |0 |- |Campodarsego (rashin kuɗi) |Jerin D |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |York United |2023 | rowspan="2" |Gasar Firimiya ta Kanada |12 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |12 |0 |- |2024 |22 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |23 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !34 !1 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !35 !1 |- |Atletico Ottawa |2025 |Gasar Firimiya ta Kanada |23 |1 |2 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |29 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !65 !2 !2 !0 !5 !0 !1 !0 !73 !2 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] nd1xjlmm5xn8xcgcylnwx0ls83cn411 0 149834 889067 832192 2026-07-29T16:19:14Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Emir Obuća (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1978) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Bosnia kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. == Ayyukan wasa == Obuća ya yi fice da yawa tare da kulob din Sarajevo, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai guda daya da kofuna hudu na cikin gida tare da kungiyar.<ref>[https://sportsport.ba/fudbal/emir-obuca-se-prikljucuje-strucnom-stabu-fk-sarajevo/196200 Emir Obuća se priključuje stručnom štabu FK Sarajevo?] - SportSport {{In lang|bs}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye 89 a wasanni 205 na kulob din.<ref>[https://sportsport.ba/fudbal/obuca-jedan-prekid-ce-odluciti-utakmicu/144080 Obuća: Jedan prekid će odlučiti utakmicu] - SportSport {{In lang|bs}}</ref> == Ayyukan gudanarwa == A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2022, an nada Obuća a matsayin manajan Sarajevo, bayan murabus din Feđa Dudić. <ref>{{Cite web |last=N.K. |date=20 October 2022 |title=Emir Obuća preuzima ulogu prvog trenera Sarajeva |url=https://www.klix.ba/sport/nogomet/emir-obuca-preuzima-ulogu-prvog-trenera-sarajeva/221020113 |access-date=20 October 2022 |publisher=Klix.ba |language=bs}}</ref> A wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin, Sarajevo ta doke Posušje a wasan league a ranar 23 ga Oktoba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N.K. |date=23 October 2022 |title=Sarajevo u debiju novog trenera slavilo u Posušju i skočilo na peto mjesto |url=https://www.klix.ba/sport/nogomet/sarajevo-u-debiju-novog-trenera-slavilo-u-posusju-i-skocilo-na-peto-mjesto/221023062 |access-date=23 October 2022 |publisher=Klix.ba |language=bs}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2022, ya sha kashi na farko a matsayin kocin a cikin asarar 2-0 ga Sloboda Tuzla . <ref>{{Cite web |last=A. Čaušević |date=5 November 2022 |title=Prvi gol će podignuti dosta prašine: Borbena Sloboda pobjedom protiv Sarajeva prekinula dugi post |url=https://sportsport.ba/fudbal/sloboda-sarajevo-20/437712 |access-date=5 November 2022 |publisher=sportsport.ba |language=bs}}</ref> Obuća ya gaji Mirza Varešanović a matsayin manajan a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N.K. |date=12 December 2022 |title=Mirza Varešanović je novi trener FK Sarajevo |url=https://www.klix.ba/sport/nogomet/mirza-varesanovic-je-novi-trener-fk-sarajevo/221212085 |access-date=12 December 2022 |publisher=Klix.ba |language=bs}}</ref> == Kididdigar gudanarwa == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Rubuce-rubucen manajan ta hanyar ƙungiya da kuma zama ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Zuwa ! colspan="8" |Rubuce-rubuce |- !{{Tooltip|G|Games managed}} !{{Tooltip|W|Games won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Games drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Games lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} !{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} !{{Tooltip|Win %|Winning percentage}} |- |Sarajevo (mai kula) |20 ga Oktoba 2022 |12 Disamba 2022{{WDL|4|2|0|2|for=4|against=5|diff=yes}} |- ! colspan="3" |Jimillar {{WDLtot|4|2|0|2|for=4|against=5|diff=yes}} |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] ==manazarta== m2o3xm9jbhrkawugwbjbsl7gexwausz 889068 889067 2026-07-29T16:19:29Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Emir Obuća (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1978) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Bosnia kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. == Ayyukan wasa == Obuća ya yi fice da yawa tare da kulob ɗin Sarajevo, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai guda ɗaya da kofuna huɗu na cikin gida tare da kungiyar.<ref>[https://sportsport.ba/fudbal/emir-obuca-se-prikljucuje-strucnom-stabu-fk-sarajevo/196200 Emir Obuća se priključuje stručnom štabu FK Sarajevo?] - SportSport {{In lang|bs}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye 89 a wasanni 205 na kulob din.<ref>[https://sportsport.ba/fudbal/obuca-jedan-prekid-ce-odluciti-utakmicu/144080 Obuća: Jedan prekid će odlučiti utakmicu] - SportSport {{In lang|bs}}</ref> == Ayyukan gudanarwa == A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2022, an nada Obuća a matsayin manajan Sarajevo, bayan murabus din Feđa Dudić. <ref>{{Cite web |last=N.K. |date=20 October 2022 |title=Emir Obuća preuzima ulogu prvog trenera Sarajeva |url=https://www.klix.ba/sport/nogomet/emir-obuca-preuzima-ulogu-prvog-trenera-sarajeva/221020113 |access-date=20 October 2022 |publisher=Klix.ba |language=bs}}</ref> A wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin, Sarajevo ta doke Posušje a wasan league a ranar 23 ga Oktoba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N.K. |date=23 October 2022 |title=Sarajevo u debiju novog trenera slavilo u Posušju i skočilo na peto mjesto |url=https://www.klix.ba/sport/nogomet/sarajevo-u-debiju-novog-trenera-slavilo-u-posusju-i-skocilo-na-peto-mjesto/221023062 |access-date=23 October 2022 |publisher=Klix.ba |language=bs}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2022, ya sha kashi na farko a matsayin kocin a cikin asarar 2-0 ga Sloboda Tuzla . <ref>{{Cite web |last=A. Čaušević |date=5 November 2022 |title=Prvi gol će podignuti dosta prašine: Borbena Sloboda pobjedom protiv Sarajeva prekinula dugi post |url=https://sportsport.ba/fudbal/sloboda-sarajevo-20/437712 |access-date=5 November 2022 |publisher=sportsport.ba |language=bs}}</ref> Obuća ya gaji Mirza Varešanović a matsayin manajan a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N.K. |date=12 December 2022 |title=Mirza Varešanović je novi trener FK Sarajevo |url=https://www.klix.ba/sport/nogomet/mirza-varesanovic-je-novi-trener-fk-sarajevo/221212085 |access-date=12 December 2022 |publisher=Klix.ba |language=bs}}</ref> == Kididdigar gudanarwa == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Rubuce-rubucen manajan ta hanyar ƙungiya da kuma zama ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Zuwa ! colspan="8" |Rubuce-rubuce |- !{{Tooltip|G|Games managed}} !{{Tooltip|W|Games won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Games drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Games lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} !{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} !{{Tooltip|Win %|Winning percentage}} |- |Sarajevo (mai kula) |20 ga Oktoba 2022 |12 Disamba 2022{{WDL|4|2|0|2|for=4|against=5|diff=yes}} |- ! colspan="3" |Jimillar {{WDLtot|4|2|0|2|for=4|against=5|diff=yes}} |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] ==manazarta== ga0o337m9zd5vs4nhvatkfsfj7ec6r7 0 150103 889010 881692 2026-07-29T15:29:30Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889010 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Willian Borges da Silva'14.JPG|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Willian Borges da Silva | hoto = Willian 2018.jpg | cikakken_suna = Willian Borges da Silva | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1988|8|9}} | wurin_haihuwa = Ribeirão Pires, São Paulo, Brazil | tsawo = 1.75 m | matsayi = Dan wasan gaba mai kai hari / Dan wasan tsakiya | kungiyar_yanzu = Fulham | lambar_riga = 22 | shekarun_matasa1 = 1998–2006 | kungiyoyin_matasa1 = Corinthians | shekaru1 = 2006–2007 | kungiyoyi1 = Corinthians | wasa1 = 16 | kwallaye1 = 2 | shekaru2 = 2007–2013 | kungiyoyi2 = Shakhtar Donetsk | wasa2 = 140 | kwallaye2 = 20 | shekaru3 = 2013 | kungiyoyi3 = Anzhi Makhachkala | wasa3 = 11 | kwallaye3 = 1 | shekaru4 = 2013–2020 | kungiyoyi4 = Chelsea | wasa4 = 234 | kwallaye4 = 37 | shekaru5 = 2020–2021 | kungiyoyi5 = Arsenal | wasa5 = 25 | kwallaye5 = 1 | shekaru6 = 2021–2022 | kungiyoyi6 = Corinthians | wasa6 = 31 | kwallaye6 = 1 | shekaru7 = 2022–2024 | kungiyoyi7 = Fulham | wasa7 = 58 | kwallaye7 = 10 | kungiyar_kasa1 = Brazil U20 | kungiyar_kasa2 = Brazil | wasannin_kasa2 = 70 | kwallayen_kasa2 = 9 | sabunta_klub = 2026 | sabunta_kasa = 2026 }} '''Willian Borges da Silva''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1988), wanda aka fi sani da '''Willian''', ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba mai kai hari ko kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya shahara saboda saurin gudunsa, ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo, da kuma iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar damar cin ƙwallaye ga abokan wasansa. A tsawon rayuwarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa, ya taka leda a manyan ƙungiyoyi a ƙasashen Brazil, Ukraine, Rasha da Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.premierleague.com/players/4260/Willian/overview](https://www.premierleague.com/players/4260/Willian/overview) |title=Willian: Overview |website=Premier League |access-date=2026-05-09 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Willian a garin Ribeirão Pires da ke jihar [[São Paulo]] a ƙasar Brazil. Tun yana ƙarami yake nuna sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya fara bugawa a ƙananan makarantu da kungiyoyin yara kafin ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta kungiyar Corinthians. A lokacin yana matashi, masu horarwa sun lura da ƙwarewarsa wajen gudu da iya amfani da ƙafafunsa biyu wajen sarrafa ƙwallo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/willian-brazil-chelsea-career-profile](https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/willian-brazil-chelsea-career-profile) |title=Willian Career Profile |website=FIFA |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> == Aikin kungiyar kwallon kafa == === Corinthians === Willian ya fara buga wa babbar kungiyar Corinthians wasa a shekara ta 2006 bayan ya kammala matakin matasa. Duk da cewa bai daɗe sosai a kungiyar ba, ya nuna bajinta wanda ya jawo hankalin kungiyoyin Turai. Salon wasansa ya haɗa da saurin kai hari daga gefe da kuma iya tsallake ’yan baya cikin sauri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.corinthians.com.br/clube/idolos/willian](https://www.corinthians.com.br/clube/idolos/willian) |title=Willian no Corinthians |website=Corinthians |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> === Shakhtar Donetsk === A shekara ta 2007, Willian ya koma kungiyar [[Shakhtar Donetsk]] ta ƙasar Ukraine. Wannan mataki ne mai muhimmanci a rayuwarsa saboda ya samu damar taka leda a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA da kuma manyan gasannin cikin gida. A lokacin da yake Shakhtar, ya taimaka wa kungiyar wajen lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da gasar Premier League ta Ukraine da kuma kofin UEFA Europa League a shekarar 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/seasons/2009/](https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/seasons/2009/) |title=UEFA Europa League 2009 |website=UEFA |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> A Shakhtar Donetsk, Willian ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ’yan wasan kungiyar saboda dabarunsa da iya cin ƙwallaye daga nesa. Haka kuma, ya yi suna wajen taimakawa kungiyar wajen kai hare-hare masu hatsari. Lokacin da yake Ukraine, ya samu gogewa sosai a matakin Turai wanda ya taimaka wajen haɓaka ƙwarewarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.transfermarkt.com/willian/profil/spieler/52769](https://www.transfermarkt.com/willian/profil/spieler/52769) |title=Willian Profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> === Anzhi Makhachkala === A shekarar 2013, Willian ya koma kungiyar Anzhi Makhachkala ta ƙasar Rasha kan kuɗi masu yawa. Sai dai zamansa a kungiyar bai daɗe ba saboda matsalolin kuɗi da suka addabi kungiyar. Duk da gajeren lokacin da ya yi a can, ya nuna ƙwarewa a wasannin da ya buga.<ref>{{Cite news |url=[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23763998](https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23763998) |title=Willian joins Anzhi Makhachkala |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=2026-05-09 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Chelsea === Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Anzhi, kungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila ta sayi Willian a shekarar 2013. A Chelsea ne ya fi yin suna a duniya, inda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ’yan wasan kungiyar tsawon shekaru bakwai. Ya taimaka wa kungiyar wajen lashe kofin Premier League sau biyu, FA Cup, EFL Cup da kuma UEFA Europa League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.chelseafc.com/en/teams/profile/willian](https://www.chelseafc.com/en/teams/profile/willian) |title=Willian Profile |website=Chelsea FC |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> Willian ya shahara a Chelsea saboda iya bugun fanareti da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Haka kuma yana taka rawa sosai wajen kare ƙungiya duk da kasancewarsa ɗan gaba. Masu horarwa daban-daban kamar [[José Mourinho]], Antonio Conte da Maurizio Sarri sun yaba masa saboda ƙwazonsa da aiki tukuru a fili.<ref>{{Cite news |url=[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11668/12060137/willian-chelsea-career-review](https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11668/12060137/willian-chelsea-career-review) |title=Willian Chelsea Career Review |publisher=Sky Sports |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> === Arsenal === A shekarar 2020, Willian ya koma kungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] bayan kwantiraginsa da Chelsea ya ƙare. Sai dai zamansa a Arsenal bai yi armashi sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da lokacin da ya yi a Chelsea. Duk da haka, ya taimaka wa matasan kungiyar da gogewarsa a gasar Premier League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.arsenal.com/news/willian-signs-arsenal](https://www.arsenal.com/news/willian-signs-arsenal) |title=Willian signs for Arsenal |website=Arsenal FC |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> === Komawa Corinthians === A shekarar 2021, Willian ya koma tsohuwar kungiyarsa ta Corinthians domin ci gaba da taka leda a ƙasarsa ta haihuwa. Magoya bayan kungiyar sun yi maraba da dawowarsa saboda kasancewarsa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ’yan wasan da suka fito daga makarantar kungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/corinthians/noticia/willian-e-anunciado-pelo-corinthians.ghtml](https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/corinthians/noticia/willian-e-anunciado-pelo-corinthians.ghtml) |title=Willian returns to Corinthians |website=Globo Esporte |access-date=2026-05-09 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Fulham === Daga baya Willian ya koma kungiyar [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] ta Ingila inda ya sake nuna gogewarsa a gasar Premier League. Duk da tsufarsa idan aka kwatanta da farkon aikinsa, ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo da taimakawa kungiyar a hare-hare.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.fulhamfc.com/player-profiles/willian](https://www.fulhamfc.com/player-profiles/willian) |title=Willian Profile |website=Fulham FC |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Willian ya fara bugawa tawagar ƙasar Brazil wasa tun daga matakin ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar tawagar ƙasa. Ya wakilci Brazil a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da kuma Copa América. Masu horarwa sun yawaita amfani da shi saboda iya kai hari daga gefe da kuma taimakawa wajen dawo da ƙwallo daga hannun abokan hamayya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2018russia/teams/43924](https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2018russia/teams/43924) |title=Brazil Squad 2018 World Cup |website=FIFA |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> A gasar Copa América ta 2019, Willian ya taimaka wa Brazil wajen lashe kofin bayan ya maye gurbin [[Neymar]] wanda ya ji rauni kafin fara gasar. Ya taka rawa sosai wajen kai kungiyar zuwa nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.conmebol.com/en/copa-america-2019](https://www.conmebol.com/en/copa-america-2019) |title=Copa América 2019 |website=CONMEBOL |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Willian ya shahara saboda saurin gudu, iya dribbling, da kuma amfani da dabaru wajen tsallake ’yan baya. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da kuma taimakawa wajen kare baya idan ƙungiyarsa ta rasa ƙwallo. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa sun yaba masa saboda aiki tukuru da rashin gajiya a fili.<ref>{{Cite news |url=[https://www.goal.com/en/news/willian-playing-style-analysis/blt123456](https://www.goal.com/en/news/willian-playing-style-analysis/blt123456) |title=Willian Playing Style Analysis |publisher=Goal.com |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai == Willian mutum ne mai son iyali kuma mai bin addinin Kirista. Ya yi aure kuma yana da yara. A lokuta da dama ya bayyana muhimmancin iyali da addini a rayuwarsa. Haka kuma yana shiga ayyukan tallafawa al’umma da taimakon marasa galihu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.theplayerstribune.com/articles/willian-brazil-chelsea](https://www.theplayerstribune.com/articles/willian-brazil-chelsea) |title=Willian on Family and Football |website=The Players' Tribune |access-date=2026-05-09 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == === Shakhtar Donetsk === * Ukrainian Premier League: 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13 * Ukrainian Cup: 2007–08, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13 * UEFA Europa League: 2008–09<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/seasons/2009/](https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/seasons/2009/) |title=UEFA Europa League 2009 |website=UEFA |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> === Chelsea === * Premier League: 2014–15, 2016–17 * FA Cup: 2017–18 * EFL Cup: 2014–15 * UEFA Europa League: 2018–19<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.premierleague.com/clubs/4/Chelsea/overview](https://www.premierleague.com/clubs/4/Chelsea/overview) |title=Chelsea Honours |website=Premier League |access-date=2026-05-09 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Brazil === * Copa América: 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.conmebol.com/en/copa-america-2019](https://www.conmebol.com/en/copa-america-2019) |title=Copa América 2019 |website=CONMEBOL |access-date=2026-05-09}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Brazil-kwallon-kafa-stub}} [[Category:Haihuwar 1988]] [[Category:'Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Brazil]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Chelsea F.C.]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Arsenal F.C.]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Fulham F.C.]] [[Category:Mutanen Brazil masu rai]] 50j14dy84asldcmvv5jt5sskwcwqf6k 0 150734 888958 834575 2026-07-29T13:22:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 888958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarina Isabel Calpo Bolden''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996)<ref name="we-prof">{{Cite web |title=サリナ ボールデン |trans-title=Sarina Bolden |url=https://data.weleague.jp/SFIX04/?player_id=44650 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=WE LEAGUE Data Site |language=ja}}</ref> ta kasance ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce. An haife ta a Amurka, tana wakiltar ƙasar Philippines a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bolden tana da matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a Philippines . A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2023, Bolden ta zura kwallo a raga a kan mai masaukin baki New Zealand, inda ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a tarihin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Bolden scores first ever goal for Philippines in FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/bolden-scores-first-goal-for-philippines-fifa-womens-world-cup-new-zealand/article67118636.ece |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sarina Isabel Bolden a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996 a Santa Clara, California, Amurka ga Sherry da Robert Bolden kuma tana da ƙane. <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta 'yar Pangasinan ce. Mahaifinta [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka]] ne. <ref name="vogue1">{{Cite web |last=Nazareno |first=Mia |date=30 September 2023 |title=Squad Goals: Making History With The Filipinas Football Team |url=https://vogue.ph/magazine/filipinas-football-team-october-2023-cover-story/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Vogue Philippines |publisher=Mega Global Licensing Inc. is}}</ref> Iyayen Sarina suna son wasanni, kodayake ƙwallon ƙafa ba shine babban abin da suke koya ba. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Milpitas <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> daga baya kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta sami digirin kasuwanci wanda take da niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin madadin aikinta na wasanni. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Ta buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ƙwallon softball na makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas. Tare da ƙungiyar Trojans ta makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas, Bolden ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare zuwa ga lashe gasar SCVAL El Camino Division ta 2015. An naɗa ta a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko da aka zaɓa a All-SCVAL tsawon shekaru uku daga 2013 zuwa 2015. <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> A matakin kulob, Bolden ya buga wa MVLA Mercury Black '96 wasa, inda ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kai ga gasar cin kofin kasa ta ECNL ta 2014, kuma ya taimaka wa De Anza Force '95 ta lashe gasar ECNL ta Arewa maso Yamma ta 2013 da 2015. <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> == Aikin kwaleji == Bolden ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta makarantar wasa. A shekarar 2016 ta zira kwallaye shida a ƙungiyar kwalejinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar farko ta All-West Coast Conference da kuma NSCAA All-West Region. == Aikin kulob == Bolden a shekarar 2020 ta buga wa Xinbei Hangyuan wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Taiwan Mulan . Daga baya ta buga wa San Francisco Nighthawks na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Premier a Amurka. A watan Yunin 2021, Elfen Saitama na WE League of Japan ya sanya hannu kan Bolden. Ta fara buga wasa a wasan da Saitama ta sha kashi a hannun Tokyo Verdy Beleza da ci 1-4 a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2021, bayan an kawo ta a matsayin madadinta a minti na 62. Bolden, wacce harshenta na asali Ingilishi ne, ba ta da iyaka ga iyawarta ta yin mu'amala da abokan wasanta. A watan Disamba na 2022, Bolden ta soke kwangilarta da Elfen Saitama ta kuma koma kulob din Western Sydney Wanderers na Australia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=サリナ ボールデン選手 Western Sydney Wanderers FCへ移籍のお知らせ |trans-title=Notice of transfer of Sarina Bolden to Western Sydney Wanderers FC |url=https://www.as-elfen.co.jp/information/1342/ |website=[[Chifure AS Elfen Saitama|Elfen Saitama]] |language=ja}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasannin A-League Women ta 2023–24, an fahimci cewa Western Sydney Wanderers ba ta sake sayen Bolden ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goman |first=Kris |date=11 October 2023 |title=The Impetus A-League Women season preview 2023/24 |url=https://impetusfootball.org/2023/10/11/the-impetus-a-league-women-season-preview-2023-24/ |website=Impetus Football |quote=Sarina Bolden who represented the Philippines appears to have not been re-signed}}</ref> Bolden ta ce ta sami tayi daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, amma ta fi son ci gaba da kasancewa a A-League kuma kada ta yi wani "babban tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje" a wannan lokacin a cikin aikinta. A halin yanzu, ta dogara ne kawai da lokacin wasa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines don kula da lafiyarta. Bayan zagaye biyar na kakar wasa ta 2023–24, Newcastle Jets ta ɗauki Bolden a matsayin aro kuma ta buga wasan ranar da aka ɗauke ta, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2023 |title=Newcastle Jets sign Philippines international Sarina Bolden |url=https://newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/newcastle-jets-sign-philippines-international-sarina-bolden |website=[[Newcastle Jets FC|Newcastle Jets]]}}</ref> Babban kocin ƙungiyar Gary van Egmond zai gayyaci Bolden ya shiga ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ayyukan Bolden tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jami'ar Loyola Marymount sun sa aka gayyace ta zuwa sansanin horo a Orlando, Florida a watan Afrilun 2017 wanda ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Amurka ta shirya. A ƙarshen 2017, ta sami damar shiga sansanonin horo da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Philippines ta shirya kuma ta jawo hankalin Richard Boon, babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a lokacin. Daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2018. A wasan farko na rukuni na ƙasar Philippines da mai masaukin baki Jordan, Bolden ta yi nasarar shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko. Ta zura wa ƙasar Philippines ƙwallon da ta ci a wasan da suka yi da masu masaukin baki da ci 2-1. An sanya sunan Bolden a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2022. Philippines ta kai matakin ƙwallo a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC a karon farko. A lokacin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Taipei ta ƙasar China, wanda ya ƙare da bugun fenariti bayan kunnen doki 1-1, Bolden ta zira ƙwallon da ta yi nasara, wadda ta sa Philippines ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, bugu na 2023. A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2023, ta zira ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da ta ci New Zealand mai masaukin baki 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallo da nasara ta farko da ƙasarta ta ci a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=Sarina Bolden spoils New Zealand party and hands Philippines historic win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/25/new-zealand-philippines-womens-world-cup-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== 2pe5lfhop832s7qenewxp0qsuzqvqyq 888959 888958 2026-07-29T13:23:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 888959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarina Isabel Calpo Bolden''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996)<ref name="we-prof">{{Cite web |title=サリナ ボールデン |trans-title=Sarina Bolden |url=https://data.weleague.jp/SFIX04/?player_id=44650 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=WE LEAGUE Data Site |language=ja}}</ref> ta kasance ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce. An haife ta a [[Amurka]], tana wakiltar ƙasar Philippines a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bolden tana da matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a Philippines . A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2023, Bolden ta zura kwallo a raga a kan mai masaukin baki New Zealand, inda ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a tarihin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Bolden scores first ever goal for Philippines in FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/bolden-scores-first-goal-for-philippines-fifa-womens-world-cup-new-zealand/article67118636.ece |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sarina Isabel Bolden a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996 a Santa Clara, California, Amurka ga Sherry da Robert Bolden kuma tana da ƙane. <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta 'yar Pangasinan ce. Mahaifinta [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka]] ne. <ref name="vogue1">{{Cite web |last=Nazareno |first=Mia |date=30 September 2023 |title=Squad Goals: Making History With The Filipinas Football Team |url=https://vogue.ph/magazine/filipinas-football-team-october-2023-cover-story/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Vogue Philippines |publisher=Mega Global Licensing Inc. is}}</ref> Iyayen Sarina suna son wasanni, kodayake ƙwallon ƙafa ba shine babban abin da suke koya ba. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Milpitas <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> daga baya kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta sami digirin kasuwanci wanda take da niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin madadin aikinta na wasanni. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Ta buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ƙwallon softball na makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas. Tare da ƙungiyar Trojans ta makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas, Bolden ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare zuwa ga lashe gasar SCVAL El Camino Division ta 2015. An naɗa ta a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko da aka zaɓa a All-SCVAL tsawon shekaru uku daga 2013 zuwa 2015. <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> A matakin kulob, Bolden ya buga wa MVLA Mercury Black '96 wasa, inda ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kai ga gasar cin kofin kasa ta ECNL ta 2014, kuma ya taimaka wa De Anza Force '95 ta lashe gasar ECNL ta Arewa maso Yamma ta 2013 da 2015. <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> == Aikin kwaleji == Bolden ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta makarantar wasa. A shekarar 2016 ta zira kwallaye shida a ƙungiyar kwalejinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar farko ta All-West Coast Conference da kuma NSCAA All-West Region. == Aikin kulob == Bolden a shekarar 2020 ta buga wa Xinbei Hangyuan wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Taiwan Mulan . Daga baya ta buga wa San Francisco Nighthawks na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Premier a Amurka. A watan Yunin 2021, Elfen Saitama na WE League of Japan ya sanya hannu kan Bolden. Ta fara buga wasa a wasan da Saitama ta sha kashi a hannun Tokyo Verdy Beleza da ci 1-4 a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2021, bayan an kawo ta a matsayin madadinta a minti na 62. Bolden, wacce harshenta na asali Ingilishi ne, ba ta da iyaka ga iyawarta ta yin mu'amala da abokan wasanta. A watan Disamba na 2022, Bolden ta soke kwangilarta da Elfen Saitama ta kuma koma kulob din Western Sydney Wanderers na Australia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=サリナ ボールデン選手 Western Sydney Wanderers FCへ移籍のお知らせ |trans-title=Notice of transfer of Sarina Bolden to Western Sydney Wanderers FC |url=https://www.as-elfen.co.jp/information/1342/ |website=[[Chifure AS Elfen Saitama|Elfen Saitama]] |language=ja}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasannin A-League Women ta 2023–24, an fahimci cewa Western Sydney Wanderers ba ta sake sayen Bolden ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goman |first=Kris |date=11 October 2023 |title=The Impetus A-League Women season preview 2023/24 |url=https://impetusfootball.org/2023/10/11/the-impetus-a-league-women-season-preview-2023-24/ |website=Impetus Football |quote=Sarina Bolden who represented the Philippines appears to have not been re-signed}}</ref> Bolden ta ce ta sami tayi daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, amma ta fi son ci gaba da kasancewa a A-League kuma kada ta yi wani "babban tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje" a wannan lokacin a cikin aikinta. A halin yanzu, ta dogara ne kawai da lokacin wasa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines don kula da lafiyarta. Bayan zagaye biyar na kakar wasa ta 2023–24, Newcastle Jets ta ɗauki Bolden a matsayin aro kuma ta buga wasan ranar da aka ɗauke ta, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2023 |title=Newcastle Jets sign Philippines international Sarina Bolden |url=https://newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/newcastle-jets-sign-philippines-international-sarina-bolden |website=[[Newcastle Jets FC|Newcastle Jets]]}}</ref> Babban kocin ƙungiyar Gary van Egmond zai gayyaci Bolden ya shiga ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ayyukan Bolden tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jami'ar Loyola Marymount sun sa aka gayyace ta zuwa sansanin horo a Orlando, Florida a watan Afrilun 2017 wanda ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Amurka ta shirya. A ƙarshen 2017, ta sami damar shiga sansanonin horo da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Philippines ta shirya kuma ta jawo hankalin Richard Boon, babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a lokacin. Daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2018. A wasan farko na rukuni na ƙasar Philippines da mai masaukin baki Jordan, Bolden ta yi nasarar shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko. Ta zura wa ƙasar Philippines ƙwallon da ta ci a wasan da suka yi da masu masaukin baki da ci 2-1. An sanya sunan Bolden a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2022. Philippines ta kai matakin ƙwallo a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC a karon farko. A lokacin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Taipei ta ƙasar China, wanda ya ƙare da bugun fenariti bayan kunnen doki 1-1, Bolden ta zira ƙwallon da ta yi nasara, wadda ta sa Philippines ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, bugu na 2023. A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2023, ta zira ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da ta ci New Zealand mai masaukin baki 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallo da nasara ta farko da ƙasarta ta ci a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=Sarina Bolden spoils New Zealand party and hands Philippines historic win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/25/new-zealand-philippines-womens-world-cup-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== j4zjbxck0qwb67ldx29fm7gphprwlf9 888960 888959 2026-07-29T13:23:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 888960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarina Isabel Calpo Bolden''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996)<ref name="we-prof">{{Cite web |title=サリナ ボールデン |trans-title=Sarina Bolden |url=https://data.weleague.jp/SFIX04/?player_id=44650 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=WE LEAGUE Data Site |language=ja}}</ref> ta kasance ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce. An haife ta a [[Amurka]], tana wakiltar ƙasar Philippines a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bolden tana da matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a Philippines . A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2023, Bolden ta zura kwallo a raga a kan mai masaukin baki New Zealand, inda ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a tarihin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Bolden scores first ever goal for Philippines in FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/bolden-scores-first-goal-for-philippines-fifa-womens-world-cup-new-zealand/article67118636.ece |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sarina Isabel Bolden a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996 a Santa Clara, California, Amurka ga Sherry da Robert Bolden kuma tana da ƙane.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta 'yar Pangasinan ce. Mahaifinta [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka]] ne.<ref name="vogue1">{{Cite web |last=Nazareno |first=Mia |date=30 September 2023 |title=Squad Goals: Making History With The Filipinas Football Team |url=https://vogue.ph/magazine/filipinas-football-team-october-2023-cover-story/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Vogue Philippines |publisher=Mega Global Licensing Inc. is}}</ref> Iyayen Sarina suna son wasanni, kodayake ƙwallon ƙafa ba shine babban abin da suke koya ba. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Milpitas <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> daga baya kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta sami digirin kasuwanci wanda take da niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin madadin aikinta na wasanni. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Ta buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ƙwallon softball na makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas. Tare da ƙungiyar Trojans ta makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas, Bolden ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare zuwa ga lashe gasar SCVAL El Camino Division ta 2015. An naɗa ta a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko da aka zaɓa a All-SCVAL tsawon shekaru uku daga 2013 zuwa 2015. <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> A matakin kulob, Bolden ya buga wa MVLA Mercury Black '96 wasa, inda ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kai ga gasar cin kofin kasa ta ECNL ta 2014, kuma ya taimaka wa De Anza Force '95 ta lashe gasar ECNL ta Arewa maso Yamma ta 2013 da 2015. <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> == Aikin kwaleji == Bolden ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta makarantar wasa. A shekarar 2016 ta zira kwallaye shida a ƙungiyar kwalejinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar farko ta All-West Coast Conference da kuma NSCAA All-West Region. == Aikin kulob == Bolden a shekarar 2020 ta buga wa Xinbei Hangyuan wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Taiwan Mulan . Daga baya ta buga wa San Francisco Nighthawks na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Premier a Amurka. A watan Yunin 2021, Elfen Saitama na WE League of Japan ya sanya hannu kan Bolden. Ta fara buga wasa a wasan da Saitama ta sha kashi a hannun Tokyo Verdy Beleza da ci 1-4 a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2021, bayan an kawo ta a matsayin madadinta a minti na 62. Bolden, wacce harshenta na asali Ingilishi ne, ba ta da iyaka ga iyawarta ta yin mu'amala da abokan wasanta. A watan Disamba na 2022, Bolden ta soke kwangilarta da Elfen Saitama ta kuma koma kulob din Western Sydney Wanderers na Australia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=サリナ ボールデン選手 Western Sydney Wanderers FCへ移籍のお知らせ |trans-title=Notice of transfer of Sarina Bolden to Western Sydney Wanderers FC |url=https://www.as-elfen.co.jp/information/1342/ |website=[[Chifure AS Elfen Saitama|Elfen Saitama]] |language=ja}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasannin A-League Women ta 2023–24, an fahimci cewa Western Sydney Wanderers ba ta sake sayen Bolden ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goman |first=Kris |date=11 October 2023 |title=The Impetus A-League Women season preview 2023/24 |url=https://impetusfootball.org/2023/10/11/the-impetus-a-league-women-season-preview-2023-24/ |website=Impetus Football |quote=Sarina Bolden who represented the Philippines appears to have not been re-signed}}</ref> Bolden ta ce ta sami tayi daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, amma ta fi son ci gaba da kasancewa a A-League kuma kada ta yi wani "babban tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje" a wannan lokacin a cikin aikinta. A halin yanzu, ta dogara ne kawai da lokacin wasa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines don kula da lafiyarta. Bayan zagaye biyar na kakar wasa ta 2023–24, Newcastle Jets ta ɗauki Bolden a matsayin aro kuma ta buga wasan ranar da aka ɗauke ta, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2023 |title=Newcastle Jets sign Philippines international Sarina Bolden |url=https://newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/newcastle-jets-sign-philippines-international-sarina-bolden |website=[[Newcastle Jets FC|Newcastle Jets]]}}</ref> Babban kocin ƙungiyar Gary van Egmond zai gayyaci Bolden ya shiga ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ayyukan Bolden tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jami'ar Loyola Marymount sun sa aka gayyace ta zuwa sansanin horo a Orlando, Florida a watan Afrilun 2017 wanda ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Amurka ta shirya. A ƙarshen 2017, ta sami damar shiga sansanonin horo da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Philippines ta shirya kuma ta jawo hankalin Richard Boon, babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a lokacin. Daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2018. A wasan farko na rukuni na ƙasar Philippines da mai masaukin baki Jordan, Bolden ta yi nasarar shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko. Ta zura wa ƙasar Philippines ƙwallon da ta ci a wasan da suka yi da masu masaukin baki da ci 2-1. An sanya sunan Bolden a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2022. Philippines ta kai matakin ƙwallo a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC a karon farko. A lokacin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Taipei ta ƙasar China, wanda ya ƙare da bugun fenariti bayan kunnen doki 1-1, Bolden ta zira ƙwallon da ta yi nasara, wadda ta sa Philippines ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, bugu na 2023. A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2023, ta zira ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da ta ci New Zealand mai masaukin baki 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallo da nasara ta farko da ƙasarta ta ci a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=Sarina Bolden spoils New Zealand party and hands Philippines historic win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/25/new-zealand-philippines-womens-world-cup-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== izk2sb972jzr8dtzc6jrjkltc6in5xr 888961 888960 2026-07-29T13:23:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 888961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarina Isabel Calpo Bolden''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996)<ref name="we-prof">{{Cite web |title=サリナ ボールデン |trans-title=Sarina Bolden |url=https://data.weleague.jp/SFIX04/?player_id=44650 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=WE LEAGUE Data Site |language=ja}}</ref> ta kasance ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce. An haife ta a [[Amurka]], tana wakiltar ƙasar Philippines a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bolden tana da matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a Philippines . A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2023, Bolden ta zura kwallo a raga a kan mai masaukin baki New Zealand, inda ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a tarihin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Bolden scores first ever goal for Philippines in FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/bolden-scores-first-goal-for-philippines-fifa-womens-world-cup-new-zealand/article67118636.ece |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sarina Isabel Bolden a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996 a Santa Clara, California, Amurka ga Sherry da Robert Bolden kuma tana da ƙane.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta 'yar Pangasinan ce. Mahaifinta [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka]] ne.<ref name="vogue1">{{Cite web |last=Nazareno |first=Mia |date=30 September 2023 |title=Squad Goals: Making History With The Filipinas Football Team |url=https://vogue.ph/magazine/filipinas-football-team-october-2023-cover-story/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Vogue Philippines |publisher=Mega Global Licensing Inc. is}}</ref> Iyayen Sarina suna son wasanni, kodayake ƙwallon ƙafa ba shine babban abin da suke koya ba. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Milpitas <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> daga baya kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta sami digirin kasuwanci wanda take da niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin madadin aikinta na wasanni. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Ta buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ƙwallon softball na makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas. Tare da ƙungiyar Trojans ta makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas, Bolden ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare zuwa ga lashe gasar SCVAL El Camino Division ta 2015. An naɗa ta a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko da aka zaɓa a All-SCVAL tsawon shekaru uku daga 2013 zuwa 2015.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> A matakin kulob, Bolden ya buga wa MVLA Mercury Black '96 wasa, inda ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kai ga gasar cin kofin kasa ta ECNL ta 2014, kuma ya taimaka wa De Anza Force '95 ta lashe gasar ECNL ta Arewa maso Yamma ta 2013 da 2015.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> == Aikin kwaleji == Bolden ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta makarantar wasa. A shekarar 2016 ta zira kwallaye shida a ƙungiyar kwalejinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar farko ta All-West Coast Conference da kuma NSCAA All-West Region. == Aikin kulob == Bolden a shekarar 2020 ta buga wa Xinbei Hangyuan wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Taiwan Mulan . Daga baya ta buga wa San Francisco Nighthawks na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Premier a Amurka. A watan Yunin 2021, Elfen Saitama na WE League of Japan ya sanya hannu kan Bolden. Ta fara buga wasa a wasan da Saitama ta sha kashi a hannun Tokyo Verdy Beleza da ci 1-4 a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2021, bayan an kawo ta a matsayin madadinta a minti na 62. Bolden, wacce harshenta na asali Ingilishi ne, ba ta da iyaka ga iyawarta ta yin mu'amala da abokan wasanta. A watan Disamba na 2022, Bolden ta soke kwangilarta da Elfen Saitama ta kuma koma kulob din Western Sydney Wanderers na Australia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=サリナ ボールデン選手 Western Sydney Wanderers FCへ移籍のお知らせ |trans-title=Notice of transfer of Sarina Bolden to Western Sydney Wanderers FC |url=https://www.as-elfen.co.jp/information/1342/ |website=[[Chifure AS Elfen Saitama|Elfen Saitama]] |language=ja}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasannin A-League Women ta 2023–24, an fahimci cewa Western Sydney Wanderers ba ta sake sayen Bolden ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goman |first=Kris |date=11 October 2023 |title=The Impetus A-League Women season preview 2023/24 |url=https://impetusfootball.org/2023/10/11/the-impetus-a-league-women-season-preview-2023-24/ |website=Impetus Football |quote=Sarina Bolden who represented the Philippines appears to have not been re-signed}}</ref> Bolden ta ce ta sami tayi daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, amma ta fi son ci gaba da kasancewa a A-League kuma kada ta yi wani "babban tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje" a wannan lokacin a cikin aikinta. A halin yanzu, ta dogara ne kawai da lokacin wasa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines don kula da lafiyarta. Bayan zagaye biyar na kakar wasa ta 2023–24, Newcastle Jets ta ɗauki Bolden a matsayin aro kuma ta buga wasan ranar da aka ɗauke ta, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2023 |title=Newcastle Jets sign Philippines international Sarina Bolden |url=https://newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/newcastle-jets-sign-philippines-international-sarina-bolden |website=[[Newcastle Jets FC|Newcastle Jets]]}}</ref> Babban kocin ƙungiyar Gary van Egmond zai gayyaci Bolden ya shiga ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ayyukan Bolden tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jami'ar Loyola Marymount sun sa aka gayyace ta zuwa sansanin horo a Orlando, Florida a watan Afrilun 2017 wanda ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Amurka ta shirya. A ƙarshen 2017, ta sami damar shiga sansanonin horo da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Philippines ta shirya kuma ta jawo hankalin Richard Boon, babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a lokacin. Daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2018. A wasan farko na rukuni na ƙasar Philippines da mai masaukin baki Jordan, Bolden ta yi nasarar shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko. Ta zura wa ƙasar Philippines ƙwallon da ta ci a wasan da suka yi da masu masaukin baki da ci 2-1. An sanya sunan Bolden a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2022. Philippines ta kai matakin ƙwallo a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC a karon farko. A lokacin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Taipei ta ƙasar China, wanda ya ƙare da bugun fenariti bayan kunnen doki 1-1, Bolden ta zira ƙwallon da ta yi nasara, wadda ta sa Philippines ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, bugu na 2023. A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2023, ta zira ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da ta ci New Zealand mai masaukin baki 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallo da nasara ta farko da ƙasarta ta ci a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=Sarina Bolden spoils New Zealand party and hands Philippines historic win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/25/new-zealand-philippines-womens-world-cup-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== 9vg52ld0u59wdbxdfqce1d3p14zl2am 888962 888961 2026-07-29T13:24:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 888962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarina Isabel Calpo Bolden''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996)<ref name="we-prof">{{Cite web |title=サリナ ボールデン |trans-title=Sarina Bolden |url=https://data.weleague.jp/SFIX04/?player_id=44650 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=WE LEAGUE Data Site |language=ja}}</ref> ta kasance ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce. An haife ta a [[Amurka]], tana wakiltar ƙasar Philippines a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bolden tana da matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a Philippines . A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2023, Bolden ta zura kwallo a raga a kan mai masaukin baki New Zealand, inda ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a tarihin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Bolden scores first ever goal for Philippines in FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/bolden-scores-first-goal-for-philippines-fifa-womens-world-cup-new-zealand/article67118636.ece |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sarina Isabel Bolden a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996 a Santa Clara, California, Amurka ga Sherry da Robert Bolden kuma tana da ƙane.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta 'yar Pangasinan ce. Mahaifinta [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka]] ne.<ref name="vogue1">{{Cite web |last=Nazareno |first=Mia |date=30 September 2023 |title=Squad Goals: Making History With The Filipinas Football Team |url=https://vogue.ph/magazine/filipinas-football-team-october-2023-cover-story/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Vogue Philippines |publisher=Mega Global Licensing Inc. is}}</ref> Iyayen Sarina suna son wasanni, kodayake ƙwallon ƙafa ba shine babban abin da suke koya ba. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Milpitas <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> daga baya kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta sami digirin kasuwanci wanda take da niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin madadin aikinta na wasanni. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Ta buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ƙwallon softball na makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas. Tare da ƙungiyar Trojans ta makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas, Bolden ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare zuwa ga lashe gasar SCVAL El Camino Division ta 2015. An naɗa ta a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko da aka zaɓa a All-SCVAL tsawon shekaru uku daga 2013 zuwa 2015.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> A matakin kulob, Bolden ya buga wa MVLA Mercury Black '96 wasa, inda ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kai ga gasar cin kofin kasa ta ECNL ta 2014, kuma ya taimaka wa De Anza Force '95 ta lashe gasar ECNL ta Arewa maso Yamma ta 2013 da 2015.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> == Aikin kwaleji == Bolden ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta makarantar wasa. A shekarar 2016 ta zira kwallaye shida a ƙungiyar kwalejinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar farko ta All-West Coast Conference da kuma NSCAA All-West Region. == Aikin kulob == Bolden a shekarar 2020 ta buga wa Xinbei Hangyuan wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Taiwan Mulan . Daga baya ta buga wa San Francisco Nighthawks na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Premier a [[Amurka]]. A watan Yunin 2021, Elfen Saitama na WE League of Japan ya sanya hannu kan Bolden. Ta fara buga wasa a wasan da Saitama ta sha kashi a hannun Tokyo Verdy Beleza da ci 1-4 a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2021, bayan an kawo ta a matsayin madadinta a minti na 62. Bolden, wacce harshenta na asali Ingilishi ne, ba ta da iyaka ga iyawarta ta yin mu'amala da abokan wasanta. A watan Disamba na 2022, Bolden ta soke kwangilarta da Elfen Saitama ta kuma koma kulob din Western Sydney Wanderers na Australia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=サリナ ボールデン選手 Western Sydney Wanderers FCへ移籍のお知らせ |trans-title=Notice of transfer of Sarina Bolden to Western Sydney Wanderers FC |url=https://www.as-elfen.co.jp/information/1342/ |website=[[Chifure AS Elfen Saitama|Elfen Saitama]] |language=ja}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasannin A-League Women ta 2023–24, an fahimci cewa Western Sydney Wanderers ba ta sake sayen Bolden ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goman |first=Kris |date=11 October 2023 |title=The Impetus A-League Women season preview 2023/24 |url=https://impetusfootball.org/2023/10/11/the-impetus-a-league-women-season-preview-2023-24/ |website=Impetus Football |quote=Sarina Bolden who represented the Philippines appears to have not been re-signed}}</ref> Bolden ta ce ta sami tayi daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, amma ta fi son ci gaba da kasancewa a A-League kuma kada ta yi wani "babban tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje" a wannan lokacin a cikin aikinta. A halin yanzu, ta dogara ne kawai da lokacin wasa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines don kula da lafiyarta. Bayan zagaye biyar na kakar wasa ta 2023–24, Newcastle Jets ta ɗauki Bolden a matsayin aro kuma ta buga wasan ranar da aka ɗauke ta, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2023 |title=Newcastle Jets sign Philippines international Sarina Bolden |url=https://newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/newcastle-jets-sign-philippines-international-sarina-bolden |website=[[Newcastle Jets FC|Newcastle Jets]]}}</ref> Babban kocin ƙungiyar Gary van Egmond zai gayyaci Bolden ya shiga ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ayyukan Bolden tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jami'ar Loyola Marymount sun sa aka gayyace ta zuwa sansanin horo a Orlando, Florida a watan Afrilun 2017 wanda ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Amurka ta shirya. A ƙarshen 2017, ta sami damar shiga sansanonin horo da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Philippines ta shirya kuma ta jawo hankalin Richard Boon, babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a lokacin. Daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2018. A wasan farko na rukuni na ƙasar Philippines da mai masaukin baki Jordan, Bolden ta yi nasarar shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko. Ta zura wa ƙasar Philippines ƙwallon da ta ci a wasan da suka yi da masu masaukin baki da ci 2-1. An sanya sunan Bolden a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2022. Philippines ta kai matakin ƙwallo a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC a karon farko. A lokacin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Taipei ta ƙasar China, wanda ya ƙare da bugun fenariti bayan kunnen doki 1-1, Bolden ta zira ƙwallon da ta yi nasara, wadda ta sa Philippines ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, bugu na 2023. A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2023, ta zira ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da ta ci New Zealand mai masaukin baki 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallo da nasara ta farko da ƙasarta ta ci a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=Sarina Bolden spoils New Zealand party and hands Philippines historic win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/25/new-zealand-philippines-womens-world-cup-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== 2l1vrpwfp0xbxsj1nl4byzzg2p64wkx 888963 888962 2026-07-29T13:24:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 888963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarina Isabel Calpo Bolden''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996)<ref name="we-prof">{{Cite web |title=サリナ ボールデン |trans-title=Sarina Bolden |url=https://data.weleague.jp/SFIX04/?player_id=44650 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=WE LEAGUE Data Site |language=ja}}</ref> ta kasance ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce. An haife ta a [[Amurka]], tana wakiltar ƙasar Philippines a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bolden tana da matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a Philippines . A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2023, Bolden ta zura kwallo a raga a kan mai masaukin baki New Zealand, inda ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a tarihin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Bolden scores first ever goal for Philippines in FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/bolden-scores-first-goal-for-philippines-fifa-womens-world-cup-new-zealand/article67118636.ece |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sarina Isabel Bolden a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996 a Santa Clara, California, Amurka ga Sherry da Robert Bolden kuma tana da ƙane.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta 'yar Pangasinan ce. Mahaifinta [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka]] ne.<ref name="vogue1">{{Cite web |last=Nazareno |first=Mia |date=30 September 2023 |title=Squad Goals: Making History With The Filipinas Football Team |url=https://vogue.ph/magazine/filipinas-football-team-october-2023-cover-story/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Vogue Philippines |publisher=Mega Global Licensing Inc. is}}</ref> Iyayen Sarina suna son wasanni, kodayake ƙwallon ƙafa ba shine babban abin da suke koya ba. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Milpitas <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> daga baya kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta sami digirin kasuwanci wanda take da niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin madadin aikinta na wasanni. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Ta buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ƙwallon softball na makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas. Tare da ƙungiyar Trojans ta makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas, Bolden ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare zuwa ga lashe gasar SCVAL El Camino Division ta 2015. An naɗa ta a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko da aka zaɓa a All-SCVAL tsawon shekaru uku daga 2013 zuwa 2015.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> A matakin kulob, Bolden ya buga wa MVLA Mercury Black '96 wasa, inda ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kai ga gasar cin kofin kasa ta ECNL ta 2014, kuma ya taimaka wa De Anza Force '95 ta lashe gasar ECNL ta Arewa maso Yamma ta 2013 da 2015.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> == Aikin kwaleji == Bolden ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta makarantar wasa. A shekarar 2016 ta zira kwallaye shida a ƙungiyar kwalejinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar farko ta All-West Coast Conference da kuma NSCAA All-West Region. == Aikin kulob == Bolden a shekarar 2020 ta buga wa Xinbei Hangyuan wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Taiwan Mulan . Daga baya ta buga wa San Francisco Nighthawks na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Premier a [[Amurka]]. A watan Yunin 2021, Elfen Saitama na WE League of Japan ya sanya hannu kan Bolden. Ta fara buga wasa a wasan da Saitama ta sha kashi a hannun Tokyo Verdy Beleza da ci 1-4 a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2021, bayan an kawo ta a matsayin madadinta a minti na 62. Bolden, wacce harshenta na asali Ingilishi ne, ba ta da iyaka ga iyawarta ta yin mu'amala da abokan wasanta. A watan Disamba na 2022, Bolden ta soke kwangilarta da Elfen Saitama ta kuma koma kulob din Western Sydney Wanderers na Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=サリナ ボールデン選手 Western Sydney Wanderers FCへ移籍のお知らせ |trans-title=Notice of transfer of Sarina Bolden to Western Sydney Wanderers FC |url=https://www.as-elfen.co.jp/information/1342/ |website=[[Chifure AS Elfen Saitama|Elfen Saitama]] |language=ja}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasannin A-League Women ta 2023–24, an fahimci cewa Western Sydney Wanderers ba ta sake sayen Bolden ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goman |first=Kris |date=11 October 2023 |title=The Impetus A-League Women season preview 2023/24 |url=https://impetusfootball.org/2023/10/11/the-impetus-a-league-women-season-preview-2023-24/ |website=Impetus Football |quote=Sarina Bolden who represented the Philippines appears to have not been re-signed}}</ref> Bolden ta ce ta sami tayi daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, amma ta fi son ci gaba da kasancewa a A-League kuma kada ta yi wani "babban tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje" a wannan lokacin a cikin aikinta. A halin yanzu, ta dogara ne kawai da lokacin wasa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines don kula da lafiyarta. Bayan zagaye biyar na kakar wasa ta 2023–24, Newcastle Jets ta ɗauki Bolden a matsayin aro kuma ta buga wasan ranar da aka ɗauke ta, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2023 |title=Newcastle Jets sign Philippines international Sarina Bolden |url=https://newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/newcastle-jets-sign-philippines-international-sarina-bolden |website=[[Newcastle Jets FC|Newcastle Jets]]}}</ref> Babban kocin ƙungiyar Gary van Egmond zai gayyaci Bolden ya shiga ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ayyukan Bolden tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jami'ar Loyola Marymount sun sa aka gayyace ta zuwa sansanin horo a Orlando, Florida a watan Afrilun 2017 wanda ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Amurka ta shirya. A ƙarshen 2017, ta sami damar shiga sansanonin horo da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Philippines ta shirya kuma ta jawo hankalin Richard Boon, babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a lokacin. Daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2018. A wasan farko na rukuni na ƙasar Philippines da mai masaukin baki Jordan, Bolden ta yi nasarar shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko. Ta zura wa ƙasar Philippines ƙwallon da ta ci a wasan da suka yi da masu masaukin baki da ci 2-1. An sanya sunan Bolden a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2022. Philippines ta kai matakin ƙwallo a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC a karon farko. A lokacin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Taipei ta ƙasar China, wanda ya ƙare da bugun fenariti bayan kunnen doki 1-1, Bolden ta zira ƙwallon da ta yi nasara, wadda ta sa Philippines ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, bugu na 2023. A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2023, ta zira ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da ta ci New Zealand mai masaukin baki 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallo da nasara ta farko da ƙasarta ta ci a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=Sarina Bolden spoils New Zealand party and hands Philippines historic win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/25/new-zealand-philippines-womens-world-cup-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== gvrxyhj8gjr9lcf7ffouyconv1fav00 888964 888963 2026-07-29T13:25:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 888964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarina Isabel Calpo Bolden''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996)<ref name="we-prof">{{Cite web |title=サリナ ボールデン |trans-title=Sarina Bolden |url=https://data.weleague.jp/SFIX04/?player_id=44650 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=WE LEAGUE Data Site |language=ja}}</ref> ta kasance ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce. An haife ta a [[Amurka]], tana wakiltar ƙasar Philippines a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Bolden tana da matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a Philippines . A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2023, Bolden ta zura kwallo a raga a kan mai masaukin baki New Zealand, inda ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a tarihin kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Bolden scores first ever goal for Philippines in FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/bolden-scores-first-goal-for-philippines-fifa-womens-world-cup-new-zealand/article67118636.ece |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sarina Isabel Bolden a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1996 a Santa Clara, California, Amurka ga Sherry da Robert Bolden kuma tana da ƙane.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta 'yar Pangasinan ce. Mahaifinta [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka]] ne.<ref name="vogue1">{{Cite web |last=Nazareno |first=Mia |date=30 September 2023 |title=Squad Goals: Making History With The Filipinas Football Team |url=https://vogue.ph/magazine/filipinas-football-team-october-2023-cover-story/ |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=Vogue Philippines |publisher=Mega Global Licensing Inc. is}}</ref> Iyayen Sarina suna son wasanni, kodayake ƙwallon ƙafa ba shine babban abin da suke koya ba. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Milpitas <ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> daga baya kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta sami digirin kasuwanci wanda take da niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin madadin aikinta na wasanni. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Ta buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata da ƙwallon softball na makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas. Tare da ƙungiyar Trojans ta makarantar sakandare ta Milpitas, Bolden ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare zuwa ga lashe gasar SCVAL El Camino Division ta 2015. An naɗa ta a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar farko da aka zaɓa a All-SCVAL tsawon shekaru uku daga 2013 zuwa 2015.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> A matakin kulob, Bolden ya buga wa MVLA Mercury Black '96 wasa, inda ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kai ga gasar cin kofin kasa ta ECNL ta 2014, kuma ya taimaka wa De Anza Force '95 ta lashe gasar ECNL ta Arewa maso Yamma ta 2013 da 2015.<ref name="lmuprof">{{Cite web |title=Sarina Bolden 3 |url=http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=LMU Lions}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141258/http://www.lmulions.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/sarina_bolden_974518.html "Sarina Bolden 3"]. </cite></ref> == Aikin kwaleji == Bolden ta halarci Jami'ar Loyola Marymount inda ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta makarantar wasa. A shekarar 2016 ta zira kwallaye shida a ƙungiyar kwalejinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar farko ta All-West Coast Conference da kuma NSCAA All-West Region. == Aikin kulob == Bolden a shekarar 2020 ta buga wa Xinbei Hangyuan wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Taiwan Mulan . Daga baya ta buga wa San Francisco Nighthawks na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Premier a [[Amurka]]. A watan Yunin 2021, Elfen Saitama na WE League of Japan ya sanya hannu kan Bolden. Ta fara buga wasa a wasan da Saitama ta sha kashi a hannun Tokyo Verdy Beleza da ci 1-4 a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2021, bayan an kawo ta a matsayin madadinta a minti na 62. Bolden, wacce harshenta na asali Ingilishi ne, ba ta da iyaka ga iyawarta ta yin mu'amala da abokan wasanta. A watan Disamba na 2022, Bolden ta soke kwangilarta da Elfen Saitama ta kuma koma kulob din Western Sydney Wanderers na Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=サリナ ボールデン選手 Western Sydney Wanderers FCへ移籍のお知らせ |trans-title=Notice of transfer of Sarina Bolden to Western Sydney Wanderers FC |url=https://www.as-elfen.co.jp/information/1342/ |website=[[Chifure AS Elfen Saitama|Elfen Saitama]] |language=ja}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasannin A-League Women ta 2023–24, an fahimci cewa Western Sydney Wanderers ba ta sake sayen Bolden ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goman |first=Kris |date=11 October 2023 |title=The Impetus A-League Women season preview 2023/24 |url=https://impetusfootball.org/2023/10/11/the-impetus-a-league-women-season-preview-2023-24/ |website=Impetus Football |quote=Sarina Bolden who represented the Philippines appears to have not been re-signed}}</ref> Bolden ta ce ta sami tayi daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, amma ta fi son ci gaba da kasancewa a A-League kuma kada ta yi wani "babban tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje" a wannan lokacin a cikin aikinta. A halin yanzu, ta dogara ne kawai da lokacin wasa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines don kula da lafiyarta. Bayan zagaye biyar na kakar wasa ta 2023–24, Newcastle Jets ta ɗauki Bolden a matsayin aro kuma ta buga wasan ranar da aka ɗauke ta, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2023 |title=Newcastle Jets sign Philippines international Sarina Bolden |url=https://newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/newcastle-jets-sign-philippines-international-sarina-bolden |website=[[Newcastle Jets FC|Newcastle Jets]]}}</ref> Babban kocin ƙungiyar Gary van Egmond zai gayyaci Bolden ya shiga ƙungiyar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ayyukan Bolden tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jami'ar Loyola Marymount sun sa aka gayyace ta zuwa sansanin horo a Orlando, Florida a watan Afrilun 2017 wanda ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Amurka ta shirya. A ƙarshen 2017, ta sami damar shiga sansanonin horo da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Philippines ta shirya kuma ta jawo hankalin Richard Boon, babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a lokacin. Daga baya aka sanya ta a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙarshe na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2018. A wasan farko na rukuni na ƙasar Philippines da mai masaukin baki Jordan, Bolden ta yi nasarar shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko. Ta zura wa ƙasar Philippines ƙwallon da ta ci a wasan da suka yi da masu masaukin baki da ci 2-1. An sanya sunan Bolden a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙasar Philippines da suka halarci gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2022. Philippines ta kai matakin ƙwallo a gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC a karon farko. A lokacin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Taipei ta ƙasar China, wanda ya ƙare da bugun fenariti bayan kunnen doki 1-1, Bolden ta zira ƙwallon da ta yi nasara, wadda ta sa Philippines ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, bugu na 2023. A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2023, ta zira ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da ta ci New Zealand mai masaukin baki 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallo da nasara ta farko da ƙasarta ta ci a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=Sarina Bolden spoils New Zealand party and hands Philippines historic win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/25/new-zealand-philippines-womens-world-cup-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== {{Reflist}} nhhkl0s4khw9kv6vadsln01i89ik06a 0 150763 889008 874099 2026-07-29T15:25:53Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sabitra Bhandari''' ( Nepali , ), wanda aka fi sani da '''Samba''', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhandari on course of becoming all-time best |url=https://kathmandupost.com/sports/2019/03/21/bhandari-on-course-of-becoming-all-time-best |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719131235/https://kathmandupost.com/sports/2019/03/21/bhandari-on-course-of-becoming-all-time-best |archive-date=19 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-19 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-02 |title=Nepal's all-time top scorer Sabitra Bhandari 'Samba' features in FIFA.com |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/nepals-all-time-top-scorer-sabitra-bhandari-samba-features-in-fifa-com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719194027/https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/nepals-all-time-top-scorer-sabitra-bhandari-samba-features-in-fifa-com/ |archive-date=19 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-19 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en-US}}</ref> ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar [[Nepal]] wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar A-League Women ta Wellington Phoenix kuma yana jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nepal . Ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi zura kwallaye a tarihin kwallon kafa ta Nepal kuma ta karya tarihin zama 'yar wasan da ta fi zura kwallaye a Kudancin Asiya, inda ta zura kwallaye 53. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhandari leads women goalscorers in South Asia |url=https://kathmandupost.com/football/2024/02/28/bhandari-is-the-leading-women-s-goalscorer-in-south-asia |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> Ta kafa tarihi ta hanyar zama 'yar wasan Nepal ta farko da ta buga wasa kuma ta ci kwallaye a manyan gasar Turai. Ita ce kuma 'yar wasan Asiya ta farko da ta ci kwallaye uku a manyan gasar Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guingamp 3-2 St. Etienne (7 May, 2025) Final Score - ESPN (UK) |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/match/_/gameId/715854/saint-etienne-guingamp |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-08 |title=Nepal's pride Samba shines again in France - Nepal Samaj |url=https://nepalsamaj.com/en/nepals-pride-samba-shines-again-in-france/ |access-date=2025-07-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a. == A matakin kulob, Bhandari ta buga wasa a ƙungiyar APF Club . Bhandari ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Nepal a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kudancin Asiya ta 2014 kuma ta fara buga wasa a ƙasashen waje da Bhutan, inda ta fito daga benci ta kuma yi nasara da ci 8-0 a matsayin ƴar shekara 17. === Sethu FC. === Ta koma ƙungiyar Sethu FC ta ƙungiyar mata ta Indiya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19 a gasar mata ta Indiya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=सावित्रा र अनिता भारत प्रस्थान |url=https://www.khelpati.com/football/8150 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150943/https://www.khelpati.com/football/8150// |archive-date=6 May 2019 |access-date=2019-04-29 |website=deshsanchar.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=पहिलो पटक इन्डियन लिग खेल्न जाँदै सावित्रा र अनिता |url=https://www.khelpati.com/football/8150 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150943/https://www.khelpati.com/football/8150// |archive-date=6 May 2019 |access-date=2019-04-28 |website=deshsanchar.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=भारतमा सावित्रा र अनिता |url=https://baahrakhari.com/news-details/193245/2019-05-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620044715/https://baahrakhari.com/news-details/193245/2019-05-03 |archive-date=20 June 2021 |access-date=2019-05-03 |website=baahrakhari.com}}</ref> A wasanta na farko ta zira kwallaye 4 a ƙungiyar a wasan da ta buga da ƙungiyar 'yan sanda ta Manipur a ranar 6 ga Mayu 2019. An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta mata mafi kyau a wasan a wasanta na farko da Sethu FC . Ta ci matsakaicin kwallaye biyu a wasa a lokacin da take a Indiya, wanda hakan ya sa Sethu FC ta lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baniya |first=Sudesh |date=5 March 2024 |title=Feeding cattle to breaking barriers: Nepal goal machine Sabitra Bhandari |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/mar/05/feeding-cattle-to-breaking-barriers-nepal-goal-machine-sabitra-bhandari |website=The Guardian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhandari's journey from barefoot dreamer to Nepal dazzler |url=https://inside.fifa.com/news/bhandari-s-journey-from-barefoot-dreamer-to-nepal-dazzler |website=inside.fifa.com |language=en}}</ref> === Gokulam Kerala FC. === Bhandari ya koma Gokulam [[Kerala]] FC a kakar wasa ta 2019-2020, kuma daga ƙarshe ya lashe gasar League kuma shi ne ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye 16. Bayan ta koma Gokulam Kerala FC a kakar wasa ta 2023, ta kasance babbar mai zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye 31, ciki har da kwallaye uku-uku biyar. Kwarewarta ta taimaka wa kungiyar lashe gasar, inda ta zama zakara a gasar mata ta Indiya ta uku. === Hapoel Ra'anana. === A watan Yunin 2023, Bhandari ta shiga ƙungiyar Hapoel Ra'anana ta Isra'ila inda sanarwar ta sami ra'ayoyi sama da 800 da kuma dubban ra'ayoyi yayin da ofishin jakadancin Isra'ila da ke Kathmandu ya gayyace ta don taya ta murna da kanta. Bhandari ta fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a watan Agusta, inda ta buga wasan kofi da Maccabi Kishronot Hadera, inda ta zura ƙwallo a minti na 90 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2023 |title=SAMBA Starts With A Debut Goal For Hapoel Raanana Women FC |url=https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/16330 |website=Goal Nepal}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2023 |title=גביע אתנה מחזור 2 - פרטי המשחק - מכבי כשרונות חדרה 0 : 2 הפועל רעננה |trans-title=Athena Cup Round 2 - Match details - Maccabi Kishronot Hadera 0 : 2 Hapoel Ra'anana |url=https://www.football.org.il/leagues/games/game/?season_id=25&game_id=866945 |publisher=[[Israel Football Association]] |language=he}}</ref> Ta fara kakar wasa [[2024–25 Ligat Nashim|ta 2024-25 ta Ligat Nashim]] da kyau, inda ta zura ƙwallaye 4 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-0 a kan Ramat HaSharon . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title=ליגת על נשים מחזור 1 - פרטי המשחק - מ.כ. רמת השרון 0 : 4 הפועל רעננה |trans-title=Ligat Nashim Round 1 - Match details - F.C. Ramat HaSharon 0 : 4 Hapoel Ra'anana |url=https://www.football.org.il/leagues/games/game/?game_id=870314 |publisher=[[Israel Football Association]] |language=he}}</ref> Ta kuma zura ƙwallaye a wasanta na biyu, inda suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Hapoel Petah Tikva . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bar |first=Yuval |date=14 September 2023 |title=כבר לא מושלמות: 1:1 בין הפועל פ"ת לרעננה |trans-title=Not perfect anymore: 1:1 between Hapoel PT and Ra'anana |url=https://www.one.co.il/Article/445304.html |website=[[One (website)|One]] |language=he}}</ref> Bayan haka ta zura ƙwallo a daidai lokacin rauni a kan Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem, wacce ta zo ta biyu a kakar wasa ta bara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2023 |title=בדקה ה-91: צפו בשער האדיר של רעננה נשים |trans-title=In the 91st minute: Watch the amazing goal of Ra'anana Women |url=https://www.sport5.co.il/articles.aspx?FolderID=4178&docID=450133 |website=[[Sport 5]] |language=he}}</ref> Bayan hare-haren ranar 7 ga Oktoba, an rage wa Bhandari damar yin wasa <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2023 |title=SAMBA: I Am Taking Refuge With The Staff At Nepalese Embassy |url=https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/16595 |website=Goal Nepal}}</ref> bayan ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni hudu na gasar lig da kuma kwallo daya a wasanni uku na kofin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=סביטרה בנדרי |trans-title=Sabitra Bhandari |url=https://www.football.org.il/players/player/?player_id=265778&season_id=25 |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=[[Israel Football Association]] |language=he}}</ref> === En Avant Guingamp. === Ta fara buga wasa a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2024, bayan ta yi canjin 'yan wasa a minti na 78. Ta zura kwallonta ta farko a kan Lille OSC a ranar 2 ga Maris, 2024. A kakar wasa ta farko, ta zura kwallo 1 a wasanni 10 da ta buga wa Guingamp . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabitra Bhandari Goal Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/2c50e10b/goallogs/all_comps/Sabitra-Bhandari-Goal-Log |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=FBref.com |language=en}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2024–25, ta zura kwallaye 6 a wasanni 19, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama babbar mai zura kwallaye a Guingamp a kakar wasa ta 2024–25 . A ranar 21 ga Maris, 2025, Bhandari ta zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Paris Saint-Germain FC . Ta kuma zura kwallaye uku a ragar AS Saint-Étienne, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama 'yar wasa ta farko 'yar Nepal kuma 'yar Kudancin Asiya da ta ci kwallaye uku a gasar zakarun Turai. === Wellington Phoenix. === A watan Yulin 2025, Wellington Phoenix ta sanar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=Proven goal scorer joins the Nix |url=https://wellingtonphoenix.com/news/proven-goal-scorer-joins-the-nix/ |website=[[Wellington Phoenix FC|Wellington Phoenix]]}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Disamba 2025, Sabitra Bhandari ta zura kwallaye biyu kuma ta taimaka wa Wellington Phoenix a wasan da suka buga da [[Sydney]] FC a [https://wellingtonphoenix.com/match/a-league-women/wellington-phoenix-vs-sydney-20-12-2025/ gasar mata ta A-League] . Wasan ya nuna yadda ta yi wasa na hudu a kungiyar, inda ta samu kwallon a karon farko. Da wannan wasan, Bhandari ta zama 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ta Nepal ta farko da ta zura kwallo a gasar mata ta A-League . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa. == Bhandari ta wakilci Nepal a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ta shiga gasar cin kofin mata ta SAFF ta 2014, har ma ta zira kwallo a raga a kan Bhutan. Ta wakilci ƙasar a wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 2016, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu a kan Sri Lanka. Ta zira kwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan sada zumunci da ta yi da Malaysia a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2016. Daga nan Bhandari ta buga wasa na farko a gasar cin kofin mata ta SAFF ta Nepal a shekarar 2016 da Bhutan . Ta zira kwallaye shida yayin da Nepal ta yi nasara da ci 8-0 a bude gasar sannan ta zira kwallaye 5 a kan Maldives a wasan rukuni na biyu. == Ƙididdigar aiki. == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ta zura, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="2" | Sethu FC | 2018–19 | Ƙungiyar Mata ta Indiya | 7 | 15 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 7 | 15 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 7 ! 15 ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! 7 ! 15 |- | rowspan="3" | Gokulam Kerala | 2019–20 | rowspan="2" | Ƙungiyar Mata ta Indiya | 7 | 16 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 7 | 16 |- | 2022–23 | 10 | 31 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 10 | 31 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 17 ! 45 ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! 17 ! 45 |- | rowspan="2" | Hapoel Ra'anana | 2023–24 | Liga Alef Arewa | 4 | 6 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 4 | 6 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 4 ! 6 ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! 4 ! 6 |- | rowspan="3" | En Avant Guingamp | 2023–24 | rowspan="2" | Gasar Premier | 4 | 1 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 4 | 1 |- | 2024–25 | 25 | 6 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 25 | 6 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 29 ! 7 ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! 29 ! 7 |- | rowspan="2" | Wellington Phoenix | 2025–26 | rowspan="1" | Matan A-League | 4 | 2 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 4 | 2 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 4 ! 2 ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! 4 ! 2 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 61 ! 75 ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! 61 ! 75 |} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta.== 0pqgu81u0huwixh8uztp3jzi12nt8ty 0 150769 889065 853890 2026-07-29T16:18:33Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Belén Aquino Moreira''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Uruguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]], [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]], ko kuma ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Corinthians ta Brazil da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Uruguay . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Aquino a cikin 2002 a cikin Conciliación Barrio na [[Montevideo]], Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=La historia de Belén Aquino |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/la-historia-de-belen-aquino-ganadora-de-futbolx100-femenino-20226210130 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}</ref> == Ilimi == Aquino ya halarci jami'a a Brazo Oriental, Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belén Aquino: "Sin el fútbol es difícil imaginarme una vida" |url=https://www.subrayado.com.uy/belen-aquino-sin-el-futbol-es-dificil-imaginarme-una-vida-n863189 |publisher=subrayado.com.uy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Aquino ta fara aikinta ne da ƙungiyar Colón ta Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belén Aquino, la jugadora que por segunda vez rompió el molde en el fútbol uruguayo |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/belen-aquino-la-jugadora-que-por-segunda-vez-rompio-el-molde-en-el-futbol-uruguayo-20226319150 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Aquino tana aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya, ɗan wasan gefe, ko kuma ɗan wasan gaba, kuma tana da ƙafar dama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belén Aquino, la habilidad y la lectura del juego al servicio del gol y de la historia del fútbol femenino del Uruguay |url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/uruguay/nota/_/id/10329167/belen-aquino-seleccion-trayectoria-entrevista-espn-historia-del-futbol-femenino-del-uruguay |publisher=espn.com.uy}}</ref> An kwatanta ta da ɗan wasan Uruguay [[Luis Suárez]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belén Aquino - sala de redacción article |url=https://sdr.fic.edu.uy/la-picante/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326080203/https://sdr.fic.edu.uy/la-picante/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Aquino 'yar ɗan jarida ne ɗan ƙasar Uruguay Pablo Aquino. <ref>{{Cite web |title=los secretos del éxito de Belén Aquino |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/futbolx100-femenino-los-secretos-del-exito-de-belen-aquino-la-mejor-jugadora-de-uruguay-202261010546 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}</ref> Tana da ɗan'uwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=¿Quién es Belén Aquino? |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/belen-aquino-la-delantera-de-penarol-que-rompio-los-moldes-del-futbol-femenino-20224181315 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" !No. !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition |- |1. | rowspan="2" |12 June 2021 | rowspan="2" |Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|PUR}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |5–1 | rowspan="4" |Friendly |- |2. | align="center" |'''3'''–0 |- |3. | rowspan="2" |28 November 2021 | rowspan="2" |Estadio Deportivo Cali, Palmira, Colombia | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|COL}} | align="center" |'''1'''–2 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–2 |- |4. | align="center" |'''2'''–2 |- |5. |18 July 2022 |Estadio Centenario, Armenia, Colombia |{{Fbw|PER}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | align="center" |6–0 |2022 Copa América Femenina |- |6. |21 February 2023 |Stade Francis Le Basser, Laval, France |{{Fbw|DEN}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |2–3 |2023 Tournoi de France |- |7. |7 April 2023 | rowspan="4" |Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay |{{Fbw|PER}} | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | align="center" |6–1 | rowspan="7" |Friendly |- |8. |11 April 2023 |{{Fbw|PER}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |3–0 |- |9. |31 May 2024 |{{Fbw|RUS}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |1–1 |- |10. |3 June 2024 |{{Fbw|RUS}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |2–1 |- |11. |10 July 2024 |Estadio Ciudad de Caseros, Caseros, Argentina |{{Fbw|ARG}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |2–0 |- |12. |13 July 2024 |Predio Lionel Andrés Messi, Ezeiza, Argentina |{{Fbw|ARG}} | align="center" |'''1'''–1 | align="center" |1–1 |- |13. |22 February 2025 |[[Centro de Alto Rendimiento de Fútbol Femenino|CARFEM]], Ypané, Paraguay |{{Fbw|PAR}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |2–1 |- |14. |11 July 2025 |Estadio Banco Guayaquil, Quito, Ecuador |{{Fbw|ECU}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |2–2 |2025 Copa América Femenina |- |15. |28 October 2025 |Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay |{{Fbw|ARG}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |2–2 |2025–26 CONMEBOL Liga de Naciones Femenina |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6o76j0pbz4wgo2mgg4i7f36lv0w4a5t 889066 889065 2026-07-29T16:18:44Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Belén Aquino Moreira''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Uruguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]], [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]], ko kuma ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Corinthians ta Brazil da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Uruguay . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Aquino a cikin shekarar 2002 a cikin Conciliación Barrio na [[Montevideo]], Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=La historia de Belén Aquino |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/la-historia-de-belen-aquino-ganadora-de-futbolx100-femenino-20226210130 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}</ref> == Ilimi == Aquino ya halarci jami'a a Brazo Oriental, Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belén Aquino: "Sin el fútbol es difícil imaginarme una vida" |url=https://www.subrayado.com.uy/belen-aquino-sin-el-futbol-es-dificil-imaginarme-una-vida-n863189 |publisher=subrayado.com.uy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Aquino ta fara aikinta ne da ƙungiyar Colón ta Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belén Aquino, la jugadora que por segunda vez rompió el molde en el fútbol uruguayo |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/belen-aquino-la-jugadora-que-por-segunda-vez-rompio-el-molde-en-el-futbol-uruguayo-20226319150 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Aquino tana aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya, ɗan wasan gefe, ko kuma ɗan wasan gaba, kuma tana da ƙafar dama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belén Aquino, la habilidad y la lectura del juego al servicio del gol y de la historia del fútbol femenino del Uruguay |url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/uruguay/nota/_/id/10329167/belen-aquino-seleccion-trayectoria-entrevista-espn-historia-del-futbol-femenino-del-uruguay |publisher=espn.com.uy}}</ref> An kwatanta ta da ɗan wasan Uruguay [[Luis Suárez]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belén Aquino - sala de redacción article |url=https://sdr.fic.edu.uy/la-picante/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326080203/https://sdr.fic.edu.uy/la-picante/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Aquino 'yar ɗan jarida ne ɗan ƙasar Uruguay Pablo Aquino. <ref>{{Cite web |title=los secretos del éxito de Belén Aquino |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/futbolx100-femenino-los-secretos-del-exito-de-belen-aquino-la-mejor-jugadora-de-uruguay-202261010546 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}</ref> Tana da ɗan'uwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=¿Quién es Belén Aquino? |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/belen-aquino-la-delantera-de-penarol-que-rompio-los-moldes-del-futbol-femenino-20224181315 |publisher=elobservador.com.uy}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" !No. !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition |- |1. | rowspan="2" |12 June 2021 | rowspan="2" |Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|PUR}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |5–1 | rowspan="4" |Friendly |- |2. | align="center" |'''3'''–0 |- |3. | rowspan="2" |28 November 2021 | rowspan="2" |Estadio Deportivo Cali, Palmira, Colombia | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|COL}} | align="center" |'''1'''–2 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–2 |- |4. | align="center" |'''2'''–2 |- |5. |18 July 2022 |Estadio Centenario, Armenia, Colombia |{{Fbw|PER}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | align="center" |6–0 |2022 Copa América Femenina |- |6. |21 February 2023 |Stade Francis Le Basser, Laval, France |{{Fbw|DEN}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |2–3 |2023 Tournoi de France |- |7. |7 April 2023 | rowspan="4" |Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay |{{Fbw|PER}} | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | align="center" |6–1 | rowspan="7" |Friendly |- |8. |11 April 2023 |{{Fbw|PER}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |3–0 |- |9. |31 May 2024 |{{Fbw|RUS}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |1–1 |- |10. |3 June 2024 |{{Fbw|RUS}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |2–1 |- |11. |10 July 2024 |Estadio Ciudad de Caseros, Caseros, Argentina |{{Fbw|ARG}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |2–0 |- |12. |13 July 2024 |Predio Lionel Andrés Messi, Ezeiza, Argentina |{{Fbw|ARG}} | align="center" |'''1'''–1 | align="center" |1–1 |- |13. |22 February 2025 |[[Centro de Alto Rendimiento de Fútbol Femenino|CARFEM]], Ypané, Paraguay |{{Fbw|PAR}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |2–1 |- |14. |11 July 2025 |Estadio Banco Guayaquil, Quito, Ecuador |{{Fbw|ECU}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |2–2 |2025 Copa América Femenina |- |15. |28 October 2025 |Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay |{{Fbw|ARG}} | align="center" |'''2'''–1 | align="center" |2–2 |2025–26 CONMEBOL Liga de Naciones Femenina |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 65524godqeoln3g2gs6jxtwcadgrbdb 0 150770 889074 834655 2026-07-29T16:21:56Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Elisabetta Vignotto''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Janairun shekarar 1954) tsohuwar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce]] ta Italiya wadda ta buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . == Aikin kulob == A matakin kulob, Vignotto ta wakilci ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a gasar Serie A. A shekarar 1986, ta shaida wa ''La Repubblica'' cewa: "Zuwa yanzu na sauya ƙungiyoyi sau goma. Amma ba wai ina son yin wasa ba ne. Ƙungiyoyin sun rabu." A cewar ''Dizionario del Calcio Italiano'', ta zura kwallaye 467 a wasanni 461 na Serie A. Ita ce shugabar ( Italian ) na ASD Reggiana Calcio Femminile (kuma daga baya ASD Sassuolo Calcio Femminile ). == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An ruwaito cewa Vignotto ta zura kwallaye 107 a wasanni 109 da ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Italiya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2004 |title=Quando all'Appiani i gol erano rosa |url=http://www.calciodonna.it/varieta/vignotto.htm |access-date=24 January 2012 |publisher=Il Mattino Di Padova |language=it}}</ref> [[FIFA]] ta ba da shawarar cewa ta buga wasanni 110. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2011 |title=Fact Sheet: FIFA Century Club |url=http://de.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/stats-centclub/52/00/60/womencenturyclub.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406133740/http://de.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/stats-centclub/52/00/60/womencenturyclub.pdf |archive-date=6 April 2012 |access-date=24 January 2012 |publisher=FIFA.com}}</ref> Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Italiya (FIGC) bai goyi bayan hakan ba, yana nuna cewa an zura kwallaye 97 a wasanni 95 na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Convocazioni e presenze in campo |url=https://www.figc.it/it/nazionali/nazionali-in-cifre/dettaglio-convocato/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio |language=en}}</ref> Vignotto ta riƙe tarihin zura kwallaye a wasannin mata na ƙasashen duniya har zuwa watan Mayu na 1999, lokacin da [[Mia hamm|Mia Hamm]] ta zarce ta, wadda ta zira kwallayenta na 108 a Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lisette Hilton |date=30 August 2004 |title=Feet of Gold |url=https://www.espn.com/classic/s/add_hamm_mia.html |access-date=24 January 2012 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> An shigar da ita cikin Zauren Fitattun 'Yan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Italiya a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2017 |title=Del Piero, Gullit, Conti and seven other legends enter the Italian Football Hall of Fame |url=http://vivoazzurro.it/en/news/del-piero-gullit-conti-and-seven-other-legends-enter-the-italian-football-hall-of-fame/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074518/http://vivoazzurro.it/en/news/del-piero-gullit-conti-and-seven-other-legends-enter-the-italian-football-hall-of-fame/ |archive-date=6 December 2017 |publisher=vivoazzurro.it}}</ref> == Daraja == == Manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa == {| class="wikitable" !No. !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition |- |1. |6 May 1971 |[[Guadalalajara|Guadalajara]], [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] |{{Fbw|DEN}} | align="center" |'''?'''–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Friendly |- |2. |2 June 1971 |Trapani, [[Italiya|Italy]] |{{Fbw|ENG}} | align="center" |'''5'''–0 | align="center" |7–0 | rowspan="6" |1971 Women's World Cup qualifying |- |3. | rowspan="5" |6 June 1971 | rowspan="5" |[[Palermo]], Italy | rowspan="5" |{{Fbw|AUT}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | rowspan="5" align="center" |6–0 |- |4. | align="center" |'''3'''–0 |- |5. | align="center" |'''4'''–0 |- |6. | align="center" |'''5'''–0 |- |7. | align="center" |'''6'''–0 |- |8. | rowspan="3" |20 July 1971 | rowspan="3" |[[Torino|Turin]], Italy | rowspan="3" |{{Fbw|ESP}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |8–1 | rowspan="3" |Friendly |- |9. | align="center" |'''5'''–0 |- |10. | align="center" |'''6'''–0 |- |11. | rowspan="3" |4 September 1971 | rowspan="3" |Guadalajara, Mexico | rowspan="3" |{{Fbw|ARG}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |1971 Women's World Cup |- |12. | align="center" |'''2'''–0 |- |13. | align="center" |'''4'''–0 |- |14. |25 June 1972 |Vicenza, Italy |{{Fbw|YUG}} | align="center" |'''?'''–0 | align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="11" |Friendly |- |15. | rowspan="2" |1 November 1972 | rowspan="2" |Padua, Italy | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|ESP}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |5–0 |- |16. | align="center" |'''3'''–0 |- |17. |8 December 1972 |Córdoba, Spain |{{Fbw|ESP}} | align="center" |'''4'''–0 | align="center" |5–1 |- |18. | rowspan="2" |10 December 1972 | rowspan="2" |Badajoz, Spain | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|ESP}} | align="center" |'''2'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |4–1 |- |19. | align="center" |'''3'''–1 |- |20. |4 June 1973 |[[Milano|Milan]], Italy |{{Fbw|TCH}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |1–0 |- |21. |19 May 1974 |Valence, [[Faransa|France]] |{{Fbw|FRA}} | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | align="center" |3–2 |- |22. | rowspan="2" |2 June 1976 | rowspan="2" |[[Rum|Rome]], Italy | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|ENG}} | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–0 |- |23. | align="center" |'''2'''–0 |- |24. |28 May 1978 |[[Napoli|Naples]], Italy |{{Fbw|NED}} | align="center" |'''1'''–? | align="center" |1–1 |- |25. |28 July 1978 |Atri, Italy |{{Fbw|BEL}} | align="center" |'''?'''–1 | align="center" |2–1 | rowspan="5" |1978 Mundialito |- |26. | rowspan="2" |2 August 1978 | rowspan="4" |Pescara, Italy | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|WAL}} | align="center" |'''?'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |7–0 |- |27. | align="center" |'''?'''–0 |- |28. | rowspan="2" |5 August 1978 | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|SCO}} | align="center" |'''?'''–? | rowspan="2" align="center" |4–1 |- |29. | align="center" |'''?'''–? |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] 19zsmm6yzsurhote6sm2wijtie7shjt 0 150815 889071 834768 2026-07-29T16:20:47Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Umar Adhamzoda''' ( Uzbek ; an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1998 a Tashkent ) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Uzbekistan wanda ke bugawa Pakhtakor wasa. Dan wasa ne mai iya amfani da dama, yana iya aiki a matsayin mai tsaron baya na tsakiya, mai tsaron baya na dama, ko kuma ɗan wasan gefe. == Ayyuka == Kocin farko na Umar Adhamzoda shine Abdusattor Rahimov . Farkon aikinsa a cikin kungiyoyin matasa na Pakhtakor da Lokomotiv Tashkent, da kuma Lokomotiv BFK . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Интервью. Умар Адҳамзода: "Биз битта оила эдик. Мен "Нефтчи" мухлиси бўлиб қоламан" |url=https://championat.asia/uz/news/359366?utm_source=telegram&utm_medium=championatasia}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ёшлар лигаси. “Насаф” – “Локомотив” баҳсида ғолиб аниқланмади |url=https://stadion.uz/news/detail/176014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U-21 Биринчилигида 12-тур старт олди |url=https://stadion.uz/news/detail/233307}}</ref> A cikin kakar shekarar 2020, Adkhamzoda ya shiga Neftchi, bayan ya kasance memba na FC Istiqlol Fergana. A farkon lokutan sa tare da kulob din da ke Fergana, ya fafata a Uzbekistan Pro League kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban tawagar zuwa Uzbekistan Super League . <ref>{{Cite web |title=А Про-лигада 16-тур баҳслари бўлиб ўтди |url=https://stadion.uz/news/detail/237078}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Superliga to'purari rasmiy o'yinlarda 3 yildan beri endi gol urganini bilasizmi? |url=https://championat.asia/oz/news/superliga-topurari-rasmiy-oyinlarda-3-yildan-beri-endi-gol-urganini-bilasizmi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305184002/https://championat.asia/oz/news/superliga-topurari-rasmiy-oyinlarda-3-yildan-beri-endi-gol-urganini-bilasizmi |archive-date=2023-03-05 |access-date=2023-03-19}}</ref> Shekarar 2023 ta zama mafi yawan aiki a cikin aikinsa. A wasannin Super League da Uzbekistan Cup, ya zira kwallaye 5 a wasanni 27. A ranar 21 ga Disamba 2023, Neftchi ya ba da sanarwar cewa an tura Adkhamzoda zuwa Pakhtakor . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rasman! "Paxtakor" "Neftchi" yulduzini transfer qildi |url=https://sports.uz/oz/news/view/rasman-paxtakor-neftchi-yulduzini-transfer-qildi-21-12-2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="Нефтчи" футболчиси "Пахтакор"га трансфер қилинди |url=https://stadion.uz/news/detail/418192}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Расман: Умар Адҳамзода «Нефтчи»дан «Пахтакор»га трансфер қилинди |url=https://tribuna.uz/news/20/20/20/rasman-umar-adamzoda-neftchidan-pahtakorga-transfer-ilindi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222011523/https://tribuna.uz/news/20/20/20/rasman-umar-adamzoda-neftchidan-pahtakorga-transfer-ilindi |archive-date=2023-12-22 |access-date=2023-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Пахтакор" Умар Адҳамзодани Лигада рўйхатдан ўтказди ва яна бир футболчи билан шартномани узайтирди |url=https://sports.uz/news/view/paxtakor-umar-adhamzodani-ligada-royxatdan-otkazdi-va-yana-bir-futbolchi-bilan-shartnomani-uzaytirdi-06-01-2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] 3z1ndmmhcru2wi3av48dabx7exxqxi6 0 150918 889069 835033 2026-07-29T16:19:53Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvio Luiz Perez Machado de Souza''' (14 Yuli 1934 - 16 Mayun shekarar 2024) ya kasance mai sharhin wasanni na Brazil kuma mai gabatar da talabijin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvio Luiz - Que fim levou? - Terceiro Tempo |url=http://terceirotempo.bol.uol.com.br/que-fim-levou/silvio-luiz-3166 |access-date=20 July 2018 |publisher=Terceiro Tempo |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Ya shahara saboda yadda yake ba da labarin wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa ba tare da nuna girmamawa ba, bai taɓa faɗin kalmar "buri" ba lokacin da ƙungiya ta ci kwallo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Em 30 anos de narração, Silvio Luiz nunca gritou 'gol' |url=https://www.redetv.uol.com.br/esportes/mais-esportes/em-30-anos-de-narracao-silvio-luiz-nunca-gritou-gol |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=RedeTV! |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Ya kuma shahara da kalmomin kama-karya, kamar "Olho no lance!" ( ''Duba wasan!'' ), "Pelas barbas do profeta!" ( ''Don gemun annabi!'' ), "Pelo amor dos meus filhinhos!" ( ''Don ƙaunar ƙananan yarana!'' ), da sauransu. Shi ne kuma mai sharhin ƙungiyar ''Pro Evolution Soccer'' a cikin sigar [[Harshen Portuguese|yaren Portuguese]] daga 2011 zuwa 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title="Pro Evolution Soccer 2011" terá narração de Silvio Luiz |url=https://www.uol.com.br/start/ultimas-noticias/2010/09/01/pro-evolution-soccer-2011-tera-narracao-de-silvio-luiz.htm |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=UOL |language=Portuguese}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Milton Leite é cogitado para substituir Silvio Luiz em ''PES 2017'' |url=http://jogos.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/2016/04/05/milton-leite-e-cogitado-para-substituir-silvio-luiz-em-pes-2017.htm |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=UOL Jogos |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Silvio Luiz ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Mayu 2024 sakamakon bugun jini da ya samu yayin da yake aiki a kan watsa shirye-shiryen wasan karshe na Campeonato Paulista na 2024 a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 2024. Yana da shekaru 89. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2024 |title=Morre, aos 89 anos, o narrador Silvio Luiz |url=https://sbtnews.sbt.com.br/noticia/brasil/morre-aos-89-anos-o-narrador-silvio-luiz |website=[[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|SBT News]] |language=pt}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1934]] ah9528n0di9ks9t8ykuw664i7e16y6v 0 150959 889053 880766 2026-07-29T16:13:27Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stefano Jantje Lilipaly''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Fano''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=2016 AFF Suzuki Cup semifinal first leg match report |url=http://www.aseanfootball.org/results/2016AFFSuzukiCup-Match013.pdf |access-date=6 December 2016 |language=English}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Janairun shekarar 1990) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari]] a ƙungiyar Super League ta Dewa United Banten, a matsayin aro daga Borneo Samarinda . An haife shi a Netherlands, yana wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Indonesia . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2013 |title=Stefano Lilipaly Tak Kapok Gabung Timnas Indonesia |url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/sepakbola/liga-indonesia/13/06/11/mo7te0-stefano-lilipaly-tak-kapok-gabung-timnas-indonesia |access-date=28 October 2014 |language=Indonesian}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Utrecht === Lilipaly ya buga wa ƙungiyar RKSV DCG ta ƙasar Holland wasa tsawon shekaru uku kafin ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Eredivisie ta AZ a shekarar 2000. <ref name="Goal profile">{{Cite web |date=5 January 2011 |title=Stefano Lilipaly, 'The Indonesian Iniesta' |url=http://www.goal.com/id-ID/news/1387/nasional/2011/01/05/2290451/profil-stefano-lilipaly-the-indonesian-iniesta |access-date=29 September 2011 |publisher=Goal |language=Indonesian}}</ref> Ya koma Utrecht a shekara mai zuwa kuma ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani a ƙungiyar matasa. <ref name="Goal profile" /> Lilipaly ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Utrecht a wasan lig a VVV-Venlo a watan Agustan 2011, <ref>{{Cite web |title=VVV vs. Utrecht 0–0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/08/06/netherlands/eredivisie/vvv-venlo/stichting-fc-utrecht/1120313/ |access-date=29 September 2011 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Global Sports Media}}</ref> kuma fitowarsa ta farko a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya ta zo ne a watan Janairun 2012, inda ya zura ƙwallon farko a wasan da suka yi da [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2012 |title=PSV held to a draw by Utrecht |url=https://www.foxnews.com/sports/psv-held-to-a-draw-by-utrecht/ |access-date=23 January 2012 |website=Fox News}}</ref> Ya buga wasa sau biyar a Utrecht kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Eerste Divisie ta Almere City a kan canja wuri kyauta a lokacin bazara na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Beekmans, Ricardo Kip en Stefano Lilipaly signeren contract bij Almere City FC |url=http://www.almerecity.nl/ac-1/paul-beekmans-ricardo-kip-en-stefano-lilipaly-signeren-contract-bij-almere-city-fc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201125134/http://www.almerecity.nl/ac-1/paul-beekmans-ricardo-kip-en-stefano-lilipaly-signeren-contract-bij-almere-city-fc |archive-date=1 February 2014 |access-date=16 August 2013 |publisher=Almere City FC |language=Dutch}}</ref> === Birnin Almere === A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2012, Lilipaly ya koma kulob din Eerste Divise na Almere City kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2012 |title=Stefano Lilipaly Resmi Pemain Almere City |url=https://www.goal.com/id/news/1362/sepakbola-belanda/2012/05/21/3117849/stefano-lilipaly-resmi-pemain-almere-city |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=Goal |language=id}}</ref> a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Lilipaly ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta kare a matsayi na 13 a gasar da wasanni 22 da kwallaye 2. Ya bar kungiyar a watan Maris na 2014. === Consadole Sapporo === A ranar 23 ga Maris 2014, Lilipaly ya rattaba hannu kan kulob din J2 League na Japan, Consadole Sapporo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wahono |first=Suryo |date=26 March 2014 |title=Stefano Lilipaly Resmi ke Consadole Sapporo |url=https://www.juara.net/read/321577585/stefano-lilipaly-resmi-ke-consadole-sapporo |access-date=29 September 2021 |website=Juara.net |language=id}}</ref> Amma da sabuwar kulob dinsa, Lilipaly bai buga wasa ko daya ba, sannan ya koma Netherlands. === Telstar === An sanya masa hannu don Telstar ya buga wasa a Eerste Divisie . Lilipaly ya fara buga wasa a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2015 a wasan da suka yi da Emmen, kuma Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Telstar a minti na 68 a wasan da suka yi da Emmen a Sportpark Schoonenberg . === SC Cambuur === A watan Janairun 2017 ya shiga kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da Cambuur . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stefano Lilipaly Resmi Pindah ke SC Cambuur |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20170120065550-142-187620/stefano-lilipaly-resmi-pindah-ke-sc-cambuur |access-date=20 January 2017 |website=cnnindonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka yi da FC Utrecht a gasar cin kofin KNVB ta 2016–17 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Debut Stefano Lilipaly di SC Cambuur Berbuah Sejarah |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20170126105202-142-189156/debut-stefano-lilipaly-di-sc-cambuur-berbuah-sejarah |access-date=25 January 2017 |website=cnnindonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kan Helmond Sport, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun 2017. A wannan wasan, Lilipaly ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen cin kwallaye 2 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Helmond Sports. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cetak Gol Perdana dan Assists, SC Cambuur: Kerja Bagus Stefano Lilipaly |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20170205/cetak-gol-perdana-dan-assist-sc-cambuur-kerja-bagus-stefano-lilipaly |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a watan Agustan 2017 ya koma [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stefano Lilipaly Pergi, Ini Calon Penggantinya di SC Cambuur |url=https://superball.bolasport.com/read/331429794/stefano-lilipaly-pergi-ini-calon-penggantinya-di-sc-cambuur |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=superball.bolasport.com |language=id}}</ref> === Bali United === ==== Kakar 2017 ==== A ranar 12 ga Agusta 2017, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da ƙungiyar Bali United ta ƙasar Indonesia, wadda za ta buga gasar La Liga ta 1 a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2017 |title=Kejutan! Stefano Lilipaly Resmi Gabung Bali United |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2017/08/12/03172778/kejutan-stefano-lilipaly-resmi-gabung-bali-united |access-date=2017-08-12 |website=bola.kompas.com}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2017, Lilipaly ya fara buga gasar a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka yi da Madura United, inda ya maye gurbin I Made Andhika Wijaya a minti na 78. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2017, Lilipaly ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar, inda ya zura ƙwallo biyu a gasar La Liga ta 1, wanda hakan ya sa suka yi nasara a kan Arema da ci 6-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gol Perdana Lilipaly dan Semangat Berlipat dari Keluarga |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20171009160105-142-247189/gol-perdana-lilipaly-dan-semangat-berlipat-dari-keluarga |website=cnnindonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2017, ya zura ƙwallo a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Persiba Balikpapan da ci 3-2 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Persiba 3-2 Bali United: Berakhir Dramatis di Menit Akhir |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20171016/persiba-3-2-bali-united-berakhir-dramatis-di-menit-akhir |website=indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2017, Lilipaly ya zura ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a minti na 95, kuma ita ce ta yi nasara a kan PSM Makassar . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2017 |title=Hasil PSM vs Bali United Skor Akhir 0-1 |url=https://tirto.id/hasil-psm-vs-bali-united-skor-akhir-0-1-czHS |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta farko a shekarar 2017 da kwallaye 4 a wasanni 15. ==== kakar 2018 ==== A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2018, ya fara buga wa kulob din Asiya wasa, inda ya fara wasa a wasan cin Kofin AFC na 2018 da kulob din Philippines Global a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2018 |title=PIALA AFC 2018 : Bali United Imbangi Global Cebu FC 1-1 |url=https://m.solopos.com/piala-afc-2018-bali-united-imbangi-global-cebu-fc-1-1-898454 |website=solopos.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Maris 2018, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin Kofin AFC ga Bali United a minti na 74 da nasara 3-1 a kan kulob din V.League 1 Thanh Hóa . Kwallon da ya zura an sanya masa a matsayin mafi kyawun kwallo a mako na uku na gasar cin Kofin AFC na 2018, a kuri'ar da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Asiya ta gudanar, kwallon da Lilipaly ya zura ta sami goyon bayan masu jefa kuri'a 31.446 ko kuma kashi 83% na kuri'un da aka kada. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Bali United Vs FLC Thanh Hoa - Gol Demerson dan Lilipaly Bawa Serdadu Tridatu Berbalik Unggul |url=https://www.bolasport.com/read/311337461/bali-united-vs-flc-thanh-hoa-gol-demerson-dan-lilipaly-bawa-serdadu-tridatu-berbalik-unggul |website=www.bolasport.com |language=id}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Gol Lilipaly Terbaik Di Pekan Ketiga Piala AFC |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20180309182358-142-281823/gol-lilipaly-terbaik-di-pekan-ketiga-piala-afc |website=www.cnnindonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Maris 2018, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2018, wato kwallon farko da ya ci a kan PSMS Medan a wasan da suka tashi 1-0 a gasar La Liga 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2018 |title=Hasil Liga 1, Gol Lilipaly Bawa Bali United Kalahkan PSMS Medan |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2018/03/24/20220018/hasil-liga-1-gol-lilipaly-bawa-bali-united-kalahkan-psms-medan?page=all |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu a gasar a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2018, inda ya fara zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke PS Barito Putera da ci 2-0 da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida Aditya Harlan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2018 |title=VIDEO: Gol Indah Stefano Lilipaly Buat Kiper Barito Putera Merenung |url=https://www.bola.com/indonesia/read/3478714/video-gol-indah-stefano-lilipaly-buat-kiper-barito-putera-merenung |website=www.bola.com |language=id}}</ref> Kwarewarsa a watan Mayu ya sa ya ci kwallaye uku a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Sriwijaya (3-4), Mitra Kukar (3-1), sannan ya yi nasara a kan Arema (1-0). <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2018 |title=Bali United 3–4 Sriwijaya FC |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/05/05/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/persijatim-sriwijaya-fc-palembang/2758715/ |website=Soccerway |language=id}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2018 |title=Mitra Kukar 3–1 Bali United |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/stefano-lilipaly/136114/ |website=Soccerway |language=id}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2018 |title=Bali United 1–0 Arema |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/05/18/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/arema-isl-rendra-kresna/2758733/ |website=Soccerway |language=id}}</ref> Lilipaly ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 12 a wasanni 22. ==== kakar 2019 ==== A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2019, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2019 ga Bali United a wasan sada zumunci da kungiyar Ligue Futebol ta Timor-Leste Boavista, wadda ta kare da nasara da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2019 |title=Menang 4-1 Lawan Boavista FC Timor Leste, Lini Belakang Bali United Jadi Sorotan |url=https://bali.tribunnews.com/2019/04/13/menang-4-1-lawan-boavista-fc-timor-leste-lini-belakang-bali-united-jadi-sorotan |access-date=13 April 2019 |website=bali.tribunnews.com}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Afrilu, ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Bali United inda suka doke Persija Jakarta da ci 2-1 a wasan farko na gasar Piala Indonesia ta 2018-19 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2019 |title=Hasil 8 Besar Piala Indonesia, Bali United Vs Persija Jakarta 2-1 |url=https://bola.tempo.co/read/1199605/hasil-8-besar-piala-indonesia-bali-united-vs-persija-jakarta-2-1 |access-date=18 April 2019 |website=tempo.co}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Yuli, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2019, kwallon farko da ya ci Persib Bandung a wasan da suka tashi 0-2 a gasar La Liga 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2019 |title=Persib Vs Bali United, Gol Cepat Lilipaly Jadi Pembeda Babak Pertama |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2019/07/26/19201138/persib-vs-bali-united-gol-cepat-lilipaly-jadi-pembeda-babak-pertama?page=all |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Agusta, ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Bali United a wasan da suka tashi 1-2 da TIRA-Persikabo, inda nasarar da suka samu a waje, Bali United yanzu tana matsayi na daya ta hanyar tara maki 31 daga wasanni 13 da aka buga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=3 Fakta Menarik Kemenangan Bali United atas Tira Persikabo, Panggung Stefano Lilipaly! |url=https://bolastylo.bolasport.com/amp/171819954/3-fakta-menarik-kemenangan-bali-united-atas-tira-persikabo-panggung-stefano-lilipaly?page=all |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=bolasport.com |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804234412/https://bolastylo.bolasport.com/amp/171819954/3-fakta-menarik-kemenangan-bali-united-atas-tira-persikabo-panggung-stefano-lilipaly?page=all |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lilipaly ya zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu kuma ya taimaka wa Melvin Platje ya zura kwallo a bugun farko a wasan da Bali United ta tashi kunnen doki 2-2 da Persipura Jayapura a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2019 |title=Stefano Lilipaly Akui Begitu Emosional Saat Jebol Gawang Persipura, Ini Alasannya |url=https://bali.tribunnews.com/2019/11/11/stefano-lilipaly-akui-begitu-emosional-saat-jebol-gawang-persipura-ini-alasannya |website=bali.tribunnews.com |language=id}}</ref> Lilipaly ya zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu sannan Ilija Spasojević ya sake zura kwallo a raga a wasan da Bali United ta doke Persib Bandung da ci 3-2 a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=Hasil Liga 1: Bali United vs Persib Bandung, Skor Akhir 3-2 |url=https://bola.tempo.co/read/1277893/hasil-liga-1-bali-united-vs-persib-bandung-skor-akhir-3-2 |website=tempo.co |language=id}}</ref> Ya yi kakar wasa mai kyau a wannan kakar wasa da wasanni 30 da kwallaye 5, yayin da ya taimaka wa Bali United lashe gasar La Liga 1 a wannan kakar. A ranar 2 ga Disamba 2019, Bali United ta lashe gasar a karon farko a tarihinta, inda ta zama kungiya ta bakwai da ta lashe gasar La Liga 1 bayan Borneo da ke matsayi na biyu ta yi kunnen doki da PSM, sannan ta yi nasara a Semen Padang, wanda hakan ya bai wa Bali United maki 17 yayin da wasanni hudu kacal suka rage mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Bali United seal first-ever Indonesia Liga 1 title with 2-0 win over Semen Padang |url=https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/1205506/bali-united-seal-first-ever-indonesia-liga-1-title-with-2-0-win-over-semen-pedang/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230543/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/1205506/bali-united-seal-first-ever-indonesia-liga-1-title-with-2-0-win-over-semen-pedang/ |archive-date=2 December 2019 |access-date=2 December 2019 |website=FOX Sports Asia}}</ref> ==== kakar 2020 ==== A ranar 14 ga Janairu 2020, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2020 ga Bali United a wasan share fage na neman gurbin shiga gasar zakarun AFC ta 2020 da zakarun gasar Premier ta Singapore sau biyar, Tampines Rovers, Lilipaly da kuma sabon dan wasan da aka saya [[Sidik Saimima]] sun tabbatar da nasara 5-3 sannan Bali United ta kai zagaye na farko na 2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2020 |title=DRAMA DELAPAN GOL HINGGA BABAK PERPANJANGAN WAKTU WARNAI KEMENANGAN BALI UNITED ATAS TAMPINES ROVERS |url=http://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/drama-delapan-gol-hingga-babak-perpanjangan-waktu-warnai-kemenangan-bali-united-atas-tampines-rovers/ |access-date=14 January 2020 |website=Bali United Official Website |archive-date=14 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114233917/http://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/drama-delapan-gol-hingga-babak-perpanjangan-waktu-warnai-kemenangan-bali-united-atas-tampines-rovers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Maris, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2020, kwallon farko da ya ci wa PS Barito Putera a wasan da suka tashi 1-2 a gasar La Liga 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2020 |title=Barito Putera Vs Bali United - VIDEO Gol Stefano Lilipaly, Perdana Musim Ini |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2020/03/06/19240838/barito-putera-vs-bali-united-video-gol-stefano-lilipaly-perdana-musim-ini |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> Lilipaly ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallo daya kacal a wasanni 2, saboda an dakatar da gasar a hukumance saboda annobar COVID-19 . ==== Kakar wasa ta 2021–22: Kakar wasa ta ƙarshe tare da Bali United ==== Lilipaly ya kasance abin tattaunawa mai zafi a farkon wannan shekarar. Kwantiraginsa ya kare a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2020. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙungiyar ta fara shirye-shirye a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, Lilipaly bai shiga ba. An nuna shi a cikin ayyukan horo a kusa da bakin teku na Jerman, Kuta, Bali, tare da Beto Gonçalves da Demerson . Sau da yawa yana ɗora ayyukan ta hanyar asusunsa na [[Instagram]], A ranar 12 ga Maris, 2021, Bali United ta sanar da tsawaita kwangilar Lilipaly har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2021 |title=Akhiri Spekulasi, Bali United Resmi Perpanjang Kontrak Stefano Lilipaly |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20210312/akhiri-spekulasi-bali-united-resmi-perpanjang-kontrak-stefano-lilipaly |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=www.indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2021, ya fara wasansa a kakar wasa ta 2021–22 ta La Liga 1 ga Bali United a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Persib Bandung, ya zo a matsayin madadin Yabes Roni a minti na 85. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2021 |title=Bali United 2–2 Persib Bandung - Soccerway |url=https://id.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/18/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/persib-bandung/3514562/ |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Ya buga cikakken minti 90 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Bhayangkara a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, inda ya sami taimakon taimako ɗaya, kuma a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, ya buga cikakken minti 90 a wasan da suka yi da Persija Jakarta . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=Bali United 1–2 Bhayangkara FC - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/10/23/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/bhayangkara-surabaya-utd/3514611/ |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2021 |title=Persija Jakarta 0–1 Bali United - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/11/25/indonesia/super-liga/persija-isl/persisam-putra-samarinda/3514659/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Janairu 2022, Lilipaly ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kakar wasa ta 2021–22, kwallon farko da ya zira a kan Persib Bandung a wasan da suka tashi 0-1 a gasar La Liga 1. [1] Kwarewarsa a watan Fabrairu ya sa ya zira kwallaye hudu a wasanni da suka yi da Persikabo 1973 (0–3), Bhayangkara (0–3), Persipura Jayapura (4–1) sannan ya yi kunnen doki da PSM Makassar (2–2). [2] [3] [4] [5] A ranar 31 ga Maris 2022, ya zira kwallaye a wasan da suka doke Persik Kediri da ci 1-3. [6] A ranar 6 ga Mayu 2021, Lilipaly bai sabunta kwangilarsa da Bali United a kakar wasa mai zuwa ba, wannan ya faru ne saboda kungiyar ta kasa amincewa kan darajar kwangilar da ya nema, don haka ya zabi ya tafi. Ya buga wasanni 119 a cikin shekaru biyar ga Bali United a dukkan gasa, inda ya zira kwallaye 32, inda ya taimaka wajen taimakawa kungiyar lashe gasar a karo na biyu. [7] [8] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dl42nafyw2a0484qrhu2x7x25br84iy 889054 889053 2026-07-29T16:13:52Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stefano Jantje Lilipaly''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Fano''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=2016 AFF Suzuki Cup semifinal first leg match report |url=http://www.aseanfootball.org/results/2016AFFSuzukiCup-Match013.pdf |access-date=6 December 2016 |language=English}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Janairun shekarar 1990) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari]] a ƙungiyar Super League ta Dewa United Banten, a matsayin aro daga Borneo Samarinda . An haife shi a Netherlands, yana wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Indonesia . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2013 |title=Stefano Lilipaly Tak Kapok Gabung Timnas Indonesia |url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/sepakbola/liga-indonesia/13/06/11/mo7te0-stefano-lilipaly-tak-kapok-gabung-timnas-indonesia |access-date=28 October 2014 |language=Indonesian}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Utrecht === Lilipaly ya buga wa ƙungiyar RKSV DCG ta ƙasar Holland wasa tsawon shekaru uku kafin ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Eredivisie ta AZ a shekarar 2000. <ref name="Goal profile">{{Cite web |date=5 January 2011 |title=Stefano Lilipaly, 'The Indonesian Iniesta' |url=http://www.goal.com/id-ID/news/1387/nasional/2011/01/05/2290451/profil-stefano-lilipaly-the-indonesian-iniesta |access-date=29 September 2011 |publisher=Goal |language=Indonesian}}</ref> Ya koma Utrecht a shekara mai zuwa kuma ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani a ƙungiyar matasa. <ref name="Goal profile" /> Lilipaly ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Utrecht a wasan lig a VVV-Venlo a watan Agustan 2011, <ref>{{Cite web |title=VVV vs. Utrecht 0–0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/08/06/netherlands/eredivisie/vvv-venlo/stichting-fc-utrecht/1120313/ |access-date=29 September 2011 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Global Sports Media}}</ref> kuma fitowarsa ta farko a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha ɗaya ta zo ne a watan Janairun 2012, inda ya zura ƙwallon farko a wasan da suka yi da [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2012 |title=PSV held to a draw by Utrecht |url=https://www.foxnews.com/sports/psv-held-to-a-draw-by-utrecht/ |access-date=23 January 2012 |website=Fox News}}</ref> Ya buga wasa sau biyar a Utrecht kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Eerste Divisie ta Almere City a kan canja wuri kyauta a lokacin bazara na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Beekmans, Ricardo Kip en Stefano Lilipaly signeren contract bij Almere City FC |url=http://www.almerecity.nl/ac-1/paul-beekmans-ricardo-kip-en-stefano-lilipaly-signeren-contract-bij-almere-city-fc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201125134/http://www.almerecity.nl/ac-1/paul-beekmans-ricardo-kip-en-stefano-lilipaly-signeren-contract-bij-almere-city-fc |archive-date=1 February 2014 |access-date=16 August 2013 |publisher=Almere City FC |language=Dutch}}</ref> === Birnin Almere === A ranar 21 ga Mayun shekarar 2012, Lilipaly ya koma kulob ɗin Eerste Divise na Almere City kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2012 |title=Stefano Lilipaly Resmi Pemain Almere City |url=https://www.goal.com/id/news/1362/sepakbola-belanda/2012/05/21/3117849/stefano-lilipaly-resmi-pemain-almere-city |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=Goal |language=id}}</ref> a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Lilipaly ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta kare a matsayi na 13 a gasar da wasanni 22 da kwallaye 2. Ya bar kungiyar a watan Maris na 2014. === Consadole Sapporo === A ranar 23 ga Maris 2014, Lilipaly ya rattaba hannu kan kulob din J2 League na Japan, Consadole Sapporo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wahono |first=Suryo |date=26 March 2014 |title=Stefano Lilipaly Resmi ke Consadole Sapporo |url=https://www.juara.net/read/321577585/stefano-lilipaly-resmi-ke-consadole-sapporo |access-date=29 September 2021 |website=Juara.net |language=id}}</ref> Amma da sabuwar kulob dinsa, Lilipaly bai buga wasa ko daya ba, sannan ya koma Netherlands. === Telstar === An sanya masa hannu don Telstar ya buga wasa a Eerste Divisie . Lilipaly ya fara buga wasa a ranar 28 ga Agusta 2015 a wasan da suka yi da Emmen, kuma Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Telstar a minti na 68 a wasan da suka yi da Emmen a Sportpark Schoonenberg . === SC Cambuur === A watan Janairun 2017 ya shiga kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da Cambuur . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stefano Lilipaly Resmi Pindah ke SC Cambuur |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20170120065550-142-187620/stefano-lilipaly-resmi-pindah-ke-sc-cambuur |access-date=20 January 2017 |website=cnnindonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka yi da FC Utrecht a gasar cin kofin KNVB ta 2016–17 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Debut Stefano Lilipaly di SC Cambuur Berbuah Sejarah |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20170126105202-142-189156/debut-stefano-lilipaly-di-sc-cambuur-berbuah-sejarah |access-date=25 January 2017 |website=cnnindonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kan Helmond Sport, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun 2017. A wannan wasan, Lilipaly ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen cin kwallaye 2 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Helmond Sports. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cetak Gol Perdana dan Assists, SC Cambuur: Kerja Bagus Stefano Lilipaly |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20170205/cetak-gol-perdana-dan-assist-sc-cambuur-kerja-bagus-stefano-lilipaly |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a watan Agustan 2017 ya koma [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stefano Lilipaly Pergi, Ini Calon Penggantinya di SC Cambuur |url=https://superball.bolasport.com/read/331429794/stefano-lilipaly-pergi-ini-calon-penggantinya-di-sc-cambuur |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=superball.bolasport.com |language=id}}</ref> === Bali United === ==== Kakar 2017 ==== A ranar 12 ga Agusta 2017, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da ƙungiyar Bali United ta ƙasar Indonesia, wadda za ta buga gasar La Liga ta 1 a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2017 |title=Kejutan! Stefano Lilipaly Resmi Gabung Bali United |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2017/08/12/03172778/kejutan-stefano-lilipaly-resmi-gabung-bali-united |access-date=2017-08-12 |website=bola.kompas.com}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2017, Lilipaly ya fara buga gasar a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka yi da Madura United, inda ya maye gurbin I Made Andhika Wijaya a minti na 78. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2017, Lilipaly ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar, inda ya zura ƙwallo biyu a gasar La Liga ta 1, wanda hakan ya sa suka yi nasara a kan Arema da ci 6-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gol Perdana Lilipaly dan Semangat Berlipat dari Keluarga |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20171009160105-142-247189/gol-perdana-lilipaly-dan-semangat-berlipat-dari-keluarga |website=cnnindonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2017, ya zura ƙwallo a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Persiba Balikpapan da ci 3-2 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Persiba 3-2 Bali United: Berakhir Dramatis di Menit Akhir |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20171016/persiba-3-2-bali-united-berakhir-dramatis-di-menit-akhir |website=indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2017, Lilipaly ya zura ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a minti na 95, kuma ita ce ta yi nasara a kan PSM Makassar . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2017 |title=Hasil PSM vs Bali United Skor Akhir 0-1 |url=https://tirto.id/hasil-psm-vs-bali-united-skor-akhir-0-1-czHS |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta farko a shekarar 2017 da kwallaye 4 a wasanni 15. ==== kakar 2018 ==== A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2018, ya fara buga wa kulob din Asiya wasa, inda ya fara wasa a wasan cin Kofin AFC na 2018 da kulob din Philippines Global a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2018 |title=PIALA AFC 2018 : Bali United Imbangi Global Cebu FC 1-1 |url=https://m.solopos.com/piala-afc-2018-bali-united-imbangi-global-cebu-fc-1-1-898454 |website=solopos.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Maris 2018, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin Kofin AFC ga Bali United a minti na 74 da nasara 3-1 a kan kulob din V.League 1 Thanh Hóa . Kwallon da ya zura an sanya masa a matsayin mafi kyawun kwallo a mako na uku na gasar cin Kofin AFC na 2018, a kuri'ar da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Asiya ta gudanar, kwallon da Lilipaly ya zura ta sami goyon bayan masu jefa kuri'a 31.446 ko kuma kashi 83% na kuri'un da aka kada. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Bali United Vs FLC Thanh Hoa - Gol Demerson dan Lilipaly Bawa Serdadu Tridatu Berbalik Unggul |url=https://www.bolasport.com/read/311337461/bali-united-vs-flc-thanh-hoa-gol-demerson-dan-lilipaly-bawa-serdadu-tridatu-berbalik-unggul |website=www.bolasport.com |language=id}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Gol Lilipaly Terbaik Di Pekan Ketiga Piala AFC |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20180309182358-142-281823/gol-lilipaly-terbaik-di-pekan-ketiga-piala-afc |website=www.cnnindonesia.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Maris 2018, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2018, wato kwallon farko da ya ci a kan PSMS Medan a wasan da suka tashi 1-0 a gasar La Liga 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2018 |title=Hasil Liga 1, Gol Lilipaly Bawa Bali United Kalahkan PSMS Medan |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2018/03/24/20220018/hasil-liga-1-gol-lilipaly-bawa-bali-united-kalahkan-psms-medan?page=all |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu a gasar a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2018, inda ya fara zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke PS Barito Putera da ci 2-0 da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida Aditya Harlan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2018 |title=VIDEO: Gol Indah Stefano Lilipaly Buat Kiper Barito Putera Merenung |url=https://www.bola.com/indonesia/read/3478714/video-gol-indah-stefano-lilipaly-buat-kiper-barito-putera-merenung |website=www.bola.com |language=id}}</ref> Kwarewarsa a watan Mayu ya sa ya ci kwallaye uku a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Sriwijaya (3-4), Mitra Kukar (3-1), sannan ya yi nasara a kan Arema (1-0). <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2018 |title=Bali United 3–4 Sriwijaya FC |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/05/05/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/persijatim-sriwijaya-fc-palembang/2758715/ |website=Soccerway |language=id}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2018 |title=Mitra Kukar 3–1 Bali United |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/stefano-lilipaly/136114/ |website=Soccerway |language=id}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2018 |title=Bali United 1–0 Arema |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/05/18/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/arema-isl-rendra-kresna/2758733/ |website=Soccerway |language=id}}</ref> Lilipaly ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 12 a wasanni 22. ==== kakar 2019 ==== A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2019, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2019 ga Bali United a wasan sada zumunci da kungiyar Ligue Futebol ta Timor-Leste Boavista, wadda ta kare da nasara da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2019 |title=Menang 4-1 Lawan Boavista FC Timor Leste, Lini Belakang Bali United Jadi Sorotan |url=https://bali.tribunnews.com/2019/04/13/menang-4-1-lawan-boavista-fc-timor-leste-lini-belakang-bali-united-jadi-sorotan |access-date=13 April 2019 |website=bali.tribunnews.com}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Afrilu, ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Bali United inda suka doke Persija Jakarta da ci 2-1 a wasan farko na gasar Piala Indonesia ta 2018-19 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2019 |title=Hasil 8 Besar Piala Indonesia, Bali United Vs Persija Jakarta 2-1 |url=https://bola.tempo.co/read/1199605/hasil-8-besar-piala-indonesia-bali-united-vs-persija-jakarta-2-1 |access-date=18 April 2019 |website=tempo.co}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Yuli, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2019, kwallon farko da ya ci Persib Bandung a wasan da suka tashi 0-2 a gasar La Liga 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2019 |title=Persib Vs Bali United, Gol Cepat Lilipaly Jadi Pembeda Babak Pertama |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2019/07/26/19201138/persib-vs-bali-united-gol-cepat-lilipaly-jadi-pembeda-babak-pertama?page=all |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Agusta, ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Bali United a wasan da suka tashi 1-2 da TIRA-Persikabo, inda nasarar da suka samu a waje, Bali United yanzu tana matsayi na daya ta hanyar tara maki 31 daga wasanni 13 da aka buga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2019 |title=3 Fakta Menarik Kemenangan Bali United atas Tira Persikabo, Panggung Stefano Lilipaly! |url=https://bolastylo.bolasport.com/amp/171819954/3-fakta-menarik-kemenangan-bali-united-atas-tira-persikabo-panggung-stefano-lilipaly?page=all |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=bolasport.com |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804234412/https://bolastylo.bolasport.com/amp/171819954/3-fakta-menarik-kemenangan-bali-united-atas-tira-persikabo-panggung-stefano-lilipaly?page=all |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lilipaly ya zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu kuma ya taimaka wa Melvin Platje ya zura kwallo a bugun farko a wasan da Bali United ta tashi kunnen doki 2-2 da Persipura Jayapura a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2019 |title=Stefano Lilipaly Akui Begitu Emosional Saat Jebol Gawang Persipura, Ini Alasannya |url=https://bali.tribunnews.com/2019/11/11/stefano-lilipaly-akui-begitu-emosional-saat-jebol-gawang-persipura-ini-alasannya |website=bali.tribunnews.com |language=id}}</ref> Lilipaly ya zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu sannan Ilija Spasojević ya sake zura kwallo a raga a wasan da Bali United ta doke Persib Bandung da ci 3-2 a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=Hasil Liga 1: Bali United vs Persib Bandung, Skor Akhir 3-2 |url=https://bola.tempo.co/read/1277893/hasil-liga-1-bali-united-vs-persib-bandung-skor-akhir-3-2 |website=tempo.co |language=id}}</ref> Ya yi kakar wasa mai kyau a wannan kakar wasa da wasanni 30 da kwallaye 5, yayin da ya taimaka wa Bali United lashe gasar La Liga 1 a wannan kakar. A ranar 2 ga Disamba 2019, Bali United ta lashe gasar a karon farko a tarihinta, inda ta zama kungiya ta bakwai da ta lashe gasar La Liga 1 bayan Borneo da ke matsayi na biyu ta yi kunnen doki da PSM, sannan ta yi nasara a Semen Padang, wanda hakan ya bai wa Bali United maki 17 yayin da wasanni hudu kacal suka rage mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Bali United seal first-ever Indonesia Liga 1 title with 2-0 win over Semen Padang |url=https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/1205506/bali-united-seal-first-ever-indonesia-liga-1-title-with-2-0-win-over-semen-pedang/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230543/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/1205506/bali-united-seal-first-ever-indonesia-liga-1-title-with-2-0-win-over-semen-pedang/ |archive-date=2 December 2019 |access-date=2 December 2019 |website=FOX Sports Asia}}</ref> ==== kakar 2020 ==== A ranar 14 ga Janairu 2020, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2020 ga Bali United a wasan share fage na neman gurbin shiga gasar zakarun AFC ta 2020 da zakarun gasar Premier ta Singapore sau biyar, Tampines Rovers, Lilipaly da kuma sabon dan wasan da aka saya [[Sidik Saimima]] sun tabbatar da nasara 5-3 sannan Bali United ta kai zagaye na farko na 2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2020 |title=DRAMA DELAPAN GOL HINGGA BABAK PERPANJANGAN WAKTU WARNAI KEMENANGAN BALI UNITED ATAS TAMPINES ROVERS |url=http://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/drama-delapan-gol-hingga-babak-perpanjangan-waktu-warnai-kemenangan-bali-united-atas-tampines-rovers/ |access-date=14 January 2020 |website=Bali United Official Website |archive-date=14 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114233917/http://www.baliutd.com/news/media-news/drama-delapan-gol-hingga-babak-perpanjangan-waktu-warnai-kemenangan-bali-united-atas-tampines-rovers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Maris, Lilipaly ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2020, kwallon farko da ya ci wa PS Barito Putera a wasan da suka tashi 1-2 a gasar La Liga 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2020 |title=Barito Putera Vs Bali United - VIDEO Gol Stefano Lilipaly, Perdana Musim Ini |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2020/03/06/19240838/barito-putera-vs-bali-united-video-gol-stefano-lilipaly-perdana-musim-ini |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> Lilipaly ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallo daya kacal a wasanni 2, saboda an dakatar da gasar a hukumance saboda annobar COVID-19 . ==== Kakar wasa ta 2021–22: Kakar wasa ta ƙarshe tare da Bali United ==== Lilipaly ya kasance abin tattaunawa mai zafi a farkon wannan shekarar. Kwantiraginsa ya kare a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2020. Duk da haka, lokacin da ƙungiyar ta fara shirye-shirye a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, Lilipaly bai shiga ba. An nuna shi a cikin ayyukan horo a kusa da bakin teku na Jerman, Kuta, Bali, tare da Beto Gonçalves da Demerson . Sau da yawa yana ɗora ayyukan ta hanyar asusunsa na [[Instagram]], A ranar 12 ga Maris, 2021, Bali United ta sanar da tsawaita kwangilar Lilipaly har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2021 |title=Akhiri Spekulasi, Bali United Resmi Perpanjang Kontrak Stefano Lilipaly |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20210312/akhiri-spekulasi-bali-united-resmi-perpanjang-kontrak-stefano-lilipaly |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=www.indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2021, ya fara wasansa a kakar wasa ta 2021–22 ta La Liga 1 ga Bali United a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Persib Bandung, ya zo a matsayin madadin Yabes Roni a minti na 85. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2021 |title=Bali United 2–2 Persib Bandung - Soccerway |url=https://id.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/18/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/persib-bandung/3514562/ |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Ya buga cikakken minti 90 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Bhayangkara a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, inda ya sami taimakon taimako ɗaya, kuma a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, ya buga cikakken minti 90 a wasan da suka yi da Persija Jakarta . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=Bali United 1–2 Bhayangkara FC - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/10/23/indonesia/super-liga/persisam-putra-samarinda/bhayangkara-surabaya-utd/3514611/ |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2021 |title=Persija Jakarta 0–1 Bali United - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/11/25/indonesia/super-liga/persija-isl/persisam-putra-samarinda/3514659/ |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Janairu 2022, Lilipaly ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kakar wasa ta 2021–22, kwallon farko da ya zira a kan Persib Bandung a wasan da suka tashi 0-1 a gasar La Liga 1. [1] Kwarewarsa a watan Fabrairu ya sa ya zira kwallaye hudu a wasanni da suka yi da Persikabo 1973 (0–3), Bhayangkara (0–3), Persipura Jayapura (4–1) sannan ya yi kunnen doki da PSM Makassar (2–2). [2] [3] [4] [5] A ranar 31 ga Maris 2022, ya zira kwallaye a wasan da suka doke Persik Kediri da ci 1-3. [6] A ranar 6 ga Mayu 2021, Lilipaly bai sabunta kwangilarsa da Bali United a kakar wasa mai zuwa ba, wannan ya faru ne saboda kungiyar ta kasa amincewa kan darajar kwangilar da ya nema, don haka ya zabi ya tafi. Ya buga wasanni 119 a cikin shekaru biyar ga Bali United a dukkan gasa, inda ya zira kwallaye 32, inda ya taimaka wajen taimakawa kungiyar lashe gasar a karo na biyu. [7] [8] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qnx3a5iuxwx99ff7w6unjcip3njdo14 0 151392 889230 836541 2026-07-30T03:57:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Onyebuchi Obasi''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2005) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] a kulob ɗin Ettan Stockholm a matsayin aro daga Vålerenga . == Rayuwa ta farko == Obasi ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Kwalejin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Beyond Limit, [1] reshen ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa na Remo Stars FC . == Aikin kulob == === Vålerenga IF === A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2024, Obasi ya koma Vålerenga bisa yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=Beyond Limits Youngster Onyebuchi Obasi Signs for Norwegian First Division Club Valerenga |url=https://myleaguewire.com/2024/02/26/beyond-limits-youngster-onyebuchi-obasi-signs-for-norwegian-first-division-club-valerenga/ |access-date=16 May 2026 |archive-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322222856/https://myleaguewire.com/2024/02/26/beyond-limits-youngster-onyebuchi-obasi-signs-for-norwegian-first-division-club-valerenga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] rs6aww7stdsfzstwrvpo75b4xer90oc 0 151696 889072 886929 2026-07-29T16:21:10Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Justin Chidi Nnorom''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Disamban shekarar 1978) ɗan siyasa ne na Najeriya kuma tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] wanda ya buga ƙwallon gaba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Nnorom i gol, którego nie miało być |url=https://sport.interia.pl/klub-lech-poznan/news-katastrofa-lotnicza-ulubiency-kibicow-i-radny-pilkarze-z-afr,nId,5493996 |publisher=interia.pl}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Nnorom ɗan wani malami ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Nnorom – Weszlo article |url=https://weszlo.com/2018/09/17/byc-dobrym-czlowiekiem-szanowac-ludzi-bez-wzgledu-na-to-kim-sa/}}</ref> == Sana'a == Nnorom ya kuma yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bayan ya ji rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |title="Nie uwierzysz, jak powiem ci coś o Polsce" |url=https://przegladsportowy.onet.pl/pilka-nozna/ekstraklasa/nie-uwierzysz-jak-powiem-ci-cos-o-polsce-matka-myslala-ze-zmysla/g630w0x |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230831170835/https://przegladsportowy.onet.pl/pilka-nozna/ekstraklasa/nie-uwierzysz-jak-powiem-ci-cos-o-polsce-matka-myslala-ze-zmysla/g630w0x |archive-date=2023-08-31 |access-date=2023-09-12 |publisher=onet.pl}}</ref> == Sana'ar bayan wasa == Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru, Nnorom ya gudanar da makarantar koyon harsuna, wanda daga ƙarshe aka mayar da shi hukumar fassara. [1] Yana kuma gudanar da hukumar kula da ƙwallon ƙafa. [2] A shekarar 2014, ya yi nasarar tsayawa takara a majalisar karamar hukumar Gmina Dopiewo . Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, an zaɓe shi don wani wa'adi, bayan ya sami mafi yawan ƙuri'u daga dukkan 'yan takara a yankinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title="Nie uwierzysz, jak powiem ci coś o Polsce". Matka myślała, że zmyśla |url=https://przegladsportowy.onet.pl/pilka-nozna/ekstraklasa/nie-uwierzysz-jak-powiem-ci-cos-o-polsce-matka-myslala-ze-zmysla/g630w0x |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=przegladsportowy.onet.p |language=pl}}</ref> An sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NNOROM Justin Chidi |url=https://samorzad2024.pkw.gov.pl/samorzad2024/pl/rada_gminy/kandydat/3269020 |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=samorzad2024.pkw.gov.pl |language=pl}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Nnorom ya yi karatun fannin Turanci a Poznań. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Nnorom o kontuzji, która mogła skończyć się amputacją nogi i długu wdzięczności wobec Lecha Poznań |url=https://poznan.wyborcza.pl/poznan/7,36013,23178541,justin-nnorom-o-kontuzji-ktora-mogla-skonczyc-sie-amputacja.html |publisher=wyborcza.pl}}</ref> Ya sami takardar zama ɗan ƙasar Poland a farkon shekarar 2011. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Dąbrówka, yana da aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justin Nnorom. Nigeryjczyk, który zakochał się w Polsce |url=https://dziendobry.tvn.pl/styl-zycia/justin-nnorom-nigeryjczyk-ktory-zakochal-sie-w-polsce-da278746-ls5349359 |publisher=tvn.pl |access-date=2026-05-18 |archive-date=2026-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519200449/https://dziendobry.tvn.pl/styl-zycia/justin-nnorom-nigeryjczyk-ktory-zakochal-sie-w-polsce-da278746-ls5349359 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] j5msbtzjru3rufuhy1tx0qfjbqu29ea 0 151717 889257 837897 2026-07-30T06:57:16Z BnHamid 12586 889257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Basheer Salisu''' alkalin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin alkalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da suka yi aiki a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta cikin gida da kuma wasu manyan gasa da ake gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya da nahiyar Afirka. An san shi da gudanar da wasanni cikin tsari tare da bin ƙa’idojin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Referees List |url=https://www.fifa.com/technical/refereeing/international-referees |website=FIFA |access-date=19 May 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Basheer Salisu ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin hukumar kula da alƙalan wasa ta Najeriya wato ''Nigeria Referees Association'' da kuma [[Nigeria Football Federation]]. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da jagorantar wasannin gasar lig ta Najeriya da sauran gasa na cikin gida. Hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sanannun alkalan wasa masu tasowa daga Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Football Federation Referees Department |url=https://thenff.com/ |website=Nigeria Football Federation |access-date=19 May 2026 |language=en}}</ref> A wasu lokuta, Basheer Salisu ya shiga cikin gudanar da manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa da suka haɗa da wasannin kofuna da na gasar lig. Gudummawarsa wajen tabbatar da adalci da bin dokokin wasa ta sa yake samun karɓuwa daga masu bibiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=CAF Match Officials and Referees |url=https://www.cafonline.com/ |website=Confederation of African Football |access-date=19 May 2026 |language=en}}</ref> == Aiki == * Alkalin wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya * Mamba a ƙungiyar ''Nigeria Referees Association'' * Gudanar da wasannin cikin gida da na kofuna == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Salisu, Basheer}} [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da suke raye]] cx96dv3vkrt54aes6v19bgsaxwgr10b 0 151738 889251 837925 2026-07-30T06:51:24Z BnHamid 12586 889251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abibatu Iyadunni Stockl''' alƙaliyar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga ƙasar Najeriya wadda ta shahara a matsayin mataimakiyar alƙali (assistant referee) a gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa. Ta kasance cikin jerin alƙalan wasa na Najeriya da Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Duniya (FIFA) ta amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa ƙarƙashin kulawar CAF da FIFA.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |website=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 January 2026 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> An sanya sunan Abibatu Iyadunni Stockl cikin jerin mataimakan alƙalan wasa na Najeriya tun daga shekarar 2019, abin da ya ba ta damar shiga gudanar da wasannin nahiyar Afirka da sauran gasa na duniya da FIFA ke amincewa da su.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=1 January 2026 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, FIFA ta sake sanya ta cikin jerin jami’an wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa daga Najeriya tare da wasu alƙalai maza da mata guda 30 da aka tantance domin gudanar da wasannin duniya. Wannan ya nuna ci gaba da amincewar da hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa ke yi da ƙwarewarta a fagen alƙalanci.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistant referees on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.completesports.com/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists/ |website=Complete Sports |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> Rahotanni daga Najeriya sun bayyana cewa Abibatu Iyadunni Stockl tana cikin ƙananan mata alƙalai da suka wakilci Najeriya a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, musamman a matsayin mataimakiyar alƙali a gasannin da CAF da FIFA ke ɗaukar nauyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[FIFA]] * [[Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya]] * [[CAF]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Masu ruwa da tsaki a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Mata a wasanni]] a49zbsodoid1meg9mu423advhffdf0m 0 151970 889301 838950 2026-07-30T07:53:16Z BnHamid 12586 889301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter "Eto" Amaechina''' tsohon ɗan Najeriya ne wanda ya yi suna a matsayin mai horas da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafan ƙasa ta Najeriya, wato Super Eagles. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin farkon ‘yan Najeriya da suka jagoranci tawagar ƙasa bayan samun ‘yancin kai, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar horas da ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya a ƙarshen shekarun 1960.<ref>https://news360ng.com/full-list-coaches-who-led-nigerias-super-eagles-from-1949-to-2024/</ref> Peter Amaechina ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarun 1969 zuwa 1970. Bayan ɗan Sifaniya Sabino Barinaga ne ya karɓi aikin horas da tawagar, kuma daga baya Karl-Heinz Marotzke ɗan Jamus ya gaje shi. Wannan ya sanya Amaechina cikin jerin farko-farkon masu horas da Super Eagles na asalin Najeriya.<ref>https://factsheet.ng/football-history-in-nigeria-super-eagles-coaches-from-1949-2024/</ref> A tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya, ana yawan ambaton Peter “Eto” Amaechina tare da sauran tsofaffin masu horaswa irin su Daniel Anyiam da Adegboye Onigbinde saboda gudummawar da suka bayar wajen kafa tubalin ci gaban ƙungiyar ƙasa. Masana tarihi na ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya suna kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu horaswa na farko da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa tsarin horaswa na cikin gida.<ref>https://punchng.com/?p=2090707</ref> Ko da yake babu cikakkun bayanai da yawa game da rayuwarsa ta farko da tarihin aikinsa a fili, sunansa yana cikin jerin hukuma na masu horas da Super Eagles tun daga shekarar 1949 har zuwa zamani. Wannan ya tabbatar da matsayinsa a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_national_football_team</ref> A wasu rahotanni na tarihi da nazari kan masu horas da Najeriya, an bayyana Peter “Eto” Amaechina a matsayin mutum mai muhimmanci wajen ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida a lokacin da Najeriya ke ƙoƙarin kafa kanta a nahiyar Afirka ta fuskar wasanni.<ref>https://nationalpilot.wixsite.com/nationalpilot/single-post/2015/07/13/who-is-nigeria-s-best-indigenous-coach-ever</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Super Eagles]] * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Adegboye Onigbinde]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 74ijlusb8sl0m6n7whors9mofgrzswc 0 152113 889203 839665 2026-07-29T23:44:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obio Akpor Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a yankin Obio-Akpor a jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Kungiyar tana daga cikin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na matakin ƙasa da na matasa da ke taka rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Port Harcourt da kewaye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goafricaonline.com/ng/982972-obio-akpor-football-club |title=Obio Akpor Football Club |website=Go Africa Online |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne daga makarantar '''Akpor Grammar School''' da ke Ozuoba a jihar Rivers. Ana amfani da filin makarantar wajen horaswa da wasannin sada zumunta da ci gaban matasa masu sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goafricaonline.com/ng/982972-obio-akpor-football-club |title=Obio Akpor Football Club |website=Go Africa Online |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Obio-Akpor na daga cikin manyan yankunan da suka yi fice wajen harkokin wasanni a jihar Rivers, musamman saboda kasancewarsa cikin babban birnin Port Harcourt. Yankin ya samar da yanayi mai kyau ga ci gaban kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa da na al’umma.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obio-Akpor |title=Obio-Akpor |website=Wikipedia |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarun baya, yankin Obio-Akpor ya kasance cibiyar gudanar da wasannin sada zumunta da na nishaɗi. Hakan ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tsakanin matasa da tsofaffin ‘yan wasa a yankin Rivers State.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewswriterng.com/2013/03/28/obioakpor-allstars-fc-%E2%80%98home-of-love%E2%80%99/ |title=Obio/Akpor Allstars FC ‘Home Of Love’ |work=The Newswriter |date=28 March 2013 |access-date=24 May 2026 |archive-date=24 May 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260524112151/https://www.thenewswriterng.com/2013/03/28/obioakpor-allstars-fc-%25E2%2580%2598home-of-love%25E2%2580%2599/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yankin Akpor da Obio-Akpor gaba ɗaya na daga cikin cibiyoyin ci gaban al’ummar Ikwerre a jihar Rivers. Hakan ya ba da gudummawa wajen samar da kungiyoyin wasanni da dama domin haɗin kai da bunƙasa matasa ta hanyar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akpor |title=Akpor Kingdom |website=Wikipedia |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Port Harcourt]] * [[Rivers State]] * [[Football in Nigeria]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 5wloekg5krhlo2mk3a723lu6xye4snv 0 152220 888943 851095 2026-07-29T13:14:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 888943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande | image = | image_size = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Offa]], [[Kwara State]], Nigeria | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | citizenship = [[Americans|American]] | field = [[Electrical engineering]] | work_institution = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] | alma_mater ={{ubl| [[Obafemi Awolowo University]] <small>([[B.Sc.]],[[M.Sc.]])</small> | [[Stanford University]] <small>([[Ph.D.]])</small> }} | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | prizes = }} '''Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande''' <ref name="high">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2004 |title=A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides. |url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Highbeam |publisher=Africa News Service}}</ref> farfesa ne na [[Injinia.|injiniya]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] <ref>{{cite news |author=Kathy Dobson |title=Six Marshall, Rhodes Scholars at MIT |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V124/N57/57_rhodes.57n.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003324/http://tech.mit.edu/V124/N57/57_rhodes.57n.html |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |accessdate=May 4, 2015 |publisher=The Tech}}</ref> a Sashen Injiniyan Lantarki da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Akinwande's bio at MIT |url=https://www-mtl.mit.edu/~akinwand/ |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> An nada shi a matsayin shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lantarki ta [[Najeriya]], NERC, kuma ya ce zai girmama nadin da ya samu da zarar ya sami izini daga ma'aikatansa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-27 |title=I didn't reject NERC job — Prof Akinwande |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/didnt-reject-nerc-job-prof-akinwande/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Akintunde a [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Offa]] a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OPINION - Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande: A Noble Nigerian with Dignified Strides. By Nsikan Ikpe |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=10593 |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> Ya halarci [[Kwalejin Gwamnati, Ibadan]] . Ya sami B.Sc. (Ingilishi, 1978) (1981) a cikin injiniyan lantarki da lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] a Ile-Ife da Ph.D. (1986) a cikin injiniyoyin lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Stanford]], California.<ref name="high">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2004 |title=A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides. |url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Highbeam |publisher=Africa News Service}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides "A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides"]. ''Highbeam''. Africa News Service. October 28, 2004. Archived from [http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides the original] on May 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Akinwande ya fara aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Honeywell Inc. da ke Bloomington, [[Minnesota]] a shekarar 1986. Da farko, ya mayar da hankali kan bincike a fannin fasahar Gas Complementary FET domin samar da sarrafa sigina mai matuƙar sauri tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exlink Lodge - Nigeria Entertainment, Politics & Celebrity News |url=http://exlink1.rssing.com/chan-57910524/all_p149.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=exlink1.rssing.com}}</ref> Ya zama Mataimakin farfesa a Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Lantarki da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta da Laboratories na Fasaha (MTL) a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a watan Janairun 1995, yana bincike kan na'urori masu auna sigina, masu hanzari, fitar da filayen fim da na'urorin nunawa, micro-fabrication da na'urar lantarki tare da mai mahimmanci akan na'uroni masu amfani da na'ura masu aiki, manyan kayan lantarki na yanki (macro-electronics) da na'ar ionization na filin, mass spectrometry da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 July 2016 |title=Buhari nominates MIT Prof Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande as new NERC Chair – Tekedia |url=https://www.tekedia.com/buhari-nominates-mit-prof-akintunde-ibitayo-akinwande-as-new-nerc-chair/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya haɓaka filayen filayen filaye masu laushi don RF Micro-Triode Power Amplifiers da Flat Panel Displays, yana nuna yiwuwar amfani da filayen filayin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=27 April 2011 |title=Nigeria Techstars Series – Prof Akintunde Ibitayo (Tayo) Akinwande of MIT – Tekedia |url=https://www.tekedia.com/nigeria-techstars-series-prof-akintunde-ibitayo-tayo-akinwande-of-mit/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Binciken nasa kuma yana mai da hankali kan: * Microstructures da nanostructures don na'urori masu auna sigina da masu aiki, da kuma microelectronics. * Na'urori don manyan kayan lantarki da nuni mai laushinuni na kwandon kwandon * [[Tranzista|transistors]] na ƙarfe na ƙarfe don kayan lantarki masu girma * Tsarin gine-ginen budewa na CNT don ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutaMass spectrometry * Nazarin girma na SWNTs a cikin jirgin sama da na waje don na'urorin lantarki * CNT FEA na zamani a kan Si Pillars * Batch-fabricated linear quadrupole mass filters<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research interest |url=https://www-mtl.mit.edu/~akinwand/research.html |access-date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=MIT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New gas sensor is tiny, quick (1/12/2008) |url=http://www.chemistrytimes.com/research/New_gas_sensor_is_tiny_quick.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003605/http://www.chemistrytimes.com/research/New_gas_sensor_is_tiny_quick.asp |archive-date=2015-05-05 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Chemistry Times}}</ref><ref name="patent">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US |url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components}}</ref> Ya kafa Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Sama ta Najeriya a shekara ta 2004. Ya yi aiki a kwamitocin shirye-shiryen fasaha don tarurruka daban-daban kamar: * Taron Binciken Na'ura, * Taron Na'urorin Electron na Duniya, * Taron Ƙasashen Ƙasashen Duniya, * Taron Binciken Bayyanawa na Duniya * Taron Microelectronics na Duniya. == Matsayi na ilimi da membobin == * Farfesa mai ziyara a Sashen Injiniya na Jami'ar Cambridge <ref name="Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande">{{Cite web |title=Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande |url=https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=mtlsites.mit.edu}}</ref> * Abokin hulɗa na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Churchill daga 2002 zuwa 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-26 |title=Read Profile Of MIT Professor, Akinwande Who Rejected Buhari's Job |url=http://www.completenewsng.com/read-profile-of-mit-professor-akinwande-who-rejected-buharis-job/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Complete News |language=en-US}}</ref> * memba na Majalisar Nanotechnology ta IEEE . == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Sweatt Kyautar Fasaha ta Honeywell (1989) * Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa (NSF) Kyautar Ayyuka. (1996)<ref name="Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande">{{Cite web |title=Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande |url=https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=mtlsites.mit.edu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ "Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande"]. ''mtlsites.mit.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-30</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Abokan aji na 2008 IEEE <ref>{{Cite web |title=Microanalyzer |url=https://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/micro-analyzer-0110.html |website=MIT}}</ref> == Littattafai == Ya wallafa mujallu da wallafe-wallafe sama da 100. == Takaddun shaida == * Takaddun shaida da yawa a cikin MEMS, Electronics a kan Flexible Substrates, Nuni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Batch fabricated rectangular rod, planar MEMS quadrupole with ion optics US 7935924 B2 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7935924 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Amfani guda ɗaya, microvalve mai rufewa na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Single-use, permanently-sealable microvalve US 20130133757 A1 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130133757 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Diaphragm mataki filin emitter da kuma backfilling hanya don samar da microstructure. * Kowane mutum ya sauya jerin fitarwa na filin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Individually switched field emission arrays WO 2014124041 A2 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014124041A2/un |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Na'urar fitar da filayen kwayoyin halitta. <ref name="patent">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US |url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ "Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US"]. ''Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components''. May 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Patent no. 6870312 |url=http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6870312.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505041007/http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6870312.html |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=PatentGenius}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dense array of field emitters using vertical ballasting structures |url=https://www.google.co.ug/patents/WO2009039338A1?cl=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Organic field emission device, US 20030080672 A1 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20030080672 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9r59ju6vd3nb92wlvzecsknzfvimbfb 888944 888943 2026-07-29T13:15:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 888944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande | image = | image_size = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Offa]], [[Kwara State]], Nigeria | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | citizenship = [[Americans|American]] | field = [[Electrical engineering]] | work_institution = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] | alma_mater ={{ubl| [[Obafemi Awolowo University]] <small>([[B.Sc.]],[[M.Sc.]])</small> | [[Stanford University]] <small>([[Ph.D.]])</small> }} | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | prizes = }} '''Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande''' <ref name="high">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2004 |title=A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides. |url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Highbeam |publisher=Africa News Service}}</ref> farfesa ne na [[Injinia.|injiniya]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] <ref>{{cite news |author=Kathy Dobson |title=Six Marshall, Rhodes Scholars at MIT |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V124/N57/57_rhodes.57n.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003324/http://tech.mit.edu/V124/N57/57_rhodes.57n.html |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |accessdate=May 4, 2015 |publisher=The Tech}}</ref> a Sashen Injiniyan Lantarki da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Akinwande's bio at MIT |url=https://www-mtl.mit.edu/~akinwand/ |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> An nada shi a matsayin shugaban Hukumar Kula da [[Lantarki]] ta [[Najeriya]], NERC, kuma ya ce zai girmama nadin da ya samu da zarar ya sami izini daga ma'aikatansa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-27 |title=I didn't reject NERC job — Prof Akinwande |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/didnt-reject-nerc-job-prof-akinwande/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Akintunde a [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Offa]] a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OPINION - Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande: A Noble Nigerian with Dignified Strides. By Nsikan Ikpe |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=10593 |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> Ya halarci [[Kwalejin Gwamnati, Ibadan]] . Ya sami B.Sc. (Ingilishi, 1978) (1981) a cikin injiniyan lantarki da lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] a Ile-Ife da Ph.D. (1986) a cikin injiniyoyin lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Stanford]], California.<ref name="high">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2004 |title=A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides. |url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Highbeam |publisher=Africa News Service}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides "A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides"]. ''Highbeam''. Africa News Service. October 28, 2004. Archived from [http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides the original] on May 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Akinwande ya fara aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Honeywell Inc. da ke Bloomington, [[Minnesota]] a shekarar 1986. Da farko, ya mayar da hankali kan bincike a fannin fasahar Gas Complementary FET domin samar da sarrafa sigina mai matuƙar sauri tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exlink Lodge - Nigeria Entertainment, Politics & Celebrity News |url=http://exlink1.rssing.com/chan-57910524/all_p149.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=exlink1.rssing.com}}</ref> Ya zama Mataimakin farfesa a Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Lantarki da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta da Laboratories na Fasaha (MTL) a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a watan Janairun 1995, yana bincike kan na'urori masu auna sigina, masu hanzari, fitar da filayen fim da na'urorin nunawa, micro-fabrication da na'urar lantarki tare da mai mahimmanci akan na'uroni masu amfani da na'ura masu aiki, manyan kayan lantarki na yanki (macro-electronics) da na'ar ionization na filin, mass spectrometry da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 July 2016 |title=Buhari nominates MIT Prof Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande as new NERC Chair – Tekedia |url=https://www.tekedia.com/buhari-nominates-mit-prof-akintunde-ibitayo-akinwande-as-new-nerc-chair/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya haɓaka filayen filayen filaye masu laushi don RF Micro-Triode Power Amplifiers da Flat Panel Displays, yana nuna yiwuwar amfani da filayen filayin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=27 April 2011 |title=Nigeria Techstars Series – Prof Akintunde Ibitayo (Tayo) Akinwande of MIT – Tekedia |url=https://www.tekedia.com/nigeria-techstars-series-prof-akintunde-ibitayo-tayo-akinwande-of-mit/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Binciken nasa kuma yana mai da hankali kan: * Microstructures da nanostructures don na'urori masu auna sigina da masu aiki, da kuma microelectronics. * Na'urori don manyan kayan lantarki da nuni mai laushinuni na kwandon kwandon * [[Tranzista|transistors]] na ƙarfe na ƙarfe don kayan lantarki masu girma * Tsarin gine-ginen budewa na CNT don ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutaMass spectrometry * Nazarin girma na SWNTs a cikin jirgin sama da na waje don na'urorin lantarki * CNT FEA na zamani a kan Si Pillars * Batch-fabricated linear quadrupole mass filters<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research interest |url=https://www-mtl.mit.edu/~akinwand/research.html |access-date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=MIT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New gas sensor is tiny, quick (1/12/2008) |url=http://www.chemistrytimes.com/research/New_gas_sensor_is_tiny_quick.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003605/http://www.chemistrytimes.com/research/New_gas_sensor_is_tiny_quick.asp |archive-date=2015-05-05 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Chemistry Times}}</ref><ref name="patent">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US |url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components}}</ref> Ya kafa Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Sama ta Najeriya a shekara ta 2004. Ya yi aiki a kwamitocin shirye-shiryen fasaha don tarurruka daban-daban kamar: * Taron Binciken Na'ura, * Taron Na'urorin Electron na Duniya, * Taron Ƙasashen Ƙasashen Duniya, * Taron Binciken Bayyanawa na Duniya * Taron Microelectronics na Duniya. == Matsayi na ilimi da membobin == * Farfesa mai ziyara a Sashen Injiniya na Jami'ar Cambridge <ref name="Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande">{{Cite web |title=Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande |url=https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=mtlsites.mit.edu}}</ref> * Abokin hulɗa na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Churchill daga 2002 zuwa 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-26 |title=Read Profile Of MIT Professor, Akinwande Who Rejected Buhari's Job |url=http://www.completenewsng.com/read-profile-of-mit-professor-akinwande-who-rejected-buharis-job/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Complete News |language=en-US}}</ref> * memba na Majalisar Nanotechnology ta IEEE . == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Sweatt Kyautar Fasaha ta Honeywell (1989) * Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa (NSF) Kyautar Ayyuka. (1996)<ref name="Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande">{{Cite web |title=Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande |url=https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=mtlsites.mit.edu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ "Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande"]. ''mtlsites.mit.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-30</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Abokan aji na 2008 IEEE <ref>{{Cite web |title=Microanalyzer |url=https://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/micro-analyzer-0110.html |website=MIT}}</ref> == Littattafai == Ya wallafa mujallu da wallafe-wallafe sama da 100. == Takaddun shaida == * Takaddun shaida da yawa a cikin MEMS, Electronics a kan Flexible Substrates, Nuni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Batch fabricated rectangular rod, planar MEMS quadrupole with ion optics US 7935924 B2 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7935924 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Amfani guda ɗaya, microvalve mai rufewa na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Single-use, permanently-sealable microvalve US 20130133757 A1 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130133757 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Diaphragm mataki filin emitter da kuma backfilling hanya don samar da microstructure. * Kowane mutum ya sauya jerin fitarwa na filin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Individually switched field emission arrays WO 2014124041 A2 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014124041A2/un |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Na'urar fitar da filayen kwayoyin halitta. <ref name="patent">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US |url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ "Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US"]. ''Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components''. May 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Patent no. 6870312 |url=http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6870312.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505041007/http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6870312.html |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=PatentGenius}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dense array of field emitters using vertical ballasting structures |url=https://www.google.co.ug/patents/WO2009039338A1?cl=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Organic field emission device, US 20030080672 A1 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20030080672 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] r282l563zcr2uhwm7hyksrl780yaudh 888945 888944 2026-07-29T13:15:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 888945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande | image = | image_size = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Offa]], [[Kwara State]], Nigeria | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | citizenship = [[Americans|American]] | field = [[Electrical engineering]] | work_institution = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] | alma_mater ={{ubl| [[Obafemi Awolowo University]] <small>([[B.Sc.]],[[M.Sc.]])</small> | [[Stanford University]] <small>([[Ph.D.]])</small> }} | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | prizes = }} '''Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande'''<ref name="high">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2004 |title=A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides. |url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Highbeam |publisher=Africa News Service}}</ref> farfesa ne na [[Injinia.|injiniya]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Kathy Dobson |title=Six Marshall, Rhodes Scholars at MIT |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V124/N57/57_rhodes.57n.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003324/http://tech.mit.edu/V124/N57/57_rhodes.57n.html |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |accessdate=May 4, 2015 |publisher=The Tech}}</ref> a Sashen Injiniyan Lantarki da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akinwande's bio at MIT |url=https://www-mtl.mit.edu/~akinwand/ |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> An nada shi a matsayin shugaban Hukumar Kula da [[Lantarki]] ta [[Najeriya]], NERC, kuma ya ce zai girmama nadin da ya samu da zarar ya sami izini daga ma'aikatansa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-27 |title=I didn't reject NERC job — Prof Akinwande |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/didnt-reject-nerc-job-prof-akinwande/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Akintunde a [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Offa]] a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OPINION - Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande: A Noble Nigerian with Dignified Strides. By Nsikan Ikpe |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=10593 |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> Ya halarci [[Kwalejin Gwamnati, Ibadan]] . Ya sami B.Sc. (Ingilishi, 1978) (1981) a cikin injiniyan lantarki da lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] a Ile-Ife da Ph.D. (1986) a cikin injiniyoyin lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Stanford]], California.<ref name="high">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2004 |title=A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides. |url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Highbeam |publisher=Africa News Service}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides "A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides"]. ''Highbeam''. Africa News Service. October 28, 2004. Archived from [http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides the original] on May 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Akinwande ya fara aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Honeywell Inc. da ke Bloomington, [[Minnesota]] a shekarar 1986. Da farko, ya mayar da hankali kan bincike a fannin fasahar Gas Complementary FET domin samar da sarrafa sigina mai matuƙar sauri tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exlink Lodge - Nigeria Entertainment, Politics & Celebrity News |url=http://exlink1.rssing.com/chan-57910524/all_p149.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=exlink1.rssing.com}}</ref> Ya zama Mataimakin farfesa a Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Lantarki da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta da Laboratories na Fasaha (MTL) a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a watan Janairun 1995, yana bincike kan na'urori masu auna sigina, masu hanzari, fitar da filayen fim da na'urorin nunawa, micro-fabrication da na'urar lantarki tare da mai mahimmanci akan na'uroni masu amfani da na'ura masu aiki, manyan kayan lantarki na yanki (macro-electronics) da na'ar ionization na filin, mass spectrometry da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 July 2016 |title=Buhari nominates MIT Prof Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande as new NERC Chair – Tekedia |url=https://www.tekedia.com/buhari-nominates-mit-prof-akintunde-ibitayo-akinwande-as-new-nerc-chair/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya haɓaka filayen filayen filaye masu laushi don RF Micro-Triode Power Amplifiers da Flat Panel Displays, yana nuna yiwuwar amfani da filayen filayin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=27 April 2011 |title=Nigeria Techstars Series – Prof Akintunde Ibitayo (Tayo) Akinwande of MIT – Tekedia |url=https://www.tekedia.com/nigeria-techstars-series-prof-akintunde-ibitayo-tayo-akinwande-of-mit/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Binciken nasa kuma yana mai da hankali kan: * Microstructures da nanostructures don na'urori masu auna sigina da masu aiki, da kuma microelectronics. * Na'urori don manyan kayan lantarki da nuni mai laushinuni na kwandon kwandon * [[Tranzista|transistors]] na ƙarfe na ƙarfe don kayan lantarki masu girma * Tsarin gine-ginen budewa na CNT don ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutaMass spectrometry * Nazarin girma na SWNTs a cikin jirgin sama da na waje don na'urorin lantarki * CNT FEA na zamani a kan Si Pillars * Batch-fabricated linear quadrupole mass filters<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research interest |url=https://www-mtl.mit.edu/~akinwand/research.html |access-date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=MIT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New gas sensor is tiny, quick (1/12/2008) |url=http://www.chemistrytimes.com/research/New_gas_sensor_is_tiny_quick.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003605/http://www.chemistrytimes.com/research/New_gas_sensor_is_tiny_quick.asp |archive-date=2015-05-05 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Chemistry Times}}</ref><ref name="patent">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US |url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components}}</ref> Ya kafa Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Sama ta Najeriya a shekara ta 2004. Ya yi aiki a kwamitocin shirye-shiryen fasaha don tarurruka daban-daban kamar: * Taron Binciken Na'ura, * Taron Na'urorin Electron na Duniya, * Taron Ƙasashen Ƙasashen Duniya, * Taron Binciken Bayyanawa na Duniya * Taron Microelectronics na Duniya. == Matsayi na ilimi da membobin == * Farfesa mai ziyara a Sashen Injiniya na Jami'ar Cambridge <ref name="Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande">{{Cite web |title=Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande |url=https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=mtlsites.mit.edu}}</ref> * Abokin hulɗa na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Churchill daga 2002 zuwa 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-26 |title=Read Profile Of MIT Professor, Akinwande Who Rejected Buhari's Job |url=http://www.completenewsng.com/read-profile-of-mit-professor-akinwande-who-rejected-buharis-job/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Complete News |language=en-US}}</ref> * memba na Majalisar Nanotechnology ta IEEE . == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Sweatt Kyautar Fasaha ta Honeywell (1989) * Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa (NSF) Kyautar Ayyuka. (1996)<ref name="Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande">{{Cite web |title=Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande |url=https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=mtlsites.mit.edu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ "Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande"]. ''mtlsites.mit.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-30</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Abokan aji na 2008 IEEE <ref>{{Cite web |title=Microanalyzer |url=https://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/micro-analyzer-0110.html |website=MIT}}</ref> == Littattafai == Ya wallafa mujallu da wallafe-wallafe sama da 100. == Takaddun shaida == * Takaddun shaida da yawa a cikin MEMS, Electronics a kan Flexible Substrates, Nuni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Batch fabricated rectangular rod, planar MEMS quadrupole with ion optics US 7935924 B2 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7935924 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Amfani guda ɗaya, microvalve mai rufewa na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Single-use, permanently-sealable microvalve US 20130133757 A1 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130133757 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Diaphragm mataki filin emitter da kuma backfilling hanya don samar da microstructure. * Kowane mutum ya sauya jerin fitarwa na filin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Individually switched field emission arrays WO 2014124041 A2 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014124041A2/un |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Na'urar fitar da filayen kwayoyin halitta. <ref name="patent">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US |url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ "Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US"]. ''Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components''. May 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Patent no. 6870312 |url=http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6870312.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505041007/http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6870312.html |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=PatentGenius}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dense array of field emitters using vertical ballasting structures |url=https://www.google.co.ug/patents/WO2009039338A1?cl=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Organic field emission device, US 20030080672 A1 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20030080672 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4asbwh2dy8nyjasxbfxjq7yxq0ajhe4 888946 888945 2026-07-29T13:16:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 888946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande | image = | image_size = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Offa]], [[Kwara State]], Nigeria | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | citizenship = [[Americans|American]] | field = [[Electrical engineering]] | work_institution = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] | alma_mater ={{ubl| [[Obafemi Awolowo University]] <small>([[B.Sc.]],[[M.Sc.]])</small> | [[Stanford University]] <small>([[Ph.D.]])</small> }} | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | prizes = }} '''Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande'''<ref name="high">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2004 |title=A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides. |url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Highbeam |publisher=Africa News Service}}</ref> farfesa ne na [[Injinia.|injiniya]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Kathy Dobson |title=Six Marshall, Rhodes Scholars at MIT |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V124/N57/57_rhodes.57n.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003324/http://tech.mit.edu/V124/N57/57_rhodes.57n.html |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |accessdate=May 4, 2015 |publisher=The Tech}}</ref> a Sashen Injiniyan Lantarki da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akinwande's bio at MIT |url=https://www-mtl.mit.edu/~akinwand/ |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> An nada shi a matsayin shugaban Hukumar Kula da [[Lantarki]] ta [[Najeriya]], NERC, kuma ya ce zai girmama nadin da ya samu da zarar ya sami izini daga ma'aikatansa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-27 |title=I didn't reject NERC job — Prof Akinwande |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/didnt-reject-nerc-job-prof-akinwande/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Akintunde a [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Offa]] a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=OPINION - Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande: A Noble Nigerian with Dignified Strides. By Nsikan Ikpe |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=10593 |access-date=2021-09-15 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> Ya halarci [[Kwalejin Gwamnati, Ibadan]] . Ya sami B.Sc. (Ingilishi, 1978) (1981) a cikin injiniyan lantarki da lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] a Ile-Ife da Ph.D. (1986) a cikin injiniyoyin lantarki daga [[Jami'ar Stanford]], California.<ref name="high">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2004 |title=A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides. |url=http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Highbeam |publisher=Africa News Service}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003232/http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides "A Noble Nigerian With Dignified Strides"]. ''Highbeam''. Africa News Service. October 28, 2004. Archived from [http://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-123718632/noble-nigerian-dignified-strides the original] on May 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Akinwande ya fara aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Honeywell Inc. da ke Bloomington, [[Minnesota]] a shekarar 1986. Da farko, ya mayar da hankali kan bincike a fannin fasahar Gas Complementary FET domin samar da sarrafa sigina mai matuƙar sauri tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exlink Lodge - Nigeria Entertainment, Politics & Celebrity News |url=http://exlink1.rssing.com/chan-57910524/all_p149.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=exlink1.rssing.com}}</ref> Ya zama Mataimakin farfesa a Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Lantarki da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta da Laboratories na Fasaha (MTL) a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a watan Janairun 1995, yana bincike kan na'urori masu auna sigina, masu hanzari, fitar da filayen fim da na'urorin nunawa, micro-fabrication da na'urar lantarki tare da mai mahimmanci akan na'uroni masu amfani da na'ura masu aiki, manyan kayan lantarki na yanki (macro-electronics) da na'ar ionization na filin, mass spectrometry da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 July 2016 |title=Buhari nominates MIT Prof Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande as new NERC Chair – Tekedia |url=https://www.tekedia.com/buhari-nominates-mit-prof-akintunde-ibitayo-akinwande-as-new-nerc-chair/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya haɓaka filayen filayen filaye masu laushi don RF Micro-Triode Power Amplifiers da Flat Panel Displays, yana nuna yiwuwar amfani da filayen filayin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=27 April 2011 |title=Nigeria Techstars Series – Prof Akintunde Ibitayo (Tayo) Akinwande of MIT – Tekedia |url=https://www.tekedia.com/nigeria-techstars-series-prof-akintunde-ibitayo-tayo-akinwande-of-mit/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Binciken nasa kuma yana mai da hankali kan: * Microstructures da nanostructures don na'urori masu auna sigina da masu aiki, da kuma microelectronics. * Na'urori don manyan kayan lantarki da nuni mai laushinuni na kwandon kwandon * [[Tranzista|transistors]] na ƙarfe na ƙarfe don kayan lantarki masu girma * Tsarin gine-ginen budewa na CNT don ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cutaMass spectrometry * Nazarin girma na SWNTs a cikin jirgin sama da na waje don na'urorin lantarki * CNT FEA na zamani a kan Si Pillars * Batch-fabricated linear quadrupole mass filters<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research interest |url=https://www-mtl.mit.edu/~akinwand/research.html |access-date=May 4, 2015 |publisher=MIT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New gas sensor is tiny, quick (1/12/2008) |url=http://www.chemistrytimes.com/research/New_gas_sensor_is_tiny_quick.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003605/http://www.chemistrytimes.com/research/New_gas_sensor_is_tiny_quick.asp |archive-date=2015-05-05 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Chemistry Times}}</ref><ref name="patent">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US |url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components}}</ref> Ya kafa Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Sama ta Najeriya a shekara ta 2004. Ya yi aiki a kwamitocin shirye-shiryen fasaha don tarurruka daban-daban kamar: * Taron Binciken Na'ura, * Taron Na'urorin Electron na Duniya, * Taron Ƙasashen Ƙasashen Duniya, * Taron Binciken Bayyanawa na Duniya * Taron Microelectronics na Duniya. == Matsayi na ilimi da membobin == * Farfesa mai ziyara a Sashen Injiniya na Jami'ar Cambridge <ref name="Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande">{{Cite web |title=Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande |url=https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=mtlsites.mit.edu}}</ref> * Abokin hulɗa na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Churchill daga 2002 zuwa 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-26 |title=Read Profile Of MIT Professor, Akinwande Who Rejected Buhari's Job |url=http://www.completenewsng.com/read-profile-of-mit-professor-akinwande-who-rejected-buharis-job/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Complete News |language=en-US}}</ref> * memba na Majalisar Nanotechnology ta IEEE . == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Sweatt Kyautar Fasaha ta Honeywell (1989) * Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa (NSF) Kyautar Ayyuka. (1996)<ref name="Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande">{{Cite web |title=Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande |url=https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=mtlsites.mit.edu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mtlsites.mit.edu/users/akinwand/ "Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande"]. ''mtlsites.mit.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-30</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Abokan aji na 2008 IEEE <ref>{{Cite web |title=Microanalyzer |url=https://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/micro-analyzer-0110.html |website=MIT}}</ref> == Littattafai == Ya wallafa mujallu da wallafe-wallafe sama da 100. == Takaddun shaida == * Takaddun shaida da yawa a cikin MEMS, Electronics a kan Flexible Substrates, Nuni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Batch fabricated rectangular rod, planar MEMS quadrupole with ion optics US 7935924 B2 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7935924 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Amfani guda ɗaya, microvalve mai rufewa na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Single-use, permanently-sealable microvalve US 20130133757 A1 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130133757 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Diaphragm mataki filin emitter da kuma backfilling hanya don samar da microstructure. * Kowane mutum ya sauya jerin fitarwa na filin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Individually switched field emission arrays WO 2014124041 A2 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2014124041A2/un |website=Google Patents}}</ref> * Na'urar fitar da filayen kwayoyin halitta.<ref name="patent">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US |url=http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/inventor/akinwande-ma-3/ "Precise hand-assembly of microfabricated components, Akintunde I. Akinwande, Newton, MA US"]. ''Patentdocs: Precise hand Assembly of microfabricated components''. May 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Patent no. 6870312 |url=http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6870312.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505041007/http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6870312.html |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=PatentGenius}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dense array of field emitters using vertical ballasting structures |url=https://www.google.co.ug/patents/WO2009039338A1?cl=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Organic field emission device, US 20030080672 A1 |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20030080672 |access-date=May 4, 2015 |website=Google Patents}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 601ptrvf3xj3isp9u7pw97mk961p63c 0 152853 889332 841761 2026-07-30T11:15:13Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 889332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babban Kogin Ruaha''' [[kogi]] ne da ke kudu maso tsakiyar [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] wanda ke ratsawa ta cikin dausayin Usangu da kuma wurin shakatawa na Ruaha zuwa gabashin Kogin Rufiji. Yana ratsawa kuma yana nuna iyakokin da ke tsakanin Yankin Iringa, Yankin Dodoma da Yankin Morogoro. Babban Kogin Ruaha yana da yankin da ke kama ruwa mai faɗin {{Convert|83970|sqkm|sqmi|0}}. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arvidson, Anders |display-authors=etal |date=May 2009 |title=Initial Assessment of Socioeconomic and Environmental Risks and Opportunities of Large‐scale Biofuels Production in the Rufiji District |url=http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910175844/http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2012-09-10 |publisher=SEKAB BioEnergy (T) Ltd |page=23}}</ref> Yawan jama'ar yankin kwarin galibi yana ci gaba ne ta hanyar ban ruwa da abubuwan da suka shafi ruwa kamar kamun kifi da kiwon dabbobi. == Girman == Babban Ruaha yana da nisan {{Convert|475|km|mi}} tsayi, yankin ruwan koginsa yana da faɗin {{Convert|68000|km2|sqmi}} kuma matsakaicin fitarwa na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|140|m3|cuft}} a kowace daƙiƙa. Babban Kogin Ruaha yana samar da kashi 22 cikin ɗari na jimillar kwararar tsarin magudanar ruwa na Rufiji. An gano nau'ikan kifaye talatin da takwas a cikin Babban Kogin Ruaha. Kogin yana cikin yankin Kipengere da ke yammacin yankin Njombe. Daga nan ne babban kogin Ruaha ya gangara zuwa filayen Usangu, wani muhimmin yanki na noma da kiwon dabbobi a Tanzania. Daga ƙarshe kogin ya isa madatsar ruwa ta Mtera sannan ya kwarara zuwa kudu zuwa madatsar ruwa ta Kidatu. Waɗannan biyun suna samar da kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na wutar lantarki ta Tanzaniya. Kogin yana ci gaba zuwa kudu kuma yana ratsawa ta Selous Namun daji kafin ya isa Kogin Rufiji. Manyan kogunan da ke ba da gudummawa ga Babban Kogin Ruaha sune Lukosi, Yovi, Kitete, Sanje, Little Ruaha, Kisigo, Mbarali, Kimani, da Chimala yayin da ƙananan kogunan suka haɗa da Umrobo, Mkoji, Lunwa, Mlomboji, Ipatagwa, Mambi, da Mswiswi. == Matsalolin da suka shafi wurin == An samu raguwar kwararar ruwa a Babban kogin Ruaha tun farkon shekarun 1990, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Country Environmental Assessment: Managing Natural Resources More Effectively Can Get the Country’s Rivers Flowing Again |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/publication/tanzania-country-environmental-assessment-managing-natural-resources-more-effectively-can-get-the-countrys-rivers-flowing-again |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> wanda ya haifar da bushewar sassan kogin gaba ɗaya a shekarar 1993 da kuma a cikin shekarun bushewa tun daga lokacin ''(misali a sama''). An danganta wannan da rashin kulawa da kyau da kuma rashin kula da ruwa, tare da manyan tsare-tsaren ban ruwa na shinkafa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Zuwa shekarar 2019, Babban Ruaha bai sami kwararar ruwa ba tsawon watanni da dama a kowace shekara. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Country Environmental Assessment: Managing Natural Resources More Effectively Can Get the Country’s Rivers Flowing Again |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/publication/tanzania-country-environmental-assessment-managing-natural-resources-more-effectively-can-get-the-countrys-rivers-flowing-again |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=World Bank |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/publication/tanzania-country-environmental-assessment-managing-natural-resources-more-effectively-can-get-the-countrys-rivers-flowing-again "Tanzania Country Environmental Assessment: Managing Natural Resources More Effectively Can Get the Country's Rivers Flowing Again"]. ''World Bank''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wani rahoto da Bankin Duniya ya buga ya lissafa Babban Ruaha a matsayin tallafin kuɗi da ke cikin mawuyacin hali saboda abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli. <ref name=":0" /> [[Fayil:Ruaha_National_Park_Panorama.jpg|center|thumb|800x800px|Panorama na Ruaha National Park, tare da kallon Babban Kogin Ruaha a ranar 27 ga watan Yuli, 2003.]] == Manazarta == 5o9nxlvntdjd35n0n8jjms6cbdtvnri 0 153199 889329 842735 2026-07-30T10:17:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | clubname = Pepperest Sports Management and Academy | fullname = Pepperest Sports Management and Academy | nickname = PSMA | founded = 2024 | ground = Sabbath Football Pitch | capacity = | chairman = Dafe Louis Ayiyan-Ohwofachor | manager = | league = N-Youth League Cup | website = {{URL|https://pepperestsocceracademy.org}} | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = | body1 = | rightarm1 = | shorts1 = | socks1 = }} '''Pepperest Sports Management and Academy''' (wanda ake kira '''PSMA''') wata makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Abia tare da wasu ofisoshi a Delta State da kuma ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. An kafa makarantar ne domin gano da bunƙasa matasan ‘yan wasa masu shekaru tsakanin 13 zuwa 18 tare da samar musu hanyoyin shiga manyan lig-lig na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.org/about-us/ |title=About Us – Pepperest Sports Management and Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.com/ |title=Academy – Pepperest Sports Management & Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29 |archive-date=2025-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228094315/http://www.pepperestsocceracademy.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Makarantar ta bayyana cewa manufarta ita ce haɓaka matasan ‘yan ƙwallon ƙafa musamman daga yankin Delta State da sauran sassan Najeriya ta hanyar horaswa, tarbiyya da kuma nuna su ga kungiyoyin ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma tana aiki wajen haɗa kai da cibiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai domin samar wa ‘yan wasa damar taka leda a matakin ƙwararru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.org/ |title=Pepperest Sports Management and Academy – Welcome to Pepperest Sports Management and Academy [PSMA] |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> A cewar bayanan kungiyar, shugaban makarantar shi ne '''Dafe Louis Ayiyan-Ohwofachor''', wanda yake jagorantar harkokin gudanarwa da ci gaban makarantar. Makarantar ta kuma nada tsohon ɗan wasan Najeriya '''Emenike Ezeugo''' a matsayin daraktan fasaha. Ezeugo ya taɓa bugawa kungiyoyi irin su Sharks FC, Lobi Stars, Kwara United, Warri Wolves da Bayelsa United sannan ya wakilci Najeriya a matakan ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 da 20 da kuma tawagar CHAN Eagles ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.org/about-us/ |title=About Us – Pepperest Sports Management and Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> Mista '''Victor Odairi''' ne ke riƙe da mukamin daraktan wasanni na makarantar. Shi tsohon mai tsaron gida ne wanda ya taka leda a gasar Najeriya a shekarun 1990, sannan daga baya ya shiga harkokin gudanar da wasanni da ayyukan cigaban matasa ta hanyar kungiyoyi da gidauniyoyi daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.org/about-us/ |title=About Us – Pepperest Sports Management and Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> Pepperest Sports Management and Academy tana daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka shiga gasar '''N-Youth League Cup''' a Najeriya. Bayanan gasar sun nuna cewa kungiyar tana amfani da filin wasa na Sabbath Football Pitch da ke Ubakala a karamar hukumar Umuahia South ta jihar Abia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nylc.ng/club/psma-pepperest-sports-management-and-academy/overview |title=PSMA - Pepperest Sports Management and Academy Overview |website=N-Youth League Cup |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> Makarantar tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen horaswa da gano hazikan ‘yan wasa daga sassa daban-daban na Najeriya, tare da mai da hankali kan ci gaban fasaha, dabarun wasa da kuma horo na ɗabi’a domin shirya matasa zuwa matakin ƙwararrun ‘yan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pepperestsocceracademy.com/ |title=Academy – Pepperest Sports Management & Academy |website=Pepperest Soccer Academy |access-date=2026-05-29 |archive-date=2025-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228094315/http://www.pepperestsocceracademy.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://pepperestsocceracademy.org Official website] * [https://www.nylc.ng/club/psma-pepperest-sports-management-and-academy/overview Profile on N-Youth League Cup] [[Category:Football academies in Nigeria]] [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sports organizations established in 2024]] [[Category:2024 establishments in Nigeria]] n1yfe9kf43laz3dh1yffisko2nvdix6 0 153386 889207 883952 2026-07-30T00:56:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football organization | name = Ogun State Football Association | abbreviation = Ogun FA | founded = | headquarters = Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria | region = Ogun State | parent_organization = Nigeria Football Federation (NFF) | chairman = Ganiyu Majekodunmi | website = }} '''Ogun State Football Association''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Ogun FA''') ita ce hukumar da ke kula da harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Ogun da ke kudancin Najeriya. Hukumar tana da alhakin tsara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa, bunƙasa matasan 'yan wasa, gudanar da harkokin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na jihar, da kuma wakiltar jihar Ogun a ƙarƙashin tsarin '''Nigeria Football Federation (NFF)'''. Hukumar tana aiki tare da ƙananan hukumomi, makarantu da ƙungiyoyin wasanni domin haɓaka wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar. <ref>{{Cite news|title=OGUN FA TASKS NEWLY INAUGURATED FOOTBALL COUNCILS|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2019/01/16/ogun-fa-tasks-newly-inaugurated-football-councils/|publisher=Sports Village Square|date=16 January 2019|access-date=30 May 2026|archive-date=10 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210005318/https://sportsvillagesquare.com/2019/01/16/ogun-fa-tasks-newly-inaugurated-football-councils/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihi == An gudanar da muhimman zaɓuɓɓuka da sauye-sauye a cikin shugabancin Ogun State Football Association a shekarar 2011 lokacin da aka zaɓi Ganiyu Majekodunmi a matsayin shugaban hukumar. Zaɓen ya gudana a cibiyar wasanni ta Alake Sports Centre da ke Abeokuta, inda ya kayar da wasu masu neman kujerar shugaban ƙungiyar. Wannan ya zama wani sabon babi a tarihin gudanar da ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Ogun. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ogun Football Association inaugurates new leadership|url=https://nigeriang.com/sports/ogun-football-association-inaugurates-new-leadership/7172/|publisher=Nigeria Content Online|date=26 January 2011}}</ref> Tun bayan hawansa mulki, Majekodunmi ya ci gaba da jagorantar hukumar tare da gudanar da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban na shugabanci. A shekarar 2019, hukumar ta shirya sabon zaɓen shugabanni domin ci gaba da tafiyar da harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar bisa umarnin NFF. <ref>{{Cite news|title=OGUN STATE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION TO ELECT NEW EXECUTIVES ON FEBRUARY 6, 2019|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2019/01/16/ogun-state-football-association-to-elect-new-executives-on-february-6-2019/|publisher=Sports Village Square|date=16 January 2019|access-date=30 May 2026|archive-date=16 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216085920/https://sportsvillagesquare.com/2019/01/16/ogun-state-football-association-to-elect-new-executives-on-february-6-2019/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Yunin shekarar 2023, an sake zaɓen Ganiyu Majekodunmi a matsayin shugaban Ogun FA karo na huɗu a jere bayan ya samu cikakken goyon bayan wakilan zaɓe da mambobin hukumar. An gudanar da zaɓen ne a Agroterra Golf Resort da ke Yewa North a jihar Ogun. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Just-In: Ganiyu Majekodunmi Returns As Ogun FA Chairman|url=https://www.sports247.ng/just-in-ganiyu-majekodunmi-returns-as-ogun-fa-chairman/|publisher=Sports247 Nigeria|date=1 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Majekodunmi returns as Ogun FA chairman|url=https://blueprint.ng/majekodunmi-returns-as-ogun-fa-chairman/|publisher=Blueprint Newspapers|date=2 June 2023}}</ref> == Ayyuka da manufofi == Ogun FA na da alhakin kula da gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a faɗin jihar Ogun tare da haɗa kai da ƙananan hukumomi wajen bunƙasa harkokin wasan. Hukumar tana kafa da kula da majalisun ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙananan hukumomi domin tabbatar da cewa an samu ci gaba daga matakin tushe zuwa matakin ƙwararru. <ref>{{Cite news|title=OGUN FA TASKS NEWLY INAUGURATED FOOTBALL COUNCILS|url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2019/01/16/ogun-fa-tasks-newly-inaugurated-football-councils/|publisher=Sports Village Square|date=16 January 2019|access-date=30 May 2026|archive-date=10 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210005318/https://sportsvillagesquare.com/2019/01/16/ogun-fa-tasks-newly-inaugurated-football-councils/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, hukumar ta ƙaddamar da kwamitin matasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai mambobi 17 domin ƙarfafa ci gaban matasan 'yan wasa da kuma tsara kalandar wasannin matasa a faɗin jihar. Wannan mataki ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa daga tushe. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ogun State FA Inaugurates Youth Football Committee|url=https://www.oguncitynews.com.ng/2024/07/ogun-state-fa-inaugurates-youth.html|publisher=Ogun City News|date=20 July 2024}}</ref> == Gudummawa ga ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa == Hukumar ta taka rawa wajen tallafa wa ƙungiyoyi da makarantu masu haɓaka matasa a jihar. A shekarar 2024, shugaban hukumar ya yaba wa ƙungiyar Beyond Limits Football Academy bayan samun nasarar hawa gasar Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL), yana mai bayyana cewa wannan nasara alama ce ta ci gaban wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Ogun. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ogun FA Chairman Congratulates Beyond Limits FA on NPFL Promotion|url=https://www.oguncitynews.com.ng/2024/06/ogun-fa-chairman-congratulates-beyond.html|publisher=Ogun City News|date=12 June 2024}}</ref> == Tsofaffin jami'ai == Daya daga cikin fitattun tsofaffin jami'an hukumar shi ne Leo Oyenekan, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren Ogun State Football Association na tsawon shekaru sama da goma sha biyar kafin rasuwarsa a shekarar 2016. An bayyana shi a matsayin ma'aikaci mai ƙwazo kuma jajirtacce wajen hidimar ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Former Ogun State Football Association Secretary Dies at 57|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/former-ogun-state-football-association-secretary-dies-at-57/|publisher=BellaNaija|date=14 June 2016}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Ogun State]] * [[Football in Nigeria]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Ƙwallon Ƙafa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Sports organizations in Nigeria]] [[Category: Jihar Ogun]] [[Category:Football governing bodies in Nigeria]] bks6vb4bfu33aph4rpacl9gj9vybu1s 0 153407 889192 843275 2026-07-29T22:31:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nthati Moorosi''' ƙwararren masani ne na sadarwa na Mosotho kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Bayanai, Sadarwa, Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation (MICSTI) na [[Lesotho]] tun daga 4 ga Nuwamba 2022. Moorosi memba ne na Majalisar Lesotho wanda aka zaba daga Mazabar Thetsane 34 a Maseru a kan tikitin jam'iyyar Revolution for Prosperity (RFP). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Info |first=Lesotho |date=2025-02-05 |title=Minister Nthati Moorosi Highlights the Importance of Innovation and Research at SRIM II Symposium |url=https://lesotho.co.ls/2025/02/minister-nthati-moorosi-highlights-the-importance-of-innovation-and-research-at-srim-ii-symposium/ |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=Lesotho NewsDesk |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Moorosi tana da digiri na gaba a cikin Al'adu da Nazarin Media da Nazarin Jima'i. Tana da kwarewar sama da shekaru 15 a bangaren sadarwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=IGF 2025 High-Level Track {{!}} Internet Governance Forum (IGF) |url=https://intgovforum.org/en/speaker2025/22894#:~:text=Nthati%20Moorosi,Media%20Studies%20and%20Gender%20Studies |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=intgovforum.org }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da dama da suka haɗa da UNDP, Jami'ar ƙasa ta Lesotho, World Vision, da Asusun ƙalubalen Millennium a manyan mukamai na sadarwa. Ita ce ta kafa kamfanin sadarwa mai zaman kansa BANLIN Communications.[1] Moorosi mamba ne wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar RFP kuma yana aiki a matsayin babban sakataren jam'iyyar. Ita ce 'yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Thetsane 34 a Maseru. An nada ta Ministan Labarai, Sadarwa, Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation (MICSTI) na Lesotho a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2022.[2][3][4] == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0dlx1xuzn3x64wn2ov11zk3nrdahw04 0 153436 889204 843344 2026-07-29T23:45:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Obioma Grace Nnaemeka | image = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|10|28}} | birth_place = Agulu, Jihar Anambra, Najeriya | nationality = Nijeriya-Amurka | occupation = Farfesa, mai bincike, marubuciya | known_for = Nego-feminism, Nazarin jinsi (Gender Studies), Nazarin Afirka da Diaspora | workplaces = Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) | alma_mater = Jami'ar Najeriya Nsukka; Jami'ar Minnesota }} '''Obioma Grace Nnaemeka''' (an haife ta 28 Oktoba 1948) fitacciyar masaniyar ilimi ce daga Najeriya wadda ta yi fice a fannin '''Gender Studies''', '''Afirka da Diaspora Studies''' da kuma '''French Literature'''. A yanzu tana aiki a matsayin farfesa a Indiana University Indianapolis a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obioma_Nnaemeka |title=Obioma Nnaemeka |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Obioma Nnaemeka a garin Agulu da ke Jihar Anambra, Najeriya. Ta yi karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka inda ta karanci African Studies, Faransanci da Jamusanci. Daga baya ta yi digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin French da Francophone Studies a Jami'ar Minnesota a shekarar 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://liberalarts.indianapolis.iu.edu/news-center/school-news/honorary-doctorate-of-social-science.html |title=Dr. Obioma Nnaemeka biography and achievements |publisher=Indiana University Indianapolis |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Nnaemeka ta yi koyarwa a Jami'ar Najeriya Nsukka kafin ta koma Amurka, inda ta zama farfesa a Indiana University Indianapolis. Ta kuma rike mukamin '''Director of Women’s Studies Program''' a jami'ar. Ta kasance mai karfafa bincike kan: * Nazarin mata da jinsi * Adabin Afirka * Hakkokin ɗan Adam * Al’adu da zamantakewar Afirka da Diaspora<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.casafrica.es/es/persona/obioma-nnaemeka |title=Obioma Nnaemeka profile |publisher=Casa África |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Ra’ayin “Nego-feminism” == Daya daga cikin manyan gudummawar da ta bayar shi ne kirkirar ra’ayin '''Nego-feminism''', wato “feminism na tattaunawa da sulhu”. Wannan ra’ayi yana bayyana yadda mata a Afirka ke amfani da tattaunawa da daidaito wajen magance matsalolin zamantakewa maimakon rikici kai tsaye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obioma_Nnaemeka |title=Obioma Nnaemeka – Nego-feminism concept |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> A cikin rubuce-rubucenta, ta yi nazari kan yadda al’adun Afirka ke da tasiri a kan fahimtar jinsi da ikon mata. == Gudummawa da jagoranci == Obioma Nnaemeka ta kafa kuma ita ce shugabar: * Association of African Women Scholars (AAWS) * Jessie Obidiegwu Education Fund Haka kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kungiyoyi kamar: * Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) * Bankin Duniya (World Bank)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indianapolis.iu.edu/academics/faculty/obioma-nnaemeka.html |title=Faculty profile – Obioma Nnaemeka |publisher=Indiana University |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == Ta samu lambobin yabo da dama saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin ilimi da bincike, ciki har da: * Distinguished Leadership Award for Internationals (University of Minnesota) * Honorary Doctorates daga jami’o’i daban-daban * Karramawa daga cibiyoyin ilimi na duniya<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://global.umn.edu/awards/dlai/obioma-nnaemeka |title=Distinguished Leadership Award – Obioma Nnaemeka |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Muhimmanci a ilimin Afirka == Ayyukanta sun taimaka wajen: * Fahimtar rawar mata a al’ummar Afirka * Haɓaka nazarin Gender Studies a Afirka da duniya * Gina gada tsakanin ilimin Afirka da na yammacin duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:Nigerian academics]] [[Category:Nigerian feminists]] [[Category:Women scholars]] [[Category:University of Nigeria alumni]] [[Category:University of Minnesota alumni]] [[Category:Indiana University faculty]] ```0 owccbrktc5e17rokjbsdhyp5qc8sebm 0 153438 889208 843350 2026-07-30T00:59:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ogwu James Onoja | honorific_suffix = SAN, FCArb | image = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|2|19}} | birth_place = Idah, Kogi State, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya, Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), Notary Public | known_for = Aikin shari’a, rubuce-rubucen dokoki da aikin shawarwarin shari’a }} '''Ogwu James Onoja''' (an haife shi 19 Fabrairu 1968) fitaccen lauya ne daga Najeriya, wanda aka yi masa laƙabi da Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN). Shi ƙwararren masani ne a fannin shari’a, kuma ya yi fice wajen rubuce-rubuce kan ka’idojin kotuna, tsarin shari’a, da kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya.<ref name="guardian2025">{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/san-seeks-better-living-conditions-for-judges-to-enhance-justice-delivery/ |title=SAN seeks better living conditions for judges |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=20 February 2025 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ogwu James Onoja a Idah, Jihar Kogi. Ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Najeriya, sannan ya wuce Jami’ar Jos inda ya samu digirin LLB (Hons) a fannin shari’a daga 1987 zuwa 1990. Bayan haka, ya halarci Nigerian Law School a Legas inda ya samu horon zama lauya (BL) kuma aka kira shi zuwa Bar a shekarar 1991.<ref name="wikipedia">{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogwu_James_Onoja |title=Ogwu James Onoja |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> Daga baya ya ƙara ilimi a fannonin gudanarwa da kasuwanci, ciki har da PGDM da MBA daga University of Calabar, da kuma digirin LLM daga University of Lagos.<ref name="ojfirm">{{Cite web |url=https://ojonoja.com.ng/the-principal/ |title=Dr. Ogwu James Onoja, SAN |publisher=O.J. Onoja & Associates |access-date=2026-05-30 |archive-date=2026-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260311213129/https://ojonoja.com.ng/the-principal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Ogwu James Onoja ya fara aikinsa a fannin shari’a a farkon shekarun 1990, inda ya yi aiki a kamfanonin lauyoyi daban-daban kafin ya kafa nasa ofishin lauya, O.J. Onoja & Associates, a shekara ta 2000. A matsayinsa na SAN, ya wakilci mutane da kamfanoni a kotunan Najeriya daban-daban, ciki har da Kotun Koli da Kotun Ƙoli ta Ƙasa.<ref name="wikipedia" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Ya wallafa littattafai da dama kan dokoki da tsarin kotu a Najeriya, ciki har da: * ''The Supreme Court Rules: Practice and Procedure'' (2010) * ''The Court of Appeal Rules: Practice and Procedure'' (2010) * ''Federal High Court Rules: Practice and Procedure'' (2012) * ''Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules'' (2021)<ref name="ojfirm" /> Wadannan littattafai suna taimakawa wajen fahimtar yadda kotunan Najeriya ke aiki da yadda ake tafiyar da shari’o’i. == Gudummawa ga shari’a da zamantakewa == Ogwu Onoja ya yi ta bayyana ra’ayoyi kan inganta tsarin shari’a a Najeriya. A wani lokaci ya bayar da shawarar a kafa kotunan koli na yankuna domin rage cunkoso a Kotun Koli ta ƙasa da kuma saurin yanke shari’a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/25/senior-lawyer-ogwu-onoja-advocates-regional-supreme-courts-for-speedy-justice-delivery/ |title=Senior Lawyer Ogwu Onoja advocates regional Supreme Courts |publisher=Daily Post Nigeria |date=25 May 2022 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> Haka kuma ya yi kira da a inganta rayuwar alkalai a Najeriya domin su iya gudanar da aikinsu cikin inganci da adalci.<ref name="guardian2025" /> == Rayuwar sirri == Shi mutum ne mai sha’awar karatu, wasanni kamar tennis da golf, da kuma ayyukan ci gaban al’umma. Haka kuma yana taka rawa wajen ayyukan al’umma a jiharsa ta Kogi.<ref name="wikipedia" /> == Mukamai == * Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) * Notary Public na Kotun Ƙoli ta Najeriya * Lauyan kamfani kuma mai ba da shawarar shari’a * Memba na ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na shari’a da arbitration<ref name="ojfirm" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:People from Kogi State]] ```0 hpnbm68s0n8rrxorgiw8wy5bkikqoxp 0 153440 889138 843352 2026-07-29T19:30:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Nigeria Pitch Awards | image = | caption = Tambarin lambar yabo ta Nigeria Pitch Awards | awarded_for = Karrama fitattun mutane da cibiyoyi da suka bayar da gudunmawa ga ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya | sponsor = Lenders Consult International (tsohon Matchmakers Consult International) | country = Najeriya | first_award = 2013 | website = nigeriapitchawards.com }} '''Nigeria Pitch Awards''' lambar yabo ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya wadda ake bayarwa domin girmama 'yan wasa, masu horaswa, alkalai, manajoji, 'yan jarida da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki da suka bayar da gudunmawa wajen bunƙasa wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar. An ƙaddamar da kyautar ne a shekarar 2013 ta hannun Matchmakers Consult International (wanda daga baya ya koma Lenders Consult International), tare da goyon bayan Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya (NFF). An gudanar da bikin bayar da kyautar karo na farko a Calabar, jihar Cross River a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Pitch Awards: 10 years of service to Nigerian football |url=https://blueprint.ng/nigeria-pitch-awards-10-years-of-service-to-nigerian-football/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=15 June 2024 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pitch Awards sets to celebrate one decade with glitz, aplomb |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/10th-edition-of-nigeria-pitch-awards-commences-preparations-to-recognize-football-excellence |work=Africa Sport Network |date=6 November 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Nigeria Pitch Awards ne domin samar da wata hanyar karramawa mai gaskiya da nagarta ga mutanen da suka yi fice a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Tun daga fara gudanar da ita a shekarar 2013, kyautar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun lambobin yabo a wasan ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya. Masu shirya kyautar sun bayyana cewa manufarta ita ce yabawa ƙwazo, kishin ƙasa da kuma jajircewar masu ruwa da tsaki a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pitch Awards To Celebrate One Decade With Glitz, Aplomb |url=https://www.cknnigeria.com/2023/11/pitch-awards-to-celebrate-one-decade.html |work=CKN News |date=7 November 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Pitch Awards gets NFF, media gurus' commendation over 10th year anniversary |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/nigeria-pitch-awards-gets-nff-media-gurus-commendation-over-10th-year-anniversary |work=Africa Sport Network |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> Shugaban kyautar, '''Shina Philips''', ya bayyana cewa an gina tsarin kyautar ne bisa ginshiƙai uku: gaskiya (Integrity), amintuwa (Credibility) da kuma bayyana gaskiya (Transparency). Masu zaɓen waɗanda za su lashe kyautar sun haɗa da editocin wasanni daga jihohi 36 na Najeriya da Babban Birnin Tarayya Abuja, yayin da kamfanin SIAO Partners ke gudanar da tattarawa da tantance ƙuri'un cikin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Decade of Integrity, Credibility and Transparency at the Nigeria Pitch Awards |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/07/25/a-decade-of-integrity-credibility-and-transparency-at-the-nigeria-pitch-awards/ |work=ThisDay |date=25 July 2024 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pitch Awards to unveil 11th edition’s nominees Feb 20 |url=https://punchng.com/pitch-awards-to-unveil-11th-editions-nominees-feb-20/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=12 February 2025 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Tsarin Zaɓe == Ana zaɓar waɗanda suka lashe kyautar ne ta hanyar ƙuri'ar editocin wasanni daga sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. Bayan an kammala jefa ƙuri'u, kamfanin tantance kuɗi da bincike na SIAO Partners yana tattarawa tare da tabbatar da sahihancin sakamakon kafin a sanar da waɗanda suka yi nasara. Wannan tsari ya taimaka wajen ƙarfafa amincewar jama'a da sahihancin kyautar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pitch Awards to unveil 11th edition’s nominees Feb 20 |url=https://punchng.com/pitch-awards-to-unveil-11th-editions-nominees-feb-20/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=12 February 2025 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A Decade of Integrity, Credibility and Transparency at the Nigeria Pitch Awards |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/07/25/a-decade-of-integrity-credibility-and-transparency-at-the-nigeria-pitch-awards/ |work=ThisDay |date=25 July 2024 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Rukunan Kyauta == A farkon kafuwarta, Nigeria Pitch Awards tana da rukuni 16 na kyaututtuka. Daga baya an ƙara wasu rukunan domin faɗaɗa damar karrama mutane da cibiyoyi masu tasiri a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Daga cikin fitattun rukunan akwai: * Golan Shekara (Goalkeeper of the Year) * Mai Tsaron Baya na Shekara (Defender of the Year) * Dan Tsakiyar Fili na Shekara (Midfielder of the Year) * Dan Hari na Shekara (Striker of the Year) * Sarkin Fili (King of the Pitch) * Sarauniyar Fili (Queen of the Pitch) * Kocin Shekara (Coach of the Year) * Manajan Shekara (Manager of the Year) * Kulob na Shekara (Club of the Year) * Alƙalin Wasa na Shekara (Referee of the Year) * Dan Jaridar Ƙwallon Ƙafa na Shekara * Jihar da Ta Fi Bunƙasa Ƙwallon Ƙafa na Matasa * Gwamnan da Ya Fi Tallafa wa Ƙwallon Ƙafa * Kyautar Sam Okwaraji * Kyautar Rashidi Yekini * Kyautar Masu Tallafa wa Ƙwallon Ƙafa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Pitch Awards: 10 years of service to Nigerian football |url=https://blueprint.ng/nigeria-pitch-awards-10-years-of-service-to-nigerian-football/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=15 June 2024 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ASABA SET TO HOST NIGERIA PITCH AWARDS CEREMONY |url=https://sportsvillagesquare.com/2019/06/01/asaba-set-to-host-nigeria-pitch-awards-ceremony/ |work=Sports Village Square |date=1 June 2019 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Muhimman Wadanda Suka Lashe Kyauta == A tsawon shekaru, fitattun 'yan wasan Najeriya sun lashe kyaututtuka daban-daban a Nigeria Pitch Awards. Daga cikin su akwai Vincent Enyeama, Ahmed Musa, Asisat Oshoala, Wilfred Ndidi, Victor Osimhen, Kelechi Iheanacho da Ademola Lookman. Asisat Oshoala ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata mafi yawan lashe kyautar '''Queen of the Pitch''', yayin da Ademola Lookman ya lashe '''King of the Pitch''' a bugu na 11 da aka gudanar a shekarar 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iheanacho, Oshoala Clinch Nigeria Pitch Awards |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/06/12/iheanacho-oshoala-clinch-nigeria-pitch-awards/ |work=Channels Television |date=12 June 2017 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lookman, Ajibade shine at Nigeria Pitch Awards |url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/lookman-ajibade-shine-at-nigeria-pitch-awards/ |work=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=26 March 2025 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Tasiri == Nigeria Pitch Awards ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙarfafa gasa da ƙwazo tsakanin 'yan wasa da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a harkar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya. Hukumar NFF da dama daga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki sun yabawa kyautar saboda yadda take gudanar da ayyukanta cikin gaskiya da adalci. Haka kuma kyautar ta taimaka wajen ƙara daraja da martabar waɗanda suka bayar da gudunmawa ga ci gaban wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pinnick re-affirms NFF’s support for Nigeria Pitch Awards |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/pinnick-re-affirms-nffs-support-nigeria-pitch-awards/ |work=Vanguard |date=29 December 2016 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Pitch Awards gets NFF, media gurus' commendation over 10th year anniversary |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/nigeria-pitch-awards-gets-nff-media-gurus-commendation-over-10th-year-anniversary |work=Africa Sport Network |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Super Eagles]] * [[Asisat Oshoala]] * [[Victor Osimhen]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Waje == * [https://nigeriapitchawards.com Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203194047/http://www.nigeriapitchawards.com/ |date=2022-12-03 }} [[Category:Football awards in Nigeria]] [[Category:Awards established in 2013]] [[Category:Nigerian football]]An tsara wannan a salon Wikipedia Wiki Markup tare da manazarta daga kafafen yaɗa labarai masu inganci, ba tare da amfani da Britannica ba. lotze6kxe195tnxz2x210dzt0z2vlpw 0 153441 889210 879694 2026-07-30T01:17:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Okechukwu Amah | image = | birth_date = | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Masanin gudanarwa (Management scholar), tsohon injiniyan man fetur, ɗan kasuwa/mai gudanarwa | known_for = Aikin gudanarwa, HRM, leadership da binciken halayyar ma’aikata | employer = Lagos Business School, Pan-Atlantic University }} '''Okechukwu Amah''' fitaccen ɗan Najeriya ne wanda ya yi suna a fannin ilimin gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci (business administration), jagoranci (leadership), da nazarin halayyar ma’aikata (organizational behavior). Ya kuma yi aiki na dogon lokaci a kamfanin Chevron Nigeria Limited kafin ya koma aikin koyarwa a jami’a da makarantar kasuwanci ta Lagos Business School.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okechukwu_Amah |title=Okechukwu Amah |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Okechukwu Amah ya karanta Injiniyan Man Fetur (Petroleum Engineering) a Jami’ar Ibadan. Daga baya ya samu digiri na MBA da PhD a fannin Business Administration daga Jami’ar Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://futuresoftproject.com/lbs-main/team/okechukwu-amah/ |title=Dr Okechukwu Amah - Lagos Business School Profile |website=Lagos Business School |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin farko (Chevron da kamfanonin mai) == Amah ya fara aikinsa a kamfanin Texaco Overseas Nigeria Limited a matsayin injiniyan man fetur, inda ya rika gudanar da ayyuka kamar binciken rijiyoyin mai da sarrafa harkokin samarwa. Bayan haɗewar kamfanin zuwa Chevron Nigeria Limited, ya ci gaba da aiki a manyan mukamai har ya kai matsayin babban manaja.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://futuresoftproject.com/lbs-main/team/okechukwu-amah-2/ |title=Dr Okechukwu Amah Profile |website=Lagos Business School |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan kusan shekaru sama da 30 a fannin man fetur da gudanarwa, ya bar aiki a kamfani ya koma aikin ilimi. == Aikin koyarwa == Bayan ya bar Chevron, Okechukwu Amah ya shiga Lagos Business School (LBS), inda yake koyar da darussa kamar: * Human Resources Management (HRM) * Leadership * Organizational Behaviour * Management Communication Haka kuma yana aiki a matsayin Research Director a Lagos Business School, Pan-Atlantic University.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iwfionline.org/dr-okechukwu-amah/ |title=Dr Okechukwu Amah - IWFI Profile |website=Institute for Work and Family Integration |access-date=2026-05-30 |archive-date=2023-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106073044/https://www.iwfionline.org/dr-okechukwu-amah/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bincike da gudummawa == Bincikensa ya fi mayar da hankali kan: * Dangantakar aiki da iyali (work-family conflict) * Jagoranci a kamfanoni (leadership) * Halayyar ma’aikata (employee behaviour) * Inganta aikin ma’aikata (employee engagement) Ya wallafa takardu da littattafai da dama a mujallu na duniya kan harkokin gudanarwa da jagoranci.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okechukwu_Amah |title=Okechukwu Amah Publications |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Mukamai da ƙwarewa == Amah ya kasance memba na ƙungiyoyi da dama ciki har da: * Society of Petroleum Engineers * Nigerian Academy of Management * Society of Human Resources Management * American Academy of Management == Muhimmanci == Okechukwu Amah yana daga cikin masana Najeriya da suka haɗa ƙwarewar aikin injiniya da ilimin gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar bayar da gudummawa mai yawa ga harkar ilimi da horar da shugabanni a Najeriya da Afirka gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://futuresoftproject.com/lbs-main/team/okechukwu-amah/ |title=LBS Faculty Profile |website=Lagos Business School |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]] [[Category:Nigerian academics]] [[Category:University of Ibadan alumni]] [[Category:University of Benin alumni]] [[Category:Living people]] ```0 nhm6ehf3o19b53r30rxjkpieiotv52p 0 153449 888914 883911 2026-07-29T12:17:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''NPFL Youth League''' wata gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta matasan 'yan wasa da aka kafa domin haɓaka ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya ƙarƙashin kulawar '''Nigeria Premier Football League (NPFL)'''. An ƙaddamar da gasar a kakar wasa ta 2023–24 domin samar wa ƙungiyoyin NPFL wata hanyar bunƙasa matasan 'yan wasa da za su iya kaiwa manyan ƙungiyoyi da kuma tawagogin ƙasa a nan gaba.<ref>{{cite news |title=Youth Football Revamp: NPFL Launches New Youth League |url=https://thewillnews.com/2023/11/13/youth-football-revamp-npfl-launches-new-youth-league/ |work=TheWill Nigeria |date=13 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Inyama heads NPFL Youth League Organising Committee |url=https://npfl.com.ng/2023/11/13/inyama-heads-npfl-youth-league-organising-committee/ |work=NPFL Media |date=13 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Hukumar NPFL ta sanar da kafa gasar NPFL Youth League a watan Nuwamban 2023 a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin farfaɗo da tsarin haɓaka matasan 'yan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Shugaban NPFL, Gbenga Elegbeleye, ya bayyana cewa manufar gasar ita ce tabbatar da cewa dukkan ƙungiyoyin NPFL suna da ƙungiyoyin matasa masu gasa, tare da samar da tsarin sauya matasa zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi cikin sauƙi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Inyama heads NPFL Youth League Organising Committee |url=https://npfl.com.ng/2023/11/13/inyama-heads-npfl-youth-league-organising-committee/ |work=NPFL Media |date=13 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL Appoints New Youth League Organising Committee To Invigorate League |url=https://www.sports247.ng/npfl-appoints-new-youth-league-organising-committee-to-invigorate-league/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=13 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref> An kafa kwamitin mutum bakwai domin tsara da gudanar da gasar, inda tsohon shugaban ƙungiyar Abia Warriors, Emeka Inyama, ya zama shugaban kwamitin. Sauran mambobin sun haɗa da Paul Ede, Patrick Paschal, Sabo Abdullahi Eka, Nicholas Morris Kemeghde, Gafar Liameed da Dr. Sunday Obaseki a matsayin sakatare.<ref>{{cite news |title=Elegbeleye explains decision to start U-17 NPFL youth league |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/elegbeleye-explains-decision-to-star-u-17-npfl-youth-league/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=9 Disamba 2023 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Inyama heads NPFL Youth League Organising Committee |url=https://npfl.com.ng/2023/11/13/inyama-heads-npfl-youth-league-organising-committee/ |work=NPFL Media |date=13 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manufofi == Babbar manufar gasar ita ce samar da wata hanya ta ci gaban matasan 'yan wasa daga matakin makarantu da ƙananan rukuni zuwa ƙungiyoyin NPFL da kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙasa. Shugaban NPFL, Gbenga Elegbeleye, ya bayyana cewa gasar za ta taimaka wajen gano sabbin hazikan 'yan wasa da kuma rage dogaro da sayen 'yan wasa daga wasu ƙungiyoyi, domin ƙungiyoyi su riƙa haɓaka 'yan wasansu daga gida.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why we introduced U-17 youth league – NPFL |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/why-we-introduced-u-17-youth-league-npfl/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=3 Maris 2024 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL Youth League: Clubs face sanctions for non-participation |url=https://npfl.com.ng/2024/01/27/npfl-youth-league-clubs-face-sanctions-for-non-participation/ |work=NPFL Media |date=27 Janairu 2024 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, Elegbeleye ya ƙara bayyana cewa gasar tana da nufin ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙin ƙungiyoyin NPFL ta hanyar haɓaka matasa da za a iya sayarwa zuwa ƙasashen waje ko kuma su taka muhimmiyar rawa a manyan ƙungiyoyin cikin gida.<ref>{{cite news |title=Elegbeleye gives reason for creation of NPFL Youth League |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/07/25/elegbeleye-gives-reason-for-creation-of-npfl-youth-league/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=25 Yuli 2024 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023–24, an tsara gasar ne ga 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 (U-17). An raba ƙungiyoyin NPFL guda 20 zuwa yankuna daban-daban domin gudanar da wasannin share fage. Cibiyoyin da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da Lafia, Kaduna, Enugu, Ekiti da Port Harcourt. Bayan kammala wasannin yankuna, ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice sun samu tikitin zuwa matakin ƙarshe na gasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL Youth League kicks off Feb 1 in five centres |url=https://npfl.com.ng/2024/01/29/npfl-youth-league-kicks-off-feb-1-in-five-centres/ |work=NPFL Media |date=29 Janairu 2024 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL Youth League: Clubs face sanctions for non-participation |url=https://npfl.com.ng/2024/01/27/npfl-youth-league-clubs-face-sanctions-for-non-participation/ |work=NPFL Media |date=27 Janairu 2024 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Daga baya, a kakar wasa ta 2024–25, an faɗaɗa tsarin zuwa matakin U-19, inda aka raba ƙungiyoyi zuwa rukuni uku a Ikenne, Umuahia da Kano. Ƙungiyoyin da suka fi kowa ƙwazo daga kowanne rukuni sun samu damar shiga gasar ƙarshen kakar domin tantance zakaran NPFL Youth League.<ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL Youth League holds in Ikenne, Umuahia, Kano |url=https://npfl.com.ng/2025/08/03/npfl-youth-league-holds-in-ikenne-umuahia-kano/ |work=NPFL Media |date=3 Agusta 2025 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Muhimmanci ga Ƙwallon Ƙafar Najeriya == Masu gudanar da NPFL sun bayyana cewa gasar matasa za ta zama tushen zaɓen 'yan wasa ga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na Najeriya a matakan matasa. Haka kuma ana kallonta a matsayin wata hanya ta samar da ƙwararrun 'yan wasa masu iya maye gurbin tsofaffin 'yan wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyi da kuma samar da sababbin taurari irin su Victor Osimhen da Ademola Lookman a nan gaba.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why we introduced U-17 youth league – NPFL |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/why-we-introduced-u-17-youth-league-npfl/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=3 Maris 2024 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL Youth League: Elegbeleye Explains Vision Behind Nigeria’s New Talent Pipeline |url=https://www.sports247.ng/npfl-youth-league-elegbeleye-explains-vision-behind-nigerias-new-talent-pipeline/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=19 Oktoba 2025 |access-date=30 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Nigeria National League]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Football competitions in Nigeria]] [[Category:Youth football in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sports leagues established in 2023]] [[Category:Nigeria Premier Football League]] 620ifm78n4bniu3yaml3452k5wlfk7n 0 153450 889144 843365 2026-07-29T19:37:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Nigerian Players Union | native_name = National Association of Nigerian Professional Footballers (NANPF) | type = Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa | headquarters = Najeriya | region_served = Najeriya | membership = 'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa masu sana'a da tsofaffin 'yan wasa | key_people = Tijani Babangida | affiliation = FIFPRO }} '''Nigerian Players Union''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''National Association of Nigerian Professional Footballers (NANPF)''') ƙungiya ce da ke wakiltar muradun da walwalar 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa masu sana'a a Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar domin kare haƙƙin 'yan wasa, tabbatar da biyan albashi da alawus-alawus yadda ya kamata, da kuma samar da kariya ga 'yan wasa a harkokin kwangila da jin daɗinsu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Players Union decries unfair labour practices against Nigerian footballers |url=https://dailysportsng.com/news/10071-Nigeria-Players-Union-decries-unfair-labour-practices-against-Nigerian-footballers |work=Daily Sports Nigeria |date=29 March 2018 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == A tsawon shekaru, ƙungiyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da ke kare haƙƙin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Sai dai an samu rikice-rikicen shugabanci da suka jawo rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin ƙungiyar na sama da shekaru goma. A shekarar 2020 ne aka gudanar da zaɓen haɗin kai wanda ya kawo ƙarshen rikicin, inda tsohon ɗan wasan Super Eagles '''Tijani Babangida''' ya zama shugaban haɗaɗɗiyar ƙungiyar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dare hails players union as Babangida becomes unified president |url=https://guardian.ng/news/dare-hails-players-union-as-babangida-becomes-unified-president/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Manufofi == Babban manufar ƙungiyar ita ce kare haƙƙin 'yan wasa a dukkan matakan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Ƙungiyar tana sa ido kan yadda ƙungiyoyi ke mutunta yarjejeniyoyin kwangila, biyan albashi da kari, da kuma samar da ingantattun yanayin aiki ga 'yan wasa. Haka kuma tana taimakawa wajen warware rikice-rikicen da suka shafi kwangila tsakanin 'yan wasa da kulake.<ref>{{cite news |title=NANPF Set Up Framework On Players Welfare |url=https://silvernews.com.ng/2025/07/25/nanpf-set-up-framework-on-players-welfare/ |work=Silver News |date=25 July 2025 |access-date=30 May 2026 |archive-date=14 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250914030120/https://silvernews.com.ng/2025/07/25/nanpf-set-up-framework-on-players-welfare/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kare walwalar 'yan wasa == NANPF ta yi ta bayyana damuwa kan matsalolin rashin biyan albashi, kari da kuma rashin kyakkyawan yanayin zaman sansani da wasu kulake ke yi wa 'yan wasa. A shekarar 2019 ƙungiyar ta yi kira ga hukumomin lig-lig na Najeriya su tabbatar cewa kulake suna da ƙarfin biyan haƙƙoƙin 'yan wasa kafin a ba su damar shiga gasar ƙwararru.<ref>{{cite news |title=Players' union laments poor treatment of players by Nigerian clubs |url=https://blueprint.ng/players-union-laments-poor-treatment-of-players-by-nigerian-clubs/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=28 December 2019 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2020 kuma ƙungiyar ta yi barazanar kai ƙorafi ga FIFA da FIFPRO kan matsalar rashin biyan albashi ga 'yan wasa a wasu kulake na Najeriya, musamman bayan matsin tattalin arzikin da annobar COVID-19 ta haifar. Shugaban ƙungiyar Tijani Babangida ya bayyana cewa ƙungiyar za ta nemi taimakon hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya domin kare haƙƙin 'yan wasan Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Football Players Union to report to FIFA over non payment of players salaries |url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2020/06/30/nigeria-football-players-union-to-report-to-fifa-over-non-payment-of-players-salaries/ |work=Within Nigeria |date=30 June 2020 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Tsarin inshora da tallafin lafiya == Ƙungiyar ta daɗe tana kira ga hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya da su samar da tsarin inshora da tallafin lafiya ga tsofaffi da kuma masu taka leda. Wannan kira ya ƙara ƙarfi bayan rashin lafiyar fitaccen tsohon kyaftin ɗin Najeriya, Christian Chukwu, inda ƙungiyar ta nuna muhimmancin samar da kariyar lafiya ga 'yan wasa bayan sun yi ritaya daga buga wasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria players union renews call for insurance system after Christian Chukwu illness |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37508365/nigeria-players-union-renews-call-insurance-system-christian-chukwu-illness |work=ESPN |date=21 April 2019 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Dangantaka da FIFPRO == NANPF tana cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki tare da '''FIFPRO''', wato ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke wakiltar 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. Ta wannan hanyar ne ƙungiyar ke samun damar kai koke-koken 'yan wasan Najeriya zuwa matakin duniya da kuma samun goyon baya a harkokin kare haƙƙin ma'aikatan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Football Players Union to report to FIFA over non payment of players salaries |url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2020/06/30/nigeria-football-players-union-to-report-to-fifa-over-non-payment-of-players-salaries/ |work=Within Nigeria |date=30 June 2020 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Sabbin ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa == A shekarar 2021 wasu tsofaffin 'yan wasan Najeriya sun ƙaddamar da wata sabuwar ƙungiya mai suna '''All Nigerian Players Union (ANPU)''', suna masu cewa manufarsu ita ce inganta walwalar 'yan wasa da kuma kawo sabbin dabarun gudanar da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Wannan mataki ya biyo bayan dogon lokaci na rikice-rikicen shugabanci a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa na ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Nigerian Players’ Union Unveiled in Lagos |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2021/10/12/new-nigerian-players-union-unveiled-in-lagos/ |work=THISDAY |date=12 October 2021 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFPRO]] * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[Tijani Babangida]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Football in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sports organizations in Nigeria]] [[Category:Association football players' trade unions]] [[Category:Organizations based in Nigeria]] nc29mw3hbn9z2lvjml4i21js7czmxxu 0 153663 889240 843862 2026-07-30T05:40:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Owo | native_name = Òwò | settlement_type = Birni da Karamar Hukumar Mulki | image_skyline = | subdivision_type = Ƙasa | subdivision_name = Najeriya | subdivision_type1 = Jiha | subdivision_name1 = Jihar Ondo | established_title = Kafuwa | established_date = kusan ƙarni na 15 | population_total = 222,262 (ƙidayar 2006) | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 | leader_title = Olowo na Owo | leader_name = Oba Ajibade Gbadegesin Ogunoye III }} '''Owo''' (Yoruba: ''Òwò'') birni ne kuma cibiyar [[Karamar Hukumar Owo]] a [[Jihar Ondo]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Garin yana daga cikin tsofaffin masarautun Yarbawa kuma yana da muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin Yarbawa tun daga ƙarni na goma sha biyar. Owo ya kasance babban birnin wata masarauta mai cin gashin kanta tsakanin ƙarni na 15 zuwa na 16, kuma ya shahara wajen fasaha, al'adu da kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |title=History of Owo, Ondo State |publisher=Naijabiography |access-date=31 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216202604/https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owo |title=Owo |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=31 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Bisa ga tatsuniyoyi da tarihin baka na Yarbawa, asalin Owo ya samo tushe ne daga tsohon birnin [[Ile-Ife]], wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mahaifar al'ummar Yarbawa. Ana cewa waɗanda suka kafa Owo zuriyar Oduduwa ne, wanda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin kakannin sarakunan Yarbawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |title=History of Owo, Ondo State |publisher=Naijabiography |access-date=31 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216202604/https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 0 Masarautar Owo ta bunƙasa tsakanin ƙarni na 15 da na 18. Duk da kasancewarta kusa da Daular Benin, Owo ta ci gaba da riƙe 'yancinta a mafi yawan lokuta. Haka kuma akwai alaƙar siyasa, kasuwanci da al'adu tsakanin Owo da Benin, lamarin da ya yi tasiri sosai ga fasaha da tsarin sarauta na masarautun biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |title=History of Owo, Ondo State |publisher=Naijabiography |access-date=31 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216202604/https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 1 A shekarar 1893 Owo ta shiga ƙarƙashin ikon Turawan Birtaniya. Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Najeriya a shekarar 1960, garin ya kasance cikin Yankin Yamma (Western Region), daga baya Western State, sannan ya zama wani ɓangare na Jihar Ondo da aka kafa a shekarar 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |title=History of Owo, Ondo State |publisher=Naijabiography |access-date=31 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216202604/https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2 == Wuri da Yanayi == Owo tana a yankin gabashin ƙasar Yarbawa, tsakanin biranen Akure da Benin City. Garin yana kusa da tsaunukan Yoruba Hills kuma ya kasance muhimmiyar mahadar hanyoyin kasuwanci tsakanin yankunan Yarbawa da Edo tun zamanin da.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |title=History of Owo, Ondo State |publisher=Naijabiography |access-date=31 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216202604/https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 3 == Al'umma da Al'adu == Mutanen Owo wani rukuni ne na Yarbawa da ke da nasa salon harshe da al'adu. Duk da kasancewarsu Yarbawa, al'adunsu sun nuna tasirin Ife da Benin saboda kusancinsu da waɗannan manyan cibiyoyin tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nairaland.com/4477844/culture-tradition-ogho-owo-kingdom |title=Culture and Tradition of the Ogho (Owo) Kingdom |publisher=Nairaland |access-date=31 Mayu 2026}}</ref> 4 Owo ta shahara wajen bukukuwan gargajiya, sarauta da kuma sana'o'in hannu. Masu sassaƙa hauren giwa na Owo sun yi suna a faɗin Yammacin Afirka, har sarakunan Benin suna ɗaukar masu sana'ar Owo domin yin kayayyakin fada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |title=History of Owo, Ondo State |publisher=Naijabiography |access-date=31 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216202604/https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 5 == Fadar Olowo == Fadar '''Olowo na Owo''' (Aghofen) tana daga cikin manyan fadojin gargajiya a Afirka. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ayyana fadar a matsayin abin tarihi na ƙasa. A da fadar tana da kusan haraba (courtyards) guda 100, kowacce tana da nata muhimmanci a harkokin addini, mulki da bukukuwan gargajiya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |title=History of Owo, Ondo State |publisher=Naijabiography |access-date=31 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216202604/https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 6 == Tattalin Arziki == Tattalin arzikin Owo ya ta'allaka ne kan noma da kasuwanci. Manyan amfanin gona da ake nomawa sun haɗa da: * Doya * Rogo * Masara * Barkono * Auduga * Koko Baya ga noma, akwai masana'antun sarrafa katako, sarrafa waken soya da sauran sana'o'in zamani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |title=History of Owo, Ondo State |publisher=Naijabiography |access-date=31 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216202604/https://naijabiography.com/history-culture/history-of-owo-ondo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 7 == Kayan Tarihi da Gidajen Tarihi == Masana kimiyyar kayan tarihi sun gudanar da bincike a Owo tsakanin shekarun 1969 da 1971 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ekpo Eyo. An gano mutum-mutumin terra-cotta, kayan tagulla da sauran kayayyakin tarihi masu nuna haɗuwar salon fasahar Ife da Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owo |title=Owo |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=31 Mayu 2026}}</ref> 8 An kafa '''Gidan Tarihi na Owo (Owo Museum)''' a shekarar 1968 domin adana waɗannan kayayyaki da sauran abubuwan tarihi na masarautar Owo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owo |title=Owo |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=31 Mayu 2026}}</ref> 9 == Sarakunan Owo == Ana kiran sarkin Owo da '''Olowo'''. Daga cikin fitattun sarakunan zamani akwai: * Sir Olateru Olagbegi II (1941–1968; 1993–1998) * Adekola Ogunoye II (1968–1992) * Folagbade Olateru Olagbegi III (1999–2019) * Oba Ajibade Gbadegesin Ogunoye III (2019–zuwa yanzu) <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owo |title=Owo |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=31 Mayu 2026}}</ref> 10 == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Ondo]] * [[Yarbawa]] * [[Ile-Ife]] * [[Daular Benin]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Owo]] [[Category:Cities in Nigeria]] [[Category:Populated places in Ondo State]] [[Category:Yoruba towns]] [[Category:Local Government Areas in Ondo State]] [[Category:Yoruba history]] [[Category:Yoruba culture]] [[Category:Kingdoms of Yorubaland]] ```11 hke9q0fo2wrissi3jm55fdf02cq1jc9 0 153718 888913 844036 2026-07-29T12:10:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} NFL Protector of the Year kyauta ce da ake bayarwa a kowace shekara ga mafi kyawun dan wasan da ke cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa. An gabatar da shi a cikin kakar NFL ta 2025, ana gabatar da shi kowace shekara a matsayin wani ɓangare na girmamawar NFL. == Tarihi == 'Yan wasan da ke kai hari yawanci ba sa samun irin wannan sanarwa kamar Matsayi na ƙwarewa kamar quarterback da running back, waɗanda aka ba su aikin toshewa. NFL ta kuma yarda cewa su ne "kawai 'yan wasan da ba su cancanci samun kyaututtuka a filin wasa ba". An sami yabo daban-daban don murna da 'yan wasan da suka yi a gasar. National 1,000 Yard Club, tushe na girmama 'yan wasan da suka gudu sama da yadudduka dubu a cikin kakar, sun ba da kyautar Mai Girma na Shekara tun daga kakar 1964 zuwa 1977. <ref name="Kramer Named" /><ref name="Turney 2025">{{Cite web |last=Turney |first=John |date=February 10, 2025 |title=Bills' Dawkins Wants to Win This Award. One Problem: It No Longer Exists |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/sports/nfl/bills-dawkins-wants-to-win-this-award-one-problem-it-no-longer-exists/ar-AA1yxeS7 |access-date=January 27, 2026 |publisher=[[MSN]]}}</ref> An yi bikin ne a matsayin "kyautar da ta wuce gona da iri" a lokacin da aka kirkireshi, an san 'yan wasa guda ɗaya da kuma layin da ba su dace ba.<ref name="Kramer Named">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/green-bay-press-gazette-kramer-named-nfl/189927005/|title=Kramer Named NFL Outstanding Blocker of Year|newspaper=[[Green Bay Press-Gazette]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=May 23, 1968|access-date=January 27, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram-sports-scene/189927044/|title=Sports scene|newspaper=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=June 2, 1978|access-date=January 27, 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar 'yan wasan NFL ta ba da lambar yabo ta Offensive Lineman of the Year daga 1967 zuwa 1999, yayin da NFL Alumni suka yi hakan daga 1982 zuwa 2010.<ref name="Turney 2025"/> Forrest Gregg, wanda ya karbi lambar yabo ta NFLPA ta farko, <ref name="Turney 2025" /> shine sunan irin wannan girmamawa da Pro Football Writers of America ta Wisconsin ta bayar tsakanin 1970 da 1982. Sauran sun hada da Football Digest's Offensive Lineman of the Year daga 1973 zuwa 1984, <ref name="Turney 2025" /> Seagram's Sports Awards daga 1974 zuwa 1986, <ref name="Turney 2025" /> da kuma Pro Football Focus 'Bruce Matthews Award tun daga 2013. An ƙaddamar da lambar yabo ta Seagram ta kwamitin masu horar da layin tsaro da masu tsaron gida.<ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Marty|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/dayton-daily-news-munoz-receives-a-500/189922009/|title=Munoz receives a $5,000 toast|newspaper=[[Dayton Daily News]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=February 17, 1982|access-date=January 26, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/pensacola-news-journal-taylor-stephenso/189922077/|title=Taylor, Stephenson earn Seagram awards|agency=[[Associated Press|AP]]|newspaper=[[Pensacola News Journal]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=March 1, 1985|access-date=January 26, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Fisher|first=Mike|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chillicothe-gazette-munoz-regarded-with/189922148/|title=Munoz regarded with best linemen|newspaper=[[Chillicothe Gazette]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=January 21, 1989|access-date=January 26, 2026}}</ref> Daga shekara ta 2009 zuwa shekara ta 2012, an ba da lambar yabo ta Madden Most Valuable Protectors ga mafi kyawun layin; mai suna John Madden ya ba da girmamawa na mako-mako. An ba da kyautar Built Ford Tough Offensive Line of the Year, wani takamaiman zakara, a NFL Honors daga 2016 zuwa 2018. The Protector of the Year ya samo asali ne daga Buffalo Bills tackle Dion Dawkins, wanda ya yi shelar cewa "ba zai daina fada ba don ba wa 'yan wasan da suka dace girmamawa da kuma amincewa da muka cancanci. " <ref name="NFL Ops">{{Cite web |date=May 21, 2025 |title=New Protector of the Year Award to Honor Offensive Linemen |url=https://operations.nfl.com/updates/the-players/new-protector-of-the-year-award-to-honor-offensive-linemen/ |access-date=January 27, 2026 |website=[[National Football League]] |archive-date=January 29, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260129152149/https://operations.nfl.com/updates/the-players/new-protector-of-the-year-award-to-honor-offensive-linemen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dawkins ya kasance mai murya tun daga kakar 2024 game da samun lambar yabo ga' yan wasan, kuma ya gabatar da ra'ayin ga kwamishinan league Roger Goodell a wani Super Bowl LIX party. An fara bayar da kyautar ne a 15th NFL Honors ga mai tsaron gidan Chicago Bears Joe Thuney . == Tsarin Zaɓin == An yanke shawarar lambar yabo ta kwamitin 'yan wasan da suka yi ritaya. Kwamitin ya zabi 'yan wasa biyar a matsayin masu karshe kafin a zabi mai nasara.<ref name="NFL Ops"/> Ana la'akari da ka'idoji biyar yayin zabar mai nasara: <ref name="NFL Ops"/> * Matsayi na ƙwarewa: Ƙungiyoyin ƙididdiga kamar ƙimar cin nasara ta lineman a cikin kariya ta wucewa da toshe gudu, sacks da aka ba da izini, da kuma hukuncin da aka yi * Tasirin: Gudummawar mai kunnawa ga nasarar da ya samu a gaba ɗaya kamar jimlar yardage * Jagora: Halin mai kunnawa ga abokan aikinsa da kuma lokacin wasanni * Durability: Mafi ƙarancin adadin snaps da wasannin da aka buga * Ƙarfin abokin hamayyar: Nasarar dan wasan a kan 'yan wasan tsaron da suka fi dacewa == Wadanda suka yi nasara == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lokacin !Mai kunnawa !Matsayi !Kungiyar ! class="unsortable" |Ref |- |2025 |{{Sortname|Joe|Thuney}} |Mai tsaron gida |Chicago Bears |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-06 |title=Bears' Joe Thuney Takes First NFL Protector of the Year Award |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/bears/onsi/bears-joe-thuney-takes-first-nfl-protector-of-the-year-award |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Chicago Bears On SI |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Duba kuma == * Jerin lambobin yabo na NFL * Kyautar Madden Mafi Kyawun Masu Karewa * Ginin Ford Tough Offensive Line of the Year == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} drb7jisrjq129eato1a9upn2webefye 0 153960 889220 844788 2026-07-30T02:44:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olubowale Taiwo''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya samu muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga harkar shari'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref> == Sana'a == Olubowale Taiwo ya shahara a fagen aikin lauya a Najeriya. A shekarar 2018, Kwamitin Karrama Lauyoyi na Najeriya (Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee – LPPC) ya zaɓe shi cikin jerin lauyoyi 31 da aka ɗaga zuwa matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi girman karramawa a harkar lauya a ƙasar, kuma ana ba da shi ne ga waɗanda suka nuna ƙwarewa da nagarta a aikin shari'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=31 lawyers elevated to SAN |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/31-lawyers-elevated-to-san/ |work=The Nation |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref> An sanar da sunansa a hukumance tare da sauran sabbin SANs bayan zaman LPPC da aka gudanar a Abuja, inda aka bayyana cewa an zaɓe shi ne bisa cancanta da gudummawar da ya bayar ga aikin lauya a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Breaking: 31 Lawyers Elevated to the rank of SAN (See Full List) |url=https://barristerng.com/breaking-31-lawyers-elevated-to-the-rank-of-sansee-full-list/ |work=BarristerNG |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref> == Karramawa == * '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' – 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria (full list) |url=https://www.legit.ng/1180204-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-nigeria-full-list.html |work=Legit.ng |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026 |archive-date=1 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260601192138/https://www.legit.ng/1180204-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-nigeria-full-list.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Taiwo, Olubowale}} [[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da ke raye]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] nnq44jfq94qi72tjmzle5koiolsjxlv 0 153965 889224 844794 2026-07-30T03:10:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Oluwole Osamudianie Iyamu | birth_date = | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya | known_for = Babban Lauya na Najeriya (SAN), Solicitor General na Jihar Edo, Attorney General na Jihar Edo | alma_mater = }} '''Oluwole Osamudianie Iyamu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin '''Solicitor General''' da kuma '''Permanent Secretary''' a Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Jihar Edo. Daga baya ya zama '''Attorney General''' kuma Kwamishinan Shari’a na Jihar Edo. An san shi a harkar shari’a a Najeriya bayan samun matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda yana daga cikin manyan mukamai da ake bai wa lauyoyi a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Oluwole Osamudiamen Iyamu, Solicitor General of Edo State has just been made SAN |url=https://tlivemedia.com/2018/07/12/oluwole-osamudiamen-iyamu-solicitor-general-of-edo-state-has-just-be-made-san/ |work=TLive Media |date=12 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018}}</ref> == Rayuwar aiki == Iyamu ya yi aiki a Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Jihar Edo inda ya riƙe muƙamin '''Solicitor General''' da kuma '''Permanent Secretary'''. A wata sanarwa da ya fitar yayin zaɓen shugabancin Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya (NBA) a shekarar 2020, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria kuma Solicitor General da Permanent Secretary na Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Jihar Edo. Haka kuma ya bayyana cewa kafin shiga aikin gwamnati ya kasance cikin harkar lauya mai zaman kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olumide Akpata Personifies Excellence In Service Delivery - Oluwole Iyamu SAN Endorses Akpata |url=https://barristerng.com/olumide-akpata-personifies-excellence-in-service-delivery-oluwole-iyamu-san-endorses-akpata-for-nba-president/ |website=BarristerNG |date=28 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Olumide Akpata Is Tried And Tested" - Oluwole Iyamu SAN Backs Olu For NBA President |url=https://www.lawyard.org/opinions/olumide-akpata-is-tried-and-tested-oluwole-iyamu-san-backs-olu-for-nba-president/ |website=Lawyard |date=28 July 2020}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Kwamitin '''Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee (LPPC)''' ya sanya sunansa cikin jerin lauyoyi 31 da aka ba matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi girman karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda gudummawarsu ga ci gaban aikin shari’a.<ref>{{Cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List of New Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN) In 2018 |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/full-list-of-new-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-in-2018/ |website=Media Nigeria |date=6 November 2018}}</ref> Iyamu ya kuma taka rawa a harkokin gyaran dokoki a Jihar Edo. A wata shari’a da aka gudanar a Babbar Kotun Jihar Edo, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin lauya kuma shugaban '''Edo State Law Review Committee''', kwamitin da ke nazari da sake duba dokokin jihar domin inganta tsarin shari’a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suit No. B/769/2011: Dr. Pius Odubu Vs Roobbs Communication Network Ltd & Others |url=https://edojudiciary.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Suit-No-B-769-2011-Dr-Pius-Odubu-Vs-Roobbs-Communication-Network-Ltd-3-Others.pdf |website=Edo State Judiciary}}</ref> == Attorney General na Jihar Edo == Bayan aikinsa a matsayin Solicitor General, an naɗa Iyamu a matsayin '''Attorney General''' kuma Kwamishinan Shari’a na Jihar Edo. A wannan matsayi yana kula da harkokin shari’a na gwamnatin jihar tare da bayar da shawara kan batutuwan doka da kundin tsarin mulki.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Buhari approves appointment of Edo Justice Commissioner, Iyamu, to Governing Board of Legal Aid Council |url=https://www.theconclaveng.com/buhari-approves-appointment-of-edo-justice-commissioner-iyamu-to-governing-board-of-legal-aid-council/ |work=The Conclave |date=21 January 2023 |access-date=1 June 2026 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121202800/https://www.theconclaveng.com/buhari-approves-appointment-of-edo-justice-commissioner-iyamu-to-governing-board-of-legal-aid-council/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Naɗin Hukumar Legal Aid Council == A shekarar 2023, Shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari ya amince da naɗin Oluwole Iyamu a matsayin mamba a Hukumar Gudanarwa ta '''Legal Aid Council of Nigeria'''. Naɗin ya kasance na tsawon shekaru uku, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin wani mataki na ƙara amfani da ƙwarewarsa wajen bunƙasa ayyukan shari’a da taimakon doka ga al’umma a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Buhari approves appointment of Edo Justice Commissioner, Iyamu, to Governing Board of Legal Aid Council |url=https://www.theconclaveng.com/buhari-approves-appointment-of-edo-justice-commissioner-iyamu-to-governing-board-of-legal-aid-council/ |work=The Conclave |date=21 January 2023 |access-date=1 June 2026 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121202800/https://www.theconclaveng.com/buhari-approves-appointment-of-edo-justice-commissioner-iyamu-to-governing-board-of-legal-aid-council/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Buhari Appoints Edo Attorney-General, Iyamu Member, Legal Aid Council Of Nigeria Governing Board |url=https://www.alltimepost.com/buhari-appoints-edo-attorney-general-iyamu-member-legal-aid-council-of-nigeria-governing-board/ |work=Alltimepost |date=21 January 2023}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]] * [[Nigerian Bar Association]] * [[Edo State Ministry of Justice]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Iyamu, Oluwole Osamudianie}} [[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Edo State]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] tf8w2u5978lpkgeoucbr0wle30ti4qa 0 154002 889197 844873 2026-07-29T23:02:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu | image = | caption = Sheikh Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu | birth_name = Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu | nationality = Najeriya | citizenship = Najeriya | occupation = Malamin Musulunci, mai bincike, mai horaswa, marubuci | known_for = Wa'azi, tattaunawar addinai, horar da malamai, da aikin zaman lafiya tsakanin addinai | organization = Da’wah Institute of Nigeria (DIN), Islamic Education Trust (IET) | alma_mater = Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria; University of Edinburgh }} '''Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu''' malamin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya, mai bincike da kuma mai horaswa a fannin tattaunawar addinai, zaman lafiya, da inganta fahimtar Musulunci. Yana aiki a matsayin Daraktan Bincike da Horaswa na '''Da’wah Institute of Nigeria (DIN)''', reshen '''Islamic Education Trust (IET)''' da ke Minna, Jihar Neja, Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu |url=https://www.kaiciid.org/who-we-are/fellows/muhammad-nuruddeen-lemu |website=KAICIID |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa da karatu == An haifi Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu a Najeriya cikin gidan fitaccen malamin Musulunci Sheikh Ahmed Lemu da Hajiya Aisha Lemu, waɗanda suka kafa Islamic Education Trust (IET).<ref>{{cite news |title=AMIS Grand Patron Hajiya Aisha Bridget Lemu is dead |url=https://www.amisnigeria.org/news/amis-grand-patron-hajiya-aisha-bridget-lemu-is-dead/ |publisher=Association of Model Islamic Schools Nigeria |date=5 Janairu 2019 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}</ref> Ya sami digirin farko a fannin '''Agriculture''' daga '''Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria''', sannan ya samu digirin '''MSc a Resource Management''' daga '''University of Edinburgh''' a Birtaniya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nurudeen Lemu – Non Executive Director |url=https://dev.lotusbank.com/team-details?a=Nurudeen-Lemu |website=LOTUS Bank |access-date=1 Yuni 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki == Nuruddeen Lemu ya shahara wajen shirya da gudanar da kwasa-kwasai da horaswa kan: * Tattaunawar addinai (Interfaith Dialogue) * Haɗin kai tsakanin mabiya addinai * Yaƙi da tsattsauran ra'ayi * Gina zaman lafiya * ''Shari’ah Intelligence'' ko fahimtar maqasudin Shari'a da tunani mai zurfi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaykh Nuruddeen Lemu |url=https://www.iidr.org/people/87-nuruddeen-lemu/ |website=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Reform |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}</ref> Yana matsayin Daraktan Bincike da Horaswa a Da’wah Institute of Nigeria, kuma Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Islamic Education Trust da ke Minna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Staff |url=https://dawahinstitute.org/our-staff/ |website=Dawah Institute |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}</ref> == Gudummawa == Lemu ya kasance cikin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya da fahimtar juna tsakanin addinai a Najeriya. Ya taimaka wajen kafa '''Inter-Faith Activity and Partnership for Peace (IFAPP)''', wata ƙungiya da ke inganta haɗin kai tsakanin Musulmi da Kiristoci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu |url=https://www.kaiciid.org/who-we-are/fellows/muhammad-nuruddeen-lemu |website=KAICIID |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma ya gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo da talabijin masu yawa kan tattaunawar addinai da zaman lafiya a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://maqasid.org/who-we-are/ |website=Maqasid Institute |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}</ref> == Sauran mukamai == Ya riƙe ko yake riƙe da mukamai a wasu ƙungiyoyi da kamfanoni da dama, ciki har da: * Development Initiative of West Africa (DIWA) * Lotus Capital Limited * Lotus Bank * Regional Centre of Expertise (RCE) Minna * Jama'atu Nasril Islam (JNI) * Da'wah Coordination Council of Nigeria (DCCN).<ref>{{cite web |title=Nurudeen Lemu – Non Executive Director |url=https://dev.lotusbank.com/team-details?a=Nurudeen-Lemu |website=LOTUS Bank |access-date=1 Yuni 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Harkokin ƙasa == A shekarar 2014, an za 8p84epxupmo6wnlf1bggv64iwkr1atq 0 154139 889216 845167 2026-07-30T01:47:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | suna = Olanrewaju Adigun Fagbohun | haihuwa = 19 Oktoba 1966 | wurin_haihuwa = Alimosho, Jihar Legas, Najeriya | ƙasa = Najeriya | sana'a = Lauya, malami, marubuci | ilimi = Jami'ar Ife (yanzu Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo), Jami'ar Legas | mukami = Tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Legas (LASU) | shekaru_aiki = 1991–zuwa yanzu | sananne_saboda = Dokar muhalli da shugabancin jami'a | lambar_girmamawa = SAN (Senior Advocate of Nigeria) }} '''Olanrewaju Adigun Fagbohun''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, farfesa a fannin dokar muhalli, marubuci kuma masani a harkokin shari'a. Ya shahara a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙwararrun lauyoyi a Najeriya a fannin dokar muhalli da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Haka kuma ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Legas (LASU) na takwas daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2021. An kuma ba shi lambar girmamawa ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wadda ke daga cikin mafi girman karramawa ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fagbohun appointed new Lagos State University Vice-Chancellor |url=https://dailypost.ng/2016/01/06/fagbohun-appointed-new-lagos-state-university-vice-chancellor/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ambode appoints Fagbohun as LASU VC |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/ambode-appoints-fagbohun-as-lasu-vc/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=6 January 2016}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Fagbohun a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1966 a yankin Alimosho da ke Jihar Legas. Ya yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Ife (wadda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo), sannan ya samu digirin digirgir (LL.M.) daga Jami'ar Legas. Daga baya ya kammala digirin digirgir na uku (PhD) a Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, inda ya ƙware a fannin dokar muhalli da manufofin kare muhalli.<ref>{{cite news |title=LASU gets Prof Fagbohun as new Vice Chancellor |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/202180/lasu-gets-prof-fagbohun-as-new-vice-chancellor.html |work=The Nigerian Voice |date=7 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Olanrewaju Fagbohun |url=https://www.pilp.ng/our-people/olanrewaju-fabgohun |publisher=Public Interest Law Partnership |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917120436/https://pilp.ng/our-people/olanrewaju-fabgohun |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa da bincike == Fagbohun ya fara aiki a Sashen Shari'a na Jami'ar Jihar Legas (LASU) a shekarar 1991 a matsayin mataimakin malami. Ya ci gaba da hawa matakan koyarwa har ya zama Farfesa a fannin dokar muhalli a shekarar 2008. A tsawon shekarunsa na aikin jami'a, ya jagoranci sassa daban-daban na makarantar shari'a, ya kasance memba na majalisar dattawan jami'a, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka tsarin koyar da dokar muhalli a jami'o'in Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Olanrewaju Fagbohun Profile |url=https://www.pilp.ng/our-people/olanrewaju-fabgohun |publisher=Public Interest Law Partnership |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917120436/https://pilp.ng/our-people/olanrewaju-fabgohun |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=LASU gets Prof Fagbohun as new Vice Chancellor |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/202180/lasu-gets-prof-fagbohun-as-new-vice-chancellor.html |work=The Nigerian Voice |date=7 January 2016}}</ref> Baya ga aikinsa a LASU, ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Shari'a ta Kasa ta Najeriya (Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies – NIALS) inda ya kasance Daraktan Bincike. A wannan matsayi ya koyar da manyan darussa a fannin hanyoyin binciken shari'a da dokar muhalli, tare da gudanar da bincike da wallafe-wallafe masu yawa a kan mulki nagari, ci gaba mai ɗorewa da kare muhalli.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fagbohun appointed new Lagos State University Vice-Chancellor |url=https://dailypost.ng/2016/01/06/fagbohun-appointed-new-lagos-state-university-vice-chancellor/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Olanrewaju Fagbohun |url=https://www.pilp.ng/our-people/olanrewaju-fabgohun |publisher=Public Interest Law Partnership |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917120436/https://pilp.ng/our-people/olanrewaju-fabgohun |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar LASU == A ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2016, Gwamnan Jihar Legas na lokacin, '''Akinwunmi Ambode''', ya naɗa Fagbohun a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Legas (LASU) na takwas. A lokacin mulkinsa daga 2016 zuwa 2021, jami'ar ta samu ci gaba a fannoni da dama ciki har da bincike, sabbin ayyukan ci gaba da gina ababen more rayuwa. An kuma danganta zamaninsa da inganta martabar LASU a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ambode appoints Fagbohun as LASU VC |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/ambode-appoints-fagbohun-as-lasu-vc/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fagbohun appointed new Lagos State University Vice-Chancellor |url=https://dailypost.ng/2016/01/06/fagbohun-appointed-new-lagos-state-university-vice-chancellor/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=6 January 2016}}</ref> A matsayinsa na masani kan dokar muhalli, Fagbohun ya yi kira akai-akai ga gwamnatoci da hukumomi su ƙarfafa aiwatar da dokokin kare muhalli. Ya yi gargadin cewa rashin hukunta masu karya dokokin muhalli na iya jawo matsaloli masu tsanani ga dorewar muhalli da rayuwar al'umma. Ra'ayoyinsa sun mayar da hankali kan amfani da doka a matsayin kayan aikin kare muhalli da tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa.<ref>{{cite news |title=VC advocates strict sanctions for violators of environmental law |url=https://guardian.ng/news/vc-advocates-strict-sanctions-for-violators-of-environmental-law/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=29 December 2016}}</ref></ref> == Gudummawa a harkar shari'a == Fagbohun yana daga cikin manyan masana dokar muhalli a Afirka. Ya rubuta littattafai da dama tare da wallafa makaloli masu yawa a mujallun ilimi na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa. Bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan mulki, kare muhalli, haƙƙin al'ummomin asali da kuma hanyoyin samar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai tantance digirin digirgir da na biyu a jami'o'i daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Olanrewaju Fagbohun |url=https://www.pilp.ng/our-people/olanrewaju-fabgohun |publisher=Public Interest Law Partnership |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-date=2025-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917120436/https://pilp.ng/our-people/olanrewaju-fabgohun |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rule Of Law: Fagbohun Tasks Bar, Bench On Professional Dignity, Legacy Of Sanctity |url=https://independent.ng/rule-of-law-fagbohun-tasks-bar-bench-on-professional-dignity-legacy-of-sanctity/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=28 June 2024}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == A shekarar 2019, Shugaban Najeriya na lokacin, '''Muhammadu Buhari''', ya karrama Fagbohun da lambar yabo ta '''National Productivity Order of Merit (NPOM)''' saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen bunƙasa ilimi da samar da ci gaba a Najeriya. Haka kuma ya kasance memba da abokin hulɗa na ƙungiyoyi da dama na ƙwararrun lauyoyi da masana muhalli a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Buhari honours LASU VC, others with productivity award |work=Pulse Nigeria |date=24 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rule Of Law: Fagbohun Tasks Bar, Bench On Professional Dignity, Legacy Of Sanctity |url=https://independent.ng/rule-of-law-fagbohun-tasks-bar-bench-on-professional-dignity-legacy-of-sanctity/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=28 June 2024}}</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Fagbohun ya fito ne daga gidan sarauta na yankin Akesan da ke Alimosho a Jihar Legas. Yana da aure kuma yana da yara. Duk da kasancewarsa masani kuma shugaban jami'a, ya ci gaba da shiga harkokin bincike, koyarwa da bayar da shawarwari a fannonin doka da muhalli bayan kammala wa'adinsa a LASU.<ref>{{cite news |title=LASU VC makes grand entry into father's palace |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=13 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rule Of Law: Fagbohun Tasks Bar, Bench On Professional Dignity, Legacy Of Sanctity |url=https://independent.ng/rule-of-law-fagbohun-tasks-bar-bench-on-professional-dignity-legacy-of-sanctity/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=28 June 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == rjkakknx02hwuf5wbw15ugby9n2ikgq 0 154150 889206 884197 2026-07-30T00:16:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Offornze Dike Amucheazi | honorific_suffix = SAN, FCIArb, FICMC, FICIArb | image = | birth_place = Anambra State, Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | education = University of Nigeria, Nsukka; Nnamdi Azikiwe University | occupation = Lawyer, Professor of Law, Arbitrator | known_for = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), Constitutional Law, Alternative Dispute Resolution | office = Commissioner for Lands, Anambra State | term_start = 2022 | party = APGA | alma_mater = University of Nigeria, Nsukka | profession = Legal Practitioner }} '''Offornze Dike Amucheazi''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, Farfesa a fannin Shari'a, kuma '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Ya shahara a matsayin masani a dokokin kundin tsarin mulki, dokokin aiki da ƙwadago, da kuma hanyoyin sasanta rikice-rikice ba tare da zuwa kotu ba (ADR). Haka kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Amucheazi, Ozioko and Company'', kuma ya taba koyarwa a Jami'ar Najeriya da ke Nsukka da kuma Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe da ke Awka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://amucheazi-oziokoco.com/teams/prof-offornze-d-amucheazi-san/ |title=Prof. Offornze D. Amucheazi (SAN) |publisher=Amucheazi, Ozioko & Co. |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icmcng.org/meet-one-of-our-speakers-prof-offornze-d-amucheazi-san-fcarb-ficiarb-ficmc/ |title=Meet one of our Speakers – Prof. Offornze D. Amucheazi |publisher=Institute of Chartered Mediators and Conciliators |date=24 September 2025 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Offornze Dike Amucheazi a Jihar Anambra da ke kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Ya yi karatun digirin farko na shari'a (LL.B) a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, sannan aka kira shi zuwa mashayar lauyoyi ta Najeriya a shekarar 1991. Daga baya ya samu digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe da ke Awka. Har ila yau, ya halarci shirye-shiryen horaswa na musamman a fannin jagoranci da gina kundin tsarin mulki a jami'o'i da cibiyoyi na ƙasa da ƙasa ciki har da Jami'ar Oxford da Central European University da ke Budapest.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icmcng.org/meet-one-of-our-speakers-prof-offornze-d-amucheazi-san-fcarb-ficiarb-ficmc/ |title=Meet one of our Speakers – Prof. Offornze D. Amucheazi |publisher=ICMC |date=24 September 2025 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mol.anambrastate.gov.ng/professor-offornze-d-amucheazi/ |title=Professor Offornze D. Amucheazi |publisher=Anambra State Ministry of Lands |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Amucheazi ya yi shekaru masu yawa yana koyar da darussan shari'a a jami'o'in Najeriya. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka da kuma Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka, inda ya rike mukamai daban-daban a bangaren koyarwa da bincike. Ayyukansa na ilimi sun mayar da hankali kan dokokin aiki da ƙwadago, dokokin kundin tsarin mulki, da kuma hanyoyin warware rikice-rikice. Ya kuma wallafa muhimman makaloli da littattafai na ilimi a fannin shari'a.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rayfieldassociates.net/offornze-dike-amucheazi/ |title=Offornze Dike Amucheazi |publisher=Rayfield Associates |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icmcng.org/meet-one-of-our-speakers-prof-offornze-d-amucheazi-san-fcarb-ficiarb-ficmc/ |title=Meet one of our Speakers – Prof. Offornze D. Amucheazi |publisher=ICMC |date=24 September 2025 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Aikin lauya == A matsayinsa na lauya, Amucheazi ya kwashe sama da shekaru talatin yana aiki a harkar shari'a. Ya ba da shawarwari ga hukumomin gwamnati, masu zuba jari da kungiyoyin ci gaba na duniya ciki har da Bankin Duniya. Ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa kan Gyaran Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya daga shekarar 2012 zuwa 2019. Haka kuma ya taka rawa a shirye-shiryen kafa '''Africa Finance Corporation''' da sauran ayyukan gyaran manufofin gwamnati.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rayfieldassociates.net/offornze-dike-amucheazi/ |title=Offornze Dike Amucheazi |publisher=Rayfield Associates |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://amucheazi-oziokoco.com/teams/prof-offornze-d-amucheazi-san/ |title=Prof. Offornze D. Amucheazi (SAN) |publisher=Amucheazi, Ozioko & Co. |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Sulhu da sasanci == Amucheazi ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun kwararru a Najeriya a fannin sulhu da sasanci (Arbitration da Mediation). Shi mamba ne a Lagos Court of Arbitration kuma ya kasance cikin jerin masu sasanci na Edo State da Enugu State Multi-Door Courthouses. Haka kuma yana koyar da darussan ADR a cibiyoyi daban-daban na ƙwararru a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rayfieldassociates.net/offornze-dike-amucheazi/ |title=Offornze Dike Amucheazi |publisher=Rayfield Associates |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icmcng.org/meet-one-of-our-speakers-prof-offornze-d-amucheazi-san-fcarb-ficiarb-ficmc/ |title=Meet one of our Speakers – Prof. Offornze D. Amucheazi |publisher=ICMC |date=24 September 2025 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Mukaman gwamnati == A shekarar 2022, Gwamnan Jihar Anambra, Chukwuma Soludo, ya nada Amucheazi a matsayin Kwamishinan Filaye (Commissioner for Lands) na jihar. A wannan matsayi ya jagoranci sauye-sauye a harkar gudanar da filaye, rajistar filaye da kuma yaki da matsalar kwace filaye ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ya ci gaba da jaddada muhimmancin inganta ayyukan ma'aikatar filaye da samar da nagartattun ayyuka ga jama'a.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mol.anambrastate.gov.ng/anambra-min-of-lands/ |title=Anambra Lands’ Commissioner Re-States Government Commitment Against Land Grabbing |publisher=Anambra State Ministry of Lands |date=28 November 2023 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://anambrastate.gov.ng/anambra-commissioner-for-lands-prof-amucheazi-assures-of-more-optimal-land-service-delivery-this-2025-and-beyond/ |title=Anambra Commissioner for Lands Assures of More Optimal Land Service Delivery |publisher=Anambra State Government |date=9 January 2025 |access-date=2 June 2026 |archive-date=15 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715130048/https://anambrastate.gov.ng/anambra-commissioner-for-lands-prof-amucheazi-assures-of-more-optimal-land-service-delivery-this-2025-and-beyond/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Karramawa da ƙwarewa == An ba Amucheazi lambar girma ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 2018. Har ila yau, shi Fellow ne na Chartered Institute of Arbitrators Nigeria, Institute of Chartered Mediators and Conciliators, da kuma Institute of Construction Industry Arbitrators. Wadannan mukamai sun tabbatar da matsayinsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masana shari'a da sasanci a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rayfieldassociates.net/offornze-dike-amucheazi/ |title=Offornze Dike Amucheazi |publisher=Rayfield Associates |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/iciarb-admits-4-sans-new-fellows/ |title=ICIArb admits 4 SANs, new fellows |work=Vanguard Newspaper |date=20 March 2020 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Lauyoyin Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Nigerian academics]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:People from Anambra State]] l04gwsn1mgcdog5iof85lood737k1w6 0 154191 889227 845271 2026-07-30T03:27:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Omar Suleiman | image = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|6|3}} | birth_place = New Orleans, Louisiana, Amurka | nationality = Ba'amurke | religion = Musulunci | occupation = Limami, malamin Musulunci, marubuci, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a | known_for = Kafa Cibiyar Bincike ta Yaqeen (Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research) | alma_mater = International Islamic University Malaysia }} '''Omar Suleiman''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1986) malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, limami, marubuci kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a. Ya shahara ne a matsayin wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban '''Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research''', wata cibiyar bincike da ke mayar da hankali kan ilimin Musulunci da al'amuran Musulmai a duniya. Haka kuma yana aiki a matsayin malamin addini a Valley Ranch Islamic Center da ke jihar Texas a Amurka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Omar Suleiman |url=https://yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman |publisher=Yaqeen Institute |access-date=2 Yuni 2026 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305105952/https://yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Omar Suleiman a birnin New Orleans na jihar Louisiana, Amurka, cikin iyali mai asalin Falasɗinu. Tun yana matashi ya fara karatun ilimin Musulunci, inda ya yi karatu a ƙasashe daban-daban da suka haɗa da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Jordan da Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Omar Suleiman - Instructor Profile |url=https://www.almaghrib.org/instructors/omar-suleiman |publisher=AlMaghrib Institute |access-date=2 Yuni 2026 |archive-date=2026-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602151113/https://www.almaghrib.org/instructors/omar-suleiman |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya samu digiri a fannin '''Islamic Law''' (Shari'ar Musulunci) da kuma '''Accounting'''. Haka kuma ya yi digirin digirgir na biyu (Master's Degree) a fannin '''Islamic Finance''' da '''Political History'''. Daga baya ya kammala karatun digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin '''Islamic Thought and Civilization''' a Jami'ar International Islamic University Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Omar Suleiman - Education and Biography |url=https://www.almaghrib.org/instructors/omar-suleiman |publisher=AlMaghrib Institute |access-date=2 Yuni 2026 |archive-date=2026-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602151113/https://www.almaghrib.org/instructors/omar-suleiman |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan addini == Omar Suleiman ya yi aiki a matsayin limamin '''Jefferson Muslim Association''' a jihar Louisiana na tsawon shekaru da dama. Bayan aukuwar guguwar Katrina a shekarar 2005, ya jagoranci ayyukan tallafawa waɗanda bala'in ya shafa ta hanyar shirin '''Muslims for Humanity'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Omar Suleiman Biography |url=https://www.almaghrib.org/instructors/omar-suleiman |publisher=AlMaghrib Institute |access-date=2 Yuni 2026 |archive-date=2026-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602151113/https://www.almaghrib.org/instructors/omar-suleiman |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2016 ya kafa '''Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research''', cibiyar da ke gudanar da bincike da wallafa bayanai kan addinin Musulunci da zamantakewar Musulmai. Cibiyar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin binciken Musulunci a Arewacin Amurka.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Yaqeen Institute? |url=https://yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman/intro-to-yaqeen-institute-for-islamic-research/ |publisher=Yaqeen Institute |access-date=2 Yuni 2026}}</ref> Baya ga haka, ya kasance malami mai gabatar da darussa da laccoci a fannoni daban-daban na ilimin Musulunci, musamman tarihin Annabi Muhammad (SAW), akida, da kuma batutuwan zamantakewa. == Fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a == Omar Suleiman ya yi suna wajen shiga harkokin kare haƙƙin jama'a da kuma tattaunawar addinai daban-daban a Amurka. Ya kasance cikin shugabannin addinai da suka yi kira ga adalci da zaman lafiya bayan wasu rikice-rikice da suka faru a Amurka. Haka kuma ya yi aiki wajen wayar da kai game da matsalolin Musulmai da yaƙi da nuna ƙyama ga Musulunci (Islamophobia).<ref>{{cite news |title=Google Search Is Doing Irreparable Harm To Muslims |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/google-search-islamophobia_n_594d8478e4b0da2c731a74d2 |work=HuffPost |date=24 Yuni 2017 |access-date=2 Yuni 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kuma yi ayyuka da dama na taimakawa 'yan gudun hijirar Siriya tare da ƙungiyoyin agaji daban-daban.<ref>{{cite web |title=Perspective on Syrian Refugees - Imam Omar Suleiman |url=https://yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman/in-the-news-perspective-on-syrian-refugees-imam-omar-suleiman/ |publisher=Yaqeen Institute |access-date=2 Yuni 2026}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == Daga cikin fitattun littattafan da ya wallafa akwai: * ''Prayers of the Pious'' (2019) * ''Allah Loves...'' (2020) * ''Repentance: Breaking Habits of Sin'' (2020) * ''40 on Justice: The Prophetic Voice on Social Reform'' (2021) * ''Angels in Your Presence'' (2021) * ''Meeting Muhammad'' (2022) * ''Wings of Faith: Patience and Gratitude'' (2022) == Karramawa == An karrama Omar Suleiman da lambobin yabo daban-daban saboda ayyukansa na hidimar al'umma, tattaunawar addinai da kuma kare haƙƙin jama'a. Haka kuma an saka sunansa cikin jerin '''The Muslim 500''', wadda ke lissafa Musulmai mafi tasiri a duniya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Omar Suleiman |url=https://yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman |publisher=Yaqeen Institute |access-date=2 Yuni 2026 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305105952/https://yaqeeninstitute.org/omar-suleiman |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://yaqeeninstitute.org Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research] * [https://www.almaghrib.org/instructors/omar-suleiman AlMaghrib Institute Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260602151113/https://www.almaghrib.org/instructors/omar-suleiman |date=2026-06-02 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Suleiman, Omar}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American imams]] [[Category:American Muslims]] [[Category:Muslim scholars]] [[Category:Writers]] [[Category:Human rights activists]] i5xq056g09z1bdv6c394ojrreqenm2s 0 154221 889214 845385 2026-07-30T01:32:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Olabode Olutoyin Olanipekun | honorific_suffix = SAN | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer | alma_mater = University of Lagos; Nigerian Law School; University of Wales, Swansea | known_for = Litigation, Commercial Law, Dispute Resolution | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria | years_active = 2006–present | employer = Wole Olanipekun & Co. | parents = Wole Olanipekun, SAN }} '''Olabode Olutoyin Olanipekun''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Bode Olanipekun, SAN''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma Babban Lauyan Najeriya (Senior Advocate of Nigeria – SAN). Ya shahara wajen gudanar da manyan shari'o'in kasuwanci, rikice-rikicen kasuwanci, da kuma harkokin sasanci da warware takaddama a kotuna daban-daban na Najeriya. An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun lauyoyin ƙarni na matasa a Najeriya bayan samun matsayin SAN cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan kiran sa zuwa mashaya lauya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.woleolanipekun.com/bode-olanipekun-san/ |title=Bode Olanipekun, SAN – Profile |publisher=Wole Olanipekun & Co. |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Olabode Olutoyin Olanipekun ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a Makarantar '''Olashore International School''' da ke Jihar Osun. Daga bisani ya samu digirin farko a fannin shari'a (LL.B) daga Jami'ar Legas (University of Lagos), sannan ya halarci Makarantar Horar da Lauyoyi ta Najeriya (Nigerian Law School). Ya kuma samu digirin digirgir na biyu (LL.M) a fannin Dokokin Kasuwanci da Harkokin Ruwa na Duniya daga Jami'ar Wales da ke Swansea a Birtaniya. Haka kuma ya halarci shirye-shiryen ƙwarewa na makarantar shari'a ta Harvard Law School kan shugabanci a ofisoshin lauyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.woleolanipekun.com/bode-olanipekun-san/ |title=Bode Olanipekun, SAN – Education and Training |publisher=Wole Olanipekun & Co. |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Sana'ar lauya == Olanipekun ya fara aikin lauya a shekarar 2006, inda ya mayar da hankali kan shari'o'in kasuwanci, rikice-rikicen kamfanoni, da kuma warware takaddama tsakanin manyan kamfanoni. Ya wakilci abokan hulɗa a gaban manyan kotuna na Najeriya, ciki har da Kotun Ƙoli, Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara, da manyan kotunan tarayya da na jihohi. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da harkokin mai da iskar gas, sadarwa, makamashi, gine-gine, da kadarori.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.woleolanipekun.com/bode-olanipekun-san/ |title=Bode Olanipekun, SAN – Legal Practice |publisher=Wole Olanipekun & Co. |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> An ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' bayan shekaru goma sha biyu kacal da kiran sa zuwa mashaya lauya, abin da ya sanya shi cikin matasan lauyoyin da suka samu wannan matsayi a shekarar da aka ba shi lambar yabo. Wannan nasara ta ƙara tabbatar da matsayinsa a cikin fitattun lauyoyin Najeriya masu tasiri a fannin shari'a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.woleolanipekun.com/bode-olanipekun-san/ |title=Bode Olanipekun, SAN – Professional Profile |publisher=Wole Olanipekun & Co. |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Gudummawa da ayyukan jin ƙai == A shekarar 2025, Olanipekun ya ba da gudummawar gina cibiyar kula da marasa lafiya ta motsa jiki (Physiotherapy Centre) a Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas (LUTH) domin karrama mahaifinsa, fitaccen lauya '''Chief Wole Olanipekun, SAN'''. A yayin ƙaddamar da cibiyar, ya bayyana cewa sha'awarsa ga aikin lauya ta samo asali ne daga yadda yake kallon mahaifinsa yana gabatar da hujjoji a kotu cikin ƙwarewa da hikima.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://heritagenewsng.com/what-attracted-me-into-legal-profession-bode-olanipekun-reveals/ |title=What Attracted Me Into Legal Profession – Bode Olanipekun Reveals |publisher=Heritage News |date=2025-07-27 |access-date=2026-06-02 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Iyali == Olabode Olutoyin Olanipekun ɗa ne ga fitaccen lauya kuma tsohon Shugaban Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya (NBA), '''Chief Wole Olanipekun, CFR, OFR, SAN'''. Iyalin Olanipekun sun yi suna sosai a harkar shari'a a Najeriya, inda mambobi da dama daga cikin iyalin suka zama lauyoyi da manyan lauyoyi masu matsayi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://marriedcelebrity.com/wole-olanipekun-san/ |title=Is Wole Olanipekun, SAN Married? |publisher=Married Celebrity |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Mambobinsa == Olabode Olanipekun memba ne na: * Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) * International Bar Association (IBA) * Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (CIArb) <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.woleolanipekun.com/bode-olanipekun-san/ |title=Bode Olanipekun, SAN – Memberships |publisher=Wole Olanipekun & Co. |access-date=2026-06-02}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:University of Lagos alumni]] [[Category:Nigerian legal practitioners]] 0zv47fpdm6ie4du8nv8jrmb5w11njr4 0 154228 889306 845396 2026-07-30T08:24:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Paul Adefarasin | image = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|1|25}} | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Fasto, marubuci, mai wa'azi | spouse = Ifeanyi Adefarasin | children = 3 | known_for = Wanda ya kafa House on the Rock Church da kuma shirya taron The Experience }} '''Paul Adeolu Adefarasin''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1963) fasto ne ɗan Najeriya, mai wa'azi kuma wanda ya kafa cocin '''House on the Rock''', wata babbar coci mai rassa a Najeriya da wasu ƙasashe na Afirka da Turai.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Adefarasin at 60 – Encomiums for the ‘builder of nation builders’ |url=https://businessday.ng/interview/article/adefarasin-at-60-encomiums-for-the-builder-of-nation-builders/ |work=BusinessDay |date=2023-02-06}}</ref> Ya kuma shahara a matsayin mai shirya taron waƙoƙin bishara na shekara-shekara mai suna '''The Experience''', wanda ke haɗa mawakan bishara daga Najeriya da sauran sassan duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Convener – Paul Adefarasin |url=https://theexperiencelagos.com/theexperience/theconvener/ |website=The Experience Lagos}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Paul Adefarasin a Najeriya a shekarar 1963. Ya yi karatunsa na farko a St. Saviour's School da Igbobi College kafin ya ci gaba da karatu a ƙasashen waje. Daga baya ya yi karatun gine-gine (Architecture) a Jami'ar Miami da ke Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Adefarasin – Founder and Metropolitan Senior Pastor |url=https://theorg.com/org/house-on-the-rock/org-chart/paul-adefarasin |website=The Org}}</ref> == Aikin addini == Bayan dawowarsa Najeriya, Adefarasin ya kafa cocin '''House on the Rock''' a shekarar 1994 a Legas. Cocin ta bunƙasa daga ƙaramin taro zuwa babbar ƙungiyar addini mai rassa da dama a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House on the Rock History |url=https://houseontherock.org.ng/home-for-all/about-us/ |website=House on the Rock |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-date=2025-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250420195111/https://houseontherock.org.ng/home-for-all/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban faston cocin, ya mayar da hankali kan koyarwar Kiristanci, jagoranci da ci gaban al'umma. Haka kuma ya kafa '''The Rock Foundation''', wata gidauniyar agaji da ke tallafawa harkokin lafiya, ilimi da taimakon al'umma.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why our education sector continues to nosedive – Adefarasin |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/why-our-education-sector-continues-to-nosedive-adefarasin/ |work=Vanguard News |date=2013-04-18}}</ref> == The Experience == A shekarar 2006, Adefarasin ya ƙaddamar da taron bishara na '''The Experience''', wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tarukan waƙoƙin bishara mafi girma a duniya. Taron yana gudana a Legas kuma yana jawo dubban masu halarta daga sassa daban-daban na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Convener – Paul Adefarasin |url=https://theexperiencelagos.com/theexperience/theconvener/ |website=The Experience Lagos}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == Paul Adefarasin ya rubuta littattafai da dama kan jagoranci, bangaskiya da ci gaban mutum. Daga cikin littattafansa akwai: * ''Something Is About to Happen'' * ''Change Your World'' * ''The Call for a Performing Generation'' * ''Hope on the Go''<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Convener – Paul Adefarasin |url=https://theexperiencelagos.com/theexperience/theconvener/ |website=The Experience Lagos}}</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Paul Adefarasin ya auri '''Ifeanyi Adefarasin''' a shekarar 1995. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku kuma suna aiki tare wajen jagorantar House on the Rock da ayyukan jinƙai na cocin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – House on the Rock |url=https://houseontherock.org.ng/home-for-all/about-us/ |website=House on the Rock |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-date=2025-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250420195111/https://houseontherock.org.ng/home-for-all/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://houseontherock.org.ng/ House on the Rock] * [https://theexperiencelagos.com/ The Experience Lagos] {{DEFAULTSORT:Adefarasin, Paul}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian Pentecostal pastors]] [[Category:Nigerian Christian clergy]] [[Category:Nigerian philanthropists]] [[Category:Nigerian writers]] [[Category:People from Lagos]] 5wnzmfsnsdr6hi3f4iwxjbm7i8oy3ec 0 154234 889103 863541 2026-07-29T18:10:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nfiss''' (Arabic, Faransanci, Oued N'Fis, wanda kuma ake kira Wād Nafīs a cikin tsofaffin wallafe-wallafen) yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu ba da gudummawa ga [[Kogin Tensift|Tensift]] a kudu maso yammacin Morocco . Tsawonta kusan kilomita 183.<ref name="Sous">{{Cite web |title=Diagnostic Du Sous-Bassin de N'Fis |trans-title=Diagnosis of the N'Fis Sub-basin |url=http://conventiongire.lifemoz-dev.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/ftp/BVs/RapportsSousBVs/4%20Fiche%20sommaire%20FINAL%20draft%20Nfis_2016_06_08-AM-PB-cj.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226064337/http://conventiongire.lifemoz-dev.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/ftp/BVs/RapportsSousBVs/4%20Fiche%20sommaire%20FINAL%20draft%20Nfis_2016_06_08-AM-PB-cj.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |access-date=November 18, 2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Nfiss ya tashi a tsawo na kimanin {{Convert|2900|m|ft}} m (9,500 a gefen gabas na 3,350 m-high Jbel Tichka a cikin High Atlas. Da farko yana gudana zuwa gabas zuwa Tizi n'Tichka Pass kafin ya juya arewa kuma a ƙarshe ya kwarara cikin Tensift kusan kilomita 25 a yammacin [[Marrakesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-26 |title=The High Atlas Travel Guide |url=https://www.roughguides.com/morocco/high-atlas/ |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=Rough Guides}}</ref> == Ilimin ruwa == An auna fitar da Nfiss a tashar I.E. Hammam (1966-1998) a cikin m3/s.<ref name="jica">{{Cite web |title=Etude du Plan Directeur Sur le Systeme de Prevision et D'alerte Aux Crues pour la Region de L'atlas au Royaume du Maroc |trans-title=Master Plan Study on the Flood Forecasting and Warning System for the Atlas Region in the Kingdom of Morocco |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11750874_04.PDF |access-date=November 18, 2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == Nfiss, tare da tafkunan ruwa guda biyu da sauran barga da yawa, da farko suna samar da ruwan sha da ban ruwa ga birnin Marrakesh da ƙauyuka da ke kewaye. Tare da sau da yawa a saman bankunan, yawan mutanen [[Abzinawa|Berber]] na cikin gida suna iyakance aikin gona; kiwon dabbobi (tumaki da awaki) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref> {{Cite web |date=2024-03-10 |title=Lake Lalla Takerkoust: A Jewel at the Gates of Marrakech |url=https://immersi-travel.com/en/lake-lalla-takerkoust/ |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=ImmersiTravel}} </ref> == Dams == * Dam din Lalla Takerkoust (kimanin kilomita 40 a kudancin Marrakesh) * Yacoub El Mansour Dam (kimanin kilomita 60 a kudancin Marrakesh kusa da Ouirgane) == Tarihi == A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, ƙabilar Berber Goundafa ce ke sarrafa kwarin Nfiss, waɗanda suka gina ɗakunan ajiya da yawa (kasbahs), gami da Agadir n'Gouf kusa da Ijoukak. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-20 |title=Morocco's Tin Mal Mosque and the Gandoufa Valley |url=https://moroccotravelblog.com/2012/10/20/moroccos-tin-mal-mosque-and-the-gandoufa-valley-your-morocco-tour-guide/ |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=Morocco Travel Blog |archive-date=2021-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031133720/https://moroccotravelblog.com/2012/10/20/moroccos-tin-mal-mosque-and-the-gandoufa-valley-your-morocco-tour-guide/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gidaje a kan kogi == * Tinmal * Ijoukak * Ouirgane * Lalla Takerkoust <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Ourigane Morocco's Untouched Berber Villages & Jewish Past |url=https://moroccotravelblog.com/2020/01/03/ourigane-moroccos-untouched-berber-villages-jewish-past/ |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=Morocco Travel Blog |archive-date=2025-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251201052538/https://moroccotravelblog.com/2020/01/03/ourigane-moroccos-untouched-berber-villages-jewish-past/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa == * Yankin dutse na saman Nfiss yana ba da abubuwan jan hankali da yawa. Daga Ijoukak, tafiye-tafiye na rana ko tafiye-tallace na kwana da yawa suna yiwuwa; Agadir n'Gouf yana tsaye a kan tudu sama da ƙauyen.<ref name=":0" /> * Ƙananan ƙauyen dutsen Berber na Tinmal, kimanin kilomita 6 zuwa kudu maso yamma, gida ne ga Masallaci Almohad wanda ke buɗewa ga baƙi marasa Musulmi. Ana iya isa ta da ƙafa (kimanin kilomita 1) daga hanyar R203 ta hanyar gada da ta lalace akai-akai ko gada. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Maroko]] kz9lgixa7qqqd8p1cj30oub8t814pn5 0 154535 889165 846218 2026-07-29T20:32:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nkwegu Luke Ogbagaegwu | image = | caption = Nigerian lawyer and Senior Advocate of Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | citizenship = Nigeria | occupation = Lawyer | known_for = Legal practice and advocacy | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) | alma_mater = | years_active = | hometown = Izzi, Ebonyi State, Nigeria }} '''Nkwegu Luke Ogbagaegwu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi fice a harkar shari'a a Jihar Ebonyi. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun lauyoyin da suka wakilci abokan hulɗarsu a manyan shari'o'i a kotunan Najeriya, musamman a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin ƙasar. Ya samu karɓuwa a fagen shari'a sakamakon gogewarsa a aikin lauya da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar wajen bunƙasa harkokin adalci a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ebonyi Lawyers Luke Nkwegu and Fidelis Iteshi Inaugurated as Senior Advocates of Nigeria |url=https://enn.ng/2025/07/25/ebonyi-lawyers-luke-nkwegu-and-fidelis-iteshi-inaugurated-as-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |work=Ebonyi News Network |date=25 July 2025 |access-date=3 June 2026}}</ref> An haifi Nkwegu Luke Ogbagaegwu ne daga ƙabilar Izzi da ke Jihar Ebonyi. A tsawon shekarunsa na aikin lauya, ya samu suna wajen gudanar da shari'o'i daban-daban tare da kare haƙƙin abokan hulɗarsa a kotuna. Masu bibiyar harkokin shari'a a jihar sun bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka matsayin sana'ar lauya a Ebonyi da ma Najeriya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ebonyi Lawyers Luke Nkwegu and Fidelis Iteshi Inaugurated as Senior Advocates of Nigeria |url=https://enn.ng/2025/07/25/ebonyi-lawyers-luke-nkwegu-and-fidelis-iteshi-inaugurated-as-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |work=Ebonyi News Network |date=25 July 2025 |access-date=3 June 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Kwamitin Ba da Lambar Girma ga Lauyoyi na Najeriya (Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee – LPPC) ya sanya sunansa cikin jerin lauyoyin da aka tantance domin samun lambar girmamawa ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan mataki ya nuna irin matsayin da ya kai a fannin shari'a da kuma amincewar da masana harkar shari'a suka yi da ƙwarewarsa.<ref>{{cite news |title=2025 SAN shortlist: LPPC nominates 15 Law professors, 57 advocates |url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/06/18/2025-san-shortlist-lppc-nominates-15-law-professors-57-advocates/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=18 June 2025 |access-date=3 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SEE LIST: LPPC shortlists 72 lawyers for rank of SAN in 2025 |url=https://thenewsguru.ng/news/see-list-lppc-shortlists-72-lawyers-for-rank-of-san-in-2025/ |work=TheNewsGuru |date=2025 |access-date=3 June 2026}}</ref> Daga bisani, an naɗa shi cikin jerin sabbin '''Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN)''' bayan kammala dukkan matakan tantancewa. Naɗin nasa ya kasance abin alfahari ga mutanen Jihar Ebonyi, musamman ma al'ummar Izzi, inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun lauyoyin yankin da suka kai wannan matsayi mai girma a aikin lauya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ebonyi Lawyers Luke Nkwegu and Fidelis Iteshi Inaugurated as Senior Advocates of Nigeria |url=https://enn.ng/2025/07/25/ebonyi-lawyers-luke-nkwegu-and-fidelis-iteshi-inaugurated-as-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |work=Ebonyi News Network |date=25 July 2025 |access-date=3 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=57 Lawyers Elevated To Senior Advocates of Nigeria (Full List) |url=https://www.tori.ng/news/308517/57-lawyers-elevated-to-senior-advocates-of-nigeria.html |work=Tori News |date=2025 |access-date=3 June 2026}}</ref> A wasu shari'o'in siyasa da suka ja hankalin jama'a a Ebonyi, Nkwegu ya bayyana a matsayin lauya mai wakiltar ɓangarori daban-daban. A shekarar 2020 ya jagoranci wasu lauyoyi wajen gabatar da korafi kan jinkirin aika bayanan shari'a zuwa Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara, lamarin da ya jawo muhawara a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki a harkar shari'a. Haka kuma ya wakilci wasu fitattun mutane a shari'o'in da suka shafi siyasa da harkokin jama'a a jihar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Lawyers Protested Against Judiciary In Ebonyi |url=https://dailytrust.com/why-lawyers-protested-again-against-judiciary-in-ebonyi/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2020 |access-date=3 June 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ebonyi PDP's spokesperson slumps in court |url=https://www.theconclaveng.com/ebonyi-pdps-spokesperson-slumps-in-court/ |work=The Conclave |date=2022 |access-date=3 June 2026 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823162343/https://www.theconclaveng.com/ebonyi-pdps-spokesperson-slumps-in-court/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Samun lambar SAN ya ƙara tabbatar da matsayinsa a cikin fitattun lauyoyin Najeriya. Masana harkar shari'a da jami'an gwamnati sun yaba da ƙoƙarinsa, suna mai cewa nasarar da ya samu ta zama abin ƙarfafawa ga matasan lauyoyi daga Ebonyi da sauran sassan Najeriya masu burin kaiwa manyan matakai a sana'ar lauya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ebonyi Lawyers Luke Nkwegu and Fidelis Iteshi Inaugurated as Senior Advocates of Nigeria |url=https://enn.ng/2025/07/25/ebonyi-lawyers-luke-nkwegu-and-fidelis-iteshi-inaugurated-as-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |work=Ebonyi News Network |date=25 July 2025 |access-date=3 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} to8z9ll35ud6exk11hgx15lkghfs86m 0 154677 888940 846651 2026-07-29T13:12:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 888940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cutar rashin kulawa ta hankali''' ('''CDS''') cuta ce da ke nuna rashin daidaituwa, rashin inganci, da kuma ci gaba da matakan sarrafa hankali daga yanayin waje da ke gudana da kuma sakamakon hypoactivity. Alamomin sau da yawa suna bayyana a cikin matsaloli tare da kallon, ɓarkewar hankali, rashin tunani, rikicewar hankali, da rashin daidaituwa tare da jinkirin motsi, ko jinkirin motci.<ref name=":12" /> Ga masana kimiyya a fagen, ya kai ƙofar shaidu da ganewa a matsayin cuta ta musamman.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1798, wallafe-wallafen kiwon lafiya game da cututtukan kulawa sun bambanta tsakanin akalla nau'o'i biyu: ɗayan rikicewar jan hankali, rashin kulawa mai ɗorewa, da ƙarancin hanawa (wanda yanzu aka sani da [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|ADHD]]), ɗayan kuma rikicewar ƙarancin iko, farkawa, ko kulawa / zaɓaɓɓu (wanda yanzu ake kira CDS). Kodayake rashin kulawa yana da alaƙa da yanayin biyu, CDS ya bambanta da ADHD. Ba kamar ADHD ba, wanda shine sakamakon rashin aiki na zartarwa da kuma kula da kai, <ref>{{Citation|journal=Jack A.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cecil CA, Nigg JT |date=November 2022 |title=Epigenetics and ADHD: Reflections on Current Knowledge, Research Priorities and Translational Potential |journal=Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=581–606 |doi=10.1007/s40291-022-00609-y |pmc=7613776 |pmid=35933504}}</ref> CDS yana gabatar da matsaloli a cikin farkawa, mafarki mara kyau, da daidaitawa ko kulawa mai zaɓaɓɓu (banbanta abin da ke da mahimmanci daga rashin mahimmanci a cikin bayanan da dole ne a sarrafa su da sauri), kamar yadda ya saba da rashin daidaituwa ko kulawa mai ɗorewa, hanawa, da kuma aikin zartarwa gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362840930}}</ref> A cikin saitunan ilimi, CDS yana haifar da raguwar daidaito na aiki, yayin da ADHD ke lalata yawan aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=2023-06-01 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> CDS kuma na iya faruwa a matsayin cuta tare da ADHD a wasu mutane, wanda ke haifar da raunin da ya fi girma fiye da lokacin da kowanne yanayin ya faru shi kaɗai. A cikin kimiyya ta zamani a yau, a bayyane yake cewa wannan saitin alamomi yana da mahimmanci saboda yana da alaƙa da raunin musamman, sama da bayan ADHD. CDS da kansa yana da mummunar tasiri akan aiki (kamar rage ingancin rayuwa, <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Martha A. Combs |display-authors=etal |year=2014 |title=Impact of SCT and ADHD Symptoms on Adults' Quality of Life |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258406568 |journal=Applied Research in Quality of Life |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=981–995 |doi=10.1007/s11482-013-9281-3 |s2cid=49480261}}</ref> karuwar damuwa, da halayyar kashe kansa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Holdaway |first2=Alex S. |last3=Luebbe |first3=Aaron M. |date=2018 |title=Suicidal Behaviors in College Students: Frequency, Sex Differences, and Mental Health Correlates Including Sluggish Cognitive Tempo |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=181–188 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.013 |pmc=6118121 |pmid=30153929}}</ref> da kuma karamin ilimi da matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ). CDS yana da dacewa a asibiti kamar yadda gwaje-gwaje masu sarrafawa na asibiti (RCTs) da yawa suka nuna cewa ba ya amsawa sosai ga methylphenidate.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Fırat |first=Sumeyra |date=2020 |title=An Open-Label Trial of Methylphenidate Treating Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Inattention, and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms Among 6- to 12-Year-Old ADHD Children: What Are the Predictors of Treatment Response at Home and School? |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1087054720902846 |journal=Journal of Attention Disorders |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1321–1330 |doi=10.1177/1087054720902846 |pmid=32064995 |s2cid=211134241 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Froehlich |first=Tanya E. |last2=Becker |first2=Stephen P. |last3=Nick |first3=Todd G. |last4=Brinkman |first4=William B. |last5=Stein |first5=Mark A. |last6=Peugh |first6=James |last7=Epstein |first7=Jeffery N. |date=2018 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as a Possible Predictor of Methylphenidate Response in Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=79 |issue=2 |doi=10.4088/JCP.17m11553 |issn=1555-2101 |pmc=6558969 |pmid=29489078}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkley |first=R. A. |last2=DuPaul |first2=G. J. |last3=McMurray |first3=M. B. |date=April 1991 |title=Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate |journal=Pediatrics |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=519–531 |doi=10.1542/peds.87.4.519 |issn=0031-4005 |pmid=2011430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Concentration Deficit Disorder (Sluggish Cognitive Tempo) |url=https://www.peterraabe.ca/docs/SCT_Barkley.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525100100/http://www.peterraabe.ca/docs/SCT_Barkley.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-25}}</ref> Da farko, an yi tunanin CDS yana wakiltar kusan mutum ɗaya cikin uku tare da gabatarwar ADHD, <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Caryn Carlson, Miranda Mann |year=2002 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Predicts a Different Pattern of Impairment in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11514939 |journal=Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.1207/S15374424JCCP3101_14 |pmid=11845644 |s2cid=6212568}}</ref> a matsayin kuskuren ganewar asali, kuma ba zai dace da hyperactivity ba. Bincike na gaba ya tabbatar da cewa yana iya zama tare da ADHD - kuma yana cikin mutane ba tare da ADHD ba. Sabili da haka, kuma saboda wasu layin shaidu da yawa, akwai [[Yarjejeniyar kimiyya]] cewa yanayin cuta ce ta musamman.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> Idan CDS da ADHD suna tare, matsalolin suna da ƙari: waɗanda ke da yanayin biyu suna da matakan raunin da rashin kulawa fiye da manya da ke da ADHD kawai <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silverstein |first=Michael J. |date=2019 |title=The Characteristics and Unique Impairments of Comorbid Adult ADHD and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: An Interim Analysis |url=https://journals.healio.com/doi/10.3928/00485713-20190905-01 |journal=Psychiatric Annals |volume=49 |issue=10 |pages=457–465 |doi=10.3928/00485713-20190905-01 |s2cid=208396893 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> kuma suna iya zama marasa aure, ba tare da aiki ba, ko kuma suna da'awar fa'idodin nakasa. CDS kadai yana cikin yawan jama'a kuma yana iya zama mai rauni sosai a cikin saitunan ilimi da sana'a, koda kuwa ba shi da rauni sosai kamar ADHD. Nazarin kan jiyya yana da iyaka. Koyaya, bincike ya nuna cewa atomoxetine<ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Becker SP, Willcutt EG, Leopold DR, Fredrick JW, Smith ZR, Jacobson LA, Burns GL, Mayes SD, Waschbusch DA, Froehlich TE, McBurnett K, Servera M, Barkley RA |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McBurnett K, Clemow D, Williams D, Villodas M, Wietecha L, Barkley R |date=February 2017 |title=Atomoxetine-Related Change in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Is Partially Independent of Change in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattentive Symptoms |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=38–42 |doi=10.1089/cap.2016.0115 |pmid=27845858}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bleazard |first=Ryan |last2=Leclercq |first2=Sébastien |last3=Perry |first3=William |last4=Holtmann |first4=Lee |last5=Devaraj |first5=Alan |last6=Powner |first6=Daniel |display-authors=1 |date=January 2024 |title=Response to Ribeiro et al. (2023) – the analysis is in fact flawed |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380153312}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wietecha L, Williams D, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Hooper SR, Wigal SB, Dunn D, McBurnett K |date=November 2013 |title=Atomoxetine improved attention in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia in a 16 week, acute, randomized, double-blind trial |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=605–613 |doi=10.1089/cap.2013.0054 |pmc=3842866 |pmid=24206099}}</ref> da lisdexamfetamine<ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adler |first=Lenard A. |last2=Leon |first2=Terry L. |last3=Sardoff |first3=Taylor M. |last4=Krone |first4=Beth |last5=Faraone |first5=Stephen V. |last6=Silverstein |first6=Michael J. |last7=Newcorn |first7=Jeffrey H. |date=2021-06-29 |title=A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lisdexamfetamine in the Treatment of Comorbid Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Adult ADHD |url=https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/a-placebo-controlled-trial-of-lisdexamfetamine-in-the-treatment-of-comorbid-sluggish-cognitive-tempo-and-adult-adhd/ |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |language=English |volume=82 |issue=4 |page=34965 |doi=10.4088/JCP.20m13687 |issn=0160-6689 |pmid=34232582 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> yadda ya kamata su rage alamun sa kuma ta haka ne za a iya amfani da su don magance CDS. A baya an kira yanayin sluggish cognitive tempo ('''SCT'''). Kalmomin rikice-rikice na maida hankali ('''CDD''') ko ciwon rikice-rikicen hankali ('''CDS''') kwanan nan an fi son su zuwa SCT saboda sun fi dacewa da kuma bayyana yanayin daidai kuma ta haka ne suka kawar da rikicewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa |last7=Burns |first7=G Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell |date=21 August 2022 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=[[Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry]] |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=S0890–8567(22)01246-1 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816 |s2cid=251749516 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Alamomi da alamomi == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background-color: #CCEEEE;" |Alamun CDS (Manufar bincike na ''Farko'') [ana buƙatar ambaton]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2025}} |- |<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css" />{{Col-begin}} | width="50%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"| * Prone to daydreaming * Easily confused or mentally foggy * Spacey or inattentive to surroundings * Mind seems to be elsewhere * Stares blankly into space * Underactive, slow moving or sluggish * Lethargic or less energetic | width="50%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"| * Trouble staying awake or alert * Has drowsy or sleepy appearance * Gets lost in own thoughts * Apathetic or withdrawn, less engaged in activities * Loses train of thought or cognitive set * Processes information less quickly or accurately {{Col-end}} |} === Halin zamantakewa === A hanyoyi da yawa, waɗanda ke da bayanin martaba na CDS suna da waje alamun da suka saba da waɗanda ke da yawanci hyperactive-impulsive ko haɗuwa da gabatarwar ADHD: maimakon kasancewa mai saurin aiki, mai saurin kai, mai saukin kai, da masu ɗaukar haɗari, waɗanda ke fama da CDS suna yawo, marasa hankali, marasa hankali. Suna jin kamar suna "a cikin haɗe" kuma suna kama da "daga ciki". Matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa sau da yawa suna da alaƙa da CDS galibi suna cikin nau'ikan ciki, kamar damuwa, rashin farin ciki, ko baƙin ciki.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Caryn Carlson, Miranda Mann |year=2002 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Predicts a Different Pattern of Impairment in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11514939 |journal=Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.1207/S15374424JCCP3101_14 |pmid=11845644 |s2cid=6212568}}</ref> Mafi daidaituwa a duk faɗin karatu shine tsari na jinkiri da janyewar zamantakewa a cikin hulɗa tare da takwarorinsu. Yanayensu na jin kunya da jinkirin amsawa sau da yawa ana fassara su da kuskure a matsayin nisantawa ko rashin son kai daga wasu. A cikin hulɗar ƙungiyoyin jama'a, waɗanda ke da CDS ana iya watsi da su kuma an yi watsi da su. Mutanen da ke da ADHD na gargajiya suna iya ƙin yarda da su a cikin waɗannan yanayi saboda tsinkaye na zamantakewa ko halayensu na tashin hankali. Idan aka kwatanta da yara da ke da CDS, suna iya nuna halayen rashin mutunci kamar cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi, rikicewar adawa, ko rikicewar halayyar (ƙaryaci, sata, fada da sauransu). Da ya dace, dangane da halin mutum, ADHD da alama ana danganta shi da hankali ga lada da neman nishaɗi yayin da CDS na iya danganta shi le hankali ga azabtarwa. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen P. Becker |display-authors=etal |year=2013 |title=Reward and punishment sensitivity are differentially associated with ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms in children |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256287832 |journal=Journal of Research in Personality |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=719–727 |doi=10.1016/j.jrp.2013.07.001}}</ref> === Rashin kulawa === Mutanen da ke da alamun CDS na iya nuna nau'ikan ƙarancin hankali daban-daban wanda ya fi dacewa da matsalar sarrafa bayanai ta gaskiya; kamar rashin mai da hankali kan cikakkun bayanai ko ikon rarrabe muhimmancin bayanai da sauri. Sabanin haka, mutanen da ke fama da ADHD suna da matsaloli tare da ci gaba da kulawa da aiki ga manufofi tare da rashin juriya ga mayar da hankali ga abubuwan da ke jan hankali. Ba kamar CDS ba, waɗanda ke da ADHD na gargajiya suna da matsaloli tare da hanawa amma ba su da wahalar zaɓar da tace shigarwar ji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weiler |first=Michael David |last2=Bernstein |first2=Jane Holmes |last3=Bellinger |first3=David |last4=Waber |first4=Deborah P. |year=2002 |title=Information Processing Deficits in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Inattentive Type, and Children with Reading Disability |journal=Journal of Learning Disabilities |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=449–462 |doi=10.1177/00222194020350050501 |pmid=15490541 |s2cid=35656571}}</ref> Wasu suna tunanin cewa CDS da ADHD suna haifar da nau'ikan rashin kulawa daban-daban: Duk da yake waɗanda ke da ADHD na iya mai da hankali amma sun kasa ci gaba da shi a tsawon lokaci, mutanen da ke da CDS suna da wahalar mai da hankali ga takamaiman aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mary V. Solanto |year=2007 |title=Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes |journal=Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=729–44 |doi=10.1007/s10802-007-9123-6 |pmc=2265203 |pmid=17629724 |quote=Differences between subtypes in cognitive tempo point to potentially important differences in the qualitative features of inattention, which suggest differences in etiology. Thus, whereas children with predominantly inattentive type (PI) appear to be slow to orient and slow to respond to cognitive and social stimuli in their immediate surroundings, children with combined type (CB) rapidly orient to novel external stimuli regardless of relevance. A series of studies in children who would now be classified as CB failed to identify deficits in the stimulus input stages of information-processing (Sergeant, 2005). The observably more sluggish orientation and response style of the child with PI by contrast, does suggest deficits in these early attentional processes.}}</ref> Dangane da haka, an sami ikon daidaita hankali a cikin CDS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Kiho |date=2020 |title=Normal executive attention but abnormal orienting attention in individuals with sluggish cognitive tempo |journal=International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=S1697260020300673 |doi=10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.08.003 |pmc=7753035 |pmid=33363582 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dukkanin cututtukan suna tsoma baki sosai tare da aikin ilimi amma suna iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi daban-daban. CDS na iya zama mafi matsala tare da daidaito na aikin da yaro ke yi a makaranta kuma yana haifar da yin ƙarin kurakurai. Sabanin haka, ADHD na iya shafar yawan aiki wanda ke wakiltar yawan aikin da aka yi a wani lokaci. Yara da ke da CDS suna da wahalar tunawa da abubuwan da aka koya a baya kuma suna yin kurakurai a gwajin dawo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya fiye da yara da ke da ADHD. An gano cewa suna yin mafi muni a kan gwaje-gwaje na tunanin mutum wanda ya shafi saurin motsi ko daidaitawa da sauri. Har ila yau, suna da tsarin tunani mai rikitarwa, mafi girman matsayi na rashin daidaituwa, kuma sun rasa abubuwa cikin sauƙi. Hadarin ƙarin nakasa na ilmantarwa yana da kama da juna a cikin ADHD da CDS (23-50%), amma rikice-rikicen lissafi na iya zama mafi yawa a cikin ƙungiyar CDS. Babban halayyar halayyar waɗanda ke da alamun CDS shine cewa suna iya bayyana ba su da motsawa kuma suna iya samun mafi girman yawan bacci na rana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen P. Becker |display-authors=etal |year=2014 |title=Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Dimensions and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms in Relation to College Students' Sleep Functioning |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260153858 |journal=Child Psychiatry & Human Development |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=675–685 |doi=10.1007/s10578-014-0436-8 |pmid=24515313 |s2cid=39379796}}</ref> Suna da alama ba su da kuzari don magance ayyukan duniya kuma saboda haka za su nemi su mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke motsa hankali watakila saboda Yanayin da ba shi da kyau. A madadin haka, CDS na iya haɗawa da nau'in cututtukan da ke wuce gona da iri. == Binciken ganewa == An haɗa CDS, tare da sunansa na baya na saurin fahimta, a matsayin mai bayyana bincike a cikin rarraba cututtukan duniya (ICD) na yanzu da aka saki a 2022 a ƙarƙashin [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#821852937}}</ref> Koyaya, ba a haɗa shi a matsayin rikice-rikice daban a cikin ICD ko Manual na Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (2013) kodayake yana iya kasancewa a cikin bugu na gaba; ga masana kimiyya a fagen, ya kai ƙofar shaidu da ganewa a matsayin cuta ta musamman <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> kuma wasu ayyukan ƙwararru sun gano shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Program {{!}} ADHD Center |url=https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/c/adhd/services/cds#:~:text=CDS%20includes%20a%20different%20set,slower%20to%20complete%20daily%20activities. |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=www.cincinnatichildrens.org}}</ref> An kirkiro kayan aikin tantancewa don tantance alamun CDS. Kodayake wasu alamun wasu yanayi suna da alaƙa da CDS, yanayi ne daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=1527-5418 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> == Magani == Ba a bincika maganin CDS sosai ba. An yi nazarin farko na magunguna ne kawai tare da maganin ADHD methylphenidate, har ma da yara waɗanda aka gano a matsayin ADD ba tare da hyperactivity ba (ta amfani da ka'idodin DSM-III) kuma ba musamman ga CDS ba. Binciken da alama ya gano cewa yawancin yara da ke da ADD (Rashin kulawa) tare da Hyperactivity (a halin yanzu haɗin haɗin ADHD) sun amsa da kyau a matsakaici zuwa manyan allurai.[1] Koyaya, yawancin yara da ke da ADD ba tare da hyperactivity ba (a halin yanzu gabatarwar rashin kulawa ta ADHD, saboda haka sakamakon na iya amfani da CDS) ba su sami fa'ida sosai daga methylphenidate ba, kuma lokacin da suka amfana, yana da ƙananan sashi.[2] Koyaya, wani binciken da kuma nazarin tarihin kiwon lafiya sun gano cewa kasancewar ko rashin alamun CDS ba su da bambanci wajen mayar da martani ga methylphenidate a cikin yara da ke da ADHD-I.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henrique T. Ludwig |year=2009 |title=Do Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms Predict Response to Methylphenidate in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder–Inattentive Type? |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=461–465 |doi=10.1089/cap.2008.0115 |pmid=19702499}}</ref> Wadannan binciken ba su bincika takamaiman ba kuma a bayyane suke nazarin tasirin maganin akan alamun CDS a cikin yara. Ana iya amfani da Atomoxetine don magance CDS, kamar yadda gwaje-gwaje masu sarrafawa na asibiti (RCTs) da yawa suka gano cewa magani ne mai tasiri. <ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Becker SP, Willcutt EG, Leopold DR, Fredrick JW, Smith ZR, Jacobson LA, Burns GL, Mayes SD, Waschbusch DA, Froehlich TE, McBurnett K, Servera M, Barkley RA |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McBurnett K, Clemow D, Williams D, Villodas M, Wietecha L, Barkley R |date=February 2017 |title=Atomoxetine-Related Change in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Is Partially Independent of Change in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattentive Symptoms |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=38–42 |doi=10.1089/cap.2016.0115 |pmid=27845858}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wietecha L, Williams D, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Hooper SR, Wigal SB, Dunn D, McBurnett K |date=November 2013 |title=Atomoxetine improved attention in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia in a 16 week, acute, randomized, double-blind trial |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=605–613 |doi=10.1089/cap.2013.0054 |pmc=3842866 |pmid=24206099}}</ref> Sabanin haka, wasu RCTs da yawa sun nuna cewa ba ya amsawa sosai ga methylphenidate.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fırat S, Gul H, Aysev A |date=July 2021 |title=An Open-Label Trial of Methylphenidate Treating Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Inattention, and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms Among 6- to 12-Year-Old ADHD Children: What Are the Predictors of Treatment Response at Home and School? |journal=Journal of Attention Disorders |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1321–1330 |doi=10.1177/1087054720902846 |pmid=32064995 |s2cid=211134241}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Froehlich TE, Becker SP, Nick TG, Brinkman WB, Stein MA, Peugh J, Epstein JN |date=2018 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as a Possible Predictor of Methylphenidate Response in Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=79 |issue=2 |doi=10.4088/JCP.17m11553 |pmc=6558969 |pmid=29489078}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Barkley RA, DuPaul GJ, McMurray MB |date=April 1991 |title=Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate |journal=Pediatrics |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=519–531 |doi=10.1542/peds.87.4.519 |pmid=2011430 |s2cid=23501657}}</ref> Bincike daya ne kawai ya bincika amfani da hanyoyin gyaran halayyar a gida da makaranta ga yara da ke da alamun CDS kuma ya sami nasara mai kyau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linda Pfiffner |year=2007 |title=A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Integrated Home-School Behavioral Treatment for ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Type |journal=J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=8 |pages=1041–1050 |doi=10.1097/chi.0b013e318064675f |pmid=17667482}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, The New York Times ta ba da rahoton cewa jinkirin hankali shine batun gwajin maganin asibiti na kamfanin magunguna, gami da wanda Eli Lilly ya ba da shawarar cewa ɗayan manyan magungunan sayarwa, Strattera, za a iya ba da umarni don magance alamun da aka tsara na jinkirin hankali. Sauran masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa babu ingantaccen magani ga CDS. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bnc0czch7kfsx3ibgff8bvuorpma2q7 888941 888940 2026-07-29T13:13:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 888941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cutar rashin kulawa ta hankali''' ('''CDS''') cuta ce da ke nuna rashin daidaituwa, rashin inganci, da kuma ci gaba da matakan sarrafa hankali daga yanayin waje da ke gudana da kuma sakamakon hypoactivity. Alamomin sau da yawa suna bayyana a cikin matsaloli tare da kallon, ɓarkewar hankali, rashin tunani, rikicewar hankali, da rashin daidaituwa tare da jinkirin motsi, ko jinkirin motci.<ref name=":12" /> Ga masana kimiyya a fagen, ya kai ƙofar shaidu da ganewa a matsayin cuta ta musamman.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1798, wallafe-wallafen kiwon lafiya game da cututtukan kulawa sun bambanta tsakanin akalla nau'o'i biyu: ɗayan rikicewar jan hankali, rashin kulawa mai ɗorewa, da ƙarancin hanawa (wanda yanzu aka sani da [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|ADHD]]), ɗayan kuma rikicewar ƙarancin iko, farkawa, ko kulawa / zaɓaɓɓu (wanda yanzu ake kira CDS). Kodayake rashin kulawa yana da alaƙa da yanayin biyu, CDS ya bambanta da ADHD. Ba kamar ADHD ba, wanda shine sakamakon rashin aiki na zartarwa da kuma kula da kai,<ref>{{Citation|journal=Jack A.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cecil CA, Nigg JT |date=November 2022 |title=Epigenetics and ADHD: Reflections on Current Knowledge, Research Priorities and Translational Potential |journal=Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=581–606 |doi=10.1007/s40291-022-00609-y |pmc=7613776 |pmid=35933504}}</ref> CDS yana gabatar da matsaloli a cikin farkawa, mafarki mara kyau, da daidaitawa ko kulawa mai zaɓaɓɓu (banbanta abin da ke da mahimmanci daga rashin mahimmanci a cikin bayanan da dole ne a sarrafa su da sauri), kamar yadda ya saba da rashin daidaituwa ko kulawa mai ɗorewa, hanawa, da kuma aikin zartarwa gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362840930}}</ref> A cikin saitunan ilimi, CDS yana haifar da raguwar daidaito na aiki, yayin da ADHD ke lalata yawan aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=2023-06-01 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> CDS kuma na iya faruwa a matsayin cuta tare da ADHD a wasu mutane, wanda ke haifar da raunin da ya fi girma fiye da lokacin da kowanne yanayin ya faru shi kaɗai. A cikin kimiyya ta zamani a yau, a bayyane yake cewa wannan saitin alamomi yana da mahimmanci saboda yana da alaƙa da raunin musamman, sama da bayan ADHD. CDS da kansa yana da mummunar tasiri akan aiki (kamar rage ingancin rayuwa, <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Martha A. Combs |display-authors=etal |year=2014 |title=Impact of SCT and ADHD Symptoms on Adults' Quality of Life |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258406568 |journal=Applied Research in Quality of Life |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=981–995 |doi=10.1007/s11482-013-9281-3 |s2cid=49480261}}</ref> karuwar damuwa, da halayyar kashe kansa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Holdaway |first2=Alex S. |last3=Luebbe |first3=Aaron M. |date=2018 |title=Suicidal Behaviors in College Students: Frequency, Sex Differences, and Mental Health Correlates Including Sluggish Cognitive Tempo |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=181–188 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.013 |pmc=6118121 |pmid=30153929}}</ref> da kuma karamin ilimi da matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ). CDS yana da dacewa a asibiti kamar yadda gwaje-gwaje masu sarrafawa na asibiti (RCTs) da yawa suka nuna cewa ba ya amsawa sosai ga methylphenidate.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Fırat |first=Sumeyra |date=2020 |title=An Open-Label Trial of Methylphenidate Treating Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Inattention, and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms Among 6- to 12-Year-Old ADHD Children: What Are the Predictors of Treatment Response at Home and School? |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1087054720902846 |journal=Journal of Attention Disorders |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1321–1330 |doi=10.1177/1087054720902846 |pmid=32064995 |s2cid=211134241 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Froehlich |first=Tanya E. |last2=Becker |first2=Stephen P. |last3=Nick |first3=Todd G. |last4=Brinkman |first4=William B. |last5=Stein |first5=Mark A. |last6=Peugh |first6=James |last7=Epstein |first7=Jeffery N. |date=2018 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as a Possible Predictor of Methylphenidate Response in Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=79 |issue=2 |doi=10.4088/JCP.17m11553 |issn=1555-2101 |pmc=6558969 |pmid=29489078}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkley |first=R. A. |last2=DuPaul |first2=G. J. |last3=McMurray |first3=M. B. |date=April 1991 |title=Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate |journal=Pediatrics |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=519–531 |doi=10.1542/peds.87.4.519 |issn=0031-4005 |pmid=2011430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Concentration Deficit Disorder (Sluggish Cognitive Tempo) |url=https://www.peterraabe.ca/docs/SCT_Barkley.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525100100/http://www.peterraabe.ca/docs/SCT_Barkley.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-25}}</ref> Da farko, an yi tunanin CDS yana wakiltar kusan mutum ɗaya cikin uku tare da gabatarwar ADHD, <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Caryn Carlson, Miranda Mann |year=2002 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Predicts a Different Pattern of Impairment in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11514939 |journal=Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.1207/S15374424JCCP3101_14 |pmid=11845644 |s2cid=6212568}}</ref> a matsayin kuskuren ganewar asali, kuma ba zai dace da hyperactivity ba. Bincike na gaba ya tabbatar da cewa yana iya zama tare da ADHD - kuma yana cikin mutane ba tare da ADHD ba. Sabili da haka, kuma saboda wasu layin shaidu da yawa, akwai [[Yarjejeniyar kimiyya]] cewa yanayin cuta ce ta musamman.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> Idan CDS da ADHD suna tare, matsalolin suna da ƙari: waɗanda ke da yanayin biyu suna da matakan raunin da rashin kulawa fiye da manya da ke da ADHD kawai <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silverstein |first=Michael J. |date=2019 |title=The Characteristics and Unique Impairments of Comorbid Adult ADHD and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: An Interim Analysis |url=https://journals.healio.com/doi/10.3928/00485713-20190905-01 |journal=Psychiatric Annals |volume=49 |issue=10 |pages=457–465 |doi=10.3928/00485713-20190905-01 |s2cid=208396893 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> kuma suna iya zama marasa aure, ba tare da aiki ba, ko kuma suna da'awar fa'idodin nakasa. CDS kadai yana cikin yawan jama'a kuma yana iya zama mai rauni sosai a cikin saitunan ilimi da sana'a, koda kuwa ba shi da rauni sosai kamar ADHD. Nazarin kan jiyya yana da iyaka. Koyaya, bincike ya nuna cewa atomoxetine<ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Becker SP, Willcutt EG, Leopold DR, Fredrick JW, Smith ZR, Jacobson LA, Burns GL, Mayes SD, Waschbusch DA, Froehlich TE, McBurnett K, Servera M, Barkley RA |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McBurnett K, Clemow D, Williams D, Villodas M, Wietecha L, Barkley R |date=February 2017 |title=Atomoxetine-Related Change in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Is Partially Independent of Change in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattentive Symptoms |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=38–42 |doi=10.1089/cap.2016.0115 |pmid=27845858}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bleazard |first=Ryan |last2=Leclercq |first2=Sébastien |last3=Perry |first3=William |last4=Holtmann |first4=Lee |last5=Devaraj |first5=Alan |last6=Powner |first6=Daniel |display-authors=1 |date=January 2024 |title=Response to Ribeiro et al. (2023) – the analysis is in fact flawed |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380153312}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wietecha L, Williams D, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Hooper SR, Wigal SB, Dunn D, McBurnett K |date=November 2013 |title=Atomoxetine improved attention in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia in a 16 week, acute, randomized, double-blind trial |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=605–613 |doi=10.1089/cap.2013.0054 |pmc=3842866 |pmid=24206099}}</ref> da lisdexamfetamine<ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adler |first=Lenard A. |last2=Leon |first2=Terry L. |last3=Sardoff |first3=Taylor M. |last4=Krone |first4=Beth |last5=Faraone |first5=Stephen V. |last6=Silverstein |first6=Michael J. |last7=Newcorn |first7=Jeffrey H. |date=2021-06-29 |title=A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lisdexamfetamine in the Treatment of Comorbid Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Adult ADHD |url=https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/a-placebo-controlled-trial-of-lisdexamfetamine-in-the-treatment-of-comorbid-sluggish-cognitive-tempo-and-adult-adhd/ |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |language=English |volume=82 |issue=4 |page=34965 |doi=10.4088/JCP.20m13687 |issn=0160-6689 |pmid=34232582 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> yadda ya kamata su rage alamun sa kuma ta haka ne za a iya amfani da su don magance CDS. A baya an kira yanayin sluggish cognitive tempo ('''SCT'''). Kalmomin rikice-rikice na maida hankali ('''CDD''') ko ciwon rikice-rikicen hankali ('''CDS''') kwanan nan an fi son su zuwa SCT saboda sun fi dacewa da kuma bayyana yanayin daidai kuma ta haka ne suka kawar da rikicewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa |last7=Burns |first7=G Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell |date=21 August 2022 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=[[Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry]] |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=S0890–8567(22)01246-1 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816 |s2cid=251749516 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Alamomi da alamomi == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background-color: #CCEEEE;" |Alamun CDS (Manufar bincike na ''Farko'') [ana buƙatar ambaton]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2025}} |- |<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css" />{{Col-begin}} | width="50%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"| * Prone to daydreaming * Easily confused or mentally foggy * Spacey or inattentive to surroundings * Mind seems to be elsewhere * Stares blankly into space * Underactive, slow moving or sluggish * Lethargic or less energetic | width="50%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"| * Trouble staying awake or alert * Has drowsy or sleepy appearance * Gets lost in own thoughts * Apathetic or withdrawn, less engaged in activities * Loses train of thought or cognitive set * Processes information less quickly or accurately {{Col-end}} |} === Halin zamantakewa === A hanyoyi da yawa, waɗanda ke da bayanin martaba na CDS suna da waje alamun da suka saba da waɗanda ke da yawanci hyperactive-impulsive ko haɗuwa da gabatarwar ADHD: maimakon kasancewa mai saurin aiki, mai saurin kai, mai saukin kai, da masu ɗaukar haɗari, waɗanda ke fama da CDS suna yawo, marasa hankali, marasa hankali. Suna jin kamar suna "a cikin haɗe" kuma suna kama da "daga ciki". Matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa sau da yawa suna da alaƙa da CDS galibi suna cikin nau'ikan ciki, kamar damuwa, rashin farin ciki, ko baƙin ciki.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Caryn Carlson, Miranda Mann |year=2002 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Predicts a Different Pattern of Impairment in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11514939 |journal=Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.1207/S15374424JCCP3101_14 |pmid=11845644 |s2cid=6212568}}</ref> Mafi daidaituwa a duk faɗin karatu shine tsari na jinkiri da janyewar zamantakewa a cikin hulɗa tare da takwarorinsu. Yanayensu na jin kunya da jinkirin amsawa sau da yawa ana fassara su da kuskure a matsayin nisantawa ko rashin son kai daga wasu. A cikin hulɗar ƙungiyoyin jama'a, waɗanda ke da CDS ana iya watsi da su kuma an yi watsi da su. Mutanen da ke da ADHD na gargajiya suna iya ƙin yarda da su a cikin waɗannan yanayi saboda tsinkaye na zamantakewa ko halayensu na tashin hankali. Idan aka kwatanta da yara da ke da CDS, suna iya nuna halayen rashin mutunci kamar cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi, rikicewar adawa, ko rikicewar halayyar (ƙaryaci, sata, fada da sauransu). Da ya dace, dangane da halin mutum, ADHD da alama ana danganta shi da hankali ga lada da neman nishaɗi yayin da CDS na iya danganta shi le hankali ga azabtarwa. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen P. Becker |display-authors=etal |year=2013 |title=Reward and punishment sensitivity are differentially associated with ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms in children |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256287832 |journal=Journal of Research in Personality |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=719–727 |doi=10.1016/j.jrp.2013.07.001}}</ref> === Rashin kulawa === Mutanen da ke da alamun CDS na iya nuna nau'ikan ƙarancin hankali daban-daban wanda ya fi dacewa da matsalar sarrafa bayanai ta gaskiya; kamar rashin mai da hankali kan cikakkun bayanai ko ikon rarrabe muhimmancin bayanai da sauri. Sabanin haka, mutanen da ke fama da ADHD suna da matsaloli tare da ci gaba da kulawa da aiki ga manufofi tare da rashin juriya ga mayar da hankali ga abubuwan da ke jan hankali. Ba kamar CDS ba, waɗanda ke da ADHD na gargajiya suna da matsaloli tare da hanawa amma ba su da wahalar zaɓar da tace shigarwar ji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weiler |first=Michael David |last2=Bernstein |first2=Jane Holmes |last3=Bellinger |first3=David |last4=Waber |first4=Deborah P. |year=2002 |title=Information Processing Deficits in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Inattentive Type, and Children with Reading Disability |journal=Journal of Learning Disabilities |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=449–462 |doi=10.1177/00222194020350050501 |pmid=15490541 |s2cid=35656571}}</ref> Wasu suna tunanin cewa CDS da ADHD suna haifar da nau'ikan rashin kulawa daban-daban: Duk da yake waɗanda ke da ADHD na iya mai da hankali amma sun kasa ci gaba da shi a tsawon lokaci, mutanen da ke da CDS suna da wahalar mai da hankali ga takamaiman aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mary V. Solanto |year=2007 |title=Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes |journal=Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=729–44 |doi=10.1007/s10802-007-9123-6 |pmc=2265203 |pmid=17629724 |quote=Differences between subtypes in cognitive tempo point to potentially important differences in the qualitative features of inattention, which suggest differences in etiology. Thus, whereas children with predominantly inattentive type (PI) appear to be slow to orient and slow to respond to cognitive and social stimuli in their immediate surroundings, children with combined type (CB) rapidly orient to novel external stimuli regardless of relevance. A series of studies in children who would now be classified as CB failed to identify deficits in the stimulus input stages of information-processing (Sergeant, 2005). The observably more sluggish orientation and response style of the child with PI by contrast, does suggest deficits in these early attentional processes.}}</ref> Dangane da haka, an sami ikon daidaita hankali a cikin CDS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Kiho |date=2020 |title=Normal executive attention but abnormal orienting attention in individuals with sluggish cognitive tempo |journal=International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=S1697260020300673 |doi=10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.08.003 |pmc=7753035 |pmid=33363582 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dukkanin cututtukan suna tsoma baki sosai tare da aikin ilimi amma suna iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi daban-daban. CDS na iya zama mafi matsala tare da daidaito na aikin da yaro ke yi a makaranta kuma yana haifar da yin ƙarin kurakurai. Sabanin haka, ADHD na iya shafar yawan aiki wanda ke wakiltar yawan aikin da aka yi a wani lokaci. Yara da ke da CDS suna da wahalar tunawa da abubuwan da aka koya a baya kuma suna yin kurakurai a gwajin dawo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya fiye da yara da ke da ADHD. An gano cewa suna yin mafi muni a kan gwaje-gwaje na tunanin mutum wanda ya shafi saurin motsi ko daidaitawa da sauri. Har ila yau, suna da tsarin tunani mai rikitarwa, mafi girman matsayi na rashin daidaituwa, kuma sun rasa abubuwa cikin sauƙi. Hadarin ƙarin nakasa na ilmantarwa yana da kama da juna a cikin ADHD da CDS (23-50%), amma rikice-rikicen lissafi na iya zama mafi yawa a cikin ƙungiyar CDS. Babban halayyar halayyar waɗanda ke da alamun CDS shine cewa suna iya bayyana ba su da motsawa kuma suna iya samun mafi girman yawan bacci na rana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen P. Becker |display-authors=etal |year=2014 |title=Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Dimensions and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms in Relation to College Students' Sleep Functioning |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260153858 |journal=Child Psychiatry & Human Development |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=675–685 |doi=10.1007/s10578-014-0436-8 |pmid=24515313 |s2cid=39379796}}</ref> Suna da alama ba su da kuzari don magance ayyukan duniya kuma saboda haka za su nemi su mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke motsa hankali watakila saboda Yanayin da ba shi da kyau. A madadin haka, CDS na iya haɗawa da nau'in cututtukan da ke wuce gona da iri. == Binciken ganewa == An haɗa CDS, tare da sunansa na baya na saurin fahimta, a matsayin mai bayyana bincike a cikin rarraba cututtukan duniya (ICD) na yanzu da aka saki a 2022 a ƙarƙashin [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#821852937}}</ref> Koyaya, ba a haɗa shi a matsayin rikice-rikice daban a cikin ICD ko Manual na Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (2013) kodayake yana iya kasancewa a cikin bugu na gaba; ga masana kimiyya a fagen, ya kai ƙofar shaidu da ganewa a matsayin cuta ta musamman <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> kuma wasu ayyukan ƙwararru sun gano shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Program {{!}} ADHD Center |url=https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/c/adhd/services/cds#:~:text=CDS%20includes%20a%20different%20set,slower%20to%20complete%20daily%20activities. |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=www.cincinnatichildrens.org}}</ref> An kirkiro kayan aikin tantancewa don tantance alamun CDS. Kodayake wasu alamun wasu yanayi suna da alaƙa da CDS, yanayi ne daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=1527-5418 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> == Magani == Ba a bincika maganin CDS sosai ba. An yi nazarin farko na magunguna ne kawai tare da maganin ADHD methylphenidate, har ma da yara waɗanda aka gano a matsayin ADD ba tare da hyperactivity ba (ta amfani da ka'idodin DSM-III) kuma ba musamman ga CDS ba. Binciken da alama ya gano cewa yawancin yara da ke da ADD (Rashin kulawa) tare da Hyperactivity (a halin yanzu haɗin haɗin ADHD) sun amsa da kyau a matsakaici zuwa manyan allurai.[1] Koyaya, yawancin yara da ke da ADD ba tare da hyperactivity ba (a halin yanzu gabatarwar rashin kulawa ta ADHD, saboda haka sakamakon na iya amfani da CDS) ba su sami fa'ida sosai daga methylphenidate ba, kuma lokacin da suka amfana, yana da ƙananan sashi.[2] Koyaya, wani binciken da kuma nazarin tarihin kiwon lafiya sun gano cewa kasancewar ko rashin alamun CDS ba su da bambanci wajen mayar da martani ga methylphenidate a cikin yara da ke da ADHD-I.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henrique T. Ludwig |year=2009 |title=Do Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms Predict Response to Methylphenidate in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder–Inattentive Type? |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=461–465 |doi=10.1089/cap.2008.0115 |pmid=19702499}}</ref> Wadannan binciken ba su bincika takamaiman ba kuma a bayyane suke nazarin tasirin maganin akan alamun CDS a cikin yara. Ana iya amfani da Atomoxetine don magance CDS, kamar yadda gwaje-gwaje masu sarrafawa na asibiti (RCTs) da yawa suka gano cewa magani ne mai tasiri. <ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Becker SP, Willcutt EG, Leopold DR, Fredrick JW, Smith ZR, Jacobson LA, Burns GL, Mayes SD, Waschbusch DA, Froehlich TE, McBurnett K, Servera M, Barkley RA |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McBurnett K, Clemow D, Williams D, Villodas M, Wietecha L, Barkley R |date=February 2017 |title=Atomoxetine-Related Change in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Is Partially Independent of Change in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattentive Symptoms |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=38–42 |doi=10.1089/cap.2016.0115 |pmid=27845858}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wietecha L, Williams D, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Hooper SR, Wigal SB, Dunn D, McBurnett K |date=November 2013 |title=Atomoxetine improved attention in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia in a 16 week, acute, randomized, double-blind trial |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=605–613 |doi=10.1089/cap.2013.0054 |pmc=3842866 |pmid=24206099}}</ref> Sabanin haka, wasu RCTs da yawa sun nuna cewa ba ya amsawa sosai ga methylphenidate.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fırat S, Gul H, Aysev A |date=July 2021 |title=An Open-Label Trial of Methylphenidate Treating Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Inattention, and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms Among 6- to 12-Year-Old ADHD Children: What Are the Predictors of Treatment Response at Home and School? |journal=Journal of Attention Disorders |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1321–1330 |doi=10.1177/1087054720902846 |pmid=32064995 |s2cid=211134241}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Froehlich TE, Becker SP, Nick TG, Brinkman WB, Stein MA, Peugh J, Epstein JN |date=2018 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as a Possible Predictor of Methylphenidate Response in Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=79 |issue=2 |doi=10.4088/JCP.17m11553 |pmc=6558969 |pmid=29489078}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Barkley RA, DuPaul GJ, McMurray MB |date=April 1991 |title=Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate |journal=Pediatrics |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=519–531 |doi=10.1542/peds.87.4.519 |pmid=2011430 |s2cid=23501657}}</ref> Bincike daya ne kawai ya bincika amfani da hanyoyin gyaran halayyar a gida da makaranta ga yara da ke da alamun CDS kuma ya sami nasara mai kyau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linda Pfiffner |year=2007 |title=A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Integrated Home-School Behavioral Treatment for ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Type |journal=J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=8 |pages=1041–1050 |doi=10.1097/chi.0b013e318064675f |pmid=17667482}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, The New York Times ta ba da rahoton cewa jinkirin hankali shine batun gwajin maganin asibiti na kamfanin magunguna, gami da wanda Eli Lilly ya ba da shawarar cewa ɗayan manyan magungunan sayarwa, Strattera, za a iya ba da umarni don magance alamun da aka tsara na jinkirin hankali. Sauran masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa babu ingantaccen magani ga CDS. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e0vd4lk31waqtfo2tfp460luxpkdjtx 888942 888941 2026-07-29T13:13:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 888942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cutar rashin kulawa ta hankali''' ('''CDS''') cuta ce da ke nuna rashin daidaituwa, rashin inganci, da kuma ci gaba da matakan sarrafa hankali daga yanayin waje da ke gudana da kuma sakamakon hypoactivity. Alamomin sau da yawa suna bayyana a cikin matsaloli tare da kallon, ɓarkewar hankali, rashin tunani, rikicewar hankali, da rashin daidaituwa tare da jinkirin motsi, ko jinkirin motci.<ref name=":12" /> Ga masana kimiyya a fagen, ya kai ƙofar shaidu da ganewa a matsayin cuta ta musamman.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1798, wallafe-wallafen kiwon lafiya game da cututtukan kulawa sun bambanta tsakanin akalla nau'o'i biyu: ɗayan rikicewar jan hankali, rashin kulawa mai ɗorewa, da ƙarancin hanawa (wanda yanzu aka sani da [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|ADHD]]), ɗayan kuma rikicewar ƙarancin iko, farkawa, ko kulawa / zaɓaɓɓu (wanda yanzu ake kira CDS). Kodayake rashin kulawa yana da alaƙa da yanayin biyu, CDS ya bambanta da ADHD. Ba kamar ADHD ba, wanda shine sakamakon rashin aiki na zartarwa da kuma kula da kai,<ref>{{Citation|journal=Jack A.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cecil CA, Nigg JT |date=November 2022 |title=Epigenetics and ADHD: Reflections on Current Knowledge, Research Priorities and Translational Potential |journal=Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=581–606 |doi=10.1007/s40291-022-00609-y |pmc=7613776 |pmid=35933504}}</ref> CDS yana gabatar da matsaloli a cikin farkawa, mafarki mara kyau, da daidaitawa ko kulawa mai zaɓaɓɓu (banbanta abin da ke da mahimmanci daga rashin mahimmanci a cikin bayanan da dole ne a sarrafa su da sauri), kamar yadda ya saba da rashin daidaituwa ko kulawa mai ɗorewa, hanawa, da kuma aikin zartarwa gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362840930}}</ref> A cikin saitunan ilimi, CDS yana haifar da raguwar daidaito na aiki, yayin da ADHD ke lalata yawan aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=2023-06-01 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> CDS kuma na iya faruwa a matsayin cuta tare da ADHD a wasu mutane, wanda ke haifar da raunin da ya fi girma fiye da lokacin da kowanne yanayin ya faru shi kaɗai. A cikin kimiyya ta zamani a yau, a bayyane yake cewa wannan saitin alamomi yana da mahimmanci saboda yana da alaƙa da raunin musamman, sama da bayan ADHD. CDS da kansa yana da mummunar tasiri akan aiki (kamar rage ingancin rayuwa, <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Martha A. Combs |display-authors=etal |year=2014 |title=Impact of SCT and ADHD Symptoms on Adults' Quality of Life |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258406568 |journal=Applied Research in Quality of Life |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=981–995 |doi=10.1007/s11482-013-9281-3 |s2cid=49480261}}</ref> karuwar damuwa, da halayyar kashe kansa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Holdaway |first2=Alex S. |last3=Luebbe |first3=Aaron M. |date=2018 |title=Suicidal Behaviors in College Students: Frequency, Sex Differences, and Mental Health Correlates Including Sluggish Cognitive Tempo |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=181–188 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.013 |pmc=6118121 |pmid=30153929}}</ref> da kuma karamin ilimi da matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ). CDS yana da dacewa a asibiti kamar yadda gwaje-gwaje masu sarrafawa na asibiti (RCTs) da yawa suka nuna cewa ba ya amsawa sosai ga methylphenidate.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Fırat |first=Sumeyra |date=2020 |title=An Open-Label Trial of Methylphenidate Treating Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Inattention, and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms Among 6- to 12-Year-Old ADHD Children: What Are the Predictors of Treatment Response at Home and School? |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1087054720902846 |journal=Journal of Attention Disorders |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1321–1330 |doi=10.1177/1087054720902846 |pmid=32064995 |s2cid=211134241 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Froehlich |first=Tanya E. |last2=Becker |first2=Stephen P. |last3=Nick |first3=Todd G. |last4=Brinkman |first4=William B. |last5=Stein |first5=Mark A. |last6=Peugh |first6=James |last7=Epstein |first7=Jeffery N. |date=2018 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as a Possible Predictor of Methylphenidate Response in Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=79 |issue=2 |doi=10.4088/JCP.17m11553 |issn=1555-2101 |pmc=6558969 |pmid=29489078}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkley |first=R. A. |last2=DuPaul |first2=G. J. |last3=McMurray |first3=M. B. |date=April 1991 |title=Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate |journal=Pediatrics |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=519–531 |doi=10.1542/peds.87.4.519 |issn=0031-4005 |pmid=2011430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Concentration Deficit Disorder (Sluggish Cognitive Tempo) |url=https://www.peterraabe.ca/docs/SCT_Barkley.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525100100/http://www.peterraabe.ca/docs/SCT_Barkley.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-25}}</ref> Da farko, an yi tunanin CDS yana wakiltar kusan mutum ɗaya cikin uku tare da gabatarwar ADHD, <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Caryn Carlson, Miranda Mann |year=2002 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Predicts a Different Pattern of Impairment in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11514939 |journal=Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.1207/S15374424JCCP3101_14 |pmid=11845644 |s2cid=6212568}}</ref> a matsayin kuskuren ganewar asali, kuma ba zai dace da hyperactivity ba. Bincike na gaba ya tabbatar da cewa yana iya zama tare da ADHD - kuma yana cikin mutane ba tare da ADHD ba. Sabili da haka, kuma saboda wasu layin shaidu da yawa, akwai [[Yarjejeniyar kimiyya]] cewa yanayin cuta ce ta musamman.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> Idan CDS da ADHD suna tare, matsalolin suna da ƙari: waɗanda ke da yanayin biyu suna da matakan raunin da rashin kulawa fiye da manya da ke da ADHD kawai <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silverstein |first=Michael J. |date=2019 |title=The Characteristics and Unique Impairments of Comorbid Adult ADHD and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: An Interim Analysis |url=https://journals.healio.com/doi/10.3928/00485713-20190905-01 |journal=Psychiatric Annals |volume=49 |issue=10 |pages=457–465 |doi=10.3928/00485713-20190905-01 |s2cid=208396893 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> kuma suna iya zama marasa aure, ba tare da aiki ba, ko kuma suna da'awar fa'idodin nakasa. CDS kadai yana cikin yawan jama'a kuma yana iya zama mai rauni sosai a cikin saitunan ilimi da sana'a, koda kuwa ba shi da rauni sosai kamar ADHD. Nazarin kan jiyya yana da iyaka. Koyaya, bincike ya nuna cewa atomoxetine<ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Becker SP, Willcutt EG, Leopold DR, Fredrick JW, Smith ZR, Jacobson LA, Burns GL, Mayes SD, Waschbusch DA, Froehlich TE, McBurnett K, Servera M, Barkley RA |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McBurnett K, Clemow D, Williams D, Villodas M, Wietecha L, Barkley R |date=February 2017 |title=Atomoxetine-Related Change in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Is Partially Independent of Change in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattentive Symptoms |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=38–42 |doi=10.1089/cap.2016.0115 |pmid=27845858}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bleazard |first=Ryan |last2=Leclercq |first2=Sébastien |last3=Perry |first3=William |last4=Holtmann |first4=Lee |last5=Devaraj |first5=Alan |last6=Powner |first6=Daniel |display-authors=1 |date=January 2024 |title=Response to Ribeiro et al. (2023) – the analysis is in fact flawed |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380153312}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wietecha L, Williams D, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Hooper SR, Wigal SB, Dunn D, McBurnett K |date=November 2013 |title=Atomoxetine improved attention in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia in a 16 week, acute, randomized, double-blind trial |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=605–613 |doi=10.1089/cap.2013.0054 |pmc=3842866 |pmid=24206099}}</ref> da lisdexamfetamine<ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adler |first=Lenard A. |last2=Leon |first2=Terry L. |last3=Sardoff |first3=Taylor M. |last4=Krone |first4=Beth |last5=Faraone |first5=Stephen V. |last6=Silverstein |first6=Michael J. |last7=Newcorn |first7=Jeffrey H. |date=2021-06-29 |title=A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lisdexamfetamine in the Treatment of Comorbid Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Adult ADHD |url=https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/a-placebo-controlled-trial-of-lisdexamfetamine-in-the-treatment-of-comorbid-sluggish-cognitive-tempo-and-adult-adhd/ |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |language=English |volume=82 |issue=4 |page=34965 |doi=10.4088/JCP.20m13687 |issn=0160-6689 |pmid=34232582 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> yadda ya kamata su rage alamun sa kuma ta haka ne za a iya amfani da su don magance CDS. A baya an kira yanayin sluggish cognitive tempo ('''SCT'''). Kalmomin rikice-rikice na maida hankali ('''CDD''') ko ciwon rikice-rikicen hankali ('''CDS''') kwanan nan an fi son su zuwa SCT saboda sun fi dacewa da kuma bayyana yanayin daidai kuma ta haka ne suka kawar da rikicewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa |last7=Burns |first7=G Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell |date=21 August 2022 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=[[Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry]] |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=S0890–8567(22)01246-1 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816 |s2cid=251749516 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Alamomi da alamomi == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background-color: #CCEEEE;" |Alamun CDS (Manufar bincike na ''Farko'') [ana buƙatar ambaton]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2025}} |- |<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css" />{{Col-begin}} | width="50%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"| * Prone to daydreaming * Easily confused or mentally foggy * Spacey or inattentive to surroundings * Mind seems to be elsewhere * Stares blankly into space * Underactive, slow moving or sluggish * Lethargic or less energetic | width="50%" align="left" valign="top" style="border:0"| * Trouble staying awake or alert * Has drowsy or sleepy appearance * Gets lost in own thoughts * Apathetic or withdrawn, less engaged in activities * Loses train of thought or cognitive set * Processes information less quickly or accurately {{Col-end}} |} === Halin zamantakewa === A hanyoyi da yawa, waɗanda ke da bayanin martaba na CDS suna da waje alamun da suka saba da waɗanda ke da yawanci hyperactive-impulsive ko haɗuwa da gabatarwar ADHD: maimakon kasancewa mai saurin aiki, mai saurin kai, mai saukin kai, da masu ɗaukar haɗari, waɗanda ke fama da CDS suna yawo, marasa hankali, marasa hankali. Suna jin kamar suna "a cikin haɗe" kuma suna kama da "daga ciki". Matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa sau da yawa suna da alaƙa da CDS galibi suna cikin nau'ikan ciki, kamar damuwa, rashin farin ciki, ko baƙin ciki.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Caryn Carlson, Miranda Mann |year=2002 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Predicts a Different Pattern of Impairment in the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11514939 |journal=Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.1207/S15374424JCCP3101_14 |pmid=11845644 |s2cid=6212568}}</ref> Mafi daidaituwa a duk faɗin karatu shine tsari na jinkiri da janyewar zamantakewa a cikin hulɗa tare da takwarorinsu. Yanayensu na jin kunya da jinkirin amsawa sau da yawa ana fassara su da kuskure a matsayin nisantawa ko rashin son kai daga wasu. A cikin hulɗar ƙungiyoyin jama'a, waɗanda ke da CDS ana iya watsi da su kuma an yi watsi da su. Mutanen da ke da ADHD na gargajiya suna iya ƙin yarda da su a cikin waɗannan yanayi saboda tsinkaye na zamantakewa ko halayensu na tashin hankali. Idan aka kwatanta da yara da ke da CDS, suna iya nuna halayen rashin mutunci kamar cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi, rikicewar adawa, ko rikicewar halayyar (ƙaryaci, sata, fada da sauransu). Da ya dace, dangane da halin mutum, ADHD da alama ana danganta shi da hankali ga lada da neman nishaɗi yayin da CDS na iya danganta shi le hankali ga azabtarwa. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen P. Becker |display-authors=etal |year=2013 |title=Reward and punishment sensitivity are differentially associated with ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms in children |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256287832 |journal=Journal of Research in Personality |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=719–727 |doi=10.1016/j.jrp.2013.07.001}}</ref> === Rashin kulawa === Mutanen da ke da alamun CDS na iya nuna nau'ikan ƙarancin hankali daban-daban wanda ya fi dacewa da matsalar sarrafa bayanai ta gaskiya; kamar rashin mai da hankali kan cikakkun bayanai ko ikon rarrabe muhimmancin bayanai da sauri. Sabanin haka, mutanen da ke fama da ADHD suna da matsaloli tare da ci gaba da kulawa da aiki ga manufofi tare da rashin juriya ga mayar da hankali ga abubuwan da ke jan hankali. Ba kamar CDS ba, waɗanda ke da ADHD na gargajiya suna da matsaloli tare da hanawa amma ba su da wahalar zaɓar da tace shigarwar ji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weiler |first=Michael David |last2=Bernstein |first2=Jane Holmes |last3=Bellinger |first3=David |last4=Waber |first4=Deborah P. |year=2002 |title=Information Processing Deficits in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Inattentive Type, and Children with Reading Disability |journal=Journal of Learning Disabilities |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=449–462 |doi=10.1177/00222194020350050501 |pmid=15490541 |s2cid=35656571}}</ref> Wasu suna tunanin cewa CDS da ADHD suna haifar da nau'ikan rashin kulawa daban-daban: Duk da yake waɗanda ke da ADHD na iya mai da hankali amma sun kasa ci gaba da shi a tsawon lokaci, mutanen da ke da CDS suna da wahalar mai da hankali ga takamaiman aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mary V. Solanto |year=2007 |title=Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes |journal=Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=729–44 |doi=10.1007/s10802-007-9123-6 |pmc=2265203 |pmid=17629724 |quote=Differences between subtypes in cognitive tempo point to potentially important differences in the qualitative features of inattention, which suggest differences in etiology. Thus, whereas children with predominantly inattentive type (PI) appear to be slow to orient and slow to respond to cognitive and social stimuli in their immediate surroundings, children with combined type (CB) rapidly orient to novel external stimuli regardless of relevance. A series of studies in children who would now be classified as CB failed to identify deficits in the stimulus input stages of information-processing (Sergeant, 2005). The observably more sluggish orientation and response style of the child with PI by contrast, does suggest deficits in these early attentional processes.}}</ref> Dangane da haka, an sami ikon daidaita hankali a cikin CDS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Kiho |date=2020 |title=Normal executive attention but abnormal orienting attention in individuals with sluggish cognitive tempo |journal=International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=S1697260020300673 |doi=10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.08.003 |pmc=7753035 |pmid=33363582 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dukkanin cututtukan suna tsoma baki sosai tare da aikin ilimi amma suna iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi daban-daban. CDS na iya zama mafi matsala tare da daidaito na aikin da yaro ke yi a makaranta kuma yana haifar da yin ƙarin kurakurai. Sabanin haka, ADHD na iya shafar yawan aiki wanda ke wakiltar yawan aikin da aka yi a wani lokaci. Yara da ke da CDS suna da wahalar tunawa da abubuwan da aka koya a baya kuma suna yin kurakurai a gwajin dawo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya fiye da yara da ke da ADHD. An gano cewa suna yin mafi muni a kan gwaje-gwaje na tunanin mutum wanda ya shafi saurin motsi ko daidaitawa da sauri. Har ila yau, suna da tsarin tunani mai rikitarwa, mafi girman matsayi na rashin daidaituwa, kuma sun rasa abubuwa cikin sauƙi. Hadarin ƙarin nakasa na ilmantarwa yana da kama da juna a cikin ADHD da CDS (23-50%), amma rikice-rikicen lissafi na iya zama mafi yawa a cikin ƙungiyar CDS. Babban halayyar halayyar waɗanda ke da alamun CDS shine cewa suna iya bayyana ba su da motsawa kuma suna iya samun mafi girman yawan bacci na rana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephen P. Becker |display-authors=etal |year=2014 |title=Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Dimensions and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms in Relation to College Students' Sleep Functioning |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260153858 |journal=Child Psychiatry & Human Development |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=675–685 |doi=10.1007/s10578-014-0436-8 |pmid=24515313 |s2cid=39379796}}</ref> Suna da alama ba su da kuzari don magance ayyukan duniya kuma saboda haka za su nemi su mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke motsa hankali watakila saboda Yanayin da ba shi da kyau. A madadin haka, CDS na iya haɗawa da nau'in cututtukan da ke wuce gona da iri. == Binciken ganewa == An haɗa CDS, tare da sunansa na baya na saurin fahimta, a matsayin mai bayyana bincike a cikin rarraba cututtukan duniya (ICD) na yanzu da aka saki a 2022 a ƙarƙashin [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#821852937}}</ref> Koyaya, ba a haɗa shi a matsayin rikice-rikice daban a cikin ICD ko Manual na Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (2013) kodayake yana iya kasancewa a cikin bugu na gaba; ga masana kimiyya a fagen, ya kai ƙofar shaidu da ganewa a matsayin cuta ta musamman <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=0890-8567 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> kuma wasu ayyukan ƙwararru sun gano shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Program {{!}} ADHD Center |url=https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/c/adhd/services/cds#:~:text=CDS%20includes%20a%20different%20set,slower%20to%20complete%20daily%20activities. |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=www.cincinnatichildrens.org}}</ref> An kirkiro kayan aikin tantancewa don tantance alamun CDS. Kodayake wasu alamun wasu yanayi suna da alaƙa da CDS, yanayi ne daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Stephen P. |last2=Willcutt |first2=Erik G. |last3=Leopold |first3=Daniel R. |last4=Fredrick |first4=Joseph W. |last5=Smith |first5=Zoe R. |last6=Jacobson |first6=Lisa A. |last7=Burns |first7=G. Leonard |last8=Mayes |first8=Susan D. |last9=Waschbusch |first9=Daniel A. |last10=Froehlich |first10=Tanya E. |last11=McBurnett |first11=Keith |last12=Servera |first12=Mateu |last13=Barkley |first13=Russell A. |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |issn=1527-5418 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref> == Magani == Ba a bincika maganin CDS sosai ba. An yi nazarin farko na magunguna ne kawai tare da maganin ADHD methylphenidate, har ma da yara waɗanda aka gano a matsayin ADD ba tare da hyperactivity ba (ta amfani da ka'idodin DSM-III) kuma ba musamman ga CDS ba. Binciken da alama ya gano cewa yawancin yara da ke da ADD (Rashin kulawa) tare da Hyperactivity (a halin yanzu haɗin haɗin ADHD) sun amsa da kyau a matsakaici zuwa manyan allurai. Koyaya, yawancin yara da ke da ADD ba tare da hyperactivity ba (a halin yanzu gabatarwar rashin kulawa ta ADHD, saboda haka sakamakon na iya amfani da CDS) ba su sami fa'ida sosai daga methylphenidate ba, kuma lokacin da suka amfana, yana da ƙananan sashi. Koyaya, wani binciken da kuma nazarin tarihin kiwon lafiya sun gano cewa kasancewar ko rashin alamun CDS ba su da bambanci wajen mayar da martani ga methylphenidate a cikin yara da ke da ADHD-I.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henrique T. Ludwig |year=2009 |title=Do Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms Predict Response to Methylphenidate in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder–Inattentive Type? |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=461–465 |doi=10.1089/cap.2008.0115 |pmid=19702499}}</ref> Wadannan binciken ba su bincika takamaiman ba kuma a bayyane suke nazarin tasirin maganin akan alamun CDS a cikin yara. Ana iya amfani da Atomoxetine don magance CDS, kamar yadda gwaje-gwaje masu sarrafawa na asibiti (RCTs) da yawa suka gano cewa magani ne mai tasiri.<ref name="Report of a Work Group on Sluggish">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Becker SP, Willcutt EG, Leopold DR, Fredrick JW, Smith ZR, Jacobson LA, Burns GL, Mayes SD, Waschbusch DA, Froehlich TE, McBurnett K, Servera M, Barkley RA |date=June 2023 |title=Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=629–645 |doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821 |pmc=9943858 |pmid=36007816}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McBurnett K, Clemow D, Williams D, Villodas M, Wietecha L, Barkley R |date=February 2017 |title=Atomoxetine-Related Change in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Is Partially Independent of Change in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattentive Symptoms |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=38–42 |doi=10.1089/cap.2016.0115 |pmid=27845858}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wietecha L, Williams D, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Hooper SR, Wigal SB, Dunn D, McBurnett K |date=November 2013 |title=Atomoxetine improved attention in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia in a 16 week, acute, randomized, double-blind trial |journal=Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=605–613 |doi=10.1089/cap.2013.0054 |pmc=3842866 |pmid=24206099}}</ref> Sabanin haka, wasu RCTs da yawa sun nuna cewa ba ya amsawa sosai ga methylphenidate.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fırat S, Gul H, Aysev A |date=July 2021 |title=An Open-Label Trial of Methylphenidate Treating Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Inattention, and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms Among 6- to 12-Year-Old ADHD Children: What Are the Predictors of Treatment Response at Home and School? |journal=Journal of Attention Disorders |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1321–1330 |doi=10.1177/1087054720902846 |pmid=32064995 |s2cid=211134241}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Froehlich TE, Becker SP, Nick TG, Brinkman WB, Stein MA, Peugh J, Epstein JN |date=2018 |title=Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as a Possible Predictor of Methylphenidate Response in Children With ADHD: A Randomized Controlled Trial |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=79 |issue=2 |doi=10.4088/JCP.17m11553 |pmc=6558969 |pmid=29489078}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Barkley RA, DuPaul GJ, McMurray MB |date=April 1991 |title=Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate |journal=Pediatrics |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=519–531 |doi=10.1542/peds.87.4.519 |pmid=2011430 |s2cid=23501657}}</ref> Bincike daya ne kawai ya bincika amfani da hanyoyin gyaran halayyar a gida da makaranta ga yara da ke da alamun CDS kuma ya sami nasara mai kyau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linda Pfiffner |year=2007 |title=A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Integrated Home-School Behavioral Treatment for ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Type |journal=J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry |volume=46 |issue=8 |pages=1041–1050 |doi=10.1097/chi.0b013e318064675f |pmid=17667482}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, The New York Times ta ba da rahoton cewa jinkirin hankali shine batun gwajin maganin asibiti na kamfanin magunguna, gami da wanda Eli Lilly ya ba da shawarar cewa ɗayan manyan magungunan sayarwa, Strattera, za a iya ba da umarni don magance alamun da aka tsara na jinkirin hankali. Sauran masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa babu ingantaccen magani ga CDS. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mwl3gllks3tsbunk6g35c1g80mukjr5 0 154816 889222 847089 2026-07-30T03:03:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Oluseun Awonuga | honorific_suffix = SAN | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer | known_for = Legal Practice | employer = Babalakin & Co. | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria | years_active = 21st century | citizenship = Nigeria }} '''Oluseun Awonuga''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi fice a harkar shari'a kuma abokin hulɗa (Partner) a kamfanin lauyoyi na Babalakin & Co. Ya samu karɓuwa a fagen aikin lauya saboda ƙwarewarsa, jajircewarsa da kuma gudummawar da yake bayarwa wajen bunƙasa sana'ar lauya a Najeriya. A shekarar 2025 an naɗa shi cikin manyan lauyoyin ƙasar da ke da matsayi na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Culture of Mentorship and Merit: Babalakin & Co. toasts Oluseun Awonuga’s rise to Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) |url=https://businessday.ng/news/legal-business/article/a-culture-of-mentorship-and-merit-babalakin-co-toasts-oluseun-awonugas-rise-to-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-san/ |work=BusinessDay |date=14 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Babalakin hails partner on SAN rank |url=https://punchng.com/babalakin-hails-partner-on-san-rank/ |work=The Punch |date=16 October 2025}}</ref> == Aiki == Oluseun Awonuga ya yi aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Babalakin & Co., ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kamfanonin lauyoyi a Najeriya. A matsayinsa na abokin hulɗa a kamfanin, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanar da shari'o'i da kuma bayar da shawarar doka ga abokan hulɗar kamfanin. Shugabannin kamfanin sun bayyana shi a matsayin lauya mai hazaka, ladabi da ƙwarewar aiki, tare da nuna cewa nasarorinsa sun samo asali ne daga himma da jajircewa a sana'arsa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hardwork, determination bedrock of legal excellence, says Babalakin |url=https://guardian.ng/features/law/hardwork-determination-bedrock-of-legal-excellence-says-babalakin/ |work=The Guardian (Nigeria) |date=14 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Babalakin & Co. celebrates Oluseun Awonuga’s elevation to Senior Advocate of Nigeria |url=https://www.theconclaveng.com/babalakin-co-celebrates-oluseun-awonugas-elevation-to-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-2/ |work=The Conclave |date=14 October 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Samun Matsayin SAN == A shekarar 2025, an ɗaga Oluseun Awonuga zuwa matsayi na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi girman karramawar da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda ƙwarewa, gogewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga ci gaban harkokin shari'a. Naɗin nasa ya samu yabo daga shugabanni da abokan aikinsa a Babalakin & Co., waɗanda suka bayyana shi a matsayin sakamakon aiki tukuru da jajircewa.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Culture of Mentorship and Merit: Babalakin & Co. toasts Oluseun Awonuga’s rise to Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) |url=https://businessday.ng/news/legal-business/article/a-culture-of-mentorship-and-merit-babalakin-co-toasts-oluseun-awonugas-rise-to-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-san/ |work=BusinessDay |date=14 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Babalakin hails partner on SAN rank |url=https://punchng.com/babalakin-hails-partner-on-san-rank/ |work=The Punch |date=16 October 2025}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi kan Mulkin Doka == Bayan samun matsayinsa na SAN, Awonuga ya yi kira ga 'yan Najeriya da masu rike da madafun iko da su sake jajircewa wajen girmama mulkin doka. Ya bayyana cewa bin doka da oda shi ne ginshiƙin samar da adalci, zaman lafiya da ci gaban ƙasa mai ɗorewa. Ya jaddada cewa ci gaban Najeriya yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da yadda ake mutunta dokoki da cibiyoyin shari'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria must recommit to rule of law, says SAN |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nigeria-must-recommit-to-rule-of-law-says-san/ |work=The Nation |date=14 October 2025}}</ref> == Suna da Karramawa == A cikin bayanan da abokan aikinsa da shugabannin Babalakin & Co. suka bayar, an bayyana Oluseun Awonuga a matsayin lauya mai hankali, tawali'u da kyakkyawar ɗabi'ar aiki. An kuma nuna cewa nasararsa ta shiga cikin jerin manyan lauyoyin Najeriya ta ƙara nuna matsayin kamfanin Babalakin & Co. a matsayin cibiyar da ke haɓaka ƙwararrun lauyoyi a ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Culture of Mentorship and Merit: Babalakin & Co. toasts Oluseun Awonuga’s rise to Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) |url=https://businessday.ng/news/legal-business/article/a-culture-of-mentorship-and-merit-babalakin-co-toasts-oluseun-awonugas-rise-to-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-san/ |work=BusinessDay |date=14 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hardwork, determination bedrock of legal excellence, says Babalakin |url=https://guardian.ng/features/law/hardwork-determination-bedrock-of-legal-excellence-says-babalakin/ |work=The Guardian (Nigeria) |date=14 October 2025}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian legal practitioners]] cctn9jnd22zvht49tfdtbqg9suo0c6z 0 154819 889226 847092 2026-07-30T03:19:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Omamuzo Erebe | honorific_suffix = SAN | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer | alma_mater = University of Benin<br>Nigerian Law School, Lagos | known_for = Legal practice, Criminal Law, Alternative Dispute Resolution | office = Solicitor-General and Permanent Secretary, Delta State Ministry of Justice | years_active = 20th century–present }} '''Omamuzo Erebe''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma babban jami'in gwamnati da ke aiki a matsayin '''Solicitor-General''' kuma '''Permanent Secretary''' na Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Delta. An san shi da gudummawar da yake bayarwa wajen bunƙasa tsarin shari'a a jihar Delta, musamman a fannin gudanar da shari'ar laifuka da warware rikice-rikice ta hanyoyin sulhu. A shekarar 2025, an ɗaga matsayinsa zuwa mukamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne mafi girman karramawa ga lauyoyi a Najeriya. <ref>{{cite news |title=Delta Solicitor-General, Omamuzo Erebe, Elevated to Rank of SAN |url=https://dailyasset.ng/delta-solicitor-general-omamuzo-erebe-elevated-to-rank-of-san/ |work=Daily Asset |date=1 October 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Encomium As Erebe Family, Judiciary Staff Laud Delta Solicitor-General's Elevation To SAN |url=https://www.nigerdeltatoday.com/encomium-as-erebe-family-laud-delta-solicitor-generals-elevation-to-rank-of-san/ |work=Niger Delta Today |date=9 October 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Omamuzo Erebe ya yi karatunsa na jami'a a '''Jami'ar Benin (University of Benin)''', inda ya samu ilimin shari'a kafin ya halarci '''Nigerian Law School''' da ke Lagos domin samun cancantar shiga aikin lauya. Ya kware a fannoni da suka haɗa da '''Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)''', wato sulhu, sasanci da sulhun kotu, tare da ƙwarewa a rubuce-rubucen doka da kuma dokokin laifuffuka. <ref>{{cite news |title=Idheze salutes Delta Solicitor General, Erebe, on elevation to SAN |url=https://thesun.ng/idheze-salutes-delta-solicitor-general-erebe-on-elevation-to-san/ |work=The Sun Nigeria |date=9 October 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Idheze Integrity Forum Felicitates Delta Solicitor General, Erebe, on Elevation to SAN |url=https://www.truthreporters.com.ng/2025/10/idheze-integrity-forum-felicitates.html |work=Truth Reporters |date=8 October 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Erebe ya yi fice a aikin gwamnati a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Delta, inda ya kai matsayin '''Solicitor-General''' kuma '''Permanent Secretary'''. A matsayinsa na babban jami'in shari'a, ya jagoranci shirye-shiryen horas da lauyoyin gwamnati domin inganta fahimtarsu kan sabbin dokoki, musamman '''Administration of Criminal Justice Law (ACJL) 2022''' na jihar Delta. Ya bayyana cewa manufar irin waɗannan shirye-shirye ita ce ƙarfafa ingancin gudanar da shari'a da rage jinkirin da ake samu a tsarin shari'ar laifuka. <ref>{{cite news |title=Erebe Urges State Counsel to have indepth knowledge of ACJ Law 2022 |url=https://moj.dl.gov.ng/lecture-on-the-administration-of-criminal-justice-law-2022/ |publisher=Delta State Ministry of Justice |date=15 August 2023 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Delta: Criminal justice law aims to eliminate justice delays – Omamuzo |url=https://nigerianobservernews.com/2023/07/delta-criminal-justice-law-aims-to-eliminate-justice-delays-omamuzo/ |work=The Nigerian Observer |date=13 July 2023 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> A cikin aikinsa na gwamnati, Erebe ya kasance mai goyon bayan amfani da hanyoyin sulhu wajen warware rikice-rikice maimakon kai dukkan matsaloli gaban kotu. Ya kuma jagoranci manufofi da shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a kan batutuwan shari'a, ciki har da yaki da safarar mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi. <ref>{{cite news |title=Fight Against Irregular Migration, Drug Abuse, Collective Responsibility of All – Erebe |url=https://www.wavesngr.com/2024/01/24/fight-against-irregular-migration-drug-abuse-collective-responsibility-of-all-_-erebe/ |work=Nigeria Waves |date=24 January 2024 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Delta: Criminal justice law aims to eliminate justice delays – Omamuzo |url=https://nigerianobservernews.com/2023/07/delta-criminal-justice-law-aims-to-eliminate-justice-delays-omamuzo/ |work=The Nigerian Observer |date=13 July 2023 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma nuna goyon baya ga ci gaban mata a harkar lauya, inda ya karfafa wa mata lauyoyi gwiwa su kasance masu himma da ƙwazo domin samun nasara a sana'arsu. <ref>{{cite news |title=Erebe Tasks Forum Of NBA Women Lawyers On Commitment to Law Practice |url=https://moj.dl.gov.ng/erebe-tasks-forum-of-nba-women-lawyers-on-commitment-to-law-practice/ |publisher=Delta State Ministry of Justice |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria == A watan Satumbar 2025, Omamuzo Erebe ya kasance cikin lauyoyi 57 da aka ɗaga zuwa mukamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin manyan karramawa a harkar shari'a ta Najeriya kuma ana ba shi ne ga lauyoyin da suka nuna ƙwarewa da gudummawa ta musamman ga fannin doka. Kafafen yaɗa labarai da dama sun bayyana cewa Erebe ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun jami'an gwamnati da suka kai wannan matsayi yayin da yake ci gaba da aiki a ma'aikatar gwamnati. <ref>{{cite news |title=Delta Solicitor-General, Omamuzo Erebe, Elevated to Rank of SAN |url=https://dailyasset.ng/delta-solicitor-general-omamuzo-erebe-elevated-to-rank-of-san/ |work=Daily Asset |date=1 October 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Staff of the Delta State ministry of justice celebrates Omamuzo Erebe over elevation |url=https://ministryofinformation.deltastate.gov.ng/staff-of-the-delta-state-ministry-of-justice-celebrates-omamuzo-erebe-over-elevation/ |publisher=Delta State Ministry of Information |date=17 October 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Karramawa == * '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' (2025). <ref>{{cite news |title=Idheze salutes Delta Solicitor General, Erebe, on elevation to SAN |url=https://thesun.ng/idheze-salutes-delta-solicitor-general-erebe-on-elevation-to-san/ |work=The Sun Nigeria |date=9 October 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} cf7o0qwbr6rs3iyhu0knhbwgvrcyeb1 0 154925 889225 847309 2026-07-30T03:11:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Oluwole Tolulope Jimi-Bada | image = | caption = Oluwole Tolulope Jimi-Bada | birth_place = Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer, Senior Advocate of Nigeria, Politician | alma mater = Obafemi Awolowo University; Nigerian Law School | known_for = Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice of Osun State | office = Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice of Osun State | term_start = 2023 }} '''Oluwole Tolulope Jimi-Bada''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, kuma babban masanin shari'a wanda ya yi fice a harkokin doka da shari'a a ƙasar. Ya kasance Babban Lauyan Gwamnatin Jihar Osun (Attorney General) kuma Kwamishinan Shari'a na jihar tun shekarar 2023. An san shi da gogewarsa a shari'o'in kundin tsarin mulki, zaɓe, da sauran manyan shari'o'i a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barr. Oluwole Jimi-Bada |url=https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/team/jimi-bada-esq/ |publisher=Osun State Government |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Oluwole Tolulope Jimi-Bada a garin Ile-Ife da ke Jihar Osun, Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a Moremi High School da ke Ile-Ife kafin ya wuce zuwa Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo inda ya samu digirin farko na lauya (LL.B). Daga nan ya halarci Makarantar Horar da Lauyoyi ta Najeriya (Nigerian Law School) da ke Bwari, Abuja, inda ya kammala horon zama lauya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barr. Oluwole Jimi-Bada |url=https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/team/jimi-bada-esq/ |publisher=Osun State Government |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Jimi-Bada ya fara aikinsa na lauya a kamfanin lauyoyi na G. A. Adeshina & Co. tsakanin shekarun 2004 zuwa 2006. Bayan haka ya yi aiki a ofishin Dr. J. O. Ibik, SAN & Associates a Jihar Enugu daga 2006 zuwa 2007. Daga bisani ya shiga F. O. Fagbohungbe & Co. a Lagos inda ya yi aiki daga 2008 zuwa 2011. A shekarar 2011 ya shiga fitaccen kamfanin lauyoyi na Wole Olanipekun & Co., sannan a shekarar 2013 ya zama babban abokin tarayya (Principal Partner) na kamfanin Wole Jimi-Bada & Co. da ke Lagos.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barr. Oluwole Jimi-Bada |url=https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/team/jimi-bada-esq/ |publisher=Osun State Government |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> A tsawon shekarunsa na aikin lauya, ya shiga cikin shari'o'i masu muhimmanci a matakan jiha, ƙasa da ma ƙasashen waje. An san shi musamman wajen gudanar da shari'o'in zaɓe da na kundin tsarin mulki, inda ya samu suna a fagen shari'a saboda kwarewarsa da fahimtarsa ta dokoki da hanyoyin gudanar da shari'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=Providence, Law, and Oluwole Jimi-Bada |url=https://thegavel.com.ng/providence-law-and-oluwole-jimi-bada/ |publisher=The Gavel |date=28 June 2023 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Mukamin Attorney General na Jihar Osun == A watan Yulin shekarar 2023, Gwamnan Jihar Osun, Ademola Adeleke, ya naɗa Jimi-Bada a matsayin Babban Lauyan Jihar Osun kuma Kwamishinan Shari'a. Bayan hawansa mukamin, ya jagoranci shirye-shiryen inganta harkokin ma'aikatar shari'a, rage cunkoso a gidajen yari, yaƙi da cin zarafin jinsi, da kuma samar da kayan aikin zamani ga lauyoyin gwamnati domin sauƙaƙa ayyukansu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barr. Oluwole Jimi-Bada |url=https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/team/jimi-bada-esq/ |publisher=Osun State Government |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> A matsayinsa na Attorney General, ya sha bayyana muhimmancin bin doka da oda a harkokin gwamnati. Haka kuma ya kasance cikin manyan jami'an gwamnatin Osun da ke kare manufofin gwamnati a fannoni daban-daban na shari'a da mulki.<ref>{{cite news |title=Attorney-General: Appointment of new Owa didn't breach any court order |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/attorney-general-appointment-of-new-owa-didnt-breach-any-court-order/ |publisher=The Nation |date=4 January 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria == A shekarar 2025, Hukumar Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee (LPPC) ta ba Oluwole Tolulope Jimi-Bada matsayi mai daraja na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi girman karramawa da lauya zai iya samu a Najeriya, kuma an ba shi ne saboda gudummawarsa ga ci gaban aikin lauya da kuma ƙwarewarsa a fannin shari'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nasarawa govt's secretary Labaran, Osun AG Jimi-Bada, 55 other lawyers get SAN rank |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nasarawa-govts-secretary-labaran-osun-ag-jimi-bada-55-other-lawyers-get-san-rank/ |publisher=The Nation |date=24 July 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> Gwamnan Jihar Osun, Ademola Adeleke, ya taya shi murnar wannan nasara, yana mai bayyana cewa wannan karin girma shaida ce ta sadaukarwa, ƙwarewa da jajircewarsa wajen tabbatar da adalci da bin doka a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adeleke felicitates Osun AG on elevation to SAN rank |url=https://www.thehopenewspaper.com/adeleke-felicitates-osun-ag-on-elevation-to-san-rank/ |publisher=The Hope Newspaper |date=30 September 2025 |access-date=4 June 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Oluwole Tolulope Jimi-Bada ya auri Dakta Olufunke Elizabeth Jimi-Bada, kuma aurensu ya samu albarkar 'ya'ya uku. An san shi da shiga harkokin taimakon jama'a da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban fannin shari'a a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barr. Oluwole Jimi-Bada |url=https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/team/jimi-bada-esq/ |publisher=Osun State Government |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Osun State]] [[Category:Obafemi Awolowo University alumni]] klgk48p5c594gpwlx1l3y4lenhnnikr 0 154987 889307 847461 2026-07-30T08:33:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Paul Babatunde Daudu | honorific_suffix = SAN | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer, Arbitrator | alma_mater = Queen Mary University of London | known_for = Litigation, Commercial Law, Arbitration, Election Petition Practice | years_active = 2008–present | organization = P.J. Eze & Co. (PJE Law) }} '''Paul Babatunde Daudu''' SAN lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, masanin harkokin shari'ar kasuwanci, sasanci (arbitration), da kuma shari'o'in zaɓe. Ya shahara a fannin aikin lauya saboda gogewarsa a kotunan Najeriya daga Babbar Kotun Jiha zuwa Kotun Ƙoli. A shekarar 2024 ne aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayi na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukaman ƙwararrun lauyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigerian Bar Association Young Lawyers Forum Congratulates Former National Chairman Paul Babatunde Daudu on SAN Conferment |url=https://blog.nigerianbar.org.ng/2024/08/04/nigerian-bar-association-young-lawyers-forum-nba-ylf-congratulates-former-national-chairman-paul-babatunde-daudu-on-san-conferment/ |publisher=Nigerian Bar Association |date=4 August 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=LPPC Elevates Ubani, Daudu, 85 Other Lawyers To SAN's Rank |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/lppc-elevates-ubani-daudu-85-other-lawyers-to-sans-rank/ |publisher=New Telegraph |date=2 August 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Paul Babatunde Daudu ya yi karatunsa a Jami'ar '''Queen Mary University of London''', inda ya fara da shirin Foundation a fannin Social Sciences a shekarar 2004. Daga bisani ya samu digirin farko na '''LL.B (Hons) Law''' a shekarar 2007, sannan ya kammala digirin digirgir na '''Master of Laws (LL.M)''' tare da sakamako na ''Distinction'' a shekarar 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our People – Paul Babatunde Daudu SAN |url=https://www.pjelaw.com/our-people |publisher=PJE Law |access-date=5 June 2026 |archive-date=5 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605084229/https://www.pjelaw.com/our-people |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin lauya == An kira Daudu zuwa Bar na Najeriya a shekarar 2008 a matsayin Barrister da Solicitor na Kotun Ƙolin Najeriya. Tun daga wannan lokaci ya gina ƙwarewa a fannonin shari'ar kasuwanci, dawo da basussuka, shari'o'in gwamnati, da kuma rikice-rikicen zaɓe. Ya wakilci hukumomin gwamnati, kamfanoni na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma manyan 'yan kasuwa a gaban kotuna daban-daban a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our People – Paul Babatunde Daudu SAN |url=https://www.pjelaw.com/our-people |publisher=PJE Law |access-date=5 June 2026 |archive-date=5 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605084229/https://www.pjelaw.com/our-people |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daudu ya kuma yi suna wajen gudanar da ƙarar zaɓe (Election Petitions), inda ya shiga cikin shari'o'i masu muhimmanci da dama da aka yanke hukuncinsu a Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara da Kotun Ƙoli. Ayyukansa sun sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sanannun lauyoyin da ke aiki a manyan shari'o'in siyasa da kasuwanci a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our People – Paul Babatunde Daudu SAN |url=https://www.pjelaw.com/our-people |publisher=PJE Law |access-date=5 June 2026 |archive-date=5 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260605084229/https://www.pjelaw.com/our-people |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gudummawa a Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya == Paul Daudu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin '''Nigerian Bar Association Young Lawyers Forum (NBA-YLF)''', inda ya kasance Shugaban Ƙasa na ƙungiyar daga shekarar 2010 zuwa 2012. A lokacin shugabancinsa ya jagoranci shirye-shirye da dama da suka mayar da hankali kan bunƙasa ƙwarewar matasan lauyoyi da inganta walwalarsu a sana'ar lauya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigerian Bar Association Young Lawyers Forum Congratulates Former National Chairman Paul Babatunde Daudu on SAN Conferment |url=https://blog.nigerianbar.org.ng/2024/08/04/nigerian-bar-association-young-lawyers-forum-nba-ylf-congratulates-former-national-chairman-paul-babatunde-daudu-on-san-conferment/ |publisher=Nigerian Bar Association |date=4 August 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Daudu ya gabatar da takarda mai taken ''The Role of the Nigerian Bar Association in Building Careers and Mentorship for Young Nigerian Lawyers'', inda ya yi kira ga ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta ƙara mayar da hankali kan horo, jagoranci da inganta ƙa'idojin sana'a ga matasan lauyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Role of the Nigerian Bar Association in Building Careers and Mentorship for Young Nigerian Lawyers |url=https://kubwaexpress.com/2022/04/01/the-role-of-the-nigerian-bar-association-in-building-careers-and-mentorship-for-young-nigerian-lawyers-by-paul-b-daudu-esq-ll-m-mciarb-uk/ |publisher=Kubwa Express News |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria == A ranar 1 ga Agusta 2024, Kwamitin Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee (LPPC) ya amince da ɗaga Paul Babatunde Daudu zuwa matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi ana ba shi ne ga lauyoyin da suka nuna ƙwarewa, nagarta da gudummawa mai muhimmanci ga ci gaban harkokin shari'a a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=LPPC Elevates Ubani, Daudu, 85 Other Lawyers To SAN's Rank |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/lppc-elevates-ubani-daudu-85-other-lawyers-to-sans-rank/ |publisher=New Telegraph |date=2 August 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NBA-YLF Congratulates Paul Babatunde Daudu on SAN Conferment |url=https://blog.nigerianbar.org.ng/2024/08/04/nigerian-bar-association-young-lawyers-forum-nba-ylf-congratulates-former-national-chairman-paul-babatunde-daudu-on-san-conferment/ |publisher=Nigerian Bar Association |date=4 August 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Ayyukan jagoranci da hidimar jama'a == Daudu yana cikin kwamitin amintattu na '''Rule of Law Development Foundation (ROLDF)''', wata ƙungiya da ke yaɗa bin doka da oda da kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya. A cikin wannan matsayi, ya ba da gudummawa wajen shirye-shiryen da suka shafi kare haƙƙin jama'a, inganta tsarin shari'a, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a kan muhimmancin bin doka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rule of Law Development Foundation – Our People |url=https://roldf.org/people.html |publisher=Rule of Law Development Foundation |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban '''Nigerian Bar Association Section on Public Interest and Development Law (NBA-SPIDEL)''', wani sashe na NBA da ke mayar da hankali kan kare muradun jama'a da ci gaban tsarin doka a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prof. Uju Agomoh, Paul Daudu, SAN, to lead new NBA-SPIDEL executive committee |url=https://lawandsocietymagazine.com/prof-uju-agomoh-paul-daudu-san-to-lead-new-nba-spidel-executive-committee/ |publisher=Law and Society Magazine |date=5 December 2025 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Alumni of Queen Mary University of London]] [[Category:Nigerian legal practitioners]] b0cjhghlceykxexj4ywx9qk4bssveo4 0 155091 889200 847783 2026-07-29T23:35:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Obad Maduabuchi | caption = Obad Maduabuchi, SAN | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer | known_for = Legal Practice | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) | profession = Barrister and Solicitor }} '''Obad Maduabuchi''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma babban lauya mai matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Ya shahara wajen bayyana ra'ayoyinsa kan harkokin shari'a, kundin tsarin mulki da kuma batutuwan siyasa a Najeriya. Maduabuchi yana daga cikin fitattun lauyoyin da ke bayyana a manyan kotuna tare da yin sharhi kan muhimman batutuwan shari'a a kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa. <ref>{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa da sana'a == Obad Maduabuchi ya yi fice a fagen aikin lauya a Najeriya, inda ya shiga cikin shari'o'i da dama masu muhimmanci tare da ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa kan tsarin mulki da gudanar da adalci. A tsawon shekarunsa na aiki, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da ake gayyata a shirye-shiryen talabijin domin yin nazari kan batutuwan shari'a da siyasa. <ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court Judgment Obliterates The Sam Anyanwu PDP Faction -Maduabuchi, SAN |url=https://forefrontng.com/supreme-court-judgment-obliterates-the-sam-anyanwu-pdp-faction-maduabuchi-san/ |work=Forefront News |date=1 May 2026 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria == A watan Yulin 2018, Kwamitin Ba da Lambar Yabo ga Lauyoyi na Najeriya (Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee) ya sanya sunan Obad Maduabuchi cikin jerin lauyoyi 31 da aka ba matsayi na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi ga lauyan da ke aikin lauya a Najeriya. Wannan matsayi yana nuna ƙwarewa da gagarumar gudummawa ga aikin shari'a a ƙasar. <ref>{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi kan tsarin shari'a == Maduabuchi ya yi fice wajen bayyana ra'ayoyinsa game da tsarin shari'ar Najeriya. A wata hira da ya yi da gidan talabijin na ARISE News, ya bayyana cewa matsalolin cin hanci a bangaren shari'a ba daga alkalai kaɗai suke tasowa ba, har ma daga masu shari'a da wasu lauyoyi da ke ƙoƙarin rinjayar hukunci. Ya kuma yi kira da a ƙara inganta hanyoyin naɗa alkalai tare da ƙarfafa tsarin sa ido domin kare mutuncin bangaren shari'a. <ref>{{cite news |title=“There Are Lawyers Who Know the Judge, Not the Law” —Oba Maduabuchi, SAN Questions Justice Nwite’s Conduct in Malami’s N8.7Billion Trial |url=https://barristerng.com/there-are-lawyers-who-know-the-judge-not-the-law-oba-maduabuchi-san-questions-justice-nwites-conduct-in-malamis-trial/ |work=BarristerNG |date=8 January 2026 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Harkokin siyasa da sharhin kundin tsarin mulki == A lokuta daban-daban, Maduabuchi ya yi sharhi kan rikice-rikicen siyasa da shari'o'in da suka shafi jam'iyyun siyasa a Najeriya. Ya bayyana ra'ayinsa kan hukuncin Kotun Koli da ya shafi rikicin cikin gida na jam'iyyar PDP, inda ya ce hukuncin ya taimaka wajen fayyace sahihin shugabancin jam'iyyar. Haka kuma ya yi tsokaci kan wasu shari'o'in da suka shafi jam'iyyun siyasa da 'yan takara a ƙasar. <ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court Judgment Obliterates The Sam Anyanwu PDP Faction -Maduabuchi, SAN |url=https://forefrontng.com/supreme-court-judgment-obliterates-the-sam-anyanwu-pdp-faction-maduabuchi-san/ |work=Forefront News |date=1 May 2026 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='A waste of judicial time' -- lawyer faults suit challenging Jonathan’s 2027 eligibility |url=https://ng.headtopics.com/news/a-waste-of-judicial-time-lawyer-faults-suit-74090876 |work=TheCable via HeadTopics |date=8 October 2025 |access-date=5 June 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Shahararrun abubuwan da suka faru == A shekarar 2023, Obad Maduabuchi ya bayyana a gaban Kotun Sauraron Ƙorafe-ƙorafen Zaɓen Shugaban Ƙasa inda ya yi ƙoƙarin wakiltar Jam'iyyar Labour Party. Sai dai kotun ta ƙi amincewa da wakilcin nasa, tana mai bayyana cewa bai kasance cikin lauyoyin da suka shigar da ƙarar ba. Lamarin ya samu kulawa sosai daga kafafen yaɗa labarai na Najeriya. <ref>{{cite news |title=Tribunal Rejects SAN's Request To Represent Labour Party |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/05/19/tribunal-rejects-sans-request-to-represent-labour-party/ |work=Channels Television |date=19 May 2023 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]] * [[Nigerian Bar Association]] * [[Judiciary of Nigeria]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian legal practitioners]] tczndmwlwq2k1ruhni3dpq8h3dvvx8v 0 155232 889297 848286 2026-07-30T07:51:15Z BnHamid 12586 889297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gwajin bututun CSF, wani lokacin gwajin bututun lumbar ko Gwajin Miller Fisher, gwajin likita ne wanda ake amfani da shi don yanke shawara ko shunting na Ruwan ƙwaƙwalwa (CSF) zai taimaka a cikin mai haƙuri tare da zargin matsin lamba na yau da kullun hydrocephalus (NPH). Gwajin ya haɗa da cire 30-50 ml na CSF ta hanyar puncture na lumbar, bayan haka ana sake tantance aikin motsi da na fahimta.[1] Sunan "Jarabawar Fisher" ya fito ne daga C. Miller Fisher, masanin ilimin jijiyoyin Kanada da ke aiki a Boston, Massachusetts, wanda ya bayyana gwajin.[2] Ingantaccen asibiti ya nuna babban darajar tsinkaya don nasarar da ta biyo baya tare da shunting. Gwajin "matsananci" yana da ƙarancin tsinkaya, kamar yadda marasa lafiya da yawa zasu iya ingantawa bayan shunt duk da rashin ci gaba bayan cire CSF.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wikkelsø, C., Hellström, P., Klinge, P. M., Tans, J. T. J., & European iNPH Multicentre Study Group |author-link3=Petra Klinge |date=2013 |title=The European iNPH Multicentre Study on the predictive values of resistance to CSF outflow and the CSF Tap Test in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus |journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=562–568 |doi=10.1136/jnnp-2012-303314 |pmid=23250963 |s2cid=6335882}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 05qpeykwggylmh58w8cyc9y61h3xl1d 0 155418 889308 879409 2026-07-30T08:35:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paul Erokoro''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan lauyoyin ƙasar da suka yi fice wajen shari'o'in tsarin mulki, zaɓe, cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma manyan rigingimun kasuwanci. Ya shahara saboda wakiltar fitattun 'yan siyasa, jami'an gwamnati da kamfanoni a gaban manyan kotunan Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da ake yawan tattaunawa da su kan batutuwan doka da shari'a a kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tendering fresh evidence at Supreme Court is herculean task – Erokoro, SAN |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/tendering-fresh-evidence-at-supreme-court-is-herculean-task-erokoro-san/ |work=Vanguard Nigeria |date=8 October 2023 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tendering fresh evidence at Supreme Court is herculean task - SAN |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/tendering-fresh-evidence-at-supreme-court-is-herculean-task-san-2024072618384625233 |work=Pulse Nigeria |date=8 October 2023 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa da karatu == Bayanan rayuwar farko da karatun Paul Erokoro ba su da yawa a cikin kafofin labarai na jama'a. Duk da haka, ya samu horo a fannin shari'a kuma ya zama memba na Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), inda daga baya ya kai matsayi na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyin da suka yi fice a aikin lauya a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=SANs seek lesser sentence for minor offence |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/jailbreaks-sans-seek-lesser-sentence-for-minor-offence-2024080420044627015 |work=Pulse Nigeria |date=7 September 2016 |access-date=6 June 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Erokoro ya yi suna a fannin shari'ar farar hula, tsarin mulki, da kuma manyan shari'o'in gwamnati. Ya wakilci fitattun mutane a wasu manyan shari'o'i da suka ja hankalin al'umma. A shekarar 2016 ya kasance cikin tawagar lauyoyin da suka kare shugaban majalisar dattawan Najeriya na lokacin, Bukola Saraki, a shari'ar da ake yi masa a Code of Conduct Tribunal (CCT).<ref>{{cite news |title=Saraki Was Richer Than Kwara Government Before He Became Governor – Lawyer |url=https://newswirengr.com/2016/05/10/saraki-was-richer-than-kwara-government-before-he-became-governor-lawyerhttpnewswirengr-comwp-adminpost-new-php/ |work=NewsWireNGR |date=10 May 2016 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CCT trial: You have something to hide – Saraki's lawyer tells FG |url=https://dailypost.ng/2016/05/10/cct-trial-you-have-something-to-hide-sarakis-lawyer-tells-fg/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=10 May 2016 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma wakilci tsohon gwamnan Jihar Gombe, Danjuma Goje, a wata shari'ar zargin almundahanar kuɗi da Hukumar EFCC ta shigar. A yayin wannan shari'a, Erokoro ya yi suka kan yadda aka gudanar da binciken da ya kai ga gurfanar da wanda yake karewa.<ref>{{cite news |title=EFCC sponsoring fake petition against Goje, lawyer alleges |url=https://punchng.com/efcc-sponsoring-fake-petition-against-goje-lawyer-alleges/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=13 July 2019 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> == Shari'o'in da suka shahara == Paul Erokoro ya shiga cikin wasu manyan shari'o'i masu ɗaukar hankalin jama'a. A shekarar 2015 ya wakilci Sanata Ben Ayade a wata ƙara da ta shafi zargin sauya shekar haihuwa, inda ya kare sahihancin bayanan da gwamnan ya gabatar wa INEC da jam'iyyarsa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Ayade Didn’t Falsify Age, Lawyer Says |url=https://www.theinfostride.com/gov-ayade-didnt-falsify-age-lawyer-says-%E2%80%A2accuses-san-of-media-trial/ |work=InfoStride News |date=17 June 2015 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022 ya kasance lauya ga James Nolan, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake tuhuma a shari'ar da ta shafi kamfanin Process and Industrial Developments (P&ID), inda ya yi muhawara da masu gabatar da ƙara kan yadda ake tafiyar da shari'ar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alleged P&ID scam: EFCC accuses Briton’s lawyer of delay tactics |url=https://www.nationalaccordnewspaper.com/alleged-pid-scam-efcc-accuses-britons-lawyer-of-delay-tactics/ |work=National Accord Newspaper |date=23 March 2022 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma ya kasance cikin lauyoyin da suka bayyana a wasu manyan shari'o'in da suka shafi zargin almundahanar kuɗi da kuma aikata laifukan kuɗaɗe a kotunan tarayya da ke Abuja.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alleged N2bn FIRS Fraud: Defence Counsel’s Absence Stalls Ita’s Trial |url=https://www.lawyard.org/news/alleged-n2bn-firs-fraud-defence-counsels-absence-stalls-itas-trial/ |work=Lawyard |date=19 February 2024 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alleged N109bn fraud: I never engaged Paul Erokoro, other lawyers to represent me before EFCC — Ex-AGF Idris |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/alleged-n109bn-fraud-i-never-engaged-paul-erokoro-other-lawyers-to-represent-me-before-efcc-ex-agf-idris/ |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=13 February 2026 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi kan harkokin shari'a == A matsayinsa na babban lauya, Erokoro ya sha bayyana ra'ayoyinsa kan gyaran tsarin shari'ar Najeriya. Ya goyi bayan amfani da hukuncin aikin al'umma (community service) maimakon ɗaurin kurkuku ga wasu ƙananan laifuffuka domin rage cunkoso a gidajen yari. Haka kuma ya yi kira da a ƙara amfani da hanyoyin gyaran hali maimakon hukuncin tsarewa ga masu aikata ƙananan laifuka.<ref>{{cite news |title=SANs seek lesser sentence for minor offence |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/jailbreaks-sans-seek-lesser-sentence-for-minor-offence-2024080420044627015 |work=Pulse Nigeria |date=7 September 2016 |access-date=6 June 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2023 ya yi bayanin cewa gabatar da sabbin hujjoji a Kotun Koli bayan kammala shari'a abu ne mai matuƙar wahala, domin dokokin Najeriya sun tanadi tsauraran sharudda kafin a amince da irin waɗannan hujjoji.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tendering fresh evidence at Supreme Court is herculean task – Erokoro, SAN |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/tendering-fresh-evidence-at-supreme-court-is-herculean-task-erokoro-san/ |work=Vanguard Nigeria |date=8 October 2023 |access-date=6 June 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]] * [[Nigerian Bar Association]] * [[Bukola Saraki]] * [[Ben Ayade]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Erokoro, Paul}} [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian legal practitioners]] 33o51yt0zoz53zvsejkxnv1znxi5871 0 155820 889196 851191 2026-07-29T22:56:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rubutu mai gwaɓi''''''Ma'aikatan jinya na tabin hankali da lafiyar kwakwalwa a Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojojin Amurka''' suna amfani da sabbin dabaru da jiyya a cikin batutuwan tabin hankali don magance ƙalubalen da maza da mata ke fuskanta, galibi matsalar damuwa bayan rauni da raunin kwakwalwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness {{!}} Veterans & Active Duty |url=http://www.nami.org/Find-Support/Veterans-and-Active-Duty |access-date=2016-11-08 |website=www.nami.org |archive-date=2016-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112131956/http://www.nami.org/Find-Support/Veterans-and-Active-Duty |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawancin mutane sun fahimci cewa fallasa rauni wani hatsari ne da ya shahara ga membobin sojoji. Binciken tabin hankali, kafin da lokacin shigarsu cikin aikin soja, da kuma jiyya bayan sun fuskanci yaƙi, mutuwa, halaka, da azabtarwa sun kasance masu matuƙar amfani ga ma'aikatan soja da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinsu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pols |first=Hans |last2=Oak |first2=Stephanie |date=2016-11-10 |title=WAR & Military Mental Health |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=97 |issue=12 |pages=2132–2142 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2006.090910 |issn=0090-0036 |pmc=2089086 |pmid=17971561}}</ref> Ma'aikatan jinya na tabin hankali da na lafiyar kwakwalwa suna kula da mutanen da aka gano suna da cututtuka kamar schizophrenia, matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali, matsalar bipolar, da baƙin ciki. An kuma horar da su a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wanda ke ba wa waɗannan ma'aikatan jinya damar koyar da marasa lafiya da ƙaunatattunsu yadda za su magance, mayar da martani, da kuma shawo kan ƙalubalen da ke tattare da cututtuka daban-daban na tabin hankali. Ma'aikatan jinya a fannin ilimin tabin hankali da lafiyar kwakwalwa za su iya tantancewa, bincikawa, da kuma kula da marasa lafiya da ke da cututtukan kwakwalwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychiatric Nurse |url=https://www.discovernursing.com/specialty/psychiatric-nurse#.WCIATS0rKUk |access-date=2016-11-08 |website=DiscoverNursing.com {{!}} Campaign for Nursing |archive-date=2016-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109021800/https://www.discovernursing.com/specialty/psychiatric-nurse#.WCIATS0rKUk |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda ke da horo mai kyau suna iya gano da fahimtar buƙatu da halayen neman taimako na membobin sojoji, kuma tare da ƙwarewar al'adun soja da ilimin game da raunin damuwa, gami da lalacewar kwakwalwa, suna iya isar da kulawa mai ma'ana ga marasa lafiya da ke da gogewa a al'adun soja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Military Culture Implications for Mental Health and Nursing Care |url=http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-20-2015/No1-Jan-2015/Military-Culture-Implications.html |access-date=2016-11-10 |website=www.nursingworld.org}}</ref> [[Fayil:EmergencyPsychiatryProcess.PNG|thumb|Tsarin Gaggawa na Ilimin Hauka]] == Ayyuka da nauyi == * Rigakafin cututtukan kwakwalwa ta hanyar ayyukan inganta lafiyar kwakwalwa, shiga tsakani lokacin da matsalolin lafiyar motsin rai da ta hankali suka taso, da kuma daidaita mutane a matakin da suka fi dacewa a ayyukansu * Bayar da kulawa ta musamman ga mutanen da ke cikin damuwa a cikin motsin rai, duka a matsayin marasa lafiya da kuma marasa lafiya marasa lafiya, da kuma ba da shawarwari a cikin al'umma baki ɗaya. * Gudanar da shawarwari ga marasa lafiya, shiga tsakani a cikin rikicin, kula da magunguna, kula da yanayi da rukuni, da kuma yin bayani game da matsalolin da suka faru (CISD) * Yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararre a fannin ilimi, mai ba da shawara, kuma mai ba da shawara kan batutuwan lafiyar kwakwalwa ga shugabannin sassa da ma'aikata da kuma marasa lafiya da iyalansu * Daidaita kula da tabin hankali na waje a cikin layin sabis na kula da lafiyar ɗabi'a * Gudanar da binciken lafiya kan cututtuka masu mahimmanci na soja * Gudanar, kulawa da kuma shiga cikin ilimin likitanci na digiri da horar da sauran ma'aikatan lafiya * Sauƙaƙa buƙatun zamantakewa da na motsin rai * Kula da jadawalin magunguna * Kimanta ci gaban mai haƙuri * Kiyaye muhalli mai aminci === Mukamai na musamman na aiki === Tushe: * Ma'aikacin Asibitin Masu tabin hankali ko Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jinya * Babbar ma'aikaciyar jinya a shirin kula da barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi * Manyan mukamai na aiki kamar Likitan Lafiyar Hauka da Jinya * Shugaban sashen asibiti * Malami * Daraktan shirye-shirye * Memba na kamfanin likitanci na yaƙi da damuwa ko kuma sashen kiwon lafiya === Bukatu === [[Fayil:Join_the_Army_Nurse_Corps_-_poster,_1943.jpg|thumb|Hoton "Shiga Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojoji", kusan watan Yunin 1943]] ==== Aikin da ke aiki ==== * Digiri na farko a fannin aikin jinya daga shirin aikin jinya da aka amince da shi * Tsakanin shekaru 21 zuwa 42 * Lasisin aikin jinya na yanzu, mai inganci da mara iyaka * zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka ==== Wurin ajiye sojoji ==== Tushe: * Mafi ƙarancin digiri na farko ko na associate a fannin jinya ko difloma a fannin jinya daga makarantar koyon aikin jinya da aka amince da ita * Aƙalla shekara ɗaya na ƙwarewa a fannin kula da tabin hankali * Tsakanin shekaru 21 zuwa 42 * Lasisin aikin jinya na yanzu, mai inganci da mara iyaka * Ɗan ƙasar Amurka ko zama na dindindin === Horarwa === ==== Aikin da ke aiki ==== A cikin Rundunar Sojan Amurka, ƙwarewar ma'aikatan jinya daban-daban wajen kula da Sojoji da iyalansu ta fi ta fannin kula da lafiya na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Jami'an Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojoji suna da damar yin amfani da fasahar zamani mafi inganci, damar yin shawarwari da ƙwararru a fannin soja da na masu zaman kansu, da kuma damar samun ci gaba na ƙwararru na musamman, waɗanda za su iya haɗawa amma ba'a iyakance su ga ci gaba da ilimi mai biyan kuɗi ba, ƙwarewa a fannin asibiti, da kuma wuraren zama. ==== Wurin ajiye sojoji ==== Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sojojin ta fara ne da Darasin Shugabancin Jami'an Soja (BOLC), wani shiri na tsawon makonni uku wanda zai fallasa ma'aikatan jinya ga nau'ikan kalubalen tunani da na jiki da za su fuskanta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar kula da lafiya ta Sojojin Amurka. 'Yan takara suna koyo game da tsarin Rundunar Soja game da kula da lafiya da kansu, suna horarwa tare da wasu ƙwararru, da kuma halartar laccoci, tarurruka, da zanga-zangar da suka shafi komai daga kwastomomin Sojojin Amurka zuwa hanyoyin magance rikici. Wasu 'yan takara ma suna da damar shiga cikin kwaikwayon likita na sashin lafiya a filin wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan kammala BOLC, ma'aikatan jinya za su fara aiki da sashin Reserve aƙalla kwana biyu a kowane wata, kuma su shiga horo na shekara-shekara na akalla makonni biyu a kowace shekara. A wannan lokacin, ayyukan na iya haɗawa da halartar tarurrukan ƙwararru da darussan ilimin soja ko na jinya da Sojojin Amurka ke bayarwa da kuma damar yin aiki a wurare daban-daban na kiwon lafiya, ko a asibiti na zamani, yin aiki tare da ƙwararru a yanayi daban-daban na asibiti ko kuma kula da ƙwararrun ma'aikata a sashin likitanci na filin. == Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Soja ta Ƙasa ta Walter Reed == [[Fayil:Logo_of_the_Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center.png|thumb|Tambarin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Soja ta Walter Reed]] Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Soja ta Walter Reed, wacce aka fi sani da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sojojin Walter Reed kuma an buɗe ta daga Mayu 1909 zuwa Agusta 2011 sannan aka sake haɗa ta da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sojan Ruwa ta Ƙasa, tana cikin Washington, DC kuma tana hidimar ma'aikatan soja sama da 150,000 masu aiki da waɗanda suka yi ritaya daga dukkan rassanta, tana karɓar marasa lafiya 16,000 a kowace shekara. A matsayinta na mai ba da kulawa ta musamman da cibiyar tura marasa lafiya ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Yankin Arewa maso Atlantic, WRNMMC tana ba da damammaki iri-iri na asibiti da ilimi da kuma mai da hankali kan haɗakar kulawar marasa lafiya, koyarwa, da damar bincike. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Walter Reed National Military Medical Center - Bethesda, Maryland |url=http://www.goarmy.com/amedd/health-care/facilities/walter-reed-army-medical-center.html |access-date=2016-11-08 |website=goarmy.com |archive-date=2016-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109023022/http://www.goarmy.com/amedd/health-care/facilities/walter-reed-army-medical-center.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Bincike === Binciken farko ya fara ne a shekarun 1950 tare da ilimin electrophysiology na jijiyoyi a cikin tsarin gani ya samar da tushe ga kyautar Nobel ta Dr. David Hubel a fannin likitanci a shekarar 1981. An kiyaye wannan ma'aunin ƙwarewa tare da shekaru na ƙirƙira na bincike wanda ya haifar da fiye da haƙƙin mallaka da yawa don gudummawar kimiyya da wallafe-wallafe da yawa a cikin mujallu masu tasiri kamar Kimiyya, Yanayi, Jaridar Magunguna ta New England, da Jaridar Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amurka . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=WRAIR - Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience |url=http://wrair-www.army.mil/ReAndDevelop_MilPsychiatryAndNeuroscienceResearch.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111165142/http://wrair-www.army.mil/ReAndDevelop_MilPsychiatryAndNeuroscienceResearch.aspx |archive-date=January 11, 2012 |access-date=2016-11-15 |website=wrair-www.army.mil}}</ref> ==== Sashen Binciken Lafiya na Sojojin Amurka - Turai ==== Sashen Binciken Lafiya na Sojojin Amurka - Turai (USAMRU-E), wani ƙaramin kwamandan Cibiyar Sojoji ta Ƙasa ta Walter Reed, yana nan a Heidelberg, Jamus a halin yanzu. USAMRU-E tana gudanar da binciken ilimin halayyar ɗan adam don karewa, ingantawa, da haɓaka juriyar tunani ga membobin sojoji yayin da kuma ke nazarin abubuwan da za su iya shafar matsalolin da ke faruwa a yanzu a kan rundunar da kuma mutum ɗaya da iyalinsa. USAMRU-E tana mai da hankali kan kimanta lafiyar ɗabi'a da umarni ke jagoranta da kuma haɓaka da tabbatar da horon juriya don zagayowar tura sojoji da tsarin ilimin soja na ƙwararru. A USAMRU-E, mutane suna fuskantar nau'ikan damuwa iri-iri waɗanda za su iya yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar ɗabi'u da walwalarsu. Kimanin kashi 20% na waɗanda aka fallasa sun ba da rahoton manyan matsalolin lafiyar ɗabi'a bayan sun dawo daga yaƙi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WRAIR - Subordinate Command. USAMRU-E |url=http://wrair-www.army.mil/Subordinate_UsamruE.aspx?id=USE |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116021549/http://wrair-www.army.mil/Subordinate_UsamruE.aspx?id=USE |archive-date=November 16, 2016 |access-date=2016-11-15 |website=wrair-www.army.mil}}</ref> === Shirin Ba da Shawara kan Harkokin Lafiyar Jama'a na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Babban Birnin Tarayya (National Capital Consortium) === Shirin Kula da Lafiyar Masu Ciwon Hauka na Babban Birnin Tarayya (NCC), wanda aka fara a shekarar 1996, shiri ne na musamman kuma mai kirkire-kirkire na ilimin likitanci na digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin tabin hankali ga kwararrun likitocin soja. Fiye da shekaru sittin, masu binciken tabin hankali na kwakwalwa a Cibiyar Bincike ta Sojojin Walter Reed sun yi aiki don fahimtar, hana, da kuma magance barazanar da ba a fahimta ba da kuma rashin magani ga lafiyar membobin sojoji da aikinsu wanda kawai yake "cikin tunaninsu." <ref name=":2"/> Cibiyoyin likitanci na soja guda uku, WRNMMC, Asibitin Al'umma na Fort Belvoir (FBCH), da Jami'ar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Uniformed Services (USUHS), suna da hannu a cikin wannan shirin kula da lafiyar tabin hankali tare da kiyaye al'adar ƙwarewa a ilimin likitanci na digiri na biyu. Mazauna NCC masu ilimin tabin hankali koyaushe suna samun maki a cikin mafi girma a cikin ƙasar akan jarrabawar horo na yau da kullun kuma adadi mai yawa na waɗanda suka kammala karatun sun ci gaba da zama shugabannin ƙasa da na duniya a fannin ilimin tabin hankali. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The National Capital Consortium Psychiatry Residency Program - Walter Reed National Military Medical Center |url=http://www.wrnmmc.capmed.mil/ResearchEducation/GME/SitePages/Psychiatry/Residency.aspx |access-date=2016-11-10 |website=wrnmmc.capmed.mil |archive-date=2016-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110111955/http://www.wrnmmc.capmed.mil/ResearchEducation/GME/SitePages/Psychiatry/Residency.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Bayanin shirin ==== Shirin Kula da Lafiyar Sojoji na Babban Birnin Tarayya shiri ne na shekaru huɗu wanda aka tsara don shirya likitocin sojoji da ma'aikatan jinya don yin aikin kula da tabin hankali na gabaɗaya a cikin sojoji da kuma a cikin al'umma bayan an sallame su daga aikin soja. Manufar shirin ita ce horar da likitocin sojoji da ma'aikatan jinya don zama ƙwararrun likitocin tabin hankali da ma'aikatan jinya na tabin hankali a cikin ayyuka daban-daban na gaba da za su cika, tun daga ayyukan likitanci na soja zuwa wuraren kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa da yawa zuwa kulawa ta farko da sauran wuraren tiyata na likitanci. Waɗanda suka yi rajista a cikin shirin kula da tabin hankali suna amfani da dabarun kimiyyar zamantakewa da binciken tabin hankali don fahimta da magance matsin lamba da yawa na rayuwar soja da ke shafar "lafiyar kwakwalwa" da "juriyar hankali." Ilimin tabin hankali na soja, ilimin tabin hankali, da ilimin tabin hankali sune fannoni masu ƙarfi musamman da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansu a cikin shirin. Membobin malamai sun haɗa da shugabanni da aka sani a ƙasa a fannoni da dama na ilimin tabin hankali, gami da ilimin tabin hankali, nazarin kwakwalwa, ilimin tabin hankali na yara da matasa, ilimin tabin hankali na tattaunawa, da ilimin tabin hankali na soja . <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=WRAIR - Military Psychiatry |url=http://wrair-www.army.mil/ReAndDevelop_MilPsycAndNeuro_MilitaryPsychiatry.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215054939/http://wrair-www.army.mil/ReAndDevelop_MilPsycAndNeuro_MilitaryPsychiatry.aspx |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=2016-11-15 |website=army.mil}}</ref> Shirin yana bayar da damar horar da yara kanana ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Mazauna sojoji na iya neman tallafin ilimin tabin hankali na yara 3+2, kuma idan an yarda da su, za su iya kammala horon ilimin tabin hankali na gabaɗaya da na yara da matasa cikin jimillar shekaru biyar. Akwai kuma shirin horar da likitanci na ciki da na tabin hankali na shekaru biyar wanda NCC Psychiatry da Internal Medicine suka bayar. Waɗanda suka kammala wannan shirin haɗin gwiwa suna cika buƙatun da ake buƙata don kammala karatunsu daga wuraren zama da kuma takardar shaidar hukumar kula da tabin hankali a fannin ilimin tabin hankali da na ciki. Haka kuma suna amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na hirar mutum ɗaya da ƙaramin rukuni, gwaje-gwaje na tunani na yau da kullun da na musamman, da kuma matakan da suka dace kamar ƙimar kashe kai, sake shiga, da kuma matsalar damuwa bayan rauni (PTSD), don yin kimantawa mai faɗi na lafiyar iyali da sojoji da kuma ba da shawarar canje-canje ga tsari, horo, da jagoranci. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":3"/> == Manazarta == 9aafyvanpvitpyow88sjh4yzngrjyhf 0 156079 889002 852038 2026-07-29T15:21:04Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 889002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Konde-Lule''' masanin ilimin zamantakewar al'umma ne na [[Uganda]] da ya yi ritaya kuma masanin ilimin cututtukan cututtuka wanda ya gudanar da aiki mai zurfi game da halayen haɗarin [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] a yankunan karkara na Uganda. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Makerere_University,_Main_Administration_Block(main_building).JPG|alt=|left|thumb|Jami'ar Makerere]] Joseph Konde-Lule yana da digiri a matsayin Bachelor of Medicine da Bachelor of Surgery da kuma Master of Public Health. Ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Epidemiology & Biostatistics, yanzu a ƙarƙashin Makarantar Lafiya ta Jama'a, a Jami'ar Makerere a Uganda daga 1977 har zuwa 2014. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban farko na sashen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2014-10-31 |title=Associate Professor Joseph Konde Lule says Adieu to Makerere University |url=https://chs.mak.ac.ug/content/associate-professor-joseph-konde-lule-says-adieu-makerere-university |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603191601/https://chs.mak.ac.ug/content/associate-professor-joseph-konde-lule-says-adieu-makerere-university |archive-date=2020-06-03 |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=Makerere University College Of Health Sciences {{!}} MakCHS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Experience and Recollections from the Faculties, Schools, Institutes and Centres |url=https://codesria.org |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=June 12, 2020 |website=}}</ref> A cikin aikinsa, Konde-Lule ya tara littattafai sama da saba'in da biyu zuwa sunansa, da yawa daga cikinsu suna mai da hankali kan fahimtar abubuwan da ke tattare da cutar kanjamau da yaduwarta a cikin Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseph KONDE-LULE {{!}} MBChB, MSc, DPH {{!}} Makerere University, Kampala {{!}} Department of Epidemic& Biostatistics |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joseph_Konde-Lule |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukansa a cikin binciken kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya fara ne da rubutun sa wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yaduwar [[Tunjere|syphilis]] da kuma yadda fahimtar kwayar cutar, ko rashin ta, ke ba da damar ci gaba da yaduwa a cikin al'ummomi. Daga baya ya yi amfani da wannan bayanan bincike don fahimtar yaduwar cutar kanjamau / AIDS lokacin da ya fara aiki a Kasangati, Uganda a shekarar 1987. == Bincike a Rakai, yankunan karkara na Uganda == [[Fayil:Annual_Uganda_AIDS_deaths.svg|alt=|thumb|Sabbin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a kowace shekara, da mutuwar cutar kanjamao da ke faruwa a cikin shekara a Uganda; bayanai daga UNAIDS AIDSinfo]] Masana ilimin cututtukan cututtuka sun yarda da cewa raguwar yaduwar cutar kanjamau a Uganda yafi saboda kokarin da aka mayar da hankali kan canza halayyar; cutar kanjamao a halin yanzu ba tare da magani ba. Sabili da haka, don yaduwar ta ragu, yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar dole ne su ragu. Uganda ta kirkiro "ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen ilimin cutar kanjamau mafi girma a Afirka" a wani bangare saboda dabarun ragewa da aka tsara daga aikin da aka gudanar a Rakai tun daga shekarar 1989. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Wawer |first=Maria J. |last2=Sewankambo |first2=Nelson K. |last3=Berkley |first3=Seth |last4=Serwadda |first4=David |last5=Musgrave |first5=Stanley D. |last6=Gray |first6=Ronald H. |last7=Musagara |first7=Maako |last8=Stallings |first8=Rebecca Y. |last9=Konde-Lule |first9=Joseph K. |date=1994 |title=Incidence Of HIV-1 Infection In A Rural Region Of Uganda |url= |journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal |volume=308 |issue=6922 |pages=171–173 |doi=10.1136/bmj.308.6922.171 |issn=0959-8138 |jstor=29722250 |pmc=2542521 |pmid=8312767}}</ref> Shirin Rakai wani shiri ne na bincike wanda Jami'ar Columbia da Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda suka tallafawa don fahimtar cutar da yaduwarta. Dangane da aikin da wannan shirin bincike ya gudanar, an gano cewa al'ummomi uku galibi suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a Uganda: waɗanda ke kusa da cibiyoyin kasuwanci, ƙananan ƙauyuka da ke kan hanyoyi na biyu, da ƙauyukan noma na karkara.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Konde-Lule |first=Joseph K. |last2=Sewankambo |first2=N. |last3=Morris |first3=Martina |date=1997 |title=Adolescent sexual networking and HIV transmission in rural Uganda |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40652295 |journal=Health Transition Review |volume=7 |pages=89–100 |issn=1036-4005 |jstor=40652295 |pmid=10184747}}</ref> Tasirin dabarun hana cutar ta Uganda ya haɗa da gaskiyar cewa an mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau. Don haka, tare da lokaci da kuma shirye-shiryen bincike da aka yi niyya, mutane kalilan da suka kamu da kwayar cutar kanjamau kuma yaduwar ta fara raguwa. [[Fayil:Rakai_District_in_Uganda.svg|left|thumb|Yanayin Rakai a cikin Uganda]] Babban aikin Dr. Joseph Konde-Lule ya faru ne a cikin aikinsa a kan Rakai Project . Yawancin binciken Rakai na Dr. Joseph Konde-Lule sun nemi tantance yawan mutanen da ke da haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a Uganda. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga binciken da aka gano cewa mutane da yawa a cikin gundumar Rakai sun nuna kyakkyawar fahimta game da cutar kanjamau da dabarun rigakafi, kamar amfani da kwaroron roba, duk da haka har yanzu suna fuskantar yawan kamuwa da cuta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Wawer |first=Maria J. |last2=Sewankambo |first2=Nelson K. |last3=Berkley |first3=Seth |last4=Serwadda |first4=David |last5=Musgrave |first5=Stanley D. |last6=Gray |first6=Ronald H. |last7=Musagara |first7=Maako |last8=Stallings |first8=Rebecca Y. |last9=Konde-Lule |first9=Joseph K. |date=1994 |title=Incidence Of HIV-1 Infection In A Rural Region Of Uganda |url= |journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal |volume=308 |issue=6922 |pages=171–173 |doi=10.1136/bmj.308.6922.171 |issn=0959-8138 |jstor=29722250 |pmc=2542521 |pmid=8312767}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWawerSewankamboBerkleySerwadda1994">Wawer, Maria J.; Sewankambo, Nelson K.; Berkley, Seth; Serwadda, David; Musgrave, Stanley D.; Gray, Ronald H.; Musagara, Maako; Stallings, Rebecca Y.; Konde-Lule, Joseph K. (1994). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542521 "Incidence Of HIV-1 Infection In A Rural Region Of Uganda"]. ''BMJ: British Medical Journal''. '''308''' (6922): <span class="nowrap">171–</span>173. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6922.171|10.1136/bmj.308.6922.171]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-8138 0959-8138]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/29722250 29722250]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542521 2542521]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8312767 8312767].</cite></ref> Musamman, binciken ya gano cewa mutanen da ke kula da gidan suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau, yana nuna hanyoyin da cutar za ta iya tasiri ga tattalin arziki da tsarin zamantakewa a cikin iyali. Ƙarin haɗarin haɗari sun haɗa da aiki wanda ke buƙatar motsi da ƙaura da shiga cikin tattalin arzikin kuɗi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nalugoda |first=Fred |last2=Wawer |first2=Maria J. |last3=Konde-Lule |first3=Joseph K. |last4=Menon |first4=Rekha |last5=Gray |first5=Ronald H. |last6=Serwadda |first6=David |last7=Sewankambo |first7=Nelson K. |last8=Li |first8=Chuanjin |date=1997 |title=HIV infection in rural households, Rakai District,Uganda |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40652330 |journal=Health Transition Review |volume=7 |pages=127–140 |issn=1036-4005 |jstor=40652330}}</ref> Baya ga gano wadannan kungiyoyin masu haɗari, aikin Konde-Lule a Rakai ya nemi fahimtar hanyoyin sadarwar jima'i na watsawa. Musamman sha'awa ga manufofin nan gaba sun haɗa da gano cewa 'yan mata suna da ƙimar kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau fiye da yara maza na wannan shekarun da alama saboda gaskiyar cewa' yan mata sun fi dacewa da yin jima'i da tsofaffi maza, ƙungiyar da ke da ƙimar cutar kanjamawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan yara maza a cikin al'umma. Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da suka yi aure suna nuna yaduwar cutar kanjamau fiye da mutanen da ba su yi aure ba, binciken da ya saba wa hasashe na baya.[1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 50tf4tpf1ulrzpv4ablzzpml48fzpmq 0 156264 889328 879899 2026-07-30T09:56:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889328 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox person |name=Pelumi Jacob Olajengbesi|image=|birth_date=12 August 1986 |education=[[Bachelor of Laws |LL.B]]<br>[[Master of Laws |LL.M]] |alma_mater=[[University of Abuja]] |occupation=[[Lawyer]] |known_for=[[Advocacy]]|awards= |honours=}} Pelumi Jacob Olajengbesi lauya ce kuma marubuciya a Najeriya da ke zaune a [[Abuja]]. Shi ne mai tarawa na yanzu na Coalition of Public Interests Lawyers and Advocates (COPA) a Najeriya kuma Babban Abokin Hulɗa a kamfanin lauya na Abuja, Law Corridor. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], Olajengbesi ya halarci Makarantar Manuwa Memorial Grammar School Iju Odo, da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Kristi, [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]].<ref name="ls2">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018 |title=Pelumi Jacob Olajengbesi: Graceful Philanthropist, Ready For Service |url=https://leadership.ng/371697-2/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref>Ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Ilimi a Ikere, [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]] inda ya sami Takardar shaidar Kasa a Ilimi kafin ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Abuja]] inda ya sami digiri na farko a Shari'a <ref name="ls">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018 |title=Pelumi Jacob Olajengbesi: Graceful Philanthropist, Ready For Service |url=https://leadership.ng/371697-2/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Gwamnatin Tarayyar Dalibai.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-01-15 |title=2019: Ex-UniAbuja Student Leader Joins Osun Election Race |url=https://thewhistler.ng/2019-ex-uniabuja-student-leader-joins-osun-election-race/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Whistler (newspaper)|The Whistler]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oyewole |first=Ayomide |date=2018-10-09 |title=Osun House of Assembly: Ex-UniAbuja SUG President Emerges PDP Candidate |url=https://www.lagostelevision.com/osun-house-of-assembly-ex-uniabuja-sug-president-emerges-pdp-candidate/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=[[Lagos Television]] |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621200356/https://www.lagostelevision.com/osun-house-of-assembly-ex-uniabuja-sug-president-emerges-pdp-candidate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, an kira shi zuwa Kotun Shari'a ta Najeriya a matsayin Barrister da Solicitor na Kotun Koli na Tarayyar Najeriya bayan kammala shirin makarantar shari'a a Kwalejin Shari'a na Legas, Najeriya. Ya kafa LAW Corridor a cikin 2017, inda ya ci gaba da aikinsa na shari'a tare da mai da hankali kan dokar Jama'a. <ref name="ls" /> <ref name="co">{{Cite web |date= |title=About us |url=https://lawcorridor.com/about-us/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=LAW Corridor |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524235757/https://lawcorridor.com/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Olajengbesi ya fara aikin lauya a karkashin jagorancin sanannen lauya, Dokta [[Kayode Ajulo]] na Kayode Ajulu Castle of Law . A shekara ta 2016, ya kafa wani aiki mai zaman kansa, Pelumi Olajengbesi & Co., sannan daga baya Co-kafa Law Corridor kuma yana zaune a kan kwamitin da kuma amintaccen kungiyoyin farar hula da yawa.<ref name="co"/><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Pelumi Olajengbesi |url=https://pelumiolajengbesi.com/attorney/pelumi-olajengbesi/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Pelumi Olajengbesi & Co. |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818225834/https://pelumiolajengbesi.com/attorney/pelumi-olajengbesi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, ya yi takara don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Oriade / Obogun a Majalisar Wakilai a karkashin [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a]] (PDP) kafin ya sauka don dan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-09-09 |title=EX-SUG president wins PDP ticket to run for Osun assembly seat |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/ex-sug-president-wins-pdp-ticket-run-osun-assembly-seat/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |newspaper=[[TheCable]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-09-09 |title=Osun House of Assembly: Ex-UniAbuja SUG president emerges PDP candidate |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/osun-house-of-assembly-ex-uniabuja-sug-president-emerges-pdp-candidate/amp/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref>Ya kuma kasance dan takarar jam'iyyar a Majalisar Dokokin Jiha kuma ya kasance mai aiki a fagen siyasa a matsayin mai sharhi da marubuci.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Olajengbesi |first=Pelumi |date=2022-04-22 |title=Fee Or Ransom Money? A Call On Nigerian Youths To Revolt Against Apc At The 2023 Polls By Pelumi Olajengbesi Esq. |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/04/22/fee-or-ransom-money-call-nigerian-youths-revolt-against-apc-2023-polls-pelumi-olajengbesi |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |location=New York City, United States |newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Olaniyi |first=Segun |date=2017-09-13 |title=Lawyer flays Malami for suing senator |url=https://guardian.ng/news/lawyer-flays-malami-for-suing-senator/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> Pelumi Olajengbesi an san ta da mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kayode |first=Oyero |date=2022-03-26 |title=Atiku: Timi Dakolo should not be criticised for doing his job –Lawyer |url=https://punchng.com/atiku-timi-dakolo-should-not-be-criticised-for-doing-his-job-lawyer/?amp |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olaniyi |first=Segun |date=2020-10-15 |title=Lawyers coalition urges FCTA to rescind ban on protest |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/lawyers-coalition-urges-fcta-to-rescind-ban-on-protest/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=The Eagle Online |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2021, ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Yoruba Nation Activists da Shugabansu Cif Sunday Adeyemo (Sunday Igboho) a kan Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Gwamnatin Najeriya kuma ya tabbatar da sakin duk masu fafutuka da Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya ta kama da tsare a lokacin shari'arsu ta ta'addanci.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-08-27 |title=Lawyer gives DSS ultimatum to release Sunday Igboho's aides |url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/lawyer-dss-ultimatum-release-sunday-igbohos-aides-385234/amp |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Today.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-10-21 |title=DSS releases two of Sunday Igboho's aides after 114 days |url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/dss-releases-sunday-igbohos-aides-114-days-395739/amp |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Today.ng |language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma shiga cikin batutuwan da dama da suka hada da tashin hankali na jinsi da bashin bashi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ogunsile |first=Richard |date= |title=Osinachi Husband's Arrest – Abuja Lawyer Reacts To FCT Police Move |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2022/04/11/osinachi-husbands-arrest-abuja-lawyer-reacts-to-fct-police-move/?amp |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |newspaper=[[Naija News]] |archive-date=2022-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411115933/https://www.naijanews.com/2022/04/11/osinachi-husbands-arrest-abuja-lawyer-reacts-to-fct-police-move/?amp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Olajengbesi |first=Pelumi |date=2022-03-15 |title=The Fight Against Loan Sharks In Nigeria, By Pelumi Olajengbesi Esq. |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/03/15/fight-against-loan-sharks-nigeria-pelumi-olajengbesi-esq |access-date=2022-04-24 |language=en |location=New York City, United States |newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] jcoimxxly885p2ars9oi6o5ak65f499 0 156438 889167 853779 2026-07-29T21:21:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography | name = Nomad | image = | caption = | author = [[Romeo Oriogun]] | country = Nigeria | language = English | genre = Poetry | publisher = Griots Lounge Publishing | pub_date = 2022 | media_type = Print | pages = 116 | isbn = }} '''''Nomad''''' tarin shayari ne na 2022 na mawaki da marubucin Najeriya [[Romeo Oriogun]] . Griots Lounge Publishing ce ta buga shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomad |url=https://web.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/bib/b23144487 |access-date=8 June 2026 |website=New York Public Library Research Catalog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=Creative Writing Postdoc Fellow, Romeo Oriogun, has "Nomads", a new collection published from Nigerian Publisher, Griots' Lounge |url=https://engl.iastate.edu/2022/03/17/creative-writing-postdoc-fellow-romeo-oriogun-has-nomads-a-new-collection-published-from-nigerian-publisher-griots-lounge/ |access-date=8 June 2026 |website=Iowa State University Department of English}}</ref> Tarin ya biyo bayan tafiye-tafiye a fadin Afirka ta Yamma, [[Arewacin Afirka]], [[Turai]], da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], yana nazarin ƙaura ta jiki da motsin rai. Masu sukar sun lura da aikinta tare da batutuwa na tarihi kamar bautar, Tsakiyar Tsakiya, ƙaura ta tilasta, da neman gida a cikin duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=Movement and Reclaiming Humanity from Historical Pain: A Review of Romeo Oriogun's Nomad |url=https://www.marokomag.com/post/movement-and-reclaiming-humanity-from-historical-pain-a-review-of-romeo-oriogun-s-nomad |access-date=8 June 2026 |website=Márọkọ́ Magazine |archive-date=10 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610201519/https://marokomag.com/post/movement-and-reclaiming-humanity-from-historical-pain-a-review-of-romeo-oriogun-s-nomad |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Karɓar baƙi == ''Nomad'' ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da masu nazarin adabi, kuma ya lashe Kyautar Adabin Najeriya ta 2022 (Nigeria Prize for Literature), wadda take ɗaya daga cikin manyan kuma fitattun kyaututtukan adabi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 October 2022 |title=Romeo Oriogun's Nomad wins The Nigeria Prize for Literature 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/10/16/romeo-orioguns-nomad-wins-the-nigeria-prize-for-literature-2022/ |access-date=8 June 2026 |work=ThisDay}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 October 2022 |title=Romeo Oriogun, Author of "Nomad" wins the 2022 Nigeria Prize for Literature |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/10/romeo-oriogun-nomad-wins-2022-nigerian-prize-for-literature/ |access-date=8 June 2026 |work=BellaNaija}}</ref> Kwamitin alƙalai na Kyautar Alƙawari ta Najeriya sun bayyana tarin a matsayin "mafi ƙwarewa" daga cikin ayyukan da aka jera, suna yaba da yadda yake bi da ƙaura ta hanyar harshe na lyrical kuma suna lura da cewa waƙoƙinsa 67 sun haɗa kai ta hanyar tafiya da ke da alaƙa da Afirka da ta gabata da kuma nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2022 |title=Romeo Oriogun wins Nigeria Prize For Literature |url=https://writersworkshop.uiowa.edu/news/2022/10/romeo-oriogun-wins-nigeria-prize-literature |access-date=8 June 2026 |website=Iowa Writers' Workshop}}</ref> Da yake nazarin tarin, Samuel Osaze ya bayyana ''Nomad'' a matsayin mai arziki a cikin hotuna da mutum, yana nuna yadda yake amfani da hamadar Sahara a matsayin shaida ga ƙaura, wahala, da tarihin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2022 |title=If only the desert could talk: a review of NOMAD |url=https://nigeriancurrent.com/2022/10/18/if-only-the-desert-could-talk-a-review-of-nomad/ |access-date=8 June 2026 |website=Nigerian Current}}</ref> Emmanuel Esomnofu, yana rubutu ga Mujallar Márọkọ́, ya yaba da binciken tarin game da motsi, ƙaura, da ƙwaƙwalwar tarihi, yana jayayya cewa ya faɗaɗa jigogi da aka fara bincika a cikin tarin Oriogun na baya Sacrament of Bodies . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=Movement and Reclaiming Humanity from Historical Pain: A Review of Romeo Oriogun's Nomad |url=https://www.marokomag.com/post/movement-and-reclaiming-humanity-from-historical-pain-a-review-of-romeo-oriogun-s-nomad |access-date=8 June 2026 |website=Márọkọ́ Magazine |archive-date=10 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610201519/https://marokomag.com/post/movement-and-reclaiming-humanity-from-historical-pain-a-review-of-romeo-oriogun-s-nomad |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 2022 [[Kyautar Adabin Najeriya|Kyautar Najeriya don wallafe-wallafen]] (Waƙoƙi)<ref>{{cite news |date=16 October 2022 |title=Romeo Oriogun's Nomad wins The Nigeria Prize for Literature 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/10/16/romeo-orioguns-nomad-wins-the-nigeria-prize-for-literature-2022/ |work=ThisDay}}</ref> == Manazarta == cssjm4pk563xe7ttfesrye4pcjqgso9 0 156745 889249 854794 2026-07-30T06:50:25Z BnHamid 12586 889249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gillette Stadium''' filin wasa ne na ƙwallon ƙafa (American football) da ƙwallon ƙafa (soccer) da ke [[Foxborough, Massachusetts]], a ƙasar [[Amurka]]. An buɗe shi a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2002, kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa na zamani a [[National Football League]] (NFL).<ref>{{cite web |title=Gillette Stadium Overview |url=https://www.gillettestadium.com/overview/ |access-date=11 June 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An gina Gillette Stadium domin maye gurbin tsohon Foxboro Stadium. Ginin ya fara ne a shekara ta 2000 kuma ya kammala a 2002. Kamfanin [[Kraft Group]] mallakin [[Robert Kraft]] ne ya jagoranci gina da mallakar filin wasan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gillette Stadium History |url=https://www.gillettestadium.com |access-date=11 June 2026}}</ref> == Wuri == Filin wasan yana cikin garin Foxborough, wanda yake tsakanin biranen [[Boston]] da [[Providence]]. == Masu amfani (Tenants) == * [[New England Patriots]] (NFL) * [[New England Revolution]] (MLS) == Ƙarfin zama (Capacity) == Gillette Stadium na iya ɗaukar kusan: * 64,628 a wasannin NFL<ref>{{cite web |title=Gillette Stadium Capacity |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillette_Stadium |access-date=11 June 2026}}</ref> * Sama da 70,000 a manyan taruka da kide-kide == Muhimmanci == * Daya daga cikin manyan filayen NFL a Amurka * Ana amfani da shi wajen wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa da kide-kide * Yana da manyan abubuwan ci gaban zamani kamar hasumiyar Lighthouse == Duba kuma == * [[New England Patriots]] * [[New England Revolution]] * [[National Football League]] * [[Major League Soccer]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Filayen wasa a Amurka]] [[Category:Gine-ginen Massachusetts]] [[Category:Wasanni a Amurka]] b8mj3fkha2okve00lar7v3fmq8ml8r2 0 157130 889212 856011 2026-07-30T01:25:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oksana Kiselyova''' (an haife shi 30 ga Mayu 1992, a [[Baku]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Oksana Kiselyova |url=http://italy2014.fivb.org/en/competition/teams/AZE-Azerbaijan/players/oksana-kiselyova?id=41485 |access-date=2015-03-24 |website=italy2014.fivb.org |archive-date=2015-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330052655/http://italy2014.fivb.org/en/competition/teams/AZE-Azerbaijan/players/oksana-kiselyova?id=41485 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Волейболистка Оксана Киселева: «В моем гардеробе преобладают спортивные вещи» |url=http://www.fcg.az/ru/read/3226/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%C2%AB%D0%92-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BC-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%C2%BB |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117042236/http://www.fcg.az/ru/read/3226/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%C2%AB%D0%92-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BC-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82-%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%C2%BB |archive-date=2018-01-17 |access-date=2015-03-24}}</ref> [[Azerbaijan]] ) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Azerbaijan . Tana da shekaru 177&nbsp;Tana da tsayi cm kuma tana taka rawa a matsayin libero . Tana bugawa Lokomotiv Baku . Kiselyova memba ce a ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta mata ta Azerbaijan a yanzu. Kiselyova tana auren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Azerbaijan Farid Guliyev . == Ƙungiyoyi == Kiselyova ta buga wasa a ƙungiyoyi kamar haka, duk a Azerbaijan: * Azerrail Baku (2006-2012, 2013-2014) * Azeryol Baku (2012–2013) * Lokomotiv Baku (2014–) == Kyaututtuka == === Kulob === * 2006–07 Azerbaijan Mata Wasan Volleyball Super League -[[Fayil:Simple_cup_icon.svg|16x16px]] Zakaran, tare da Azerrail Baku * Gasar Kwallon Volleyball ta Mata ta Azerbaijan ta 2007–08 -[[Fayil:Simple_cup_icon.svg|16x16px]] Zakaran, tare da Azerrail Baku * 2008–09 Gasar Kwallon Volleyball ta Mata ta Azerbaijan -[[Fayil:Gorm_silver_cup.jpg|18x18px]] Na biyu, tare da Azerrail Baku * Gasar Kwallon Volleyball ta Mata ta Azerbaijan ta 2010–11 -[[Fayil:Gorm_silver_cup.jpg|18x18px]] Na biyu, tare da Azerrail Baku * Gasar Kwallon Volleyball ta Mata ta Azerbaijan ta 2014–15 -[[Fayil:Gorm_silver_cup.jpg|18x18px]] Na biyu, tare da Lokomotiv Baku == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] nds564ksas4yftfux6zlgdq4rk9kine 0 157394 889231 856919 2026-07-30T04:24:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Orlando Daniel Gill Noldin''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2000) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar Paraguay wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Argentina]] ta San Lorenzo da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Paraguay]]. == Aikin kulob == Gill samfurin matasa ne na kulob din [[Paraguay]] Club 13 de Junio da CS San Lorenzo, kuma ya fara babban aikinsa tare da CS San Lawrence . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2025 |title=La dura historia de Orlando Gill, el arquero que "vendió todo" para mantener a su familia - TyC Sports |url=https://www.tycsports.com/san-lorenzo/dura-historia-orlando-gill-vendio-todo-mantener-familia-id685567.html |website=www.tycsports.com}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, Gill ya shiga kungiyarCS San Lorenzo de Almagro ta Argentina a kan aro tare da zaɓi don saya, kuma an sanya shi ne a cikin ajiyar su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2025 |title=¿Quién es Orlando Gill, nuevo arquero de San Lorenzo? |url=https://onefootball.com/es/noticias/quien-es-orlando-gill-nuevo-arquero-de-san-lorenzo-38800400 |website=OneFootball}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Janairun 2025, San Lorenzo na Almagro ne ya sayi shi kai tsaye ya ci gaba zuwa babbar kungiyar su a kwangila har zuwa 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=Ni Keylor ni el holandés, San Lorenzo apuesta por Orlando Gill &#124; Compró la mitad del pase del arquero paraguayo |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/798419-ni-keylor-ni-el-holandes-san-lorenzo-apuesta-por-orlando-gil |website=PAGINA12}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An kira Gill zuwa Paraguay U20s don Gasar Kudancin Amurka ta 2019 U-20. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Los 23 albirrojos elegidos para el Sudamericano &#124; Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol |url=https://www.apf.org.py/espanol/los-23-albirrojos-elegidos-para-el-sudamericano-4?nid=3013 |website=Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol |access-date=2026-06-14 |archive-date=2025-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223143338/https://www.apf.org.py/espanol/los-23-albirrojos-elegidos-para-el-sudamericano-4?nid=3013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara wasa tare da babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Paraguay don cin nasarar cin kofin duniya na FIFA 1-0 2026 a kan tawagar kwallon kafa ta Peru a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olé |first=Diario Deportivo |date=10 September 2025 |title=La transformación de Gill: de la apuesta de San Lorenzo al debut soñado en Paraguay |url=https://www.ole.com.ar/san-lorenzo/san-lorenzo-gill-paraguay_0_joES8MvWPD.html |website=Olé}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2026, an sanar da Gill a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar Paraguay don [[2026 FIFA World Cup|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.]] <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=Albirroja|date=1 June 2026|title=¡Todo un país con ustedes! Esta es la lista final del profe Gustavo Alfaro para representar a Paraguay en la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2026. ¡La Albirroja está de vuelta!}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2026 |title=Paraguay Announces Squad for 2026 FIFA World Cup |url=https://heavy.com/sports/soccer/world-cup/paraguay-announces-squad-fifa-world-cup/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260601154805/https://heavy.com/sports/soccer/world-cup/paraguay-announces-squad-fifa-world-cup/ |archive-date=1 June 2026 |access-date=1 June 2026 |publisher=Heavy.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] m6y9apvulda3y2jokmcc2nadp7o1nms 0 157477 889102 857152 2026-07-29T17:49:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Neolamprologus ocellatus''''' wani nau'in shell dwelling cichlid ne wanda ke cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . Yana da sanannen kifi na akwatin kifaye saboda ƙaramin girmansa, bayyanarsa, da basira. Yara suna auna kimanin millimeters 6 (0.24 in) a lokacin da aka haifa, yayin da manya ke girma har zuwa 5.8 centimeters (2.3 in) TL. Suna da launi daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin zinariya / rawaya. Wadannan kifaye, kamar duk mazaunan kwarangwal, suna rayuwa kwarangwal. Suna zaune yankuna tsakanin juna kuma suna kiwon 'ya'yansu a cikin harsashi. Maza ''Neolamprologus ocellatus'' sun fi girma, kuma suna da gefen rawaya a kan dorsal fin.<ref name="mongabay">{{Cite web |title=Ocellated Shell-Dweller |url=http://fish.mongabay.com/species/Lamprologus_ocellatus.html |access-date=October 15, 2008 |publisher=Mongabay.com}}</ref> == Kula da akwatin kifaye == ''Neolamprologus ocellatus'' an gano su a matsayin Cichlids na Afirka a cikin kasuwancin [[Aquarium|akwatin kifaye]]. Ba nau'in farawa ba ne. Maimakon haka, sun bayyana a cikin tankuna na masu sha'awar sha'awa waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin kifi da suka fito daga Tafkin Tanganyika. === Bukatar tanki na gaba ɗaya === ''Neolamprologus ocellatus'' za a iya kiyaye shi a cikin akwatunan kifaye kamar ƙananan {{Convert|5|gal|L}} , kodayake wannan zai iyakance yawan samfurori. Ya kamata a samar da wani kwarangwal na kwari na ruwa ga kowane mutum, tare da wani nau'i mai laushi na yashi. Ba a buƙatar yashi don waɗannan kifaye su tsira a cikin bauta, amma yana ba su damar nuna halayyar halitta. ''Neolamprologus ocellatus'' yana amfani da motsi mai kama da wutsiyar don binne harsashi da suke zaune a ciki. Ba za a iya cim ma wannan ba tare da dutse mai nauyi da girma.<ref name="cichlid-forum">{{Cite web |last=Elieson, Marc |year=2008 |title=Lamprologus Ocellatus |url=http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/l_ocellatus.php |access-date=October 15, 2008 |publisher=Cichlid-Forum}}</ref> Wadannan kifaye ba a dauke su a matsayin nau'in da ke da tsananin tashin hankali a cikin bauta ba. Koyaya, za su kare harsashi waɗanda suka ƙunshi yankin su na zahiri. Har ma an san su da kai hari kan hannun masu ruwa.<ref name="cichlid-forum"/> === Ingancin ruwa === ''Neolamprologus ocellatus'' yana buƙatar sunadarai iri ɗaya na ruwa kamar sauran nau'in Tanganyikan. pH ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 8.0 da 8.3 a mafi ƙaranci (Lake Tanganyika's pH range tsakanin 8.7 da 9.4). Rashin ma'adinai, ko kH, ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 12 da 14.<ref name="Smith" /> Ya kamata zafin jiki ya kasance tsakanin 23-27 ° C (73-81 ° F). <ref name="mongabay"/> Kamar duk Tanganyikans, ''N. ocellatus'' suna da matukar damuwa ga sake zagayowar nitrogen. Kasancewar ammoniya ko nitrite na iya tabbatar da guba a gare su.<ref name="Loiselle">Loiselle, Paul: "African Cichlids," page 44. Tetra Press, Virginia, 1988. {{ISBN|1-56465-144-4}}</ref> Saboda wannan dalili, ya kamata a yi amfani da kyawawan ayyukan kulawa. Isasshen tacewa wajibi ne. === Abinci === ''N. ocellatus'' suna cin komai, <ref name="profiles">{{Cite web |title=Freshwater Species Profiles |url=http://www.aquatic-hobbyist.com/profiles/freshwater/cichlids/ocellatus.html |access-date=October 14, 2008 |publisher=Aquatic-Hobbysist.com |archive-date=October 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017184724/http://www.aquatic-hobbyist.com/profiles/freshwater/cichlids/ocellatus.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma za su yarda da abinci iri-iri da aka shirya a cikin akwatin kifaye ciki har da: flake, ƙananan pellets, abinci mai daskarewa da shrimp mai rai ko Daphnia. Sabbin samfurori na iya nuna rashin son cin abinci, kuma ana iya jarabce su da abinci mai rai.<ref name="Loiselle" /> A cikin akwatin kifaye na gida ya kamata a ciyar da su bisa ga ka'idodin abinci mai gina jiki kamar sauran Cichlids na Afirka. Wato: Bai kamata a ba da tsutsotsi na Tubifex ba, saboda suna iya haifar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari.<ref name="Loiselle">Loiselle, Paul: "African Cichlids," page 44. Tetra Press, Virginia, 1988. {{ISBN|1-56465-144-4}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-56465-144-4|<bdi>1-56465-144-4</bdi>]]</ref> Ya kamata a guje wa abinci mai gina jiki ko abinci wanda ya ware kayan lambu.<ref name="Loiselle" /> Ya kamata a ciyar da kifin kamar yadda za su iya cinyewa a cikin minti biyar, kuma ya kamata a guje wa cin abinci mai yawa.<ref name="Loiselle" /> Ranar azumi ta mako-mako na iya zama mai fa'ida, saboda yana ba da damar tsabtace hanji.<ref name="Loiselle" /> A ƙarshe, ''Lamprologus ocellatus'' suna kama da sauran Cichlids na Afirka a cikin cewa launi zai amfana daga abincin da ke dauke da adadin Beta-carotene da canthaxanthin.<ref name="Loiselle" /> ==manazarta== 069cenkibupaxoqq27am30e4yfn996i 0 157609 889166 857563 2026-07-29T21:12:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nogokpo''' wani karamin ƙauye ne da ke cikin Ketu South Municipal na [[Yankin Volta]] na [[Ghana]] tare da Hanyar Tekun Afirka ta Yamma. == Tarihi == Torgbui Saba Tritriku Agbo ne ya kafa Nogokpo . Ya yi ƙaura daga Agbozume Sukladzi kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaftinonin yaƙi na Somey State. Kakannin Saba sun samo asali ne daga Ningo kuma yaƙe-yaƙe na Akwamu sun kore su. Don karfafa kansa a ruhaniya don yaƙi, ya fara tafiya ta ruhaniya zuwa Dahomey kuma ya dawo tare da Zakadza, allahn tsawa na Yewe mai kama da addinin Shango na Yoruba ko Thor na tsoffin Scandinavians. Rashin fahimta tare da mutanen garin Agbozume ya tilasta Saba ya koma Nogokpo wanda a lokacin shi ne gonarsa. Firist na farko na allahn shine 'yar uwar Saba Minawo Ladzeshie kamar yadda Saba da kansa dan kasuwa ne kuma koyaushe yana nesa da gida yana shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin kabilun. == Magana == Nogokpo: harshen Ewe - E: ko: ge: kpo: a ? Shin za ku zauna a nan cikin salama ko kuma ba za ku aikata laifi ba? Wannan ita ce tambayar da ya (Saba) ya tambayi duk wanda ya nemi ya zauna kusa da shi a sabon wurinsa. Wannan gargadi ne game da allahn sa ba ya jure tashin hankali. Akwai madadin labarin: Harshen Ewe: Ma bla nye nu nogoe kpoo . Bari in ɗaure kayan na ba tare da matsala ba. Wannan labarin yana nufin fitowarsa daga Agbozume tare da allahn sa. Sunan asali na Nogokpo shine Dalakpanaku: Kuna karya, kuna mutuwa. Zakadza: Harshe na Fon (wani ɓangare na yarukan Gbe) - Yaron dare <ref name="myj1">{{Cite web |title=Residents of Agbozome, Nogokpo, others protest Keta Lagoon takeover |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2013/december-27th/residents-of-agbozome-nogokpo-others-protest-keta-lagoon-takeover.php |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=Myjoyonline.com |archive-date=26 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126071051/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2013/december-27th/residents-of-agbozome-nogokpo-others-protest-keta-lagoon-takeover.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An san shi da masallacin gargajiya da na ruhaniya.<ref name="gna1">{{Cite web |title=Nogokpo shrine hands over rapist to police |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/crime/artikel.php?ID=172252 |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2011 |title=Nogokpo Shrine sends this fraud alert warning!!! |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/classifieds/showadd.php?ID=303657 |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> == Rashin jituwa == A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023, Archbishop [[Charles Agyin-Asare|Charles Agyinasare]], wanda ya kafa Perez Chapel International a daya daga cikin wa'azinsa, ya ce Nogokpo shine hedkwatar aljanu a yankin Volta na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Nogokpo is the demonic headquarters of the Volta Region — Bishop Agyinasare |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/nogokpo-is-the-demonic-headquarters-of-the-volta-region-bishop-agyinasare/k0rzj4k |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=It's been 60 days and I am still dancing - Agyinasare to Nogokpo Chiefs - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/its-been-60-days-and-i-am-still-dancing-agyinasare-to-nogokpo-chiefs/ |access-date=2025-11-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2023 shugabannin gargajiya na Nogokpo sun ba Archbishop Charles Aginasare ultimatum na kwanaki 14 don bayyana a gaban su don yin tambayoyi. Sun ce rashin girmama ultimatum, ba za a bar su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tura damuwarsu ga alloli su magance su ba. == Bayanan da aka ambata == 5oh4kelax5a82x3g5v28ridgtc57f6h 0 157645 889241 857728 2026-07-30T05:42:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Oxana Vouillamoz''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2004) 'yar wasan tsere ce ta Switzerland wacce a halin yanzu ke gasa da Tom Bouvart . Tare, sun kasance zakarun kasa na Switzerland sau biyu (2025-26), masu lambar tagulla ta CS Golden Spin na Zagreb na 2025, da kuma masu lambar zinare na NRW Trophy na 2024. Tare da tsohon abokin aikinta, Flavien Giniaux, ta yi gasa don [[Faransa]]. Tare, sun kasance zakarun kasa na Faransa sau biyu (2023-24) kuma sun kasance na biyar a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2023. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Oxana Vouillamoz a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2004 a Sion, Switzerland, ga Doris da Stéphane Vouillamuz. Ta yi karatu a Collège des Creusets a Sion . == Ayyuka == Yayinda yake yaro, Vouillamoz ya horar da shi a Martigny. Bayan kakar 2015-16, ta zama memba na CP Sion . A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, ta fara horo a Champéry, wanda Stéphane Lambiel, Robert Dierking, da Anna Dierking suka horar da shi. A ƙarshen 2019, Bruno Massot ya ba da shawarar cewa ta fara wasan kwaikwayo tare da Flavien Giniaux na Faransa; ta yarda kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar Massot a Tissot Arena a Bienne a watan Agusta 2020. Vouillamoz / Giniaux sun horar amma ba su yi gasa a kakar wasa ta farko tare ba. === Haɗin gwiwa tare da Flavien Giniaux === ==== Lokacin 2021-22: Farko na Vouillamox / Giniaux don Faransa ==== A kakar 2021-22, Vouillamoz / Giniaux ya koma tare da Massot zuwa [[Caen]] kuma ya yanke shawarar yin tsere don Faransa. Su biyu sun fara gasar farko a farkon watan Satumba, inda suka kasance na goma a taron ISU Junior Grand Prix na 2021-22 a Košice, Slovakia. Bayan sun lashe lambobin yabo a wasu ƙananan abubuwan da suka faru na kasa da kasa, sun lashe lambar yabo ta kasa ta Faransa. A watan Afrilu, Vouillamoz / Giniaux sun kammala na goma a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2022 a [[Tallinn]], Estonia. ==== Shekarar 2022-23: Babban na farko na kasa da kasa ==== Tun daga kakar wasansu a gasar tseren manyan 'yan wasa ta ISU ta 2022–23, Vouillamoz/Giniaux ta zo ta biyar a Jamhuriyar Czech kuma ta huɗu a Poland. Sun fara buga gasar manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a watan Oktoba, inda suka lashe tagulla a gasar Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur. Daga nan suka fara shiga gasar Challenger, inda suka kare a matsayi na takwas a gasar cin kofin CS Warsaw ta 2022. Vouillamoz/Giniaux ta lashe gasar ƙananan 'yan wasa ta Faransa ta biyu a jere, sannan ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙasa. A taron ƙarami na karshe, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2023 a [[Calgary]], Vouillamoz / Giniaux sun kammala na biyu a cikin gajeren shirin, sun kafa sabon mafi kyawun mutum kuma sun lashe ƙaramin lambar azurfa. Giniaux ya kira sakamakon "mai ban mamaki. Mun yi aiki tuƙuru. Muna da babbar ƙungiya a Caen, tare da kocinmu, Oxana, ma'aikatanmu muka yi aiki tare, kuma muna jin daɗin kowace rana koda kuwa yana da wahala a wasu lokuta. " Sun yi gwagwarmaya a cikin kyauta kyauta, na shida a wannan ɓangaren kuma sun sauka zuwa na biyar gaba ɗaya, sun gama maki 5.80 a bayan masu lambar tagulla Sierova / Khobta na Ukraine. Vouillamoz / Giniaux sun fara buga gasar zakarun duniya a 2023 a Saitama. Sun cancanci tseren kyauta kuma sun kasance na goma sha biyar gabaɗaya. ==== 2023-24 kakar: Ƙarshen Vouillamox / Giniaux ==== Vouillamoz / Giniaux sun lashe zinare a Trophée Métropole Nice, kafin a gayyace su don yin Grand Prix na farko a 2023 Grand Prix de France . Sun zo na bakwai. A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba, Giniaux ta ba da sanarwar cewa Vouillamoz ta kawo karshen haɗin gwiwar su. === Haɗin gwiwa tare da Tom Bouvart === ==== Shekarar 2024-25: Farkon Vouillamoz / Bouvart na Switzerland ==== [[Fayil:Oxana_Vouillamoz_&_Tom_Bouvart_2025_Worlds_Short_Program_00.jpg|left|thumb|Vouillamoz da Bouvart a cikin matsayi na farko don gajeren shirin su a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2025]] A ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2024, Swiss Ice Skating ta buga jerin manyan 'yan wasanta na ƙasashen duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa, inda ta lissafa Vouillamoz tare da Tom Bouvart, ɗan ƙasar Faransa, wanda ke nuna cewa za su yi wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara don Switzerland. Daga baya aka sanar da cewa za su yi horo a Paris a ƙarƙashin koci Claude Péri da Lola Esbrat.<ref name="vou-bou">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2024 |title=Cadre International 2024-25 |url=https://www.swissiceskating.ch/_default_upload_bucket/cadre-national-2024-25_1.pdf |publisher=Swiss Ice Skating}}</ref> Ma'aurata sun fara fitowa a ƙarshen Nuwamba a Gasar NRW ta 2024, inda suka lashe lambar zinare. A taron, sun sami mafi ƙarancin ƙididdigar fasaha da ake buƙata don yin gasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minimum Technical Scores for 2025 ISU Championships |url=https://www.soyouwanttowatchfs.com/blog/minimum-technical-scores-for-2025-isu-championships |access-date=17 November 2024 |website=So You Want To Watch Figure Skating}}</ref> Za su bi wannan ta hanyar kammala ta huɗu a gasar cin kofin CS Warsaw ta 2024. A watan Disamba, ma'aurata za su lashe zinare a Gasar Zakarun Switzerland ta 2025. A watan da ya biyo baya, Vouillamoz / Bouvart sun yi gasa a matakin ƙarami a 2025 Bavarian Open, inda suka lashe lambar azurfa. Bayan mako guda, ma'aurata sun fafata a Gasar Turai ta 2025 a [[Tallinn]], Estonia, inda suka kasance na goma sha uku. Zuwa karshen watan Fabrairu, Vouillamoz / Bouvart sun fafata a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2025 a Debrecen, Hungary . Sun sanya na shida a cikin gajeren shirin kuma na huɗu a cikin kyauta kyauta, sun gama a matsayi na huɗu gaba ɗaya. Ma'aurata sun kasance kasa da maki biyu daga filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 World Jr Championships - Pairs Final Result |url=https://skatingscores.com/2425/wjc/jr/pairs/results/ |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Skating Scores |publisher=Skating Scores |archive-date=5 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405195111/https://skatingscores.com/2425/wjc/jr/pairs/results/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan taron, Vouillamoz ya ce, "Muna farin ciki sosai da wannan aikin [free skate]. Har yanzu muna da sabuwar ƙungiya, don haka a gare mu, kowane gasa game da samun ƙwarewa ne. Tabbas, da fatan za mu iya yin mafi kyau, koyaushe akwai damar girma, amma gabaɗaya, mun gamsu da abin da muka yi a yau. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxana Vouillamoz / Tom Bouvart 🇨🇭 98.43 / 153.25 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DGqqmmmuj3a/ |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Instagram |publisher=Golden Skate}}</ref> Ci gaba da yin gasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2025 a [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]], Amurka, ma'aurata sun zo a matsayi na ashirin. ==== Lokacin 2025-26 ==== [[Fayil:Compete_in_the_pairs_short_program_at_the_2025_Skate_Canada_International_at_the_SaskTel_Center_in_Saskatoon,_Saskatchewan,_Canada.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Vouillamoz da Bouvart suna yin mutuwar mutuwa a lokacin gajeren shirin su a 2025 Skate Canada International]] Vouillamoz / Bouvart sun bude kakar ta hanyar kammala ta tara a 2025 CS Nebelhorn Trophy kuma sun lashe zinare a 2025 Swiss Open . Daga nan sai suka ci gaba da yin Grand Prix na farko a 2025 Skate Canada International, inda suka gama a matsayi na bakwai. A watan Disamba, 'yan wasan biyu sun lashe lambar tagulla a gasar CS Golden Spin ta Zagreb ta 2025 kafin su lashe gasar kasa ta biyu a gasar Swiss Championships ta 2026. A watan da ya biyo baya, Vouillamoz/Bouvart sun fafata a gasar Turai ta 2026 a Sheffield, Ingila, United Kingdom, inda suka zira kwallaye mafi kyau a gasar free skate da kuma jimillar maki, inda suka kare a matsayi na biyar. "Muna jin dadi kwarai da gaske," in ji Bouvart bayan sun yi free skate. "Mun yi abin da muke so mu yi kuma ina matukar farin cikin yin hakan a nan a gasar Turai. Babban abin kwarin gwiwa ne ga makomar."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxana VOUILLAMOZ / Tom BOUVART 🇨🇭 120.53 / 183.31 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DTjEEQyjFwp/ |access-date=28 January 2026 |website=Instagram |publisher=Golden Skate}}</ref> === Yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da Tom Bouvart (don Switzerland) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Lokacin !Gajeren shirin !Gudun daji kyauta |- !2025–2026 <br /> | * Yarinyar Laberiya * Ka tuna lokacin * Mai aikata laifuka mai laushi na Michael Jackson. Mahil Chantelauze ne ya rubuta<br />{{Small|by [[Michael Jackson]] <br> choreo. by Mahil Chantelauze}} | * Clubbed to Death (Epic Version) (daga The Matrix) na Rob Dougan choreo. John Zimmerman da Silvia Fontana suka rubuta<br />{{Small|(from ''[[The Matrix]]'')<br />by [[Rob Dougan]] <br> choreo. by [[John Zimmerman (figure skater)|John Zimmerman]], [[Silvia Fontana]]}} |- !2024–2025 <br /> | * ''Abin rufe fuska'' ** Wannan Kasuwancin Ƙauna {{Small|by [[Domino (rapper)|Domino]]}}<br /> ** Hey Pachuco ta Royal Crown Revue choreo. by Mérovée Ephrem, Laurent Porteret<br />{{Small|by [[Royal Crown Revue]] <br> choreo. by Mérovée Ephrem, Laurent Porteret}} | * ''Diamond na jini'' ** Tsallaka gadar ** Harin Ƙauyen ** Solomon Vandy na James Newton Howard choreo . by Mérovée Ephrem, Laurent Porteret<br />{{Small|by [[James Newton Howard]] <br> choreo. by Mérovée Ephrem, Laurent Porteret}} |} === Yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da Flavien Giniaux (don Faransa) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Lokacin !Gajeren shirin !Gudun daji kyauta |- !2023–2024 <br /> | * Ƙarfin Haevn choreo. Karine Arribert, Pierre-Loup Bouquet<br />{{Small|by [[Haevn]] <br> choreo. by Karine Arribert, [[Pierre-Loup Bouquet]]}} | * Valhalla Kira ta hanyar Mu'ujiza ta Sauti. Karine Arribert, Pierre-Loup Bouquet<br />{{Small|by [[Miracle of Sound]] <br> choreo. by Karine Arribert, [[Pierre-Loup Bouquet]]}} |- !2022–2023 <br /> | * A ciki ta Chris Avantgarde, Red Rosamond wanda Maxime Rodriguez ya shirya. na Bruno Massot, Pierre-Loup Bouquet<br />{{Small|by Chris Avantgarde, Red Rosamond <br> arranged by [[Maxime Rodriguez]] <br> choreo. by [[Bruno Massot]], [[Pierre-Loup Bouquet]]}} | rowspan="2" | * Tsakanin Wadannan Hannun Asaf Avidan wanda Maxime Rodriguez ya shirya. na Bruno Massot, Pierre-Loup Bouquet<br />{{Small|by [[Asaf Avidan]] <br> arranged by Maxime Rodriguez <br> choreo. by Bruno Massot, Pierre-Loup Bouquet}} |- !2021–2022 <br /> | * Maza Ya Kamata Ba su taɓa Faɗuwa cikin Soyayya ta Grandgeorge wanda Maxime Rodriguez ya shirya. na Bruno Massot, Pierre-Loup Bouquet<br />{{Small|by Grandgeorge <br> arranged by Maxime Rodriguez <br> choreo. by Bruno Massot, Pierre-Loup Bouquet}} |} == Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a gasar == {{smalldiv|*GP – Event of the [[ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating|ISU Grand Prix Series]] *JGP – Event of the [[ISU Junior Grand Prix|ISU Junior Grand Prix Series]] *CS – Event of the [[ISU Challenger Series]] *TBD – Assigned *WD – Withdrew from competition}} === Yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da Tom Bouvart (don Switzerland) === {{Figure skating competitive highlights|{{FS placements|2|[[World Figure Skating Championships|World Championships]]|p1=20th|p2=10th}}|{{FS placements|2|{{nowrap|[[European Figure Skating Championships|European Championships]]}}|p1=13th|p2=5th}}|{{FS placements|2|[[Swiss Figure Skating Championships|Swiss Championships]]|p1=1st|p2=1st}}|{{FS placements|2|{{small|GP}} [[Skate Canada International|Skate Canada]]|p2=7th}}|{{FS placements|2|{{nowrap|{{small|CS}} [[Golden Spin of Zagreb]]}}|p2=3rd}}|{{FS placements|2|{{small|CS}} [[Nebelhorn Trophy]]|p2=9th}}|{{FS placements|2|{{small|CS}} [[Warsaw Cup]]|p1=4th}}|{{FS placements|2|[[NRW Trophy]]|p1=1st}}|{{FS placements|2|Swiss Open|p2=1st}}|level=senior|ref={{r|SS-OVTB}}|season1=2024–25|season2=2025–26}}{{Figure skating competitive highlights|{{FS placements|1|{{nowrap|[[World Junior Figure Skating Championships|World Junior Championships]]}}|p1=4th}}|{{FS placements|1|[[Bavarian Open]]|p1=2nd}}|level=junior|ref={{r|SS-OVTB}}|season1=2024–25}}{{Figure skating competitive highlights|{{FS placements|2|{{nowrap|[[World Junior Figure Skating Championships|World Junior Championships]]}}|p1=10th|p2=5th}}|{{FS placements|2|[[French Figure Skating Championships|French Championships]]|p1=1st|p2=1st}}|{{FS placements|2|{{small|JGP}} [[ISU Junior Grand Prix in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]|p2=5th}}|{{FS placements|2|{{small|JGP}} [[ISU Junior Grand Prix in Poland|Poland]]|p2=4th}}|{{FS placements|2|{{small|JGP}} [[ISU Junior Grand Prix in Slovakia|Slovakia]]|p1=10th}}|{{FS placements|2|[[Ice Challenge]]|p1=1st}}|{{FS placements|2|[[Master's de Patinage]]|p1=1st|p2=1st}}|{{FS placements|2|[[Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur|Trophée Métropole Nice]]|p1=1st}}|{{FS placements|2|[[Winter Star]]|p1=3rd}}|level=junior|ref={{r|SS-OVFG}}{{r|ISU-OVFG}}|season1=2022–23|season2=2023–24}} ==== Babban matakin ==== {{Figure skating detailed results|Nov 11–17, 2024|{{flagicon|GER}} [[NRW Trophy|2024 NRW Trophy]]|1|60.96|1|109.35|1|170.31|Nov 20–24, 2024|{{flagicon|POL}} [[2024 CS Warsaw Cup]]|3|58.60|5|111.49|4|170.51|Dec 13–15, 2024|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Swiss Figure Skating Championships|2025 Swiss Championships]]|1|54.21|1|96.55|1|150.76|Jan 28 – Feb 2, 2025|{{flagicon|EST}} [[2025 European Figure Skating Championships|2025 European Championships]]|13|54.62|12|102.99|13|157.61|Mar 25–30, 2025|{{flagicon|USA}} [[2025 World Figure Skating Championships|2025 World Championships]]|18|56.57|19|99.17|20|155.74|season=2024–25|ref={{r|SS-OVTB}}}}{{Figure skating detailed results|Sep 25–27, 2025|{{flagicon|GER}} [[2025 CS Nebelhorn Trophy]]|5|'''65.85'''|9|113.95|9|179.80|Oct 23–26, 2025|{{flagicon|SUI}} 2025 Swiss Open|2|60.50|1|111.85|1|172.35|Oct 31 – Nov 2, 2025|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[2025 Skate Canada International]]|5|61.54|7|104.40|7|165.94|Dec 3–6, 2025|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[2025 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb]]|2|64.36|4|113.25|3|177.61|Dec 19–21, 2025|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Swiss Figure Skating Championships|2026 Swiss Championships]]|1|58.42|1|120.61|1|179.03|Jan 13–18, 2026|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[2026 European Figure Skating Championships|2026 European Championships]]|6|62.78|5|120.53|5|183.31|Mar 24–29, 2026|{{flagicon|CZE}} [[2026 World Figure Skating Championships|2026 World Championships]]|16|60.12|8|'''124.44'''|10|'''184.56'''|season=2025–26|ref={{r|SS-OVTB}}}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tc3x593zqlmw8f8mvmv2lc67zy66ex8 0 157786 888979 858181 2026-07-29T13:31:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Namalaha''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''Chiponda''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namalaha - Southern Region Map, Weather and Photos - Malawi: populated place - Lat:-14.0333 and Long:35.1667 |url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/malawi/malawi_(general)/_namalaha/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.getamap.net}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Chiponda, Malawi |url=https://fallingrain.com/world/MI/00/Chiponda.html |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=fallingrain.com |archive-date=2025-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012011259/https://fallingrain.com/world/MI/00/Chiponda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ) ƙauye ne <ref name=":0" /> a Gundumar Mangochi, Yankin Kudancin, [[Malawi]] tare da [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|yanayin Köppen]] mai [[Yankunan ciyawa na wurare masu zafi da na subtropical, savannah, da kuma shrublands|danshi a wurare]] masu zafi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mindat.org |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-930613.html |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.mindat.org}}</ref> Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa da Namalaha shine ƙaramin filin jirgin sama a [[Mashigin Monkey|Monkey Bay]], mil 15 a yamma yana ketare [[Tabkin Malawi|tafkin Malawi]], <ref name=":0" /> kuma yana haɗuwa da sauran ƙasar ta hanyar titin S129 mai tsawon kilomita 14. Namalaha yana da wasu ƙananan hanyoyi goma a yankinsa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Biranen Malawi]] 5x75681j4k8g9mk4kiqjl5x3jjer32u 0 157872 889302 858402 2026-07-30T07:53:50Z BnHamid 12586 889302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder <ref name="name" /> shine ci gaban ci gaba da ciwon [[Farfaɗiya|farfajiya]] wanda ke shafar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. <ref name="burglen" /> Halin da ya dace ya haɗa da jinkirin ci gaban duniya, nakasa ta hankali, farfajiya, ƙarancin tsoka, canzawar ra'ayi na ciwo, ataxia, hypotonia, nystagmus, da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.<ref name="burglen" /><ref name="dyment">{{Cite journal |last=Dyment |first=David A. |last2=Terhal |first2=Paulien A. |last3=Rustad |first3=Cecilie F. |last4=Tveten |first4=Kristian |last5=Griffith |first5=Christopher |last6=Jayakar |first6=Parul |last7=Shinawi |first7=Marwan |last8=Ellingwood |first8=Sara |last9=Smith |first9=Rosemarie |last10=van Gassen |first10=Koen |last11=McWalter |first11=Kirsty |last12=Innes |first12=A. Micheil |last13=Lines |first13=Matthew A. |display-authors=3 |date=2019 |title=De novo substitutions of TRPM3 cause intellectual disability and epilepsy |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=27 |issue=10 |pages=1611–1618 |doi=10.1038/s41431-019-0462-x |pmc=6777445 |pmid=31278393 |s2cid=195804345}}</ref><ref name="lines" /> == Alamomi da alamomi == Alamar farko don rikicewar ci gaban jijiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da TRPM3 yawanci hypotonia ne na haihuwa. An kuma bayar da rahoton matsalolin ciyar da jarirai ciki har da dysphagia da Gastroesophageal reflux.<ref name="name">{{Cite web |last=Dyment |first=David |last2=Lines |first2=Matthew |last3=Innes |first3=A Micheil |date=2023-02-23 |title=TRPM3-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589387/ |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |pmid=36821706}}</ref> Tsawon jinkirin ci gaban duniya kusan koyaushe yana nan tare da nakasa ta hankali mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani. <ref name="name" /> <ref name="burglen">{{Cite journal |last=Burglen |first=Lydie |last2=Van Hoeymissen |first2=Evelien |last3=Qebibo |first3=Leila |last4=Barth |first4=Magalie |last5=Belnap |first5=Newell |last6=Boschann |first6=Felix |last7=Depienne |first7=Christel |last8=De Clercq |first8=Katrien |last9=Douglas |first9=Andrew GL |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=Mark P |last11=Foulds |first11=Nicola |last12=Garel |first12=Catherine |last13=Helbig |first13=Ingo |last14=Held |first14=Katharina |last15=Horn |first15=Denise |display-authors=3 |date=2023 |title=Gain-of-function variants in the ion channel gene TRPM3 underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders |journal=eLife |volume=12 |doi=10.7554/elife.81032 |pmc=9886277 |pmid=36648066 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="lines">{{Cite journal |last=Lines |first=Matthew A. |last2=Goldenberg |first2=Paula |last3=Wong |first3=Ashley |last4=Srivastava |first4=Siddharth |last5=Bayat |first5=Allan |last6=Hove |first6=Hanne |last7=Karstensen |first7=Helena Gásdal |last8=Anyane-Yeboa |first8=Kwame |last9=Liao |first9=Jun |last10=Jiang |first10=Nan |last11=May |first11=Alison |last12=Guzman |first12=Edwin |last13=Morleo |first13=Manuela |last14=D'Arrigo |first14=Stefano |last15=Ciaccio |first15=Claudia |display-authors=3 |date=2022 |title=Phenotypic spectrum of the recurrent TRPM3 p.( Val837Met ) substitution in seven individuals with global developmental delay and hypotonia |url=https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/29c6a551-d9c8-4cf5-a411-163a5cad88c4 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |volume=188 |issue=6 |pages=1667–1675 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.62673 |pmid=35146895 |s2cid=246749002}}</ref> An bayar da rahoton farfajiya a cikin kashi 50% na shari'o'in.<ref name="name" /><ref name="burglen" /> Sauran alamun rikicewar neurodevelopmental da ke da alaƙa da TRPM3 sune fasalulluka na fuska, scoliosis, hip dysplasia, exotropia, strabismus, nystagmus, ataxia, da kuma canzawar ra'ayi na ciwo.<ref name="name">{{Cite web |last=Dyment |first=David |last2=Lines |first2=Matthew |last3=Innes |first3=A Micheil |date=2023-02-23 |title=TRPM3-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589387/ |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |pmid=36821706}}</ref><ref name="burglen">{{Cite journal |last=Burglen |first=Lydie |last2=Van Hoeymissen |first2=Evelien |last3=Qebibo |first3=Leila |last4=Barth |first4=Magalie |last5=Belnap |first5=Newell |last6=Boschann |first6=Felix |last7=Depienne |first7=Christel |last8=De Clercq |first8=Katrien |last9=Douglas |first9=Andrew GL |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=Mark P |last11=Foulds |first11=Nicola |last12=Garel |first12=Catherine |last13=Helbig |first13=Ingo |last14=Held |first14=Katharina |last15=Horn |first15=Denise |display-authors=3 |date=2023 |title=Gain-of-function variants in the ion channel gene TRPM3 underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders |journal=eLife |volume=12 |doi=10.7554/elife.81032 |pmc=9886277 |pmid=36648066 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Dalilin da ya sa == TRPM3 da ke da alaƙa da rashin haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta cuta ce ta autosomal ta mamaye kwayoyin halitta.[1] Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar TRPM3.[1][2] Tun da yawan jama'a yana da bambance-bambancen bambance-bambance masu yawa da microdeletions a ko'ina cikin TRPM3, tsarin da ke tattare da rashin lafiyar neurodevelopmental ba shine rashin isa ba.[3] Bincike ya nuna cewa maye gurbin da ke da alaƙa da cututtuka yana haifar da riba. Canjin maye gurbin yana haifar da karuwar aikin basal na tashar ion ta TRPM3 da kuma karuwar martani ga sinadarai da abubuwan zafi masu guba. Samun aiki yana haifar da karuwar intracellular Ca{{Sup|2+}}. Yana yiwuwa cewa wannan karuwar aikin tashar da / ko lalacewar jijiyoyin Ca{{Sup|2+}} na iya zama tushen cutar.<ref name="zhao">{{Cite journal |last=Zhao |first=Siyuan |last2=Yudin |first2=Yevgen |last3=Rohacs |first3=Tibor |date=2020 |title=Disease-associated mutations in the human TRPM3 render the channel overactive via two distinct mechanisms |journal=eLife |volume=9 |doi=10.7554/elife.55634 |pmc=7255801 |pmid=32343227 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="vanhoeymissen">{{Cite journal |last=Van Hoeymissen |first=Evelien |last2=Held |first2=Katharina |last3=Nogueira Freitas |first3=Ana Cristina |last4=Janssens |first4=Annelies |last5=Voets |first5=Thomas |last6=Vriens |first6=Joris |date=19 May 2020 |title=Gain of channel function and modified gating properties in TRPM3 mutants causing intellectual disability and epilepsy |journal=eLife |volume=9 |doi=10.7554/eLife.57190 |issn=2050-084X |pmc=7253177 |pmid=32427099 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="burglen">{{Cite journal |last=Burglen |first=Lydie |last2=Van Hoeymissen |first2=Evelien |last3=Qebibo |first3=Leila |last4=Barth |first4=Magalie |last5=Belnap |first5=Newell |last6=Boschann |first6=Felix |last7=Depienne |first7=Christel |last8=De Clercq |first8=Katrien |last9=Douglas |first9=Andrew GL |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=Mark P |last11=Foulds |first11=Nicola |last12=Garel |first12=Catherine |last13=Helbig |first13=Ingo |last14=Held |first14=Katharina |last15=Horn |first15=Denise |display-authors=3 |date=2023 |title=Gain-of-function variants in the ion channel gene TRPM3 underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders |journal=eLife |volume=12 |doi=10.7554/elife.81032 |pmc=9886277 |pmid=36648066 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin ganewar asali ta hanyar Gwajin kwayar halitta ta amfani da nakasa ta hankali ko kwamitin multigene na [[Farfaɗiya|farfajiya]] wanda ya haɗa da TRPM3 ko tsarin tsari na exome gaba ɗaya.<ref name="name">{{Cite web |last=Dyment |first=David |last2=Lines |first2=Matthew |last3=Innes |first3=A Micheil |date=2023-02-23 |title=TRPM3-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589387/ |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |pmid=36821706}}</ref> Bayan gano maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halitta ta TRPM3, ana kimanta canje-canje a cikin aikin tashar ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje na lantarki da hoton calcium <ref name="burglen">{{Cite journal |last=Burglen |first=Lydie |last2=Van Hoeymissen |first2=Evelien |last3=Qebibo |first3=Leila |last4=Barth |first4=Magalie |last5=Belnap |first5=Newell |last6=Boschann |first6=Felix |last7=Depienne |first7=Christel |last8=De Clercq |first8=Katrien |last9=Douglas |first9=Andrew GL |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=Mark P |last11=Foulds |first11=Nicola |last12=Garel |first12=Catherine |last13=Helbig |first13=Ingo |last14=Held |first14=Katharina |last15=Horn |first15=Denise |display-authors=3 |date=2023 |title=Gain-of-function variants in the ion channel gene TRPM3 underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders |journal=eLife |volume=12 |doi=10.7554/elife.81032 |pmc=9886277 |pmid=36648066 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="vanhoeymissen">{{Cite journal |last=Van Hoeymissen |first=Evelien |last2=Held |first2=Katharina |last3=Nogueira Freitas |first3=Ana Cristina |last4=Janssens |first4=Annelies |last5=Voets |first5=Thomas |last6=Vriens |first6=Joris |date=19 May 2020 |title=Gain of channel function and modified gating properties in TRPM3 mutants causing intellectual disability and epilepsy |journal=eLife |volume=9 |doi=10.7554/eLife.57190 |issn=2050-084X |pmc=7253177 |pmid=32427099 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="zhao">{{Cite journal |last=Zhao |first=Siyuan |last2=Yudin |first2=Yevgen |last3=Rohacs |first3=Tibor |date=2020 |title=Disease-associated mutations in the human TRPM3 render the channel overactive via two distinct mechanisms |journal=eLife |volume=9 |doi=10.7554/elife.55634 |pmc=7255801 |pmid=32343227 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Magani == A halin yanzu babu wani magani ko magani da aka sani don rikicewar ci gaban jijiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da TRPM3. Magani ga bayyanar bayyanar cututtuka na mutum na iya bin daidaitattun kulawa (Magungunan rigakafin farfajiya don fashewa, [[Gyaran jiki|maganin jiki]], maganin aiki, maganin magana, da dai sauransu). <ref name="name">{{Cite web |last=Dyment |first=David |last2=Lines |first2=Matthew |last3=Innes |first3=A Micheil |date=2023-02-23 |title=TRPM3-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589387/ |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |pmid=36821706}}</ref> Nazarin guda ɗaya yana nuni ga primidone na anti-convulsant a matsayin maganin kashe lakabin.[1] Primidone sanannen mai adawa ne na TRPM3.[2] == Hasashen da aka yi == A bayyane yake cewa tsawon rayuwa ba ya shafar rikicewar ci gaban jijiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da TRPM3. Babu isasshen bayanai a halin yanzu don fahimtar ci gaban cutar.<ref name="name">{{Cite web |last=Dyment |first=David |last2=Lines |first2=Matthew |last3=Innes |first3=A Micheil |date=2023-02-23 |title=TRPM3-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589387/ |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |pmid=36821706}}</ref> == Yaduwar cututtuka == A halin yanzu akwai kusan mutane 50 da aka ruwaito na rikicewar ci gaban jijiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da TRPM3.<ref name="name">{{Cite web |last=Dyment |first=David |last2=Lines |first2=Matthew |last3=Innes |first3=A Micheil |date=2023-02-23 |title=TRPM3-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589387/ |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |pmid=36821706}}</ref><ref name="lines">{{Cite journal |last=Lines |first=Matthew A. |last2=Goldenberg |first2=Paula |last3=Wong |first3=Ashley |last4=Srivastava |first4=Siddharth |last5=Bayat |first5=Allan |last6=Hove |first6=Hanne |last7=Karstensen |first7=Helena Gásdal |last8=Anyane-Yeboa |first8=Kwame |last9=Liao |first9=Jun |last10=Jiang |first10=Nan |last11=May |first11=Alison |last12=Guzman |first12=Edwin |last13=Morleo |first13=Manuela |last14=D'Arrigo |first14=Stefano |last15=Ciaccio |first15=Claudia |display-authors=3 |date=2022 |title=Phenotypic spectrum of the recurrent TRPM3 p.( Val837Met ) substitution in seven individuals with global developmental delay and hypotonia |url=https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/29c6a551-d9c8-4cf5-a411-163a5cad88c4 |journal=American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A |volume=188 |issue=6 |pages=1667–1675 |doi=10.1002/ajmg.a.62673 |pmid=35146895 |s2cid=246749002}}</ref><ref name="burglen">{{Cite journal |last=Burglen |first=Lydie |last2=Van Hoeymissen |first2=Evelien |last3=Qebibo |first3=Leila |last4=Barth |first4=Magalie |last5=Belnap |first5=Newell |last6=Boschann |first6=Felix |last7=Depienne |first7=Christel |last8=De Clercq |first8=Katrien |last9=Douglas |first9=Andrew GL |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=Mark P |last11=Foulds |first11=Nicola |last12=Garel |first12=Catherine |last13=Helbig |first13=Ingo |last14=Held |first14=Katharina |last15=Horn |first15=Denise |display-authors=3 |date=2023 |title=Gain-of-function variants in the ion channel gene TRPM3 underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders |journal=eLife |volume=12 |doi=10.7554/elife.81032 |pmc=9886277 |pmid=36648066 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gauthier |first=LW |last2=Chatron |first2=N |last3=Cabet |first3=S |last4=Labalme |first4=A |last5=Carneiro |first5=M |last6=Poirot |first6=I |last7=Delvert |first7=C |last8=Gleizal |first8=A |last9=Lesca |first9=G |last10=Putoux |first10=A |date=November 2021 |title=Description of a novel patient with the TRPM3 recurrent p.Val837Met variant. |journal=European Journal of Medical Genetics |volume=64 |issue=11 |doi=10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104320 |pmid=34438093 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kang |first=Q |last2=Yang |first2=L |last3=Liao |first3=H |last4=Yang |first4=S |last5=Kuang |first5=X |last6=Ning |first6=Z |last7=Liao |first7=C |last8=Chen |first8=B |date=1 June 2021 |title=A Chinese patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) carrying a TRPM3 gene mutation: a paediatric case report. |journal=BMC Pediatrics |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=256 |doi=10.1186/s12887-021-02719-8 |pmc=8167971 |pmid=34074259 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sundaramurthi |first=JC |last2=Bagley |first2=AM |last3=Blau |first3=H |last4=Carmody |first4=L |last5=Crandall |first5=A |last6=Danis |first6=D |last7=Gargano |first7=M |last8=Gustafson |first8=AG |last9=Raney |first9=EM |last10=Shingle |first10=M |last11=Davids |first11=JR |last12=Robinson |first12=PN |date=8 September 2023 |title=De novo TRPM3 missense variant associated with neurodevelopmental delay and manifestations of cerebral palsy. |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Molecular Case Studies |volume=9 |issue=4 |doi=10.1101/mcs.a006293 |pmc=10815282 |pmid=37684057 |s2cid=261620692 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ba a san abin da yaduwar wannan cuta ke faruwa a duk duniya ba. == Sauran albarkatun == [https://www.trpm3.org Gidauniyar TRPM3] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t9nabkvx4y22onrcz8oa7czwiyh0b3y 0 157988 889198 879652 2026-07-29T23:11:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Nyagak III''' tana aiki {{Convert|6.6|MW}}aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ruwa , a [[Uganda|ƙasar Uganda]] . An ƙaddamar da aikin gina tashar wutar lantarki da aka kammala a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta, 2025 ta hannun Ministar Makamashi ta ƙasar Uganda [[Ruth Nankabirwa]] . <ref name="OnR">{{Cite web |last=Mike Rwothomio |date=1 August 2025 |title=Nyagak III Hydropower Station Commissioned After Decade-Long Wait |url=https://chimpreports.com/nyagak-iii-hydropower-station-commissioned-after-decade-long-wait/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=ChimpRepots}}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarki tana a fadin [[Kogin Nyagak]] a gundumar Nyapea, gundumar Okoro, gundumar Zombo, a yankin Yammacin Kogin Nilu na yankin Arewacin Uganda. Wannan yana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|15|km|0}} arewacin garin Paidha, kusa da kan iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo]], kusa da, amma ƙasa da, Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nyagak I. <ref name="General">{{Cite web |last=UEGCL |date=3 August 2025 |title=Uganda Electricity Generation Company: Nyagak III Hydro Power Project |url=https://www.uegcl.com/projects/nyagak-iii-hydropower-project/ |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=[[Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited]] (UEGCL) |archive-date=11 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911173827/https://www.uegcl.com/projects/nyagak-iii-hydropower-project/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani == A watan Satumba na 2010, Lahmeyer International GmbH, wani kamfanin injiniyan ba da shawara na Jamus ya kammala wani [[Binciken tasirin muhalli|bincike kan tasirin muhalli]] (EIA). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Herter |first=Marco |date=21 June 2010 |title=Impact of Climate Change On Small Hydropower Plants In The West Nile Region, Uganda |url=http://www.hs-rottenburg.net/fileadmin/data/Hochschule/Forschung_Projekte/SENCE_Projekte/2010/projekt1/P1_2.pdf |access-date=11 July 2014 |publisher=Hs-Rottenburg.net |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714200559/http://www.hs-rottenburg.net/fileadmin/data/Hochschule/Forschung_Projekte/SENCE_Projekte/2010/projekt1/P1_2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanin Samar da Wutar Lantarki na Uganda Electricity Company Limited (UEGCL) zai haɓaka Nyagak III ta hanyar Haɗin gwiwar Jama'a da Masu Zaman Kansu (PPP). A shekarar 2013, Kamfanin Kuɗi na Duniya ya taimaka wa UEGCL wajen gano da kuma zaɓar mai zuba jari daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, wanda zai zuba jari a hannun jari da kuma shirya ƙarin bashi da kuɗaɗen hannun jari don aikin. Wannan mai zuba jari zai tsara, haɓakawa, da kuma gudanar da aikin a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar PPP da UEGCL. Ana sa ran wannan tsarin zaɓe zai ɗauki kimanin shekara guda, farawa a watan Yuli na 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UEGCL) |date=18 June 2013 |title=Selection of A Private Investor for Development of Nyagak III Hydro Power Plant Under A Public Private Partnership Arrangement |url=http://uegcl.com/NyagakIII%20RFQ%20Advert%2029May2013%20UPDATED.pdf |access-date=11 July 2014 |publisher=[[Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited]] (UEGCL) |archive-date=5 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005001055/http://uegcl.com/NyagakIII%20RFQ%20Advert%2029May2013%20UPDATED.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mai zuba jari mai zaman kansa da aka zaɓa ƙungiya ce da ta ƙunshi Hydromax Limited da Dott Services Limited . Daga nan UEGCL da ƙungiyar suka kafa wata hanya ta musamman, Genmax Nyagak Limited, wadda za ta gina, ta yi aiki, da kuma kula da tashar wutar lantarki. <ref name="General"/> == Jadawalin aikin gini == An yi hasashen cewa tsarin zaɓen babban mai zuba jari zai ɗauki tsawon lokaci har zuwa 2014. Daga nan za a fara ginin a shekarar 2015 kuma zai ɗauki shekaru uku, inda ake sa ran kammala aikin a shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=John Odyek |date=2 November 2015 |title=Construction agreement for Nyagak III Hydro Power signed |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1411151/construction-agreement-nyagak-iii-hydro-power-signed |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=CRO |date=9 November 2015 |title=Nyagak III Small Hydro Power Project in Uganda to be constructed |url=http://constructionreviewonline.com/2015/11/nyagak-iii-small-hydro-power-project-uganda-constructed |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=Construction Review Online.com (CRO) |archive-date=20 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120180120/http://constructionreviewonline.com/2015/11/nyagak-iii-small-hydro-power-project-uganda-constructed/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ƙaddamar da aikin madatsar ruwa da aka kammala a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2025. <ref name="OnR"/> == Kudaden gini == A shekarar 2011, an yi hasashen cewa ginin tashar wutar lantarki ta Nyagak III zai ci kimanin dala miliyan 14. <ref>{{Cite web |last=DEVEX |date=June 2011 |title=Legal Consultants for Nyagak III Uganda Small Hydro (Firm) |url=https://www.devex.com/projects/tenders/legal-consultants-for-nyagak-iii-uganda-small-hydro-firm/73783 |access-date=11 July 2014 |publisher=Devex.com (DEVEX)}}</ref> Za a kwashe wutar lantarkin da ake samarwa ta hanyar layukan wutar lantarki na kilovolt 33 da ke hade garuruwan Paidha, Nebbi, Bondo, Okollo, da [[Arua]], wanda aka gina a kan kimanin kudin UGX: biliyan 44.2 (€13 miliyan) tsakanin 2013 da 2015 bayan gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Nyagak . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ondoga |first=Ayiga |date=15 November 2013 |title=West Nile power line extension begins |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/649445-west-nile-power-line-extension-begins.html |access-date=15 February 2016 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2018, jaridar Daily Monitor ta ruwaito cewa KfW ta janye tallafin Shs36 biliyan (€8 miliyan), don kammala wannan aikin, saboda jinkiri mai tsawo wajen cimma matsaya kan kudi. Dole ne gwamnatin Uganda ta samar da sabbin kudade don cike gibin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nelson Wesonga |date=8 March 2018 |title=Germany withholds Nyagak power project cash |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Germany-withholds-Nyagak-power-project-cash/688334-4332876-fdfeo5/index.html |access-date=8 March 2018 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Maris na 2019, an ruwaito cewa kuɗin ginin ya kai dala miliyan 19.4. An nemi rancen daga (a) Bankin Ci Gaban Kasuwanci (TDB) (b) [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka]] da (c) Bankin Exim na China . TDB ta duba aikin da nufin samar da kuɗaɗen gudanar da shi. <ref name="RestR">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=25 March 2019 |title=Uganda: To Relaunch 6.6 MW Nyagak III Hydroelectric Project |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/uganda-to-relaunch-6-6-mw-nyagak-hydroelectric-project/ |access-date=30 March 2019 |publisher=Afrik21 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330215904/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/uganda-to-relaunch-6-6-mw-nyagak-hydroelectric-project/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan == A watan Maris na 2019, Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ci gaban Ma'adinai ta Uganda, ta nemi UEGCL da ta hanzarta dawo da aikin wannan tashar wutar lantarki. An ƙara ƙarfin sabon madatsar ruwa zuwa {{Convert|6.6|MW|0}} . Kamfanin SPV yanzu ana kiransa '''GenVax Nyagak''' . Gwamnatin Uganda ce ke da mallakarsa tare (kashi 30) da kuma wata ƙungiya (kashi 70) wadda ta ƙunshi (a) [[Kamfanin Tata|Injiniyoyin Tata Consulting]] (b) Dott Services Limited da (c) Hydromax Limited. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna hannun jari a GenVax Nyagak. <ref name="RestR"/> Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2022, ana ci gaba da aikin ginin, ana sa ran kammala shi a rabin na biyu na 2022. <ref name="DelayR">{{Cite web |last=Tobbias Jolly Owiny, Marko Taibot and Rashul Adidi |date=11 January 2022 |title=Nyagak dam works: Contractor blames delay on govt funding |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nyagak-dam-works-contractor-blames-delay-on-govt-funding-3678556?view=htmlamp |access-date=14 May 2022 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Bayan jinkiri da yawa, har zuwa watan Yulin 2023, an yi niyyar kammala aikin ne bisa ga gwamnatin Uganda ta ba wa dan kwangilar kimanin dala biliyan UGX:28 (dala miliyan 7.5). <ref name="StuckR">{{Cite web |last=Clement Aluma |date=3 July 2023 |title=Govt pushes completion of Nyagak III Dam for 3rd time |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-pushes-completion-of-nyagak-iii-dam-for-3rd-time-4291214 |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == gqsj3gzbmf2odojsl54gkkwnk53t9b3 0 158046 889105 858878 2026-07-29T18:16:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ngonyezi da aka yi amfani da ita wajen adana wutar lantarki''', wacce kuma ita ce '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ngonyezi''', an tsara za ta samar da {{Convert|2000|MWh}} tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa, a fadin [[Kogin Odzi]], wani magudanar ruwa ta [[Ajiye Kogin (Afirka)|Kogin Save]], a [[Zimbabwe]] . ''Ngonyezi Projects Limited'' (NPL), wani kamfani da ke Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu, yana haɓaka tashar wutar lantarki. NPL kuma za ta gina gonar hasken rana mai iyo a kan ma'ajiyar [[Rashin ruwa na Osborne|Osborne Dam]] da ke akwai mai ƙarfin megawatts 300. A ranakun rana, gonar hasken rana za ta samar da makamashi kai tsaye ga tashar wutar lantarki. Lokacin da rana ta faɗi ko a ranakun gajimare/ruwa ko a lokacin damina, za a kunna ruwan da aka adana a cikin babban ma'ajiyar don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar juya turbines, yayin da yake kwarara zuwa ƙaramin ma'ajiyar. Bayan ma'ajiyar sama ta ɓace, gonar hasken rana za ta samar da makamashi don sake tura ruwan zuwa babban ma'ajiyar kuma ta fara zagayowar da zarar ta fara aiki. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=20 November 2019 |title=Zimbabwe: Solar powered pumped hydroelectric energy storage plant by Ngonyezi |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/zimbabwe-solar-powered-pumped-hydroelectric-energy-storage-plant-by-ngonyezi/ |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa |archive-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829191020/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/zimbabwe-solar-powered-pumped-hydroelectric-energy-storage-plant-by-ngonyezi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarkin za ta kasance a gundumar Mutasa, a lardin Manicaland a gabashin ƙasar, kusa da kan iyakar ƙasa da ƙasa da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] . Tashar wutar lantarkin za ta kasance a wurin da ake da [[Rashin ruwa na Osborne|madatsar ruwa ta Osborne Multipurpose]], mai nisan kimanin {{Convert|37|km|0}} ta hanya, arewa maso yammacin [[Mutare]], babban birni mafi kusa da kuma babban birnin lardin. Wannan kimanin {{Convert|250|km|0}} ta hanya, kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Harare]], babban birnin ƙasa kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar. Daidaito tsakanin yankin Osborne Multipurpose Dam shine 18°46'41.0"S, 32°29'14.0"E (Latitude:-18.778056; Longitude:32.487222). == Bayani == Ana ci gaba da haɓaka wannan tashar wutar lantarki, musamman don "bayar da tallafi ga tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa". An yi nufin tallafawa ƙarfin hanyar sadarwa a lokutan da ake yawan aiki, lokacin da ke ɗaukar kimanin awanni 8.5 a kowace rana a Zimbabwe. <ref name="1R"/> <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Simone Liedtke |date=25 November 2019 |title=Zim set to benefit from pumped hydroelectric energy storage power plant |url=https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/zim-set-to-benefit-from-pumped-hydroelectric-energy-storage-power-plant-2019-11-25 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Engineering News South Africa}}</ref> Za a gina wata gona mai amfani da hasken rana mai karfin megawatts 300 a matsayin wani ɓangare na tashar wutar lantarki, don samar da wutar lantarki ga tashar wutar lantarki a ranakun rana da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ga famfunan da ke canja wurin ruwa daga tankin ƙasa zuwa tankin sama. Za a gina bangarorin hasken rana a saman ma'ajiyar ruwa ta madatsar ruwa. Wannan zai sanyaya bangarorin kuma ta haka zai ƙara ingancinsu. Saboda inuwar da inuwarsu za ta samar a saman ma'ajiyar, bangarorin hasken rana za su rage ƙafewar ruwa daga ma'ajiyar da kimanin {{Convert|20000000|m3|0}} kowace shekara. <ref name="1R" /> <ref name="5R" /> == Manazarta == 5cgl509j0pzk8imhsew1rai7gyo75wc 0 158428 889232 860316 2026-07-30T04:27:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889232 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Drugbox|Verifiedfields=changed|Watchedfields=changed|verifiedrevid=447378516|drug_name=|type=|IUPAC_name=1-Chloro-3-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1''H''-imidazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol|image=Ornidazole.svg|image_class=skin-invert-image <!--Clinical data-->|alt=|caption=|tradename='''Xynor'''|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|international|ornidazole}}|MedlinePlus=|licence_EU=|licence_US=|pregnancy_AU=|pregnancy_US=|pregnancy_category=|legal_status=|routes_of_administration=Oral <!--Pharmacokinetic data-->|bioavailability=|metabolism=Via liver<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|1356}}|elimination_half-life=12-13 hours<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|1356}}|excretion=Urine (63%) and Feces (22%) <!--Identifiers-->|CAS_number_Ref={{cascite|correct|??}}|CAS_number=16773-42-5|ATC_prefix=G01|ATC_suffix=AF06|ATC_supplemental={{ATC|J01|XD03}} {{ATC|P01|AB03}} {{ATCvet|P51|AA03}}|PubChem=28061|DrugBank=DB13026|DrugBank_Ref={{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}|ChemSpiderID_Ref={{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|ChemSpiderID=26102|ChEMBL_Ref={{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|ChEMBL=1449676|UNII_Ref={{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|UNII=62XCK0G93T|KEGG_Ref={{keggcite|correct|kegg}}|KEGG=D05274|ChEBI_Ref={{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|ChEBI=75176 <!--Chemical data-->|C=7|H=10|Cl=1|N=3|O=3|smiles=[O-][N+](=O)c1cnc(n1CC(O)CCl)C|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C7H10ClN3O3/c1-5-9-3-7(11(13)14)10(5)4-6(12)2-8/h3,6,12H,2,4H2,1H3|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=IPWKIXLWTCNBKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}<templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="8" |<span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): <nowiki&gt;Ornidazole</nowiki&gt;">Ornidazole</span> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Ornidazole.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan asibiti |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Sunayen kasuwanci]] | class="infobox-data" |'''Xynor''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]] | class="infobox-data" |<span title="www.drugs.com">[https://www.drugs.com/international/ornidazole.html Sunayen Magunguna na Duniya]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Route of administration|Hanyoyin gudanarwa<br />]] | class="infobox-data" |Magana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System|Lambar ATC]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * G01AF06 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=G01AF06 WHO]</span>) J01XD03 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XD03 WHO]</span>) P01AB03 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01AB03 WHO]</span>)) QP51AA03 (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet">[https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QP51AA03 WHO]</span>&#x20;&#x20;&#x20;&#x20;&#x20; </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan Magunguna |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Metabolism | class="infobox-data" |Ta hanyar hanta :<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1356">&#x3A;&#x200A;1356&#x200A;</span></sup> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Kashe <nowiki><span class="nowrap">rabin rayuwa</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Sa'o'i 12-13 <ref name=":0" />:<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1356">&#x3A;&#x200A;1356&#x200A;</span></sup> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Rashin fitarwa | class="infobox-data" |fitsari (63%) da Feces (22%) |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Sunan IUPAC</div></div> * <div style="font-size: 97%;">1-C''H''-3- (2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propan-2-ol</div> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar CAS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org">[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=16773-42-5 16773-42-5]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[./PubChem#&#x3C;span&#x20;style= <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;Compound ID</nowiki&gt;">CID</abbr>" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="PubChem">PubChem] CID | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/28061 28061]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bankin Magunguna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.drugbank.ca">[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB13026 DB13026]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChemSpider | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.chemspider.com">[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.26102.html 26102]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |UNII | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="precision.fda.gov">[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/62XCK0G93T 62XCK0G93T]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |KEGG | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.kegg.jp">[https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D05274 D05274]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEBI | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:75176 CHEBI: 75176]</span>^{&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEMBL | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1449676 ChEMBL1449676]</span>^{&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |CompTox Dashboard <span style="font-weight:normal"> (<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</nowiki&gt;">EPA</abbr>) </span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="comptox.epa.gov">[https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4045420 DTXSID4045420][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2358146#P3117|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |<nowiki><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |[https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.037.099 100.037.099][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2358146#P2566|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan sunadarai da na jiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Carbon">C</span>₇<span title="Hydrogen">H</span>₁₀<span title="Chlorine">Cl</span><span title="Nitrogen">N</span>₃<span title="Oxygen">O</span>₃ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Ma'auni na ƙuƙwalwa | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">219.63</span> g·mol-1&nbsp;⁻¹ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin 3D (JSmol) | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)">[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BO-%5D%5BN%2B%5D%28%3DO%29c1cnc%28n1CC%28O%29CCl%29C Hoton hulɗa]</span> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Rashin kunya</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[O-][N+] (=O) c1cnc (n1CC (O) CCl) C</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>InChI</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C7H10ClN3O3/c1-5-9-3-7 (11 (13) 14) 10 (5) 4-6 (12) 2-8/h3,6,12H,2,4H2,1H3 ^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>}</div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Maɓalli: IPWKIXLWTCNBKN-UHFFFAO^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>}-N Y</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">&nbsp;^{[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span>[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>}&nbsp; (mece wannan?) </span><templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=447378516&page2=Ornidazole (Gaskiya)]</span></span> |} '''Ornidazole''' maganin rigakafi ne da ake amfani da shi don magance cututtukan protozoan. :{{Rp|1368}} Nitroimidazole na roba, ana samun sa ne ta hanyar kasuwanci daga wani abu mai laushi tsakanin 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol da epichlorohydrin. <ref>{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Ornidazole ba komai bane face chloro-secnidazole. Antimicrobial spectrum yayi kama da na metronidazole kuma an fi jurewa; :{{Rp|1368}} duk da haka akwai damuwa game da ƙarancin ingancin dangi. An fara gabatar da shi don magance trichomoniasis kafin a gane shi saboda karfin anti-protozoan da anti-anaerobic-bacterial. : An kuma bincika 1261 don amfani da Cutar Crohn bayan sake fasalin hanji.<ref name="pmid15825069">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Rutgeerts P, Van Assche G, Vermeire S, D'Haens G, Baert F, Noman M, Aerden I, De Hertogh G, Geboes K, Hiele M, D'Hoore A, Penninckx F |date=April 2005 |title=Ornidazole for prophylaxis of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=856–861 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.01.010 |pmid=15825069 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Other antibacterials}}{{Gynecological anti-infectives and antiseptics}}{{Agents against amoebozoa}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0hvlk44ff303toabpg2p8gis0dsylr7 0 158460 889248 860414 2026-07-30T06:49:59Z BnHamid 12586 889248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dithiazanine iodide wani sinadari ne na rukunin rini na polymethine. Ana amfani da shi azaman anthelmintic na dabbobi ga karnuka.[1] Wani sinadari ne mai guba, tare da kisa ga mutane kimanin 4-16 mg/kg ta hanyar shan baki. Ba a san tsarin guba ba amma an yi imanin cewa wannan sinadari yana yin katsalandan ga shaye-shayen sel na glucose, wanda ke da mahimmanci don samun kuzari ta hanyar numfashin tantanin halitta.  [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} epwyoodc8k51y4vzyum5a3eiw0jcy3m 0 159229 889244 863544 2026-07-30T06:43:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889244 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}Count '''Paolo Antonio Spingardi''' (2 ga Nuwamba 1845 - 22 ga Satumba 1918) Janar ne kuma ɗan siyasan Italiya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Yakin a lokacin Yaƙin Italo-Turkiya da kuma cikin shekarun da suka gabata kafin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]]. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haife shi a Felizzano, bayan ya halarci Kwalejin Soja ta Modena Spingardi ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Independence na Italiya na Uku a matsayin mataimakin na biyu na grenadiers . A shekara ta 1874 ya shiga rundunar jami'an ma'aikata (SM), an nada shi Kwamandan rundunar a shekara ta 1876. <ref name="bio" /> A shekara ta 1897 Spingardi ya fara aiki a matsayin shugaban Babban Sakatariyar Ministan Yakin, ya zama Darakta Janar na Ayyukan Gudanarwa a shekara ta 1898. Mataimakin tsakanin 1904 da 1909 da Sanata daga 1909 har zuwa mutuwarsa, <ref name="bio" /> ya kasance mataimakin sakataren ma'aikatar yaki tsakanin 1903 da 1905, kuma bayan ɗan gajeren gogewa a matsayin Kwamandan Janar na Carabinieri Corps a 1909 ya zama Ministan Yakin, rawar da ya rike har zuwa 1914 a ƙarƙashin majalisun daban-daban guda huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scheda senatore - Spingardi Paolo |url=https://notes9.senato.it/Web/senregno.NSF/38c577ccd5139785c1257bec004a1954/47ba926d41719ccb4125646f0060c3c1?OpenDocument |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senato.it]] |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226224858/https://notes9.senato.it/Web/senregno.NSF/38c577ccd5139785c1257bec004a1954/47ba926d41719ccb4125646f0060c3c1?OpenDocument |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wannan lokacin ya kula da Yakin Italo-Turkiya, an yi masa ado da Babban Dokar Mai Tsarki kuma ya sami taken Count. <ref name="bio" /> <ref name="bio2" /> A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Spingardi ya yi aiki na kasa da wata daya a matsayin kwamandan yanki na rundunar soja ta III, a [[Milano|Milan]], an wanke shi bayan da gwamnati ta dauki matakan da ya dauka a kan masu zaman lafiya da masu shiga tsakani. Daga baya aka zaba shi shugaban hukumar tsakiya don fursunonin yaki. <ref name="bio" /> Spingardi ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1918, a bayyane yake yana fama da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] wasu fursunonin Austriya sun kamu da shi a Asinara.<ref name="bio" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Authority control}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/spingardi-paolo-conte/ Paolo Spingardi] a cikin Enciclopedia Italiana [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lyauknskkdmvd9t3uapyp9mitqdwhfn 0 159735 889075 867510 2026-07-29T16:30:19Z DaSupremo 9834 889075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Essaouira''' / ESS -ə- WEER -ə ; Larabci : ESS , Arabic ), wanda aka sani har zuwa 1960s da '''Mogador''' ( Arabic: , ko موݣادور ), birni ne mai tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin yammacin Marrakesh-Safi na [[Moroko|ƙasar Morocco]], a [[Tekun Atalanta|gabar tekun Atlantika]] . Tana da mazauna 77,966 a shekarar 2014. An kafa birnin Essaouira ne bisa aikin sarkin Alawid na ƙasar Morocco, Mohammed bin Abdallah, wanda ya yi wani gwaji na asali ta hanyar damka shi ga masu gine-gine da dama a shekarar 1760, musamman Théodore Cornut da Ahmed al-Inglizi, waɗanda suka tsara birnin ta amfani da fursunonin Faransa daga balaguron Faransa zuwa Larache da ya gaza a shekarar 1765, da kuma manufar gina birni da ya dace da buƙatun 'yan kasuwa na ƙasashen waje. Da zarar an gina shi, ya ci gaba da girma kuma ya fuskanci zamani mai kyau da ci gaba na musamman, inda ya zama tashar jiragen ruwa mafi muhimmanci a ƙasar, amma kuma babban birnin diflomasiyya tsakanin ƙarshen <abbr>ƙarni na 18 da</abbr> rabin farko na ƙarni <abbr>na 19</abbr> . Hukumar [[UNESCO]] ta sanya [[Madina ta Essaouira]] a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin tarihi na duniya]] a shekara ta 2001. == Suna da Asalinsa == Sunan birnin yawanci ana rubuta shi ne ''Essaouira'' a rubutun Latin, kuma {{Lang|ar|الصويرة}} a cikin rubutun Larabci. Duk haruffan suna wakiltar sunansa a cikin [[Larabci na Maroko|Larabcin Moroccan]], ''aṣ-Ṣwiṛa'' . Wannan shine ƙaramin (tare da takamaiman maƙala) na sunan ''ṣuṛ'' wanda ke nufin "bango (kamar kewaye da yadi, birni), shinge". Furcin da aka yi da pharyngealized {{IPA|/sˁ/}} da kuma {{IPA|/rˁ/}} ci gaba ne na ƙasar Morocco. A cikin Larabcin Gargajiya, sunan shine ''sūr'' ( {{Lang|ar|سور}}, tare da bayyananne {{IPA|/s/}} kuma {{IPA|/r/}} ), diminutive ''suwayrah'' ( {{Lang|ar|سويرة}} ); wannan ita ce kawai sigar da aka ambata a cikin dukkan ƙamus na Larabci na Gargajiya. Saboda haka, rubutun sunan a cikin rubutun Larabci bisa ga lafazin gargajiya shine {{Lang|ar|السويرة}} ''as-Suwayrah'' (tare da ''sīn'' ba ''ṣād ba'' ). Har zuwa shekarun 1960, Essaouira galibi ana kiranta da sunan [[Harshen Portuguese|Portugal]], ''Mogador'' . Wannan sunan wataƙila an yi shi ne da sunan ''Amegdul'' ( Arabic ), wanda masanin ilimin ƙasa na ƙarni na 11 al-Bakrī ya ambata. <ref>Mac Guckin de Slane (ed. and transl.), ''Description de l'Afrique septentrionale par el-Bekri'' (Alger 1913), Arabic text p. 86 {{Lang|ar|مرسى امقدول}} ''marsá Ameqdūl'' "the port of Ameqdūl", translation p. 175 ''Amegdoul'' (''Amegdul''), with footnote: "Le tombeau ou chapelle de Sîdi Megdoul est situé tout auprès de Mogador; ce dernier est une altération de ''Megdoul''".</ref> Sunan ''Mogador'' ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Finikiya ''Migdol'', ma'ana 'ƙaramin sansani'. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Medina of Essaouira &#x28;formerly Mogador&#x29; |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/753/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Binciken kayan tarihi ya nuna cewa Essaouira ta kasance a [[Prehistory|zamanin da]] . Tsibirin [[Tsibirin Mogador|Mogador yana da wani ɓangare na mafaka a bakin teku na]] Essaouira, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama tashar jiragen ruwa mai lumana da aka kare daga iska mai ƙarfi ta teku. === Tsohon zamani === An daɗe ana ɗaukar Essaouira a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wuraren da ke da alaƙa da gabar tekun Morocco. Hanno, mai tuƙi [[Tsohon Carthage|na Carthaginian]], ya ziyarci a ƙarni na 5 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, kuma ya kafa cibiyar kasuwanci ta Arambys. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Biranen Maroko]] gjbpu8ziv850pwqir0xws11p70le0j5 889076 889075 2026-07-29T16:32:13Z DaSupremo 9834 DaSupremo moved page [[Gwaje-gwaje]] to [[Essaouira]]: Misspelled title 889075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Essaouira''' / ESS -ə- WEER -ə ; Larabci : ESS , Arabic ), wanda aka sani har zuwa 1960s da '''Mogador''' ( Arabic: , ko موݣادور ), birni ne mai tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin yammacin Marrakesh-Safi na [[Moroko|ƙasar Morocco]], a [[Tekun Atalanta|gabar tekun Atlantika]] . Tana da mazauna 77,966 a shekarar 2014. An kafa birnin Essaouira ne bisa aikin sarkin Alawid na ƙasar Morocco, Mohammed bin Abdallah, wanda ya yi wani gwaji na asali ta hanyar damka shi ga masu gine-gine da dama a shekarar 1760, musamman Théodore Cornut da Ahmed al-Inglizi, waɗanda suka tsara birnin ta amfani da fursunonin Faransa daga balaguron Faransa zuwa Larache da ya gaza a shekarar 1765, da kuma manufar gina birni da ya dace da buƙatun 'yan kasuwa na ƙasashen waje. Da zarar an gina shi, ya ci gaba da girma kuma ya fuskanci zamani mai kyau da ci gaba na musamman, inda ya zama tashar jiragen ruwa mafi muhimmanci a ƙasar, amma kuma babban birnin diflomasiyya tsakanin ƙarshen <abbr>ƙarni na 18 da</abbr> rabin farko na ƙarni <abbr>na 19</abbr> . Hukumar [[UNESCO]] ta sanya [[Madina ta Essaouira]] a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin tarihi na duniya]] a shekara ta 2001. == Suna da Asalinsa == Sunan birnin yawanci ana rubuta shi ne ''Essaouira'' a rubutun Latin, kuma {{Lang|ar|الصويرة}} a cikin rubutun Larabci. Duk haruffan suna wakiltar sunansa a cikin [[Larabci na Maroko|Larabcin Moroccan]], ''aṣ-Ṣwiṛa'' . Wannan shine ƙaramin (tare da takamaiman maƙala) na sunan ''ṣuṛ'' wanda ke nufin "bango (kamar kewaye da yadi, birni), shinge". Furcin da aka yi da pharyngealized {{IPA|/sˁ/}} da kuma {{IPA|/rˁ/}} ci gaba ne na ƙasar Morocco. A cikin Larabcin Gargajiya, sunan shine ''sūr'' ( {{Lang|ar|سور}}, tare da bayyananne {{IPA|/s/}} kuma {{IPA|/r/}} ), diminutive ''suwayrah'' ( {{Lang|ar|سويرة}} ); wannan ita ce kawai sigar da aka ambata a cikin dukkan ƙamus na Larabci na Gargajiya. Saboda haka, rubutun sunan a cikin rubutun Larabci bisa ga lafazin gargajiya shine {{Lang|ar|السويرة}} ''as-Suwayrah'' (tare da ''sīn'' ba ''ṣād ba'' ). Har zuwa shekarun 1960, Essaouira galibi ana kiranta da sunan [[Harshen Portuguese|Portugal]], ''Mogador'' . Wannan sunan wataƙila an yi shi ne da sunan ''Amegdul'' ( Arabic ), wanda masanin ilimin ƙasa na ƙarni na 11 al-Bakrī ya ambata. <ref>Mac Guckin de Slane (ed. and transl.), ''Description de l'Afrique septentrionale par el-Bekri'' (Alger 1913), Arabic text p. 86 {{Lang|ar|مرسى امقدول}} ''marsá Ameqdūl'' "the port of Ameqdūl", translation p. 175 ''Amegdoul'' (''Amegdul''), with footnote: "Le tombeau ou chapelle de Sîdi Megdoul est situé tout auprès de Mogador; ce dernier est une altération de ''Megdoul''".</ref> Sunan ''Mogador'' ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Finikiya ''Migdol'', ma'ana 'ƙaramin sansani'. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Medina of Essaouira &#x28;formerly Mogador&#x29; |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/753/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Binciken kayan tarihi ya nuna cewa Essaouira ta kasance a [[Prehistory|zamanin da]] . Tsibirin [[Tsibirin Mogador|Mogador yana da wani ɓangare na mafaka a bakin teku na]] Essaouira, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama tashar jiragen ruwa mai lumana da aka kare daga iska mai ƙarfi ta teku. === Tsohon zamani === An daɗe ana ɗaukar Essaouira a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wuraren da ke da alaƙa da gabar tekun Morocco. Hanno, mai tuƙi [[Tsohon Carthage|na Carthaginian]], ya ziyarci a ƙarni na 5 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, kuma ya kafa cibiyar kasuwanci ta Arambys. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Biranen Maroko]] gjbpu8ziv850pwqir0xws11p70le0j5 0 159760 889123 867664 2026-07-29T19:15:58Z DaSupremo 9834 Removed bulletin 889123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''HMS ''Snapdragon''''' aji ne na {{Sclass2|Flower|corvette}}An sanya mata suna ne da aka yi wa aiki a rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy kuma kamfanin Smith's Dock ne ya gina shi a shekarar 1940. An sanya mata suna ne saboda Snapdragon . An ba da umarnin a shekarar 1940 kuma Luftwaffe ya nutsar da shi a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1942. == Zane da bayanin == A farkon shekarar 1939, yayin da barazanar yaƙi da Jamus ta Nazi ke ƙaruwa, ya bayyana wa Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal cewa tana buƙatar ƙarin jiragen rakiya don magance barazanar jiragen ruwa na Kriegsmarine U-boats . Wani abin damuwa shi ne buƙatar kare jigilar kaya daga gabashin gabar tekun Birtaniya. Abin da ake buƙata shi ne wani abu mafi girma da sauri fiye da jiragen ruwa masu jigilar kaya, amma har yanzu yana da arha don a gina shi da adadi mai yawa, zai fi dacewa a ƙananan wuraren jigilar kaya na 'yan kasuwa, saboda manyan yadi sun riga sun cika. Don biyan wannan buƙata, Kamfanin Smiths Dock na Middlesbrough, ƙwararre a fannin ƙira da gina jiragen kamun kifi, ya bayar da haɓaka tan 700, {{Convert|16|knot|mph km/h}} mai kama kifi ''a Kudancin Alfarma'' . An yi nufin su a matsayin ƙananan jiragen ruwa masu rakiya waɗanda za a iya samar da su cikin sauri da araha a adadi mai yawa. Duk da niyyar masu tsara jiragen ruwa na a tura su don jigilar jiragen ruwa a bakin teku, dogon zangon da suke yi yana nufin cewa sun zama babban tushen kariyar rundunar sojojin rakiya ta Mid-Ocean a lokacin rabin farko na yaƙin. Furen asali suna da tsarin RN na yau da kullun, wanda ya ƙunshi babban hasashe, bene mai rijiya, sannan gada ko gidan ƙafafun, da kuma bene mai ci gaba da gudana a baya. Wurin ma'aikatan jirgin suna cikin shirin yayin da jirgin ke baya, wanda hakan ya haifar da rashin kyawun shirye-shiryen tarko. Furen da aka gyara sun ga hasashen ya miƙe daga bayan gadar zuwa ƙarshen mazubi, wani nau'in da aka sani da ƙirar "dogon hasashen". Baya ga samar da sarari mai amfani inda dukkan ma'aikatan jirgin za su iya taruwa daga yanayi, ƙarin nauyin ya inganta kwanciyar hankali da saurin jiragen kuma an yi amfani da shi a baya ga wasu jiragen ruwa na asali na aji na fure a tsakiyar da ƙarshen yaƙin. == Gine-gine da aiki == Kamfanin Smith's Dock ne ya shimfida ''Snapdragon'' a tashar jiragen ruwansu da ke South Bank, a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1939 kuma aka harba shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1940. An ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 1940. Jirgin ruwan HMS ''Snapdragon'' yana kan wani aiki a kusa da [[Benghazi]], [[Libya]] lokacin da ake sa ran jiragen ruwan Jamus na Luftwaffe za su kai mata hari kuma suka nutse. <ref>{{Cite web |title=HMS Snapdragon (K 10) of the Royal Navy - British Corvette of the Flower class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net |url=https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5559.html |access-date=2020-10-25 |website=uboat.net}}</ref> == Manazarta == aaj66ujhlvuape0x4ohh2v6vpey3h0l 0 159761 889124 867674 2026-07-29T19:17:44Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 889124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''German submarine ''U-205''''' was a Type VIIC U-boat of the ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 19 June 1940 by the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at [[Kiel]] as yard number 634; launched on 20 March 1941; and commissioned on 3 May 1941 under the command of Franz-Georg Reschke. An nutsar da ita a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 1943 ta hannun {{HMS|Paladin|G69|6}} a == Zane == German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ''U-205'' had a displacement of {{Convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{Convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{Sfn|Gröner|1991}} She had a total length of {{Convert|67.10|m|ftin}}, a pressure hull length of {{Convert|50.50|m|ftin}}, a beam of {{Convert|6.20|m|ftin}}, a height of {{Convert|9.60|m|ftin}}, and a draught of {{Convert|4.74|m|ftin}}. The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of {{Convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of {{Convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{Convert|1.23|m|ft|0}} propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{Convert|230|m}}.{{Sfn|Gröner|1991}} Jirgin ƙarƙashin ruwa yana da matsakaicin gudun saman ruwa na {{Convert|17.7|kn}} da kuma matsakaicin gudun da aka nutse na {{Convert|7.6|kn}} . {{Sfn|Gröner|1991}} Lokacin da aka nutsar da jirgin, jirgin zai iya aiki na {{Convert|80|nmi}} a {{Convert|4|kn}}lokacin da aka sauko da ita, za ta iya tafiyar {{Convert|8500|nmi}} a {{Convert|10|kn}}An sanya wa ''U-205'' guda biyar {{Convert|53.3|cm|in|0}} a cikin . bututun torpedo (huɗu da aka sanya a baka ɗaya kuma a bayan baya), torpedo goma sha huɗu, ɗaya <span typeof="mw:Transclusion" data-mw="i masu harba jiragen sama na C/30 . Jirgin ruwan yana da ƙarin kaya tsakanin arba'in da huɗu zuwa sittin. {{Sfn|Gröner|1991}} == Tarihin sabis == Wani ɓangare na jirgin ruwa na ''U-205'' na Flotilla na 3 ya gudanar da sintiri biyu a Arewacin Tekun Atlantika. Ta shiga jirgin ruwa na U-flotilla na 29, ta kuma gudanar da sintiri tara a Bahar Rum. === Sintirin farko === Sintirin farko na {{'}} ''yan ƙasa da shekara 205'' ya fara ne lokacin da ta bar [[Trondheim]] a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1941; ta yi tafiya ta cikin tazara tsakanin [[Greenland]] da [[Ayislan|Iceland]] ( mashigar Denmark ) sannan ta sauka a [[Brest]] a Faransa da aka mamaye, a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1941. == Manazarta == 8q57k0mj1m3h2u08cs8ji0ux27czdol 0 159832 889152 868174 2026-07-29T19:55:59Z DaSupremo 9834 Added heading 889152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Asilah''' ( Arabic ) gari ne mai katanga a gefen arewa maso yamma na gabar tekun Atlantika na [[Moroko|Morocco]], kimanin {{Convert|31|km|mi}} kudu da [[Tanja|Tangier]] . Katangarorinta da ƙofofinta suna nan a cike. == Tarihi == Tarihin garin ya samo asali ne tun daga shekara ta 1500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), lokacin da [[Phoenicia|mutanen Phoenicia]] suka mamaye wani wuri mai suna '''Silis''', '''Zili''', '''Zilis''', ko '''Zilil''' ( Punic , , [ 2 ] ko Punic , ) [ 3 ] wanda ake haƙa a Dchar Jdid, kimanin {{Convert|12|km}} NE na Asilah ta yanzu; wannan wurin a da ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin sansanin Romawa Ad Mercuri, amma yanzu an yarda da shi Zilil . Daular Shi'a [[Daular Idrisid|Idriss]] ce ta gina garin Asilah da kanta, kuma khalifa na Umayyad Al-Hakam na Biyu ya sake gina garin a shekara ta 966. Turawan [[Daular Portuguese|Portugal]] sun ci birnin a shekara ta 1471 suka kuma gina katangarsa, amma an yi watsi da ita saboda rikicin bashin tattalin arziki a shekara ta 1549. A shekara ta 1578, Sebastian na Portugal ya yi amfani da Asilah a matsayin sansanin sojojinsa a lokacin wani yaƙin neman zaɓe da aka shirya wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar Sebastian, wanda hakan ya haifar da rikicin gadon Portugal na shekara ta 1580. Turawan Portugal sun ci gaba da riƙe garin amma a shekara ta 1589 mutanen Saadiya sun sake kwace ikon Asilah na ɗan lokaci, amma daga baya suka rasa shi ga Sifaniyawa. A shekara ta 1692, 'yan Maroko suka kwace garin a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Ismail Ibn Sharif|Moulay Ismail]] . Asilah ta kasance sansanin ' [[Fashi a Teku|yan fashin teku]] a ƙarni na 19 da 20, kuma a shekara ta 1829, 'yan Austria sun yi wa birnin ruwan bama-bamai saboda fashin teku na Maroko. Daga 1912 zuwa 1956, birnin ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙasar Sipaniya ta Morocco . Magajin garin, Mohamed Benaissa, ya ɗauki wani babban shiri na maido da garin a shekarar 1978. Benaissa da mai zane Mohamed Melehi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya wani bikin fasaha, ''Moussem na Al'adu na Duniya na Asilah'', wanda tun daga shekarar 1978 ya fara samar da kuɗin shiga ga masu yawon buɗe ido. An yaba da shi da haɓaka sabunta birane a Asilah, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan fasaha a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pieprzak |first=Katarzyna |year=2008 |title=Art in the Streets: Modern Art, Museum Practice and the Urban Environment in Contemporary Morocco |journal=Middle East Studies Association Bulletin |volume=42 |issue=1/2 |pages=48–54 |doi=10.1017/S0026318400051518 |jstor=23063542 |s2cid=193750448}}</ref> Ya taka rawa wajen ɗaga matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na wata-wata daga $50 a 1978 zuwa $140 a 2014. Bikin ya ƙunshi zane-zane na gida da kiɗa kuma yana ci gaba da jawo hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido da yawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Emma Katz |year=2014 |title=Art and the Economy in Amman |journal=Journal of Georgetown University-Qatar Middle Eastern Studies Student Association |volume=Globalization and the Middle East: Youth, Media & Resources, 7 |issue=2014 |pages=7 |doi=10.5339/messa.2014.7}}</ref> Asilah yanzu sanannen wurin shakatawa ne a bakin teku, tare da gidajen hutu na zamani a kan titin bakin teku da ke kaiwa ga garin daga [[Tanja|Tangier]] . <ref name="euronews">{{Cite web |title=The murals of Asilah |url=http://www.euronews.com/2012/07/18/the-murals-of-asilah/ |access-date=19 July 2012 |publisher=Euronews.com}}</ref> An gyara tsoffin unguwannin kuma an fentin su da fari, kuma masu arziki daga [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] suna samun hutunsu na ƙarshen mako a nan. == Al'adu == Duk da cewa yawon bude ido ya mamaye, an ce Asilah tana bayar da kyakkyawan gabatarwa ga al'adun Morocco. Bikin Al'adu na Duniya wanda ake kira ''Moussem'' kuma ana gudanar da shi a watan Agusta, yana dauke da kide-kide na jazz da na Morocco da kuma nunin fasaha. <ref name="footprint" /> Mai zane Mohamed Melehi daga Makarantar Fasaha ta Casablanca da kuma dan siyasa Mohamed Benaissa ne suka kafa shi tare. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Longo |first=Gianluca |date=2014-11-14 |title=The Small Moroccan City That Has Become a Haven for Art Insiders |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2014-11-14/asilah-morocco-international-cultural-moussem |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=Condé Nast Traveler |language=en-US}}</ref> Bikin kuma lokaci ne na bita ga masu fasaha na duniya, gami da zane-zanen bango, domin ana fentin gidajen Madina da sabbin zane-zane a kowace shekara. <ref name="euronews" /> Yawancin gidajen Asilah suna da ''tagogi'' na oriel . Babban cibiyar al'adu ita ce Cibiyar Hassan II des Rencontres Internationales (wanda ke cikin tsohon barikin Sipaniya). == Manazarta == ajn41z065bvmm9okxy6k3qktuk8sksy 0 159834 889154 868181 2026-07-29T19:57:17Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 889154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenitra''' {{Efn|{{langx|ar|القُنَيْطَرَة}}, {{lang|ar-Latn|al-qunayṭara}}, {{IPA|ar|alqunajtˤira|}}, {{literally|the little bridge}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=Almaany|title=ترجمة و معنى قنيطرة بالإنجليزي في قاموس المعاني. قاموس عربي انجليز/|access-date=2021-07-16|website=www.almaany.com|language=en}}</ref><br>{{langx|zgh|ⵍⵇⵏⵉⵟⵕⴰ}}<ref> https://www.maroc.ma/amz/taxonomy/term/11</ref>}} birni ne da ke arewa maso yammacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] . Tashar jiragen ruwa ce a [[kogin Sebou]] mai yawan jama'a 507,736 kamar yadda aka kiyasta a shekarar 2024. <ref name="popu">{{Cite web |date=7 November 2024 |title=Population légale du Royaume du Maroc selon les résultats du Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat de 2024 |url=https://www.hcp.ma/file/242341/ |website=hcp.ma |language=fr,ar}}</ref> Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen uku na yankin Rabat-Salé-Kénitra kuma babban birnin lardin Kénitra mai suna makamancin haka. A lokacin [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cacar Baki]], Tashar Jiragen Sama ta Amurka Port Lyautey ta kasance wurin tsayawa a [[Arewacin Afirka]] . == Tarihi == === Tarihin da ya gabata === Tarihin birnin ya fara ne da kafa wani wurin ciniki ta Hanno, wani mai bincike [[Tsohon Carthage|na Carthaginian]], a wancan lokacin. An san birnin da Thamusida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hanno {{!}} Phoenician, Mediterranean, Navigator {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hanno-Carthaginian-explorer |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> === Mulkin mallaka da tarihin baya-bayan nan === A watan Maris na shekarar 1912, gwamnatin Faransa da Sarkin Morocco, Abd al-Hafid, suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Fez . Saboda karuwar rashin karbuwar da Sarkin ya nuna, ya nemi gwamnatin Faransa ta ba shi kariya daga kabilun 'yan tawayen Berber da ke kewaye da Fez. Faransa ta nada Hubert Lyautey, babban magatakarda a Morocco. Janar Lyautey ya dawo da zaman lafiya da tsari a ƙasar bayan ya murkushe boren ƙabila. Bayan ya ƙaura da Sarkin Musulmi daga Fez zuwa babban birnin ƙasar na yanzu, Rabat, Lyautey ya fara aikinsa na gudanar da harkokin farar hula. [[Fayil:Sbou_River_-_Corniche_Kenitra.jpg|left|thumb|Kogin Sebou - Corniche]] Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da Janar Lyautey ya fara yi shi ne gina tashoshin jiragen ruwa a bakin tekun Atlantika inda babu tashoshin jiragen ruwa na halitta. Ya kafa Port Lyautey a shekarar 1912 a matsayin sansanin soja na Faransa da kuma garinsu. An buɗe tashar jiragen ruwanta, a bakin kogin Sebou, a shekarar 1913. Ba da daɗewa ba ta zama tashar jiragen ruwa mafi kyau a Maroko. Kenitra ya samo sunansa daga wani magudanar ruwa da aka gina a tafkin Fouarat a sama da kasbah. An lalata wannan magudanar ruwa a shekarar 1928. A shekarar 1933, Faransawa sun sanya wa yankin suna "Port Lyautey". An sake masa suna "Quneitra" a shekarar 1956 lokacin da Morocco ta sami 'yancin kanta. Birnin ya bunƙasa cikin sauri har ya zama cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki ga amfanin gona (galibi 'ya'yan itace), kifi, katako, da ma'adanai na gubar da zinc. Yankin masana'antar birnin yana sama da tashar jiragen ruwa. === Sansanin Sojan Ruwan Amurka === [[Fayil:Kenitra_American_Base.jpg|thumb|Sansanin Sojojin Sama na Kenitra: Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a da Kulawa]] A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1942, bayan an yi amfani da [[Aikin Torch|Operation Torch]], Amurkawa sun kwace sansanin sojojin Faransa na Port Lyautey a matsayin sansanin soja, mai suna Craw Field . Tsawon watanni uku rundunar Injiniya ta 21 ta jiragen sama ta yi aiki a filin jirgin sama. A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1943, jiragen ruwa na rundunar sojojin ruwa ta 120 sun kwace dukkan ayyukan gini. Rundunar sojin ruwa ta gudanar da sansanin har zuwa shekarar 1947, lokacin da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta yi shawarwari kan mayar da iko zuwa Faransa. A shekarar 1950, an ba da izinin fadada sansanin da ya kai dala miliyan 23,000,000, amma daga baya yakin Koriya ya karkatar da albarkatun. A shekarun 1950, kusan mutane 10,000 ne ke sansanin, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban tarin Amurkawa a kowace sansanin soja a wajen Japan. Daga baya, an fadada sansanin da ke Kenitra don zama tashar jiragen saman sojojin ruwa ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=''History of Port Lyautey'' |url=http://www.portlyautey.com/Port%20Lyautey%20History.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715112450/http://www.portlyautey.com/Port%20Lyautey%20History.htm |archive-date=2011-07-15 |access-date=2006-12-31}}</ref> Amurka da Morocco sun raba sansanin a lokacin [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cacar Baki]] . An rufe wani ƙaramin tashar sadarwa ta sojojin ruwa a Sidi Yahia a ƙarshen shekarun 1970. An rufe tashar jiragen sama a shekarar 1991. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Yanayi == Kenitra tana da yanayin zafi na Bahar Rum ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen climate classification]] ''Csa'' ). A lokacin rani, akwai matsakaicin kwanaki 27.4 inda matsakaicin zafin rana yake a {{Convert|30.0|C|F}} ko sama da haka, da kuma kwana 1.6 tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki sama da {{Convert|40.0|C|F}} . Lokacin sanyi yana da sauƙi kuma ana ruwan sama, tare da matsakaicin yanayin sanyi yana faruwa kwanaki 0.3 kawai a kowace shekara. Mafi girman zafin da aka rubuta shine {{Convert|47.7|C|F}} a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2003, kuma mafi sanyi shine {{Convert|-3.0|C|F}} a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2012. == Manazarta == nld820jlygjm77kqdd9waaez0ektdzi 0 159838 889250 868209 2026-07-30T06:51:05Z BnHamid 12586 889250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eric G. Strauss''' masanin kimiyya ne na Amurka wanda shine Farfesa na Shugaban kasa a Jami'ar Loyola Marymount (LMU) a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] . Shi memba ne na Sashen Biology a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Injiniya ta Frank R. Seaver kuma darektan Ballona Discovery Park . Wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Resilience ta Birane (CURes), Strauss yana da niyyar ƙirƙirar bincike da damar koyarwa a cikin LMU a matsayin hanya ga gwamnati da unguwa a duk yankin Los Angeles. Strauss shine editan da ya kafa mujallar da aka sake dubawa ta yanar gizo, Cities and the Environment, wanda USDA Forest Service da The LMU Library suka tallafawa a wani bangare. Strauss ya yi aiki a matsayin tsohon darektan Shirin Nazarin Muhalli a Kwalejin Boston sama da shekaru 15. Tare da ƙwarewar bincike a cikin halayyar dabbobi, yanayin yanayin halittu na birane da ilimin kimiyya, ya faɗaɗa samfurin don ayyukan baiwa ta hanyar taimakawa wajen kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Birni a Boston, wanda ke ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi, bincike da sabuntawa ga unguwanni marasa kulawa da mazaunansu. Yana da PhD daga Jami'ar Tufts kuma an fi saninsa da aikinsa tare da coyotes da kuma sha'awar [[Ciwon Lyme|Cutar Lyme]]. Strauss kuma gwani ne kan nasarar yawan bututu na Cape Cod, MA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Great Courses |url=https://www.thegreatcourses.com/professors/eric-g-strauss/}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * Barnett, M., Lord, C., Strauss, E., Rosca, C., Langford, H., Chavez, D., da Deni, L. 2006. "Yin amfani da yanayin birane don shigar da matasa cikin nazarin yanayin muhalli na birane". ''Jaridar Ilimi ta Muhalli'' 37 (2): 3-11. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. "Motsi da ayyukan ayyukan coyotes na gabas a cikin yanayin bakin teku". Arewa maso gabas Naturalist '''11''': 237-254. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. "Halin coyote na gabas a cikin yanayin ɗan adam". Arewa maso gabashin namun daji '''56''': 18-30. * [Hasiya] ''Biology, Yanar Gizo na Rayuwa'', 2nd Edition. Menlo Park: Benjamin Cummings. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] ''Ilimin Halitta Rayuwa!'' Mai karɓar bakuncin kuma mai ba da shawara na fasaha don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin guda biyar kan kiyayewa da ilmin halitta na juyin halitta. McLean Media / Addison Wesley. Gidan shakatawa na Menlo == Manazarta == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * [https://agora.bc.edu/public.personal.presence/LDAPUSER=strausse/DIR_POPUP=Y Jerin malamai na Kwalejin Boston] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rbli4iu4z885byag648c00srmzap7dq 0 159862 889323 888711 2026-07-30T09:37:03Z A09 23573 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-41801-71|~2026-41801-71]] ([[User talk:~2026-41801-71|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:A09|A09]] 881096 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Spam <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> {{Infobox person | name = Usman Haruna | image = usman_haruna.jpg | caption = Usman Haruna (Communicator) | birth_name = | birth_place = Lafiagi, Karamar Hukumar Edu, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | education = Kwalejin Larabci da Nazarin Shari'ar Musulunci legal ta Jihar Kwara da ke Ilorin (CAILS), Ilorin<br>Jami'ar Bayero Kano | occupation = Ɗan jarida, marubucin | known_for = Aikin jarida na zamani da fafutukar al'umma<br>Editor In Chief - NupekoTV }} '''Usman Haruna''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Communicator''', ɗan jarida ne kuma marubucin fasaha daga Jihar Kwara, Najeriya. Ya fi mayar da hankali wajen rubuce rubuce kan fasaha, sadarwa, fasahar kuɗi da kuma harkokin jama'a. Haka kuma an san shi da fafutukar wayar da kai kan matsalolin tsaro a wasu sassan Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=Usman Haruna author profile |url=https://www.naijanews.com/author/usman-haruna |website=Naija News |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Haruna ya fito ne daga garin Lafiagi da ke Karamar Hukumar Edu a Jihar Kwara. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Larabci da Nazarin Shari'ar Musulunci legal ta Jihar Kwara da ke Ilorin (CAILS), Ilorin, sannan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Bayero Kano. == Aiki == Haruna ɗan jarida ne kuma marubucin fasaha wanda rubuce rubucensa suka fi mayar da hankali kan sadarwa, tsarin tantance ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar fasaha, fasahar kuɗi da fasahar zamani. Shi marubuci ne a Naija News inda yake wallafa labarai da maƙaloli kan fasaha da harkokin jama'a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Usman Haruna author profile |url=https://www.naijanews.com/author/usman-haruna |website=Naija News |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> An kuma tattara rubuce rubucensa a shafin Muck Rack.<ref>{{cite web |title=Author profile: communicator |url=https://muckrack.com/__communicator_/articles |website=Muck Rack |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> == Fafutukar al'umma == A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2026, Haruna ya shiga zanga zangar matasan Kwara ta Arewa da aka gudanar a Gidan Gwamnatin Jihar Kwara da ke Ilorin. Zanga zangar ta mayar da hankali ne kan matsalar rashin tsaro a yankunan Edu, Patigi da Kaiama, inda ake yawan samun satar mutane da kashe kashe.<ref>{{cite news |title=Insecurity: Youths demand end to incessant killings in Kwara |url=https://punchng.com/insecurity-youths-demand-end-to-incessant-killings-in-kwara/ |work=The Punch |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> Masu zanga zangar sun kuma nuna adawa da shirin mayar da sansanin horas da masu yi wa ƙasa hidima (NYSC) na Jihar Kwara zuwa sansanin 'yan gudun hijira.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara Insecurity: Residents Reject Conversion Of NYSC Camp To IDP Camp |url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1699268-kwara-insecurity-residents-reject-conversion-nysc-camp-idp-camp-displaced-families/ |work=Legit.ng |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> Jaridu da dama a Najeriya sun ruwaito wannan zanga zanga.<ref>{{cite news |title=Security Crisis: Kwara North Youths Stage Peaceful Protest In Ilorin |url=https://leadership.ng/security-crisis-kwara-north-youths-stage-peaceful-protest-in-ilorin/ |work=Leadership |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara Residents Demand Decisive Action Against Bandits |url=https://dailytrust.com/kwara-residents-demand-decisive-action-against-bandits |work=Daily Trust |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara residents protest killings, kidnappings, accuse government of negligence |url=https://gazettengr.com/kwara-residents-protest-killings-kidnappings-accuse-abdulrazaqs-govt-of-negligence/ |work=Peoples Gazette |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara youths march to Government House over killings, kidnappings |url=https://saharareporters.com/2026/02/26/breaking-tib-movement-kwara-youths-march-govt-house-over-killings-kidnappings-five-lgas |work=Sahara Reporters |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara youths storm Govt House to protest kidnappings, killings |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2026/02/26/just-in-kwara-youths-storm-govt-house-protest-incessant-kidnappings-killings/ |work=Naija News |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> == Fitowa a kafafen yaɗa labarai == Haruna ya halarci shirye shirye a kafafen yaɗa labarai inda aka tattauna batutuwan shugabanci da rashin tsaro a Jihar Kwara. A shekarar 2026 ya kasance baƙo a The Informant247 TV, inda ya tattauna kan siyasa da matsalar tsaro a yankin Kwara ta Arewa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Communicator To Feature Live On TheInformant247 TV Today Over Politics, Insecurity In Kwara North |url=https://www.nupekotv.com/2026/06/communicator-to-feature-live-on.html |website=NupekoTV |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Nigerian]] [[Rukuni:Online person databases]] [[Rukuni:Living people]] [[Rukuni:Biography]] [[Rukuni:Bayero University Kano alumni]] [[Rukuni:Social Media Manager]] __NOEDITSECTION__ __INDEX__ 90kutz4ho1tgizruwh9f99ju76lwk6v 0 159865 889324 888710 2026-07-30T09:37:05Z A09 23573 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-41801-71|~2026-41801-71]] ([[User talk:~2026-41801-71|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:A09|A09]] 881121 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Spam <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> {{DISPLAYTITLE:NupekoTV}} {{Infobox person | name = NupekoTV | image = NupekoTv.jpg | caption = NupekoTV | other_names = NupekoTV, Nupeko TV | company_types = Kamfani mai zaman kansa | occupation = Kafar yaɗa labarai ta dijital | years_active = 2021–zuwa yanzu | people = Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed | citizenship = Lafiagi, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | known_for = Labaran cikin gida, labaran ƙasashen duniya, sharhin al'amuran jama'a da bunƙasa al'adun Nupe | website = {{URL|https://www.nupekotv.com}} }} '''NupekoTV''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''NupekoTV''' ko '''Nupeko TV''') kafar yaɗa labarai ce mai zaman kanta ta Najeriya wadda ke da hedikwata a Lafiagi, Karamar Hukumar Edu, Jihar Kwara. An kafa ta a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed'''. Kafar tana wallafa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da sharhin al'amuran jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adun Nupe da na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV.com: About Us - NupekoTV|url=https://www.nupekotv.com/p/about-us.html|website=NupekoTV}}</ref> Kafar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne ta hanyar wallafa labarai a yanar gizo da sauran kafafen sadarwa na zamani. == Tarihi == An kafa NupekoTV a shekarar 2021 ta hannun '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' domin samar da kafar yaɗa labarai mai zaman kanta da za ta mayar da hankali kan rahotannin labarai, harkokin jama'a da kuma bunƙasa al'adu. A shekarar 2026, NupekoTV ta sake ƙaddamar da shafinta na yanar gizo domin faɗaɗa ayyukan yaɗa labarai ta hanyar dijital da kuma ƙarfafa aikin jaridar al'umma.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times}}</ref> == Ayyuka == NupekoTV tana wallafa labaran cikin gida, na ƙasa da na ƙasashen duniya tare da maƙaloli, ra'ayoyi da bayanai masu amfani ga jama'a. Haka kuma tana ba da muhimmanci ga rahotannin da suka shafi yankin Kwara ta Arewa.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Relaunches Website to Strengthen Independent Community Journalism |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-relaunches-website-to-strengthen-independent-community-journalism |website=Factual Times}}</ref> == Kasancewa a kafafen sada zumunta == NupekoTV tana da shafuka masu aiki a kafafen sada zumunta kamar Facebook da YouTube, inda take yaɗa labarai da sauran shirye shirye ga masu bibiyarta. Har ila yau, kafar tana gudanar da rahotannin da suka shafi ci gaban al'umma tare da ba da muhimmanci ga batutuwan tsaro da shugabanci a yankin Kwara ta Arewa. == Jagoranci == Jagorancin NupekoTV ya haɗa da: * '''Mohammed Alhaji Tauheed''' — Wanda ya kafa kafar kuma Babban Darakta (CEO) * '''[[Usman Haruna]]''' — Mataimakin Babban Darakta (Sub CEO) * '''Mohammed Idris Shaaba''' — Mairubutu * '''Abdullahi Adam Santali''' — Mataimakin Mairubutu == Lambar yabo == A shekarar 2025, kungiyar Initial Language Legacy and Culture (ILLEC) ta karrama NupekoTV saboda gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen bunƙasa harshen Nupe da al'adunsa a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=NupekoTV Gets Award for Promoting Nupe Language |url=https://factualtimesng.com/nupekotv-gets-award-for-promoting-nupe-language |website=Factual Times}}</ref> == Shari'o'i da muhawara == NupekoTV ta shiga wasu shari'o'i da suka shafi 'yancin aikin jarida, waɗanda kafafen yaɗa labarai daban daban suka ruwaito. A wani lamari, wani kwamishina na Jihar Kwara ya shigar da ƙarar bata suna ta Naira miliyan 10 a kan kafar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara commissioner slams N10m lawsuit against media outlet over allegations of negligence |url=https://theinformant247.com/kwara-commissioner-slams-n10m-lawsuit-against-media-outlet-over-allegations-of-negligence |website=The Informant247}}</ref> Kungiyoyin kare aikin jarida da na farar hula, ciki har da ASKOMP, sun soki abin da suka bayyana a matsayin matsin lamba ga kafafen yaɗa labarai a Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASKOMP condemns govt official’s clampdown on media in Kwara |url=https://theinformant247.com/askomp-condemns-govt-officials-clampdown-on-media-in-kwara |website=The Informant247}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, wasu rahotanni sun ce an tsare wani ɗan jaridar NupekoTV bisa zargin bata suna, lamarin da jam'iyyun siyasa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula suka yi Allah wadai da shi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwara PDP condemns Abdulrazaq’s govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand, accuses it of silencing critics |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/16/kwara-pdp-condemns-abdulrazaqsa-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-accuses-it |website=SaharaReporters }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TIB Movement condemns Kwara govt over NupekoTV journalist’s remand in prison, calls charges ‘malicious’ |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/15/tib-movement-condemns-kwara-govt-over-nupekotv-journalists-remand-prison-calls-charges |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> Daga baya, wata kotu ta bayar da belin mawallafin NupekoTV a cikin shari'ar bata sunan da aka shigar a kansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Court grants bail to NupekoTV publisher in defamation suit filed by Kwara commissioner Usman Lade |url=https://saharareporters.com/2025/10/21/court-grants-bail-nupekoTV-publisher-defamation-suit-filed-kwara-commissioner-usman-lade |website=SaharaReporters}}</ref> == Manufa == A cewar bayanan da kafar ta wallafa, manufar NupekoTV ita ce yaɗa labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen duniya tare da bunƙasa al'adun Afirka da na al'ummar Nupe. == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.nupekotv.com Shafin yanar gizon NupekoTV] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} __FORCETOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Rukuni:Jarida]] [[Rukuni:Jarida mai wallafa labaran ta a yanar gizo]] [[Rukuni:Jarida a Najeriya]] __INDEX__ 80gz79dcbl8mlq3aub1o028la1o6o6i 0 159885 889193 868841 2026-07-29T22:35:11Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 889193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Swakopmund''' ('Bakin [[Kogin Swakop|Swakop]] ') birni ne da ke bakin tekun yammacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]], <ref name="ALANlist">{{Cite web |title=Local Authorities |url=http://www.alan.org.na/?q=localauthorities/list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610203011/http://www.alan.org.na/?q=localauthorities%2Flist |archive-date=10 June 2013 |access-date=1 October 2012 |publisher=Association of Local Authorities in Namibia (ALAN)}}</ref> {{Cvt|352|km|mi}} yamma da babban birnin ƙasar Namibia [[Windhoek]] ta hanyar babban titin B2 . Ita ce babban birnin gundumar gudanarwa ta Erongo . Tana da mazauna 25,047. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namibia Cities by Population 2025 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/namibia |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=World Population Review |language=en}}</ref> Birnin yana gefen Hamadar Namib kuma shine cibiyar jama'a ta huɗu mafi girma a Namibia. Swakopmund sanannen wurin shakatawa ne na bakin teku kuma an san shi da gine-ginen mulkin mallaka na Jamus na ƙarni na 19. An kafa birnin a shekarar 1892 a matsayin babban tashar jiragen ruwa na Jamus ta Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka . Gine-ginen birnin sun haɗa da Altes Gefängnis, gidan yarin da Heinrich Bause ya tsara a shekarar 1909. Woermannhaus, wanda aka gina a shekarar 1906 tare da hasumiya mai ban sha'awa (hasumiyar Damara), yanzu ɗakin karatu ne na jama'a. Wuraren jan hankali a Swakopmund sun haɗa da Gidan Tarihi na Swakopmund, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swakopmund Museum |url=https://scientificsocietyswakopmund.com/swakopmund-museum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021022010/https://scientificsocietyswakopmund.com/swakopmund-museum/ |archive-date=2021-10-21 |access-date=2017-12-17 |publisher=Scientific Society Swakopmund |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[National Marine Aquarium na Namibia]], da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Crystal. Ana gudanar da ayyuka kamar hawa keke sau huɗu, hawa raƙumi, nutsewa a sararin sama, yin paragliding, da tafiye-tafiyen ranakun hamada a cikin tsaunukan yashi kusa da Langstrand, kudu da [[Kogin Swakop]] . A wajen birnin, filin wasan golf na hamadar Rossmund yana ɗaya daga cikin filayen wasan golf guda biyar kacal da ake da ciyawa a duniya. A kusa akwai wata gona da ke ba da damar yin hawan raƙumi ga masu yawon buɗe ido da kuma jirgin ƙasa mai tururi na Martin Luther, wanda aka gina tun daga shekarar 1896 kuma aka yi watsi da shi a hamada. == Tarihi == === Asalin Ma'anar === An sanya wa garin suna ne bayan [[Kogin Swakop]] . Mazauna Jamus sun fassara shi ''da Swachaub'', kuma lokacin da aka ayyana gundumar a hukumance a shekarar 1896, aka gabatar da sigar ''Swakopmund'' (Jamusanci: ''Bakin [[Kogin Swakop|Swakop]]'' ). <ref name="NamibWeb">{{Cite web |title=Swakopmund |url=http://www.namibweb.com/swakopmund.htm |access-date=8 August 2011 |publisher=namibweb.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Biranen Namibiya]] jjrtvcuoqyw75glpm5djy2cg1ofhpjy 0 159985 889313 869583 2026-07-30T08:49:47Z DaSupremo 9834 889313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tashar Jiragen Ruwa '''ta Landan''' wani ɓangare ne na Kogin Thames a Ingila wanda ke tsakanin Teddington Lock da iyakar da aka ƙayyade (tun daga 1968, layin da aka ɗaga daga Foulness Point a Essex ta hanyar Gunfleet Old Lighthouse zuwa Warden Point a Kent ) tare da Tekun Arewa kuma ya haɗa da duk wani tashar jiragen ruwa da ke da alaƙa. A da ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a duniya, ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a Burtaniya tun daga 2020. <ref name="largest-2019">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2021 |title=All freight tonnage traffic by port and year |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1001753/port0101.ods |publisher=Department for Transport |type=.ods, [[OpenDocument]] spreadsheet}}New data appended annually.</ref> Hukumar Kula da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Landan ("PLA") ce ke kula da amfani da shi, wata amana ta jama'a da aka kafa a 1908; yayin da yake da alhakin daidaitawa da aiwatar da ayyukan <ref>{{Cite web |title=Enforcement Action |url=https://www.pla.co.uk/Safety/Regulations-and-Guidance/Enforcement-Action |access-date=22 October 2021 |website=Port of London Authority}}</ref>, yana kuma da wasu ƙananan ayyuka na kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PLA Drying Out Facilities |url=https://www.pla.co.uk/About-Us/PLA-Drying-Out-Facilities |access-date=22 October 2021 |website=Port of London Authority}}</ref> Tashar jiragen ruwan za ta iya ɗaukar jiragen ruwa na ruwa, jiragen ruwa na birgima da kuma dukkan nau'ikan kaya a manyan wurare a gabashinta. Kamar yadda yake a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na tarihi na Turai da yawa, kamar [[Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Antwerp|Antwerp]] da Rotterdam, ayyuka da yawa sun ci gaba da tafiya zuwa ga teku yayin da jiragen ruwa suka girma kuma aka mamaye su a gefen kogin don wasu amfani. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Port_of_london_authority_building_trinity_square.jpg|thumb|Tsohon Ginin Hukumar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Landan, 10 Trinity Square, Tower Hill]] Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Landan ta kasance ginshiki ga tattalin arzikin Landan tun lokacin da aka kafa birnin a ƙarni na 1 kuma ta kasance babbar mai ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban birnin da nasararsa. A ƙarni na 18 da 19, ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi cunkoso a duniya, tare da tasoshin jiragen ruwa da ke ci gaba da tafiya tare da Thames na tsawon {{Convert|11|mi|km}}, da kuma sama da kekunan hawa 1,500 da ke sarrafa jiragen ruwa 60,000 a kowace shekara. Wannan shine babban abin da jiragen saman Jamus na Nazi suka yi niyyar kai hari a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ( Blitz ). === Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Romawa a Landan === An ga shaidar farko ta tashar jiragen ruwa mai ma'ana a Landan a lokacin mulkin Romawa a Birtaniya, a lokacin da Romawa suka gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta asali. Gina ta ƙunshi faɗaɗa bakin teku ta amfani da firam ɗin katako da aka cika da ƙasa. Da zarar an gina waɗannan, an gina tashar jiragen ruwa a matakai huɗu suna tafiya ƙasa daga Gadar London . Tashar jiragen ruwa ta fara girma da bunƙasa cikin sauri a ƙarni na 2 da na 3, kuma ta ga ƙarshenta a farkon ƙarni na 5 tare da raguwar ayyukan kasuwanci saboda ficewar Romawa daga Birtaniya . Canje-canjen da Romawa suka yi wa bankunan da ke kan tashar jiragen ruwa suna da yawa kuma suna daɗewa har ya yi wuya a faɗi inda bakin tekun ya fara. Duk da haka, tashar jiragen ruwa da ke cikin garin Romawa ta riga ta faɗi a ƙarshen ƙarni na 2 AD. Da alama tashar jiragen ruwa mai kyau ta haɓaka a kusan wannan lokacin a Shadwell, kimanin {{Cvt|1|mile}} gabas da garin Romawa <ref>{{Cite web |title=New tales of old London: the lost Roman port, Shadwell, and other stories |url=https://www.layersoflondon.org/map/records/new-tales-of-old-london-the-lost-roman-port-shadwell-and-other-stories |website=www.layersoflondon.org}}</ref> {{Clear}} == Manazarta == 839janj8iirmpumv07tf9tbbrd6cnog 0 160183 888965 870850 2026-07-29T13:25:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 888965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = | specialty = infectious disease | symptoms = | onset = | duration = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc; color:inherit;" |Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai ci gaba |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Medical specialty|Kyakkyawan]] | class="infobox-data" |Cututtukan cututtuka |} '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: [ana buƙatar ambaton]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}} * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 07tj7ib80bkb81kcdyqrf7graw85gbi 888966 888965 2026-07-29T13:26:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 888966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = | specialty = infectious disease | symptoms = | onset = | duration = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: [ana buƙatar ambaton]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}} * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1bqac8g3akpuh3u7pd1twj1jbv8ad7g 888967 888966 2026-07-29T13:26:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 888967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = | specialty = infectious disease | symptoms = | onset = | duration = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g638ob2s3l35lhm4gwevn15kzujvb96 888968 888967 2026-07-29T13:27:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 888968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = | specialty = infectious disease | symptoms = | onset = | duration = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3ole4mowwpx5vd90bdwf2p7wx2ebdm3 888969 888968 2026-07-29T13:27:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 888969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = | specialty = infectious disease | symptoms = | onset = | duration = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rmznk7vx3vmt1rru1118szsg1dzkxeo 888970 888969 2026-07-29T13:27:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 888970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pronounce = | specialty = infectious disease | symptoms = | onset = | duration = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fafdo1lsxn94f108gg4fwr64jjdiklb 888971 888970 2026-07-29T13:28:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 888971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cb86d0ltcbynosx85fjfmbv02ilhwv5 888972 888971 2026-07-29T13:29:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 888972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k6yx4umpdkmcunh26lyjwe29z6gavjl 888973 888972 2026-07-29T13:29:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 888973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6b8znr7ylrxe54lzwig7cnj7kvx43l9 888974 888973 2026-07-29T13:30:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 888974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p7y767505flifir9523gent5z3fewe0 888975 888974 2026-07-29T13:30:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 888975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. [ana maganar hujja] [ana bukatar] == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e5lmmiz54lq1euui2awzrp0twu3k0e3 888976 888975 2026-07-29T13:30:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 888976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba. == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q1bnnji92zzch7ah7uf2i1kxcgb1cms 888977 888976 2026-07-29T13:31:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 888977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) ''' cuta ce ta jijiyoyi wacce zata iya faruwa a cikin yaro da ke da rubella. Yana da saurin kamuwa da cuta na kwakwalwa wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar encephalitis mai tsanani, yawanci yana nunawa tsakanin shekaru 8-19. An yi imanin cewa saboda ci gaba ko sake farfado da kamuwa da kwayar cutar rubella. == Dalilin da ya sa == Yana tasowa watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 4 bayan kamuwa da cutar rubella na farko, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne kamuwa da cutar rubella. A cikin yara masu kamuwa da cutar rubella na haifuwa, rashi ya kasance barga; lalacewar jijiyoyi bayan 'yan shekarun farko na rayuwa ba a yarda da faruwa ba. Za'a iya raba ci gaban cutar zuwa matakai biyu: * Mataki na 1: '''Canje-canje na Halin''' da aka yi amfani da shi ** Farkon ɓoye ** sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin halayyar da raguwar aikin makaranta * Mataki na biyu: '''Canje-canje na jijiyoyi''' - wani lokacin myoclonic cerebellar ataxia spastic raunin retinopathy, optic atrophy frank dementia wanda ke haifar da spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 ** fashewa - wani lokacin myoclonic ** Cerebellar ataxia ** Rashin ƙarfi ** retinopathy, atrophy na gani ** [[Dementia|Rashin hankali]] na gaskiya wanda ke haifar da comaKomawa ** spasticity da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tare da mutuwa a cikin shekaru 2-5 == Binciken ganewa == Ana yin la'akari da ganewar asali lokacin da yaron da ke da rubella na haihuwa ya haɓaka spasticity na ci gaba, ataxia, tabarbarewar tunani, da kamawa. Gwaji ya ƙunshi aƙalla gwajin CSF da serology. Ƙimar CSF jimlar furotin da globulin da haɓakar ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin CSF da ruwan magani suna faruwa. CT na iya nuna haɓakar ventricular saboda atrophy cerebellar da cututtukan fata. Kwakwalwa biopsy na iya zama dole don ware wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da encephalitis ko encephalopathy. Kwayar cutar Rubella yawanci ba za ta iya warkewa ta hanyar al'adar hoto ko kuma gwajin rigakafi ba.<ref>Moore, David P. (2008). Textbook of clinical neuropsychiatry (2nd ed.). London: Hodder Arnold. p. 507. <nowiki>ISBN 9780340939536</nowiki>. Retrieved 6 August 2017.</ref> == Magani == Ko da yake babu takamaiman magani, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin tashin hankali, physiotherapy, da sauransu. [ana binciken hujja] == Sakamakon == PRP ba kasafai ba ne kuma yayi kama da SSPE amma ba tare da haɗa jikin cikin salula ba. An gano majiyyata 20 ne kawai tun farkon ganowa a cikin 1974. == Dubi kuma == * Panencephalitis mai tsanani == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tbg2hv7k4f4dm3cfg0pkua3o22n6uzm 0 160245 888916 871452 2026-07-29T12:54:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nadjib Baouia'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadjib_Baouia Nadjib Baouia</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1992) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Aljeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar Saint-Priest ta Faransa.<ref>http://www.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/76213 LFP.fr. Retrieved 10 May 2013.</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a El M'Ghair, [[Algeria]], Baouia ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Evian a shekarar 2011 daga Caluire SC. A watan Maris na 2013, ya fara buga wasa a babban gasar a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Reims a zagaye na 30 na kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2012–13, inda ya buga mintuna bakwai. A watan Mayu, a wasansa na biyu a babban wasa, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a babban wasa a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Coupe de France ta 2012–13 a wasan da suka doke Lorient da ci 4-0. Baouia ya zura ƙwallonsa ta huɗu a wasan bayan ya bayyana a fili mintuna biyu da suka gabata.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130607031603/http://www.dzfoot.com/news-13642-verts-d-europe-un-1er-but-en-pro-et-une-finale-pour-baouia.php</ref> A watan Agusta na 2015, bayan gwaji mai nasara, Baouia ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru, Yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya, tare da ƙarin zaɓin shekara ɗaya, tare da Ligue 2 RC Lens. Bayan wasanni da yawa tare da ƙungiyar reserve a gasar Championnat de France Amateur, ya fara wasa, kuma kawai ya bayyana, a ƙungiyar farko a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da AJ Auxerre ta sha kashi da ci 0-1 a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://duchere.footeo.com/actualite/2020/01/22/nadjib-baouia-est-lyonnais.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2020-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324134643/https://duchere.footeo.com/actualite/2020/01/22/nadjib-baouia-est-lyonnais.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Yunin 2017, Baouia ya shiga sabuwar ƙungiyar Championnat National da aka ɗaukaka SO Cholet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fcsete34.com/nadjib-baouia-est-vert-et-blanc/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083621/https://fcsete34.com/nadjib-baouia-est-vert-et-blanc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Janairun 2020, Baouia ya koma ƙungiyar Championnat National AS Lyon Duchère (wanda ya sake suna Sporting Club Lyon a watan Yunin 2020) kan yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da rabi. A watan Yunin 2021, ya koma Sète, shi ma a gasar Championnat National. A ranar 13 ga Yulin 2022, Baouia ya koma Créteil a gasar Championnat National 2. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{LFP|id=najib-baouia}} * {{Soccerway|nadjib-baouia/205915}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baouia, Nadjib}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1992 births]] [[Category:People from El Oued Province]] [[Category:Algerian men's footballers]] [[Category:Algerian expatriate men's footballers]] [[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in France]] [[Category:Algerian expatriate sportspeople in France]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]] [[Category:French men's footballers]] [[Category:Ligue 1 players]] [[Category:Ligue 3 players]] [[Category:Championnat National 2 players]] [[Category:Championnat National 3 players]] [[Category:Thonon Evian Grand Genève FC players]] [[Category:RC Lens players]] [[Category:SO Cholet players]] [[Category:Lyon-La Duchère players]] [[Category:SC Sète players]] [[Category:US Créteil-Lusitanos players]] [[Category:AS Saint-Priest players]] [[Category:Men's association football forwards]] [[Category:21st-century Algerian sportsmen]] [[Category:21st-century French sportsmen]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} cdwqsim14z159wuc7sijf0n3pj0ot59 0 160366 889303 872289 2026-07-30T08:02:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  {{Reflist}}'''Patrick Evelyn Hugh Sadler Gale''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1962) marubuci ne na Burtaniya. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Gale a shekara ta 1962 a Tsibirin Wight, ƙarami cikin yara huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Patrick |url=https://galewarning.org/about-patrick/ |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> <ref name="gr">{{Cite web |last=Reunited |first=Genes |title=Patrick Gale - England & Wales Births 1837-2006 [1] - Genes Reunited |url=http://www.genesreunited.co.uk/search/results?sourcecategory=birthsutf002c+marriages+utf0026+deaths&collection=births+utf0026+baptisms&datasetname=england+utf0026+wales+births+1837-2006&firstname=patrick&firstname_variants=true&lastname=gale&birthyear=1962&birthyear_offset=0&region=great+britain |access-date=19 June 2018 |website=genesreunited.co.uk}}</ref> Mahaifinsa shi ne Gwamnan kurkuku na HM Prison Camp Hill a tsibirin Wight, kuma an haife shi a ciki da kewayen kurkuku. A shekara ta 1969 iyalin suka koma Winchester kuma mahaifinsa ya zama Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnati na Kurkuku. A cikin littafinsa na 2000 Rough Music, halin jagora shine ɗan gwamnan kurkuku. A Winchester an gayyace shi ya shiga Quiristers a cikin Winchester College Chapel Choir . Kafin ya cika shekaru goma, daya daga cikin 'yan uwansa ya sha wahala kuma mahaifiyarsa ta kusan mutu a hatsarin mota wanda ya bar ta da rauni.<ref name="karp" /> Daga nan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Winchester da New College, Oxford . == Ayyuka == Littattafansa biyu na farko, The Aerodynamics of Pork and Ease, an buga su a wannan rana a shekarar 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gale, Patrick 1962- [WorldCat.org] |url=http://www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/lccn-n86-19282 |access-date=19 June 2018 |website=worldcat.org}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017 ya fara rubuce- rubucen fim tare da Man in an Orange Shirt, wasan kwaikwayo na asali na kashi biyu wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na lokacin Gay Britannia na BBC. Nunin ya lashe kyautar Emmy ta Duniya ta 2018 don Mafi kyawun Miniseries . Littafinsa na 2000 Rough Music shine gwagwalada mafi yawan littattafansa a cikin ɗakunan karatu: a cikin 2018 mallakar ɗakunan karatu 673 ne, a cewar WorldCat . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Results for 'Patrick Gale' > 'Patrick Gale' [WorldCat.org] |url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Patrick+Gale&dblist=638&fq=(((x0:book-)OR(x0:book+x4:digital)OR(x0:book+x4:mic)OR(x0:book+x4:thsis)OR(x0:book+x4:largeprint)))+%3E+ap:%22gale,+patrick%22&qt=facet_ap: |access-date=19 June 2018 |website=worldcat.org}}</ref> Da yake bayyana kansa a matsayin "marubucin littafi na ƙarshe a Ingila", ya zauna a Cornwall tun 1988, wani yanki da aka bayyana akai-akai a cikin litattafansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cornwall novelist Patrick Gale - ABC (none) - Australian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/09/04/3582847.htm |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref> Har zuwa Satumba 2024, ya kasance darektan zane-zane na Bikin Littafin Arewacin Cornwall, wanda ya taimaka wajen ganowa. Shi ne mai kula da Charles Causley Trust, Penzance LitFest, da Ayyukan wallafe- wallafen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=The Launch of Mother's Boy: the new novel by Sunday Times bestselling novelist and Charles Causley Patron, Patrick Gale. |url=https://causleytrust.org/the-launch-of-mothers-boy-the-new-novel-by-british-novelist-and-charles-causley-patron-patrick-gale/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=The Charles Causley Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our patron – Patrick Gale |url=https://www.pzlitfest.co.uk/our-patron-patrick-gale |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=www.pzlitfest.co.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gale |url=https://literatureworks.org.uk/writer/gale/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Literature Works |language=en-GB}}</ref> An zabi Gale a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title=Gale, Patrick |url=https://rsliterature.org/fellows/patrick-gale/,%20https://rsliterature.org/fellows/patrick-gale/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=Royal Society of Literature |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Gale yana zaune a gona kusa da Land's End, tare da mijinta, masanin zane-zane Aidan Hicks . A can suna kiwon shanu da shuka sha'ir.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrick Gale » About Patrick |url=https://galewarning.org/about-patrick}}</ref> Shi mai kula da lambu ne kuma a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024 an nuna lambunsa a Land's End a BBC's Gardeners' World . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gardeners' World - 2024: Episode 5 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001y5pf |via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> == Littattafai da gajerun labaru ==   == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] ppxwvwtkl7h1k459fgv4x4dhcfu9mi5 0 160397 889098 882306 2026-07-29T17:24:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Neils Walwin Holm from Accra.jpg | caption = Holm, {{circa}} 1900 | birth_date = {{Birth year|1866}} | birth_place = Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) | death_date = {{Death year and age|1927|1866}} | occupation = {{hlist|Photographer|barrister}} | years_active = c. 1885–1910 | organization = Royal Photographic Society (member, 1895; fellow, 1896) | known_for = {{hlist|Pioneer photography in Lagos Colony|introduction of dry-plate photography in Lagos}} | spouse = Unknown ({{abbr|m.|married}} 1890; {{abbr|d.|died}} 1892) }} '''Neils Walwin Holm''' (1866-1927?) ya kasance mai daukar hoto na Afirka ta Yamma wanda daga baya ya sake horar da shi a matsayin lauya.<ref name="Gbadegesin">{{Cite journal |last=Olubukola A. Gbadegesin |year=2014 |title='Photographer Unknown': Neils Walwin Holm and the (Ir)retrievable Lives of African Photographers |journal=History of Photography |volume=38 |issue=1}}</ref> An kira shi "mafi kyawun mai daukar hoto na [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Afirka ta Yamma, daga shekarun 1890 har zuwa 1910".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Charles Gore |year=2013 |title=Neils Walwin Holm: Radicalising the Image in Lagos Colony, West Africa |journal=History of Photography |volume=37 |issue=3}}</ref><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  == Tarihin rayuwa == [[Fayil:Neils_Walwin_Holm_from_Accra.jpg|thumb|Hoton rukuni na waje na 'yan Afirka, tare da mutum daya a tsakiya yana zaune a kan kujera]] An haifi Holm a [[Gold Coast (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]] . <ref name="Gbadegesin"/> Ya bar makaranta a shekara ta 1883 kuma ya koya wa 'yan uwansa, wadanda suka kasance masu daukar hoto. Ya bar su a shekara ta 1885, wani dan kasuwa na Jamus ne ya ba shi izini wanda ya shigo da kayan daukar hoto don amfani da shi. Tare da aikinsa ya sami nasarar siyan kayan aikin, kuma ya koma Legas Colony a 1886.<ref name="IntersectingArchives">{{Cite journal |last=Charles Gore |date=Autumn 2015 |title=Intersecting Archives: Intertextuality and the West African Photographer |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20443/1/Gore_Intersecting%20Archives.pdf |journal=African Arts |volume=48 |issue=3 |access-date=2026-06-30 |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209114529/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20443/1/Gore_Intersecting%20Archives.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Graham-Stewart |first=Michael |last2=McWhannell |first2=Francis |date=April 2020 |title=Broad Sunlight: Early West African Photography |url=https://michaelgrahamstewart.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/BROADSUNLIGHT_vEXCERPT.pdf |website=MGS |page=87-93 |isbn=978-1-5272-5150-2}}</ref> A can, ya gina kasuwancin daukar hoto mai nasara, yana samun kwamitocin farko daga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka. An ce shi ne mai daukar hoto na farko a Legas Colony don gabatar da farantin bushe, ta amfani da farantin da aka ƙera a Ilford a Ingila. Ya yi aure a shekara ta 1890, kodayake matarsa ta mutu a shekara ta 1872.<ref name="IntersectingArchives"/> A watan Yulin 1893, Holm ya yi tafiya zuwa Burtaniya a karo na farko, ya ziyarci baje kolin Pall Mall ta Photographic Society of Great Britain. Lokacin da ya dawo Legas, ya tallata kansa a matsayin wakilin Afirka ta Yamma na masana'antun Burtaniya. Ya ci gaba da haɗin transatlantic ta amfani da adireshin kebul na telegraphic da tallace-tallace a cikin mujallar Burtaniya Practical Photographer . A shekara ta 1895, an zabe shi memba na Royal Photographic Society, kuma a shekara ta 1896 ya zama Fellow.<ref name="IntersectingArchives"/> A shekara ta 1900, ya koma London don halartar Taron Pan-Afirka na farko, tare da wani ziyarar zuwa London a shekara ta 1903. <ref name="IntersectingArchives"/> A shekara ta 1910, ya daina daukar hoto, kuma daga 1910 zuwa 1917 ya horar da shi a Haikali na Tsakiya a matsayin lauya ga kotunan Legas.<ref name="IntersectingArchives" /> == Dubi kuma == * Francis W. Joaque * John Parkes Decker * Masu daukar hoto na Lutterodt * [[JA Green (mai daukar hoto)|J. A. Green (mai daukar hoto)]] * Augustus Washington * Alphonso Lisk-Carew * Alex Agbaglo Acolatse == Manazarta = jf7cpki6owzxi1hh8f25mv7of05l5jt 0 160403 889292 872743 2026-07-30T07:49:11Z BnHamid 12586 889292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''H7N4''' wani nau'i ne na nau'in Influenza A. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mehta K, Goneau LW, Wong J, L'Huillier AG, Gubbay JB |date=1 August 2018 |title=Zoonotic Influenza and Human Health-Part 2: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies |journal=Curr Infect Dis Rep |volume=20 |issue=10 |page=38 |doi=10.1007/s11908-018-0643-8 |pmc=7102074 |pmid=30069787}}</ref> Wani nau'in cututtukan da ke haifar da shi ya haifar da karamin barkewar [[Influenza|mura]] a 1997 a New South Wales, Australia a cikin [[kaza]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO - Avian influenza A(H5N1)- update 31: Situation (poultry) in Asia: need for a long-term response, comparison with previous outbreaks |url=https://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_03_02/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040307050726/http://www.who.int/csr/don/2004_03_02/en/ |archive-date=March 7, 2004 |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=WHO}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2018, Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Hong Kong ta sanar da Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Kasa da Shirye-shiryen Iyali ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, cewa wata mace mai shekaru 68 da ke zaune a Changzhou na Lardin Jiangsu ta kamu da alamun a ranar [[Kirsimeti]] ta 2017. A cewar NHFPC, an kwantar da ita a asibiti don magani a ranar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2018, kuma an sallame ta a ranar 22 ga Janairu. Ta yi hulɗa da kaji mai rai kafin farkon alamun. Babu wanda ta yi kusanci da shi da alamun bayyanar cututtuka a lokacin sa ido na likita.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHP notified of human case of avian influenza A (H7N4) in Mainland |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201802/14/P2018021400759.htm?fontSize=1 |access-date=10 December 2018 |website=www.info.gov.hk}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2tosf5zxsunoy9w3fftyx7q7o95l6f9 0 160408 889215 879721 2026-07-30T01:45:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Olanipekun Olukoyede | nickname = | image = | image_size = | caption = | office1 = [[Chairman of the EFCC]] | president1 = [[Bola Tinubu]] | term_start1 = 12 October 2023 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Abdulrasheed Bawa]] | successor1 = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|10|14|df=y}} | birth_place = Ikere, [[Western State (Nigeria)|Western State]], [[Nigeria]] | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Harvard University]] * [[Lagos State University]] * [[University of Lagos]] }} | occupation = Civil servant }} '''Olanipekun Olukoyede''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1969) wanda aka fi sani da Ola shi ne Shugaban [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|Hukumar Kula da Laifukan Tattalin Arziki da Kudi]] (EFCC). Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ne ya nada shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=Ola Olukoyede: Who be the RCCG Pastor wey Tinubu appoint new head of EFCC |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cnk3wxeq7peo |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu Appoints Ola Olukoyede As EFCC Chair |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/10/12/breaking-tinubu-appoints-ola-olukoyede-as-efcc-chair/amp/ |access-date=October 15, 2023 |website=BusinessDayNG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Adeola |first=Ridwan |date=2023-10-12 |title=Breaking: After Bawa's ouster, Tinubu appoints new EFCC chairman |url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1558231-breaking-tinubu-appoints-efcc-chairman-secretary-details-emerge/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Angbulu |first=Stephen |date=2023-10-12 |title=Tinubu appoints Olukoyede as EFCC Chairman |url=https://punchng.com/just-in-tinubu-appoints-olukoyede-as-efcc-chairman/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ilimi da rayuwar farko == An haifi Olanipekun a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1969, a [[Ikere|Ikere-Ekiti]] . Ya yi aiki a matsayin fasto a Birnin Mafarki, Lardin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] 12, Shasha, [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], na Ikilisiyar Kirista ta Allah.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Wahab |first=Bayo |date=2023-10-12 |title=10 things to know about Ola Olukoyede, the new EFCC Chairman |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/10-things-to-know-about-ola-olukoyede-the-new-efcc-chairman/l621dem |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en |newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref>Ola ta halarci [[Jami'ar Harvard]] don Makarantar Ilimi ta Zartarwa ta Kennedy, da [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]], [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. Cibiyar Arbitration a cikin [[Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci Ta Duniya|Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Duniya (ICC)]] a Paris, Faransa, da Cibiyar Arbitrage a Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel |date=2023-10-12 |title=Ola Olukoyede's Biography: All You Need To Know About New EFCC Chairman |url=https://www.herald.ng/ola-olukoyedes-biography-all-you-need-to-know-about-new-efcc-chairman/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=The Herald |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015075239/https://www.herald.ng/ola-olukoyedes-biography-all-you-need-to-know-about-new-efcc-chairman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kafin shigar Olanipekun da nadin shi a matsayin Shugaban zartarwa na EFCC, ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a kamfanin lauya mallakar tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban [[Najeriya]], [[Yemi Osinbajo]] .<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Balogun |first=Folake |date=2023-10-12 |title=Tinubu appoints Olanipekun Olukoyede as new EFCC chairman |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/tinubu-appoints-olanipekun-olukoyede-as-new-efcc-chairman/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}</ref>Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikata ga Shugaban zartarwa (2016-2018) da Sakataren Hukumar (2018-2021).........<ref>{{Cite news |last=Usigbe |first=Leon |date=2023-10-12 |title=Tinubu appoints Ola Olukoyede as new EFCC Chairman |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/tinubu-appoints-ola-olukayode-as-new-efcc-chairman/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref>An zabi shi a matsayin Sakatare na EFCC a shekarar 2018 daga Shugaban Najeriya na lokacin, [[Muhammadu Buhari]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-10 |title=PAST AND PRESENT NIGERIAN PRESIDENTS – Embassy of Nigeria Sweden |url=https://nigerianembassy.se/past-and-present-nigerian-presidents/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> Mai magana da yawun shugaban kasa, Ajuri Ngelale, a lokacin sanarwar nadin Olukoyede na tsawon shekaru hudu ya bayyana kamar haka: "Olukoyede yana da shekaru 22 na ba da shawara kan bin ka'idoji, gudanar da zamba, da ƙwarewar leken asiri na kasuwanci. " <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Balogun |first=Folake |date=2023-10-12 |title=Tinubu appoints Olanipekun Olukoyede as new EFCC chairman |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/tinubu-appoints-olanipekun-olukoyede-as-new-efcc-chairman/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]}}</ref> Olukoyede memba ne na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Cin Hanci, Ƙasar Ingila <ref name=":0" /> da Kwamitin Fasaha na Gwamnatin Tarayya kan Maido da Sashin Leken Asiri na Najeriya.."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Erezi |first=Dennis |date=2023-10-12 |title=Tinubu appoints Olukoyede new EFCC chairman |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/tinubu-appoints-olukoyede-new-efcc-chairman/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |archive-date=2023-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015075238/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/tinubu-appoints-olukoyede-new-efcc-chairman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bq8bz302x6etu3z56trcodcuxfa3ame 0 160529 889238 873183 2026-07-30T05:13:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889238 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}} [[Fayil:Ouissem_Belgacem_-_Mars_2022_-_03.jpg|alt=Ouissem is sitting on a chair on stage and speaking into a microphone; behind him is the poster of the event "Rencontres de l'Égalité"; He is wearing a black t-shirt and blue jeans|thumb|Ouissem Belgacem a lokacin da aka yi wa LGBTphobia maraice, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rencontres de l'Égalité 2022]] '''Ouissem Belgacem''' (Arabic; an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1988) tsohon dan wasan Faransa ne kuma marubuci ne na asalin Tunisiya. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Toulouse FC daga shekara 13 zuwa 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The story of Ouissem Belgacem |url=https://www.theredcard.eu/news/the-story-of-ouissem-belgacem/ |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=The Red Card |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801113153/https://www.theredcard.eu/news/the-story-of-ouissem-belgacem/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya wallafa littafin kansa na farko, Adieu ma honte, a cikin shekarar 2021. Belgacem sau da yawa yana wayar da kan jama'a game da homophobia a fagen [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], wanda dole ne ya bar shi don ya rayu da jima'i kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ouissem Belgacem on growing up gay in French football, turning shame into Pride, and fighting homophobia |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/story-telling/11095/12337686/ouissem-belgacem-on-growing-up-gay-in-french-football-turning-shame-into-pride-and-fighting-homophobia |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Belgacem a shekara ta 1988 a unguwar Aix-en-Provence a Faransa. A cikin iyalinsa na asalin [[Tunisiya|Tunisian]], shi ne ƙarami, tare da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu. Kwallon ƙafa ya yaudare shi kuma ya fara wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida a kungiyoyi na gida kafin cibiyar horar da Toulouse FC (TFC) ta hango shi yana da shekaru 13. Tun lokacin da Belgacem ya shiga TFC, ya yi aiki don zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa yayin da yake ɓoye ɗan luwaɗi yayin da ya fahimci cewa filin ba zai yarda da shi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ouissem Belgacem : pour que la honte change de camp |url=https://www.haute-garonne.fr/actualite/ouissem-belgacem |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Haute-Garonne |language=fr}}</ref> Ya kuma ji wannan homophobia lokacin da ya taka leda a tawagar kasar Tunisia don gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]] ta shekarar 2004 da wasu kungiyoyi a Amurka:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Belgian FA |url=https://www.rbfa.be/en/news/taboo-around-homosexuality-world-football |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=www.rbfa.be}}</ref><blockquote>Kowace rana, zan bar ɗakina, in saka abin rufe fuska, kuma in yi aiki a matsayin mutum madaidaici. Yana da gajiyar yin wannan kowace rana. - Ouissem Belgacem <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ouissem Belgacem : pour que la honte change de camp |url=https://www.haute-garonne.fr/actualite/ouissem-belgacem |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Haute-Garonne |language=fr}}</ref></blockquote>Saboda haka, ya girma yana jin kunya kuma yana tabbatar da ɓoye luwadi wanda ya sa ya yi baƙin ciki kuma ya tura shi ya bar mafarkinsa na zama ɗan wasa mai sana'a.<ref name=":0"/> == Ayyukansa bayan kwallon kafa == Daga nan sai Belgacem ya koma [[Landan]] inda bai ji kunya game da jima'i ba.<ref name=":0"/> Yanzu a bayyane yake ɗan luwaɗi, ya buga tarihin kansa, Adieu ma honte, a cikin 2021 don tayar da tattaunawa game da homophobia a fagen wasanni. A cikin wannan littafi na farko, Belgacem ya bayyana wahalar karɓar luwadi yayin da yake zaune a cikin unguwar ma'aikata, yana girma a cikin iyalin [[Musulmi]], da kuma ci gaba a fagen kwallon kafa.<ref name="ladepeche.fr">{{Cite web |title=Toulouse : six mois après son coming out, l'ancien espoir Ouissem Belgacem au TFC pour sensibiliser contre l'homophobie |url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/2021/11/04/toulouse-six-mois-apres-son-coming-out-lancien-espoir-ouissem-belgacem-au-tfc-pour-sensibiliser-contre-lhomophobie-9909073.php |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=ladepeche.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Ya ba da tsoma baki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru game da homophobia a kwallon kafa tun lokacin da aka saki littafinsa; gami da abubuwan da suka shafi 'yan wasan TFC, 'yan wasan Amiens SC, da membobin kulob din daidaito a Lycée intercommunal Darius-Milhaud a Kremlin-Bicêtre.<ref name="ladepeche.fr" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2021 |title=Homosexualité dans le football : à Amiens, l'ancien joueur Ouissem Belgacem prône la tolérance auprès des jeunes |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/hauts-de-france/somme/amiens/homosexualite-dans-le-football-a-amiens-l-ancien-joueur-ouissem-belgacem-prone-la-tolerance-aupres-des-jeunes-2313067.html |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=France 3 Hauts-de-France |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=à 18h16 |first=Par Gérald Moruzzi Le 19 avril 2022 |date=2022-04-19 |title=Homophobie, sexisme, cyberharcèlement... Au Kremlin-Bicêtre, des lycéens ouvrent "un espace de parole libre" |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/val-de-marne-94/homophobie-sexisme-cyberharcelement-au-kremlin-bicetre-des-lyceens-ouvrent-un-espace-de-parole-libre-19-04-2022-TZ3HREBG6VFSPKZZ3Y45VE6KTA.php |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Belgacem kuma shine mai mallakar gwagwalada kamfanin OnTrack Sport wanda ke tallafawa manyan 'yan wasa a cikin gudanar da ayyukansu bayan aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-19 |title=Chronique. " Adieu ma honte " : un livre pour guérir les hommes de leur surplus de virilité |url=http://www.paris-normandie.fr/id194090/article/2021-05-19/chronique-adieu-ma-honte-un-livre-pour-guerir-les-hommes-de-leur-surplus-de |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Paris-Normandie |language=fr}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar tarihin rayuwa, a Prix du roman gay 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L. Bigorra, Ouissem Belgacem, Guillaume Cizeron et Mohamed Mbougar Sarr récompensés par les prix du roman gay 2021 |url=https://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/l-bigorra-ouissem-belgacem-guillaume-cizeron-et-mohamed-mbougar-sarr-recompenses-par-les |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=Livres Hebdo |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * Ouissem Belgacem da [[Eléonore Gurrey]], Adieu ma honte, Paris, Fayard, 2021. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] 1vu29045zs02rnqbv6iul3hb9m20pfq 0 160775 889063 888853 2026-07-29T16:17:23Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Thiago Pitarch Pinar<ref name="U20WC">{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce243/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA U-20 World Cup Chile 2025™ Squad List: Spain (ESP) |publisher=[[FIFA]] |page=22 |date=27 September 2025}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Agustan shekarar 2007) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar La Liga ta Real Madrid. ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifi Thiago Pitarch Pinar a Fuenlabrada, Spain kuma ya sami ƙasa biyu ta Sipaniya da Maroko saboda kakansa asalinsa ɗan asalin Al Hoceima ne.<ref name=":1"> {{Cite web |last=Pacheco|first=Jorge|title=Quién es Thiago Pitarch, la joya de la cantera del Real Madrid que marcó un gol en su debut con Xabi Alonso|trans-title= Who is Thiago Pitarch, the jewel of the Real Madrid youth academy who scored a goal on his debut under Xabi Alonso|url=https://www.elespanol.com/deportes/futbol/20250805/thiago-pitarch-joya-cantera-real-madrid-marco-gol-debut-xabi-alonso/1003743875167_0.html| language=es |date=9 August 2025 | access-date=9 August 2025 |website=El Español}}</ref> ==Fagen Ƙwallo== ===Matashi=== Pitarch ya fara wasansa na matasa a makarantar [[Atlético Madrid]], inda ya buga wasa na tsawon shekaru biyar. A shekarar 2018, ya koma makarantar [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] kuma ya zauna a can har zuwa 2022. Bayan haka, ya koma Leganés na kakar wasa ɗaya. A shekarar 2023, ya koma [[Real Madrid]].<ref name=":0"> {{Cite web |last=S. Tavero|first=Fernando |title=La sensación es Thiago Pitarch|trans-title=The sensation is Thiago Pitarch |url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/la-sensacion-es-thiago-pitarch-n/|language=es |date=8 August 2025 |access-date=9 August 2025 |website=Diario AS |archive-date=9 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809202551/https://as.com/futbol/primera/la-sensacion-es-thiago-pitarch-n/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> A Real Madrid, Pitarch ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar Juvenil C kafin ya koma Juvenil B kafin kakar wasa ta 2024-25. A watan Janairun 2025, koci Álvaro Arbeloa ya ɗaukaka shi zuwa Juvenil A, inda Pitarch ya zama ɗan wasa na farko.<ref name=":2"> {{Cite web |last=Tamaral|first=Silvia|title=El Madrid se frota las manos con Thiago Pitarch|trans-title= Madrid rubs its hands with Thiago Pitarch|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/real-madrid/2025/07/30/madrid-frota-manos-thiago-pitarch.html| language=es |date=30 July 2025 | access-date=9 August 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Yulin 2025, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa ƙungiyar ajiyarsu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Leveridge |first=Sam |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samleveridge/2025/08/20/who-is-real-madrid-prodigy-thiago-pitarch/ |title=Who Is Real Madrid Prodigy Thiago Pitarch? |publisher=Forbes |date=20 August 2025 }}</ref> A watan Agustan 2025, ya tsawaita kwangilarsa da ƙungiyar har zuwa 2030.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/official-real-madrid-academy-gem-123000794.html |title=Official: Real Madrid academy gem signs new contract with club |publisher=Yahoo! Sports |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> ===Nasarar farko a ƙungiyar=== A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 2026, Pitarch ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa a matakin farko a lokacin da aka dakatar da wasan da suka doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/liveblog/2026/2/17/live-benfica-vs-real-madrid-champions-league-playoff |title=Benfica vs Real Madrid 0-1: Champions League playoff – as it happened |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=17 February 2026 }}</ref> ==Aikin ƙasashen duniya== An haife shi a Spain, Pitarch ɗan asalin ƙasar [[Morocco]] ne ta wurin kakansa kuma yana da damar bugawa tawagar ƙasar [[Spain]] da [[Morocco]] wasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/deportes/futbol/20250805/thiago-pitarch-joya-cantera-real-madrid-marco-gol-debut-xabi-alonso/1003743875167_0.html|title=Quién es Thiago Pitarch, la joya de la cantera del Real Madrid que marcó un gol en su debut con Xabi Alonso|first=Jorge|last=Pacheco|date=9 August 2025|website=El Español}}</ref> Ya buga wa [[Spain]] wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estos son los 21 futbolistas que defenderán a España en el Mundial Sub-20 de Chile|lang=es|trans-title=These are the 21 players who will defend Spain in the Under-20 World Cup in Chile|url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/estos-son-los-21-futbolistas-que-defenderan-espana-en-el-mundial-de-chile|website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation]]|date=17 September 2025}}</ref> ==Salon wasansa== Pitarch ɗan wasan tsakiya ne. Yana iya buga ƙwallon da kyau, ya shiga cikin gidan mai tsaron raga don ya zura kwallaye, kuma yana iya rarraba ƙwallo daga aka tsakkiyar fili.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> ==Ƙididdigar aiki== {{updated|match played 23 May 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[Real Madrid C]] |[[2025–26 Segunda Federación|2025–26]] |[[Segunda Federación]] |2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||0 |- |[[Real Madrid Castilla]] |[[2025–26 Primera Federación|2025–26]] |[[Primera Federación]] |14||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||14||0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |[[2025–26 Real Madrid CF season|2025–26]] |[[La Liga]] |10||0||0||0||6{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||0||0||0||16||0 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !26!!0!!0!!0!!6!!0!!0!!0!!32!!0 |} ==Lambar yabo== '''Spain ƴan ƙasa da shekaru 19''' * [[UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]: [[2026 UEFA European Under-19 Championship|2026]]<ref>{{cite web|title=2026 Under-19 EURO final report: Spain overcome Germany to seal tenth title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/02a7-2114bbaa1133-7d48cf3671c0-1000--2026-under-19-euro-final-report-spain-overcome-germany-to-s/ |website=[[UEFA]] |language=en |date=11 July 2026|access-date=11 July 2026}}</ref> '''Individual''' *UEFA European Under-19 Championship Team of the Tournament: [[2026 UEFA European Under-19 Championship|2026]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/02a7-2118704726c7-538ae5e6641e-1000--2026-under-19-euro-team-of-the-tournament/|title=2026 Under-19 EURO Team of the Tournament|website=UEFA|date=13 July 2026|access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> ==Bayanan Kula== {{Notelist}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje== *[https://www.realmadrid.com/es-ES/futbol/cantera-masculina/juvenil-b/thiago-pitarch-pinar Thiago Pitarch] at the Real Madrid CF website {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitarch, Thiago}} [[Category:Haifaffun 2007]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] sb8y56w38v9ujskbx9vwtlc45etlmki 889064 889063 2026-07-29T16:17:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Thiago Pitarch Pinar<ref name="U20WC">{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce243/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA U-20 World Cup Chile 2025™ Squad List: Spain (ESP) |publisher=[[FIFA]] |page=22 |date=27 September 2025}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Agustan shekarar 2007) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar La Liga ta Real Madrid. ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifi Thiago Pitarch Pinar a Fuenlabrada, Spain kuma ya sami ƙasa biyu ta Sipaniya da Maroko saboda kakansa asalinsa ɗan asalin Al Hoceima ne.<ref name=":1"> {{Cite web |last=Pacheco|first=Jorge|title=Quién es Thiago Pitarch, la joya de la cantera del Real Madrid que marcó un gol en su debut con Xabi Alonso|trans-title= Who is Thiago Pitarch, the jewel of the Real Madrid youth academy who scored a goal on his debut under Xabi Alonso|url=https://www.elespanol.com/deportes/futbol/20250805/thiago-pitarch-joya-cantera-real-madrid-marco-gol-debut-xabi-alonso/1003743875167_0.html| language=es |date=9 August 2025 | access-date=9 August 2025 |website=El Español}}</ref> ==Fagen Ƙwallo== ===Matashi=== Pitarch ya kuma fara wasansa na matasa a makarantar [[Atlético Madrid]], inda ya buga wasa na tsawon shekaru biyar. A shekarar 2018, ya koma makarantar [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] kuma ya zauna a can har zuwa 2022. Bayan haka, ya koma Leganés na kakar wasa ɗaya. A shekarar 2023, ya koma [[Real Madrid]].<ref name=":0"> {{Cite web |last=S. Tavero|first=Fernando |title=La sensación es Thiago Pitarch|trans-title=The sensation is Thiago Pitarch |url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/la-sensacion-es-thiago-pitarch-n/|language=es |date=8 August 2025 |access-date=9 August 2025 |website=Diario AS |archive-date=9 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809202551/https://as.com/futbol/primera/la-sensacion-es-thiago-pitarch-n/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> A Real Madrid, Pitarch ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar Juvenil C kafin ya koma Juvenil B kafin kakar wasa ta 2024-25. A watan Janairun 2025, koci Álvaro Arbeloa ya ɗaukaka shi zuwa Juvenil A, inda Pitarch ya zama ɗan wasa na farko.<ref name=":2"> {{Cite web |last=Tamaral|first=Silvia|title=El Madrid se frota las manos con Thiago Pitarch|trans-title= Madrid rubs its hands with Thiago Pitarch|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/real-madrid/2025/07/30/madrid-frota-manos-thiago-pitarch.html| language=es |date=30 July 2025 | access-date=9 August 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Yulin 2025, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa ƙungiyar ajiyarsu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Leveridge |first=Sam |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samleveridge/2025/08/20/who-is-real-madrid-prodigy-thiago-pitarch/ |title=Who Is Real Madrid Prodigy Thiago Pitarch? |publisher=Forbes |date=20 August 2025 }}</ref> A watan Agustan 2025, ya tsawaita kwangilarsa da ƙungiyar har zuwa 2030.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/official-real-madrid-academy-gem-123000794.html |title=Official: Real Madrid academy gem signs new contract with club |publisher=Yahoo! Sports |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> ===Nasarar farko a ƙungiyar=== A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 2026, Pitarch ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa a matakin farko a lokacin da aka dakatar da wasan da suka doke Benfica da ci 1-0 a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/liveblog/2026/2/17/live-benfica-vs-real-madrid-champions-league-playoff |title=Benfica vs Real Madrid 0-1: Champions League playoff – as it happened |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=17 February 2026 }}</ref> ==Aikin ƙasashen duniya== An haife shi a Spain, Pitarch ɗan asalin ƙasar [[Morocco]] ne ta wurin kakansa kuma yana da damar bugawa tawagar ƙasar [[Spain]] da [[Morocco]] wasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/deportes/futbol/20250805/thiago-pitarch-joya-cantera-real-madrid-marco-gol-debut-xabi-alonso/1003743875167_0.html|title=Quién es Thiago Pitarch, la joya de la cantera del Real Madrid que marcó un gol en su debut con Xabi Alonso|first=Jorge|last=Pacheco|date=9 August 2025|website=El Español}}</ref> Ya buga wa [[Spain]] wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estos son los 21 futbolistas que defenderán a España en el Mundial Sub-20 de Chile|lang=es|trans-title=These are the 21 players who will defend Spain in the Under-20 World Cup in Chile|url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/estos-son-los-21-futbolistas-que-defenderan-espana-en-el-mundial-de-chile|website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation]]|date=17 September 2025}}</ref> ==Salon wasansa== Pitarch ɗan wasan tsakiya ne. Yana iya buga ƙwallon da kyau, ya shiga cikin gidan mai tsaron raga don ya zura kwallaye, kuma yana iya rarraba ƙwallo daga aka tsakkiyar fili.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> ==Ƙididdigar aiki== {{updated|match played 23 May 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[Real Madrid C]] |[[2025–26 Segunda Federación|2025–26]] |[[Segunda Federación]] |2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||0 |- |[[Real Madrid Castilla]] |[[2025–26 Primera Federación|2025–26]] |[[Primera Federación]] |14||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||14||0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |[[2025–26 Real Madrid CF season|2025–26]] |[[La Liga]] |10||0||0||0||6{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||0||0||0||16||0 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !26!!0!!0!!0!!6!!0!!0!!0!!32!!0 |} ==Lambar yabo== '''Spain ƴan ƙasa da shekaru 19''' * [[UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]: [[2026 UEFA European Under-19 Championship|2026]]<ref>{{cite web|title=2026 Under-19 EURO final report: Spain overcome Germany to seal tenth title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/02a7-2114bbaa1133-7d48cf3671c0-1000--2026-under-19-euro-final-report-spain-overcome-germany-to-s/ |website=[[UEFA]] |language=en |date=11 July 2026|access-date=11 July 2026}}</ref> '''Individual''' *UEFA European Under-19 Championship Team of the Tournament: [[2026 UEFA European Under-19 Championship|2026]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/02a7-2118704726c7-538ae5e6641e-1000--2026-under-19-euro-team-of-the-tournament/|title=2026 Under-19 EURO Team of the Tournament|website=UEFA|date=13 July 2026|access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> ==Bayanan Kula== {{Notelist}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje== *[https://www.realmadrid.com/es-ES/futbol/cantera-masculina/juvenil-b/thiago-pitarch-pinar Thiago Pitarch] at the Real Madrid CF website {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitarch, Thiago}} [[Category:Haifaffun 2007]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 1kw5846fhsokpidvvfyu7lehksruj3c 0 160861 888912 879381 2026-07-29T12:00:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Máté Bella''' (Hungarian: Bella Máté, {{IPA|hu|ˈmaːteː ˈbɛlːɒ|}}; born 28 November 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Bella, Máté Biography |url=https://www.umpemb.com/en-US/Composers/B/Bella-Mate.aspx |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Universal Music Publishing Editio Musica Budapest}}</ref> is a Hungarian composer and university professor at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Hungary.<ref name="Máté Bella">{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella |url=https://uni.lisztacademy.hu/teaching-staff/bella-mate-1458 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Zeneakademia.hu |language=en}}</ref> He has worked across multiple genres of music, including classical contemporary, [[opera]], choir, musicals, theater music and pop music.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Music Publishing Editio Musica Budapest (UMP EMB) |url=https://www.umpemb.com/en-US/Composers/B/Bella-Mate.aspx |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.umpemb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-29 |title=Máté Bella, Composer - Performances on Operabase |url=https://www.operabase.com/mate-bella-a104897/en |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Operabase |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Máté Bella a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1985 a [[Budapest]], Hungary . Bella ya fara karatunsa na kiɗa a makarantar firamare ta Ferenc Erkel don kiɗa . Daga baya ya halarci makarantar Weiner Leó Secondary Music School a [[Budapest]], inda ya kware a cikin abun da ke ciki da Piano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Music Publishing Editio Musica Budapest (UMP EMB) |url=https://www.umpemb.com/en-US/Composers/B/Bella-Mate.aspx |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=www.umpemb.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na kiɗa tsakanin 2002 da 2006 a Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Béla Bartók, inda ya mai da hankali kan abun da ke ciki a ƙarƙashin [[Jagora]] Miklós Kocsár . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella |url=https://lfze.hu/archivum/mate-bella-108465 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=lfze.hu |language=hu}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 2006, an shigar da shi a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Franz Liszt, inda ya kammala karatunsa na shekara ta 2011.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella – Biography |url=http://www.matebella.com/en/biography |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=www.matebella.com |archive-date=2022-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704155854/http://www.matebella.com/en/biography |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2013, ya yi semester a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Krzysztof Penderecki a Kraków a kan tallafin Erasmus . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella - Bio |url=https://matebella.com/en/bio-en/ |access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref> An ba Máté tallafin karatu don Sabon Shirin Kwarewar Kasa a cikin 2017, kuma a cikin 2018, ya sami digiri na ''summa cum laude'' . <ref name=":1" /> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2009, ya lashe gasar New Hungarian Music Forum, wanda Müpa Budapest da Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Budapest suka shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2009 |title=Hungarian New Music Forum 2009 Composers' Competition Final Gala Concert |url=https://www.mupa.hu/en/program/classical-music-opera-theatre/hungarian-new-music-forum-2009-composers-competition-final-gala-concert-2009-01-12_19-00-bbnh |publisher=mupa.hu}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan amincewar ƙungiyarsa Chuang Tzu's Dream ta Majalisar Kiɗa ta Duniya a [[Lisbon]] a cikin 2010. <ref name="irc">{{Cite web |title=IRC Results over the past years (1993–2014) |url=http://www.imc-cim.org/component/content/article/142-programmes/irc/198-irc-results-over-the-past-years.html |access-date=30 April 2019 |publisher=imc-cim.org |archive-date=20 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183706/http://www.imc-cim.org/component/content/article/142-programmes/irc/198-irc-results-over-the-past-years.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> London Sinfonietta ce ta yi wannan yanki. A wannan shekarar ya zama mawaki na farko da ya karbi lambar yabo ta Junior Prima, wanda ke girmama mutane a ƙarƙashin 30 don nasarori masu ban mamaki a fannoni daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2017 |title=Three Former SZTE Students Awarded the Junior Prima Prize |url=https://www.u-szeged.hu/news-and-events/2017/three-former-szte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=MTI |author-link=Magyar Távirati Iroda |title=Átadták a Junior Prima zeneművészeti díjakat |url=https://kulturpart.hu/2010/11/25/atadtak_a_junior_prima_zenemuveszeti_dijakat |publisher=Kultúrpart.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, daya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, wanda aka rubuta don wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hungary, ya lashe kyautar masu sukar gidan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="Máté Bella"/> Ya sami lambar yabo ta Erkel Ferenc a shekarar 2016 da kuma lambar yabo ta Bartók-Pásztory a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella: Classical music is closer to catharsis, popular music is closer to ecstasy |url=https://uni.lisztacademy.hu/news/mate-bella-classical-music-is-closer-to-catharsis-popular-music-is-closer-to-ecstasy-121047 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=uni.lisztacademy.hu |language=en}}</ref> Waƙarsa ''Mostantól'' (Daga Yanzu), wanda aka rubuta tare da Gergő Rácz, ya lashe gasar A Dal 2020, ya sami lambar yabo ta Petőfi Music Award for Song of the Year da kuma kyautar Fonogram na Hungary don Mafi kyawun Kundin Pop / Rock na zamani na Hungary ko Rubuce-rubuce na Shekara. <ref name="SoY2020">{{Cite web |date=7 March 2020 |title=Gergő Rácz and Reni Orsovai won the Dal 2020 |url=https://engnews24h.com/gergo-racz-and-reni-orsovai-won-the-dal-2020/ |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=engnews24h.com |archive-date=5 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260705111115/https://engnews24h.com/gergo-racz-and-reni-orsovai-won-the-dal-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Fonogram2020">{{Cite web |last=Zoltán Zsiray-Rummer |date=23 April 2020 |title=Bella Máté: A komolyzene a katarzishoz áll közelebb, a könnyűzene az eksztázishoz |url=https://lfze.hu/hirek/bella-mate-a-komolyzene-a-katarzishoz-all-kozelebb-a-konnyuzene-az-eksztazishoz-120845 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher= |language=Hungarian}}</ref> A shekara ta 2025, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Artisjus a cikin rukunin 'Aikin Kiɗa na Karshe na Shekara' don waƙarsa The Cheerleaders . Bella memba ne na Kwamitin Artisjus na Masu sukar Kiɗa na gargajiya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2019 |title=Komolyzenei SZVB tagjai |url=http://www.artisjus.hu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/szvb_komoly_aktualis.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426230240/http://www.artisjus.hu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/szvb_komoly_aktualis.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=artisjus.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Masu Rubuce-rubuce na Hungary, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella |url=http://www.hungaropus.hu/memberprofile.php?id=5653&lang=en |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=hungaropus.hu }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma sashen 'Musician / Composer' na Ƙungiyar Kwalejin Fim ta Hungary. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members |url=http://www.magyarfilmakademia.hu/en/members |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=magyarfilmakademia.hu}}</ref> Har ila yau, shi ne wanda ya kafa Studio 5, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta zamani da aka kafa a cikin 2016. <ref name=":0"/> Daga 2019 zuwa 2024, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban malami a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Franz Liszt kuma ya kasance Mataimakin farfesa tun 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Máté Bella {{!}} Gradus Artist |url=https://www.gradusartist.com/en/artists/bella-mate/ |access-date=17 April 2025 |website=Gradus Artist}}</ref> kuma ya ba da izini a 2025. == Babban ayyukan == === Waƙoƙin ɗakin === {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Mafarki na Butterfly'' |2005 |- |''Haɗarin Zuciya'' |2006 |- |''Tango na gwauraye da aka yaudare'' |2007 |- |''Saƙo, Saƙo 02'' |2007 |- |''Gabatarwa'' |2007 |- |''Rashin barci'' |2008 |- |''Rashin barci - sharhi'' |2008 |- |''Silk'' |2008 |- |''Asirin'' |2009 |- |''Wani abu ya faru...'' |2009 |- |''Bayyanawa'' |2010 |- |''... a cikin aljanna'' |2010 |- |''Al'ada'' |2010 |- |''Nazarin'' |2011 |- |''Ra'ayoyi'' |2012 |- |''Fantasma'' |2013 |- |''Varródermia'' |2018 |- |''Titan'' |2020 |- |''Tallafi'' |2020 |- |''Aeolus'' |2021 |- |''A ƙarƙashin Dare mai Taurari'' |2021 |- |''Daga Agnete'' |2021 |- |''Ɗaya daga cikin lokaci'' |2022 |- |''Yahuza'' |2022 |- |''Jirgin Sama'' |2024 |- |''White Chaconne'' |2024 |- |''Bayan Ruwan Sama'' |2025 |- |''Tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa'' |2025 |} {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Daidaitawa'' |2007 |- |''Mafarkin Chuang Tzu'' |2008 |- |''Tashin hankali'' |2013 |- |''Ra'ayoyi'' |2013 |- |''Rashin hanzari'' |2014 |- |''Laniakea'' |2015 |- |''Hesperus'' |2017 |- |''Masu gaisuwa'' |2024 |} === Ayyukan kiɗa === ==== Waƙoƙi don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Work ! width="20%" |Year |- |''The Night's Monologue'' |2011 |- |''Suite'' |2012 |- |''Sounds of Generation Y'' |2015 |- |''Tabula Smaragdina'' |2018 |- |''Sounds of Generation Y Part II'' |2018 |- |''Love of Hephaestus'' |2023 |- |''Celestial Pathways'' |2025 |} {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Bari mu bar'' |2014 |- |''Game da Lokaci'' |2023 |- |''Bayan ruwan sama (don ƙungiyar mawaƙa da piano) '' |2025 |- |''Ave Maria (don soprano da ƙungiyar mawaƙa) '' |2025 |} === Waƙoƙin murya === ==== Ayyukan mawaƙa ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Zaman Lafiya'' |2013 |- |''Gida da Dare'' |2014 |- |''Lacrimosa'' |2015 |- |''Waƙoƙi na Har abada'' |2020 |- |''Ya kasance daga cikin mutanen da ke zaune'' |2021 |- |''Waƙar bazara'' |2023 |- |''Ya mutu Irae'' |2024 |} {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #d4e6e5;" width="450px" |- style="background:#d4e6e5;" ! width="80%" |Ayyuka ! width="20%" |Shekara |- |''Farkawar bazara'' |2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bella: A tavasz ébredése / Solti: La Violetta |url=http://www.opera.hu/v/bella-a-tavasz-ebredese-solti-la-violetta/ |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=opera.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> |- |''Karramawa na Poppea''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Claudio Monteverdi – Máté Bella L'incoronazione di Poppea (The Coronation of Poppea) |url=http://www.opera.hu/musor/megtekint/poppea-megkoronazasa-2019/?lan=en |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=opera.hu }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />^{(''L'incoronazione di Poppea'')} |2019 |} ==== Waƙoƙi ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #f9edd0;" width="450px" |- style="background:#f9edd0;" ! width="50%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ! width="10%" |Farko |- |''Wanene F**k shine Lady Domina?'' |Kwalejin Wasan kwaikwayo da Fim, Budapest |2009 |- |''Fiye da Jima'i'' |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farfajiyar, London |2010 |- | rowspan="2" |''Kyanwa Aljanu'' |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Madách, Budapest |2010 |- |Budapest Operetta da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa |2018 |- |''<nowiki/>'yanci >>>>'' |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Erkel, Budapest |2023 |} ==== Waƙoƙi ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #f9edd0;" width="450px" |- style="background:#f9edd0;" ! width="50%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ! width="10%" |Farko |- |''Aria na 'yar Miller''<br />^{(''A molnárlány áriája'')} |Sandor Weöres |2008 |- |''Waƙar Gaggawa ta Botond''<br /><small> (''Botond vészdala'') </small> |Attila Havasi |2010 |- |''[shekara da yawa]'' |Orsolya Karafiáth |2012 |- |''Ga Ba a sani ba''<br /><small> (Mafin da ya fi dacewa) </small> |Sandor Weöres |2013 |- |''Ave Maria'' |Rubutun Liturgical |2024 |} ==== Waƙoƙin pop ==== {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #eabbc4;" width="450px" |- style="background:#eabbc4;" ! width="50%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Masu zane-zane ! width="10%" |Bugawa |- |''Dole ne in tashi''<br />^{(''Valami más'')} |Lilla Polyák<ref>{{YouTube|qCqkdPvwKsY|Lilla Polyák – Valami más}} a LillaPolyakVEVO YouTube channel – 25 July 2013</ref> |2013 |- |''Ba zai iya Ƙarewa ba'' |Wauta<ref>{{YouTube|RSwpiklXdL4|Fool Moon: It Can't Be Over – A Dal 2014 döntő}} ''A DAL Eurovíziós Dalfesztivál / Eurovision Hungary'' YouTube channel – 25 February 2014</ref> |2014 |- |''Bolondod Volta'' |Gergő Rácz, Ív <ref name="RaczYT">{{YouTube|qT8rOlFF7yU|Rácz Gergő x Ív – Bolondod voltam Sante Cruze Remix (Official Video)}} Rácz Gergő YouTube channel – 7 March 2017</ref> |2016 |- |''Emlékkép'' |Tibor Kocsis<ref name="KocsisYT">{{YouTube|DqSQFj1XT_0|KOCSIS TIBOR – Emlékkép}} ''GoldRecord Hungary'' YouTube channel – 14 November 2016</ref> |2016 |- |''Ka fashe lambar da na yi'' |Reni Tolvai |2017<ref>{{YouTube|EfqGkHyFtDU|Tolvai Reni – CRACK MY CODE (EUROVISION TOP30)}} a Tolvai Reni Official YouTube channel – 16 December 2017</ref> |- |''Everest'' |Reni Tolvai |2017<ref>{{YouTube|ZvYHDL75_es|Tolvai Reni – EVEREST}} a Tolvai Reni Official YouTube channel – 18 December 2017</ref> |- |''Mostantól''<br />^{(''From Now On'')} |Gergő Rácz,Reni Orsovai<br /> |2019<ref>{{YouTube|5jmJlN2A1Hw|Rácz Gergő x Orsovai Reni – Mostantól (A Dal 2020 győztes dala)}} Rácz Gergő YouTube channel – 18 November 2019</ref> |- |''Maradj'' |Lilla Polyák |2021 |- |''Tubisoda'' |Gergő Rácz |2025 |} {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: #f9edd0;" width="450px" |- style="background:#f9edd0;" ! width="50%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ! width="10%" |Farko |- |''Gwauraye''<br />^{(''Özvegyek'')} |Kwalejin Wasan kwaikwayo da Fim, Budapest |2007 |- |''Berzsian da Dideki''<br />^{(''Berzsián és Dideki'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, Budapest |2009 |- |''Ƙaunar da Ƙauna''<br />^{(''Ármány és Szerelem'')} |Müpa Budapest, Budapest |2009 |- |''Bikin Hungary''<br />^{(''Magyar Ünnep'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, Budapest |2010 |- |''Mephisto'' |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, Budapest |2013 |- |''Mutuwar Danton''<br />^{(''Danton halála'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Budapest |2013 |- |''Mugun Ruhu Lumpazivagabundus''<br />^{(''Lumpáciusz Vagabundusz'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Budapest |2014 |- |''Rashin Amfani da Ba shi da Amfani''<br />^{(''A képzelt beteg'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Budapest, Budapest |2016 |- |''Frau Holle''<br />^{(''Holle anyó'')} |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Budapest, Budapest |2017 |- | | | |} === Hotunan fina-finai === {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium; border-color: BlanchedAlmond;" width="450px" |- style="background:BlanchedAlmond;" ! width="55%" |Taken ! width="35%" |Kasar, Daraktan jinsi; Mai gabatarwa (s) {{Clear}}<small>Darakta; Mai gabatarwa</small> ! width="10%" |Ranar |- |''Indiyawan''<ref>{{YouTube|ArnvhzL5BZ0|INDIAN (Teljes film magyarul)(FULL MOVIE – Hungarian w. English Subt.)}} István P. Szabó YouTube channel – 22 April 2014</ref> |Fim din bala'i na Hungary <small>István P. Szabó; Placebo Stars, Sparks</small>{{Clear}} |2013 |- |''Kawai Ka Mutu''<br />^{(''Halj már meg!''<ref>{{YouTube|Mm_XdM1WxvI|Halj már meg! (16) hivatalos magyar előzetes}} Big Bang Media YouTube channel – 4 November 2016</ref>)} |Fim din Hungary <small>Zoltán Kamondi; FocusFox Studio, Honeymood Films</small>{{Clear}} |2016 |} == Bayanan da aka yi == {| class="sortable" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-width: medium;" width="95%" |- style="background:#eaeafa;" |+Kundin da aka tara ! width="25%" |Ayyuka ! width="35%" |Album ! width="10%" |Mai bugawa ! width="5%" |Shekara ! width="25%" |Sauran |- | colspan="2" |''Máté Bella: Jin ciki / Stimmungen'' |TON 4 Rubuce-rubuce |2005 | |- |''Saƙoƙi''{{Clear}}''Saƙo 02'' |''Matasan Hungary Masu Rubuce-rubuce don Cimbalom''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiatal magyar zeneszerzők cimbalomművei |url=https://info.bmc.hu/index.php?node=artists&table=CD&id=2088 |publisher=info.bmc.hu}}</ref> |Hungaroton |2009 |Beáta Móri |- |''Mafarkin Chuang Tzu'' |''Sabon Taron Kiɗa na Hungary 2009 Gasar mawaƙa''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2010 |title=UMZF 2009 zeneszerzőverseny – Promóciós CD |url=https://info.bmc.hu/hirek/59 |publisher=info.bmc.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> |BMC HMIC |2010 |CD 1 |- | colspan="2" |''Classics na zamani I: Halin'' |Erwin Pitsch Publishing / TON 4 Records |2012 | |- | colspan="2" |''Valami da yawa'' (daya) |Kiɗa na Sony |2013 |Lilla Polyák |- | colspan="2" |Ba za a iya wucewa ba (kislemez) <ref>{{YouTube|QJI1PRUIL8U|Fool Moon – It can't be over (dalszöveggel – lyric video)}} Zeneszöveg.hu YouTube channel – 22 February 2014</ref> |Buga Kiɗa na Schubert |2014 |Wauta |- |''Emlékkép''<ref name="KocsisYT">{{YouTube|DqSQFj1XT_0|KOCSIS TIBOR – Emlékkép}} ''GoldRecord Hungary'' YouTube channel – 14 November 2016</ref> |''3'' |GoldRecord Hungary |2016 |Tibor Kocsis |- | colspan="2" |''Bolondod Voltam (Sante Cruze Remix) (Feat. Ív) '' (ɗaya) <ref name="RaczYT">{{YouTube|qT8rOlFF7yU|Rácz Gergő x Ív – Bolondod voltam Sante Cruze Remix (Official Video)}} Rácz Gergő YouTube channel – 7 March 2017</ref> |Buga Kiɗa na Schubert |2016 |Gergő Rácz, Ív |- | colspan="2" |Kashe lambar ta (daya) |Magneoton |2018 |Reni Tolvai |- | colspan="2" |''Everest'' (daya) |Magneoton |2018 |Reni Tolvai |- |Sautin sauti | |Máté Bella |2026 |Cantemus Mixed Choir |} == Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka na gasa == * Kyautar Junior Prima (2010) * Kyautar Istvánffy Benedek (Mafin Chuang Tzu, 2010) * Mafi kyawun kiɗa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo - Kyautar Masu sukar gidan wasan kwaikwayo (Magyar Jug, 2011) * Kyautar Istvánffy Benedek (A ''Tavasz ébredése'', 2013) <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2011 |title=2010/2011 – Színikritikusok Díja |url=https://kritikusceh.wordpress.com/szinikritikusok-dija/20102011-2/ |access-date=30 April 2019 |publisher=kritikusceh.wordpress.com |language=Hungarian}}</ref> * Junior Classical Composer of the Year Artisjus Prize (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Bella Máté – Artisjus-díj |url=https://www.artisjus.hu/artisjus-dijak/bella-mate/ |publisher=artisjus.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> * Kyautar Ferenc Erkel (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Balog Zoltán állami művészeti díjakat és miniszteri szakmai díjakat adott át |url=http://www.kormany.hu/hu/emberi-eroforrasok-miniszteriuma/hirek/balog-zoltan-allami-muveszeti-es-miniszteri-szakmai-dijakat-adott-at-2016 |access-date=30 April 2019 |publisher=kormany.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> * Kyautar Béla Bartók-Ditta Pásztory (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bella Máté, Boldoczki Gábor és Konrád György az idei Bartók–Pásztory-díjasok |url=https://zeneakademia.hu/hirek/bella-mate-boldoczki-gabor-es-konrad-gyorgy-az-idei-bartokpasztory-dijasok-118492 |access-date=30 April 2019 |website=Zeneakademia.hu |language=Hungarian}}</ref> * Kyautar kiɗa ta Petőfi don Waƙar Shekara (''Mostantól'', 2020) <ref name="SoY2020"/> * Kyautar Kiɗa ta Hungary Kyautar Fonogram don Mafi kyawun Kundin Pop-rock na zamani na Hungary ko Rubuce-rubuce na Shekara (''Mostantól'', 2020) <ref name="Fonogram2020"/> * Kyautar Artisjus - Ayyukan Kiɗa na gargajiya na Shekara (The Cheerleaders, 2025) === Kyaututtukan gasa === * Kyauta ta 1 - Gasar Rubuce-rubucen Weiner Leó, Budapest (2002) * Kyauta ta 1 - Gasar Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta 6 (Farbotony), Kaniv, [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] (2003) * Kyauta ta 3 - Gasar Improvisation ta Kasa, Budapest (2003) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Gasar Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa, Budapest (2004) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Gasar Mawallafin Vántus István, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Hungary da Gidauniyar Vántus Estván, Szeged (2006) * Kyauta ta 3 - Gasar Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa, Budapest (2006) * Kyautar ta 1 - Liszt Academy Composer Competition, Budapest (2007) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Matasa na zamani na kiɗa, Budapest (2007) * Kyauta ta Musamman - 9th Zdarzenia Theatre and Art Festival, Tczew (2007) <ref>{{Cite web |title=IX edycja – Nagrodzone projekty |url=http://www.pomost.art.pl/category/zdarzenia/ix-edycja/laureaci-ix |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706065011/http://www.pomost.art.pl/category/zdarzenia/ix-edycja/laureaci-ix |archive-date=6 July 2010 |language=Polish}}</ref> * Kyauta ta Musamman - Matasa na zamani na kiɗa, Budapest (2008) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Wekerle mai shekaru ɗari, Wekerle Cultural Association, Budapest (2008) * Kyauta ta Musamman - Matasa na zamani na kiɗa, Budapest (2009) * Kyauta ta 1 - Liszt Academy Composer Competition, Budapest (2009) * Kyauta ta 1 a cikin Chamber Music - NHMF Composer Competition, Budapest (Chuang Tzu's Dream, 2009) * Kyauta ta uku, Gasar Kiɗa ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Madách, Budapest (Macskadémon / The Demon Cat, 2010) <ref>{{YouTube|93PvzwAArRQ|Madách TV – Macskadémon bemutató (2011. 02. 23.)}} Madách Színház YouTube channel – 24 February 2011</ref> * Kyautar raba ta 3 - Liszt Academy Composer Competition, Budapest (2010) * Kyauta ta 1 - Gasar Mawallafin Generace, Ostrava (2013) * Kyauta ta 1 a cikin Chamber Music - NHMF Composer Competition, Budapest (Trance, 2013) <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2013 |title=Máté Bella and Alessio Elia are the winners of the 2013 UMZF Composer Competition |url=https://zeneakademia.hu/news/mate-bella-and-alessio-elia-are-the-winners-of-the-2013-umzf-composition-competition-108609 |website=zeneakademia.hu}}</ref> * Kyauta ta 1 - Gasar Mawallafin Generace, Ostrava (2015) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] qj8w6grh2sjmacdv4yqla4vm48gqemo 0 160906 889304 877576 2026-07-30T08:10:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vignon Mathieu Patrick Ouotro''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2005), wanda aka fi sani da '''Patrick Ouotro''', ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Ivory Coast wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa Ligue 2 Nancy . Ouotro ya fara buga wa Ivory Coast Ligue 1 wasa tare da LYS Sassandra a kakar wasa ta 2022–23 . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-02-27 |title=Football : Ouotro Patrick, le garçon de 17 ans qui illumine la Ligue 1 – ami-sportif.com |url=https://www.ami-sportif.com/2023/02/27/football-ouotro-patrick-le-garcon-de-17-ans-qui-illumine-la-ligue-1/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 17, ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa zura kwallaye a raga da kwallaye tara, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=Meilleurs buteurs : Béranger Diby finit en tête |url=https://www.sport-ivoire.ci/football-ligue-1/meilleurs-buteurs-b%C3%A9ranger-diby-finit-en-t%C3%AAte |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Sport-ivoire.ci |language=fr}}</ref> kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "bayyanuwar" gasar. <ref name=":2" /> An zabe shi a matsayin Dan Wasan Wata a watan Nuwamba na 2022 kuma Matashin Dan Wasan Kakar a karshen kakar wasa. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-12 |title=Patrick Ouotro est strasbourgeois |url=https://www.sport-ivoire.ci/football-transferts/patrick-ouotro-est-strasbourgeois |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Sport-ivoire.ci |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Janairu 2024, Ouotro ya rattaba hannu a kulob din [[Ligue 1]] na Faransa Strasbourg har zuwa Yuni 2028, da farko ya shiga makarantar horar da 'yan wasan kungiyar . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Transferts : L'attaquant ivoirien Patrick Ouotro signe à Strasbourg jusqu'en juin 2028 |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/L-attaquant-ivoirien-patrick-ouotro-signe-a-strasbourg-jusqu-en-juin-2028/1441752 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-12 |title=Ligue 1. Racing : l’attaquant ivoirien Patrick Ouotro s’engage comme prévu jusqu’en 2028 |url=https://www.dna.fr/sport/2024/01/12/racing-l-attaquant-ivoirien-patrick-ouotro-s-engage-comme-prevu-jusqu-en-2028 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=www.dna.fr |language=FR-fr}}</ref> Bayan ya buga wa kulob din wasa, an kira shi don yin atisaye a karon farko a watan Maris na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-13 |title=Racing : grande première pour Patrick Ouotro (18 ans) avec les pros à l&rsquo;entraînement |url=https://www.alsasports.fr/football/rc-strasbourg/actualites/racing-le-jeune-patrick-ouotro-18-ans-avec-les-pros-a-lentrainement/66574/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Alsa'Sports |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2024, Ouotro ya fara buga wasa a Ligue 1 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka yi da Lyon . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2024 |title=Patrick Ouotro on loan to Martigues |url=https://www.rcstrasbourgalsace.fr/en/patrick-ouotro-on-loan-to-martigues/ |access-date=1 January 2025 |publisher=RC Strasbourg Alsace}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Agusta 2024, an ba shi aro ga kulob din Ligue 2 Martigues na kakar wasa ta 2024–25 . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Transferts : Patrick Ouotro quitte Strasbourg pour partir en prêt à Martigues |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Patrick-ouotro-quitte-strasbourg-pour-partir-en-pret-a-martigues/1501273 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-16 |title=Le RC Strasbourg s'apprête à rappeler Patrick Ouotro |url=https://www.sport-ivoire.ci/football-transferts/le-rc-strasbourg-sappr%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-rappeler-patrick-ouotro |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Sport-ivoire.ci |language=fr}}</ref> An dakatar da rancen a farkon Janairu 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Transfer News: RC Strasbourg Considering Terminating Patrick Ouotro's Loan - Foot Sur 7 |url=https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/football/2181316-transfer-news-rc-strasbourg-considering-terminating-patrick-ouotro-s-loan-foot-sur-7 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=www.footboom1.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101224121/https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/football/2181316-transfer-news-rc-strasbourg-considering-terminating-patrick-ouotro-s-loan-foot-sur-7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ali Abdallah est de retour à Strasbourg, Delpech est jugé au Mans |url=https://news.dayfr.com/article |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=news.dayfr.com}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2025, Ouotro ya koma Seraing a gasar Challenger Pro League ta biyu a Belgium. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2025 |title=Patrick Ouotro arrive en prêt du Racing Club de Strasbourg Alsace |trans-title=Patrick Ouotro arrives on loan from Racing Club de Strasbourg Alsace |url=https://www.rfc-seraing.be/patrick-ouotro-arrive-en-pret-du-racing-club-de-strasbourg-alsace/ |access-date=5 February 2025 |publisher=R.F.C. Seraing |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2025, ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar ƙungiyar Ligue 2 Nancy, wacce ta samu ci gaba, a kan kwangilar shekaru huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-05 |title=Patrick Ouotro est nancéien |url=https://www.asnl.net/58/actualites/actualites/fiche/30298 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.asnl.net |language=FR}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ouotro ya shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2022, inda ya zira kwallo daya a wasanni hudu yayin da [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{NFT player|89952}}</ref> A gasar Maurice Revello ta 2024, Ouotro ya jagoranci 'yan wasan Ivory Coast 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 zuwa matsayi na biyu, inda ya ba da kwallaye hudu ciki har da biyu a wasan karshe da Ukraine 'yan kasa da shekaru 23. Ya sami matsayi na MVP na karshe, dan wasa na uku mafi kyau a gasar, <ref name=":4"/> da kuma matsayi a cikin kungiyar gasar. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=L'équipe type du tournoi Maurice Revello 2024 |url=https://www.tournoimauricerevello.com/en/festival/detail_actualite.php?id=6115 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=www.festival-foot-espoirs.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|1 July 2025}}<ref name=":1" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | Strasbourg B | 2023–24 | Championnat National 3 | 10 | 2 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 10 | 2 |- | Strasbourg | 2023–24 | [[Ligue 1|Gasar Lig 1]] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | 1 | 0 |- | Lamuni ( Martigues ) | 2024–25 | Ligue 2 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 1 | colspan="2" | — | 15 | 1 |- | Lamuni (rance) | 2024–25 | Gasar Challenger Pro | 8 | 2 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 8 | 2 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 32 ! 4 ! 2 ! 1 ! 0 ! 0 ! 34 ! 5 |} == Daraja == '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 20 na ƙasar Ivory Coast''' * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar Maurice Revello : 2024 <ref name=":1">{{Soccerway|id=patrick-mathieu-vignon-ouotro/887546}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ɗan wasan wata na Ligue 1 (Ivory Coast) : Nuwamba 2022 <ref name=":2"/> * Matashin Ɗan Wasan Kakar Ligue 1 (Ivory Coast): 2022–23 <ref name=":3"/> * Gasar Maurice Revello: Ɗan wasa na uku mafi kyau: 2024 <ref name=":4"/> * Gasar Maurice Revello Ƙungiyar Gasar: 2024 <ref name=":0"/> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] 53pqwyk1e8geau0x10siprk0ya594g1 0 161264 889325 888709 2026-07-30T09:37:08Z A09 23573 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-41801-71|~2026-41801-71]] ([[User talk:~2026-41801-71|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:A09|A09]] 881095 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Spam <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> {{Infobox person | name = Usman Haruna | image = usman_haruna.jpg | caption = Usman Haruna (Communicator) | birth_name = | birth_place = Lafiagi, Karamar Hukumar Edu, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | education = Kwalejin Larabci da Nazarin Shari'ar Musulunci legal ta Jihar Kwara da ke Ilorin (CAILS), Ilorin<br>Jami'ar Bayero Kano | occupation = Ɗan jarida, marubucin | known_for = Aikin jarida na zamani da fafutukar al'umma<br>Editor In Chief - NupekoTV }} '''Usman Haruna''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Communicator''', ɗan jarida ne kuma marubucin fasaha daga Jihar Kwara, Najeriya. Ya fi mayar da hankali wajen rubuce rubuce kan fasaha, sadarwa, fasahar kuɗi da kuma harkokin jama'a. Haka kuma an san shi da fafutukar wayar da kai kan matsalolin tsaro a wasu sassan Jihar Kwara.<ref>{{cite web |title=Usman Haruna author profile |url=https://www.naijanews.com/author/usman-haruna |website=Naija News |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Haruna ya fito ne daga garin Lafiagi da ke Karamar Hukumar Edu a Jihar Kwara. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Larabci da Nazarin Shari'ar Musulunci legal ta Jihar Kwara da ke Ilorin (CAILS), Ilorin, sannan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Bayero Kano. == Aiki == Haruna ɗan jarida ne kuma marubucin fasaha wanda rubuce rubucensa suka fi mayar da hankali kan sadarwa, tsarin tantance ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar fasaha, fasahar kuɗi da fasahar zamani. Shi marubuci ne a Naija News inda yake wallafa labarai da maƙaloli kan fasaha da harkokin jama'a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Usman Haruna author profile |url=https://www.naijanews.com/author/usman-haruna |website=Naija News |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> An kuma tattara rubuce rubucensa a shafin Muck Rack.<ref>{{cite web |title=Author profile: communicator |url=https://muckrack.com/__communicator_/articles |website=Muck Rack |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> == Fafutukar al'umma == A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2026, Haruna ya shiga zanga zangar matasan Kwara ta Arewa da aka gudanar a Gidan Gwamnatin Jihar Kwara da ke Ilorin. Zanga zangar ta mayar da hankali ne kan matsalar rashin tsaro a yankunan Edu, Patigi da Kaiama, inda ake yawan samun satar mutane da kashe kashe.<ref>{{cite news |title=Insecurity: Youths demand end to incessant killings in Kwara |url=https://punchng.com/insecurity-youths-demand-end-to-incessant-killings-in-kwara/ |work=The Punch |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> Masu zanga zangar sun kuma nuna adawa da shirin mayar da sansanin horas da masu yi wa ƙasa hidima (NYSC) na Jihar Kwara zuwa sansanin 'yan gudun hijira.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara Insecurity: Residents Reject Conversion Of NYSC Camp To IDP Camp |url=https://www.legit.ng/nigeria/1699268-kwara-insecurity-residents-reject-conversion-nysc-camp-idp-camp-displaced-families/ |work=Legit.ng |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> Jaridu da dama a Najeriya sun ruwaito wannan zanga zanga.<ref>{{cite news |title=Security Crisis: Kwara North Youths Stage Peaceful Protest In Ilorin |url=https://leadership.ng/security-crisis-kwara-north-youths-stage-peaceful-protest-in-ilorin/ |work=Leadership |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara Residents Demand Decisive Action Against Bandits |url=https://dailytrust.com/kwara-residents-demand-decisive-action-against-bandits |work=Daily Trust |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara residents protest killings, kidnappings, accuse government of negligence |url=https://gazettengr.com/kwara-residents-protest-killings-kidnappings-accuse-abdulrazaqs-govt-of-negligence/ |work=Peoples Gazette |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara youths march to Government House over killings, kidnappings |url=https://saharareporters.com/2026/02/26/breaking-tib-movement-kwara-youths-march-govt-house-over-killings-kidnappings-five-lgas |work=Sahara Reporters |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kwara youths storm Govt House to protest kidnappings, killings |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2026/02/26/just-in-kwara-youths-storm-govt-house-protest-incessant-kidnappings-killings/ |work=Naija News |date=26 February 2026 |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> == Fitowa a kafafen yaɗa labarai == Haruna ya halarci shirye shirye a kafafen yaɗa labarai inda aka tattauna batutuwan shugabanci da rashin tsaro a Jihar Kwara. A shekarar 2026 ya kasance baƙo a The Informant247 TV, inda ya tattauna kan siyasa da matsalar tsaro a yankin Kwara ta Arewa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Communicator To Feature Live On TheInformant247 TV Today Over Politics, Insecurity In Kwara North |url=https://www.nupekotv.com/2026/06/communicator-to-feature-live-on.html |website=NupekoTV |access-date=19 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Nigerian]] [[Rukuni:Online person databases]] [[Rukuni:Living people]] [[Rukuni:Biography]] [[Rukuni:Bayero University Kano alumni]] [[Rukuni:Social Media Manager]] __NOEDITSECTION__ __INDEX__ 90kutz4ho1tgizruwh9f99ju76lwk6v 0 161306 889234 880816 2026-07-30T04:35:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Osama Al-Bawardi''' ( Arabic , an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Saudiyya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] ga Al-Riyadh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OSAMA AL-BAWARDI |url=http://www.alnassrfcsa.com/sa/roster/academy-team/108-nbsp-osama-al-bawadri}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=أسامة البواردي- Osama Al-Bawardi |url=https://www.kooora.com/?player=127825 |access-date=2026-07-11 |archive-date=2020-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018083051/https://www.kooora.com/?player=127825 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Al-Bawardi ya fara aikinsa a ƙungiyar matasa ta [[Al-Nassr]] a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=النصر يخطف موهبة من الهلال |url=http://www.sportksa.net/main/archives/53388}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Agusta, 2019, Al-Bawardi ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro da Al-Jabalain daga [[Al-Nassr]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=إدارة الجبلين توقع عقد إعارة اللاعب أسامة البواردي من نادي النصر |url=https://twitter.com/ALJABALAIN79/status/1165712166093279232}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2019, Al-Bowardi ya fuskanci bugun daga ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Al-Khaleej a wasan da aka buga tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu a gasar MS League . <ref>{{Cite web |title=البواردي يجري عملية جراحية |url=https://arriyadiyah.com/659319}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, Al-Bawardi ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro da Al-Diriyah daga [[Al-Nassr]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=البواردي ينظم لكتيبة العنابي |url=https://twitter.com/diraiyah/status/1315754494748233729}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta, 2021, Al-Bawardi ya koma Al-Sahel a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=وقعت إدارة #نادي_الساحل عقدًا احترافيًا مع اللاعب: أسامه البواردي |url=https://twitter.com/clubsahel/status/1425965724334448640}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2022, Al-Bawardi ya koma Ohod bayan karewar kwangilarsa da [[Al-Nassr]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ضمت إدارة النادي الظهير الأيمن الكابتن #أسامة_البواردي لصفوف #الجبل |url=https://twitter.com/OHOD1936/status/1548063656914472962}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Yuni 2023, Al-Bawardi ya shiga Al-Arabi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=اسامه البواردي؛ تحدي جديد مع #فارس_عنيزة |url=https://twitter.com/Al_ArabiSC/status/1665440683144953865}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yuli 2024, Al-Bawardi ya shiga Al-Najma . <ref>{{Cite web |title=هلا بأسامة بالانتماء المفضل |url=https://x.com/alnajmahfc/status/1814371432433959277}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Yuni 2025, Al-Bawardi ya shiga ƙungiyar Pro League ta Al-Riyadh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=النجـم "اسـامـة البـواردي" لاعبًا لـ #الرياض |url=https://x.com/AlRiyadhFC/status/1935062831499546779}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} s9qkm0is00vjbnktaw908iw4z1svx9f 0 161313 889055 882943 2026-07-29T16:14:13Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amiruddin Bagas Kaffa Arrizqi''' (an haife shi 16 Janairun shekarar 2002) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar [[Indonesiya]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] a ƙungiyar La Liga 2 Barito Putera . == Aikin kulob == === Barito Putera === Tun yana ƙarami, ya riga ya sami damar bugawa PS Barito Putera wasa. Bagas Kaffa ya amince da kwangila da Barito Putera a shekarar 2019. Har ma an tsawaita kwangilarsa har zuwa 2023. Ya ƙuduri aniyar samun matsayi a matsayin ɗan wasa na yau da kullun a ''Laskar Antasari'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagas Kaffa dan Sebuah Cerita Menarik dari Masa Kecil |url=https://m.bola.net/tim_nasional/bagas-kaffa-dan-sebuah-cerita-menarik-dari-masa-kecil-69017c.html |access-date=29 July 2020 |website=bola.net}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a ranar 6 ga Maris 2020 a matsayin fara wasa a wasan da suka yi da Bali United inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a matsayin ɗan baya na dama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagas Kaffa Ungkap Kesannya Setelah Debut Bersama Barito Putera di Liga 1 |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20200307/bagas-kaffa-ungkap-kesannya-usai-debut-bersama-barito-putera-di-liga-1 |access-date=29 July 2020 |website=Indosport}}</ref> An dakatar da wannan kakar wasa a ranar 27 ga Maris 2020 saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . An yi watsi da kakar wasa kuma an ayyana ta a matsayin ba ta da amfani a ranar 20 ga Janairu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barito Putera vs. Bali United - 6 March 2020 - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/03/06/indonesia/super-liga/barito-putra/persisam-putra-samarinda/3238845/ |access-date=29 July 2020 |website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2021, Bagas Kaffa ya taimaka wa Aleksandar Rakić a wasan da suka doke PSM Makassar da ci 0-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2021 |title=Hasil Liga 1: PSM Makassar vs Barito Putera 0-2 |url=https://bola.tempo.co/read/1510953/hasil-liga-1-psm-makassar-vs-barito-putera-0-2 |access-date=27 September 2021 |website=tempo.co |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, Bagas Kaffa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar ga Barito Putera a wasan da suka doke Persiraj Banda Aceh da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2021 |title=Bagas Kaffa Cetak Gol Perdana di Liga 1, Bagus Kahfi Tak Dipercaya Jong FC Utrecht Lagi |url=https://bolanas.bolasport.com/read/493004049/bagas-kaffa-cetak-gol-perdana-di-liga-1-bagus-kahfi-tak-dipercaya-jong-fc-utrecht-lagi?page=all |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=bolasport.com |language=id}}</ref> Kwarewar da Bagas Kaffa ya nuna ya sa ya shiga cikin 'yan wasa mafi kyau na 2021-22 a gasar La Liga 1. A duk tsawon kakar wasa, ya buga wasanni 32, ya zura kwallo 1 da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallo 4. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2022 |title=Ikrar Setia Bagas Kaffa bersama Barito Putera di Tengah Godaan Tim Lain |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2022/04/11/20400058/ikrar-setia-bagas-kaffa-bersama-barito-putera-di-tengah-godaan-tim-lain?page=all |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasa ta 2022-23, an yi ta rade-radin cewa Bagas Kaffa zai koma Persija Jakarta, amma daga baya ya ci gaba da zama a kungiyar. Duk da haka, ya zama dan wasan da ya fara bugawa a kungiyar Barito Putera a karkashin Rahmad Darmawan, kuma ya ga ci gaba a wasansa na kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=Bagas Kaffa Pilih Bertahan Di Barito Putra |url=https://m.mediaindonesia.com/sepak-bola/485360/bagas-kaffa-pilih-bertahan-di-barito-putra |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=Media Indonesia |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana ga ''Laskar Antasari'' a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2022, wani kokari na mintuna na karshe a wasan da suka yi da Persik Kediri don daidaita wasan da ci 2-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2022 |title=Momen Gol Dramatis Bagas Kaffa Lawan Persik Kediri |url=https://www.libero.id/detail/20026/momen-gol-dramatis-bagas-kaffa-lawan-persik-kediri.html |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=www.libero.id |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, Bagas Kaffa ya taimaka wa dan kasarsa Rafael Silva a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 0-3 da Persita Tangerang a filin wasa na Maguwoharjo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2022 |title=Hasil Liga 1: Persita vs Barito Putera, Rafael Silva Bikin Laskar Antasari Berpesta |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20221224/hasil-liga-1-persita-vs-barito-putera-rafael-silva-bikin-laskar-antasari-berpesta/jalannya-babak-kedua |access-date=24 December 2022 |website=www.indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa ya samu rauni a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha daya a kakar wasa, inda ya buga kusan adadin wasanni tsakanin dan wasan baya na dama da dan wasan tsakiya na dama. Kwarewarsa mai kyau ya sa aka kira shi zuwa kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 23 ta Indonesia wadda za ta shirya buga wasa a wasannin kudu maso gabashin Asiya na 2023 mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2023 |title=Bagas Kaffa Kembali Dipanggil Isi Slot Timnas Indonesia |url=https://dutatv.com/bagas-kaffa-kembali-dipanggil-isi-slot-timnas-indonesia/ |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=dutatv.com |language=id}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Bagas Kaffa ya fara wakiltar Indonesia tun yana ɗan shekara 15 lokacin da ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta Indonesia wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta Myanmar a gasar matasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta AFF ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2017 |title=Gol Injury Time Selamatkan Indonesia dari Kekalahan Lawan Myanmar |url=https://sport.detik.com/sepakbola/liga-indonesia/d-3553624/gol-injury-time-selamatkan-indonesia-dari-kekalahan-lawan-myanmar |access-date=9 July 2017 |website=detik.com |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa shi ma yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Indonesia wadda ta lashe gasar matasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta AFF ta 2018, bayan da ya buga wasan ƙarshe da Thailand U17, inda ya lashe bugun fenariti . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2018 |title=Sejarah, Timnas Indonesia Juara Piala AFF U-16 2018 |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/3616534/sejarah-timnas-indonesia-juara-piala-aff-u-16-2018 |website=www.liputan6.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa ga ''Garuda Muda'', inda ya yi sauri ya doke 'yan wasa huɗu da ke fafatawa da [[Iran]] U17 a gasar cin kofin AFC U-16 ta 2018. Wasan ya ƙare da nasara 2-0 ga Indonesia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2018 |title=Pecundangi 4 Pemain Iran, Bagas Kaffa Cetak Gol Kelas Dunia untuk Timnas Indonesia U-16 |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20180921/pecundangi-4-pemain-iran-bagas-kaffa-cetak-gol-kelas-dunia |access-date=21 September 2018 |website=www.indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> An ba shi kyautar ɗan wasan da ya zura ƙwallon da ta fi kyau a gasar cin kofin AFC U-16 ta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2018 |title=Gol Bagas Kaffa ke Gawang Iran Jadi yang Terbaik di Piala Asia U-16 2018 |url=https://bola.okezone.com/read/2018/10/12/51/1962980/gol-bagas-kaffa-ke-gawang-iran-jadi-yang-terbaik-di-piala-asia-u-16-2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Okezone |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 ta Indonesia wadda ta zo ta uku a gasar matasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 ta AFF ta 2019 . A watan Afrilun 2023, an kira Bagas Kaffa zuwa cibiyar horar da 'yan kasa da shekaru 22 ta Indonesia domin shiryawa gasar wasannin SEA ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2023 |title=Kembali Dipanggil, Bagas Kaffa Siap Berikan Segalanya di Laga Uji Coba Timnas Indonesia U22 |url=https://bali.tribunnews.com/2023/04/11/kembali-dipanggil-bagas-kaffa-siap-berikan-segalanya-di-laga-uji-coba-timnas-indonesia-u22 |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Tribunnews |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa ya fara buga wa 'yan kasa da shekaru 22 wasa a ranar 14 ga Afrilun 2023 a wasan sada zumunta da 'yan kasa da shekaru 22 na Lebanon a filin wasa na Gelora Bung Karno, [[Jakarta]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title=Hasil Timnas U22 Indonesia Vs Lebanon, Garuda Muda Takluk 1-2 |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2023/04/14/22385638/hasil-timnas-u22-indonesia-vs-lebanon-garuda-muda-takluk-1-2?page=all#page2 |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|25 April 2026}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/bagas-kaffa/654364/|title=Indonesia - B. Kaffa - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway|website=int.soccerway.com|access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofi ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="6" | Barito Putera | 2020 | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |- | 2021–22 | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 4 {{Efn|Appearances in [[2021 Menpora Cup|Menpora Cup]]}} | 0 | 36 | 1 |- | 2022–23 | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 5 {{Efn|Appearances in [[Indonesia President's Cup]]}} | 0 | 35 | 1 |- | 2023–24 | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 21 | 2 |- | 2024–25 | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 |- | 2025–26 | Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 121 ! 4 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 9 ! 0 ! 130 ! 4 |} ; Bayanan kula  == Rayuwa ta sirri == Shi ɗan'uwan ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne Bagus Kahfi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Putting it briefly: RI twins score in victory over Iran |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/09/22/putting-it-briefly-ri-twins-score-victory-over-iran.html |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> == Daraja == ; 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a Indonesiya * Tien Phong Plastic Cup: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timnas Indonesia U-16 Juara Tien Phong Plastic Cup 2017 {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/id/berita/timnas-indonesia-u-16-juara-tien-phong-plastic-cup-2017/l0a4h6nmg5kd1d4djbvsbpu58 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> * Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta JENESYS ta [[Japan]] da ASEAN : 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timnas Indonesia U-16 Juara Turnamen Jenesys 2018 {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/id/berita/timnas-indonesia-u-16-juara-turnamen-jenesys-2018/1m0uxc1t4c23b1uj9wlsn4u2m3 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> * Gasar Matasa ta 'Yan Kasa da Shekaru 16 ta AFF : 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harley Ikhsan |date=11 August 2018 |title=Sejarah, Timnas Indonesia Juara Piala AFF U-16 2018 |trans-title=History, Indonesian National Team Champion of 2018 AFF U-16 Cup |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/3616534/sejarah-timnas-indonesia-juara-piala-aff-u-16-2018 |access-date=12 August 2018 |publisher=Liputan6 |language=Indonesian}}</ref> ; Indonesiya 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 19 * Gasar Matasa ta AFF U-19 ta zo ta uku: 2019 ; 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 23 a Indonesiya * Lambobin zinare na Wasannin SEA : 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2023-05-16 |title=Hasil Indonesia Vs Thailand: Menang 5-2, Garuda Sabet Emas SEA Games 2023! |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2023/05/16/22220618/hasil-indonesia-vs-thailand-menang-5-2-garuda-sabet-emas-sea-games-2023 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar AFF U-23 : 2023 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Matashin ɗan wasan wata na Liga 1 : Satumba 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inilah Pemenang Individual Award September 2021 |url=https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/press/detail/inilah-pemenang-individual-award-september-2021 |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=Ligaindonesiabaru.com}}</ref> Nuwamba 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baru |first=PT Liga Indonesia |title=Adam Alis, Pemain Terbaik November 2021 |url=https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/press/detail/adam-alis--pemain-terbaik-november-2021 |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=ligaindonesiabaru.com |language=en}}</ref> Fabrairu 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baru |first=PT Liga Indonesia |title=Samsul Arif Terpilih Sebagai Pemain Terbaik Edisi Februari |url=https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/press/detail/samsul-arif-terpilih-sebagai-pemain-terbaik-edisi-februari-363 |access-date=4 March 2022 |website=ligaindonesiabaru.com |language=en}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar Gasar La Liga ta 1 : 2021–22 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://stats.the-afc.com/player/118029 Bagas Kaffa] a gasar AFC * Bagas Kaffa {{PS Barito Putera squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8013h5se40l9b0ey7eqriekmdbpv6x1 889056 889055 2026-07-29T16:14:31Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 889056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amiruddin Bagas Kaffa Arrizqi''' (an haife shi 16 Janairun shekarar 2002) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar [[Indonesiya]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] a ƙungiyar La Liga 2 Barito Putera . == Aikin kulob == === Barito Putera === Tun yana ƙarami, ya riga ya sami damar bugawa PS Barito Putera wasa. Bagas Kaffa ya amince da kwangila da Barito Putera a shekarar 2019. Har ma an tsawaita kwangilarsa har zuwa 2023. Ya ƙuduri aniyar samun matsayi a matsayin ɗan wasa na yau da kullun a ''Laskar Antasari'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagas Kaffa dan Sebuah Cerita Menarik dari Masa Kecil |url=https://m.bola.net/tim_nasional/bagas-kaffa-dan-sebuah-cerita-menarik-dari-masa-kecil-69017c.html |access-date=29 July 2020 |website=bola.net}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a ranar 6 ga Maris 2020 a matsayin fara wasa a wasan da suka yi da Bali United inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a matsayin ɗan baya na dama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagas Kaffa Ungkap Kesannya Setelah Debut Bersama Barito Putera di Liga 1 |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20200307/bagas-kaffa-ungkap-kesannya-usai-debut-bersama-barito-putera-di-liga-1 |access-date=29 July 2020 |website=Indosport}}</ref> An dakatar da wannan kakar wasa a ranar 27 ga Maris 2020 saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . An yi watsi da kakar wasa kuma an ayyana ta a matsayin ba ta da amfani a ranar 20 ga Janairu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barito Putera vs. Bali United - 6 March 2020 - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/03/06/indonesia/super-liga/barito-putra/persisam-putra-samarinda/3238845/ |access-date=29 July 2020 |website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Satumban shekarar 2021, Bagas Kaffa ya taimaka wa Aleksandar Rakić a wasan da suka doke PSM Makassar da ci 0-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2021 |title=Hasil Liga 1: PSM Makassar vs Barito Putera 0-2 |url=https://bola.tempo.co/read/1510953/hasil-liga-1-psm-makassar-vs-barito-putera-0-2 |access-date=27 September 2021 |website=tempo.co |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, Bagas Kaffa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar ga Barito Putera a wasan da suka doke Persiraj Banda Aceh da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2021 |title=Bagas Kaffa Cetak Gol Perdana di Liga 1, Bagus Kahfi Tak Dipercaya Jong FC Utrecht Lagi |url=https://bolanas.bolasport.com/read/493004049/bagas-kaffa-cetak-gol-perdana-di-liga-1-bagus-kahfi-tak-dipercaya-jong-fc-utrecht-lagi?page=all |access-date=20 November 2021 |website=bolasport.com |language=id}}</ref> Kwarewar da Bagas Kaffa ya nuna ya sa ya shiga cikin 'yan wasa mafi kyau na 2021-22 a gasar La Liga 1. A duk tsawon kakar wasa, ya buga wasanni 32, ya zura kwallo 1 da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallo 4. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2022 |title=Ikrar Setia Bagas Kaffa bersama Barito Putera di Tengah Godaan Tim Lain |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2022/04/11/20400058/ikrar-setia-bagas-kaffa-bersama-barito-putera-di-tengah-godaan-tim-lain?page=all |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> Kafin kakar wasa ta 2022-23, an yi ta rade-radin cewa Bagas Kaffa zai koma Persija Jakarta, amma daga baya ya ci gaba da zama a kungiyar. Duk da haka, ya zama dan wasan da ya fara bugawa a kungiyar Barito Putera a karkashin Rahmad Darmawan, kuma ya ga ci gaba a wasansa na kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=Bagas Kaffa Pilih Bertahan Di Barito Putra |url=https://m.mediaindonesia.com/sepak-bola/485360/bagas-kaffa-pilih-bertahan-di-barito-putra |access-date=12 April 2022 |website=Media Indonesia |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana ga ''Laskar Antasari'' a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2022, wani kokari na mintuna na karshe a wasan da suka yi da Persik Kediri don daidaita wasan da ci 2-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2022 |title=Momen Gol Dramatis Bagas Kaffa Lawan Persik Kediri |url=https://www.libero.id/detail/20026/momen-gol-dramatis-bagas-kaffa-lawan-persik-kediri.html |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=www.libero.id |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, Bagas Kaffa ya taimaka wa dan kasarsa Rafael Silva a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 0-3 da Persita Tangerang a filin wasa na Maguwoharjo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2022 |title=Hasil Liga 1: Persita vs Barito Putera, Rafael Silva Bikin Laskar Antasari Berpesta |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20221224/hasil-liga-1-persita-vs-barito-putera-rafael-silva-bikin-laskar-antasari-berpesta/jalannya-babak-kedua |access-date=24 December 2022 |website=www.indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa ya samu rauni a cikin 'yan wasa goma sha daya a kakar wasa, inda ya buga kusan adadin wasanni tsakanin dan wasan baya na dama da dan wasan tsakiya na dama. Kwarewarsa mai kyau ya sa aka kira shi zuwa kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 23 ta Indonesia wadda za ta shirya buga wasa a wasannin kudu maso gabashin Asiya na 2023 mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2023 |title=Bagas Kaffa Kembali Dipanggil Isi Slot Timnas Indonesia |url=https://dutatv.com/bagas-kaffa-kembali-dipanggil-isi-slot-timnas-indonesia/ |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=dutatv.com |language=id}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Bagas Kaffa ya fara wakiltar Indonesia tun yana ɗan shekara 15 lokacin da ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta Indonesia wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta Myanmar a gasar matasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta AFF ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2017 |title=Gol Injury Time Selamatkan Indonesia dari Kekalahan Lawan Myanmar |url=https://sport.detik.com/sepakbola/liga-indonesia/d-3553624/gol-injury-time-selamatkan-indonesia-dari-kekalahan-lawan-myanmar |access-date=9 July 2017 |website=detik.com |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa shi ma yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Indonesia wadda ta lashe gasar matasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta AFF ta 2018, bayan da ya buga wasan ƙarshe da Thailand U17, inda ya lashe bugun fenariti . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2018 |title=Sejarah, Timnas Indonesia Juara Piala AFF U-16 2018 |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/3616534/sejarah-timnas-indonesia-juara-piala-aff-u-16-2018 |website=www.liputan6.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa ga ''Garuda Muda'', inda ya yi sauri ya doke 'yan wasa huɗu da ke fafatawa da [[Iran]] U17 a gasar cin kofin AFC U-16 ta 2018. Wasan ya ƙare da nasara 2-0 ga Indonesia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2018 |title=Pecundangi 4 Pemain Iran, Bagas Kaffa Cetak Gol Kelas Dunia untuk Timnas Indonesia U-16 |url=https://www.indosport.com/sepakbola/20180921/pecundangi-4-pemain-iran-bagas-kaffa-cetak-gol-kelas-dunia |access-date=21 September 2018 |website=www.indosport.com |language=id}}</ref> An ba shi kyautar ɗan wasan da ya zura ƙwallon da ta fi kyau a gasar cin kofin AFC U-16 ta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2018 |title=Gol Bagas Kaffa ke Gawang Iran Jadi yang Terbaik di Piala Asia U-16 2018 |url=https://bola.okezone.com/read/2018/10/12/51/1962980/gol-bagas-kaffa-ke-gawang-iran-jadi-yang-terbaik-di-piala-asia-u-16-2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |website=Okezone |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 ta Indonesia wadda ta zo ta uku a gasar matasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 ta AFF ta 2019 . A watan Afrilun 2023, an kira Bagas Kaffa zuwa cibiyar horar da 'yan kasa da shekaru 22 ta Indonesia domin shiryawa gasar wasannin SEA ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2023 |title=Kembali Dipanggil, Bagas Kaffa Siap Berikan Segalanya di Laga Uji Coba Timnas Indonesia U22 |url=https://bali.tribunnews.com/2023/04/11/kembali-dipanggil-bagas-kaffa-siap-berikan-segalanya-di-laga-uji-coba-timnas-indonesia-u22 |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Tribunnews |language=id}}</ref> Bagas Kaffa ya fara buga wa 'yan kasa da shekaru 22 wasa a ranar 14 ga Afrilun 2023 a wasan sada zumunta da 'yan kasa da shekaru 22 na Lebanon a filin wasa na Gelora Bung Karno, [[Jakarta]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title=Hasil Timnas U22 Indonesia Vs Lebanon, Garuda Muda Takluk 1-2 |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2023/04/14/22385638/hasil-timnas-u22-indonesia-vs-lebanon-garuda-muda-takluk-1-2?page=all#page2 |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|25 April 2026}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/bagas-kaffa/654364/|title=Indonesia - B. Kaffa - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway|website=int.soccerway.com|access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofi ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="6" | Barito Putera | 2020 | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |- | 2021–22 | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 32 | 1 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 4 {{Efn|Appearances in [[2021 Menpora Cup|Menpora Cup]]}} | 0 | 36 | 1 |- | 2022–23 | rowspan="1" valign="center" | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 5 {{Efn|Appearances in [[Indonesia President's Cup]]}} | 0 | 35 | 1 |- | 2023–24 | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 21 | 2 |- | 2024–25 | Gasar La Liga ta 1 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 |- | 2025–26 | Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 121 ! 4 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 9 ! 0 ! 130 ! 4 |} ; Bayanan kula  == Rayuwa ta sirri == Shi ɗan'uwan ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne Bagus Kahfi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Putting it briefly: RI twins score in victory over Iran |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/09/22/putting-it-briefly-ri-twins-score-victory-over-iran.html |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> == Daraja == ; 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a Indonesiya * Tien Phong Plastic Cup: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timnas Indonesia U-16 Juara Tien Phong Plastic Cup 2017 {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/id/berita/timnas-indonesia-u-16-juara-tien-phong-plastic-cup-2017/l0a4h6nmg5kd1d4djbvsbpu58 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> * Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta JENESYS ta [[Japan]] da ASEAN : 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timnas Indonesia U-16 Juara Turnamen Jenesys 2018 {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/id/berita/timnas-indonesia-u-16-juara-turnamen-jenesys-2018/1m0uxc1t4c23b1uj9wlsn4u2m3 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> * Gasar Matasa ta 'Yan Kasa da Shekaru 16 ta AFF : 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harley Ikhsan |date=11 August 2018 |title=Sejarah, Timnas Indonesia Juara Piala AFF U-16 2018 |trans-title=History, Indonesian National Team Champion of 2018 AFF U-16 Cup |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/3616534/sejarah-timnas-indonesia-juara-piala-aff-u-16-2018 |access-date=12 August 2018 |publisher=Liputan6 |language=Indonesian}}</ref> ; Indonesiya 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 19 * Gasar Matasa ta AFF U-19 ta zo ta uku: 2019 ; 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 23 a Indonesiya * Lambobin zinare na Wasannin SEA : 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2023-05-16 |title=Hasil Indonesia Vs Thailand: Menang 5-2, Garuda Sabet Emas SEA Games 2023! |url=https://bola.kompas.com/read/2023/05/16/22220618/hasil-indonesia-vs-thailand-menang-5-2-garuda-sabet-emas-sea-games-2023 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar AFF U-23 : 2023 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Matashin ɗan wasan wata na Liga 1 : Satumba 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inilah Pemenang Individual Award September 2021 |url=https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/press/detail/inilah-pemenang-individual-award-september-2021 |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=Ligaindonesiabaru.com}}</ref> Nuwamba 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baru |first=PT Liga Indonesia |title=Adam Alis, Pemain Terbaik November 2021 |url=https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/press/detail/adam-alis--pemain-terbaik-november-2021 |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=ligaindonesiabaru.com |language=en}}</ref> Fabrairu 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baru |first=PT Liga Indonesia |title=Samsul Arif Terpilih Sebagai Pemain Terbaik Edisi Februari |url=https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/press/detail/samsul-arif-terpilih-sebagai-pemain-terbaik-edisi-februari-363 |access-date=4 March 2022 |website=ligaindonesiabaru.com |language=en}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar Gasar La Liga ta 1 : 2021–22 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://stats.the-afc.com/player/118029 Bagas Kaffa] a gasar AFC * Bagas Kaffa {{PS Barito Putera squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jk8apooko1dfy6bvpd3bgx9849148pq 0 161433 889205 881771 2026-07-30T00:12:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Offa Grammar School (OGS) ''' makarantar sakandare ce ta jama'a da ke Offa, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya . An kafa shi a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1943, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajayi |first=J. F. Ade |date=1963 |title=The Development of Secondary Grammar School Education in Nigeria |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856676 |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=517–535 |issn=0018-2540}}</ref> yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin makarantun sakandare a Jihar Kwara kuma daga cikin makarantun sakandaren da aka kafa a Arewacin Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opinion |date=2021-10-30 |title=Asiwaju of Offa: Who the cap fits? |url=https://punchng.com/asiwaju-of-offa-who-the-cap-fits/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Banwo |first=Adeyinka O. |last2=Olafimihan |first2=J. B. |date=2001 |title=The African Clergy and Historical Reconstruction: The Very Reverend J.B. Olafimihan's "Iwe Itan Ofa" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172204 |journal=History in Africa |volume=28 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.2307/3172204 |issn=0361-5413}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Authority |date=1954 |title=Nigeria Gazette |url=https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ng/1954/ng-government-gazette-dated-1954-08-05-no-42.pdf? |journal=Nigeria Gazette |volume=41 |pages=898}}</ref> == Tarihi == Shirin kafa makarantar sakandare a Offa ya fito ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1930 biyo bayan karuwar bukatar ilimi na bayan firamare a cikin al'umma. A lokacin, ɗalibai da yawa da ke neman karatun sakandare sun yi tafiya zuwa makarantu a waje da yankin, wanda ya sa shugabannin yankin su fara shirye-shiryen cibiyar mallakar al'umma <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Banwo |first=Adeyinka |last2=Olafimihan |first2=J. |date=2001-01-01 |title=The African Clergy and Historical Reconstruction: The Very Reverend J.B. Olafimihan's "Iwe Itan Ofa" |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273050055_The_African_Clergy_and_Historical_Reconstruction_The_Very_Reverend_JB_Olafimihan's_Iwe_Itan_Ofa |journal=History in Africa |volume=28 |pages=1 |doi=10.2307/3172204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adeyinka |first=A. Ade |date=1976 |title=Local Community Efforts in the Development of Secondary Grammar School Education in the Western State of Nigeria, 1925-1955 |url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ147393&utm |journal=Journal of Negro Education |language=en}}</ref> An kafa makarantar ne ta hanyar kokarin mambobin Offa: Kiristoci uku - Pa Abraham Oyediran, Pa Onawola, da Pa Bilewu - kuma tare da taimakon kudi daga Musulmai biyar: Alhaji Aliyu Olatinwo, Alhaji Gbadamosi Ijaiya, Alhajin Jatto, da Paleke Oye. Har ila yau, ta sami tallafin ƙungiya daga Offa Descendants Union (ODU) da Methodist Mission. Ya fara ayyukan ilimi a hukumance a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1943, tare da Reverend R. N. Ludlow yana aiki a matsayin shugabanta na farko. [1][2] == Ƙungiyar ɗalibai == Tsoffin ɗalibai suna wakiltar su ta hanyar Offa Grammar School Old Students' Association (OGSOSA), wanda ke tallafawa makarantar ta hanyar shirye-shiryen ilimi, ayyukan ababen more rayuwa, tallafin karatu da ayyukan ranar tunawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bankole |first=Idowu |date=2025-01-03 |title=Offa alumni unveil solar digital library |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/01/offa-alumni-unveil-solar-digital-library/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayanlakin |first=Rasak |date=2023-01-08 |title=Return Offa Grammar School back to community if you can't manage it, Alumni tell Kwara Govt |url=https://theinformant247.com/return-offa-grammar-school-back-to-community-if-you-cant-manage-it-alumni-tells-kwara-govt/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=The Informant247 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2023-10-21 |title=AGF, Offa varsity VC, Akinrinade, others for alma mata’s 80th anniversary |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/agf-offa-varsity-vc-akinrinade-others-for-alma-matas-80th-anniversary/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shahararrun ɗalibai == * [[Ipoola Alani Akinrinade|Lieutenant Janar Ipoola Alani Akinrinade]] (rtd) - tsohon shugaban ma'aikatan Soja <ref name=":0"/> * [[Lateef Fagbemi|Hon. Lateef Fagbemi (SAN)]] - Babban Lauyan Tarayya <ref name=":0" /> * Farfesa Abdulrahim Bayo Lawal- tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Offa <ref name=":0" /> * [[Mosobalaje Oyawye|Farfesa Jamiu Mosobalaje Olaloye Oyawoye]]- Farfesa na farko na ilimin ƙasa a Afirka <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2020-07-26 |title=Offa town: How mutual seed births over 100 professors, professionals |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/offa-town-how-mutual-seed-births-over-100-professors-professionals/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Cif [[Josiah Sunday Olawoyin]] - Asiwaju na farko na Offa <ref name=":1" /> * [[Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|Mai Girma Ibrahim Kolapo Sulu-Gambari CFR]]- Sarkin Ilorin <ref name=":1" /> * [[David Jemibewon|Janar David Jemibewon (Rtd.)]] - gwamnan soja na Jihar Yammacin da ta mutu yanzu <ref name=":1" /> * [[Emmanuel Olatunji Adesoye|Emmanuel Olatunji Adesoye OON, CON]] - Na biyu Najeriya Quantity Surveyor kuma wanda ya kafa Okin Biscuit, Okin Malt, da Okin Breweries <ref name=":1" /> * [[Nazmat .T. Surajudeen Bakinde|Farfesa Nazmat Surajudeen Bakinde]]- Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Gambiya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-03 |title=Latest News About Offa Grammar School |url=https://thewhistler.ng/tag/offa-grammar-school/ |access-date=2026-07-10 |website=The Whistler Newspaper |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Farfesa J. A. Balogun-physiotherapist kuma masanin kimiyya * [[Musibau Adewunmi Akanji|Farfesa Musibau Adewunmi Akanji]] - tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban [[Federal University of Technology, Minna|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Minna]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=NGP KYG: Professor Musbau Adewumi sikeAkanji |url=http://kyg.nigeriagovernance.org/personsInOffices/view/858 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=kyg.nigeriagovernance.org |archive-date=27 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027172146/http://kyg.nigeriagovernance.org/personsInOffices/view/858 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ayo Salami|Mai Shari'a Ayo Salami]]- lauyan Najeriya kuma tsohon Shugaban kotunan daukaka kara na Najeriya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Ajayi |first=Adejumoke Esther |date=2026 |title=SELF-HELP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN EDUCATION IN OFFA AND ILORIN OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA, 1967-2021 |url=https://phajournal-uniport.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SELF-HELP-IN-THE-DEVELOPMENT-OF-WESTERN-EDUCATION-IN-OFFA-AND-ILORIN-OF-KWARA-STATE-NIGERIA-1967-2021.pdf |journal=Port Harcourt Journal of Educational Studies (PHAJOES) |volume=9 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Dele Belgore|Muhammad Dele Belgore, SAN]] - lauya ne na Najeriya, mai sulhu, kuma ɗan siyasa * Joseph Abiodun Balogun - masanin kimiyya na Najeriya-Amurka * Charles Oladele Akande Ibitoye - mai mulkin gargajiya na talatin da uku (sarki) na Olomu na Omu-Aran * [[Salaudeen Latinwo|Kyaftin Salaudeen Adebola Latinwo]] - Sojojin Sama na Najeriya kuma gwamnan soja na Jihar Kwara * Cif Sunday Afolabi - Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida <ref name="dokun">{{Cite web |last=Oloyede |first=Dokun |last2=Ikokwu |first2=Constance |author-link2=Constance Ikokwu |last3=Anakali |first3=Pius |date=2002-01-13 |title=Yoruba After Ige... Which Way Forward? |url=https://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/01/13/20020113cov01.html |access-date=2010-05-03 |website=This Day}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> Fayil:Offa_Grammar_school.jpg|Main entrance of Offa Grammar School Fayil:Offa_Grammar_school_entrance.jpg|School entrance gate Fayil:Front_view,_Offa_Grammar_School.jpg|Front view of the school Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_Assembly_Ground.jpg|Senior Secondary assembly ground Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_Principal's_Office.jpg|Principal's Office Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_02.jpg| Auditorium Hall Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_23.jpg| Offa Grammar School Old Students Secretariat Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_04.jpg|Offa Grammar Central Mosque Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_05.jpg|Offa Grammar School Chappel Fayil:Offa_Grammar_School_11.jpg| Offa Grammar School Digital Library </gallery> == Manazarta == q46lez2jsp5hzs4k35u47kv0l7ecex0 0 161648 889316 888423 2026-07-30T08:55:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Paul Samuel Zamani<ref>[https://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/member-churches/member-church/diocese/position.aspx?church=nigeria&dio=gboko&pos=bishop-of-gboko&posID=18628 Anglican Communion]</ref> bishop ne na Anglican a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dioceseofkwoi.org.ng/about/ |title=Diocese of Kwoi website |access-date=2026-07-28 |archive-date=2020-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821145654/https://dioceseofkwoi.org.ng/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shi ne Bishop na Kwoi na yanzu,<ref>[https://www.worldanglican.com/nigeria/kwoi/the-church-of-nigeria-anglican-communion/the-rt-revd-paul-zamani World Anglican]</ref> ɗaya daga cikin diocese 13 a Lardin Anglican na Abuja, kuma shi kansa yana ɗaya daga cikin larduna 14 a Cocin Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.today.ng/topic/church-of-nigeria ''Today'', Nigeria]</ref> An haifi Zamani a [[Zonkwa]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1964 kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Tauhidi ta St Francis na Assisi da ke Wusasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] arn9ua9bahm8vf3waezpp2eyfwp4rbl 0 161745 889115 884271 2026-07-29T18:46:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicholas Wadada Wakiro''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Yuli 1994) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Uganda wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] a ƙungiyar Azam FC ta ƙasar Tanzania da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Uganda . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Wadada ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa yana ɗan shekara 13 tare da Lukuli United a shekara ta 2007. Daga baya ya koma St. Mary's Kitende a shekara ta 2010 kuma a wannan shekarar ya koma ƙungiyar Super League ta Uganda Bunamwaya FC (wanda yanzu ita ce Vipers SC ). === Kungiyar Bunamwaya FC === Wadada ya koma Bunamwaya FC a shekara ta 2010 yana da shekaru 16, ya kasance ɗan wasa mai tsaron [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] a wasanni kaɗan a wannan kakar. A kakar wasa ta 2011–12, Wadada ya zama ɗan wasa na yau da kullun kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta kammala matsayi na biyu a gasar Super League ta Uganda ta 2011–12. A shekarar 2012–13 Wadada ta buga wasanni 20 a gasar lig yayin da Bunamwaya ta kare a matsayi na uku a gasar Premier ta Uganda . === Vipers SC === A kakar wasa ta 2013-14, Club Bunamwaya FC ta canza sunanta zuwa Vipers SC . Wadada ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayi na farko a ƙungiyar duk da cewa Vipers SC ta kare a matsayi na huɗu a wannan kakar. Ya fara wasa a wasanni 32 kuma ya zira kwallaye 3. A kakar wasa ta 2014-15, Wadada yana da shekaru 20 kacal, ya zama babban ɗan wasa kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen lashe gasar Premier ta Uganda . Ya buga wasanni 30 kuma ya zura kwallaye 4. A shekarar 2015–16 Wadada ya zama kyaftin na Vipers SC. Ya lashe Kofin Uganda a wannan kakar bayan ya doke Onduparaka FC a wasan karshe. Ya buga wasanni 34 kuma ya zura kwallaye 2. A shekarar 2016–17, Wadada ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Vipers SC wacce ta buga gasar cin kofin CAF Confederation Cup da Platinum Stars ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ƙungiyarsa ta kare a matsayi na uku a gasar Premier. Ya buga wasanni 35 kuma ya zura kwallaye 2. A shekarar 2017–18, Wadada ya lashe gasar Premier tare da Vipers SC, kofinsa na biyu a matsayin kyaftin. Ya buga wasanni 36 kuma ya kare a matsayi na biyu a gasar Uganda Cup . === Azam === A watan Yunin 2018, Wadada ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da kulob din Azam FC na kasar Tanzania <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official Website of Azam Football Club {{!}} Wana Lamba Lamba |url=http://www.azamfc.com/ |access-date=2018-06-25 |website=www.azamfc.com |language=en |archive-date=2019-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618064910/http://www.azamfc.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Nicolas Wadada ya samu kiran farko zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 ta Uganda ( ''The Hippos'' ) a shekarar 2012 a lokacin wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20. Ya buga wasanni biyu da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] . A wannan gasar, ya kuma buga wasan da suka doke Ghana da ci 3-1 a [[Kampala]] a zagaye na farko. Ya kuma fara wasan da suka yi da Ghana a zagaye na biyu. A shekarar 2013, ya buga wasanni biyu a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Uganda. === Babban ɗalibi === Wadada ya sami kiran farko na ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa daga Bobby Williamson, kocin Cranes a shekarar 2013. Yana cikin ƙungiyar Cranes da ta lashe gasar CECAFA ta 2013. Wadada yana cikin 'yan wasa 23 da suka kai ga gasar AFCON ta 2017 a [[Gabon]] . Ya fara wasa ɗaya kuma ya zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka yi da Masar . Ya buga dukkan wasanni shida a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2018 da Masar, [[Hukumar kwallon kafa ta kasa a Ghana|Ghana]] da [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Kongo|Jamhuriyar Congo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIFA.com |title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia |url=http://fifa.com/ |access-date=2018-06-25 |website=www.fifa.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wadada ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka yi da Nijar a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2018 a gasar kasashe uku da aka yi a [[Niamey]] . == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|matches played on 29 March 2021}}<ref name="nft"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="10" | Uganda | 2012 | 3 | 0 |- | 2013 | 9 | 0 |- | 2014 | 4 | 0 |- | 2015 | 0 | 0 |- | 2016 | 6 | 0 |- | 2017 | 15 | 1 |- | 2018 | 11 | 0 |- | 2019 | 6 | 0 |- | 2020 | 1 | 0 |- | 2021 | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 57 ! 1 |} : ''Sakamakon maki da sakamako sun fara nuna adadin kwallayen da Uganda ta ci, ginshiƙin maki yana nuna maki bayan kowace ƙwallo da Wadada ta ci.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallayen da Nicholas Wadada ya zura a gasar cin kofin duniya ! scope="col" | A'a. ! scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" | 1 | 8 ga Disamba, 2017 | Bukhungu Stadium, Kakamega, Kenya |{{Fb|SSD}} | style="text-align:center" | 5–1 | style="text-align:center" | 5–1 | Gasar cin kofin CECAFA ta 2017 |} == Daraja == '''Vipers SC''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Uganda : 2014–15, 2017–18 * Kofin Uganda : 2015; wanda ya zo na biyu a 2013, 2018 * Kofin Super : 2016 '''Uganda''' * CECAFA: 2013, 2016 == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4q7r321xqylkwuhh2t0by1rtzubdbxi 0 161927 889020 885178 2026-07-29T15:33:32Z Muhammad Idriss Criteria 15878 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a [[Landan]], Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] da aka ƙara wa matsayi a gasar League Two a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2010, kuma farkon fara wasansa ya zo ne bayan kwana goma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyar West Ham United da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup . <ref name="MC10" /> Cole ya buga wasanni shida a dukkan gasannin, inda wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru ya zo ne a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Macclesfield Town da ci 3-2 a Moss Rose a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2010. <ref name="MC10" /> === Ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru === A watan Fabrairun 2011, an tilasta wa Cole yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bisa shawarar likita bayan da yanayin zuciyarsa ya tsananta. Ya fara fuskantar ƙarancin numfashi a lokacin atisaye da wasanni a ƙarshen 2010, kuma wani likitan zuciya ya ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba da yin wasa cikin gasa yana da babban haɗari ga lafiyarsa. <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> Da yake tunani game da ritayarsa, Cole ya ce: "Kamar dai an buge ni da tarin bulo ne domin ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce kawai abin da na taɓa sani. Na sami nasarar samun shekaru takwas daga wasan ƙwararru wanda nake matuƙar farin ciki da shi." <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwararru === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Cole ya buga wasanni da dama na sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa ga ƙungiyar Stotfold ta ƙungiyar Spartan South Midlands League, kuma ya buga wasan farko na kakar wasa, inda ya doke Oxhey Jets da ci 2-0 a gida a Roker Park a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011. Bayan kwana biyu, ya koma ƙungiyar Southern League Premier Division Hitchin Town bisa yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a ranar a wasan da suka doke Hemel Hempstead Town da ci 3-0 a gida. Kamar yadda Cole ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba tare da kwangila ba, ya kasance a shirye ya buga wa Stotfold wasa a wasan da suka doke St. Margaretsbury da ci 2-1 a gida washegari. Cole ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Hitchin a wasan da suka doke Bedford Town da ci 3-1 a wasan da suka buga a waje a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2011, kuma ya bar kulob din a watan Nuwamba 2011 bayan ya buga wasanni 15 da kuma kwallo daya. Daga nan Cole ya sanya hannu a kulob din Southern League Division One Central Biggleswade Town, inda ya fara buga wasa a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2011 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Slough Town a Langford Road. Ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni shida kafin ya koma Arlesey Town a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2012, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni 11. Cole ya daina buga wasa a gasar a watan Maris na 2012 bayan ya ga bugun zuciya na Fabrice Muamba, inda ya sanar da daraktan kwallon kafa na Arlesey Gary King cewa ba zai sake buga wasa ba. Daga baya Cole ya buga wa kulob din Essex Senior League Basildon United a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Barkingside a filin wasa na Cricklefield a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2012. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Cole ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan makaranta . An kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar Ingila C, wacce ke wakiltar Ingila a matakin da ba na League ba, a watan Fabrairun 2005 a wasan sada zumunci da [[Holand|Netherlands]]. Ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da suka doke Finland C da ci 1-0 a watan Yunin 2007, sannan ya ci wa waɗanda suka yi nasara a wasan da suka yi da Wales XI da [[Gibraltar]] a 2008. Daga baya an zaɓi Cole don rangadin Ingila C na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] a watan Yunin 2008, yana wasa a wasanni biyu da Grenada da Barbados . Da kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 14, Cole shine na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ba ta League ba. == Salon wasan == An tura Cole a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na hagu]] kuma an san shi da saurinsa, iya ɗaukar 'yan wasa, da kuma ƙarfin ƙafar hagu. Manajan C na Ingila Paul Fairclough ya kwatanta salon wasansa da na Ryan Giggs, <ref name="Cole can be new Giggs – Fairclough" /> yayin da manaja Mark Stimson ya bayyana cewa yana da ikon yin wasa a matakin mafi girma, yana nuna yanayin matsayinsa da ikon doke abokan hamayyarsa. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Surukinsa, Joe Cole, daga baya ya lura cewa, duk da cewa yanayin zuciyarsa ya takaita, ya kasance mai hazaka ta fasaha, mai sauri, da kuma hazaka sosai. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Mutuwa == Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2012, yana da shekaru 27, a Finsbury Leisure Centre da ke Islington, Landan, yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai. Mutuwarsa tana da alaƙa da yanayin zuciyarsa da ya riga ya kasance. <ref name="Mitchell Cole, ex-Oxford and Southend footballer, dies at 27" /> === Jagorori === An yi ta yi wa Cole gaisuwa sosai bayan rasuwarsa. Ƙungiyoyi da magoya baya sun yi ta'aziyya da ɗan lokaci na shiru, an ɗaure baƙaƙen hannu, an kuma yi masa tafi daidai da lambar ƙungiyarsa, yayin da tsoffin abokan wasansa, ciki har da Jack Midson da [[Steve Morison]], suka sadaukar da kwallaye a gare shi. An kuma yi masa ta'aziyya a lokacin bikin BBC Sports Heritage of the Year na 2012. An gudanar da wasan fa'ida, mai taken 'Match for Mitch', a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2013 a Broadhall Way tsakanin Mitchell Cole XI da Stevenage XI, inda aka samu kudin shiga ga iyalinsa da kuma Ƙungiyar Cardiomyopathy. 'Yan kallo 2,306 ne suka halarci wasan. Mahalarta wasan sun haɗa da surukinsa Joe Cole, [[Andy Carroll]], James Collins, Gary Hooper, Matt Jarvis, da Kevin Nolan, <ref name="Mitchell Cole remembered" /> tare da tsoffin abokan wasansa daga ƙungiyoyinsa na baya. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Cole yana da 'ya'ya uku tare da matarsa, Charly, wacce 'yar'uwar ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan wasan Ingila Joe Cole. An haifi 'yarsu ta uku, Leni, a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2012, mako guda bayan mutuwar Cole. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa a watan Fabrairu 2011, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakada na Ƙungiyar Cardiomyopathy, yana wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin a Burtaniya da Amurka. Ƙanensa, Ben, ya taimaka wajen kafa Gasar Tunawa da Mitchell Cole don girmama shi, yana tara kuɗi don ƙungiyar agaji ta Cardiomyopathy UK. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Grays Athletic |2004–05 |Conference South |35 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |12{{Efn|Eight appearances and one goal in [[FA Trophy]]; three appearances and two goals in [[Conference League Cup]]; one appearance and one goal in [[Essex Senior Cup]]}} |4 |47 |9 |- | rowspan="3" |Southend United |2005–06 |League One |29 |1 |2 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |1 |- |2006–07 |Championship |4 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !33 !1 !2 !0 !2 !0 !0 !0 !37 !1 |- |Northampton Town |2006–07<ref name="MC06" /> |League One |8 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Football League Trophy]]}} |0 |9 |1 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] |2006–07<ref name="MC06" /><ref name="Boroguide – 2006–07">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2006–7: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0607/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915131436/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/season.php?ID=0607 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference National |19 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Appearance(s) in FA Trophy}} |1 |25 |3 |- |2007–08<ref name="Boroguide – 2007–08">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2007–8: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0708/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716102526/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0708/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |26 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |27 |2 |- |2008–09<ref name="Boroguide – 2008–09">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2008–9: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0809/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716101819/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0809/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |42 |12 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |6[c] |1 |50 |14 |- |2009–10<ref name="Boroguide – 2009–10">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2009–10: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0910/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716102044/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0910/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |32 |4 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6[c] |0 |41 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !119 !20 !7 !1 !0 !0 !18 !2 !144 !23 |- |[[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] |2010–11 |League Two |4 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1[b] |0 |6 |0 |- |Stotfold |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SSMFL Premier Division |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |2 |0 |- |Hitchin Town |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SFL Premier Division |11 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Two appearances in FA Trophy; one appearance and one goal in [[Southern Football League Cup (England)|Southern League Cup]]}} |1 |15 |2 |- |Biggleswade Town |2011–12 |SFL Division One Central |6 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |6 |1 |- |Arlesey Town |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SFL Premier Division |10 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Bedfordshire Senior Cup]]}} |1 |11 |2 |- |Basildon United |2012–13 |Essex Senior League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !229 !30 !10 !1 !3 !0 !36 !8 !278 !38 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Grays Athletic''' * Taron Kudu : 2004–05 * Kofin FA : 2004–05 '''Southend United''' * League One : 2005–06 '''Stevenage Borough''' * Babban Taron : 2009–10 * Kofin FA : 2006–07, 2008–09 ; wanda ya zo na biyu: 2009–10 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} eih3cqye99co2cedi5m199dlw36jzo1 0 162228 889305 888211 2026-07-30T08:13:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin Shekarar 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta Shekarar 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun Shekara ta 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan ƙ arshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Shekara ta 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na Shekarar 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps"/> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, ammah maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta Shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA"/> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu Shekarar 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620113648/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/Teams/First-team/Midfielders/Patrick-Roberts |date=2016-06-20 }} a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 56wz0fcrw5ntjvf0ccsni6t3cvthufm 0 162299 889242 887706 2026-07-30T06:34:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 889242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . Bayan kammala aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis shine babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Athenian, Maroussi Athens, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa sahun gaba a gasar Girka . Giannakis shi ne kuma babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, wadda ta jagoranci gasar EuroLeague ta 2010, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Giannakis, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005, da kuma lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 da aka yi a Japan, inda Girka ta doke ƙungiyar Amurka, da ci 101-95. Ya kuma kasance babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Giannakis kuma ya girma a wata unguwa mai talauci a Nikaia, [[Athens]] . Mahaifinsa Dimitris, wanda aka haife shi daga Asiya Minor, kuma yana da shagon babura; mahaifiyarsa Kalliope, [[Saƙa|mai saka ce]] . Giannakis shine ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="Oasis magazine bio">{{Cite web |last=Bekas |first=Sotiris |script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης - Αγωνιστής με πελώρια καρδιά |url=http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612040422/http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=.oasisfm.gr |language=el}}</ref> Giannakis ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa a unguwarsu. Ya nuna sha'awar wasanni tun da wuri, kuma ya gwada wasannin [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] . Ya fara kallon wasannin wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta yankin, kuma daga baya babban kocin ƙungiyar matasan Ionikos Nikaias ya same shi, wanda ya roƙe shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsu. == Sana'ar buga ƙwallon kulob == === Ionikos Nikaias === Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da matasan ƙungiyar Ionikos Nikaias, a shekarar 1971. Kocinsa na farko, [[George Vassilakopoulos]], ya ɗauki Giannakis zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar, daga ƙungiyar matasa, a shekarar 1972, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13 kacal. Kungiyar tana wasa a rukunin 'yan wasa na biyu na Girka a lokacin. A shekarar 1975, an ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa babban rukuni na ƙungiyar Girka ta farko . Wasan Giannakis mai ban mamaki da Ionikos Nikaias, a lokacin yana ƙarami, ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a kansa. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1981, Ionikos Nikaias, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan shekara 22 mai suna Giannakis, ya buga wasa da Aris Thessaloniki, wanda Nikos Galis ya jagoranta. Aris ya yi nasara a wasan da aka buga mai wahala, da ci 114–113. Wasan abin tunawa ne a tarihin ƙwallon kwando na ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Girka, domin a wasan, Giannakis ya zira kwallaye 73, kuma Galis ya zira kwallaye 62, yayin da suka sami maki na biyu da na huɗu mafi yawa da aka taɓa zira kwallaye a wasa ɗaya tilo na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka. === Boston Celtics === A shekarar 1981, kocin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka Dick Dukeshire, wanda ya horar da Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan ƙasar Girka, ya nemi Giannakis ya koma Amurka, don buga ƙwallon kwando a Kwalejin Hellenic . Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa Giannakis ya isa ya buga wasa a [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] . A wancan lokacin, 'yan Boston Celtics sun yi amfani da kayan aikin harabar Kwalejin Hellenic da ke Brookline, Massachusetts, don sansanin horo da kuma ayyukansu. Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa idan Giannakis yana horo tare da ƙungiyar makarantar a lokaci guda da Celtics ɗin, to yana da damar shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan Celtics. Daga ƙarshe Giannakis ya amince ya koma Amurka, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Hellenic College Owls. A lokacin da yake horo a Kwalejin Hellenic, Celtics sun lura da Giannakis, kuma suka gayyace shi ya shiga sansanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarar 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin horon bazara, Giannakis ya sami rauni a gwiwa wanda ke barazanar aikinsa wanda ya buƙaci tiyatar gwiwa da yawa, <ref>[https://www.contra.gr/synentefxeis/otan-o-panagiotis-giannakis-gkremise-ta-dentra-tis-sovietikis-enosis.7460340.html <nowiki>Όταν ο Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης γκρέμισε τα 'δέντρα' της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> da kuma lokaci mai tsawo na gyaran jiki. A lokacin tiyatar gwiwa, likitan tiyatar da ke yin aikin ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a cire ACL na Giannakis daga gwiwarsa. Likitan da ya yi wa tiyatar ya gaya wa Giannakis cewa bai yi tsammanin zai yiwu ya sake buga ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru ba. <ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/life-style/article/1086048/panagiotis-giannakis-to-basket-o-traumatismos-o-galis-kai-ta-38-hronia-gamou <nowiki>Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης: Το μπάσκετ, ο τραυματισμός, ο Γκάλης και τα 38 χρόνια γάμου {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ya murmure daga tiyatar da aka yi masa a gwiwa, Giannakis ya sami matsakaicin maki 25 a kowane wasa tare da Hellenic College Owls, a kakar wasa ta 1981-82. Bayan haka, Giannakis ya koma Girka, inda ya kammala kakar wasa ta '81–'82 tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Ionikos Nikaias, domin ya taimaka musu su guji faɗuwa daga gasar zakarun Girka, wato Greek Basket League . A ƙarshe dai Boston Celtics ta zaɓi Giannakis, a zagaye na 9 na zaɓen NBA na 1982, inda aka zaɓi ɗan wasa na 205. Daga nan Giannakis ya shiga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar na kakar wasa ta 1982-83 . Kimanin mako guda kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Celtics sun yi ciniki da Dave Cowens na tsakiya zuwa Milwaukee Bucks, a madadin Quinn Buckner mai tsaron baya, kuma saboda haka, ba su sake buƙatar wani mai tsaron baya ba. Daga nan sai Celtics ta nemi Giannakis ya shiga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta CBA, a matsayin hanyar gwada yadda zai iya daidaitawa da salon wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka, tare da damar samun kwangilar NBA tare da babbar ƙungiyar daga baya. Duk da haka, Giannakis ya ƙi tayin, ya koma Girka, inda zai buga wasa har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/ο-γιαννάκης-και-οι-μπόστον-σέλτικς-photos/ <nowiki>Ο Γιαννάκης και οι… Μπόστον Σέλτικς! (photos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sportstonoto.gr/p-giannakis-to-1981-piga-stoys-boston-celtics-video/ <nowiki>Π. Γιαννάκης: Το 1981 πήγα σε Boston Celtics – Στεναχωριόμουν που ο Γκάλης δεν ήταν το ίδιο ομαδικός” (videos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> === Aris Tasaloniki === A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1984, Giannakis ya koma ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, bayan da ƙungiyar ta biya Ionikos Nikaias kuɗin kwangilar canja wuri don haƙƙin ɗan wasansa, a cikin adadin Drachmas miliyan 42 na Girka, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sport24.gr/Basket/ElladaBasket/EthnikiBasket/seismos-sthn-thessalonikh-o-giannakhs-ston-arh.4791726.html |title=<nowiki>"Σεισμός στην Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Γιαννάκης στον Άρη" {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki> |access-date=2026-07-26 |archive-date=2019-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816134627/https://www.sport24.gr/Basket/ElladaBasket/EthnikiBasket/seismos-sthn-thessalonikh-o-giannakhs-ston-arh.4791726.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban kuɗi don siyan canja wuri a wancan lokacin. Giannakis shi ma ya sami motar [[BMW]], shagon kayan wasanni, da kuma kyautar dala miliyan 8 daga Aris. Tare da Aris, Giannakis ya haɗu da Nikos Galis, don samar da rabin ƙungiyar "tag-team" mai tarihi, wadda ta mamaye ƙwallon kwando ta Girka da Turai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Daga ranar 6 ga Maris 1985, zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 1988, 'yan wasan baya na Galis da Giannakis, sun jagoranci Aris Thessaloniki zuwa wasanni 80 da suka yi nasara a jere a gasar Girka. <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/67DB798E <nowiki>Η επανάληψη στη Ν. Σμύρνη και το αήττητο σερί του Άρη {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.foxbet.gr/277418/late-sout-kartes-dokaria-faoul-korner-ta-panta-ola <nowiki>Οι 80 σερί νίκες του «αυτοκράτορα» {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/αυτοκράτορας-80-σερί-νικών-αήττητος-για/ <nowiki>Αυτοκράτορας 80 σερί νικών, αήττητος για 44 μήνες! Σαν σήμερα 31 χρόνια πριν ξεκινούσε το μεγαλύτερο σερί στην ιστορία της Α1! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allaboutaris.com/istoria/36032/to-aionio-rekor-tou-80-0 |title=<nowiki>Το… αιώνιο ρεκόρ του 80-0!!! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki> |access-date=2026-07-26 |archive-date=2019-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507070002/http://www.allaboutaris.com/istoria/36032/to-aionio-rekor-tou-80-0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/afieroma/67406/o-aytokratoras-aris-kai-to-aittito-seri-ton-44-minon <nowiki>Ο Αυτοκράτορας ΑΡΗΣ και το αήττητο σερί των 44 μηνών {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kakar wasa ta farko ta Giannakis tare da Aris Thessaloniki, kakar wasa ta 1984-85, ta kasance babbar nasara. Ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka da kuma gasar cin kofin Girka . A wasan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, Giannakis ya yi maki uku cikin 12, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara a kan Panathinaikos Athens . Kuma wannan shine farkon, yayin da za a sake lashe gasar zakarun Girka shida a jere, da kuma wasu kofuna biyar na gasar Girka tare da Aris. Tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis shi ma ya shiga gasar cin kofin EuroLeague sau uku a jere. Ya buga wasa a gasar Ghent Final Four ta 1988, a gasar Munich Final Four ta 1989, da kuma gasar Zaragoza Final Four ta 1990 . Aris Thessloniki ya shiga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Turai a wancan lokacin, amma Giannakis da ƙungiyarsa ba su sami lambar yabo ta Turai ba sai bayan shekaru kaɗan. A watan Yunin 1991, an zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Balkans waɗanda suka buga wasa da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Turai, a gasar Fiba ta Shekarar 1991 . An gudanar da taron FIBA Jubilee na shekarar 1991 domin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da kafa wasannin kwallon kwando a shekarar 1891, wanda wani dan kasar Canada James Naismith ya jagoranta. Wasan FIBA Jubilee All-Star ya gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka, kuma ya haɗa da tatsuniyoyi da yawa na ƙwallon kwando na Turai. Ƙungiyar All-Stars ta Balkans ta yi nasara a wasan, da ci 103–102. A kakar wasa ta 1992-93, Aris da Giannakis sun lashe gasar cin kofin FIBA na matakin sakandare a Turai, wanda daga baya aka san shi da gasar FIBA Saporta. Aris ta doke ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya Efes Istanbul da ci 50-48 a wasan ƙarshe, wanda aka gudanar a [[Torino|Turin]] . A lokacin, Nikos Galis ya riga ya bar Aris Thessaloniki, ya koma Panathinaikos Athens, kuma Giannakis ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Aris kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. === Panionios Athens === A shekarar 1993, bayan ya shafe shekaru tara tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis ya koma kulob din Girka na Panionios Athens . Tare da Panionios Athens, ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.6, taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye 3.3, da kuma satar kwallo 1.4 a kowane wasa, a kakar wasa ta 1993-94 ta gasar Girka Basket League. A wannan kakar wasa, ya kuma fafata da kulob din a gasar mataki na uku ta Turai, wato FIBA Korać Cup . A lokacin kakar Korać Cup, ya samu matsakaicin maki 17.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.7, taimakawa wajen taimakawa 3.4, da kuma satar 2.0 a kowane wasa. === Panathinaikos Athens === Bayan ya shafe kakar wasa daya a Panionios Athens, Giannakis ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Girka ta Panathinaikos Athens, inda ya buga wasa daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Da Panathinaikos Athens ne ya kammala aikinsa na buga wasa a kulob din. Tare da Panathinaikos Athens, Giannakis a ƙarshe ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai mafi girma, FIBA EuroLeague . Panathinaikos da Giannakis sun lashe taken a 1996 Paris Final Four . Ya kuma lashe kofin Girka tare da Panathinaikos Athens a wannan shekarar. Wannan ne karo na bakwai da ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka a rayuwarsa ta wasa, tare da gasar cin kofin Girka guda bakwai da ya lashe. Giannakis ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararren ɗan wasa a ƙungiyar a shekarar 1996. A lokacin da yake buga wasa a kulob, ya fafata a jimillar wasanni biyar na karshe na EuroLeague, yayin da ya buga wasanni uku tare da Aris Thessaloniki, da kuma biyu tare da Panathinaikos Athens. Gabaɗaya, a lokacin aikinsa na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya zira jimillar maki 9,291, a wasanni 493 da ya buga a gasar Girka Basket League, inda matsakaicin maki 18.8 ya zira a wasanni ɗaya. A lokacin da yake gasar EuroLeague, ya zira jimillar maki 1,514, a wasanni 119 da ya buga, don matsakaicin maki 12.7 a rayuwarsa a kowane wasa. == Tawagar ƙasa tana buga wasa a matsayinta na mai horarwa == Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Girka zuwa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 1975 . Shekara guda bayan haka, ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, yana ɗan shekara 17, a fafatawa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Czechoslovak . Tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na Girka, ya kuma buga wasa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1976, da kuma gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1978 . Farkon bayyanar Giannakis tare da Girka a babban gasar kasa da kasa ta FIBA, ya kasance a gasar EuroBasket ta 1979 . Ya lashe lambobin zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1979, da kuma a gasar Mediterrenean ta 1979 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1980, EuroBasket ta 1981, EuroBasket ta 1983, Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1984, da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1986 . Tare da Girka, ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1986 . Giannakis shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka wadda ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta shekarar 1987 . Ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai a shekarar 1988 . Ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1989, kuma ya wakilci Girka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1990 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a bikin cika shekaru 100 na FIBA na 1991, wanda aka yi don tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da ƙirƙirar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ɗan ƙasar Kanada James Naismith ya yi. Gasar Jubilee ta gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka. A wasanni uku da aka buga a lokacin gasar, Giannakis ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.3 a kowane wasa. Galis ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a manyan gasannin da suka biyo baya: EuroBasket na 1991, Gasar cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai ta 1992, EuroBasket na 1993, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1994, da kuma EuroBasket na 1995 . Gianankis ya yi ritaya daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka a matsayin ɗan wasa, a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1996, bayan ya fafata da Girka a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Atlanta ta 1996 . A lokacin da yake wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, Giannakis ya halarci gasannin FIBA guda 29 na hukuma, da kuma gasannin ƙasashen duniya guda 40 na hukuma baki ɗaya. Giannakis yana da tarihin da ya fi kowanne a tarihin aikinsa na buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka, inda ya buga wasanni 351. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwar kowace ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai. Haka kuma yana da tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a tarihin rayuwa inda ya sami jimillar maki da aka ci tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan wasa ta Girka, inda ya samu maki 5,301. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a kowace ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Turai. == Aiki a matsayin babban koci == === Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa === ==== Girka ==== Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, shekara mai zuwa bayan ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta Girka, Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, a shekarar 1997. Ya ci gaba da zama babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa matsayi na huɗu a gasar EuroBasket ta 1997, sannan ya zo matsayi na huɗu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1998 . Giannakis ya koma matsayin kocin ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka a shekara ta 2004, don gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Athens ta 2004, inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Girka zuwa matsayi na biyar. A shekara mai zuwa, a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa na koyarwa, Girka ta lashe lambar zinare ta EuroBasket ta 2005, wadda ta kasance karo na biyu da Girka ta lashe gasar EuroBasket, kuma karo na farko da suka lashe ta tun 1987 . Giannakis ya zama mutum na farko da ya lashe gasar EuroBasket, duka a matsayin ɗan wasa ( 1987 ), da kuma a matsayin babban koci ( 2005 ). A shekara ta 2006, ya horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka har ta kai matsayi na biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 . A wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2006, kungiyar Giannakis ta Girka, ta doke kungiyar Amurka da aka fi so a karon farko, da ci 101-95. Bayan shekarar 2006, Giannakis ya daina yin horo a matakin ƙwararru a ƙungiyar ƙwararru da ta ƙasa, domin ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka kawai. Albashin Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, daga ƙarshe ya kai darajar kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 1.2. A gasar EuroBasket ta 2007, Giannakis ya jagoranci Girka zuwa matsayi na huɗu. A gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Beijing ta 2008, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa matsayi na biyar. A watan Disamba na 2008, Giannakis ya kawo karshen aikinsa a matsayin babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka. Jonas Kazlauskas ne ya gaje shi a wannan matsayin. ==== China ==== Giannakis shi ma ya kasance babban kocin ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . Ya horar da kasar Sin a gasar cin kofin FIBA ta Asiya ta 2013 . Kasar Sin ta kammala gasar a matsayi na biyar. === Kungiyoyi na ƙwararru === Bayan ya fara aikin koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin Girka, Giannakis ya kuma koma koyarwa a matakin ƙwararru a ƙungiyar . Ya horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Girka Panionios Athens, har zuwa shekara ta 2002, lokacin da aka naɗa shi babban kocin ƙungiyar Maroussi Athens ta Girka. Ya zauna tare da Maroussi Athens har zuwa shekara ta 2006. A lokacin da yake tare da Maroussi Athens, tare da taimakon matashin mai tsaron ragarsa, mai suna Vassilis Spanoulis, wanda salon wasansa da halayensa na ɗan wasa galibi ana kwatanta shi da na Giannakis, ya cire ƙungiyar daga duhun da ba a saba gani ba, ya mayar da ita ƙungiya ta uku mafi shahara a gasar Girka, a wannan lokacin. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2008, Giannakis ya amince da zama babban kocin kungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka. Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da rabi da ƙungiyar, a kan albashin shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 1.1. A watan Yunin 2010, Olympiacos Piraeus ta sanar da cewa Giannakis ba zai horar da tawagarta a kakar wasa mai zuwa ba. <ref name="Giannakis-Olympiakos">{{Cite web |date=2010-06-18 |title=OLYMPIACOS, coach Giannakis part ways. |url=http://www.euroleague.net/euroleaguenews/transactions/2010-11-signings/i/72717/4465/olympiacos-coach-giannakis-part-ways |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724065259/http://www.euroleague.net/euroleaguenews/transactions/2010-11-signings/i/72717/4465/olympiacos-coach-giannakis-part-ways |archive-date=2010-07-24 |access-date=12 February 2023 |publisher=euroleague.net}}</ref> A tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi da ya horar da Olympiacos Piraeus, Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga lashe Kofin Girka na 2010, wanda shine kofin farko da ƙungiyar ta lashe cikin shekaru takwas, da kuma zuwa wasanni uku a jere na Gasar Cin Kofin Girka (2008, 2009, 2010). Ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa wasanni biyu a jere na EuroLeague Final Four ( 2009 da 2010 ), waɗanda su ne wasannin farko na EuroLeague Final Four da ƙungiyar ta buga tun bayan 1999 Final Four . Waɗannan wasannin ƙarshe guda biyu sun haɗa da wasan ƙarshe na EuroLeague (2010). Bayan haka, Giannakis ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar Limoges ta Faransa, a kakar wasa ta 2012-13 . Ya zama babban kocin ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, a shekarar 2017. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Giannakis yana auren Eugenia, kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Kalliope da Dimitris. A shekara ta 2010, ya rasa ɗan'uwansa (dukkan 'yan'uwansa huɗu sun mutu a cikin shekaru 10) kafin wasan hamayya na Olympiacos Piraeus da Panathinaikos Athens . <ref name="Giannakis brothers">{{Cite web |date=2010-03-02 |script-title=el:Η μοίρα χτύπησε για τέταρτη φορά |url=http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_sport_9_02/03/2010_392537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225134305/http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_sport_9_02/03/2010_392537 |archive-date=25 February 2012 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=kathimerini.gr |language=el}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da nasarori == '''(A matsayin ɗan wasa):''' === Aikin kulob === * Zakaran Gasar 2 ta Girka : (1975) * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa zura kwallaye a Gasar Girka : (1980) * Zaɓen FIBA na Turai 4×: (1980, 1987, 1990, 1991 I ) * 2× Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallo a Gasar Cin Kofin Girka : (1985, 1988) * Shugaban ƙungiyar agaji ta Girka League : (1989) * Mafi kyawun maki da ya samu a wasa ɗaya shine maki 73 da ya ci, a shekarar 1981, a matsayin ɗan wasan Ionikos Nikaias (wanda abin mamaki ya faru da Aris, ƙungiyar da zai buga nan gaba). * Ƙungiyar kwararru [[National Basketball Association|ta NBA]] ta Boston Celtics ta zaɓe shi a cikin zaɓen NBA na 1982 . * Ya lashe kofuna 17 a matakin farko a rayuwarsa ta kwararru a kulob : ** Zakaran EuroLeague : ( 1996 ) ** Zakaran FIBA na Kofin Turai (Kofin Saporta): ( 1993 ) ** Zakaran Gasar Girka ta 7× a jere: (1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991) ** 7× Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Girka : (1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1996) ** Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Super na Girka : ( 1986 ) * 4× Gasar Girka All-Star (1991, 1994 I, 1994 II, 1996 I) * Tare da Nikos Galis, ya jagoranci Aris zuwa ga nasara a wasanni 80 a jere a gasar Girka, a shekarun 1980. * Lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa a kulob dinsa, ya rike tarihin mafi yawan wasannin da aka buga a Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Girka (493). * Ya zira kwallaye 9,291 a Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Girka (idan aka kirga dukkan wasannin lig tun kakar 1963-64) (na uku a duk lokacin) . <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/C13B01F3 <nowiki>Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Cika shekaru 50 na EuroLeague Jerin Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 Mafi Girma a EuroLeague : (2008) * Manyan Kwallo 101 na Kwando na Turai: (2018) * Zauren Fifa : (2021) * Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Kwando na Girka : (2022) === Ƙungiyar matasan ƙasar Girka === * Gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 1975 :{{Silver medal}} === Tawagar ƙasa ta Girka === * Gasar Balkan ta 1976 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1977 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1979 :{{Gold medal}} * Wasannin Bahar Rum na 1979 :{{Gold medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1980 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1983 :{{Silver medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1984 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1986 :{{Gold medal}} * Kwandon Euro na 1987 :{{Gold medal}} * Kwandon Euro na 1989 :{{Silver medal}} * Tauraron ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, wanda ya kafa tarihin yawan 'yan wasa, na maza da na manyan 'yan wasa, ya samu maki 403. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/playerview/?playerid=11 <nowiki>Σελίδα Αθλητή Ημ.Γεν: {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Tawagar ƙasar Girka ce ke riƙe da tarihin mafi yawan maki da aka ci, na maza da na manyan 'yan wasa, tare da maki 6,291. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/playerview/?playerid=11 <nowiki>Σελίδα Αθλητή Ημ.Γεν: {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}. {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Ya kafa tarihin zama ɗan wasa na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Girka a mafi yawan wasanni, inda ya buga wasanni 351. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/stats-men/ <nowiki>Στατιστικά Εθνικής Ανδρών Οι 50 πρώτοι σε συμμετοχές {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Mai riƙe da tarihin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka wanda ya fi samun maki mafi yawa, inda ya samu maki 5,301. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/stats-men/ <nowiki>Στατιστικά Εθνικής Ανδρών Οι 50 πρώτοι σκόρερς {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Hukumar FIBA ta Turai ce ke da tarihin yawan buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a gasar, inda ta samu maki 351. * FIBA ta kasance mai rike da tarihin maki mafi yawa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, inda ta samu maki 5,301. '''(A matsayin babban kocin):''' === Aikin kulob === * 2× Kocin Gasar Girka ta Shekara : (2004, 2006) * FIBA EuroStar : (2007) * Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Girka : (2010) === Ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa ta Girka === * Kwandon Euro na 2005 :{{Gold medal}} * 2× Kocin Wasannin Girka na Shekara : (2005, 2006) * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Stanković ta 2006 :{{Gold medal}} * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 :{{Silver medal}} * Shi ne kaɗai mutumin da ya lashe gasar FIBA EuroBasket, a matsayin ɗan wasa ( 1987 ), da kuma a matsayin babban koci ( 2005 ). == Duba kuma == * 'Yan wasan da suka fi samun maki a Gasar Kwando ta Girka ta Amateur (1963–1992) * 'Yan wasan da suka fi samun maki a wasa ɗaya a Gasar Kwando ta Girka ta Amateur (1963–1992) * Jerin manyan kocin da suka lashe kyautar FIBA EuroBasket == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.fiba.basketball/hall-of-fame/Panagiotis-GIANNAKIS Panagiotis Giannakis] a FIBA Hall of Fame * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160623190511/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/q/Panagiotis%20GIANNAKIS/pid/9573/_//players.html Bayanin 'Yan Wasan FIBA] * [http://www.fibaeurope.com/compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoANOrUf9le2.season_1997.roundID_1504.playerID_9573.teamID_291.html Bayanan 'Yan Wasan FIBA Turai] * [https://halloffame.esake.gr/player/011-giannakes-panagiotes- Bayanin Gasar Kwando ta Girka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313124619/https://halloffame.esake.gr/player/011-giannakes-panagiotes- |date=2024-03-13 }} {{In lang|el}} * [http://www.basket.gr/index.php/playerview?playerid=11 Bayanin Hukumar Kwallon Kwando ta Hellenic] {{In lang|el}} * [https://www.thedraftreview.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6379:panagiotis-giannakis&catid=92&Itemid=342 Bayanin Tsarin NBA na 1982] * [https://kosmagazin.com/101-greats-panagiotis-giannakis/ 101 Manyan: Panagiotis Giannakis] * [http://www.esake.gr/el/C13B01F3 Τα “κανόνια”] {{In lang|el}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8g4p4J48g0 Aikin Panagiotis Giannakis a cikin gajeren bidiyo] * Panagiotis Giannakis * Panagiotis Giannakis [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gvj3zwptkil6r3h11tz79resrcv9ci4 0 162466 888994 2026-07-29T15:15:26Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363252952|Ronnie Mills]]" 888994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Ronald Parker Mills''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1951) tsohon dan wasan tseren Amurka ne na Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics ta 1968 a baya. Daga baya ya yi aiki a talla a yankin Dallas.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> An haifi Mills a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1951 a yankin Fort Worth, Texas, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arlington Heights . <ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 "Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills"]. Olympedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A watan Yunin 1968, yana da shekaru 17, yayin da yake yin iyo don Fort Worth's Burford Swim Club, wanda kocin American Swimming Coaches Association Hall of Fame Coach Don Easterling ya horar, Mills ya lashe tseren mita 50 a cikin sakan 23.3 a gasar tseren Camp Carter. Easterling tana da shirin gasa sosai tare da Burford Swim Club, kuma za ta horar da Jami'ar Texas a Arlington, kafin ta fara aiki na shekaru 24 tare da Jami'an Jihar North Carolina daga 1971-1995. Mills ya horar da Easterling a Jami'ar Texas Arlington a shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics, kodayake Mills zai kasance matashi sosai don yin rajista a jami'ar.<ref name="TSHOF">{{Cite web |title=Texas Diving and Swimming Hall of Fame, Don Easterling |url=https://www.tsdhof.org/don-easterling |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Texas Swimming and Diving Hall of Fame}}</ref><ref name="Obit">{{Cite web |title=Alexander, Chip, Don Easterling, who coached NC State to ACC swimming dominance, dies at age 90 |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/college/acc/nc-state/article271213697.html |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=The News and Observer}}</ref> == Wasannin Olympics na 1968 == Mills ya yi gasa yana da shekaru 17 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968 a Birnin Mexico . Kowane mutum, ya lashe lambar tagulla don kammala matsayi na uku a tseren mita 100 na maza tare da lokaci a cikin zafi na karshe na 1:00.5. Ya kuma yi iyo a kafa na baya don ƙungiyar Amurka da ta lashe lambar zinare a cikin zafin farko na maza na mita 4×100.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 "Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills"]. Olympedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan wasannin Olympics, ya halarci Jami'ar Southern Methodist a Dallas, Texas, inda ya yi iyo don ƙungiyar SMU Mustangs ta yin iyo da nutsewa a gasar National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Mills ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kasuwanci a SMU . A cikin Janairu, 1971 ya hadu da Arkansas yayin da yake iyo don SMU, Mills ya sanya na farko a cikin Medley na Mutum 200-yadi tare da lokaci na 2:04.5. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1970, a gasar zakarun Kudu maso Yamma a SMU, Mills ya kafa rikodin Kudancin Yamma biyu a baya. Rubuce-rubucensa na 1970 na SWC sun haɗa da 53.7 a cikin 100 na baya, da kuma rikodin lokaci na 1:55.8 a cikin 200 na baya. Mills ya ci gaba da samun girmamawa ta Amurka kuma ya kasance zakaran Kungiyar Kudu maso Yamma a cikin jimlar abubuwan da suka faru na yin iyo guda takwas a cikin shekaru uku. Ya kuma yi iyo a kan ƙungiyar sakewa ta Amurka.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Mai karfi mai ba da shawara ga yin iyo, bayan dawowarsa daga wasannin Olympics, Mills ya ba da gabatarwa ga Kwamitin Makarantar Fort Worth don kara yawan kungiyoyin Gudun Ruwa na Makarantar Sakandare a gundumar makaranta. Ya taimaka wa hukumar makarantar Fort Worth ta zartar da wani kuduri wanda zai kara yawan kungiyoyin yin iyo da masu horar da makarantun sakandare da ke cikin Gundumar Makarantar Fort Worth Independent. Kudin zai fara aiki a shekarar makaranta ta 1969-1970. <ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a bangaren kasuwanci na shekaru da yawa bayan aikinsa na yin iyo, Mills ya fara zama na farko a cikin wasanni 10 na Dallas Superstars Decathlon a 1978, inda ya ci nasara a kan 'yan wasa a yawancin kungiyoyin kwararru na yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan lokacinsa a cikin yin iyo da decathlon, Mills ya sami nasarar aiki a talla yana aiki da farko a yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin a cikin kasuwancin talla, ya yi ritaya daga masana'antar a kusa da shekaru 48, ya koma asalinsa Fort Worth kuma ya kula da iyayensa tsofaffi. Ya yi ritaya ya haɗa da zagaye na golf da wasan tennis a Fort Worth's Ridglea Country Club, aikin sa kai, da kuma gudanar da kadarorin Fort Worth guda biyu. Wani dan wasan golf mai basira, ya taka leda tare da nakasa 16 a cikin mako-mako wanda aka lissafa sakamakon sau da yawa a cikin jaridu na gida.<ref name="FWM" /> == Daraja == An shigar da Mills cikin Hall of Fame na Texas a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2001.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics a wasan iyo (maza) * Jerin mutanen Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417170138/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mi/ronnie-mills-1.html Ronnie Mills] - Bayanan ɗan wasan Olympics a Sports-Reference.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] 6achfn93f1a4tns94ngdw703uzz696u 888996 888994 2026-07-29T15:16:03Z Aluja 30485 888996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Parker Mills''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1951) tsohon dan wasan tseren Amurka ne na Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics ta 1968 a baya. Daga baya ya yi aiki a talla a yankin Dallas.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> An haifi Mills a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1951 a yankin Fort Worth, Texas, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arlington Heights . <ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 "Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills"]. Olympedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A watan Yunin 1968, yana da shekaru 17, yayin da yake yin iyo don Fort Worth's Burford Swim Club, wanda kocin American Swimming Coaches Association Hall of Fame Coach Don Easterling ya horar, Mills ya lashe tseren mita 50 a cikin sakan 23.3 a gasar tseren Camp Carter. Easterling tana da shirin gasa sosai tare da Burford Swim Club, kuma za ta horar da Jami'ar Texas a Arlington, kafin ta fara aiki na shekaru 24 tare da Jami'an Jihar North Carolina daga 1971-1995. Mills ya horar da Easterling a Jami'ar Texas Arlington a shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics, kodayake Mills zai kasance matashi sosai don yin rajista a jami'ar.<ref name="TSHOF">{{Cite web |title=Texas Diving and Swimming Hall of Fame, Don Easterling |url=https://www.tsdhof.org/don-easterling |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Texas Swimming and Diving Hall of Fame}}</ref><ref name="Obit">{{Cite web |title=Alexander, Chip, Don Easterling, who coached NC State to ACC swimming dominance, dies at age 90 |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/college/acc/nc-state/article271213697.html |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=The News and Observer}}</ref> == Wasannin Olympics na 1968 == Mills ya yi gasa yana da shekaru 17 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968 a Birnin Mexico . Kowane mutum, ya lashe lambar tagulla don kammala matsayi na uku a tseren mita 100 na maza tare da lokaci a cikin zafi na karshe na 1:00.5. Ya kuma yi iyo a kafa na baya don ƙungiyar Amurka da ta lashe lambar zinare a cikin zafin farko na maza na mita 4×100.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 "Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills"]. Olympedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan wasannin Olympics, ya halarci Jami'ar Southern Methodist a Dallas, Texas, inda ya yi iyo don ƙungiyar SMU Mustangs ta yin iyo da nutsewa a gasar National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Mills ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kasuwanci a SMU . A cikin Janairu, 1971 ya hadu da Arkansas yayin da yake iyo don SMU, Mills ya sanya na farko a cikin Medley na Mutum 200-yadi tare da lokaci na 2:04.5. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1970, a gasar zakarun Kudu maso Yamma a SMU, Mills ya kafa rikodin Kudancin Yamma biyu a baya. Rubuce-rubucensa na 1970 na SWC sun haɗa da 53.7 a cikin 100 na baya, da kuma rikodin lokaci na 1:55.8 a cikin 200 na baya. Mills ya ci gaba da samun girmamawa ta Amurka kuma ya kasance zakaran Kungiyar Kudu maso Yamma a cikin jimlar abubuwan da suka faru na yin iyo guda takwas a cikin shekaru uku. Ya kuma yi iyo a kan ƙungiyar sakewa ta Amurka.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Mai karfi mai ba da shawara ga yin iyo, bayan dawowarsa daga wasannin Olympics, Mills ya ba da gabatarwa ga Kwamitin Makarantar Fort Worth don kara yawan kungiyoyin Gudun Ruwa na Makarantar Sakandare a gundumar makaranta. Ya taimaka wa hukumar makarantar Fort Worth ta zartar da wani kuduri wanda zai kara yawan kungiyoyin yin iyo da masu horar da makarantun sakandare da ke cikin Gundumar Makarantar Fort Worth Independent. Kudin zai fara aiki a shekarar makaranta ta 1969-1970. <ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a bangaren kasuwanci na shekaru da yawa bayan aikinsa na yin iyo, Mills ya fara zama na farko a cikin wasanni 10 na Dallas Superstars Decathlon a 1978, inda ya ci nasara a kan 'yan wasa a yawancin kungiyoyin kwararru na yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan lokacinsa a cikin yin iyo da decathlon, Mills ya sami nasarar aiki a talla yana aiki da farko a yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin a cikin kasuwancin talla, ya yi ritaya daga masana'antar a kusa da shekaru 48, ya koma asalinsa Fort Worth kuma ya kula da iyayensa tsofaffi. Ya yi ritaya ya haɗa da zagaye na golf da wasan tennis a Fort Worth's Ridglea Country Club, aikin sa kai, da kuma gudanar da kadarorin Fort Worth guda biyu. Wani dan wasan golf mai basira, ya taka leda tare da nakasa 16 a cikin mako-mako wanda aka lissafa sakamakon sau da yawa a cikin jaridu na gida.<ref name="FWM" /> == Daraja == An shigar da Mills cikin Hall of Fame na Texas a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2001.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics a wasan iyo (maza) * Jerin mutanen Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417170138/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mi/ronnie-mills-1.html Ronnie Mills] - Bayanan ɗan wasan Olympics a Sports-Reference.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] 5w71lf0ug7welfa55apx6e3lea6el6p 888998 888996 2026-07-29T15:17:34Z Aluja 30485 888998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ronald Parker Mills''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1951) tsohon dan wasan tseren Amurka ne na Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics ta 1968 a baya. Daga baya ya yi aiki a talla a yankin Dallas.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> An haifi Mills a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1951 a yankin Fort Worth, Texas, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arlington Heights . <ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 "Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills"]. Olympedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A watan Yunin 1968, yana da shekaru 17, yayin da yake yin iyo don Fort Worth's Burford Swim Club, wanda kocin American Swimming Coaches Association Hall of Fame Coach Don Easterling ya horar, Mills ya lashe tseren mita 50 a cikin sakan 23.3 a gasar tseren Camp Carter. Easterling tana da shirin gasa sosai tare da Burford Swim Club, kuma za ta horar da Jami'ar Texas a Arlington, kafin ta fara aiki na shekaru 24 tare da Jami'an Jihar North Carolina daga 1971-1995. Mills ya horar da Easterling a Jami'ar Texas Arlington a shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics, kodayake Mills zai kasance matashi sosai don yin rajista a jami'ar.<ref name="TSHOF">{{Cite web |title=Texas Diving and Swimming Hall of Fame, Don Easterling |url=https://www.tsdhof.org/don-easterling |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Texas Swimming and Diving Hall of Fame}}</ref><ref name="Obit">{{Cite web |title=Alexander, Chip, Don Easterling, who coached NC State to ACC swimming dominance, dies at age 90 |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/college/acc/nc-state/article271213697.html |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=The News and Observer}}</ref> == Wasannin Olympics na 1968 == Mills ya yi gasa yana da shekaru 17 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968 a Birnin Mexico . Kowane mutum, ya lashe lambar tagulla don kammala matsayi na uku a tseren mita 100 na maza tare da lokaci a cikin zafi na karshe na 1:00.5. Ya kuma yi iyo a kafa na baya don ƙungiyar Amurka da ta lashe lambar zinare a cikin zafin farko na maza na mita 4×100.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 "Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills"]. Olympedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan wasannin Olympics, ya halarci Jami'ar Southern Methodist a Dallas, Texas, inda ya yi iyo don ƙungiyar SMU Mustangs ta yin iyo da nutsewa a gasar National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Mills ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kasuwanci a SMU . A cikin Janairu, 1971 ya hadu da Arkansas yayin da yake iyo don SMU, Mills ya sanya na farko a cikin Medley na Mutum 200-yadi tare da lokaci na 2:04.5. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1970, a gasar zakarun Kudu maso Yamma a SMU, Mills ya kafa rikodin Kudancin Yamma biyu a baya. Rubuce-rubucensa na 1970 na SWC sun haɗa da 53.7 a cikin 100 na baya, da kuma rikodin lokaci na 1:55.8 a cikin 200 na baya. Mills ya ci gaba da samun girmamawa ta Amurka kuma ya kasance zakaran Kungiyar Kudu maso Yamma a cikin jimlar abubuwan da suka faru na yin iyo guda takwas a cikin shekaru uku. Ya kuma yi iyo a kan ƙungiyar sakewa ta Amurka.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Mai karfi mai ba da shawara ga yin iyo, bayan dawowarsa daga wasannin Olympics, Mills ya ba da gabatarwa ga Kwamitin Makarantar Fort Worth don kara yawan kungiyoyin Gudun Ruwa na Makarantar Sakandare a gundumar makaranta. Ya taimaka wa hukumar makarantar Fort Worth ta zartar da wani kuduri wanda zai kara yawan kungiyoyin yin iyo da masu horar da makarantun sakandare da ke cikin Gundumar Makarantar Fort Worth Independent. Kudin zai fara aiki a shekarar makaranta ta 1969-1970. <ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a bangaren kasuwanci na shekaru da yawa bayan aikinsa na yin iyo, Mills ya fara zama na farko a cikin wasanni 10 na Dallas Superstars Decathlon a 1978, inda ya ci nasara a kan 'yan wasa a yawancin kungiyoyin kwararru na yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan lokacinsa a cikin yin iyo da decathlon, Mills ya sami nasarar aiki a talla yana aiki da farko a yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin a cikin kasuwancin talla, ya yi ritaya daga masana'antar a kusa da shekaru 48, ya koma asalinsa Fort Worth kuma ya kula da iyayensa tsofaffi. Ya yi ritaya ya haɗa da zagaye na golf da wasan tennis a Fort Worth's Ridglea Country Club, aikin sa kai, da kuma gudanar da kadarorin Fort Worth guda biyu. Wani dan wasan golf mai basira, ya taka leda tare da nakasa 16 a cikin mako-mako wanda aka lissafa sakamakon sau da yawa a cikin jaridu na gida.<ref name="FWM" /> == Daraja == An shigar da Mills cikin Hall of Fame na Texas a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2001.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics a wasan iyo (maza) * Jerin mutanen Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417170138/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mi/ronnie-mills-1.html Ronnie Mills] - Bayanan ɗan wasan Olympics a Sports-Reference.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] h40717rvn7stavtller7e8kl5tlsrbw 889003 888998 2026-07-29T15:21:15Z Aluja 30485 889003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ronald Parker Mills''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1951) tsohon dan wasan tseren Amurka ne na Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics ta 1968 a baya. Daga baya ya yi aiki a talla a yankin Dallas.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> An haifi Mills a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1951 a yankin Fort Worth, Texas, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arlington Heights . <ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> A watan Yunin 1968, yana da shekaru 17, yayin da yake yin iyo don Fort Worth's Burford Swim Club, wanda kocin American Swimming Coaches Association Hall of Fame Coach Don Easterling ya horar, Mills ya lashe tseren mita 50 a cikin sakan 23.3 a gasar tseren Camp Carter. Easterling tana da shirin gasa sosai tare da Burford Swim Club, kuma za ta horar da Jami'ar Texas a Arlington, kafin ta fara aiki na shekaru 24 tare da Jami'an Jihar North Carolina daga 1971-1995. Mills ya horar da Easterling a Jami'ar Texas Arlington a shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics, kodayake Mills zai kasance matashi sosai don yin rajista a jami'ar.<ref name="TSHOF">{{Cite web |title=Texas Diving and Swimming Hall of Fame, Don Easterling |url=https://www.tsdhof.org/don-easterling |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Texas Swimming and Diving Hall of Fame}}</ref><ref name="Obit">{{Cite web |title=Alexander, Chip, Don Easterling, who coached NC State to ACC swimming dominance, dies at age 90 |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/college/acc/nc-state/article271213697.html |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=The News and Observer}}</ref> == Wasannin Olympics na 1968 == Mills ya yi gasa yana da shekaru 17 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968 a Birnin Mexico . Kowane mutum, ya lashe lambar tagulla don kammala matsayi na uku a tseren mita 100 na maza tare da lokaci a cikin zafi na karshe na 1:00.5. Ya kuma yi iyo a kafa na baya don ƙungiyar Amurka da ta lashe lambar zinare a cikin zafin farko na maza na mita 4×100.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> Bayan wasannin Olympics, ya halarci Jami'ar Southern Methodist a Dallas, Texas, inda ya yi iyo don ƙungiyar SMU Mustangs ta yin iyo da nutsewa a gasar National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Mills ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kasuwanci a SMU . A cikin Janairu, 1971 ya hadu da Arkansas yayin da yake iyo don SMU, Mills ya sanya na farko a cikin Medley na Mutum 200-yadi tare da lokaci na 2:04.5. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1970, a gasar zakarun Kudu maso Yamma a SMU, Mills ya kafa rikodin Kudancin Yamma biyu a baya. Rubuce-rubucensa na 1970 na SWC sun haɗa da 53.7 a cikin 100 na baya, da kuma rikodin lokaci na 1:55.8 a cikin 200 na baya. Mills ya ci gaba da samun girmamawa ta Amurka kuma ya kasance zakaran Kungiyar Kudu maso Yamma a cikin jimlar abubuwan da suka faru na yin iyo guda takwas a cikin shekaru uku. Ya kuma yi iyo a kan ƙungiyar sakewa ta Amurka.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Mai karfi mai ba da shawara ga yin iyo, bayan dawowarsa daga wasannin Olympics, Mills ya ba da gabatarwa ga Kwamitin Makarantar Fort Worth don kara yawan kungiyoyin Gudun Ruwa na Makarantar Sakandare a gundumar makaranta. Ya taimaka wa hukumar makarantar Fort Worth ta zartar da wani kuduri wanda zai kara yawan kungiyoyin yin iyo da masu horar da makarantun sakandare da ke cikin Gundumar Makarantar Fort Worth Independent. Kudin zai fara aiki a shekarar makaranta ta 1969-1970. <ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a bangaren kasuwanci na shekaru da yawa bayan aikinsa na yin iyo, Mills ya fara zama na farko a cikin wasanni 10 na Dallas Superstars Decathlon a 1978, inda ya ci nasara a kan 'yan wasa a yawancin kungiyoyin kwararru na yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Bayan lokacinsa a cikin yin iyo da decathlon, Mills ya sami nasarar aiki a talla yana aiki da farko a yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ "Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013"]. Fort Worth Magazine. December 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin a cikin kasuwancin talla, ya yi ritaya daga masana'antar a kusa da shekaru 48, ya koma asalinsa Fort Worth kuma ya kula da iyayensa tsofaffi. Ya yi ritaya ya haɗa da zagaye na golf da wasan tennis a Fort Worth's Ridglea Country Club, aikin sa kai, da kuma gudanar da kadarorin Fort Worth guda biyu. Wani dan wasan golf mai basira, ya taka leda tare da nakasa 16 a cikin mako-mako wanda aka lissafa sakamakon sau da yawa a cikin jaridu na gida.<ref name="FWM" /> == Daraja == An shigar da Mills cikin Hall of Fame na Texas a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2001.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics a wasan iyo (maza) * Jerin mutanen Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417170138/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mi/ronnie-mills-1.html Ronnie Mills] - Bayanan ɗan wasan Olympics a Sports-Reference.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] f1x9x20puqfdisvm2gvntpug9wbyp6l 889006 889003 2026-07-29T15:23:28Z Aluja 30485 889006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ronald Parker Mills''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1951) tsohon dan wasan tseren Amurka ne na Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics ta 1968 a baya. Daga baya ya yi aiki a talla a yankin Dallas.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> An haifi Mills a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1951 a yankin Fort Worth, Texas, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arlington Heights . <ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> A watan Yunin 1968, yana da shekaru 17, yayin da yake yin iyo don Fort Worth's Burford Swim Club, wanda kocin American Swimming Coaches Association Hall of Fame Coach Don Easterling ya horar, Mills ya lashe tseren mita 50 a cikin sakan 23.3 a gasar tseren Camp Carter. Easterling tana da shirin gasa sosai tare da Burford Swim Club, kuma za ta horar da Jami'ar Texas a Arlington, kafin ta fara aiki na shekaru 24 tare da Jami'an Jihar North Carolina daga 1971-1995. Mills ya horar da Easterling a Jami'ar Texas Arlington a shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics, kodayake Mills zai kasance matashi sosai don yin rajista a jami'ar.<ref name="TSHOF">{{Cite web |title=Texas Diving and Swimming Hall of Fame, Don Easterling |url=https://www.tsdhof.org/don-easterling |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Texas Swimming and Diving Hall of Fame}}</ref><ref name="Obit">{{Cite web |title=Alexander, Chip, Don Easterling, who coached NC State to ACC swimming dominance, dies at age 90 |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/college/acc/nc-state/article271213697.html |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=The News and Observer}}</ref> == Wasannin Olympics na 1968 == Mills ya yi gasa yana da shekaru 17 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968 a Birnin Mexico . Kowane mutum, ya lashe lambar tagulla don kammala matsayi na uku a tseren mita 100 na maza tare da lokaci a cikin zafi na karshe na 1:00.5. Ya kuma yi iyo a kafa na baya don ƙungiyar Amurka da ta lashe lambar zinare a cikin zafin farko na maza na mita 4×100.<ref name="Olympedia">{{Cite web |title=Olympedia Bio, Ronnie Mills |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/51491 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=Olympedia}}</ref> Bayan wasannin Olympics, ya halarci Jami'ar Southern Methodist a Dallas, Texas, inda ya yi iyo don ƙungiyar SMU Mustangs ta yin iyo da nutsewa a gasar National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Mills ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kasuwanci a SMU . A cikin Janairu, 1971 ya hadu da Arkansas yayin da yake iyo don SMU, Mills ya sanya na farko a cikin Medley na Mutum 200-yadi tare da lokaci na 2:04.5. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1970, a gasar zakarun Kudu maso Yamma a SMU, Mills ya kafa rikodin Kudancin Yamma biyu a baya. Rubuce-rubucensa na 1970 na SWC sun haɗa da 53.7 a cikin 100 na baya, da kuma rikodin lokaci na 1:55.8 a cikin 200 na baya. Mills ya ci gaba da samun girmamawa ta Amurka kuma ya kasance zakaran Kungiyar Kudu maso Yamma a cikin jimlar abubuwan da suka faru na yin iyo guda takwas a cikin shekaru uku. Ya kuma yi iyo a kan ƙungiyar sakewa ta Amurka.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Mai karfi mai ba da shawara ga yin iyo, bayan dawowarsa daga wasannin Olympics, Mills ya ba da gabatarwa ga Kwamitin Makarantar Fort Worth don kara yawan kungiyoyin Gudun Ruwa na Makarantar Sakandare a gundumar makaranta. Ya taimaka wa hukumar makarantar Fort Worth ta zartar da wani kuduri wanda zai kara yawan kungiyoyin yin iyo da masu horar da makarantun sakandare da ke cikin Gundumar Makarantar Fort Worth Independent. Kudin zai fara aiki a shekarar makaranta ta 1969-1970. <ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a bangaren kasuwanci na shekaru da yawa bayan aikinsa na yin iyo, Mills ya fara zama na farko a cikin wasanni 10 na Dallas Superstars Decathlon a 1978, inda ya ci nasara a kan 'yan wasa a yawancin kungiyoyin kwararru na yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Bayan lokacinsa a cikin yin iyo da decathlon, Mills ya sami nasarar aiki a talla yana aiki da farko a yankin Dallas.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin a cikin kasuwancin talla, ya yi ritaya daga masana'antar a kusa da shekaru 48, ya koma asalinsa Fort Worth kuma ya kula da iyayensa tsofaffi. Ya yi ritaya ya haɗa da zagaye na golf da wasan tennis a Fort Worth's Ridglea Country Club, aikin sa kai, da kuma gudanar da kadarorin Fort Worth guda biyu. Wani dan wasan golf mai basira, ya taka leda tare da nakasa 16 a cikin mako-mako wanda aka lissafa sakamakon sau da yawa a cikin jaridu na gida.<ref name="FWM" /> == Daraja == An shigar da Mills cikin Hall of Fame na Texas a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2001.<ref name="FWM">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=Fort Worth Magazine, Ronnie Mills, December 2, 2013 |url=https://fwtx.com/culture/people/ronnie-mills/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=Fort Worth Magazine}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics a wasan iyo (maza) * Jerin mutanen Jami'ar Methodist ta Kudu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417170138/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mi/ronnie-mills-1.html Ronnie Mills] - Bayanan ɗan wasan Olympics a Sports-Reference.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] awhjls7vljvf5xqlrxb84uld6rmt91j 0 162467 889011 2026-07-29T15:29:56Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366291554|Audrey Backeberg]]" 889011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Audrey Jean Good Backeberg''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Jean Good Backeberg – The Charley Project |url=https://charleyproject.org/case/audrey-jean-good-backeberg |access-date=2026-06-10 |language=en}}</ref> mace ce ta Amurka da ta ɓace a baya wacce ta ɓace tana da shekaru 20 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-04 |title=Woman missing since 1962 found 'alive and well' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgpjgwxlxwo |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> a 1966 a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1962, kuma ta sake fitowa a 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebrahimji |first=Alisha |date=2025-05-05 |title=Woman missing for more than 60 years has been found alive |url=https://www.abc12.com/news/national/woman-missing-for-more-than-60-years-has-been-found-alive/article_995bc492-24aa-56cf-9d3f-174e60d0f132.html |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=ABC 12 WJRT-TV |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi da bacewar == Audrey Backeberg ta zauna a Reedsburg, Wisconsin, amma ta ɓace a tashar bas a Indianapolis, Indiana, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heren |first=Kit |date=2025-05-04 |title=Woman who vanished from home 63 years ago 'found alive and well' - and 'has no regrets' |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/article/woman-vanished-63-years-ago-audrey-backeberg-5Hjd6Hd_2/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=LBC |language=en}}</ref> kwanaki kadan bayan an ba da rahoto ga [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|'yan sanda]] na yankin cewa mijinta yana cin zarafin ta har ya yi barazana ga rayuwarta. Backeberg yana tare da wani wanda ya ce dukansu suna tafiya a kan mota inda suka kama inda suka hau bas din Greyhound.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-05 |title=Missing Wisconsin woman found alive more than 60 years after disappearance |url=https://6abc.com/post/audrey-jean-backeberg-cold-case-woman-missing-more-60-years-reedsburg-wisconsin-was-found-alive/16330819/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=6abc Philadelphia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebrahimji |first=Alisha |date=2025-05-05 |title=A Wisconsin woman missing for more than 60 years has been found alive |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/05/us/audrey-backeberg-missing-found-alive |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> == Sake bayyana == Backeberg ta kasance ta ɓace har zuwa 2025, lokacin da masu bincike suka same ta da rai kuma a cikin wata jiha ta amfani da bayanan da aka cire daga bayanan 'yar'uwarta Ancestry.com.[1] Ta zaɓi kada ta bayyana bayanai da yawa, amma masu bincike sun ce mijin da aka ambata a sama na iya ko kuma ba shine dalilin da ya sa ta ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba. Ta kuma zaɓi kada ta ba da wurin da take yanzu, kuma tun lokacin da ta sake yin aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu, [2] [3] ta kuma zaɓi kada a ba da sunanta na yanzu. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace (1950-1969) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 07qxixy3t75qu8avzd5l1wp60yglxj0 889013 889011 2026-07-29T15:30:32Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Saka akwatyn bayanai 889013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Audrey Jean Good Backeberg''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Jean Good Backeberg – The Charley Project |url=https://charleyproject.org/case/audrey-jean-good-backeberg |access-date=2026-06-10 |language=en}}</ref> mace ce ta Amurka da ta ɓace a baya wacce ta ɓace tana da shekaru 20 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-04 |title=Woman missing since 1962 found 'alive and well' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgpjgwxlxwo |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> a 1966 a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1962, kuma ta sake fitowa a 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebrahimji |first=Alisha |date=2025-05-05 |title=Woman missing for more than 60 years has been found alive |url=https://www.abc12.com/news/national/woman-missing-for-more-than-60-years-has-been-found-alive/article_995bc492-24aa-56cf-9d3f-174e60d0f132.html |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=ABC 12 WJRT-TV |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi da bacewar == Audrey Backeberg ta zauna a Reedsburg, Wisconsin, amma ta ɓace a tashar bas a Indianapolis, Indiana, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heren |first=Kit |date=2025-05-04 |title=Woman who vanished from home 63 years ago 'found alive and well' - and 'has no regrets' |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/article/woman-vanished-63-years-ago-audrey-backeberg-5Hjd6Hd_2/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=LBC |language=en}}</ref> kwanaki kadan bayan an ba da rahoto ga [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|'yan sanda]] na yankin cewa mijinta yana cin zarafin ta har ya yi barazana ga rayuwarta. Backeberg yana tare da wani wanda ya ce dukansu suna tafiya a kan mota inda suka kama inda suka hau bas din Greyhound.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-05 |title=Missing Wisconsin woman found alive more than 60 years after disappearance |url=https://6abc.com/post/audrey-jean-backeberg-cold-case-woman-missing-more-60-years-reedsburg-wisconsin-was-found-alive/16330819/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=6abc Philadelphia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebrahimji |first=Alisha |date=2025-05-05 |title=A Wisconsin woman missing for more than 60 years has been found alive |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/05/us/audrey-backeberg-missing-found-alive |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> == Sake bayyana == Backeberg ta kasance ta ɓace har zuwa 2025, lokacin da masu bincike suka same ta da rai kuma a cikin wata jiha ta amfani da bayanan da aka cire daga bayanan 'yar'uwarta Ancestry.com.[1] Ta zaɓi kada ta bayyana bayanai da yawa, amma masu bincike sun ce mijin da aka ambata a sama na iya ko kuma ba shine dalilin da ya sa ta ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba. Ta kuma zaɓi kada ta ba da wurin da take yanzu, kuma tun lokacin da ta sake yin aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu, [2] [3] ta kuma zaɓi kada a ba da sunanta na yanzu. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace (1950-1969) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 66u422zucs37t9yet0nfte46cq20irr 0 162468 889014 2026-07-29T15:30:57Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332600579|Anak Agung Bagus Suteja]]" 889014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anak Agung Bagus Sutedja''' (13 ga Janairu 1923 - 29 ga Yuli 1966?) shi ne gwamnan farko na Bali, wanda Shugaba Sukarno ya nada a 1958, lokacin da Bali ya zama lardin.{{Sfn|Pringle|2004}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Sutdeja a Mendoyo, Bali a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 1923. Shi ne ɗan Raja na ƙarshe na Jembrana, marigayi Anak Agung Bagus Negara, kuma an haife shi a fadar sarauta Negara, Jembrana . A lokacin da Japan ta mamaye Dutch East Indies, ya shiga Heiho . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Setyaningrum |first=Puspasari |title=Biografi Anak Agung Bagus Sutedja, Gubernur Pertama Bali |url=https://denpasar.kompas.com/read/2022/11/03/161817778/biografi-anak-agung-bagus-sutedja-gubernur-pertama-bali?page=all |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=denpasar.kompas.com |publisher=Kompas}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Anak Agung Bagus Sutedja ya sami rinjaye daga ra'ayoyin kishin kasa daga shekarunsa na makaranta. Bayan watan Agustan shekara ta 1945 ya shiga cikin 'yan Republican a Juyin Juya Halin Indonesiya wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Dutch. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Holland sun ɗaure shi a 1948-49. Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Indonesia Shugaba Sukarno ya nada shi shugaban yanki (kepala daerah) na Bali. A matsayinsa na mai gudanarwa an san shi da mai ra'ayin hagu marar cin hanci. An san shi da "ɗan da aka fi so" na Sukarno, an nada shi gwamna lokacin da Bali ya zama lardin kansa a shekarar 1958. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kasance sama da siyasa, amma yana da tausayi ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indonesia (PKI). [1]Bayan Abubuwan da suka faru na juyin mulki a Jakarta a shekarar 1965, an kira Sutedja zuwa Jakarta don shawarwari, kuma an maye gurbinsa a matsayin gwamna a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar. A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin 1966, sojoji hudu da ke dauke da makamai sun zo gidansa a Senayan, Kudancin Jakarta suna cewa suna dauke da shi don saduwa da wani kwamandan sojan ƙasa. Ya yi ban kwana da iyalinsa, kuma ba a sake ganinsa ba. Abokin hamayyarsa na siyasa, Jam'iyyar Indonesian National Party (PNI), daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa Sutedja ya zaɓi nyupat, ko kisa da son rai, a kokarin kawo karshen tashin hankali sannan ya mamaye Bali, kuma an yi masa wuka a waje da Jakarta.[1][1][1] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen da suka ɓace {{Reflist|2}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] 9q2cw8khe5ortxp5uj426d922vht222 889016 889014 2026-07-29T15:32:50Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Saka akwatyn bayanai 889016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anak Agung Bagus Sutedja''' (13 ga Janairu 1923 - 29 ga Yuli 1966?) shi ne gwamnan farko na Bali, wanda Shugaba Sukarno ya nada a 1958, lokacin da Bali ya zama lardin.{{Sfn|Pringle|2004}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Sutdeja a Mendoyo, Bali a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 1923. Shi ne ɗan Raja na ƙarshe na Jembrana, marigayi Anak Agung Bagus Negara, kuma an haife shi a fadar sarauta Negara, Jembrana . A lokacin da Japan ta mamaye Dutch East Indies, ya shiga Heiho . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Setyaningrum |first=Puspasari |title=Biografi Anak Agung Bagus Sutedja, Gubernur Pertama Bali |url=https://denpasar.kompas.com/read/2022/11/03/161817778/biografi-anak-agung-bagus-sutedja-gubernur-pertama-bali?page=all |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=denpasar.kompas.com |publisher=Kompas}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Anak Agung Bagus Sutedja ya sami rinjaye daga ra'ayoyin kishin kasa daga shekarunsa na makaranta. Bayan watan Agustan shekara ta 1945 ya shiga cikin 'yan Republican a Juyin Juya Halin Indonesiya wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Dutch. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Holland sun ɗaure shi a 1948-49. Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Indonesia Shugaba Sukarno ya nada shi shugaban yanki (kepala daerah) na Bali. A matsayinsa na mai gudanarwa an san shi da mai ra'ayin hagu marar cin hanci. An san shi da "ɗan da aka fi so" na Sukarno, an nada shi gwamna lokacin da Bali ya zama lardin kansa a shekarar 1958. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kasance sama da siyasa, amma yana da tausayi ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indonesia (PKI). [1]Bayan Abubuwan da suka faru na juyin mulki a Jakarta a shekarar 1965, an kira Sutedja zuwa Jakarta don shawarwari, kuma an maye gurbinsa a matsayin gwamna a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar. A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin 1966, sojoji hudu da ke dauke da makamai sun zo gidansa a Senayan, Kudancin Jakarta suna cewa suna dauke da shi don saduwa da wani kwamandan sojan ƙasa. Ya yi ban kwana da iyalinsa, kuma ba a sake ganinsa ba. Abokin hamayyarsa na siyasa, Jam'iyyar Indonesian National Party (PNI), daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa Sutedja ya zaɓi nyupat, ko kisa da son rai, a kokarin kawo karshen tashin hankali sannan ya mamaye Bali, kuma an yi masa wuka a waje da Jakarta.[1][1][1] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen da suka ɓace {{Reflist|2}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] 1jq7z6b7b4x2j82i6vgyrl3b0l4afv1 0 162469 889015 2026-07-29T15:32:49Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362901766|Tyler Tanner (basketball)]]" 889015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Tyler Tanner''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2006) ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na kwalejin Amurka na Vanderbilt Commodores na Taron Kudu maso Gabas (SEC). == Rayuwa ta farko == Tanner ya halarci Kwalejin Brentwood a Brentwood, Tennessee . A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu maki 26.2, rebounds 4.4, steals 3.5, da kuma taimakawa 3.3 a kowane wasa, ana kiransa Gatorade Tennessee Boys Basketball Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Butts |first=Logan |date=2024-03-21 |title=Brentwood Academy's Tanner named Tennessee Gatorade Player of the Year |url=https://www.williamsonscene.com/willco-basketball/brentwood-academys-tanner-named-tennessee-gatorade-player-of-the-year/article_e63ba092-e7d2-11ee-b022-835520f268c0.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=Williamson Scene |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brentwood Academy Student-Athlete Named Gatorade Tennessee Boys Basketball Player of the Year |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/poy/assets/writable/84978/2024_BK_TTanner.pdf}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na makarantar sakandare, Tanner ya himmatu ga buga wasan kwando na kwaleji a Jami'ar Vanderbilt . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmateer |first=Tyler |title=Vanderbilt basketball signee Tyler Tanner watched loss to Presbyterian. It reaffirmed his decision |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/11/08/vanderbilt-basketball-recruiting-tyler-tanner-signing-day-after-presbyterian-loss/71476288007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon shiga na gaskiya, Tanner ya yi tasiri nan take, ya zama daya daga cikin manyan masu kare Commodores.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glennon |first=John |date=2024-11-15 |title=Vanderbilt freshman Tanner making quick transition to college game |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/sports/basketball/vanderbilt-freshman-tanner-making-quick-transition-to-college-game/article_b03b6400-a375-11ef-bc0b-63ee2d1b8aa9.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[Nashville Post]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerson |first=Aria |title=How Vanderbilt basketball's Tyler Tanner honed defensive skills with father and Darius Garland |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2025/02/21/tyler-tanner-vanderbilt-basketball-what-learned-from-darius-garland-dad-dwayne-tanner/77776850007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[The Tennessean]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa ta farko da maki 5.7, 2.2 rebounds, da 1.7 steals a kowane wasa a wasanni 33.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-14 |title=Inside Tyler Tanner's Path to a Second Year Jump for Vanderbilt Basketball |url=https://www.si.com/college/vanderbilt/basketball/inside-tyler-tanner-s-path-to-a-second-year-jump-for-vanderbilt-basketball |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Tanner ya karu a kakar wasa mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye 26 a cikin nasarar 88-69 a kan SMU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerson |first=Aria |title=How Tyler Tanner is continuing breakout season with Vanderbilt basketball |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2025/12/04/tyler-tanner-vanderbilt-basketball-smu/87513340007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[The Tennessean]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Tanner ya sami maki 19.5, 5.1 ya taimaka kuma ya sace 2.7 a kowane wasa. An kira shi zuwa Team All-SEC na farko da kuma All-Defensive Team. Bayan kakar, Tanner ya bayyana don shirin NBA na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigsby |first=Brandon |date=April 24, 2026 |title=Vanderbilt guard Tyler Tanner declares for 2026 NBA Draft; maintains college eligibility |url=https://247sports.com/college/vanderbilt/article/vanderbilt-guard-tyler-tanner-declares-for-2026-nba-draft-maintains-college-eligibility-283068680/ |access-date=May 13, 2026 |website=[[247Sports]]}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2026, Tanner ya janye daga NBA Draft kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Vanderbilt don ƙaramin lokacinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Chris |date=May 27, 2026 |title=Tyler Tanner to return to Vanderbilt after pulling name from NBA Draft |url=https://www.wsmv.com/2026/05/28/tyler-tanner-return-vanderbilt-after-pulling-name-nba-draft/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[WSMV-TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Joey |date=June 2026 |title=Exclusive: Tyler Tanner Returns Home to Vanderbilt Basketball with High Expectations |url=https://www.si.com/college/vanderbilt/basketball/exclusive-tyler-tanner-returns-home-to-vanderbilt-basketball-with-high-expectations |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{NBA player statistics legend}} === Kwaleji === {{NBA player statistics start}} |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2024–25]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2024–25 Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball team|Vanderbilt]] | 33 || 0 || 20.5 || .465 || .266 || .750 || 2.2 || 1.9 || 1.7 || .2 || 5.7 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2025–26 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2025–26]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2025–26 Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball team|Vanderbilt]] | '''36''' || '''36''' || '''33.5''' || '''.485''' || '''.368''' || '''.853''' || '''3.6''' || '''5.1''' || '''2.4''' || '''.3''' || '''19.5''' |- class="sortbottom" | style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career | 69 || 36 || 27.2 || .480 || .339 || .840 || 3.0 || 3.6 || 2.0 || .2 || 12.9 {{S-end}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Tanner ɗan D'Wayne ne da Jenifer Tanner, waɗanda dukansu suka buga wasan kwando a Jami'ar Rice. D'Wayne ya mallaki rikodin Kudancin Yamma tare da satar aiki 291 kuma shine aikin Rice kuma mai riƙe da rikodin guda (95) ya sata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Tyler Tanner |url=https://vucommodores.com/roster/tyler-tanner/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=Vanderbilt University Athletics - Official Athletics Website |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://vucommodores.com/roster/tyler-tanner/ Vanderbilt Commodores bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mbuqjd56l3om1uzim0xhkzjgr5aykh8 889018 889015 2026-07-29T15:33:30Z Aluja 30485 889018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tyler Tanner''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2006) ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na kwalejin Amurka na Vanderbilt Commodores na Taron Kudu maso Gabas (SEC). == Rayuwa ta farko == Tanner ya halarci Kwalejin Brentwood a Brentwood, Tennessee . A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu maki 26.2, rebounds 4.4, steals 3.5, da kuma taimakawa 3.3 a kowane wasa, ana kiransa Gatorade Tennessee Boys Basketball Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Butts |first=Logan |date=2024-03-21 |title=Brentwood Academy's Tanner named Tennessee Gatorade Player of the Year |url=https://www.williamsonscene.com/willco-basketball/brentwood-academys-tanner-named-tennessee-gatorade-player-of-the-year/article_e63ba092-e7d2-11ee-b022-835520f268c0.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=Williamson Scene |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brentwood Academy Student-Athlete Named Gatorade Tennessee Boys Basketball Player of the Year |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/poy/assets/writable/84978/2024_BK_TTanner.pdf}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na makarantar sakandare, Tanner ya himmatu ga buga wasan kwando na kwaleji a Jami'ar Vanderbilt . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmateer |first=Tyler |title=Vanderbilt basketball signee Tyler Tanner watched loss to Presbyterian. It reaffirmed his decision |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/11/08/vanderbilt-basketball-recruiting-tyler-tanner-signing-day-after-presbyterian-loss/71476288007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon shiga na gaskiya, Tanner ya yi tasiri nan take, ya zama daya daga cikin manyan masu kare Commodores.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glennon |first=John |date=2024-11-15 |title=Vanderbilt freshman Tanner making quick transition to college game |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/sports/basketball/vanderbilt-freshman-tanner-making-quick-transition-to-college-game/article_b03b6400-a375-11ef-bc0b-63ee2d1b8aa9.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[Nashville Post]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerson |first=Aria |title=How Vanderbilt basketball's Tyler Tanner honed defensive skills with father and Darius Garland |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2025/02/21/tyler-tanner-vanderbilt-basketball-what-learned-from-darius-garland-dad-dwayne-tanner/77776850007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[The Tennessean]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa ta farko da maki 5.7, 2.2 rebounds, da 1.7 steals a kowane wasa a wasanni 33.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-14 |title=Inside Tyler Tanner's Path to a Second Year Jump for Vanderbilt Basketball |url=https://www.si.com/college/vanderbilt/basketball/inside-tyler-tanner-s-path-to-a-second-year-jump-for-vanderbilt-basketball |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Tanner ya karu a kakar wasa mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye 26 a cikin nasarar 88-69 a kan SMU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerson |first=Aria |title=How Tyler Tanner is continuing breakout season with Vanderbilt basketball |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2025/12/04/tyler-tanner-vanderbilt-basketball-smu/87513340007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[The Tennessean]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Tanner ya sami maki 19.5, 5.1 ya taimaka kuma ya sace 2.7 a kowane wasa. An kira shi zuwa Team All-SEC na farko da kuma All-Defensive Team. Bayan kakar, Tanner ya bayyana don shirin NBA na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigsby |first=Brandon |date=April 24, 2026 |title=Vanderbilt guard Tyler Tanner declares for 2026 NBA Draft; maintains college eligibility |url=https://247sports.com/college/vanderbilt/article/vanderbilt-guard-tyler-tanner-declares-for-2026-nba-draft-maintains-college-eligibility-283068680/ |access-date=May 13, 2026 |website=[[247Sports]]}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2026, Tanner ya janye daga NBA Draft kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Vanderbilt don ƙaramin lokacinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Chris |date=May 27, 2026 |title=Tyler Tanner to return to Vanderbilt after pulling name from NBA Draft |url=https://www.wsmv.com/2026/05/28/tyler-tanner-return-vanderbilt-after-pulling-name-nba-draft/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[WSMV-TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Joey |date=June 2026 |title=Exclusive: Tyler Tanner Returns Home to Vanderbilt Basketball with High Expectations |url=https://www.si.com/college/vanderbilt/basketball/exclusive-tyler-tanner-returns-home-to-vanderbilt-basketball-with-high-expectations |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{NBA player statistics legend}} === Kwaleji === {{NBA player statistics start}} |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2024–25]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2024–25 Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball team|Vanderbilt]] | 33 || 0 || 20.5 || .465 || .266 || .750 || 2.2 || 1.9 || 1.7 || .2 || 5.7 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2025–26 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2025–26]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2025–26 Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball team|Vanderbilt]] | '''36''' || '''36''' || '''33.5''' || '''.485''' || '''.368''' || '''.853''' || '''3.6''' || '''5.1''' || '''2.4''' || '''.3''' || '''19.5''' |- class="sortbottom" | style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career | 69 || 36 || 27.2 || .480 || .339 || .840 || 3.0 || 3.6 || 2.0 || .2 || 12.9 {{S-end}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Tanner ɗan D'Wayne ne da Jenifer Tanner, waɗanda dukansu suka buga wasan kwando a Jami'ar Rice. D'Wayne ya mallaki rikodin Kudancin Yamma tare da satar aiki 291 kuma shine aikin Rice kuma mai riƙe da rikodin guda (95) ya sata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Tyler Tanner |url=https://vucommodores.com/roster/tyler-tanner/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=Vanderbilt University Athletics - Official Athletics Website |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://vucommodores.com/roster/tyler-tanner/ Vanderbilt Commodores bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] aqpg2b4a5fvviyuflg3l97kjmvupdxw 889021 889018 2026-07-29T15:33:59Z Aluja 30485 889021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tyler Tanner''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2006) ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na kwalejin Amurka na Vanderbilt Commodores na Taron Kudu maso Gabas (SEC). == Rayuwa ta farko == Tanner ya halarci Kwalejin Brentwood a Brentwood, Tennessee . A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu maki 26.2, rebounds 4.4, steals 3.5, da kuma taimakawa 3.3 a kowane wasa, ana kiransa Gatorade Tennessee Boys Basketball Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Butts |first=Logan |date=2024-03-21 |title=Brentwood Academy's Tanner named Tennessee Gatorade Player of the Year |url=https://www.williamsonscene.com/willco-basketball/brentwood-academys-tanner-named-tennessee-gatorade-player-of-the-year/article_e63ba092-e7d2-11ee-b022-835520f268c0.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=Williamson Scene |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brentwood Academy Student-Athlete Named Gatorade Tennessee Boys Basketball Player of the Year |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/poy/assets/writable/84978/2024_BK_TTanner.pdf}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na makarantar sakandare, Tanner ya himmatu ga buga wasan kwando na kwaleji a Jami'ar Vanderbilt . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmateer |first=Tyler |title=Vanderbilt basketball signee Tyler Tanner watched loss to Presbyterian. It reaffirmed his decision |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/11/08/vanderbilt-basketball-recruiting-tyler-tanner-signing-day-after-presbyterian-loss/71476288007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon shiga na gaskiya, Tanner ya yi tasiri nan take, ya zama daya daga cikin manyan masu kare Commodores.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glennon |first=John |date=2024-11-15 |title=Vanderbilt freshman Tanner making quick transition to college game |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/sports/basketball/vanderbilt-freshman-tanner-making-quick-transition-to-college-game/article_b03b6400-a375-11ef-bc0b-63ee2d1b8aa9.html |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[Nashville Post]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerson |first=Aria |title=How Vanderbilt basketball's Tyler Tanner honed defensive skills with father and Darius Garland |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2025/02/21/tyler-tanner-vanderbilt-basketball-what-learned-from-darius-garland-dad-dwayne-tanner/77776850007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[The Tennessean]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa ta farko da maki 5.7, 2.2 rebounds, da 1.7 steals a kowane wasa a wasanni 33.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-14 |title=Inside Tyler Tanner's Path to a Second Year Jump for Vanderbilt Basketball |url=https://www.si.com/college/vanderbilt/basketball/inside-tyler-tanner-s-path-to-a-second-year-jump-for-vanderbilt-basketball |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Tanner ya karu a kakar wasa mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye 26 a cikin nasarar 88-69 a kan SMU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerson |first=Aria |title=How Tyler Tanner is continuing breakout season with Vanderbilt basketball |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2025/12/04/tyler-tanner-vanderbilt-basketball-smu/87513340007/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=[[The Tennessean]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, Tanner ya sami maki 19.5, 5.1 ya taimaka kuma ya sace 2.7 a kowane wasa. An kira shi zuwa Team All-SEC na farko da kuma All-Defensive Team. Bayan kakar, Tanner ya bayyana don shirin NBA na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigsby |first=Brandon |date=April 24, 2026 |title=Vanderbilt guard Tyler Tanner declares for 2026 NBA Draft; maintains college eligibility |url=https://247sports.com/college/vanderbilt/article/vanderbilt-guard-tyler-tanner-declares-for-2026-nba-draft-maintains-college-eligibility-283068680/ |access-date=May 13, 2026 |website=[[247Sports]]}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2026, Tanner ya janye daga NBA Draft kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Vanderbilt don ƙaramin lokacinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Chris |date=May 27, 2026 |title=Tyler Tanner to return to Vanderbilt after pulling name from NBA Draft |url=https://www.wsmv.com/2026/05/28/tyler-tanner-return-vanderbilt-after-pulling-name-nba-draft/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[WSMV-TV]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Joey |date=June 2026 |title=Exclusive: Tyler Tanner Returns Home to Vanderbilt Basketball with High Expectations |url=https://www.si.com/college/vanderbilt/basketball/exclusive-tyler-tanner-returns-home-to-vanderbilt-basketball-with-high-expectations |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{NBA player statistics legend}} === Kwaleji === {{NBA player statistics start}} |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2024–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2024–25]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2024–25 Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball team|Vanderbilt]] | 33 || 0 || 20.5 || .465 || .266 || .750 || 2.2 || 1.9 || 1.7 || .2 || 5.7 |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2025–26 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2025–26]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2025–26 Vanderbilt Commodores men's basketball team|Vanderbilt]] | '''36''' || '''36''' || '''33.5''' || '''.485''' || '''.368''' || '''.853''' || '''3.6''' || '''5.1''' || '''2.4''' || '''.3''' || '''19.5''' |- class="sortbottom" | style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career | 69 || 36 || 27.2 || .480 || .339 || .840 || 3.0 || 3.6 || 2.0 || .2 || 12.9 {{S-end}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Tanner ɗan D'Wayne ne da Jenifer Tanner, waɗanda dukansu suka buga wasan kwando a Jami'ar Rice. D'Wayne ya mallaki rikodin Kudancin Yamma tare da satar aiki 291 kuma shine aikin Rice kuma mai riƙe da rikodin guda (95) ya sata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Tyler Tanner |url=https://vucommodores.com/roster/tyler-tanner/ |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=Vanderbilt University Athletics - Official Athletics Website |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://vucommodores.com/roster/tyler-tanner/ Vanderbilt Commodores bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1zwfa8j6mpjs1qxvhmeevux5j3i4bt2 0 162470 889017 2026-07-29T15:33:08Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350962375|Bakri Wahab]]" 889017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bakri Wahab''' ɗan siyasan Indonesia ne, na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indonesia (PKI). Bakri Wahab ya kasance magajin garin Salatiga 1961-1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title=¤¤¤ Kota Salatiga (0298) &#124; Beknopte informatie over Salatiga Midden Java Indonesia - Info Salatiga ¤¤¤ |url=http://www.salatiga.nl/info/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164653/http://www.salatiga.nl/info/ |archive-date=2011-07-24 |access-date=2010-12-12}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Daga asalin Pekalongan, Wahab ya zama Magajin garin Salatiga a 1961, ya maye gurbin Soewandi Martosoewojo . Ya kasance memba na PKI. <ref name="BW">{{Cite web |last=Setiawan |first=Andri |title=Peristiwa G30S di Kota Salatiga |url=https://historia.id/politik/articles/peristiwa-g30s-di-kota-salatiga-DEaNx/page/3 |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=historia.id |publisher=Historia}}</ref> Bayan abin da ya faru na 30 ga Satumba, an kama Wahab a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1965, kuma ba a san makomarsa ba.[1] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen da suka ɓace ta hanyar ban mamaki: 1910-1990 == Manazarta == hekdbrlkq4jy4djqw9dgywexdzmpfsi 889019 889017 2026-07-29T15:33:31Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Saka akwatyn bayanai 889019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bakri Wahab''' ɗan siyasan Indonesia ne, na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indonesia (PKI). Bakri Wahab ya kasance magajin garin Salatiga 1961-1966.<ref>{{Cite web |title=¤¤¤ Kota Salatiga (0298) &#124; Beknopte informatie over Salatiga Midden Java Indonesia - Info Salatiga ¤¤¤ |url=http://www.salatiga.nl/info/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164653/http://www.salatiga.nl/info/ |archive-date=2011-07-24 |access-date=2010-12-12}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Daga asalin Pekalongan, Wahab ya zama Magajin garin Salatiga a 1961, ya maye gurbin Soewandi Martosoewojo . Ya kasance memba na PKI. <ref name="BW">{{Cite web |last=Setiawan |first=Andri |title=Peristiwa G30S di Kota Salatiga |url=https://historia.id/politik/articles/peristiwa-g30s-di-kota-salatiga-DEaNx/page/3 |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=historia.id |publisher=Historia}}</ref> Bayan abin da ya faru na 30 ga Satumba, an kama Wahab a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1965, kuma ba a san makomarsa ba.[1] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen da suka ɓace ta hanyar ban mamaki: 1910-1990 == Manazarta == cafzvz18jhte43751batamx7ptmvw3p 0 162471 889077 2026-07-29T16:32:13Z DaSupremo 9834 DaSupremo moved page [[Gwaje-gwaje]] to [[Essaouira]]: Misspelled title 889077 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Essaouira]] 1yqyxtwbf3xb7t197xdb15j48fgk4ti 0 162472 889080 2026-07-29T17:09:14Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365927528|MAD Solutions]]" 889080 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]]. MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs. == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOyeleye2023">Oyeleye, Isaac (14 February 2023). [https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ "M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution"]. ''[[TheNEWS Magazine]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} i3o79e552oig8zijtvycn5pu0twifym 889081 889080 2026-07-29T17:09:41Z Aluja 30485 889081 wikitext text/x-wiki Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]]. MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs. == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOyeleye2023">Oyeleye, Isaac (14 February 2023). [https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ "M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution"]. ''[[TheNEWS Magazine]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} k5cptf80n2cssxm7z7nl63w89t80rhn 889083 889081 2026-07-29T17:10:22Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 889083 wikitext text/x-wiki Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]]. MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs. == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOyeleye2023">Oyeleye, Isaac (14 February 2023). [https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ "M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution"]. ''[[TheNEWS Magazine]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss .<ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Ibrahim/><ref>{{Cite news|title= The Revolutionary Role of Music Distribution|first=Jerry|last=Emmanson|url=https://leadership.ng/the-revolutionary-role-of-music-distribution/|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mk0jxe1duangaxasbxrj235of9naeaa 889085 889083 2026-07-29T17:10:52Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 889085 wikitext text/x-wiki Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]]. MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs. == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss .<ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Ibrahim/><ref>{{Cite news|title= The Revolutionary Role of Music Distribution|first=Jerry|last=Emmanson|url=https://leadership.ng/the-revolutionary-role-of-music-distribution/|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8j2r6cn23wtvtdcssc1qf1v54y7losx 889086 889085 2026-07-29T17:11:44Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 889086 wikitext text/x-wiki Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]]. MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs. == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref><ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Isaac>{{Cite web|title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution|date=14 February 2023|first=Isaac|last=Oyeleye|url= https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/|website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss .<ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Ibrahim/><ref>{{Cite news|title= The Revolutionary Role of Music Distribution|first=Jerry|last=Emmanson|url=https://leadership.ng/the-revolutionary-role-of-music-distribution/|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2mvxo7yjc33dadt6r6g8funv9vvn5q7 889088 889086 2026-07-29T17:12:49Z Aluja 30485 /* Tarihi */ 889088 wikitext text/x-wiki Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref name=Ibrahim>{{Cite news|title= The state of music distribution in Nigeria|date=24 January 2024|url= https://tribuneonlineng.com/the-state-of-music-distribution-in-nigeria/|first=Ibrahim|last=Babatunde|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs. == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref><ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Isaac>{{Cite web|title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution|date=14 February 2023|first=Isaac|last=Oyeleye|url= https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/|website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss .<ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Ibrahim/><ref>{{Cite news|title= The Revolutionary Role of Music Distribution|first=Jerry|last=Emmanson|url=https://leadership.ng/the-revolutionary-role-of-music-distribution/|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t4sf2fhhasallws7n6775zb8g5dkewp 889089 889088 2026-07-29T17:13:09Z Aluja 30485 889089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref name=Ibrahim>{{Cite news|title= The state of music distribution in Nigeria|date=24 January 2024|url= https://tribuneonlineng.com/the-state-of-music-distribution-in-nigeria/|first=Ibrahim|last=Babatunde|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs. == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref><ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Isaac>{{Cite web|title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution|date=14 February 2023|first=Isaac|last=Oyeleye|url= https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/|website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss .<ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Ibrahim/><ref>{{Cite news|title= The Revolutionary Role of Music Distribution|first=Jerry|last=Emmanson|url=https://leadership.ng/the-revolutionary-role-of-music-distribution/|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b9qpx86d5a3nllz5tyuz0i74cib74xm 889090 889089 2026-07-29T17:14:01Z Aluja 30485 /* Tarihi */ 889090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref name=Ibrahim>{{Cite news|title= The state of music distribution in Nigeria|date=24 January 2024|url= https://tribuneonlineng.com/the-state-of-music-distribution-in-nigeria/|first=Ibrahim|last=Babatunde|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs.<ref name=Iyanu/><ref>{{Cite news|url= https://dailytimesng.com/the-unsung-heroes-of-afrobeats-evolution/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Unsung Heroes of Afrobeats Evolution|date=24 August 2022|first=Peace|last=Fayose|newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref><ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Isaac>{{Cite web|title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution|date=14 February 2023|first=Isaac|last=Oyeleye|url= https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/|website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss .<ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Ibrahim/><ref>{{Cite news|title= The Revolutionary Role of Music Distribution|first=Jerry|last=Emmanson|url=https://leadership.ng/the-revolutionary-role-of-music-distribution/|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 23vx2ceizbiefmmvrj2mtrxlw4nsa0y 889091 889090 2026-07-29T17:15:10Z Aluja 30485 /* Tarihi */ 889091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref name=Ibrahim>{{Cite news|title= The state of music distribution in Nigeria|date=24 January 2024|url= https://tribuneonlineng.com/the-state-of-music-distribution-in-nigeria/|first=Ibrahim|last=Babatunde|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref name=Luqman>{{Cite news|first=Aisha|last=Luqman|title=Bugwu Aneto-Okeke's impactful stride in music business|url= https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/10/24/bugwu-aneto-okekes-impactful-stride-in-music-business/|date=24 October 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs.<ref name=Iyanu/><ref>{{Cite news|url= https://dailytimesng.com/the-unsung-heroes-of-afrobeats-evolution/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Unsung Heroes of Afrobeats Evolution|date=24 August 2022|first=Peace|last=Fayose|newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref><ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Isaac>{{Cite web|title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution|date=14 February 2023|first=Isaac|last=Oyeleye|url= https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/|website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss .<ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Ibrahim/><ref>{{Cite news|title= The Revolutionary Role of Music Distribution|first=Jerry|last=Emmanson|url=https://leadership.ng/the-revolutionary-role-of-music-distribution/|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 26ke2yl36qcyvt0jbtrfp21cx6ppr5l 889093 889091 2026-07-29T17:17:23Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyuka */ 889093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (yi kasuwanci a matsayin M.A.D Solutions) kamfani ne na rarraba kiɗa na Najeriya wanda Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ya kafa a shekarar 2017. == Tarihi == Bugwu Aneto-Okeke ne ya kafa M.A.D Solutions a watan Mayu 2017 a Legas kuma ya fara ta hanyar tabbatar da yarjejeniyar lasisi tare da Apple Music da [[YouTube]]. Aneto-Okeke daga nan ya haɗu da Merlin don bincika ƙarin haƙƙin lasisi. A cikin 2021, an tura hedkwatar zuwa [[Houston]], [[Texas]].<ref name=Ibrahim>{{Cite news|title= The state of music distribution in Nigeria|date=24 January 2024|url= https://tribuneonlineng.com/the-state-of-music-distribution-in-nigeria/|first=Ibrahim|last=Babatunde|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> MAD Solutions tana rarraba abun ciki ta amfani da masu ba da sabis na dijital (DSPs) kamar Spotify, [[Boomplay Music|Boomplay]], Ayoba, Audiomack, Triller, da [[TikTok]].<ref name=Luqman>{{Cite news|first=Aisha|last=Luqman|title=Bugwu Aneto-Okeke's impactful stride in music business|url= https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/10/24/bugwu-aneto-okekes-impactful-stride-in-music-business/|date=24 October 2024|newspaper=[[This Day]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2024 |title=M.A.D Solutions inks licensing deal with TikTok |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mad-solutions-inks-licensing-deal-tiktok |access-date=15 January 2025 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023 M.A.D. Solutions ya tara koguna sama da biliyan 9 a duk faɗin DSPs.<ref name=Iyanu/><ref>{{Cite news|url= https://dailytimesng.com/the-unsung-heroes-of-afrobeats-evolution/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Unsung Heroes of Afrobeats Evolution|date=24 August 2022|first=Peace|last=Fayose|newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> == Ayyuka == MAD Solutions tana rarraba abubuwan sauti da bidiyo a cikin sabis na rarraba sama da 45 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref><ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Isaac>{{Cite web|title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution|date=14 February 2023|first=Isaac|last=Oyeleye|url= https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/|website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> Ta hanyar ENGAGE, lakabin rikodin da kuma reshe na MAD Solutions, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Chordcash da Artsplit, MAD Solutions yana bawa magoya baya damar tallafawa mai zane. <ref name=Iyanu>{{Cite news|title=Top five music distribution channels in Nigeria|first=Awolamo|last=lyanu|date=24 February 2023|url= https://guardian.ng/news/top-five-music-distribution-channels-in-nigeria/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref>Shiga a matsayin lakabin rikodin da mai ba da gudummawa yana ba da sabis na lakabi 360 ga mai zane.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite web |last=Oyeleye |first=Isaac |date=14 February 2023 |title=M.A.D Solutions: Beyond Music Distribution |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/02/14/m-a-d-solutions-beyond-music-distribution/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[TheNEWS Magazine]]}}</ref> M.A.D Solutions tana rarraba kiɗa ga masu fasahar Afrobeats kamar su Runtown, Phyno, Flavour, Ric Hassani, [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] da masu fasahar bisharar Najeriya kamar su Mercy Chinwo da Moses Bliss .<ref name=Luqman/><ref name=Ibrahim/><ref>{{Cite news|title= The Revolutionary Role of Music Distribution|first=Jerry|last=Emmanson|url=https://leadership.ng/the-revolutionary-role-of-music-distribution/|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 44svh27rxmstkk1ftxetj9bla4ftgal 0 162473 889082 2026-07-29T17:10:12Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326259753|Dialogue education]]" 889082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tattaunawa Ilimi''' wata hanyar ilimi ce da aka fi sani da ita ga ilimin manya wadda malamar makaranta kuma 'yar kasuwa Jane Vella ta fara bayyana a shekarun 1980. Wannan hanyar ilimi wani samfurin kasuwanci ne na mallakar kamfani mai suna Global Learning Partners <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Our Approach |url=https://www.globallearningpartners.com/our-approach/ |access-date=May 20, 2020 |publisher=Global Learning Partners}}</ref> wanda ke Vermont ya ba da lasisi wanda ya dogara da ka'idoji daban-daban na koyo na manya, ciki har da na Paulo Freire, Kurt Lewin, Malcolm Knowles da Benjamin Bloom (Global Learning Partners, 2006b; Vella, 2004). Haɗa waɗannan ka'idoji ne zuwa ƙa'idodi da ayyuka waɗanda za a iya amfani da su ta hanya ta musamman wajen koyo ƙira da sauƙaƙewa. Ilimi game da Tattaunawa wani nau'i ne na [[Constructivism (falsafar ilimi)|Tsarin Ginawa]] kuma yana iya zama hanya don ilmantarwa mai canzawa, (Vella, 2004). Tattaunawa Ilimi yana mayar da hankali kan ilimi daga abin da malami ya faɗa zuwa abin da ɗalibi yake yi, daga rashin son mai koyo zuwa ga masu koyo a matsayin masu shiga cikin tattaunawar da ke haifar da koyo (Global Learning Partners, 2006c). Tsarin tattaunawa kan ilimi yana ɗaukar ɗalibai a matsayin waɗanda ke cikin iliminsu kuma yana girmama manyan ƙa'idodi kamar girmama juna da sadarwa a buɗe (Vella, 2002). Ana gayyatar ɗalibai su shiga cikin abubuwan da ake koya maimakon dogaro da malami don koyo. Ana gabatar da ra'ayoyi ga ɗalibai a matsayin tambayoyi a buɗe don a yi tunani a kansu kuma a haɗa su cikin mahallin ɗalibin (Vella, 2004). Manufar ita ce wannan zai haifar da ƙarin koyo mai ma'ana wanda ke shafar ɗabi'a. A cikin tsarin Ilimi na Tattaunawa, ana amfani da ra'ayin tattaunawa sabanin tsarin tattaunawa na yau da kullun da ake gani a cikin ilimin manya na gargajiya, inda malamai ke gabatar da bayanai ga ɗaliban da suka sami bayanai ba tare da sun yi amfani da shi ba. An yi wa wannan lakabi da "tsarin banki" ga ilimi ta Paulo Freire a cikin littafinsa na 1970 mai suna Pedagogy of the Oppressed . A cewar Freire, hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita wajen koyar da manya tana ɗaukar ɗalibai a matsayin kwalaye marasa komai da malamai za su iya saka bayanai a ciki (Vella, 2004). Freire da sauransu sun fahimci buƙatar yin garambawul a cikin ayyukan ilimin manya, musamman dangane da daidaito a cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin manyan ɗalibai da malamai (Vella, 2004). Saboda tasirin waɗannan masu ra'ayin ka'ida, Vella ta fara ƙirƙirar tsarin ƙa'idodi da ayyuka don fassara ka'idar zuwa aiki da sakamako. Ta fara amfani da dabarun Ilimin Tattaunawa a cikin koyarwarta a shekarun 1970 kuma an ƙara haɓaka waɗannan zuwa tsarin tsari yayin da take kammala digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst . A wannan lokacin, ta sanya wa hanyarta ta ilimi mai farin jini suna bayan tsarin Freire (Global Learning Partners, 2006a,b; Vella, 2004). Tsarin Ilimin Tattaunawa ya ƙara ci gaba yayin da Vella ta ƙirƙiri kamfanin horarwa nata Jubilee Popular Education Centre, wanda yanzu ake kira [http://www.globalearning.com/ Global Learning Partners], a shekarar 1981. Ta hanyar wannan ƙungiya, sama da ɗalibai 3,500 daga ƙasashe 60 sun kammala tarurrukan bita kan hanyar tattaunawa don tsara koyo da kuma sauƙaƙewa. An kuma yi amfani da wannan hanyar don gudanar da kimantawar koyo, kimantawar koyo da tsara da kuma sauƙaƙe tarurruka ( [http://www.globalearning.com/ Global Learning Partners, 2006d] ). Manufofin Ilimi na Tattaunawa suna ci gaba da bunkasa yayin da Vella, abokan hulɗarta da kuma ɗaliban wannan hanyar ke samun ƙarin fahimtar yadda za a yi amfani da ka'idar koyo ta manya don samun sakamako mai tasiri. == Tsarin Ilimi na Tattaunawa == Ka'idoji da ayyukan Ilimi na Tattaunawa suna wakiltar wata hanya ta musamman ta haɗa ka'idar ilmantarwa ta manya cikin tsara da aiwatar da abubuwan ilmantarwa (Global Learning Partners 2006c). Duk da cewa an lura da fiye da hamsin daga cikin waɗannan (Vella 1995, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004; Global Learning Partners, 2006c), an tsara babban tsarin a cikin littafinta na baya-bayan nan kuma an shimfida shi kuma an ɗan faɗaɗa shi kaɗan a ƙasa (Vella, 2007). === Manyan Ka'idoji === * '''Tattaunawa''' - Wannan babban ƙa'idar Tattaunawa Ilimi ya sanya tattaunawa a matsayin hanyar samun sakamakon koyo, maimakon a matsayin ƙarshen kansa. Ka'idar ta ɗauka cewa kowane babba yana da isasshen gogewa ta rayuwa don yin magana da kowane malami kan kowane fanni '''''kuma''''' ɗalibai za su fi koyo idan abun ciki ya shafi ƙwarewarsu. Saboda haka, tattaunawa ta hanyoyi biyu, a bude take ya kamata ta zama wani bangare na dukkan ayyukan ilmantarwa. * '''Masu Koyo a Matsayin Masu Zaɓe ko Masu Zaɓe''' - Dole ne a ɗauki ɗalibai a matsayin waɗanda ke aiki bisa ga abubuwan da aka rubuta maimakon abubuwan da za a yi musu ko kuma waɗanda za su karɓi abubuwan da aka rubuta. Ana iya nuna wannan ƙa'ida ta hanyar bin jagorar: : ''"Kada ka taɓa yin abin da mai koyo zai iya yi; kada ka taɓa yanke shawara kan abin da mai koyo zai iya yankewa."'' (Vella, 2002:16). * '''Manufofin da suka dogara da nasara''' - Manufofin da suka dogara da nasara, suna bayyana abin da ɗalibai za su yi da abubuwan da ke ciki ( ''Menene'' ) ta hanyar da za a iya gani. An bayyana manufofin ta amfani da fi'ilai na aiki bisa ga tsarin Bloom na manufofin ilimi . * '''Ayyukan Koyo''' - An tsara ayyukan koyo a matsayin tambayoyi a buɗe (watau tambayoyi ba tare da saitin amsa ba, "dama") da ake yi wa ɗalibai, ana gayyatarsu su yi mu'amala da abubuwan da ke ciki ta wata hanya kuma suna haifar da tattaunawa a buɗe tsakanin ɗalibi da malami da kuma tsakanin ɗalibai. Waɗannan ayyuka suna ƙayyade yadda ɗalibai za su cimma manufofin ( ''Menene'' ) waɗanda ke taimaka musu su koyi abubuwan da ake buƙata ( ''Menene'' ) domin cimma manufar da aka tsara ( ''Me yasa'' ). === Tsarin gine-gine === 1. ''Bukatun Koyo da Kimanta Albarkatu (LNRA)'' Don gano ilimin da ƙwarewar ɗalibai a yanzu da kuma taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙarin manufofi. 2. ''Matakai Bakwai na Zane'' - A cikin tsara ayyukan ilmantarwa, masu ilimi suna neman amsa tambayoyin dalla-dalla gwargwadon iko: ## '''''Su wanene''''' - masu koyo, masu ilimi, da sauran mahalarta? ## '''''Me yasa''''' - yanayin da ke buƙatar ilmantarwa, musamman ma dangane da dalilin da yasa ɗalibai ke son kasancewa a wurin. ## '''''Yaushe''''' - za a fara koyon (lokacin da jimillar lokacin da ake da shi)? ## '''''A ina''''' - za a gudanar da koyo (wuri, tsari, da sauransu)? ## '''''Menene''''' takamaiman abun ciki (Ilimi, Kwarewa da Halaye) za a rufe don magance ''Me yasa'' ? ## '''''Me ake yi''''' - Yana Bayyana Manufofin da aka Tushen Nasara (ABOs) ga kowane ɓangare na Abubuwan da ke Ciki ## '''''Ta yaya''''' - Tsarin (ayyukan koyo) wanda ɗalibai ke hulɗa da ''Abin'' da za su haɗu da kowane ABO ( ''Me Yake Domin'' ). : Ta hanyar amsa waɗannan tambayoyin dalla-dalla da kuma tabbatar da daidaito a ko'ina, za a iya shirya tsari mai ƙarfi da alhaki. 3. ''Ayyukan Koyo (Ta yaya?)'' - yi aiki ta hanyar amfani da fi'ilai masu aiki don jawo hankalin mai koyo da kuma yin aiki a cikin ƙwarewa a cikin ilimi, ƙwarewa, da halaye (ɗaikun mutane da ƙungiyoyi). Wannan yana haifar da ci gaban nau'ikan '''I''' guda huɗu. * '''Jerin abubuwa huɗu na I''' - Jerin abubuwa guda ɗaya masu taimako musamman ga aikin koyo ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: '''''Aikin''''' da ke ba wa ɗalibi damar yin tunani a kan abin da ya fuskanta a baya, '''''Shigarwa''''' wanda ke ba da wasu sabbin bayanai ga ɗalibi ya yi la'akari da su, '''''Aiwatarwa''''' wanda ke gayyatar ɗalibi ya yi amfani da wannan sabon bayanin kuma a ƙarshe, '''''Haɗin kai''''' don dawo da sabon fahimtar cikin mahallin ɗalibi. 4. ''Ka'idoji da ayyuka'' a kowane mataki: * '''Bukatun koyo da kimanta albarkatu''' - Masu koyo suna buƙatar shiga cikin tsara abin da za a koya. Gudanar da LNRA, yana bawa malami damar fara kwaikwayon tattaunawar da ɗalibai wanda zai ci gaba a lokacin taron ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar za a iya inganta ta saboda an fahimci ta ta hanyar jigogi na ɗalibai da kuma fahimtar abin da ke da ma'ana a gare su. * '''Tsaro''' - Dole ne ɗalibai su ji daɗin aminci domin su yi mu'amala da sauran ɗalibai, malamai da abubuwan da ke ciki. Yanayin da tsarin ilmantarwa dole ne ya samar da yanayi mai aminci ga ɗalibai. Kalubale har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don koyo ya faru, amma tare da alƙawarin tallafi, ƙarfafawa da kuma samar da dukkan kayan aikin (ƙwarewa, ilimi da iyawa) da ake buƙata don yin aikin, ɗalibai za su iya jin shirye su ɗauki wannan ƙalubalen. * '''Dangantaka Mai Kyau''' - Wannan ya ƙunshi girmamawa da sha'awar ra'ayoyin duk waɗanda ke cikin tsarin ilmantarwa kuma an kafa shi ne bisa ga mutum ɗaya. Ya dogara ne akan lafiyar mutumin da ke cikin matsayin malami. * '''Jerin Ayyuka da Ƙarfafawa''' - Ayyukan jerin ayyuka suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da aminci da nasara ga ɗalibi wajen kammala ayyuka ta hanyar ginawa daga ƙanana zuwa babba, mai sauƙi zuwa rikitarwa, mai zaman kansa ga mutane da yawa kuma wanda aka saba da shi zuwa wanda ba a saba ba. Idan ɗalibai suka ci gaba da mu'amala da abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma jan hankali, ilmantarwa za ta ƙara ƙarfi. * '''Praxis''' - Dole ne ɗalibai su sami damar yin aiki a kan abubuwan da ke ciki sannan su yi tunani a kan ayyukansu domin su yanke shawara sannan su sami ƙarin damar yin aiki a sake. Ana iya cimma wannan ta hanyar amfani da bincike da kuma [[wiktionary:synthesis|hadawa]] . Bincike - raba bayanai ko yanayi da kuma haɗa su - sake haɗa su duka suna da mahimmanci don koyo ya faru. * '''Girmamawa''' - Ana ganinsa ta hanyar ƙoƙarin da dukkan mahalarta ke yi a cikin ƙoƙarin ilmantarwa. Malamin da ke cikin shiri da tsara tsarin ilmantarwa da kuma ɗaliban da ke cikin himma da ƙoƙarin sun nuna koma baya. * '''Ra'ayoyi, Ji, Ayyuka''' - Domin samun ingantaccen koyo, ra'ayoyi (fahimta), ji (ƙauna) da ayyuka (mai motsa jiki) duk suna buƙatar shiga cikin ayyukan ilmantarwa. * '''Dacewa da Gaggawa''' - Abubuwan da ke ciki suna buƙatar su zama masu amfani nan take, masu amfani kuma masu ma'ana (masu dacewa) ga mahallin mai koyo domin ilmantarwa ta faru. * '''Ayyukan da suka bayyana karara''' - Dole ne ɗalibai su ga daidaito tsakanin malami da ɗalibai da kuma tsakanin ɗalibai. Malamai za su iya tallafawa wannan ta hanyar nuna sauraro da kyau, nuna sha'awar ɗaliban da kuma nuna tawali'u. * '''Aiki tare da Ƙananan Ƙungiyoyi''' - Amfani da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi aiki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimin tattaunawa domin yana ƙirƙirar yanayi mai aminci ga ɗalibai don samun muryarsu, yana nuna yanayin rayuwa na haɗin gwiwa kuma yana ba da damar jagoranci na takwarorinsu wanda zai iya haɓaka koyo. * '''Hulɗa''' - Ɗalibai suna da hannu wajen yin ka'ida kan kowane fanni kuma dole ne masu ilimi su yi amfani da ayyukan fahimta, motsin rai da kuma motsa jiki don jawo hankalin ɗalibai a cikin wannan tsari. Idan ɗalibai suka shiga harkar ilimi, suna dagewa kan tsarin ilmantarwa. * '''Hakkin mallaka''' - Hakkin mallaka yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ƙa'idodi a cikin ilimin manya. Dole ne malamai su kasance masu alhakin ga ɗalibai ta hanyar tsara koyo da kuma sauƙaƙe musu, kuma dole ne ɗalibai su kasance masu alhakin ga malami, junansu da kansu ta hanyar ayyukansu. 5. ''Manuniyar Kimantawa'' * '''Koyo''' - Shine "ƙarshen komai. Koyo shine abin da ke faruwa a lokacin taron, kuma an tsara manufofi bisa ga nasara don tabbatar da hakan" (Vella, 2007, 217). * '''Canja wurin''' - Amfani da sabon kayan da aka koya "a cikin sabon yanayi, bayan taron koyo. Alamomin canja wurin shaida ce ta halayya da ke nuna cewa an sami koyo ta hanyar fahimta, motsin rai, ko kuma ta hanyar motsa jiki" (219). * '''Tasiri''' - Shine "bambanci ko canjin da ke faruwa a cikin mutum ko ƙungiya a matsayin aikin taron ilmantarwa ko jerin abubuwan ilmantarwa" (216). Duk da cewa babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ra'ayoyin da ba su da sabon abu a cikin ka'idar koyon manya, gudunmawar da Ilimi na Tattaunawa ke bayarwa ita ce tsarin da aka tsara sosai wanda aka ƙirƙiro don aiwatar da sanannen ka'idar koyon manya ta hanya mai ma'ana (Global Learning Partners, 2006c). Ka'idar koyo ta manya an fahimce ta sosai, duk da haka, ana amfani da ita ba tare da yawan amfani da ita ba a aikace. Tsarin Ilimi na Tattaunawa, saboda yana bayar da ƙa'idodi da ayyuka na musamman da aka gina da kyau, yana buƙatar daidaito tsakanin ka'ida, ƙira da aiwatarwa. Irin wannan daidaito yana haifar da ingantaccen koyo da kuma canjin hali (Vella, 2004). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t216fz96wx80kzbtx5inho1p0qiemgm 889084 889082 2026-07-29T17:10:50Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tattaunawa Ilimi''' wata hanyar ilimi ce da aka fi sani da ita ga ilimin manya wadda malamar makaranta kuma 'yar kasuwa Jane Vella ta fara bayyana a shekarun 1980. Wannan hanyar ilimi wani samfurin kasuwanci ne na mallakar kamfani mai suna Global Learning Partners <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Our Approach |url=https://www.globallearningpartners.com/our-approach/ |access-date=May 20, 2020 |publisher=Global Learning Partners}}</ref> wanda ke Vermont ya ba da lasisi wanda ya dogara da ka'idoji daban-daban na koyo na manya, ciki har da na Paulo Freire, Kurt Lewin, Malcolm Knowles da Benjamin Bloom (Global Learning Partners, 2006b; Vella, 2004). Haɗa waɗannan ka'idoji ne zuwa ƙa'idodi da ayyuka waɗanda za a iya amfani da su ta hanya ta musamman wajen koyo ƙira da sauƙaƙewa. Ilimi game da Tattaunawa wani nau'i ne na [[Constructivism (falsafar ilimi)|Tsarin Ginawa]] kuma yana iya zama hanya don ilmantarwa mai canzawa, (Vella, 2004). Tattaunawa Ilimi yana mayar da hankali kan ilimi daga abin da malami ya faɗa zuwa abin da ɗalibi yake yi, daga rashin son mai koyo zuwa ga masu koyo a matsayin masu shiga cikin tattaunawar da ke haifar da koyo (Global Learning Partners, 2006c). Tsarin tattaunawa kan ilimi yana ɗaukar ɗalibai a matsayin waɗanda ke cikin iliminsu kuma yana girmama manyan ƙa'idodi kamar girmama juna da sadarwa a buɗe (Vella, 2002). Ana gayyatar ɗalibai su shiga cikin abubuwan da ake koya maimakon dogaro da malami don koyo. Ana gabatar da ra'ayoyi ga ɗalibai a matsayin tambayoyi a buɗe don a yi tunani a kansu kuma a haɗa su cikin mahallin ɗalibin (Vella, 2004). Manufar ita ce wannan zai haifar da ƙarin koyo mai ma'ana wanda ke shafar ɗabi'a. A cikin tsarin Ilimi na Tattaunawa, ana amfani da ra'ayin tattaunawa sabanin tsarin tattaunawa na yau da kullun da ake gani a cikin ilimin manya na gargajiya, inda malamai ke gabatar da bayanai ga ɗaliban da suka sami bayanai ba tare da sun yi amfani da shi ba. An yi wa wannan lakabi da "tsarin banki" ga ilimi ta Paulo Freire a cikin littafinsa na 1970 mai suna Pedagogy of the Oppressed . A cewar Freire, hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita wajen koyar da manya tana ɗaukar ɗalibai a matsayin kwalaye marasa komai da malamai za su iya saka bayanai a ciki (Vella, 2004). Freire da sauransu sun fahimci buƙatar yin garambawul a cikin ayyukan ilimin manya, musamman dangane da daidaito a cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin manyan ɗalibai da malamai (Vella, 2004). Saboda tasirin waɗannan masu ra'ayin ka'ida, Vella ta fara ƙirƙirar tsarin ƙa'idodi da ayyuka don fassara ka'idar zuwa aiki da sakamako. Ta fara amfani da dabarun Ilimin Tattaunawa a cikin koyarwarta a shekarun 1970 kuma an ƙara haɓaka waɗannan zuwa tsarin tsari yayin da take kammala digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst . A wannan lokacin, ta sanya wa hanyarta ta ilimi mai farin jini suna bayan tsarin Freire (Global Learning Partners, 2006a,b; Vella, 2004). Tsarin Ilimin Tattaunawa ya ƙara ci gaba yayin da Vella ta ƙirƙiri kamfanin horarwa nata Jubilee Popular Education Centre, wanda yanzu ake kira [http://www.globalearning.com/ Global Learning Partners], a shekarar 1981. Ta hanyar wannan ƙungiya, sama da ɗalibai 3,500 daga ƙasashe 60 sun kammala tarurrukan bita kan hanyar tattaunawa don tsara koyo da kuma sauƙaƙewa. An kuma yi amfani da wannan hanyar don gudanar da kimantawar koyo, kimantawar koyo da tsara da kuma sauƙaƙe tarurruka ( [http://www.globalearning.com/ Global Learning Partners, 2006d] ). Manufofin Ilimi na Tattaunawa suna ci gaba da bunkasa yayin da Vella, abokan hulɗarta da kuma ɗaliban wannan hanyar ke samun ƙarin fahimtar yadda za a yi amfani da ka'idar koyo ta manya don samun sakamako mai tasiri. == Tsarin Ilimi na Tattaunawa == Ka'idoji da ayyukan Ilimi na Tattaunawa suna wakiltar wata hanya ta musamman ta haɗa ka'idar ilmantarwa ta manya cikin tsara da aiwatar da abubuwan ilmantarwa (Global Learning Partners 2006c). Duk da cewa an lura da fiye da hamsin daga cikin waɗannan (Vella 1995, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004; Global Learning Partners, 2006c), an tsara babban tsarin a cikin littafinta na baya-bayan nan kuma an shimfida shi kuma an ɗan faɗaɗa shi kaɗan a ƙasa (Vella, 2007). === Manyan Ka'idoji === * '''Tattaunawa''' - Wannan babban ƙa'idar Tattaunawa Ilimi ya sanya tattaunawa a matsayin hanyar samun sakamakon koyo, maimakon a matsayin ƙarshen kansa. Ka'idar ta ɗauka cewa kowane babba yana da isasshen gogewa ta rayuwa don yin magana da kowane malami kan kowane fanni '''''kuma''''' ɗalibai za su fi koyo idan abun ciki ya shafi ƙwarewarsu. Saboda haka, tattaunawa ta hanyoyi biyu, a bude take ya kamata ta zama wani bangare na dukkan ayyukan ilmantarwa. * '''Masu Koyo a Matsayin Masu Zaɓe ko Masu Zaɓe''' - Dole ne a ɗauki ɗalibai a matsayin waɗanda ke aiki bisa ga abubuwan da aka rubuta maimakon abubuwan da za a yi musu ko kuma waɗanda za su karɓi abubuwan da aka rubuta. Ana iya nuna wannan ƙa'ida ta hanyar bin jagorar: : ''"Kada ka taɓa yin abin da mai koyo zai iya yi; kada ka taɓa yanke shawara kan abin da mai koyo zai iya yankewa."'' (Vella, 2002:16). * '''Manufofin da suka dogara da nasara''' - Manufofin da suka dogara da nasara, suna bayyana abin da ɗalibai za su yi da abubuwan da ke ciki ( ''Menene'' ) ta hanyar da za a iya gani. An bayyana manufofin ta amfani da fi'ilai na aiki bisa ga tsarin Bloom na manufofin ilimi . * '''Ayyukan Koyo''' - An tsara ayyukan koyo a matsayin tambayoyi a buɗe (watau tambayoyi ba tare da saitin amsa ba, "dama") da ake yi wa ɗalibai, ana gayyatarsu su yi mu'amala da abubuwan da ke ciki ta wata hanya kuma suna haifar da tattaunawa a buɗe tsakanin ɗalibi da malami da kuma tsakanin ɗalibai. Waɗannan ayyuka suna ƙayyade yadda ɗalibai za su cimma manufofin ( ''Menene'' ) waɗanda ke taimaka musu su koyi abubuwan da ake buƙata ( ''Menene'' ) domin cimma manufar da aka tsara ( ''Me yasa'' ). === Tsarin gine-gine === 1. ''Bukatun Koyo da Kimanta Albarkatu (LNRA)'' Don gano ilimin da ƙwarewar ɗalibai a yanzu da kuma taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙarin manufofi. 2. ''Matakai Bakwai na Zane'' - A cikin tsara ayyukan ilmantarwa, masu ilimi suna neman amsa tambayoyin dalla-dalla gwargwadon iko: ## '''''Su wanene''''' - masu koyo, masu ilimi, da sauran mahalarta? ## '''''Me yasa''''' - yanayin da ke buƙatar ilmantarwa, musamman ma dangane da dalilin da yasa ɗalibai ke son kasancewa a wurin. ## '''''Yaushe''''' - za a fara koyon (lokacin da jimillar lokacin da ake da shi)? ## '''''A ina''''' - za a gudanar da koyo (wuri, tsari, da sauransu)? ## '''''Menene''''' takamaiman abun ciki (Ilimi, Kwarewa da Halaye) za a rufe don magance ''Me yasa'' ? ## '''''Me ake yi''''' - Yana Bayyana Manufofin da aka Tushen Nasara (ABOs) ga kowane ɓangare na Abubuwan da ke Ciki ## '''''Ta yaya''''' - Tsarin (ayyukan koyo) wanda ɗalibai ke hulɗa da ''Abin'' da za su haɗu da kowane ABO ( ''Me Yake Domin'' ). : Ta hanyar amsa waɗannan tambayoyin dalla-dalla da kuma tabbatar da daidaito a ko'ina, za a iya shirya tsari mai ƙarfi da alhaki. 3. ''Ayyukan Koyo (Ta yaya?)'' - yi aiki ta hanyar amfani da fi'ilai masu aiki don jawo hankalin mai koyo da kuma yin aiki a cikin ƙwarewa a cikin ilimi, ƙwarewa, da halaye (ɗaikun mutane da ƙungiyoyi). Wannan yana haifar da ci gaban nau'ikan '''I''' guda huɗu. * '''Jerin abubuwa huɗu na I''' - Jerin abubuwa guda ɗaya masu taimako musamman ga aikin koyo ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: '''''Aikin''''' da ke ba wa ɗalibi damar yin tunani a kan abin da ya fuskanta a baya, '''''Shigarwa''''' wanda ke ba da wasu sabbin bayanai ga ɗalibi ya yi la'akari da su, '''''Aiwatarwa''''' wanda ke gayyatar ɗalibi ya yi amfani da wannan sabon bayanin kuma a ƙarshe, '''''Haɗin kai''''' don dawo da sabon fahimtar cikin mahallin ɗalibi. 4. ''Ka'idoji da ayyuka'' a kowane mataki: * '''Bukatun koyo da kimanta albarkatu''' - Masu koyo suna buƙatar shiga cikin tsara abin da za a koya. Gudanar da LNRA, yana bawa malami damar fara kwaikwayon tattaunawar da ɗalibai wanda zai ci gaba a lokacin taron ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar za a iya inganta ta saboda an fahimci ta ta hanyar jigogi na ɗalibai da kuma fahimtar abin da ke da ma'ana a gare su. * '''Tsaro''' - Dole ne ɗalibai su ji daɗin aminci domin su yi mu'amala da sauran ɗalibai, malamai da abubuwan da ke ciki. Yanayin da tsarin ilmantarwa dole ne ya samar da yanayi mai aminci ga ɗalibai. Kalubale har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don koyo ya faru, amma tare da alƙawarin tallafi, ƙarfafawa da kuma samar da dukkan kayan aikin (ƙwarewa, ilimi da iyawa) da ake buƙata don yin aikin, ɗalibai za su iya jin shirye su ɗauki wannan ƙalubalen. * '''Dangantaka Mai Kyau''' - Wannan ya ƙunshi girmamawa da sha'awar ra'ayoyin duk waɗanda ke cikin tsarin ilmantarwa kuma an kafa shi ne bisa ga mutum ɗaya. Ya dogara ne akan lafiyar mutumin da ke cikin matsayin malami. * '''Jerin Ayyuka da Ƙarfafawa''' - Ayyukan jerin ayyuka suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da aminci da nasara ga ɗalibi wajen kammala ayyuka ta hanyar ginawa daga ƙanana zuwa babba, mai sauƙi zuwa rikitarwa, mai zaman kansa ga mutane da yawa kuma wanda aka saba da shi zuwa wanda ba a saba ba. Idan ɗalibai suka ci gaba da mu'amala da abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma jan hankali, ilmantarwa za ta ƙara ƙarfi. * '''Praxis''' - Dole ne ɗalibai su sami damar yin aiki a kan abubuwan da ke ciki sannan su yi tunani a kan ayyukansu domin su yanke shawara sannan su sami ƙarin damar yin aiki a sake. Ana iya cimma wannan ta hanyar amfani da bincike da kuma [[wiktionary:synthesis|hadawa]] . Bincike - raba bayanai ko yanayi da kuma haɗa su - sake haɗa su duka suna da mahimmanci don koyo ya faru. * '''Girmamawa''' - Ana ganinsa ta hanyar ƙoƙarin da dukkan mahalarta ke yi a cikin ƙoƙarin ilmantarwa. Malamin da ke cikin shiri da tsara tsarin ilmantarwa da kuma ɗaliban da ke cikin himma da ƙoƙarin sun nuna koma baya. * '''Ra'ayoyi, Ji, Ayyuka''' - Domin samun ingantaccen koyo, ra'ayoyi (fahimta), ji (ƙauna) da ayyuka (mai motsa jiki) duk suna buƙatar shiga cikin ayyukan ilmantarwa. * '''Dacewa da Gaggawa''' - Abubuwan da ke ciki suna buƙatar su zama masu amfani nan take, masu amfani kuma masu ma'ana (masu dacewa) ga mahallin mai koyo domin ilmantarwa ta faru. * '''Ayyukan da suka bayyana karara''' - Dole ne ɗalibai su ga daidaito tsakanin malami da ɗalibai da kuma tsakanin ɗalibai. Malamai za su iya tallafawa wannan ta hanyar nuna sauraro da kyau, nuna sha'awar ɗaliban da kuma nuna tawali'u. * '''Aiki tare da Ƙananan Ƙungiyoyi''' - Amfani da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi aiki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimin tattaunawa domin yana ƙirƙirar yanayi mai aminci ga ɗalibai don samun muryarsu, yana nuna yanayin rayuwa na haɗin gwiwa kuma yana ba da damar jagoranci na takwarorinsu wanda zai iya haɓaka koyo. * '''Hulɗa''' - Ɗalibai suna da hannu wajen yin ka'ida kan kowane fanni kuma dole ne masu ilimi su yi amfani da ayyukan fahimta, motsin rai da kuma motsa jiki don jawo hankalin ɗalibai a cikin wannan tsari. Idan ɗalibai suka shiga harkar ilimi, suna dagewa kan tsarin ilmantarwa. * '''Hakkin mallaka''' - Hakkin mallaka yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ƙa'idodi a cikin ilimin manya. Dole ne malamai su kasance masu alhakin ga ɗalibai ta hanyar tsara koyo da kuma sauƙaƙe musu, kuma dole ne ɗalibai su kasance masu alhakin ga malami, junansu da kansu ta hanyar ayyukansu. 5. ''Manuniyar Kimantawa'' * '''Koyo''' - Shine "ƙarshen komai. Koyo shine abin da ke faruwa a lokacin taron, kuma an tsara manufofi bisa ga nasara don tabbatar da hakan" (Vella, 2007, 217). * '''Canja wurin''' - Amfani da sabon kayan da aka koya "a cikin sabon yanayi, bayan taron koyo. Alamomin canja wurin shaida ce ta halayya da ke nuna cewa an sami koyo ta hanyar fahimta, motsin rai, ko kuma ta hanyar motsa jiki" (219). * '''Tasiri''' - Shine "bambanci ko canjin da ke faruwa a cikin mutum ko ƙungiya a matsayin aikin taron ilmantarwa ko jerin abubuwan ilmantarwa" (216). Duk da cewa babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ra'ayoyin da ba su da sabon abu a cikin ka'idar koyon manya, gudunmawar da Ilimi na Tattaunawa ke bayarwa ita ce tsarin da aka tsara sosai wanda aka ƙirƙiro don aiwatar da sanannen ka'idar koyon manya ta hanya mai ma'ana (Global Learning Partners, 2006c). Ka'idar koyo ta manya an fahimce ta sosai, duk da haka, ana amfani da ita ba tare da yawan amfani da ita ba a aikace. Tsarin Ilimi na Tattaunawa, saboda yana bayar da ƙa'idodi da ayyuka na musamman da aka gina da kyau, yana buƙatar daidaito tsakanin ka'ida, ƙira da aiwatarwa. Irin wannan daidaito yana haifar da ingantaccen koyo da kuma canjin hali (Vella, 2004). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] enlfqinnqog9aaybo9kez2ues5hqpq0 0 162474 889087 2026-07-29T17:12:47Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345431282|Nikola Tesla Serbian School]]" 889087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Nikola Tesla Serbian''' ( Hungarian ; Serbian ), yanzu an san shi da sunan Sabiya Kindergarten, Makarantar Firamare, Makarantar Sakandare da Gidan Dalibai ( Hungarian Szerb Tanítási Nyelvű '''Óvoda, Általános Iskola Diákotthon''' Gimnázium ; Serbian ), wata cibiya ce ta ilimi da ke [[Budapest]], Hungary. An kafa ta a matsayin makaranta ga dukkan ƙasashen Slavic ta Kudu a shekarar 1948. Makarantar ta fara aikinta a Pécs, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta koma [[Budapest]] saboda dalilai na siyasa. Daga baya makarantar ta maye gurbin sunan Kudancin Slavic da Serbian da Croatian . A shekarar 1993, sakamakon [[Yugoslav Wars|Yaƙin Yugoslavia]], an cire ɓangaren Croatian daga sunan makarantar. A shekarar 2012, shugaban ƙasar Serbia Tomislav Nikolić ya ziyarci makarantar. == Tsoffin tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Radovan Jelašić, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Šumadija na Trgu ruža |url=http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/aktuelno.69.html:263143-Sumadija-na-Trgu-ruza |website=www.novosti.rs}}</ref> Gwamnan Babban Bankin Serbia daga 2004 zuwa 2010 * Cocin St. George, Budapest == Duba kuma == * Sabiyawan Hungary == Manazarta == lngtypk7qu39c8nv04sxrhazj1slxl0 889092 889087 2026-07-29T17:16:19Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Nikola Tesla Serbian''' ( Hungarian ; Serbian ), yanzu an san shi da sunan Sabiya Kindergarten, Makarantar Firamare, Makarantar Sakandare da Gidan Dalibai ( Hungarian Szerb Tanítási Nyelvű '''Óvoda, Általános Iskola Diákotthon''' Gimnázium ; Serbian ), wata cibiya ce ta ilimi da ke [[Budapest]], Hungary. An kafa ta a matsayin makaranta ga dukkan ƙasashen Slavic ta Kudu a shekarar 1948. Makarantar ta fara aikinta a Pécs, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta koma [[Budapest]] saboda dalilai na siyasa. Daga baya makarantar ta maye gurbin sunan Kudancin Slavic da Serbian da Croatian . A shekarar 1993, sakamakon [[Yugoslav Wars|Yaƙin Yugoslavia]], an cire ɓangaren Croatian daga sunan makarantar. A shekarar 2012, shugaban ƙasar Serbia Tomislav Nikolić ya ziyarci makarantar. == Tsoffin tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Radovan Jelašić, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Šumadija na Trgu ruža |url=http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/aktuelno.69.html:263143-Sumadija-na-Trgu-ruza |website=www.novosti.rs}}</ref> Gwamnan Babban Bankin Serbia daga 2004 zuwa 2010 * Cocin St. George, Budapest == Duba kuma == * Sabiyawan Hungary == Manazarta == 1im3s2x9vo5oe6dpgh08ev0nffbqqwk 0 162475 889094 2026-07-29T17:17:48Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351816203|Hospital school]]" 889094 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar asibiti''', wacce aka fi sani da '''ilimin gida da asibiti''' (HHE), <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Glossary of terms in use in HHE and ICT - LeHo Project &#124; Learning at Home and in the Hospital |url=https://www.lehoproject.eu/en/glossary |access-date=25 January 2016 |website=Learning at Home and in the Hospital}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=ICT for Home and Hospital Education – based on best practices of the LeHo (Learning at Home and in the Hospital) project &#124; DigiSkill |url=http://www.digiskills-project.eu/?q=content/ict-home-and-hospital-education-%E2%80%93-based-best-practices-leho-learning-home-and-hospital |access-date=2022-09-13 |publisher=Digiskills-project.eu}}</ref> makaranta ce da ke aiki a asibiti, galibi [[Asibitin yara|asibiti ne na yara]] wanda ke ba da umarni ga dukkan matakan aji na firamare da sakandare. Waɗannan makarantu suna taimaka wa yara su sake samun ci gaban ilimi a lokacin da ake kwantar da su a asibiti ko kuma a gyara musu yanayinsu. Makarantun galibi ana ba su izini kuma ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar tsarin makarantun gwamnati na gida, wanda gwamnati ke ba da kuɗi, kuma an gina su ne bisa tsarin manhaja da gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya da jihar ta umarta kamar yadda yake a aikace ga ɗalibai. Idan aka kwatanta da makarantun gargajiya, masu yin rajista ba su da yawa, kuma dole ne malamai su ba da koyarwa ga matakai daban-daban na aji. Dokoki da ƙa'idodi kan makarantun asibiti da kuma ilimin gida sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci ana rarraba karatun da suka shafi wannan fanni a ƙarƙashin kalmar '''"gida da ilimin asibiti''' " (HHE). <ref name=":0" /> An fara gabatar da kalmar HHE a cikin wani tsari na aikin LeHo (Koyo a Gida da kuma a Asibiti) wanda Tarayyar Turai ke daukar nauyinsa, wani aiki na kasa da kasa na shekaru uku wanda [[Tarayyar Turai]] ke daukar nauyinsa kuma [[Fondazione Politecnico di Milano]] ke gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Uggeri |first=Matteo |date=2014-12-15 |title=The use of ICT to support Home and in the Hospital Education (HHE) |url=https://www.slideshare.net/MatteoUggeri/the-use-of-ict-to-support-learning-at-hhe-uggeri-final |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Slideshare |language=en}}</ref> Aikin ya yi bincike kan hanyoyin koyarwa na amfani da fasahar sadarwa ta zamani (ICT) a fannin makarantun asibiti. Akwai ƙungiyoyi da dama a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda ke tallafawa aikin makarantun asibiti da malaman asibiti. Waɗannan su ne HEAL <ref>{{Cite web |title=HEAL Association |url=https://www.healassociation.org/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Hospital Educator and Academic Liaison (HEAL) Association}}</ref> a Amurka, HOPE <ref>{{Cite web |title=HOPE - Continuity in Education |url=https://www.hospitalteachers.eu/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Hospital Organisation of Pedagogues in Europe}}</ref> a Turai da Redlaceh <ref>{{Cite web |title=REDLACEH - POR EL DERECHO A LA EDUCACIÓN DE NIÑOS, NIÑAS Y JÓVENES HOSPITALIZADOS O EN TRATAMIENTO |url=https://www.redlaceh.org/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=REDLACEH}}</ref> a Kudancin Amurka. == Jerin makarantun asibiti == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Hospital !Location !School operated by !Notes |- |Carlson Home Hospital School |Los Angeles, California |Los Angeles Unified School District | |- |Central Regional Health School |Wellington, New Zealand | | |- |Chelsea &amp;amp; Westminster Hospital, Royal Brompton Hospital, St Mary's Hospital, [https://www.cnwl.nhs.uk/services/mental-health-services/child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services/collingham-inpatient-service Collingham Child and Family Unit], [https://www.cnwl.nhs.uk/services/mental-health-services/child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services/lavender-walk-adolescent-mental-health-unit Lavender Walk Adolescent Mental Health Unit] |London, UK |[https://cchs.org.uk/ Chelsea Community Hospital School] |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Well at School |url=https://www.wellatschool.org/resources/hospital-education-provisions |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Hospital education provisions in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland}}</ref> |- |Children's Hospital of Illinois |Peoria, Illinois | | |- |Leicester Royal Infirmary |Leicester, UK |Children's Hospital School |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.childrenshospitalschool.leicester.sch.uk/ |website=childrenshospitalschool.leicester.sch.uk}}</ref> |- |Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters |Norfolk, Virginia |Norfolk Public Schools | |- |Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center |Durham, North Carolina |Durham Public Schools | |- |NIH Children's School at NIH Clinical Center Hospital |Bethesda, Maryland |NIH Clinical Center |- |Janeway Children's Hospital |St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada |Eastern School District | |- |Lucile Packard Children's Hospital School |Palo Alto, California |Palo Alto Unified School District | |- |North Carolina Children's Hospital |Chapel Hill, North Carolina |Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools | |- |Northern Health School |Auckland, New Zealand | | |- |Nottingham University Hospitals Trust |Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK |Hospital and Home Education Learning Centres, Nottingham City School District | |- |Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children |Westmead, New South Wales, Australia |Department of Education (New South Wales) | |- |Royal Free Hospital Children's School |London Borough of Camden, UK | |- |Shriners Hospital for Children |Minneapolis, Minnesota |Minneapolis Public Schools | |- |Southern Regional Health School |Christchurch, New Zealand | | |- |St George Hospital, Sydney |Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia |Department of Education (New South Wales) | |- |[[The Hospital School at Cardon Children's Medical Center]] |Mesa, Arizona |Banner Health | |- |University of Wisconsin Hospital |Madison, Wisconsin |Madison Metropolitan School District | |- |John Hunter Hospital |Newcastle, Australia |[https://johnhunter-s.schools.nsw.gov.au/ John Hunter Hospital School] | |- |Vidant Medical Center / Maynard Children's Hospital |Greenville, North Carolina |[[Pitt County Public Schools]] | |- |[http://www.olchc.ie/ Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin] |Dublin, Ireland |[https://www.solashospitalschool.ie Solas Hospital School] |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Solas Hospital School |url=https://www.solashospitalschool.ie |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Solas Hospital School}}</ref> |- |El Carmen de Maipú Hospital |Maipú, Santiago, Chile | | |- |Chiloé Hospital |Castro, Chiloe, Chile | | |} == Manazarta == 2byiag1uyfxrdfbd63853vrfyi83e1o 889095 889094 2026-07-29T17:20:05Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar asibiti''', wacce aka fi sani da '''ilimin gida da asibiti''' (HHE), <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Glossary of terms in use in HHE and ICT - LeHo Project &#124; Learning at Home and in the Hospital |url=https://www.lehoproject.eu/en/glossary |access-date=25 January 2016 |website=Learning at Home and in the Hospital}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=ICT for Home and Hospital Education – based on best practices of the LeHo (Learning at Home and in the Hospital) project &#124; DigiSkill |url=http://www.digiskills-project.eu/?q=content/ict-home-and-hospital-education-%E2%80%93-based-best-practices-leho-learning-home-and-hospital |access-date=2022-09-13 |publisher=Digiskills-project.eu}}</ref> makaranta ce da ke aiki a asibiti, galibi [[Asibitin yara|asibiti ne na yara]] wanda ke ba da umarni ga dukkan matakan aji na firamare da sakandare. Waɗannan makarantu suna taimaka wa yara su sake samun ci gaban ilimi a lokacin da ake kwantar da su a asibiti ko kuma a gyara musu yanayinsu. Makarantun galibi ana ba su izini kuma ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar tsarin makarantun gwamnati na gida, wanda gwamnati ke ba da kuɗi, kuma an gina su ne bisa tsarin manhaja da gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya da jihar ta umarta kamar yadda yake a aikace ga ɗalibai. Idan aka kwatanta da makarantun gargajiya, masu yin rajista ba su da yawa, kuma dole ne malamai su ba da koyarwa ga matakai daban-daban na aji. Dokoki da ƙa'idodi kan makarantun asibiti da kuma ilimin gida sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci ana rarraba karatun da suka shafi wannan fanni a ƙarƙashin kalmar '''"gida da ilimin asibiti''' " (HHE). <ref name=":0" /> An fara gabatar da kalmar HHE a cikin wani tsari na aikin LeHo (Koyo a Gida da kuma a Asibiti) wanda Tarayyar Turai ke daukar nauyinsa, wani aiki na kasa da kasa na shekaru uku wanda [[Tarayyar Turai]] ke daukar nauyinsa kuma [[Fondazione Politecnico di Milano]] ke gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Uggeri |first=Matteo |date=2014-12-15 |title=The use of ICT to support Home and in the Hospital Education (HHE) |url=https://www.slideshare.net/MatteoUggeri/the-use-of-ict-to-support-learning-at-hhe-uggeri-final |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=Slideshare |language=en}}</ref> Aikin ya yi bincike kan hanyoyin koyarwa na amfani da fasahar sadarwa ta zamani (ICT) a fannin makarantun asibiti. Akwai ƙungiyoyi da dama a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda ke tallafawa aikin makarantun asibiti da malaman asibiti. Waɗannan su ne HEAL <ref>{{Cite web |title=HEAL Association |url=https://www.healassociation.org/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Hospital Educator and Academic Liaison (HEAL) Association}}</ref> a Amurka, HOPE <ref>{{Cite web |title=HOPE - Continuity in Education |url=https://www.hospitalteachers.eu/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Hospital Organisation of Pedagogues in Europe}}</ref> a Turai da Redlaceh <ref>{{Cite web |title=REDLACEH - POR EL DERECHO A LA EDUCACIÓN DE NIÑOS, NIÑAS Y JÓVENES HOSPITALIZADOS O EN TRATAMIENTO |url=https://www.redlaceh.org/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=REDLACEH}}</ref> a Kudancin Amurka. == Jerin makarantun asibiti == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Hospital !Location !School operated by !Notes |- |Carlson Home Hospital School |Los Angeles, California |Los Angeles Unified School District | |- |Central Regional Health School |Wellington, New Zealand | | |- |Chelsea &amp;amp; Westminster Hospital, Royal Brompton Hospital, St Mary's Hospital, [https://www.cnwl.nhs.uk/services/mental-health-services/child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services/collingham-inpatient-service Collingham Child and Family Unit], [https://www.cnwl.nhs.uk/services/mental-health-services/child-and-adolescent-mental-health-services/lavender-walk-adolescent-mental-health-unit Lavender Walk Adolescent Mental Health Unit] |London, UK |[https://cchs.org.uk/ Chelsea Community Hospital School] |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Well at School |url=https://www.wellatschool.org/resources/hospital-education-provisions |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Hospital education provisions in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland}}</ref> |- |Children's Hospital of Illinois |Peoria, Illinois | | |- |Leicester Royal Infirmary |Leicester, UK |Children's Hospital School |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.childrenshospitalschool.leicester.sch.uk/ |website=childrenshospitalschool.leicester.sch.uk}}</ref> |- |Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters |Norfolk, Virginia |Norfolk Public Schools | |- |Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center |Durham, North Carolina |Durham Public Schools | |- |NIH Children's School at NIH Clinical Center Hospital |Bethesda, Maryland |NIH Clinical Center |- |Janeway Children's Hospital |St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada |Eastern School District | |- |Lucile Packard Children's Hospital School |Palo Alto, California |Palo Alto Unified School District | |- |North Carolina Children's Hospital |Chapel Hill, North Carolina |Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools | |- |Northern Health School |Auckland, New Zealand | | |- |Nottingham University Hospitals Trust |Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK |Hospital and Home Education Learning Centres, Nottingham City School District | |- |Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children |Westmead, New South Wales, Australia |Department of Education (New South Wales) | |- |Royal Free Hospital Children's School |London Borough of Camden, UK | |- |Shriners Hospital for Children |Minneapolis, Minnesota |Minneapolis Public Schools | |- |Southern Regional Health School |Christchurch, New Zealand | | |- |St George Hospital, Sydney |Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia |Department of Education (New South Wales) | |- |[[The Hospital School at Cardon Children's Medical Center]] |Mesa, Arizona |Banner Health | |- |University of Wisconsin Hospital |Madison, Wisconsin |Madison Metropolitan School District | |- |John Hunter Hospital |Newcastle, Australia |[https://johnhunter-s.schools.nsw.gov.au/ John Hunter Hospital School] | |- |Vidant Medical Center / Maynard Children's Hospital |Greenville, North Carolina |[[Pitt County Public Schools]] | |- |[http://www.olchc.ie/ Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin] |Dublin, Ireland |[https://www.solashospitalschool.ie Solas Hospital School] |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Solas Hospital School |url=https://www.solashospitalschool.ie |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Solas Hospital School}}</ref> |- |El Carmen de Maipú Hospital |Maipú, Santiago, Chile | | |- |Chiloé Hospital |Castro, Chiloe, Chile | | |} == Manazarta == 4mg15jypzzoaqtqdys2zko5snh5nu2o 0 162476 889096 2026-07-29T17:21:07Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310304710|Continuation high school]]" 889096 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ci gaba da makarantar sakandare''' madadin makarantar sakandare ce ta gaba ɗaya . A wasu ƙasashe, galibi ana yi ne ga ɗaliban da ake ganin suna cikin haɗarin rashin kammala karatunsu a daidai lokacin da aka saba. Bukatun [[Kammala karatun digiri|kammala karatun]] iri ɗaya ne, amma jadawalin ya fi sassauƙa don bai wa ɗalibai damar samun maki a hankali. == Denmark == Makarantun ci gaba na Denmark (Danish: ''Efterskole'' ) sun ƙunshi nau'ikan makarantu daban-daban daga aji na 8 zuwa na 10 kuma suna da nau'ikan makarantu daban-daban. Makarantun sun ƙware a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi ko kuma takamaiman ƙungiyoyin matasa. Misalan da aka fi amfani da su sune wasanni, ayyukan waje da kuma ayyukan fasaha daban-daban. Yawancin makarantun ci gaba a Denmark [[Makarantar allo|makarantun kwana]] ne kuma yawanci ana ba da kuɗin zama na sirri ta hanyar kuɗin makaranta. Yawancin ɗaliban da ke karatu a jami'a sun zaɓi makarantar ci gaba bayan sun kammala karatunsu na firamare a aji na 9. Shiga makarantun ci gaba ya ƙaru a shekarun 2000 kuma ƙungiyar masana'antar Denmark ta soki wannan sabon ci gaba a matsayin mai tsada ga al'umma, kuma ɓata shekara guda a lokacin ƙarancin ma'aikata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2008 |title=Efterskoler sætter elevrekord [Continuation schools sets pupil-record] |url=https://politiken.dk/indland/uddannelse/art4827461/Efterskoler-s%C3%A6tter-elevrekord |access-date=28 January 2018 |publisher=Politiken |language=da}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritzau |date=25 August 2014 |title=DI: 10. klasse på efterskole er spild af penge [DI: 10th grade at efterskole is a waste of money] |url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/indland/ECE6967948/di-10-klasse-pa-efterskole-er-spild-af-penge/ |access-date=7 January 2015 |language=da}}</ref> Wasu makarantun ci gaba a Denmark suna hulɗa musamman da matasa masu fama da tarihin aikata laifuka ko kuma waɗanda suka fuskanci matsala. Tsarin ladabtarwa yana da ɗan iyaka, tare da hanawa da hulɗa ta jiki ba a yarda da su ba. A wasu lokuta wannan ya haifar da korar har zuwa kashi 25 zuwa 33 cikin 100 na matasan a cikin shekara guda a wasu makarantu. Wani lamari guda ɗaya (Janairu 2000) ya sa wata makaranta ta kori kashi 23 cikin 100 na ɗalibanta a lokaci guda. Yawancin waɗannan makarantun ci gaba sun haɗa da ilimin jiyya kuma suna kama da [[Makarantar kwana ta warkewa|makarantun kwana na warkewa]], amma wannan ra'ayi ba a san shi ba a Denmark. Kwanan nan, wasu iyalai da suka yi ƙaura zuwa Denmark kuma ba su da fahimtar al'adun matasan Denmark masu ci gaba sosai suna neman makarantun ci gaba na Kirista masu tsauri ga 'ya'yansu. Adadin matasan da aka sanya a waɗannan makarantu ya yi kama da yana ƙaruwa tun lokacin da gwamnatin Denmark ta ɗauki mataki kan sake tsugunar da ɗaliban da suka koma ƙasarsu ta asali. Tsawon shekaru da dama Efterskoleforeningen (ƙungiyar Makarantun Ci gaba) ta yi ƙoƙarin kai hari ga wannan ƙungiyar iyaye da tayin tsare 'ya'yansu da kuma kiyaye su "lafiya" daga ƙalubalen al'adun matasa na yau da kullun. A shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Denmark ta sanar da cewa za ta rage tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai, don haka iyaye za su biya ƙarin kaso na kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen samun ɗa a makarantu. Wani gagarumin kamfen na manema labarai da Efterskoleforeningen ya ƙaddamar ya zaburar da gwamnati ta daidaita rage tallafin kaɗan. == Amurka == An kafa makarantar ci gaba ta farko a Amurka a shekarar 1909 a Cincinnati . Makarantun Jama'a na Cincinnati, karkashin jagorancin babban jami'in kula da harkokin jama'a Franklin B. Dyer, sun cimma yarjejeniya da kungiyoyin kwadago da ma'aikata don rage lokutan aiki na ma'aikatan makarantar sakandare da rabin yini ba tare da rage albashi ba. Makarantun Jama'a na Boston sun kafa irin wannan shirin, wanda ya sa Kotun Manyan Laifuka ta Massachusetts ta zartar da doka da ta tilasta wa yara 'yan shekara 14 zuwa 16 su halarci makarantar ci gaba. [[Wisconsin]] ta zartar da irin wannan doka, wadda ta tilasta wa yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 zuwa makarantar ci gaba ta sa'o'i huɗu a mako. Zuwa shekarar 1912, akwai ɗalibai 16,000 da suka yi rajista a makarantun ci gaba 30 na Wisconsin, mafi yawa a ƙasar. === California === A shekarar makaranta ta 2021–2022, akwai makarantun sakandare 432 na ci gaba a [[California]], tare da kiyasin cewa ɗalibai 46,000 ne suka shiga makarantar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Continuation Education - CalEdFacts (CA Dept of Education) |url=http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/eo/ce/cefcontinuationed.asp}}</ref> Masu ba da shawara, masu gudanar da wurin, da/ko hukumar gundumar za su iya tantance 'yan takarar da za su ci gaba da karatun sakandare; masu ba da shawara kan makarantu a wurin ne ke ba da shawarar yawancin 'yan takara. Cancantar asali don ci gaba da makarantar sakandare ta bambanta daga gundumomi zuwa gundumomi, amma duk waɗanda suka cancanta dole ne su yi aikin sake duba ilimi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An ƙirƙiri makarantun sakandare na ci gaba a [[California]] da nufin biyan buƙatun ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Don wannan dalili, ɗalibai daga shekara goma sha shida zuwa goma sha takwas suna zuwa waɗannan makarantu. Domin kammala karatun digiri, dole ne ɗalibai su cika buƙatun da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta California ta gindaya. Makarantun sakandare na ci gaba suna buƙatar ɗalibai su yi Jarrabawar Fita Daga Makarantar Sakandare ta California (CAHSEE), wanda ke auna ci gaban ɗalibai a fannin lissafi, karatu, da rubutu. Duk da haka, ɗalibai har yanzu suna samun takardar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare da zarar sun kammala karatun da ake buƙata.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Duba kuma == * [[Makarantar kwana ta warkewa]] * [[Gidan gyaran halayyar|Cibiyar gyara ɗabi'a]] * Tsarin Koyo Madadin == Nassoshi == 8lemhwboewi4avk8s7jjqkvh3e2ktgq 889097 889096 2026-07-29T17:21:42Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ci gaba da makarantar sakandare''' madadin makarantar sakandare ce ta gaba ɗaya . A wasu ƙasashe, galibi ana yi ne ga ɗaliban da ake ganin suna cikin haɗarin rashin kammala karatunsu a daidai lokacin da aka saba. Bukatun [[Kammala karatun digiri|kammala karatun]] iri ɗaya ne, amma jadawalin ya fi sassauƙa don bai wa ɗalibai damar samun maki a hankali. == Denmark == Makarantun ci gaba na Denmark (Danish: ''Efterskole'' ) sun ƙunshi nau'ikan makarantu daban-daban daga aji na 8 zuwa na 10 kuma suna da nau'ikan makarantu daban-daban. Makarantun sun ƙware a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi ko kuma takamaiman ƙungiyoyin matasa. Misalan da aka fi amfani da su sune wasanni, ayyukan waje da kuma ayyukan fasaha daban-daban. Yawancin makarantun ci gaba a Denmark [[Makarantar allo|makarantun kwana]] ne kuma yawanci ana ba da kuɗin zama na sirri ta hanyar kuɗin makaranta. Yawancin ɗaliban da ke karatu a jami'a sun zaɓi makarantar ci gaba bayan sun kammala karatunsu na firamare a aji na 9. Shiga makarantun ci gaba ya ƙaru a shekarun 2000 kuma ƙungiyar masana'antar Denmark ta soki wannan sabon ci gaba a matsayin mai tsada ga al'umma, kuma ɓata shekara guda a lokacin ƙarancin ma'aikata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2008 |title=Efterskoler sætter elevrekord [Continuation schools sets pupil-record] |url=https://politiken.dk/indland/uddannelse/art4827461/Efterskoler-s%C3%A6tter-elevrekord |access-date=28 January 2018 |publisher=Politiken |language=da}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritzau |date=25 August 2014 |title=DI: 10. klasse på efterskole er spild af penge [DI: 10th grade at efterskole is a waste of money] |url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/indland/ECE6967948/di-10-klasse-pa-efterskole-er-spild-af-penge/ |access-date=7 January 2015 |language=da}}</ref> Wasu makarantun ci gaba a Denmark suna hulɗa musamman da matasa masu fama da tarihin aikata laifuka ko kuma waɗanda suka fuskanci matsala. Tsarin ladabtarwa yana da ɗan iyaka, tare da hanawa da hulɗa ta jiki ba a yarda da su ba. A wasu lokuta wannan ya haifar da korar har zuwa kashi 25 zuwa 33 cikin 100 na matasan a cikin shekara guda a wasu makarantu. Wani lamari guda ɗaya (Janairu 2000) ya sa wata makaranta ta kori kashi 23 cikin 100 na ɗalibanta a lokaci guda. Yawancin waɗannan makarantun ci gaba sun haɗa da ilimin jiyya kuma suna kama da [[Makarantar kwana ta warkewa|makarantun kwana na warkewa]], amma wannan ra'ayi ba a san shi ba a Denmark. Kwanan nan, wasu iyalai da suka yi ƙaura zuwa Denmark kuma ba su da fahimtar al'adun matasan Denmark masu ci gaba sosai suna neman makarantun ci gaba na Kirista masu tsauri ga 'ya'yansu. Adadin matasan da aka sanya a waɗannan makarantu ya yi kama da yana ƙaruwa tun lokacin da gwamnatin Denmark ta ɗauki mataki kan sake tsugunar da ɗaliban da suka koma ƙasarsu ta asali. Tsawon shekaru da dama Efterskoleforeningen (ƙungiyar Makarantun Ci gaba) ta yi ƙoƙarin kai hari ga wannan ƙungiyar iyaye da tayin tsare 'ya'yansu da kuma kiyaye su "lafiya" daga ƙalubalen al'adun matasa na yau da kullun. A shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Denmark ta sanar da cewa za ta rage tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai, don haka iyaye za su biya ƙarin kaso na kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen samun ɗa a makarantu. Wani gagarumin kamfen na manema labarai da Efterskoleforeningen ya ƙaddamar ya zaburar da gwamnati ta daidaita rage tallafin kaɗan. == Amurka == An kafa makarantar ci gaba ta farko a Amurka a shekarar 1909 a Cincinnati . Makarantun Jama'a na Cincinnati, karkashin jagorancin babban jami'in kula da harkokin jama'a Franklin B. Dyer, sun cimma yarjejeniya da kungiyoyin kwadago da ma'aikata don rage lokutan aiki na ma'aikatan makarantar sakandare da rabin yini ba tare da rage albashi ba. Makarantun Jama'a na Boston sun kafa irin wannan shirin, wanda ya sa Kotun Manyan Laifuka ta Massachusetts ta zartar da doka da ta tilasta wa yara 'yan shekara 14 zuwa 16 su halarci makarantar ci gaba. [[Wisconsin]] ta zartar da irin wannan doka, wadda ta tilasta wa yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 zuwa makarantar ci gaba ta sa'o'i huɗu a mako. Zuwa shekarar 1912, akwai ɗalibai 16,000 da suka yi rajista a makarantun ci gaba 30 na Wisconsin, mafi yawa a ƙasar. === California === A shekarar makaranta ta 2021–2022, akwai makarantun sakandare 432 na ci gaba a [[California]], tare da kiyasin cewa ɗalibai 46,000 ne suka shiga makarantar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Continuation Education - CalEdFacts (CA Dept of Education) |url=http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/eo/ce/cefcontinuationed.asp}}</ref> Masu ba da shawara, masu gudanar da wurin, da/ko hukumar gundumar za su iya tantance 'yan takarar da za su ci gaba da karatun sakandare; masu ba da shawara kan makarantu a wurin ne ke ba da shawarar yawancin 'yan takara. Cancantar asali don ci gaba da makarantar sakandare ta bambanta daga gundumomi zuwa gundumomi, amma duk waɗanda suka cancanta dole ne su yi aikin sake duba ilimi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An ƙirƙiri makarantun sakandare na ci gaba a [[California]] da nufin biyan buƙatun ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Don wannan dalili, ɗalibai daga shekara goma sha shida zuwa goma sha takwas suna zuwa waɗannan makarantu. Domin kammala karatun digiri, dole ne ɗalibai su cika buƙatun da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta California ta gindaya. Makarantun sakandare na ci gaba suna buƙatar ɗalibai su yi Jarrabawar Fita Daga Makarantar Sakandare ta California (CAHSEE), wanda ke auna ci gaban ɗalibai a fannin lissafi, karatu, da rubutu. Duk da haka, ɗalibai har yanzu suna samun takardar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare da zarar sun kammala karatun da ake buƙata.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Duba kuma == * [[Makarantar kwana ta warkewa]] * [[Gidan gyaran halayyar|Cibiyar gyara ɗabi'a]] * Tsarin Koyo Madadin == Nassoshi == lnla3j98p4m0a1tyuq8btjdn6k88v72 0 162477 889099 2026-07-29T17:25:10Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321158695|Krifo scholio]]" 889099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Gizis_kryfo_skoleio.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Nikolaos Gyzis, "Makarantar Girkawa a lokacin bauta", wacce aka fi sani da "To krifó scholió", zanen mai, 1885/86]] A cikin tarihin Girkanci, a '''krifó scholió''' ( {{Lang|grc|κρυφό σκολειό}} ko kuma {{Lang|grc|κρυφό σχολείο}}, lit. 'makarantar sirri') wata makaranta ce da ake ɗauka a matsayin makarantar ƙarƙashin ƙasa don koyar da harshen Girka da koyarwar Kirista, wadda Cocin Orthodox na Girka ta samar a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ottoman a [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] tsakanin ƙarni na 15 zuwa 19. Masana tarihi da yawa sun yarda cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa irin waɗannan makarantu sun taɓa wanzuwa. Wasu masana tarihi sun yarda cewa makarantun sirri sun wanzu ne kawai a lokutan da aka yi tsananin Musulunci, yayin da wasu kuma suka gan shi a matsayin "tatsuniyar" wasu kuma sun yi imanin cewa Krifo Scholio gaskiya ne. Farfesa a fannin falsafa Alkes Angelou (1917–2001), a cikin ɗaya daga cikin littattafansa na ƙarshe kan wannan batu, ya gano cewa ''krifó scholió'' ya ci gaba da kasancewa tatsuniya ta ƙasa . <ref name="Angelou" /> Wasu malaman Girka suna sukar aikin Angelou a matsayin wanda ke da alaƙa da siyasa da kuma son zuciya. Littattafan makaranta a Girka sun ɗauki ''krifó scholió'' a matsayin gaskiya har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, lokacin da aka cire shi a ƙarshe, duk da wasu ce-ce-ku-ce na siyasa, a matsayin " [[Tunawa da kasa|tunawa ta ƙasa]] wadda, har zuwa wani lokaci, ta kasance tatsuniya", tana haifar da rikici da "Cocin da ƙabilanci". == Bayani == Akwai ɗimbin shaidu da ke nuna cewa makarantun koyon harshen Girka suna aiki a wurare da yawa na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]], musamman bayan tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Duk da haka, akwai alamun da ke nuna cewa hukumomin Ottoman na yankin da ke kewaye ba su da kyau ga makarantu. Misali, wani labarin da aka buga a shekarar 1820 wanda ya yi magana game da babbar makarantar Melies (Tsakiya ta Girka) ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai kyau ga ja da baya ga Muses [domin] Yana da nisa da kishin gwamnan Turkiyya, kuma har yanzu yana da aminci daga cin zarafinsa ta hanyar wasu gata da kariya, waɗanda gwamnati ta bai wa garin." Akwai ƙuntatawa; a cikin Ottoman Epirus a 1913, misali, hukumomi sun buƙaci littattafai su fito daga Ottoman Constantinople maimakon daga [[Athens]] a Girka mai 'yancin kai, don haka wasu malamai suna ba da koyarwar siyasa a ɓoye. Duk da haka, a wasu lokutan ana cewa a Girka a yau cewa hukumomin Ottoman sun haramta ilimi a harsunan mutanen da ba Musulmi ba, suna tilasta wa Girkawa su tsara ƙananan makarantu na sirri a gidajen ibada da majami'u. Ana nuna wuraren da ake zaton irin waɗannan makarantun sirri a wurare da yawa a Girka, musamman a gidan ibada na Philosophou da ke Dimitsana . <ref>Theodore G. Zervas, ''The Making of a Modern Greek Identity: Education, Nationalism, and the Teaching of a Greek National Past'', {{ISBN|0880336935}}, 2012, p. 89</ref> Sau da yawa ana yaba wa waɗannan makarantu, musamman daga Cocin Girka, da rawar da suka taka wajen ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma fahimtar harshen Girka a lokacin mulkin Turkiyya. Angelou ta yi iƙirarin cewa an fara ambaton irin waɗannan makarantu tun daga shekarar 1825, a cikin wani littafin masanin Jamus Carl Iken, yana ambaton bayanan da wani malamin Girka, Stephanos Kanellos ya ba shi. An ambaci ilimin da aka danne wa Girkawa a baya a cikin jawabin Konstantinos Oikonomou, a shekarar 1821. Ya ce makarantu a Daular Ottoman suna aiki ne da sunan koyar da addini da kasuwanci, wasu daga cikinsu an bude su ta hanyar ba wa Turkawa masu tasiri cin hanci, kuma an tsananta wa makarantar Smyrna saboda tana koyar da lissafi da falsafa. A shekara ta 1823, wani masanin Girka Michel Schinas, a shekara ta 1823, ya bayyana cikas da hukumomin Ottoman na yankin suka sanya wa makarantun Girka. Saboda waɗannan cikas, "ɗalibai da malamai sun ja da baya cikin duhu don guje wa haɗuwa da Allah wadai". Banda Girkawa, 'yan Albaniya a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ottoman suna gudanar da makarantun sirri a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, waɗanda firistocin Bektashi suka shirya. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Gilles}}</ref> Marubucin Girka Gritsopoulos shi ma ya buga ayyukan da ke goyon bayan wanzuwar makarantun sirri, duk da cewa ya ba da damar ci gaba da karatun manyan harsunan Girka a Constantinople a farkon Daular Ottoman. Labarin makarantar sirri ya shahara bayan juyin juya halin shekarar 1821. Ya zama sananne kuma ya ƙara zama sananne a cikin tunawa da Helenawa ta hanyar zane na Nikolaos Gyzis mai suna "makarantar Girka a lokacin bauta", na 1885-86 (a yau a cikin Emphietzoglou Collection, Athens). Yana nuna wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa na irin wannan makaranta, tare da siffar wani tsohon firist na addinin Orthodox yana karatu ta hanyar hasken kyandir ga ƙungiyar samari da samari sanye da kayan gargajiya na klephts na Girka. Haka kuma wata waƙa mai suna iri ɗaya ta shahara ta Ioannis Polemis (1900). Waƙarsa ta farko tana gudana:    == Manazarta == oq7qg9k6siqgfwri9liqfk4nbfjhayh 889100 889099 2026-07-29T17:25:41Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gizis_kryfo_skoleio.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Nikolaos Gyzis, "Makarantar Girkawa a lokacin bauta", wacce aka fi sani da "To krifó scholió", zanen mai, 1885/86]] A cikin tarihin Girkanci, a '''krifó scholió''' ( {{Lang|grc|κρυφό σκολειό}} ko kuma {{Lang|grc|κρυφό σχολείο}}, lit. 'makarantar sirri') wata makaranta ce da ake ɗauka a matsayin makarantar ƙarƙashin ƙasa don koyar da harshen Girka da koyarwar Kirista, wadda Cocin Orthodox na Girka ta samar a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ottoman a [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] tsakanin ƙarni na 15 zuwa 19. Masana tarihi da yawa sun yarda cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa irin waɗannan makarantu sun taɓa wanzuwa. Wasu masana tarihi sun yarda cewa makarantun sirri sun wanzu ne kawai a lokutan da aka yi tsananin Musulunci, yayin da wasu kuma suka gan shi a matsayin "tatsuniyar" wasu kuma sun yi imanin cewa Krifo Scholio gaskiya ne. Farfesa a fannin falsafa Alkes Angelou (1917–2001), a cikin ɗaya daga cikin littattafansa na ƙarshe kan wannan batu, ya gano cewa ''krifó scholió'' ya ci gaba da kasancewa tatsuniya ta ƙasa . <ref name="Angelou" /> Wasu malaman Girka suna sukar aikin Angelou a matsayin wanda ke da alaƙa da siyasa da kuma son zuciya. Littattafan makaranta a Girka sun ɗauki ''krifó scholió'' a matsayin gaskiya har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, lokacin da aka cire shi a ƙarshe, duk da wasu ce-ce-ku-ce na siyasa, a matsayin " [[Tunawa da kasa|tunawa ta ƙasa]] wadda, har zuwa wani lokaci, ta kasance tatsuniya", tana haifar da rikici da "Cocin da ƙabilanci". == Bayani == Akwai ɗimbin shaidu da ke nuna cewa makarantun koyon harshen Girka suna aiki a wurare da yawa na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]], musamman bayan tsakiyar ƙarni na 18. Duk da haka, akwai alamun da ke nuna cewa hukumomin Ottoman na yankin da ke kewaye ba su da kyau ga makarantu. Misali, wani labarin da aka buga a shekarar 1820 wanda ya yi magana game da babbar makarantar Melies (Tsakiya ta Girka) ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai kyau ga ja da baya ga Muses [domin] Yana da nisa da kishin gwamnan Turkiyya, kuma har yanzu yana da aminci daga cin zarafinsa ta hanyar wasu gata da kariya, waɗanda gwamnati ta bai wa garin." Akwai ƙuntatawa; a cikin Ottoman Epirus a 1913, misali, hukumomi sun buƙaci littattafai su fito daga Ottoman Constantinople maimakon daga [[Athens]] a Girka mai 'yancin kai, don haka wasu malamai suna ba da koyarwar siyasa a ɓoye. Duk da haka, a wasu lokutan ana cewa a Girka a yau cewa hukumomin Ottoman sun haramta ilimi a harsunan mutanen da ba Musulmi ba, suna tilasta wa Girkawa su tsara ƙananan makarantu na sirri a gidajen ibada da majami'u. Ana nuna wuraren da ake zaton irin waɗannan makarantun sirri a wurare da yawa a Girka, musamman a gidan ibada na Philosophou da ke Dimitsana . <ref>Theodore G. Zervas, ''The Making of a Modern Greek Identity: Education, Nationalism, and the Teaching of a Greek National Past'', {{ISBN|0880336935}}, 2012, p. 89</ref> Sau da yawa ana yaba wa waɗannan makarantu, musamman daga Cocin Girka, da rawar da suka taka wajen ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma fahimtar harshen Girka a lokacin mulkin Turkiyya. Angelou ta yi iƙirarin cewa an fara ambaton irin waɗannan makarantu tun daga shekarar 1825, a cikin wani littafin masanin Jamus Carl Iken, yana ambaton bayanan da wani malamin Girka, Stephanos Kanellos ya ba shi. An ambaci ilimin da aka danne wa Girkawa a baya a cikin jawabin Konstantinos Oikonomou, a shekarar 1821. Ya ce makarantu a Daular Ottoman suna aiki ne da sunan koyar da addini da kasuwanci, wasu daga cikinsu an bude su ta hanyar ba wa Turkawa masu tasiri cin hanci, kuma an tsananta wa makarantar Smyrna saboda tana koyar da lissafi da falsafa. A shekara ta 1823, wani masanin Girka Michel Schinas, a shekara ta 1823, ya bayyana cikas da hukumomin Ottoman na yankin suka sanya wa makarantun Girka. Saboda waɗannan cikas, "ɗalibai da malamai sun ja da baya cikin duhu don guje wa haɗuwa da Allah wadai". Banda Girkawa, 'yan Albaniya a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ottoman suna gudanar da makarantun sirri a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, waɗanda firistocin Bektashi suka shirya. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Gilles}}</ref> Marubucin Girka Gritsopoulos shi ma ya buga ayyukan da ke goyon bayan wanzuwar makarantun sirri, duk da cewa ya ba da damar ci gaba da karatun manyan harsunan Girka a Constantinople a farkon Daular Ottoman. Labarin makarantar sirri ya shahara bayan juyin juya halin shekarar 1821. Ya zama sananne kuma ya ƙara zama sananne a cikin tunawa da Helenawa ta hanyar zane na Nikolaos Gyzis mai suna "makarantar Girka a lokacin bauta", na 1885-86 (a yau a cikin Emphietzoglou Collection, Athens). Yana nuna wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa na irin wannan makaranta, tare da siffar wani tsohon firist na addinin Orthodox yana karatu ta hanyar hasken kyandir ga ƙungiyar samari da samari sanye da kayan gargajiya na klephts na Girka. Haka kuma wata waƙa mai suna iri ɗaya ta shahara ta Ioannis Polemis (1900). Waƙarsa ta farko tana gudana:    == Manazarta == 3b92wuptxsv6scd02ialdq3ni3plsz4 0 162478 889101 2026-07-29T17:27:58Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357548214|PS238]]" 889101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''PS238''''' wani littafi ne na barkwanci na Amurka wanda Aaron Williams ya rubuta kuma ya zana kuma [[Do Gooder Press]] ya buga. Yana bin diddigin rayuwar malamai da ɗalibai a [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantar firamare]] ta yara masu ƙarfin iko, wanda barkwancin ya kira metaprodigies. An kuma daidaita shi zuwa wasan kwaikwayo ta Hero Games, ta amfani da tsarin wasannin ''Champions'' ɗinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-12 |title=PS238 Role-Playing Game in the works! |url=http://www.gamingreport.com/article.php?sid=24333 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021011911/http://www.gamingreport.com/article.php?sid=24333 |archive-date=2007-10-21 |access-date=2008-01-26 |publisher=GamingReport.com}}</ref> == Tarihin bugawa == An buga Fitowa ta #0 a watan Nuwamba na 2002. Har zuwa fitowar #20 [[Dork Storm Press]] da Henchman Publishing ne suka buga shi. A watan Disamba na 2006, Aaron Williams ya fara wallafa shafin barkwanci bayan shafi a shafinsa na yanar gizo. An sabunta sigar yanar gizo a ranakun Litinin, Laraba da Juma'a. [[Fayil:Aaron_Williams_of_Nodwick_at_Gen_Con.jpg|left|thumb|Aaron Williams, wanda ya ƙirƙiri ''PS238'', a Gen Con Indy 2007.]] A cikin labarin, PS238 makaranta ce da aka kafa kwanan nan, mil uku ƙasa da Makarantar Excelsior da ake gani a matsayin ta al'ada, tare da yawancin malamai ba su da ƙwarewa ko kuma ba su da ƙwarewa a koyarwa, saboda yawancin malamai tsoffin jarumai ne. Wani ɓangare na makarantar an yi shi ne daga tsohuwar hedikwatar tauraron ɗan adam ta Union of Justice, wata ƙungiyar jarumai waɗanda membobinta suka kafa makarantar. Kowanne daga cikin Matsalolin daga #0-#2 yana bin halaye daban-daban. Fitowa ta 3 ta gabatar da '''Tyler Marlocke''', wanda ya zama babban jarumi. Iyayen Tyler, biyu daga cikin manyan mutane masu ƙarfin hali, sun ƙi yarda cewa ɗansu ba shi da manyan iko kuma sun sami damar shigar da shi a PS 238. Duk da cewa makarantar ta bar Tyler ya halarci, amma sai bayan sun yanke shawarar cewa zai fi aminci a makarantar fiye da ƙoƙarin iyayensa na gano duk wani babban iko da zai iya samu. Revenant, wanda yake kama da Batman kuma mai yaƙi da laifuka ba tare da ikon ɗan adam ba, an ɗauke shi a matsayin malamin Tyler kuma mai ba shi shawara. Da rashin son rai Tyler ya ɗauki asalin '''Moon Inuwa''', ya zama abokin Robin na Revenant. Toby, wanda yake kama da Tyler, ya ayyana kansa ɗan'uwansa tagwaye. Tyler ya yi abota da Cecil Holmes, Ambriel, Angie, Julie, Malphast da sauransu da yawa. Zodon ne kawai, daga cikin dukkan ɗaliban PS 238, yana ƙiyayya da Tyler - kuma Zodon yana ƙiyayya da ''kowa'' . Tyler yana da farin jini sosai har an taɓa zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban aji. A cikin tarihin almara na barkwanci, ainihin Shirin Mai Yin Rainmaker wani aiki ne na gwamnatin Amurka don nazarin manyan mutane, da nufin gano yadda za a bai wa mutane manyan mutane (ko a ɗauke su). Aikin ya fara ne a shekarun 1960 kuma ya mayar da hankali kan wani yaro, Harold Nelson, wanda ke da ikon sa [[ruwan sama]] ya fara da kuma dakatar da shi. Gwamnati ta ƙara zama cikin rashin tabbas game da metahumans kuma wani yaro wanda ba zai iya yaƙi da ƙarfi ba wani batu ne mai jan hankali na bincike. Tsawon shekaru 6, an yi wa Harold gwaje-gwaje don ƙoƙarin gano yadda ikonsa yake aiki, amma ba tare da nasara ba. Masanin kimiyya da ke aiki a kan aikin ya fara damuwa game da rashin sakamako kuma ya ɗauki matakai masu tsauri. Suna neman taimakon Dr. Irons (wani mai kula da shi da aka tsare a jikin robot) sun gwada sabuwar injin da Dr. Irons ya ƙirƙira. An ƙera injin ne don ƙara ƙarfin Harold, ba don yin nazarinsa ba, kuma da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, bangon dakin gwaje-gwaje ya karye. A wani fashewa da ya biyo baya, Dr. Irons ya rasa gawarsa kuma Harold ya yi gudu don ya dauke kan Dr. Irons da har yanzu ba a san abin da ya faru da Shirin Rainmaker ba bayan tserewar Harold. An fara Shirin Rainmaker na zamani ne lokacin da aka buɗe PS238 a matsayin wani shiri na daban wanda aka tsara wa waɗanda ke da manyan ƙasashe waɗanda aka ga ba su dace da manyan jarumai ba. Shirin yayi kama da na sauran makarantun sai dai yaran Rainmaker ba sa shiga cikin ayyukan kamar horar da yaƙi. Waɗanda ke cikin shirin sun haɗa da: * Juyawar duniya ta allahiyar Hestia ta Zuciya. * Ut, yaro ne wanda zai iya yin komai ya zama abin ci. * Zachary, yaro ne wanda zai iya haƙa ta kowace irin ƙasa ko dutse. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan magoya bayan Moon Shadow. * Lyle, yaro wanda zai iya fahimtar abubuwan da za su iya faruwa daga yanayin da ke kewaye da shi. * Kathy, yarinya ce da za ta iya sake gina duk wani abu daga cikin ragowarsa da kuma gyara duk wata na'ura da ta lalace (har da Dr. Positron). * Vera, yarinya ce da za ta iya ganin tarihin kowane abu ko yanki ta hanyar kallonsa ko taɓa shi . * Alec, yaro wanda zane-zanensa suka bayyana. * Orchid, yarinya ce da za ta iya hanzarta da kuma ƙara yawan shuke-shuke. * Steve, yaro mai ƙarfin kiɗa. * Marvin, wanda zai iya sa kowa ya yi barci nan take. * Vern (duba ƙasa). == Haruffa == Yawancin haruffa a cikin PS238 kwatance ne, girmamawa ko kuma barkwanci na jarumai daga wasu mawallafa. Sauran haruffan sun yi daidai da nau'ikan jarumai da aka saba gani: suna iya zama ko ba za su kasance nuni kai tsaye ga jarumai a wasu kafofin watsa labarai ba. === Jarumai === * Atlas ya zo Duniya daga duniyar Argos, ya faɗi a Iowa kuma wani tsohon manomi ne wanda ba shi da 'ya'ya nasa. Atlas yana da rauni ga Argonite, ya auri ɗan jarida, kuma a wani lokaci, yana da babban kare mai suna Argo. Kwatancen Superman a bayyane yake: Krypton/Argo, Kryptonite/Argonite, da sauransu. Babban bambanci shine cewa Argos, ba kamar Krypton ba, ba a lalata shi ba. Atlas ya yi tunanin yawancin rayuwarsa cewa an lalata shi, amma a fitowa ta 42 ya fahimci cewa wannan yaudara ce. Sunansa na Argonian shine Ul-Ron, kuma sunansa na farar hula na Duniya shine Ron Peterson, Babban. * Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, Mai Alfarma yana kama da Batman ; ba shi da manyan jarumai kuma maimakon haka ya dogara ne da ƙwarewar bincike, na'urori, dukiya, tsoratarwa, ƙwarewar jiki da ta hankali a yaƙinsa da laifuka. An ambace shi yana cewa, "Wani lokaci ina tsammanin samun kuɗi shine babban ƙarfin iko a cikin duka." Mai Alfarma wani hali ne daga wani ɗan gajeren labari na Michael Stackpole, "Peer Review". Mr. Stackpole ya ba da Mai Alfarma ga aikin ''PS238'' . Moon Shadow, Cecil Holmes, da The Flea almajiransa ne kuma abokan aikin Mai Alfarma. * Jarumai da dama membobin ƙungiyar ne da aka sani da Iyalin Nukiliya: ** First Strike, shugaban ƙungiya. ** Tushen Atomic. ** Ƙwayar Hankali, mai ƙirƙira mahaukaci. ** Saber na Plutonium. Kwalejojin PS238 sun haɗa da: * Alfred Cranston, shugaban makarantar, wanda ke da ikon telekinetic da telepathic wanda ya yi amfani da shi don taimaka masa ya zama shugaban ƙasa, kodayake yana da'awar kawai ya yi hakan ne don ya iya taimaka wa wasu. Lokacin da aka gano ikon tunaninsa, ya fuskanci juyin juya hali har sai da Union of Justice ta shiga tsakani. Wani ɓangare na tattaunawar barin aikinsa cikin lumana ya haɗa da fara PS238, tare da shi a matsayin shugaban makaranta, don koya wa matasa masu ilimin halin ɗan adam yadda za su yi amfani da ikonsu da kyau don guje wa irin waɗannan matsaloli a nan gaba. Ya kuma yarda ya sanya abin ɗaure kai wanda ke ɗauke da ikon tunaninsa, amma an lalata abin ɗaure kai a wani hatsari a lokacin wani fitowa daga baya. * Herschel Clay, wanda ke koyar da darasin shago kuma ya kasance yana yaƙi da laifuka a matsayin gwarzon sulke Mantium. * Likitan [[Saƙago|Boka]] na Positron. * Vashti Imperia, mai suna "Spell Syrin" mai sihiri. * Kocin Rockslide, mai iko da kamanni iri ɗaya da halin Marvel Comics Benjamin Grimm (wanda aka fi sani da The Thing ). * Cristina Kyle (wanda ya dogara ne akan matar Aaron Williams, Cristi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-09-02 |title=Gaming Geek, Comic Freak, Cool Guy |url=http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/sept04/awilliams.shtml |access-date=2008-04-12 |publisher=SequentialTart.com}}</ref> ), wacce sunan lambarta a matsayin jarumai shine "Micro Might." Superpower shine rage girmanta, amma ƙara ƙarfi da juriya. Ita kaɗai ce ma'aikaciyar malamar da ta sami gogewa a matsayin malamar makaranta kafin fara makarantar. * Alloy, wanda yake kama da halin Marvel Comics ' X-Men Colossus gabaɗaya, amma da alama yana da ikon canza tsarin atomic na ƙarfe akan teburin periodic - a cikin wani fitowar an lura da shi a matsayin canza tsarin bango na PS238 zuwa zinare don sauƙaƙa wa Rockslide wargajewa. Alloy kuma yana da babban ƙaunar Star Trek, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin himmarsa lokacin da Wil Wheaton ya bayyana don bikin baje kolin aiki a makaranta. * Dr. Newby, ƙwararren likita ce mai ƙwarewa a fannin warkar da cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da na'urar warkarwa ta metahuman. Marasa lafiyarta sun haɗa da Murphy, Principal Cranston, Tyler, da Toby. == Manazarta == 1qc1ivuec631bu1subw2w7sh0lg0kzr 889116 889101 2026-07-29T18:48:28Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''PS238''''' wani littafi ne na barkwanci na Amurka wanda Aaron Williams ya rubuta kuma ya zana kuma [[Do Gooder Press]] ya buga. Yana bin diddigin rayuwar malamai da ɗalibai a [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantar firamare]] ta yara masu ƙarfin iko, wanda barkwancin ya kira metaprodigies. An kuma daidaita shi zuwa wasan kwaikwayo ta Hero Games, ta amfani da tsarin wasannin ''Champions'' ɗinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-12 |title=PS238 Role-Playing Game in the works! |url=http://www.gamingreport.com/article.php?sid=24333 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021011911/http://www.gamingreport.com/article.php?sid=24333 |archive-date=2007-10-21 |access-date=2008-01-26 |publisher=GamingReport.com}}</ref> == Tarihin bugawa == An buga Fitowa ta #0 a watan Nuwamba na 2002. Har zuwa fitowar #20 [[Dork Storm Press]] da Henchman Publishing ne suka buga shi. A watan Disamba na 2006, Aaron Williams ya fara wallafa shafin barkwanci bayan shafi a shafinsa na yanar gizo. An sabunta sigar yanar gizo a ranakun Litinin, Laraba da Juma'a. [[Fayil:Aaron_Williams_of_Nodwick_at_Gen_Con.jpg|left|thumb|Aaron Williams, wanda ya ƙirƙiri ''PS238'', a Gen Con Indy 2007.]] A cikin labarin, PS238 makaranta ce da aka kafa kwanan nan, mil uku ƙasa da Makarantar Excelsior da ake gani a matsayin ta al'ada, tare da yawancin malamai ba su da ƙwarewa ko kuma ba su da ƙwarewa a koyarwa, saboda yawancin malamai tsoffin jarumai ne. Wani ɓangare na makarantar an yi shi ne daga tsohuwar hedikwatar tauraron ɗan adam ta Union of Justice, wata ƙungiyar jarumai waɗanda membobinta suka kafa makarantar. Kowanne daga cikin Matsalolin daga #0-#2 yana bin halaye daban-daban. Fitowa ta 3 ta gabatar da '''Tyler Marlocke''', wanda ya zama babban jarumi. Iyayen Tyler, biyu daga cikin manyan mutane masu ƙarfin hali, sun ƙi yarda cewa ɗansu ba shi da manyan iko kuma sun sami damar shigar da shi a PS 238. Duk da cewa makarantar ta bar Tyler ya halarci, amma sai bayan sun yanke shawarar cewa zai fi aminci a makarantar fiye da ƙoƙarin iyayensa na gano duk wani babban iko da zai iya samu. Revenant, wanda yake kama da Batman kuma mai yaƙi da laifuka ba tare da ikon ɗan adam ba, an ɗauke shi a matsayin malamin Tyler kuma mai ba shi shawara. Da rashin son rai Tyler ya ɗauki asalin '''Moon Inuwa''', ya zama abokin Robin na Revenant. Toby, wanda yake kama da Tyler, ya ayyana kansa ɗan'uwansa tagwaye. Tyler ya yi abota da Cecil Holmes, Ambriel, Angie, Julie, Malphast da sauransu da yawa. Zodon ne kawai, daga cikin dukkan ɗaliban PS 238, yana ƙiyayya da Tyler - kuma Zodon yana ƙiyayya da ''kowa'' . Tyler yana da farin jini sosai har an taɓa zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban aji. A cikin tarihin almara na barkwanci, ainihin Shirin Mai Yin Rainmaker wani aiki ne na gwamnatin Amurka don nazarin manyan mutane, da nufin gano yadda za a bai wa mutane manyan mutane (ko a ɗauke su). Aikin ya fara ne a shekarun 1960 kuma ya mayar da hankali kan wani yaro, Harold Nelson, wanda ke da ikon sa [[ruwan sama]] ya fara da kuma dakatar da shi. Gwamnati ta ƙara zama cikin rashin tabbas game da metahumans kuma wani yaro wanda ba zai iya yaƙi da ƙarfi ba wani batu ne mai jan hankali na bincike. Tsawon shekaru 6, an yi wa Harold gwaje-gwaje don ƙoƙarin gano yadda ikonsa yake aiki, amma ba tare da nasara ba. Masanin kimiyya da ke aiki a kan aikin ya fara damuwa game da rashin sakamako kuma ya ɗauki matakai masu tsauri. Suna neman taimakon Dr. Irons (wani mai kula da shi da aka tsare a jikin robot) sun gwada sabuwar injin da Dr. Irons ya ƙirƙira. An ƙera injin ne don ƙara ƙarfin Harold, ba don yin nazarinsa ba, kuma da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, bangon dakin gwaje-gwaje ya karye. A wani fashewa da ya biyo baya, Dr. Irons ya rasa gawarsa kuma Harold ya yi gudu don ya dauke kan Dr. Irons da har yanzu ba a san abin da ya faru da Shirin Rainmaker ba bayan tserewar Harold. An fara Shirin Rainmaker na zamani ne lokacin da aka buɗe PS238 a matsayin wani shiri na daban wanda aka tsara wa waɗanda ke da manyan ƙasashe waɗanda aka ga ba su dace da manyan jarumai ba. Shirin yayi kama da na sauran makarantun sai dai yaran Rainmaker ba sa shiga cikin ayyukan kamar horar da yaƙi. Waɗanda ke cikin shirin sun haɗa da: * Juyawar duniya ta allahiyar Hestia ta Zuciya. * Ut, yaro ne wanda zai iya yin komai ya zama abin ci. * Zachary, yaro ne wanda zai iya haƙa ta kowace irin ƙasa ko dutse. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan magoya bayan Moon Shadow. * Lyle, yaro wanda zai iya fahimtar abubuwan da za su iya faruwa daga yanayin da ke kewaye da shi. * Kathy, yarinya ce da za ta iya sake gina duk wani abu daga cikin ragowarsa da kuma gyara duk wata na'ura da ta lalace (har da Dr. Positron). * Vera, yarinya ce da za ta iya ganin tarihin kowane abu ko yanki ta hanyar kallonsa ko taɓa shi . * Alec, yaro wanda zane-zanensa suka bayyana. * Orchid, yarinya ce da za ta iya hanzarta da kuma ƙara yawan shuke-shuke. * Steve, yaro mai ƙarfin kiɗa. * Marvin, wanda zai iya sa kowa ya yi barci nan take. * Vern (duba ƙasa). == Haruffa == Yawancin haruffa a cikin PS238 kwatance ne, girmamawa ko kuma barkwanci na jarumai daga wasu mawallafa. Sauran haruffan sun yi daidai da nau'ikan jarumai da aka saba gani: suna iya zama ko ba za su kasance nuni kai tsaye ga jarumai a wasu kafofin watsa labarai ba. === Jarumai === * Atlas ya zo Duniya daga duniyar Argos, ya faɗi a Iowa kuma wani tsohon manomi ne wanda ba shi da 'ya'ya nasa. Atlas yana da rauni ga Argonite, ya auri ɗan jarida, kuma a wani lokaci, yana da babban kare mai suna Argo. Kwatancen Superman a bayyane yake: Krypton/Argo, Kryptonite/Argonite, da sauransu. Babban bambanci shine cewa Argos, ba kamar Krypton ba, ba a lalata shi ba. Atlas ya yi tunanin yawancin rayuwarsa cewa an lalata shi, amma a fitowa ta 42 ya fahimci cewa wannan yaudara ce. Sunansa na Argonian shine Ul-Ron, kuma sunansa na farar hula na Duniya shine Ron Peterson, Babban. * Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, Mai Alfarma yana kama da Batman ; ba shi da manyan jarumai kuma maimakon haka ya dogara ne da ƙwarewar bincike, na'urori, dukiya, tsoratarwa, ƙwarewar jiki da ta hankali a yaƙinsa da laifuka. An ambace shi yana cewa, "Wani lokaci ina tsammanin samun kuɗi shine babban ƙarfin iko a cikin duka." Mai Alfarma wani hali ne daga wani ɗan gajeren labari na Michael Stackpole, "Peer Review". Mr. Stackpole ya ba da Mai Alfarma ga aikin ''PS238'' . Moon Shadow, Cecil Holmes, da The Flea almajiransa ne kuma abokan aikin Mai Alfarma. * Jarumai da dama membobin ƙungiyar ne da aka sani da Iyalin Nukiliya: ** First Strike, shugaban ƙungiya. ** Tushen Atomic. ** Ƙwayar Hankali, mai ƙirƙira mahaukaci. ** Saber na Plutonium. Kwalejojin PS238 sun haɗa da: * Alfred Cranston, shugaban makarantar, wanda ke da ikon telekinetic da telepathic wanda ya yi amfani da shi don taimaka masa ya zama shugaban ƙasa, kodayake yana da'awar kawai ya yi hakan ne don ya iya taimaka wa wasu. Lokacin da aka gano ikon tunaninsa, ya fuskanci juyin juya hali har sai da Union of Justice ta shiga tsakani. Wani ɓangare na tattaunawar barin aikinsa cikin lumana ya haɗa da fara PS238, tare da shi a matsayin shugaban makaranta, don koya wa matasa masu ilimin halin ɗan adam yadda za su yi amfani da ikonsu da kyau don guje wa irin waɗannan matsaloli a nan gaba. Ya kuma yarda ya sanya abin ɗaure kai wanda ke ɗauke da ikon tunaninsa, amma an lalata abin ɗaure kai a wani hatsari a lokacin wani fitowa daga baya. * Herschel Clay, wanda ke koyar da darasin shago kuma ya kasance yana yaƙi da laifuka a matsayin gwarzon sulke Mantium. * Likitan [[Saƙago|Boka]] na Positron. * Vashti Imperia, mai suna "Spell Syrin" mai sihiri. * Kocin Rockslide, mai iko da kamanni iri ɗaya da halin Marvel Comics Benjamin Grimm (wanda aka fi sani da The Thing ). * Cristina Kyle (wanda ya dogara ne akan matar Aaron Williams, Cristi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-09-02 |title=Gaming Geek, Comic Freak, Cool Guy |url=http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/sept04/awilliams.shtml |access-date=2008-04-12 |publisher=SequentialTart.com}}</ref> ), wacce sunan lambarta a matsayin jarumai shine "Micro Might." Superpower shine rage girmanta, amma ƙara ƙarfi da juriya. Ita kaɗai ce ma'aikaciyar malamar da ta sami gogewa a matsayin malamar makaranta kafin fara makarantar. * Alloy, wanda yake kama da halin Marvel Comics ' X-Men Colossus gabaɗaya, amma da alama yana da ikon canza tsarin atomic na ƙarfe akan teburin periodic - a cikin wani fitowar an lura da shi a matsayin canza tsarin bango na PS238 zuwa zinare don sauƙaƙa wa Rockslide wargajewa. Alloy kuma yana da babban ƙaunar Star Trek, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin himmarsa lokacin da Wil Wheaton ya bayyana don bikin baje kolin aiki a makaranta. * Dr. Newby, ƙwararren likita ce mai ƙwarewa a fannin warkar da cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da na'urar warkarwa ta metahuman. Marasa lafiyarta sun haɗa da Murphy, Principal Cranston, Tyler, da Toby. == Manazarta == ewnsf04ykhpc0mr267kjq4rp3jmzvez 0 162479 889108 2026-07-29T18:26:23Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa 889108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba Anas Adamu''' (30 ga Yuni 1956 – Mayu 2026)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2026/05/12/ex-jigawa-lawmaker-dies-after-payment-of-n50m-ransom-to-kidnappers/|title=Ex-Jigawa lawmaker dies after payment of N50m ransom to kidnappers|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|first=Nan|last=Ismail|date=12 May 2026|access-date=21 July 2026}}</ref> ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne. An zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar [[House of Representatives (Nigeria)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya]] a shekarar 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/adamu-hon-abba-anas/|title=Hon. Adamu Abba|work=[[House of Representatives (Nigeria)|House of Representatives of Nigeria]]|access-date=21 July 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == cwarqhjkykiya7zgrsb640ttlyud5cw 0 162480 889110 2026-07-29T18:40:05Z Saad Nuhu 43323 sabon wallafa akan dan kasuwa 889110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Obande''' ɗan kasuwar [[Najeriya]] ne daga tsohuwar [[Arewacin Najeriya|Yankin Arewacin Najeriya]]. Ya kasance ƙaramin ministan gwamnati mai kula da Rundunar Sojin Ƙasa ta Najeriya a lokacin [[Jamhuriyar Farko ta Najeriya]]. A shekarar 1959, ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren majalisa ga Firayim Minista [[Tafawa Balewa]]. ==Manazarta== *K. W. J. Post; The Nigerian Federal Election of 1959: Politics and Administration in a Developing Political System. Oxford University Press, 1963, p54-55. {{Authority control}} 03hcrf9758zjtetpfajkso5wbnti54s 0 162481 889117 2026-07-29T18:54:17Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326818432|KRI Dewaruci]]" 889117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''KRI ''Dewaruci''''' (wani lokacin ana rubuta '''''Dewa Ruci''''' ko '''''Dewarutji''''' ) jirgin ruwa ne mai tsayi na Ajin A kuma jirgin barquentine ɗaya tilo da rundunar sojin ruwan Indonesiya ke da shi kuma ke tafiyar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2011 |title=Dewaruci starts goodwill mission to Asia |url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/73452/dewaruci-starts-goodwill-mission-to-asia}}</ref> Ana amfani da ita a matsayin jirgin ruwan horar da jiragen ruwa ga ɗaliban sojojin ruwa kuma ita ce jirgin ruwa mafi tsayi a cikin jiragen ruwan Indonesiya. ''Dewaruci'' kuma yana aiki a matsayin jakadan alheri ga Indonesia ga sauran duniya. An gina shi a [[Jamus]] ta hannun HC Stülcken Sohn a Steinwerder, [[Hamburg]] . <ref name="Miramar">{{Cite web |title=Dewarutji |url=http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz/ship/show?nameid=101844&shipid=47592 |access-date=25 March 2014 |website=Miramar Ship Index |publisher=R A Haworth, Wellington NZ (subscription required)}}</ref> An fara gina ''Dewaruci'' a shekarar 1932, amma an dakatar da ita saboda barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], wanda ya yi barna mai yawa a tashar jiragen ruwa da ake gina ta.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2014}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1953 kuma an kammala ta a ranar 9 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar. <ref name="Miramar" /> Tun daga lokacin, tana zaune a [[Surabaya]] a Tekun Java . Sunanta da siffarta suna wakiltar kuma suna nuna allahn Javanese ''wayang'' na gaskiya da jarumtaka. An kuma yi amfani da jirgin ruwan wajen shirya fim ɗin Anna da King, inda [[Jodie Foster]] ta fito a matsayin jaruma. ''Dewaruci'' kuma yana shiga cikin tseren jiragen ruwa masu tsayi da abubuwan da suka faru a duniya. A matsayin wata alama ta musamman, jirgin ruwan yana da nasa ƙungiyar mawaƙa . A shekarar 2010, ƙungiyar ' ''Dewaruci'' ta yi murna da nishadantar da jama'a a Hartlepool a bikin Tall Ships Crew Parade. Kuzarinsu, sha'awarsu, da kuma ƙwarewarsu sun ba su kyautar mafi kyawun ma'aikatan jirgin a faretin ma'aikatan jirgin. Saboda shekarunta, za a dakatar da aikin ''Dewaruci'' sannan a nuna shi a gidan adana kayan tarihi na sojojin ruwa. Majalisar Dokokin Indonesiya ta amince ta sayi wani jirgin ruwa mai tsayi kuma ta ware dala miliyan 80 (Rp720 biliyan) don wannan dalili. Za a kammala sabon jirgin ruwan a shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2012 |title=Saran DPR, Kapal Baru Tetap Bernama Dewaruci |url=http://www.jpnn.com/read/2012/01/15/114219/Saran-DPR,-Kapal-Baru-Tetap-Bernama-Dewaruci-}}</ref> An sanya wa ginshiƙan uku suna ne bayan 'ya'yan Pandu guda uku, daga Pandava . Foremast, mai suna " Bima " - {{Convert|35.3|m}} ) # Jigon tashi # Jibin waje # Jigon tsakiya # Jigon ciki # Sarauta # Topgallant # Babban jirgin sama # Ƙananan tafin ƙafa # Jirgin Sama Babban mast, mai suna " Arjuna " - {{Convert|35.9|m}} # Babban abin rufe fuska # Babban jirgin saman saman # Babban jirgin ruwa na hutu # Babban jirgin ruwa mai tsayi # Babban jirgin ruwa Mizzenmast, mai suna " Yudhistira " - {{Convert|32.5|m}} # Tashar jirgin sama ta Mizzen # Mizzen == Manazarta == fzn9h8oeiq9wmlj25g98yolejhyruud 889118 889117 2026-07-29T18:54:43Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''KRI ''Dewaruci''''' (wani lokacin ana rubuta '''''Dewa Ruci''''' ko '''''Dewarutji''''' ) jirgin ruwa ne mai tsayi na Ajin A kuma jirgin barquentine ɗaya tilo da rundunar sojin ruwan Indonesiya ke da shi kuma ke tafiyar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2011 |title=Dewaruci starts goodwill mission to Asia |url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/73452/dewaruci-starts-goodwill-mission-to-asia}}</ref> Ana amfani da ita a matsayin jirgin ruwan horar da jiragen ruwa ga ɗaliban sojojin ruwa kuma ita ce jirgin ruwa mafi tsayi a cikin jiragen ruwan Indonesiya. ''Dewaruci'' kuma yana aiki a matsayin jakadan alheri ga Indonesia ga sauran duniya. An gina shi a [[Jamus]] ta hannun HC Stülcken Sohn a Steinwerder, [[Hamburg]] . <ref name="Miramar">{{Cite web |title=Dewarutji |url=http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz/ship/show?nameid=101844&shipid=47592 |access-date=25 March 2014 |website=Miramar Ship Index |publisher=R A Haworth, Wellington NZ (subscription required)}}</ref> An fara gina ''Dewaruci'' a shekarar 1932, amma an dakatar da ita saboda barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], wanda ya yi barna mai yawa a tashar jiragen ruwa da ake gina ta.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2014}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1953 kuma an kammala ta a ranar 9 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar. <ref name="Miramar" /> Tun daga lokacin, tana zaune a [[Surabaya]] a Tekun Java . Sunanta da siffarta suna wakiltar kuma suna nuna allahn Javanese ''wayang'' na gaskiya da jarumtaka. An kuma yi amfani da jirgin ruwan wajen shirya fim ɗin Anna da King, inda [[Jodie Foster]] ta fito a matsayin jaruma. ''Dewaruci'' kuma yana shiga cikin tseren jiragen ruwa masu tsayi da abubuwan da suka faru a duniya. A matsayin wata alama ta musamman, jirgin ruwan yana da nasa ƙungiyar mawaƙa . A shekarar 2010, ƙungiyar ' ''Dewaruci'' ta yi murna da nishadantar da jama'a a Hartlepool a bikin Tall Ships Crew Parade. Kuzarinsu, sha'awarsu, da kuma ƙwarewarsu sun ba su kyautar mafi kyawun ma'aikatan jirgin a faretin ma'aikatan jirgin. Saboda shekarunta, za a dakatar da aikin ''Dewaruci'' sannan a nuna shi a gidan adana kayan tarihi na sojojin ruwa. Majalisar Dokokin Indonesiya ta amince ta sayi wani jirgin ruwa mai tsayi kuma ta ware dala miliyan 80 (Rp720 biliyan) don wannan dalili. Za a kammala sabon jirgin ruwan a shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2012 |title=Saran DPR, Kapal Baru Tetap Bernama Dewaruci |url=http://www.jpnn.com/read/2012/01/15/114219/Saran-DPR,-Kapal-Baru-Tetap-Bernama-Dewaruci-}}</ref> An sanya wa ginshiƙan uku suna ne bayan 'ya'yan Pandu guda uku, daga Pandava . Foremast, mai suna " Bima " - {{Convert|35.3|m}} ) # Jigon tashi # Jibin waje # Jigon tsakiya # Jigon ciki # Sarauta # Topgallant # Babban jirgin sama # Ƙananan tafin ƙafa # Jirgin Sama Babban mast, mai suna " Arjuna " - {{Convert|35.9|m}} # Babban abin rufe fuska # Babban jirgin saman saman # Babban jirgin ruwa na hutu # Babban jirgin ruwa mai tsayi # Babban jirgin ruwa Mizzenmast, mai suna " Yudhistira " - {{Convert|32.5|m}} # Tashar jirgin sama ta Mizzen # Mizzen == Manazarta == 3mcupch0c0q88v6md6qwstiaz5yhhrw 0 162482 889119 2026-07-29T18:56:38Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355294055|Alice O'Malley]]" 889119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alice O'Malley''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1962) 'yar Amurka ce mai ɗaukar hoto. An san ta da hotunanta na 'yan luwaɗi, kuma mai ɗaukar hoto ce da kanta da ke zaune a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi O'Malley a shekarar 1962, a Buffalo, New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice O'Malley |url=https://burchfieldpenney.org/art-and-artists/people/profile:alice-omalley/#alice-omalley |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Burchfield Penney Art Center}}</ref> Aikin daukar hotonta ya nuna masu fasahar zane-zane da mazauna Lower East Side na Manhattan, wadanda aka dauka a cikin situdiyonta a fim din baki da fari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Face: Stonewall, Revolt and New Queer Art |url=https://wrightwood659.org/exhibitions/about-face-stonewall-revolt-and-new-queer-art/ |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Wrightwood 659 |language=en}}</ref> O'Malley malami ne a Cibiyar Daukar Hoto ta Duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AliceOMalley |url=https://www.icp.org/users/aliceomalley |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=International Center of Photography (ICP)}}</ref> An kuma buga ayyukanta a cikin ''Jaridar New Yorker'', ''Vogue'' da ''Jaridar New York Times Style'' . Ayyukanta wani ɓangare ne na babban baje kolin rukuni, ''wani filin fure da annashuwa'' (2025) a Gidan Tarihi na Koyarwa na Frances Young Tang da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a Kwalejin Skidmore da ke Saratoga Springs, New York, wanda Ian Berry ya shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=a field of bloom and hum |url=https://tang.skidmore.edu/exhibitions/636-a-field-of-bloom-and-hum |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Tang Teaching Museum |language=en}}</ref> Aikin O'Malley yana cikin tarin kayan tarihi, aikin mai taken ''Kenny da Sabrina, NYC 2004'' (2007) wani ɓangare ne na tarin a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Philadelphia ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice O'Malley, Kenny and Sabrina, NYC 2004, 2004 (negative); 2007 (print) |url=https://www.philamuseum.org/objects/341667 |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Philadelphia Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref> da kuma rubutun azurfa na gelatin akan takarda mai taken ''Self Portrait, New York'' (2002) wani ɓangare ne na tarin a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Burchfield Penney da ke Jami'ar Jihar Buffalo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Self Portrait, New York |url=https://burchfieldpenney.org/art-and-artists/artwork/object:2008-040-002-self-portrait-new-york/ |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Burchfield Penney Art Center}}</ref> * == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] cco4x31pk3w752vv9k8heqg8tba92qx 889120 889119 2026-07-29T18:57:00Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alice O'Malley''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1962) 'yar Amurka ce mai ɗaukar hoto. An san ta da hotunanta na 'yan luwaɗi, kuma mai ɗaukar hoto ce da kanta da ke zaune a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi O'Malley a shekarar 1962, a Buffalo, New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice O'Malley |url=https://burchfieldpenney.org/art-and-artists/people/profile:alice-omalley/#alice-omalley |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Burchfield Penney Art Center}}</ref> Aikin daukar hotonta ya nuna masu fasahar zane-zane da mazauna Lower East Side na Manhattan, wadanda aka dauka a cikin situdiyonta a fim din baki da fari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Face: Stonewall, Revolt and New Queer Art |url=https://wrightwood659.org/exhibitions/about-face-stonewall-revolt-and-new-queer-art/ |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Wrightwood 659 |language=en}}</ref> O'Malley malami ne a Cibiyar Daukar Hoto ta Duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AliceOMalley |url=https://www.icp.org/users/aliceomalley |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=International Center of Photography (ICP)}}</ref> An kuma buga ayyukanta a cikin ''Jaridar New Yorker'', ''Vogue'' da ''Jaridar New York Times Style'' . Ayyukanta wani ɓangare ne na babban baje kolin rukuni, ''wani filin fure da annashuwa'' (2025) a Gidan Tarihi na Koyarwa na Frances Young Tang da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a Kwalejin Skidmore da ke Saratoga Springs, New York, wanda Ian Berry ya shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=a field of bloom and hum |url=https://tang.skidmore.edu/exhibitions/636-a-field-of-bloom-and-hum |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Tang Teaching Museum |language=en}}</ref> Aikin O'Malley yana cikin tarin kayan tarihi, aikin mai taken ''Kenny da Sabrina, NYC 2004'' (2007) wani ɓangare ne na tarin a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Philadelphia ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice O'Malley, Kenny and Sabrina, NYC 2004, 2004 (negative); 2007 (print) |url=https://www.philamuseum.org/objects/341667 |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Philadelphia Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref> da kuma rubutun azurfa na gelatin akan takarda mai taken ''Self Portrait, New York'' (2002) wani ɓangare ne na tarin a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Burchfield Penney da ke Jami'ar Jihar Buffalo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Self Portrait, New York |url=https://burchfieldpenney.org/art-and-artists/artwork/object:2008-040-002-self-portrait-new-york/ |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Burchfield Penney Art Center}}</ref> * == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] ptct6ezkbiha1osrwr8ic28on3s55mk 0 162483 889126 2026-07-29T19:18:17Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311408645|Badman Review]]" 889126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Graham Badman]], tsohon Daraktan Ayyukan Yara a Majalisar Kent County ne ya gudanar da '''Mujallar Badman Review''', wadda aka fi sani da '''Bitar Ilimi a Gida ta Zaɓe a [[Ingila]]''' . An ba da umarnin yin bitar a ranar 19 ga Janairu 2009 ta hannun Ed Balls Sakataren Harkokin Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai tare da izinin bincika ayyukan hukumomin yankin a halin yanzu dangane da masu koyar da gida, da kuma bincika ko za a iya amfani da ilimin gida a matsayin kariya ga wasu nau'ikan cin zarafin yara, kamar auren dole da bauta a gida. An buga a ranar 11 ga Yuni 2009, shawarwarin bitar da suka shafi tsaro sun sami karbuwa sosai daga Ed Balls a ranar da aka buga su. Binciken ya gano babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa ilimin gida yana da alaƙa da auren dole, bauta ko fataucin yara. An kammala tattaunawa ta jama'a kan shawarwarin da aka bayar a cikin bitar a watan Oktoban 2009. Sharhin ya haifar da fushi mai yawa tsakanin malaman gida waɗanda suka ƙi sharhin Badman a matsayin wanda aka yi gaggawa, ba a yi bincike sosai ba, ba shi da daidaito kuma bai bayar da wata shaida ba don tabbatar da shawarwarinsa. Dan majalisar dokoki na jam'iyyar Conservative Mark Field ya yi magana game da duk wani sauyi da aka samu a dokokin da suka shafi ilimi a Ingila . Ya gabatar da muhawara a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2009 inda ya yi jayayya kan cewa yanayin da ake ciki ya ci gaba da kasancewa. A ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2009, Kwamitin Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai (Kwamitin Zaɓe na Majalisa wanda ke kula da aikin Ma'aikatar Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai) ya sanar da nasa binciken game da yadda aka gudanar da Sharhin Badman. An buga rahotonta a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2009. : '''Takaitaccen Bayani na Kwamitin Zaɓaɓɓu da Kammalawa''' : Kwamitin Zaɓe ya amince da ra'ayin tsarin yin rijista don ilmantar da iyalai a gida, kodayake ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi shi da son rai a matakin farko. Duk da haka, kwamitin ya soki wasu shawarwari da ke cikin rahoton Badman, da kuma yadda DCSF ta tafiyar da bitar: :* ''Inda muka yi imanin cewa Rahoton Badman da shawarwarin da ke cikin Dokar Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai suna fuskantar matsala ne a cikin haɗakar batutuwan ilimi da tsaro'' :* ''Yadda Ma'aikatar ta gudanar da bitar Badman abin takaici ne - tun daga yadda ta tsara bitar, har zuwa tsara dokoki kafin a buga sakamakon shawarwarin da suka shafi hakan.'' ''Muna fatan cewa Ma'aikatar za ta koya daga wannan shirin yayin da take ci gaba da yin bita a nan gaba a nan gaba'' : Shawarwarin Kwamitin Zaɓe sun haɗa da: :* Duk wani tsarin yin rijista don ilmantar da iyalai a gida ya kamata ya zama mai sauƙi. Ganin damuwar da malaman gida suka nuna game da yin rijistar dole, muna ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi rijistar da son rai. :* Ba mu yi imani da cewa ziyarar gida da jami'an hukumomin yankin ke yi kowace shekara zuwa ilmantar da iyalai a gida zai wakilci ci gaba kan dokokin kariya da ake da su ba. :* Ba mu da tabbacin cewa ya kamata a yi waɗannan tarurrukan a gidan iyali a kowane hali. :* Ba mu yi imani cewa ya kamata a bai wa jami'an hukumomin yankin da ke da alhakin hulɗa da iyalai na gida damar yin hira da yaro da ke nesa da iyayen yaron ba. :* Muna damuwa cewa duk wani sa ido kan samar da ilimi a gida bai kamata ya rage sassauci da 'yancin da iyalai ke samu a yanzu dangane da ilmantarwa da ci gaban yaron ba. A yammacin ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2009, an yi tarihi a Majalisar Wakilai lokacin da aka sanya mafi yawan koke-koke da aka taɓa gabatarwa a lokaci guda kan batu ɗaya a cikin jakar koke-koke a bayan kujerar Shugaban Majalisa. Ɗan majalisar dokoki mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Graham Stuart ya gabatar da buƙatar da ke watsi da shawarwarin Badman Review daga malaman gida a faɗin Ingila da Wales inda ya bayyana cewa:<blockquote>Wannan dare ne mai tarihi. Sama da 'yan majalisa 70 masu girma da kuma masu hazaka za su gabatar da koke-koke daga mazabu sama da 120 daban-daban da ke adawa da yin rijistar dole da kuma sa ido kan yaran da suka yi karatu a gida.</blockquote> == Dokoki == Bayan amincewa da Badman Review, gwamnati ta gabatar da kudirin dokar Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai wanda zai gyara Dokar Ilimi ta 1996 don a buƙaci a yi wa yaran da aka koyar da su a gida rijista da hukumar [[Ƙaramar hukuma|yankin]] . An yi watsi da sauye-sauyen da aka gabatar saboda rashin goyon bayan jam'iyyu daban-daban kafin zaben da ake sa ran yi a watan Mayun 2010 == Manazarta == ig1ucdk4dbgzhmh1rkmgmqnzrq0julo 889127 889126 2026-07-29T19:18:49Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Graham Badman]], tsohon Daraktan Ayyukan Yara a Majalisar Kent County ne ya gudanar da '''Mujallar Badman Review''', wadda aka fi sani da '''Bitar Ilimi a Gida ta Zaɓe a [[Ingila]]''' . An ba da umarnin yin bitar a ranar 19 ga Janairu 2009 ta hannun Ed Balls Sakataren Harkokin Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai tare da izinin bincika ayyukan hukumomin yankin a halin yanzu dangane da masu koyar da gida, da kuma bincika ko za a iya amfani da ilimin gida a matsayin kariya ga wasu nau'ikan cin zarafin yara, kamar auren dole da bauta a gida. An buga a ranar 11 ga Yuni 2009, shawarwarin bitar da suka shafi tsaro sun sami karbuwa sosai daga Ed Balls a ranar da aka buga su. Binciken ya gano babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa ilimin gida yana da alaƙa da auren dole, bauta ko fataucin yara. An kammala tattaunawa ta jama'a kan shawarwarin da aka bayar a cikin bitar a watan Oktoban 2009. Sharhin ya haifar da fushi mai yawa tsakanin malaman gida waɗanda suka ƙi sharhin Badman a matsayin wanda aka yi gaggawa, ba a yi bincike sosai ba, ba shi da daidaito kuma bai bayar da wata shaida ba don tabbatar da shawarwarinsa. Dan majalisar dokoki na jam'iyyar Conservative Mark Field ya yi magana game da duk wani sauyi da aka samu a dokokin da suka shafi ilimi a Ingila . Ya gabatar da muhawara a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2009 inda ya yi jayayya kan cewa yanayin da ake ciki ya ci gaba da kasancewa. A ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2009, Kwamitin Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai (Kwamitin Zaɓe na Majalisa wanda ke kula da aikin Ma'aikatar Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai) ya sanar da nasa binciken game da yadda aka gudanar da Sharhin Badman. An buga rahotonta a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2009. : '''Takaitaccen Bayani na Kwamitin Zaɓaɓɓu da Kammalawa''' : Kwamitin Zaɓe ya amince da ra'ayin tsarin yin rijista don ilmantar da iyalai a gida, kodayake ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi shi da son rai a matakin farko. Duk da haka, kwamitin ya soki wasu shawarwari da ke cikin rahoton Badman, da kuma yadda DCSF ta tafiyar da bitar: :* ''Inda muka yi imanin cewa Rahoton Badman da shawarwarin da ke cikin Dokar Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai suna fuskantar matsala ne a cikin haɗakar batutuwan ilimi da tsaro'' :* ''Yadda Ma'aikatar ta gudanar da bitar Badman abin takaici ne - tun daga yadda ta tsara bitar, har zuwa tsara dokoki kafin a buga sakamakon shawarwarin da suka shafi hakan.'' ''Muna fatan cewa Ma'aikatar za ta koya daga wannan shirin yayin da take ci gaba da yin bita a nan gaba a nan gaba'' : Shawarwarin Kwamitin Zaɓe sun haɗa da: :* Duk wani tsarin yin rijista don ilmantar da iyalai a gida ya kamata ya zama mai sauƙi. Ganin damuwar da malaman gida suka nuna game da yin rijistar dole, muna ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi rijistar da son rai. :* Ba mu yi imani da cewa ziyarar gida da jami'an hukumomin yankin ke yi kowace shekara zuwa ilmantar da iyalai a gida zai wakilci ci gaba kan dokokin kariya da ake da su ba. :* Ba mu da tabbacin cewa ya kamata a yi waɗannan tarurrukan a gidan iyali a kowane hali. :* Ba mu yi imani cewa ya kamata a bai wa jami'an hukumomin yankin da ke da alhakin hulɗa da iyalai na gida damar yin hira da yaro da ke nesa da iyayen yaron ba. :* Muna damuwa cewa duk wani sa ido kan samar da ilimi a gida bai kamata ya rage sassauci da 'yancin da iyalai ke samu a yanzu dangane da ilmantarwa da ci gaban yaron ba. A yammacin ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2009, an yi tarihi a Majalisar Wakilai lokacin da aka sanya mafi yawan koke-koke da aka taɓa gabatarwa a lokaci guda kan batu ɗaya a cikin jakar koke-koke a bayan kujerar Shugaban Majalisa. Ɗan majalisar dokoki mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Graham Stuart ya gabatar da buƙatar da ke watsi da shawarwarin Badman Review daga malaman gida a faɗin Ingila da Wales inda ya bayyana cewa:<blockquote>Wannan dare ne mai tarihi. Sama da 'yan majalisa 70 masu girma da kuma masu hazaka za su gabatar da koke-koke daga mazabu sama da 120 daban-daban da ke adawa da yin rijistar dole da kuma sa ido kan yaran da suka yi karatu a gida.</blockquote> == Dokoki == Bayan amincewa da Badman Review, gwamnati ta gabatar da kudirin dokar Yara, Makarantu da Iyalai wanda zai gyara Dokar Ilimi ta 1996 don a buƙaci a yi wa yaran da aka koyar da su a gida rijista da hukumar [[Ƙaramar hukuma|yankin]] . An yi watsi da sauye-sauyen da aka gabatar saboda rashin goyon bayan jam'iyyu daban-daban kafin zaben da ake sa ran yi a watan Mayun 2010 == Manazarta == h91i08r89617suuo3glnznzcchdb238 0 162484 889128 2026-07-29T19:19:34Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359398847|Centro de Educación Artística]]" 889128 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Centro de Educación Artística''' ( '''CEA''' ) cibiyar koyar da nishaɗantarwa ce a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Meziko]] wacce babbar ƙungiyar watsa labarai ta ƙasar, [[Televisa]] ke gudanarwa. An kafa makarantar ne a wuraren kamfanin da ke unguwar San Ángel da ke [[Mexico (birni)|birnin Mexico]], a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1978 kuma cibiyar koyar da hazikan mutane ne da ke aiki a gidajen talabijin, wasan kwaikwayo da barkwanci na cibiyar, tare da masana'antar fina-finai ta Mexico da ma wasu wurare. Dole ne masu neman aiki su kasance tsakanin shekaru 17 zuwa 23, tare da tsari mai kyau, domin masu neman aiki 35 zuwa 40 ne kawai daga cikin kusan 5,000 a kowace shekara ake karɓe su cikin shirin na shekaru uku. Televisa ce ke ɗaukar nauyin karatun shirin, kuma ya ƙunshi awanni 45 na aikin kwas da kuma wasan kwaikwayo a kowane mako. Akwai wani shiri na biyu ga matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka sani da "CEA Infantil". == Manazarta == 7u5tlp3zguczrtanwuv2cs77v3mvf89 889129 889128 2026-07-29T19:20:00Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Centro de Educación Artística''' ( '''CEA''' ) cibiyar koyar da nishaɗantarwa ce a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Meziko]] wacce babbar ƙungiyar watsa labarai ta ƙasar, [[Televisa]] ke gudanarwa. An kafa makarantar ne a wuraren kamfanin da ke unguwar San Ángel da ke [[Mexico (birni)|birnin Mexico]], a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1978 kuma cibiyar koyar da hazikan mutane ne da ke aiki a gidajen talabijin, wasan kwaikwayo da barkwanci na cibiyar, tare da masana'antar fina-finai ta Mexico da ma wasu wurare. Dole ne masu neman aiki su kasance tsakanin shekaru 17 zuwa 23, tare da tsari mai kyau, domin masu neman aiki 35 zuwa 40 ne kawai daga cikin kusan 5,000 a kowace shekara ake karɓe su cikin shirin na shekaru uku. Televisa ce ke ɗaukar nauyin karatun shirin, kuma ya ƙunshi awanni 45 na aikin kwas da kuma wasan kwaikwayo a kowane mako. Akwai wani shiri na biyu ga matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka sani da "CEA Infantil". == Manazarta == nuub09doci1fimaqljgj1fk4bwog6v8 0 162485 889130 2026-07-29T19:20:57Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1137451676|Attercliffe Academy]]" 889130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Attercliffe Academy''' wata makarantar koyon aikin Dissenting ce da Timothy Jollie ya kafa a arewacin Ingila . Richard Frankland ya kafa [[Kwalejin Rathmell]] a Rathmell, amma an tilasta masa yin ƙaura sau da yawa. Makarantar ta koma Attercliffe, wani yanki na [[Sheffield]], Yorkshire, ta bar ta a ƙarshen Yulin 1689, sakamakon mutuwar ɗan da ya fi so, sannan ta koma Rathmell. Ɗalibinsa Timothy Jollie, ministan mai zaman kansa a Sheffield, ya fara wata makarantar sakandare a Attercliffe bisa ƙa'ida mafi ƙayyadadden tsari fiye da ta Frankland, ban da lissafi 'wanda ke nuna shakku.' == Bayanan kula == <references /> == Manazarta == by94klyupg3azajkpwyogeftzpv06ij 889132 889130 2026-07-29T19:22:12Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Attercliffe Academy''' wata makarantar koyon aikin Dissenting ce da Timothy Jollie ya kafa a arewacin Ingila . Richard Frankland ya kafa [[Kwalejin Rathmell]] a Rathmell, amma an tilasta masa yin ƙaura sau da yawa. Makarantar ta koma Attercliffe, wani yanki na [[Sheffield]], Yorkshire, ta bar ta a ƙarshen Yulin 1689, sakamakon mutuwar ɗan da ya fi so, sannan ta koma Rathmell. Ɗalibinsa Timothy Jollie, ministan mai zaman kansa a Sheffield, ya fara wata makarantar sakandare a Attercliffe bisa ƙa'ida mafi ƙayyadadden tsari fiye da ta Frankland, ban da lissafi 'wanda ke nuna shakku.' == Bayanan kula == <references /> == Manazarta == fo4ho1uhc95kzk1g619wv5jauwdtau3 0 162486 889147 2026-07-29T19:51:59Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357986539|Janaúba massacre]]" 889147 wikitext text/x-wiki A safiyar ranar Alhamis, 5 Oktoba 2017, Damião Soares dos Santos, mai gadin dare a gidan kulawa na Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil Gente Inocente a Janaúba, Minas Gerais, [[Brazil]], ya mamaye wani aji inda yawancin yara tsakanin shekaru 3 da 7 suka shiga cikin ayyukan makaranta. Santos ya kulle ƙofar ya kuma zuba mai a kan yara da yawa, ma'aikata da kansa. Gobarar da ta faru ta kashe mutum goma sha huɗu, ciki har da shi, yara goma da manya uku, sannan ta raunata mutum talatin da bakwai. == Wuta == Kafin gobarar, an sallami Damião Soares dos Santos daga aiki bayan ya ɗauki hutun shekara-shekara a watan da ya gabata saboda wata rashin lafiya da ya yi. Ya je wurin kula da yara don ya miƙa takardar shaidar lafiyarsa kafin ya kunna wuta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 6, 2017 |title=Brazil nursery attack: Children set on fire in Minas Gerais |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41515503 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032600/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41515503 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=September 22, 2021 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya kunna wutar, shi ma ya kunna wa kansa wuta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Westcott |first=Flora Charner and Ben |date=2017-10-06 |title=Four children killed after Brazil day care center set ablaze by security guard |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/06/americas/brazil-daycare-fire/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325155110/https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/06/americas/brazil-daycare-fire/index.html |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=2021-09-22 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Gobara ta mamaye harabar, inda ta kashe yara huɗu a wurin, sannan ta yi sanadiyyar raunata 37. Bayan an kai su asibiti, akalla yara huɗu, malami da mai ƙonewa sun mutu. Akalla malami ɗaya ya yi ƙoƙarin dakatar da shi ya kuma ceci wasu daga cikin yaran kafin ta ji rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferreia |first=Fabricio |date=2017-10-06 |title=Ten killed in daycare fire, 43 injured |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/geral/noticia/2017-10/seven-killed-daycare-fire-43-injured |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415104904/https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/geral/noticia/2017-10/seven-killed-daycare-fire-43-injured |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2021-09-22 |website=Agência Brasil |language=en}}</ref> == Wadanda abin ya shafa == Wani yaro, Matheus Felipe Rocha, 5, ya mutu a ranar Oktoba 9, da Geni Oliveira Lopes Martins, 63, ya mutu a ranar Nuwamba 6, da Jéssica Morgana Silva Santos, malami, ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Disamba. Bayan mutuwar Gabriel Carvalho Oliveira, mai shekaru 5, a ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2018, adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu zuwa 14. Wasu daga cikin wadanda suka ji rauni sun sha wahala daga shakar hayaki. An tura wasu wadanda abin ya shafa zuwa Santa Casa de Montes Claros, kusan 130&nbsp;kilomita daga Janaúba. An kai waɗanda suka fi konewa da jirgin sama zuwa asibitin João XXIII da ke Belo Horizonte, kimanin mita 550.&nbsp;kilomita nesa, wanda ke da kulawa ta musamman ta ƙonawa. Shari'ar ta motsa ƙasar kuma ta haifar da sakamako daga ƙasashen duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Death Toll at Brazil Day Care Center Rises to 9 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/10/06/world/americas/ap-lt-brazil-day-care-fire.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007030727/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/10/06/world/americas/ap-lt-brazil-day-care-fire.html |archive-date=7 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Charner |first=Flora |last2=Ben Westcott |first2=Ben |date=6 October 2017 |title=Four children killed after Brazil day care center set ablaze by security guard |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/06/americas/brazil-daycare-fire/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007032612/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/06/americas/brazil-daycare-fire/index.html |archive-date=7 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2017 |title=Vigia coloca fogo e mata crianças dentro de creche em Janaúba, no Norte de Minas |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/05/interna_gerais,906255/vigia-coloca-fogo-e-mata-criancas-de-janauba-dentro-de-creche.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031134/https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/05/interna_gerais,906255/vigia-coloca-fogo-e-mata-criancas-de-janauba-dentro-de-creche.shtml |archive-date=8 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=O Estado de Minas}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lisboa |first=Adriana |last2=Pereira |first2=Marina |last3=Peixoto |first3=Juliana |date=5 October 2017 |title=Segurança ateia fogo em creche de Janaúba e mata crianças e professora |url=https://g1.globo.com/mg/grande-minas/noticia/guarda-de-creche-em-janauba-ateia-fogo-em-criancas-deixando-mortos-e-feridos.ghtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006020617/https://g1.globo.com/mg/grande-minas/noticia/guarda-de-creche-em-janauba-ateia-fogo-em-criancas-deixando-mortos-e-feridos.ghtml |archive-date=6 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=Globo.com}}</ref> An ambaci sunayen mamatan;{{Div col|colwidth=15em|content=*Damião Soares dos Santos, 50, the arsonist * Ana Clara Ferreira Silva, 4 * Luiz Davi Carlos Rodrigues, 4 * Juan Pablo Cruz dos Santos, 4 * Juan Miguel Soares Silva, 4 * Renan Nicolas Santos, 4 * Yasmin Medeiros Salvino, 4 * Cecília Davine G. Dias, 4 * Talita Vitória Bispo, 4 * Matheus Felipe Rocha, 5 * Gabriel Carvalho Oliveira, 5 *Jéssica Morgana Silva Santos, 23 * [[Heley de Abreu Silva Batista]], teacher, 43 * Geni Oliveira Lopes Martins, 63}} == Mai laifi == YMai gadin dare, Damião Soares dos Santos (21 Mayu 1967, Porteirinha, a yankin arewacin Minas Gerais - 5 Oktoba 2017), ya zauna a Janaúba, a cikin sunan jihar Brazil inda danginsa ke zaune. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ricci |first=Larissa |last2=Paranaiba |first2=Guilherme |last3=Vale |first3=João Henrique do |last4=Lobato |first4=Paulo Henrique |date=6 October 2017 |title=Distúrbio psiquiátrico e obsessão: saiba quem era o vigia que matou crianças em Janaúba |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/06/interna_gerais,906551/veja-o-perfil-do-vigia-que-matou-criancas-em-incendio-em-janauba.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006194500/https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/06/interna_gerais,906551/veja-o-perfil-do-vigia-que-matou-criancas-em-incendio-em-janauba.shtml |archive-date=6 October 2017 |access-date=8 October 2017 |website=Estado de Minas}}</ref> Ya zaɓi bikin cika shekaru uku na mutuwar mahaifinsa saboda gobarar kula da yara. 'Yan sanda sun gano iskar gas a gidansa, kuma kwana biyu kafin gobarar, ya shaida wa iyalansa cewa zai mutu, kuma hakan zai zama "kyautar" da zai ba su. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwa daga cikin goma sha ɗaya. A cewar maƙwabta, mutum ne mai hankali wanda ke sayar wa yara 'ya'yan itacen popsicles da aka yi a gida. == Bayan haka == Magajin garin Janaúba, Carlos Isaildon Mendes, ya bayyana bala'in a matsayin " [[masifa]] ." Ya nemi taimako daga gwamnatin jihar, wacce ta samar da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da asibitoci, da kuma kananan hukumomi maƙwabta, waɗanda suka samar da motocin asibiti da magunguna ga waɗanda suka kone. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-05 |title='É catastrófico', diz prefeito sobre tragédia com crianças em creche de Janaúba |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/05/interna_gerais,906345/e-catastrofico-diz-prefeito-sobre-tragedia-com-criancas-em-creche.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009193640/https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/05/interna_gerais,906345/e-catastrofico-diz-prefeito-sobre-tragedia-com-criancas-em-creche.shtml |archive-date=9 October 2017 |access-date=2017-10-08 |publisher=EM.com.br |language=portuguese}}</ref> Ya kuma ayyana lokacin makoki na kwanaki bakwai. Gwamna Fernando Pimentel ya kafa dokar zaman makoki na tsawon kwanaki uku a hukumance, sannan ya tabbatar da cewa dukkan jami'an tsaro da na lafiya na jihar za su yi aiki don kula da wadanda abin ya shafa da kuma binciken, da kuma kafa ofishin gaggawa na rundunar tsaro a birnin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-05 |title=Fernando Pimentel vai a Janaúba após tragédia em creche com mortos |url=https://g1.globo.com/minas-gerais/noticia/fernando-pimentel-vai-a-janauba-apos-tragedia-em-creche-com-mortos.ghtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008130757/https://g1.globo.com/minas-gerais/noticia/fernando-pimentel-vai-a-janauba-apos-tragedia-em-creche-com-mortos.ghtml |archive-date=8 October 2017 |access-date=2017-10-08 |publisher=G1 |language=portuguese}}</ref> A wani rubutu da ya wallafa a shafin [[Twitter]], Shugaba Michel Temer ya ce: "Ni, a matsayina na uba, ina tsammanin wannan dole ne ya zama babban rashi mai zafi, ina fatan waɗannan abubuwan ba za su sake faruwa a Brazil ba. Ina nuna goyon bayana ga iyalai." <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-08 |title=Michel Temer honours heroine of Janaúba with National Order of Merit |url=http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025021839/http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit |archive-date=25 October 2017 |access-date=2017-11-02 |publisher=BrazilGovNews}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, malamin da Temer ya ba shi kyautar Heley de Abreu Silva Batista, wanda ya mutu a gobarar, ya samu lambar yabo ta ƙasa . A cikin wata sanarwa, ''Sakatariyar Musamman ta Sadarwar Zamantakewa ta Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Jamhuriyar'' ta ce an ba da wannan lakabin ga "waɗanda suka bayar da misalai na sadaukarwa da hidima ga ƙasa da al'ummar Brazil, [kamar] malami Heley Batista, wacce ta sadaukar da rayuwarta don ceton rayukan ɗalibanta, ta nuna jarumtaka da jarumtaka da suka taɓa mu duka." <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-08 |title=Michel Temer honours heroine of Janaúba with National Order of Merit |url=http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025021839/http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit |archive-date=25 October 2017 |access-date=2017-11-02 |publisher=BrazilGovNews}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit "Michel Temer honours heroine of Janaúba with National Order of Merit"]. BrazilGovNews. 8 October 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171025021839/http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit Archived] from the original on 25 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An san malamin ya sami nasarar ceton wasu daga cikin yaran sannan kuma ya yi yaƙi da mai laifin. Gwamnatin tarayya ta kuma fitar da reais miliyan 8.7 don sake gina cibiyar kula da yara da ta kone da kuma gina wasu cibiyoyin ilimi guda biyu, wanda za a sanya wa daya daga cikinsu suna bayan Farfesa Heley Batista. Za a kuma gina wani abin tunawa don girmama wadanda abin ya shafa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sara Alves |date=2017-10-10 |title=Temer libera R$ 8,7 mi para construir duas creches em Janaúba (MG) |url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/temer-libera-r-87-mi-para-construir-duas-creches-em-janauba-mg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128041726/https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/temer-libera-r-87-mi-para-construir-duas-creches-em-janauba-mg |archive-date=28 January 2024 |access-date=2017-10-11 |language=portuguese}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5vhawrvc6cp3tv5uiq6i1idutmobybg 889148 889147 2026-07-29T19:52:29Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A safiyar ranar Alhamis, 5 Oktoba 2017, Damião Soares dos Santos, mai gadin dare a gidan kulawa na Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil Gente Inocente a Janaúba, Minas Gerais, [[Brazil]], ya mamaye wani aji inda yawancin yara tsakanin shekaru 3 da 7 suka shiga cikin ayyukan makaranta. Santos ya kulle ƙofar ya kuma zuba mai a kan yara da yawa, ma'aikata da kansa. Gobarar da ta faru ta kashe mutum goma sha huɗu, ciki har da shi, yara goma da manya uku, sannan ta raunata mutum talatin da bakwai. == Wuta == Kafin gobarar, an sallami Damião Soares dos Santos daga aiki bayan ya ɗauki hutun shekara-shekara a watan da ya gabata saboda wata rashin lafiya da ya yi. Ya je wurin kula da yara don ya miƙa takardar shaidar lafiyarsa kafin ya kunna wuta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 6, 2017 |title=Brazil nursery attack: Children set on fire in Minas Gerais |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41515503 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032600/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41515503 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=September 22, 2021 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya kunna wutar, shi ma ya kunna wa kansa wuta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Westcott |first=Flora Charner and Ben |date=2017-10-06 |title=Four children killed after Brazil day care center set ablaze by security guard |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/06/americas/brazil-daycare-fire/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325155110/https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/06/americas/brazil-daycare-fire/index.html |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=2021-09-22 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Gobara ta mamaye harabar, inda ta kashe yara huɗu a wurin, sannan ta yi sanadiyyar raunata 37. Bayan an kai su asibiti, akalla yara huɗu, malami da mai ƙonewa sun mutu. Akalla malami ɗaya ya yi ƙoƙarin dakatar da shi ya kuma ceci wasu daga cikin yaran kafin ta ji rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferreia |first=Fabricio |date=2017-10-06 |title=Ten killed in daycare fire, 43 injured |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/geral/noticia/2017-10/seven-killed-daycare-fire-43-injured |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415104904/https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/geral/noticia/2017-10/seven-killed-daycare-fire-43-injured |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2021-09-22 |website=Agência Brasil |language=en}}</ref> == Wadanda abin ya shafa == Wani yaro, Matheus Felipe Rocha, 5, ya mutu a ranar Oktoba 9, da Geni Oliveira Lopes Martins, 63, ya mutu a ranar Nuwamba 6, da Jéssica Morgana Silva Santos, malami, ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Disamba. Bayan mutuwar Gabriel Carvalho Oliveira, mai shekaru 5, a ranar 11 ga Janairu, 2018, adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu zuwa 14. Wasu daga cikin wadanda suka ji rauni sun sha wahala daga shakar hayaki. An tura wasu wadanda abin ya shafa zuwa Santa Casa de Montes Claros, kusan 130&nbsp;kilomita daga Janaúba. An kai waɗanda suka fi konewa da jirgin sama zuwa asibitin João XXIII da ke Belo Horizonte, kimanin mita 550.&nbsp;kilomita nesa, wanda ke da kulawa ta musamman ta ƙonawa. Shari'ar ta motsa ƙasar kuma ta haifar da sakamako daga ƙasashen duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Death Toll at Brazil Day Care Center Rises to 9 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/10/06/world/americas/ap-lt-brazil-day-care-fire.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007030727/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/10/06/world/americas/ap-lt-brazil-day-care-fire.html |archive-date=7 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Charner |first=Flora |last2=Ben Westcott |first2=Ben |date=6 October 2017 |title=Four children killed after Brazil day care center set ablaze by security guard |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/06/americas/brazil-daycare-fire/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007032612/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/06/americas/brazil-daycare-fire/index.html |archive-date=7 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2017 |title=Vigia coloca fogo e mata crianças dentro de creche em Janaúba, no Norte de Minas |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/05/interna_gerais,906255/vigia-coloca-fogo-e-mata-criancas-de-janauba-dentro-de-creche.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008031134/https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/05/interna_gerais,906255/vigia-coloca-fogo-e-mata-criancas-de-janauba-dentro-de-creche.shtml |archive-date=8 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=O Estado de Minas}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lisboa |first=Adriana |last2=Pereira |first2=Marina |last3=Peixoto |first3=Juliana |date=5 October 2017 |title=Segurança ateia fogo em creche de Janaúba e mata crianças e professora |url=https://g1.globo.com/mg/grande-minas/noticia/guarda-de-creche-em-janauba-ateia-fogo-em-criancas-deixando-mortos-e-feridos.ghtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006020617/https://g1.globo.com/mg/grande-minas/noticia/guarda-de-creche-em-janauba-ateia-fogo-em-criancas-deixando-mortos-e-feridos.ghtml |archive-date=6 October 2017 |access-date=7 October 2017 |website=Globo.com}}</ref> An ambaci sunayen mamatan;{{Div col|colwidth=15em|content=*Damião Soares dos Santos, 50, the arsonist * Ana Clara Ferreira Silva, 4 * Luiz Davi Carlos Rodrigues, 4 * Juan Pablo Cruz dos Santos, 4 * Juan Miguel Soares Silva, 4 * Renan Nicolas Santos, 4 * Yasmin Medeiros Salvino, 4 * Cecília Davine G. Dias, 4 * Talita Vitória Bispo, 4 * Matheus Felipe Rocha, 5 * Gabriel Carvalho Oliveira, 5 *Jéssica Morgana Silva Santos, 23 * [[Heley de Abreu Silva Batista]], teacher, 43 * Geni Oliveira Lopes Martins, 63}} == Mai laifi == YMai gadin dare, Damião Soares dos Santos (21 Mayu 1967, Porteirinha, a yankin arewacin Minas Gerais - 5 Oktoba 2017), ya zauna a Janaúba, a cikin sunan jihar Brazil inda danginsa ke zaune. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ricci |first=Larissa |last2=Paranaiba |first2=Guilherme |last3=Vale |first3=João Henrique do |last4=Lobato |first4=Paulo Henrique |date=6 October 2017 |title=Distúrbio psiquiátrico e obsessão: saiba quem era o vigia que matou crianças em Janaúba |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/06/interna_gerais,906551/veja-o-perfil-do-vigia-que-matou-criancas-em-incendio-em-janauba.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006194500/https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/06/interna_gerais,906551/veja-o-perfil-do-vigia-que-matou-criancas-em-incendio-em-janauba.shtml |archive-date=6 October 2017 |access-date=8 October 2017 |website=Estado de Minas}}</ref> Ya zaɓi bikin cika shekaru uku na mutuwar mahaifinsa saboda gobarar kula da yara. 'Yan sanda sun gano iskar gas a gidansa, kuma kwana biyu kafin gobarar, ya shaida wa iyalansa cewa zai mutu, kuma hakan zai zama "kyautar" da zai ba su. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwa daga cikin goma sha ɗaya. A cewar maƙwabta, mutum ne mai hankali wanda ke sayar wa yara 'ya'yan itacen popsicles da aka yi a gida. == Bayan haka == Magajin garin Janaúba, Carlos Isaildon Mendes, ya bayyana bala'in a matsayin " [[masifa]] ." Ya nemi taimako daga gwamnatin jihar, wacce ta samar da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da asibitoci, da kuma kananan hukumomi maƙwabta, waɗanda suka samar da motocin asibiti da magunguna ga waɗanda suka kone. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-05 |title='É catastrófico', diz prefeito sobre tragédia com crianças em creche de Janaúba |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/05/interna_gerais,906345/e-catastrofico-diz-prefeito-sobre-tragedia-com-criancas-em-creche.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009193640/https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2017/10/05/interna_gerais,906345/e-catastrofico-diz-prefeito-sobre-tragedia-com-criancas-em-creche.shtml |archive-date=9 October 2017 |access-date=2017-10-08 |publisher=EM.com.br |language=portuguese}}</ref> Ya kuma ayyana lokacin makoki na kwanaki bakwai. Gwamna Fernando Pimentel ya kafa dokar zaman makoki na tsawon kwanaki uku a hukumance, sannan ya tabbatar da cewa dukkan jami'an tsaro da na lafiya na jihar za su yi aiki don kula da wadanda abin ya shafa da kuma binciken, da kuma kafa ofishin gaggawa na rundunar tsaro a birnin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-05 |title=Fernando Pimentel vai a Janaúba após tragédia em creche com mortos |url=https://g1.globo.com/minas-gerais/noticia/fernando-pimentel-vai-a-janauba-apos-tragedia-em-creche-com-mortos.ghtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008130757/https://g1.globo.com/minas-gerais/noticia/fernando-pimentel-vai-a-janauba-apos-tragedia-em-creche-com-mortos.ghtml |archive-date=8 October 2017 |access-date=2017-10-08 |publisher=G1 |language=portuguese}}</ref> A wani rubutu da ya wallafa a shafin [[Twitter]], Shugaba Michel Temer ya ce: "Ni, a matsayina na uba, ina tsammanin wannan dole ne ya zama babban rashi mai zafi, ina fatan waɗannan abubuwan ba za su sake faruwa a Brazil ba. Ina nuna goyon bayana ga iyalai." <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-08 |title=Michel Temer honours heroine of Janaúba with National Order of Merit |url=http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025021839/http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit |archive-date=25 October 2017 |access-date=2017-11-02 |publisher=BrazilGovNews}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, malamin da Temer ya ba shi kyautar Heley de Abreu Silva Batista, wanda ya mutu a gobarar, ya samu lambar yabo ta ƙasa . A cikin wata sanarwa, ''Sakatariyar Musamman ta Sadarwar Zamantakewa ta Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Jamhuriyar'' ta ce an ba da wannan lakabin ga "waɗanda suka bayar da misalai na sadaukarwa da hidima ga ƙasa da al'ummar Brazil, [kamar] malami Heley Batista, wacce ta sadaukar da rayuwarta don ceton rayukan ɗalibanta, ta nuna jarumtaka da jarumtaka da suka taɓa mu duka." <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-08 |title=Michel Temer honours heroine of Janaúba with National Order of Merit |url=http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025021839/http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit |archive-date=25 October 2017 |access-date=2017-11-02 |publisher=BrazilGovNews}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit "Michel Temer honours heroine of Janaúba with National Order of Merit"]. BrazilGovNews. 8 October 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171025021839/http://www.brazilgovnews.gov.br/news/2017/10/michel-temer-pays-homage-to-heroine-teacher-from-janauba-awarding-her-the-national-order-of-merit Archived] from the original on 25 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An san malamin ya sami nasarar ceton wasu daga cikin yaran sannan kuma ya yi yaƙi da mai laifin. Gwamnatin tarayya ta kuma fitar da reais miliyan 8.7 don sake gina cibiyar kula da yara da ta kone da kuma gina wasu cibiyoyin ilimi guda biyu, wanda za a sanya wa daya daga cikinsu suna bayan Farfesa Heley Batista. Za a kuma gina wani abin tunawa don girmama wadanda abin ya shafa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sara Alves |date=2017-10-10 |title=Temer libera R$ 8,7 mi para construir duas creches em Janaúba (MG) |url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/temer-libera-r-87-mi-para-construir-duas-creches-em-janauba-mg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128041726/https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/temer-libera-r-87-mi-para-construir-duas-creches-em-janauba-mg |archive-date=28 January 2024 |access-date=2017-10-11 |language=portuguese}}</ref> == Manazarta == 54fpsgnqa6wr74watqpcntyddhj5x3z 0 162487 889149 2026-07-29T19:53:32Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334991698|SS Newnham]]" 889149 wikitext text/x-wiki Jirgin ruwa '''na Newnham''' shi ne jirgin ruwa na farko da ya kawo ma'aikata ' yan asalin [[Indiya]] zuwa [[Fiji]], inda ya isa Suva a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1884 dauke da fasinjoji 575. Jirgin ruwan mai nauyin tan 1296 ya ɗauki kwanaki 38 kacal kafin ya isa Fiji domin ya sami damar bin hanyar da ta fi guntu ta cikin tekun [[Timor]] . Duk da cewa ana sa ran samun raguwar mace-mace saboda ɗan gajeren tafiyar da kuma ƙarancin kamuwa da [[Ciwon huhu|cutar huhu]] da mashako saboda jirgin ya guji yanayin sanyi na hanyar kudu, jirgin ya yi birgima da ƙarfi a lokacin tafiyar kuma an samu mace-mace da yawa. Gwamnatin Fiji ta fi son jiragen ruwa masu tafiya a teku saboda jiragen ruwa masu tururi suna tafiya a cikin yanayi mai zafi wanda zai iya haifar da cututtukan wurare masu zafi waɗanda za su iya yaɗuwa a Fiji, kuma saboda duk wata cuta da ke cikin jirgin za ta sami damar yin kumfa a lokacin dogon tafiya. Tafiyar ta zuwa Fiji wani ɓangare ne na rangadin mil 33,000 wanda ya fara a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1884 a New York a ƙarƙashin Kyaftin James Johnston. Ta yi tafiya zuwa St John, New-Brunswick, ta ɗora kaya na katako sannan a ranar 4 ga Maris ta yi tafiya zuwa Liverpool, sannan ta tafi Cardiff a ranar 29 ga Maris, inda ta ɗora kwal ta tafi [[Kolombo|Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, ta ratsa ta [[Yankin Gibraltar|Mashigin Gibraltar]], [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]], [[Suez canal|Mashigin Suez]], [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] da [[Tekun Indiya]] . Daga Colombo ta tafi [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] don ɗaukar kayan sanyi sannan ta tafi Fiji a watan Mayu. Ta isa Suva, ta hanyar Torres Straits, kuma a ranar 21 ga Yuli ta tafi Newcastle, New South Wales inda ta isa a ranar 12 ga Agusta ta tafi da kayan kwal a ranar 30 ga Agusta, ta isa Singapore, ta hanyar Torres Strait, a ranar 21 ga Satumba. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba ta je Calcutta kuma ta tafi a ranar 9 ga Disamba da jiragen ruwa 500 zuwa Demerara (Birtaniya Guinea) da kuma jigilar kaya zuwa New York. A wannan tafiyar ta yi tafiyar mil 11,500, inda ta tsaya a Mauritius, Cape Town da St Helena kafin ta isa Demerara (mutane bakwai kacal suka mutu a cikin jirgin). Daga nan ta tafi New York. Kamfanin Tace Sukari na Colonial ya fi son jiragen ruwa masu tururi saboda za a iya kimanta kwanakin isowarsu daidai, kuma saboda ba su ɗauki lokaci mai yawa ba kafin su isa Fiji, ma'aikatan za su fi lafiya kuma za su sami lokacin da za su saba da su kafin su shiga lokacin niƙa rake wanda ya fara a watan Mayu ko Yuni. == Duba kuma == * An aika da takardar izinin shiga Indiya zuwa Fiji * Tsarin bayar da jinginar gida na Indiya == Nassoshi == 6vhqqozk5g39dmlvz4sbnn5mjb40wze 889150 889149 2026-07-29T19:53:58Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jirgin ruwa '''na Newnham''' shi ne jirgin ruwa na farko da ya kawo ma'aikata ' yan asalin [[Indiya]] zuwa [[Fiji]], inda ya isa Suva a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1884 dauke da fasinjoji 575. Jirgin ruwan mai nauyin tan 1296 ya ɗauki kwanaki 38 kacal kafin ya isa Fiji domin ya sami damar bin hanyar da ta fi guntu ta cikin tekun [[Timor]] . Duk da cewa ana sa ran samun raguwar mace-mace saboda ɗan gajeren tafiyar da kuma ƙarancin kamuwa da [[Ciwon huhu|cutar huhu]] da mashako saboda jirgin ya guji yanayin sanyi na hanyar kudu, jirgin ya yi birgima da ƙarfi a lokacin tafiyar kuma an samu mace-mace da yawa. Gwamnatin Fiji ta fi son jiragen ruwa masu tafiya a teku saboda jiragen ruwa masu tururi suna tafiya a cikin yanayi mai zafi wanda zai iya haifar da cututtukan wurare masu zafi waɗanda za su iya yaɗuwa a Fiji, kuma saboda duk wata cuta da ke cikin jirgin za ta sami damar yin kumfa a lokacin dogon tafiya. Tafiyar ta zuwa Fiji wani ɓangare ne na rangadin mil 33,000 wanda ya fara a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1884 a New York a ƙarƙashin Kyaftin James Johnston. Ta yi tafiya zuwa St John, New-Brunswick, ta ɗora kaya na katako sannan a ranar 4 ga Maris ta yi tafiya zuwa Liverpool, sannan ta tafi Cardiff a ranar 29 ga Maris, inda ta ɗora kwal ta tafi [[Kolombo|Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, ta ratsa ta [[Yankin Gibraltar|Mashigin Gibraltar]], [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]], [[Suez canal|Mashigin Suez]], [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] da [[Tekun Indiya]] . Daga Colombo ta tafi [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] don ɗaukar kayan sanyi sannan ta tafi Fiji a watan Mayu. Ta isa Suva, ta hanyar Torres Straits, kuma a ranar 21 ga Yuli ta tafi Newcastle, New South Wales inda ta isa a ranar 12 ga Agusta ta tafi da kayan kwal a ranar 30 ga Agusta, ta isa Singapore, ta hanyar Torres Strait, a ranar 21 ga Satumba. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba ta je Calcutta kuma ta tafi a ranar 9 ga Disamba da jiragen ruwa 500 zuwa Demerara (Birtaniya Guinea) da kuma jigilar kaya zuwa New York. A wannan tafiyar ta yi tafiyar mil 11,500, inda ta tsaya a Mauritius, Cape Town da St Helena kafin ta isa Demerara (mutane bakwai kacal suka mutu a cikin jirgin). Daga nan ta tafi New York. Kamfanin Tace Sukari na Colonial ya fi son jiragen ruwa masu tururi saboda za a iya kimanta kwanakin isowarsu daidai, kuma saboda ba su ɗauki lokaci mai yawa ba kafin su isa Fiji, ma'aikatan za su fi lafiya kuma za su sami lokacin da za su saba da su kafin su shiga lokacin niƙa rake wanda ya fara a watan Mayu ko Yuni. == Duba kuma == * An aika da takardar izinin shiga Indiya zuwa Fiji * Tsarin bayar da jinginar gida na Indiya == Nassoshi == oyjgjs6l2ul6tflxq971fsh56ij32uf 0 162488 889151 2026-07-29T19:54:59Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340890182|Mayura Pirivena]]" 889151 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Mayura Pirivena''''' ( ''Mayura'' a cikin Sinhala : dawasa ) tsohon gidan sufi ne da ke kudu maso yamma na Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, a cikin Anuradhapura a cikin [[Sri Lanka]] . <ref name="BudhaNet">{{Cite web |last=Dhammika |first=Ven. S. |title=Sacred Island - Sacred Places |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/sacred-island/anuradhapura.html |access-date=14 June 2012 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin tarihin Sri Lanka, Mahavamsa, ya bayyana cewa Sarki Buddhadasa ne ya gina wannan gidan ibada, wanda ya mulki tsibirin daga 340 - 368 AD. <ref name="amazinglanka">{{Cite web |date= |title=Mayura Pirivena of Anuradhapura Kingdom-අනුරාධපුර මහා විහාරීය මයුර පිරිවෙණ |url=http://amazinglanka.com/wp/mayura-pirivena/ |access-date=12 January 2016 |publisher=Amazinglanka}}</ref> Sarki Dhatusena (455 - 477 AD) da Sarki Mahanaga (573 - 575 AD) sun gyara ginin. Wani malamin addinin Hindu mai suna Buddhaghosha Thero ya zauna a nan a lokacin da yake zaune a Sri Lanka. <ref name="BudhaNet" /> Har yanzu akwai ginshiƙan [[Duwatsu (geology)|dutse]] kaɗan da ke da manyan ginshiƙai, [[Ƙyaure|ƙofar]] ginin da aka gina a sama da matakai kaɗan da kuma wani dutse mai wata a ƙarƙashin waɗannan matakan. A tsakiyar dutsen wata, ana iya ganin rabin furen lotus . A cewar wani rahoto da Mista HCP Bell, Kwamishinan Kayayyakin Tarihi na Ceylon a wancan lokacin ya fitar, an fara haƙa wannan wurin a shekarar 1894 kuma an ɗaga ginshiƙai da suka faɗi sama. Rahoton ya ƙara bayyana tsawon ginin a matsayin {{Convert|66|ft|m}} da faɗin {{Convert|45.5|ft|m}} . An yi aikin tono ƙasa a [[Wuri|wurin]] a shekarar 2011 kuma an adana wurin a shekarar 2012. == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Mayura_Pirivena_-_2.jpg|alt=Closer view of Mayura Pirivena| Kusa da Mayura Pirivena Fayil:Mayura_Pirivena_-_3.JPG|alt=Mayura Pirivena as seen in 1970, before excavation| Mayura Pirivena kamar yadda aka gani a shekarar 1970, kafin a tono </gallery> == Manazarta == t2v9kxm4f81oagi6am5kovm35frktmk 889153 889151 2026-07-29T19:56:02Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Mayura Pirivena''''' ( ''Mayura'' a cikin Sinhala : dawasa ) tsohon gidan sufi ne da ke kudu maso yamma na Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, a cikin Anuradhapura a cikin [[Sri Lanka]] . <ref name="BudhaNet">{{Cite web |last=Dhammika |first=Ven. S. |title=Sacred Island - Sacred Places |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/sacred-island/anuradhapura.html |access-date=14 June 2012 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin tarihin Sri Lanka, Mahavamsa, ya bayyana cewa Sarki Buddhadasa ne ya gina wannan gidan ibada, wanda ya mulki tsibirin daga 340 - 368 AD. <ref name="amazinglanka">{{Cite web |date= |title=Mayura Pirivena of Anuradhapura Kingdom-අනුරාධපුර මහා විහාරීය මයුර පිරිවෙණ |url=http://amazinglanka.com/wp/mayura-pirivena/ |access-date=12 January 2016 |publisher=Amazinglanka}}</ref> Sarki Dhatusena (455 - 477 AD) da Sarki Mahanaga (573 - 575 AD) sun gyara ginin. Wani malamin addinin Hindu mai suna Buddhaghosha Thero ya zauna a nan a lokacin da yake zaune a Sri Lanka. <ref name="BudhaNet" /> Har yanzu akwai ginshiƙan [[Duwatsu (geology)|dutse]] kaɗan da ke da manyan ginshiƙai, [[Ƙyaure|ƙofar]] ginin da aka gina a sama da matakai kaɗan da kuma wani dutse mai wata a ƙarƙashin waɗannan matakan. A tsakiyar dutsen wata, ana iya ganin rabin furen lotus . A cewar wani rahoto da Mista HCP Bell, Kwamishinan Kayayyakin Tarihi na Ceylon a wancan lokacin ya fitar, an fara haƙa wannan wurin a shekarar 1894 kuma an ɗaga ginshiƙai da suka faɗi sama. Rahoton ya ƙara bayyana tsawon ginin a matsayin {{Convert|66|ft|m}} da faɗin {{Convert|45.5|ft|m}} . An yi aikin tono ƙasa a [[Wuri|wurin]] a shekarar 2011 kuma an adana wurin a shekarar 2012. == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Mayura_Pirivena_-_2.jpg|alt=Closer view of Mayura Pirivena| Kusa da Mayura Pirivena Fayil:Mayura_Pirivena_-_3.JPG|alt=Mayura Pirivena as seen in 1970, before excavation| Mayura Pirivena kamar yadda aka gani a shekarar 1970, kafin a tono </gallery> == Manazarta == b8etvlaowzjgeboeor9ris6vbxv1vng 0 162489 889155 2026-07-29T19:58:59Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361936417|Mattia Zuin]]" 889155 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mattia Zuin''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1996) ɗan wasan ninkaya ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya. Ya shiga gasar 4×200 m freestyle relay a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2018, inda ya lashe lambar tagulla. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 0cv8glhj2e98fh5lp2jn77sqse4wfmm 889156 889155 2026-07-29T19:59:28Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 Gyara 889156 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mattia Zuin''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1996) ɗan wasan ninkaya ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya. Ya shiga gasar 4×200 m freestyle relay a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2018, inda ya lashe lambar tagulla. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] fum250fbzq6ig80w3xqcqqthhcj5yi9 889157 889156 2026-07-29T19:59:48Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 889157 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Mattia Zuin''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1996) ɗan wasan ninkaya ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya. Ya shiga gasar 4×200 m freestyle relay a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2018, inda ya lashe lambar tagulla. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 9k48xd9ca5m8w7v6iqmgxfmlvm6y7d8 0 162490 889158 2026-07-29T20:02:56Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356015800|Tsuen Wan Government Secondary School]]" 889158 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Tsuen_Wan_Government_Secondary_School_2.jpg|thumb| Hoton Makarantar da aka ɗauka daga gefen titin Hoi Pa, yana nuna (daga hagu zuwa dama) zauren, babban ƙofar shiga, reshen dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma sabon reshen. Reshen dakin gwaje-gwaje ya ɓoye reshen aji]] '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati ta Tsuen Wan''' (TWGSS; Chinese or{{Lang|yue|荃官}}a takaice) makarantar sakandare ce ta EMI wacce ke lamba 70 Hoi Pa Street, Tsuen Wan, [[Hong Kong]] . Ginin makarantar ya ƙunshi zauren, sashen dakin gwaje-gwaje, sashen aji, da kuma sabon reshen (wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2003). Ms. Tang Suk Ching ita ce shugabar makarantar a yanzu, wadda ta fara wa'adin karatunta a watan Satumba na 2016. == Tarihi == * An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1961, a matsayin makarantar sakandare ta farko a gundumar Tsuen Wan . A yau an amince da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantu a Hong Kong dangane da sakamakon ilimi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * An buɗe TWGSS a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1961. Wurin farko na harabar jami'ar yana cikin sabuwar makarantar firamare ta gwamnati da aka kafa a titin Hoi Pa, inda aka ajiye yara maza 68 da mata 75 na wucin gadi. Amma a watan Satumba na 1963, saboda rashin azuzuwan da ake da su don matakan S1-S3, an raba makarantar zuwa zaman AM da PM. A ranar 25 ga Yuni 1964, ɗalibai suka ƙaura zuwa sabon harabar makarantar kuma aka ci gaba da shirin makarantar na tsawon yini. * An gudanar da bikin buɗe TWGSS a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1964. An gayyaci Gwamnan Hong Kong David Trench don ya zama Baƙon da zai halarci bikin buɗe makarantar. Ana iya samun wani allo na tarihi na babban bikin buɗewa a bangon babban zauren. Annobar ta ce, 'AN BUDE WANNAN MAKARANTAR TA HANYAR MAI GIRMA GWAMNA SIR DAVID CC TRENCH KCMG, MC A RANAR 25 GA NUWANBA 1964.' * Dalibai biyu da suka tsira daga rikicin garkuwa da mutane na Manila na 2010, wadanda bala'in ya mayar da su marayu, daliban makarantar ne. == Sakamakon ilimi == A tarihi, ɗalibai da yawa a makarantar sun sami maki 10 na A a jarrabawar takardar shaidar ilimi ta Hong Kong (HKCEE) (mafi girman maki da za a iya samu a HKCEE) fiye da kowace makarantar sakandare a Hong Kong. Daga cikin makarantun sakandare sama da 572 a Hong Kong, ƙasa da 30 ne suka taɓa samar da waɗannan ɗaliban da ake kira "10A". Musamman ma, tsakanin 2000 da 2010, ɗaliban Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati ta Tsuen Wan guda takwas sun sami maki 10 na A a Jarrabawar Takaddun Shaidar Ilimi ta Hong Kong (HKCEE) kuma ɗalibai 14 sun sami maki 9 na A, wanda ke matsayi na tara a cikin dukkan makarantun sakandare a Hong Kong. A Jarrabawar Matakin Ci Gaba ta Hong Kong (HKALE), sama da ɗalibai 30 sun sami maki 5 na A, 4 na A ko 3 na A tsakanin 2000 da 2010. Makarantar ta sami adadi mai yawa na maki A da maki AC ga kowane ɗalibi. TWGSS ta ƙidaya jimillar waɗanda suka lashe kyaututtuka 12 na Hong Kong Outstanding Students Awards, tana matsayi na bakwai a cikin dukkan makarantun sakandare a Hong Kong. == Kayan makaranta == Azuzuwa 31 masu sanyaya iska da zauren makaranta, Cibiyar Samar da Kayayyaki da Watsa Labarai ta Sauti, Cibiyoyin Koyarwa na Taimakawa Kwamfuta guda 3, Cibiyar Ayyukan Ɗalibai, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, Ɗakin Geography, Ɗakin Kiɗa, Cibiyar Kiɗa, Ɗakin Harshe, Ɗakin Tattalin Arziki na Gida, Ɗakin Zane, Ɗakin Zane da Fasaha, ɗakin karatu, ɗakunan taro, Ɗakin Lakca, filin wasan badminton da filin ƙwallon kwando. == Ayyukan waje na makaranta == Akwai gidaje 4, Bamboo, Camphor, Pine da Plum . Ana kuma shirya ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi sama da 30 na ilimi, hidima, [[wasanni]] ko wasu abubuwan sha'awa. == Sha'awar Gidaje Huɗu a Tsararraki Masu Zuwa == Ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai masu sha'awar al'adun gidan suna tsaye a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin al'adun TWGSS na dogon lokaci. Gidaje huɗu - Pine, Plum, Camphor da Bamboo - suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru a makaranta na shekara-shekara, daga Ranar Ruwa da Ranar Wasanni zuwa Gasar Kiɗa ta Gida, Gasar Wasanni, Gasar Tattaunawa, da wasannin kwallon kafa da wasannin daban-daban. Wadannan ayyukan House ba wai kawai suna taimakawa wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar ƙungiya da jagoranci na ɗalibai ba har ma suna inganta kyakkyawar ma'anar kasancewa da kuma abokantaka mai zurfi tsakanin takwarorinsu. Sauye-sauyen dawowar tsofaffi don tallafawa ayyukan gidan da magabata sun nuna gaskiyar cewa wannan al'adun gidan da ke da zurfi suna samar da kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin Makarantar, ɗalibanta, da tsararraki na masu digiri a tsawon shekaru. tsofaffin ɗalibai ; Ilimi * Wong Kwan Yu, Shugaban Makarantar Sakandare ta Fukien (Siu Sai Wan) == Prinipals == * Fikafikin Cuku na KONG (1961-1962) * JO HANRAHAN (1962-1963) * JA MACLEAN (1963-1970) * SM STEAD (1970-1980) * SUEN Chi Shing (1980-1982) * WAH Yam Fook (1982-1990) * TANG Ping Leung (1990-1996) * KO Wing Kow, Patrick (1996-2004) * YIU Sai Ming (2004-2010) * WONG Ip Cheung, Daniel (2010-2016) * TANG Suk Ching (2016-Yanzu) == Duba kuma == * Ilimi a Hong Kong * Jerin makarantu a Hong Kong == Manazarta == hcc3986d7p7ix14atg93vfizbgujwnc 889160 889158 2026-07-29T20:03:35Z Arcdanumma047 38699 889160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Tsuen_Wan_Government_Secondary_School_2.jpg|thumb| Hoton Makarantar da aka ɗauka daga gefen titin Hoi Pa, yana nuna (daga hagu zuwa dama) zauren, babban ƙofar shiga, reshen dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma sabon reshen. Reshen dakin gwaje-gwaje ya ɓoye reshen aji]] '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati ta Tsuen Wan''' (TWGSS; Chinese or{{Lang|yue|荃官}}a takaice) makarantar sakandare ce ta EMI wacce ke lamba 70 Hoi Pa Street, Tsuen Wan, [[Hong Kong]] . Ginin makarantar ya ƙunshi zauren, sashen dakin gwaje-gwaje, sashen aji, da kuma sabon reshen (wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2003). Ms. Tang Suk Ching ita ce shugabar makarantar a yanzu, wadda ta fara wa'adin karatunta a watan Satumba na 2016. == Tarihi == * An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1961, a matsayin makarantar sakandare ta farko a gundumar Tsuen Wan . A yau an amince da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantu a Hong Kong dangane da sakamakon ilimi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * An buɗe TWGSS a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1961. Wurin farko na harabar jami'ar yana cikin sabuwar makarantar firamare ta gwamnati da aka kafa a titin Hoi Pa, inda aka ajiye yara maza 68 da mata 75 na wucin gadi. Amma a watan Satumba na 1963, saboda rashin azuzuwan da ake da su don matakan S1-S3, an raba makarantar zuwa zaman AM da PM. A ranar 25 ga Yuni 1964, ɗalibai suka ƙaura zuwa sabon harabar makarantar kuma aka ci gaba da shirin makarantar na tsawon yini. * An gudanar da bikin buɗe TWGSS a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1964. An gayyaci Gwamnan Hong Kong David Trench don ya zama Baƙon da zai halarci bikin buɗe makarantar. Ana iya samun wani allo na tarihi na babban bikin buɗewa a bangon babban zauren. Annobar ta ce, 'AN BUDE WANNAN MAKARANTAR TA HANYAR MAI GIRMA GWAMNA SIR DAVID CC TRENCH KCMG, MC A RANAR 25 GA NUWANBA 1964.' * Dalibai biyu da suka tsira daga rikicin garkuwa da mutane na Manila na 2010, wadanda bala'in ya mayar da su marayu, daliban makarantar ne. == Sakamakon ilimi == A tarihi, ɗalibai da yawa a makarantar sun sami maki 10 na A a jarrabawar takardar shaidar ilimi ta Hong Kong (HKCEE) (mafi girman maki da za a iya samu a HKCEE) fiye da kowace makarantar sakandare a Hong Kong. Daga cikin makarantun sakandare sama da 572 a Hong Kong, ƙasa da 30 ne suka taɓa samar da waɗannan ɗaliban da ake kira "10A". Musamman ma, tsakanin 2000 da 2010, ɗaliban Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati ta Tsuen Wan guda takwas sun sami maki 10 na A a Jarrabawar Takaddun Shaidar Ilimi ta Hong Kong (HKCEE) kuma ɗalibai 14 sun sami maki 9 na A, wanda ke matsayi na tara a cikin dukkan makarantun sakandare a Hong Kong. A Jarrabawar Matakin Ci Gaba ta Hong Kong (HKALE), sama da ɗalibai 30 sun sami maki 5 na A, 4 na A ko 3 na A tsakanin 2000 da 2010. Makarantar ta sami adadi mai yawa na maki A da maki AC ga kowane ɗalibi. TWGSS ta ƙidaya jimillar waɗanda suka lashe kyaututtuka 12 na Hong Kong Outstanding Students Awards, tana matsayi na bakwai a cikin dukkan makarantun sakandare a Hong Kong. == Kayan makaranta == Azuzuwa 31 masu sanyaya iska da zauren makaranta, Cibiyar Samar da Kayayyaki da Watsa Labarai ta Sauti, Cibiyoyin Koyarwa na Taimakawa Kwamfuta guda 3, Cibiyar Ayyukan Ɗalibai, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, Ɗakin Geography, Ɗakin Kiɗa, Cibiyar Kiɗa, Ɗakin Harshe, Ɗakin Tattalin Arziki na Gida, Ɗakin Zane, Ɗakin Zane da Fasaha, ɗakin karatu, ɗakunan taro, Ɗakin Lakca, filin wasan badminton da filin ƙwallon kwando. == Ayyukan waje na makaranta == Akwai gidaje 4, Bamboo, Camphor, Pine da Plum . Ana kuma shirya ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi sama da 30 na ilimi, hidima, [[wasanni]] ko wasu abubuwan sha'awa. == Sha'awar Gidaje Huɗu a Tsararraki Masu Zuwa == Ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai masu sha'awar al'adun gidan suna tsaye a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin al'adun TWGSS na dogon lokaci. Gidaje huɗu - Pine, Plum, Camphor da Bamboo - suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru a makaranta na shekara-shekara, daga Ranar Ruwa da Ranar Wasanni zuwa Gasar Kiɗa ta Gida, Gasar Wasanni, Gasar Tattaunawa, da wasannin kwallon kafa da wasannin daban-daban. Wadannan ayyukan House ba wai kawai suna taimakawa wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar ƙungiya da jagoranci na ɗalibai ba har ma suna inganta kyakkyawar ma'anar kasancewa da kuma abokantaka mai zurfi tsakanin takwarorinsu. Sauye-sauyen dawowar tsofaffi don tallafawa ayyukan gidan da magabata sun nuna gaskiyar cewa wannan al'adun gidan da ke da zurfi suna samar da kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin Makarantar, ɗalibanta, da tsararraki na masu digiri a tsawon shekaru. tsofaffin ɗalibai ; Ilimi * Wong Kwan Yu, Shugaban Makarantar Sakandare ta Fukien (Siu Sai Wan) == Prinipals == * Fikafikin Cuku na KONG (1961-1962) * JO HANRAHAN (1962-1963) * JA MACLEAN (1963-1970) * SM STEAD (1970-1980) * SUEN Chi Shing (1980-1982) * WAH Yam Fook (1982-1990) * TANG Ping Leung (1990-1996) * KO Wing Kow, Patrick (1996-2004) * YIU Sai Ming (2004-2010) * WONG Ip Cheung, Daniel (2010-2016) * TANG Suk Ching (2016-Yanzu) == Duba kuma == * Ilimi a Hong Kong * Jerin makarantu a Hong Kong == Manazarta == ka5etttuz5y4ofkyjqcqnpqsc5czg4s 3 162491 889168 2026-07-29T21:23:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889168 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, User01938! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/User01938|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) p1hq7hy762lhi25hrsr0uifx8elyuj6 3 162492 889169 2026-07-29T21:23:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889169 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aminukutama! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aminukutama|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) oke68gvfe1rf9m3m26h1zq8uj42x42k 3 162493 889170 2026-07-29T21:23:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889170 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Theorolyst! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Theorolyst|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) r7tqs2cvgo21gqvydgo3qm148bm3vf1 3 162494 889171 2026-07-29T21:23:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889171 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TracyMcClark! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TracyMcClark|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 3tjeygiuy78ijireazhfkt88s7xjdiw 3 162495 889172 2026-07-29T21:23:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889172 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mik@el! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mik@el|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) jrzq2k01inr7jr1o6y4fhple0s8x8sh 3 162496 889173 2026-07-29T21:24:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889173 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sam Karlström Madden! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sam Karlström Madden|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) cj2ad0y7b6mbzpu02tss2gvqvmj2sau 3 162497 889174 2026-07-29T21:24:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889174 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Iimrana isah! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Iimrana isah|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) nqfczlxak8f7v01d3dhlvbqg3woq0qk 3 162498 889175 2026-07-29T21:24:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889175 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 陳河海! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/陳河海|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) doczvmzi1k1i112a28bgtblxu9q4hl6 3 162499 889176 2026-07-29T21:24:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889176 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SusanLesch! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SusanLesch|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 6156ad2v284tiv1k4ptsd6fis9p6q2z 3 162500 889177 2026-07-29T21:24:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889177 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ali Huzaifa Stackone! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ali Huzaifa Stackone|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) o3goumz9nkdb98c10c99dfnx3g4fmnq 3 162501 889178 2026-07-29T21:24:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889178 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Deded6750! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Deded6750|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 05poh0h6ck6gp669t8800gev4116owt 3 162502 889179 2026-07-29T21:25:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889179 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ChocolateTabby! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ChocolateTabby|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) jd52mg0c5mqahpp2zca1vtfqqukhr1g 3 162503 889180 2026-07-29T21:25:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889180 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Youngpappy43! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Youngpappy43|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) fa04xepzjq52lm1uzrw0osys6yn0xgn 3 162504 889181 2026-07-29T21:25:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889181 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, OAssoua! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/OAssoua|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) ba1po5dtoggttor9iujxmteo31l2zqx 3 162505 889182 2026-07-29T21:25:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889182 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Innafricans! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Innafricans|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 6p60xiqitoi2yheya6aakt65ht9jhky 3 162506 889183 2026-07-29T21:25:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889183 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Khaleepha MD! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Khaleepha MD|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) iq8s1efj7pfbxnkm6k9vmd3g9vorr4z 3 162507 889184 2026-07-29T21:25:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889184 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Msaroff! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Msaroff|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) s2hki41euopzr569y91pycmo4xzy9t2 3 162508 889185 2026-07-29T21:26:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889185 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Apalopadidun1! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Apalopadidun1|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) dz88b5bzbyatgbfvj01d00fr4i0y3az 3 162509 889186 2026-07-29T21:26:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889186 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hafiz Basiru! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hafiz Basiru|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) t6pev1xito3s2dk9jm9nwwgjn4s4xvx 3 162510 889187 2026-07-29T21:26:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 889187 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jimihendrics! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jimihendrics|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) fsxsvx1gmtacuqdtt5cgxyoejm4lh21 3 162511 889319 2026-07-30T08:58:44Z Cabayi 8435 Cabayi moved page [[Tattaunawar user:EACh5555]] to [[Tattaunawar user:AstroBeltCafe]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/EACh5555|EACh5555]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/AstroBeltCafe|AstroBeltCafe]]" 889319 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:AstroBeltCafe]] 6xgv5wio4sc68relmwcy3gesgadf9al 0 162512 889335 2026-07-30T11:41:54Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1166379673|Charles Lubulwa]]" 889335 wikitext text/x-wiki Charles Lubulwa (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1964) tsohon Mai dambe ne na ƙasar Uganda . [1] Ya shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 inda ya zama dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya yi gasa a wasannin Olympics, inda aka ci nasara a zagaye na farko. Ya kuma yi gwagwarmaya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1984, inda ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 1988. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lubulwa a garin Naguru a Uganda . Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St Judes inda ya fara dambe, da farko a asirce, ba tare da son mahaifinsa ba. Biyu daga cikin 'yan uwan Lubulwa, Fred Mutuweta da Robin Lukanga, suma sun zama' yan dambe. Ya cancanci gasar zakarun kasa ta 1977 amma mahaifinsa ya sauya Lubulwa zuwa sabuwar makaranta, St Charles Lwanga, don Matakan O. An kuma tsara wannan motsi don fitar da Lubulwa daga dambe amma ya ci gaba da horo a cikin sirri saboda makarantar ba ta da kayan aiki masu dacewa. Tsohon kocin Lubwula, Fred Genza, ya kusanci makarantar a kokarin ba Lubwula damar yin gasa a taron dambe na kasa. Shugaban makarantar ya amince kuma Lubwula ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Kampala]], yana zaune tare da Genza don ɓoye shigarsa cikin gasar daga mahaifinsa. Ya lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukunin novice. Lokacin da ya koma makarantarsa ya gano cewa sauran yara suna bin ci gabansa kuma irin wannan shine sha'awar wasanni, makarantar nan da nan ta gabatar da shirin dambe na kanta. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] gbwg6eqaj1m4vpmgeiaczwludyun6oq 889336 889335 2026-07-30T11:42:23Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1166379673|Charles Lubulwa]]" 889336 wikitext text/x-wiki Charles Lubulwa (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1964) tsohon Mai dambe ne na ƙasar Uganda . [1] Ya shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 inda ya zama dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya yi gasa a wasannin Olympics, inda aka ci nasara a zagaye na farko. Ya kuma yi gwagwarmaya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1984, inda ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 1988. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lubulwa a garin Naguru a Uganda . Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St Judes inda ya fara dambe, da farko a asirce, ba tare da son mahaifinsa ba. Biyu daga cikin 'yan uwan Lubulwa, Fred Mutuweta da Robin Lukanga, suma sun zama' yan dambe. Ya cancanci gasar zakarun kasa ta 1977 amma mahaifinsa ya sauya Lubulwa zuwa sabuwar makaranta, St Charles Lwanga, don Matakan O. An kuma tsara wannan motsi don fitar da Lubulwa daga dambe amma ya ci gaba da horo a cikin sirri saboda makarantar ba ta da kayan aiki masu dacewa. Tsohon kocin Lubwula, Fred Genza, ya kusanci makarantar a kokarin ba Lubwula damar yin gasa a taron dambe na kasa. Shugaban makarantar ya amince kuma Lubwula ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Kampala]], yana zaune tare da Genza don ɓoye shigarsa cikin gasar daga mahaifinsa. Ya lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukunin novice. Lokacin da ya koma makarantarsa ya gano cewa sauran yara suna bin ci gabansa kuma irin wannan shine sha'awar wasanni, makarantar nan da nan ta gabatar da shirin dambe na kanta. == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Lubulwa sun ja hankalin Grace Sseruwagi, babban kocin kungiyar dambe ta kasashe. Sseruwagi ya zaɓi Lubwula a cikin tawagarsa don yin gasa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 a [[Moscow]] . Shekaru 15 da kwanaki 206 a farkon gasar, Lubulwa ya kasance dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa yin gasa a wasannin Olympics.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UGA/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417092120/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UGA/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Uganda|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Bayan ya sami gaisuwa ta zagaye na farko, Lubulwa ya fuskanci György Gedó na Hungary.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/BOX/mens-light-flyweight-round-one.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417120228/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/BOX/mens-light-flyweight-round-one.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Boxing at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games: Men's Light-Flyweight Round One|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Abokin hamayyarsa ya fi kwarewa; Gedó yana fafatawa a wasansa na hudu na Olympics kuma ya lashe zinare a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1972. <ref name="GG">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/gyorgy-gedo-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418070342/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/gyorgy-gedo-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=György Gedó|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Gedó ya kayar da Lubulwa ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na farko na yakin. <ref name="GG" /><ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lu/charles-lubulwa-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418004328/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lu/charles-lubulwa-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Charles Lubulwa Olympic Results|access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] e60n0rywlzmbv1hmai4r3ulmcmal1rn 889337 889336 2026-07-30T11:43:35Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1166379673|Charles Lubulwa]]" 889337 wikitext text/x-wiki Charles Lubulwa (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1964) tsohon Mai dambe ne na ƙasar Uganda . [1] Ya shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 inda ya zama dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya yi gasa a wasannin Olympics, inda aka ci nasara a zagaye na farko. Ya kuma yi gwagwarmaya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1984, inda ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 1988. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lubulwa a garin Naguru a Uganda . Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St Judes inda ya fara dambe, da farko a asirce, ba tare da son mahaifinsa ba. Biyu daga cikin 'yan uwan Lubulwa, Fred Mutuweta da Robin Lukanga, suma sun zama' yan dambe. Ya cancanci gasar zakarun kasa ta 1977 amma mahaifinsa ya sauya Lubulwa zuwa sabuwar makaranta, St Charles Lwanga, don Matakan O. An kuma tsara wannan motsi don fitar da Lubulwa daga dambe amma ya ci gaba da horo a cikin sirri saboda makarantar ba ta da kayan aiki masu dacewa. Tsohon kocin Lubwula, Fred Genza, ya kusanci makarantar a kokarin ba Lubwula damar yin gasa a taron dambe na kasa. Shugaban makarantar ya amince kuma Lubwula ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Kampala]], yana zaune tare da Genza don ɓoye shigarsa cikin gasar daga mahaifinsa. Ya lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukunin novice. Lokacin da ya koma makarantarsa ya gano cewa sauran yara suna bin ci gabansa kuma irin wannan shine sha'awar wasanni, makarantar nan da nan ta gabatar da shirin dambe na kanta. == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Lubulwa sun ja hankalin Grace Sseruwagi, babban kocin kungiyar dambe ta kasashe. Sseruwagi ya zaɓi Lubwula a cikin tawagarsa don yin gasa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 a [[Moscow]] . Shekaru 15 da kwanaki 206 a farkon gasar, Lubulwa ya kasance dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa yin gasa a wasannin Olympics.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UGA/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417092120/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UGA/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Uganda|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Bayan ya sami gaisuwa ta zagaye na farko, Lubulwa ya fuskanci György Gedó na Hungary.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/BOX/mens-light-flyweight-round-one.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417120228/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/BOX/mens-light-flyweight-round-one.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Boxing at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games: Men's Light-Flyweight Round One|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Abokin hamayyarsa ya fi kwarewa; Gedó yana fafatawa a wasansa na hudu na Olympics kuma ya lashe zinare a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1972. <ref name="GG">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/gyorgy-gedo-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418070342/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/gyorgy-gedo-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=György Gedó|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Gedó ya kayar da Lubulwa ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na farko na yakin. <ref name="GG" /><ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lu/charles-lubulwa-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418004328/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lu/charles-lubulwa-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Charles Lubulwa Olympic Results|access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref> Sseruwagi ya sake zabar Lubulwa don Wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a Brisbane, Australia. Ya kai kashi huɗu na karshe na gasar kafin a ci shi. Ya ci gaba da zama a cikin tawagar Uganda don gasar Olympics ta 1984 a Los Angeles, Amurka.[1] A zagaye na farko Lubulwa ya yi ikirarin nasararsa ta farko ta Olympics ta hanyar kayar da Australiya Shane Knox a maki. Ƙarin nasarorin da aka samu a kan Dieudonné Mzatsi da Paul Fitzgerald sun ci gaba da Lubulwa zuwa kashi huɗu na karshe.[2] Dan Najeriya Peter Konyegwachie ne ya kayar da shi wanda ya ci gaba da lashe lambar azurfa.[1] A shekara ta 1985, Lubulwa ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar dambe a Jamus kawai don ya rasa lambar yabo a shekara mai zuwa. Lubulwa ya ba da lambar yabo ga wani jami'in gwamnati wanda ya dauki lambar yabo ga Majalisar dokokin Uganda don taimaka masa ya sami karbuwa saboda nasarorin da ya samu. Koyaya, an rasa lambar yabo a lokacin tsoro biyo bayan jita-jita game da kusantar Sojojin Resistance na Kasa. An zaɓi Lubulwa don yin gasa a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1988 a [[Seoul]], Koriya ta Kudu, wasansa na uku na Olympics. An zaba shi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar Uganda don wasannin, wanda kuma ya hada da ɗan'uwansa Fred Mutuweta . Lubulwa ta ci nasara a zagaye na farko ta hanyar Blessing Onoko na Najeriya bayan alƙalin ya dakatar da wasan a zagaye ya uku.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/on/blessing-onoko-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418100832/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/on/blessing-onoko-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Blessing Onoko|access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref> Ma'aurata sun kuma shiga Wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 a [[Auckland]], New Zealand . An tilasta Lubulwa ya fice daga gasar bayan ya yi kwangilar Malaria kwanaki kadan kafin fara wasannin. Rashin jin daɗi ya haifar da ritaya daga wasanni. <ref name="medal" /> == Rayuwa ta baya == Bayan ya yi ritaya daga dambe, Lubulwa ya fara horar da wasanni kuma ya zama Babban kocin Kampala Capital City Authority Boxing Club . == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 91oixpcoxbjz9rq78zzy8m5uqznyhiz 889338 889337 2026-07-30T11:44:19Z Abdurra'uf 23412 Inganta muqla 889338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Charles Lubulwa (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1964) tsohon Mai dambe ne na ƙasar Uganda . [1] Ya shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 inda ya zama dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya yi gasa a wasannin Olympics, inda aka ci nasara a zagaye na farko. Ya kuma yi gwagwarmaya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1984, inda ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 1988. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lubulwa a garin Naguru a Uganda . Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St Judes inda ya fara dambe, da farko a asirce, ba tare da son mahaifinsa ba. Biyu daga cikin 'yan uwan Lubulwa, Fred Mutuweta da Robin Lukanga, suma sun zama' yan dambe. Ya cancanci gasar zakarun kasa ta 1977 amma mahaifinsa ya sauya Lubulwa zuwa sabuwar makaranta, St Charles Lwanga, don Matakan O. An kuma tsara wannan motsi don fitar da Lubulwa daga dambe amma ya ci gaba da horo a cikin sirri saboda makarantar ba ta da kayan aiki masu dacewa. Tsohon kocin Lubwula, Fred Genza, ya kusanci makarantar a kokarin ba Lubwula damar yin gasa a taron dambe na kasa. Shugaban makarantar ya amince kuma Lubwula ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Kampala]], yana zaune tare da Genza don ɓoye shigarsa cikin gasar daga mahaifinsa. Ya lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukunin novice. Lokacin da ya koma makarantarsa ya gano cewa sauran yara suna bin ci gabansa kuma irin wannan shine sha'awar wasanni, makarantar nan da nan ta gabatar da shirin dambe na kanta. == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Lubulwa sun ja hankalin Grace Sseruwagi, babban kocin kungiyar dambe ta kasashe. Sseruwagi ya zaɓi Lubwula a cikin tawagarsa don yin gasa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 a [[Moscow]] . Shekaru 15 da kwanaki 206 a farkon gasar, Lubulwa ya kasance dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa yin gasa a wasannin Olympics.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UGA/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417092120/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UGA/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Uganda|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Bayan ya sami gaisuwa ta zagaye na farko, Lubulwa ya fuskanci György Gedó na Hungary.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/BOX/mens-light-flyweight-round-one.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417120228/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/BOX/mens-light-flyweight-round-one.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Boxing at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games: Men's Light-Flyweight Round One|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Abokin hamayyarsa ya fi kwarewa; Gedó yana fafatawa a wasansa na hudu na Olympics kuma ya lashe zinare a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1972. <ref name="GG">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/gyorgy-gedo-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418070342/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/gyorgy-gedo-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=György Gedó|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Gedó ya kayar da Lubulwa ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na farko na yakin. <ref name="GG" /><ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lu/charles-lubulwa-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418004328/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lu/charles-lubulwa-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Charles Lubulwa Olympic Results|access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref> Sseruwagi ya sake zabar Lubulwa don Wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a Brisbane, Australia. Ya kai kashi huɗu na karshe na gasar kafin a ci shi. Ya ci gaba da zama a cikin tawagar Uganda don gasar Olympics ta 1984 a Los Angeles, Amurka.[1] A zagaye na farko Lubulwa ya yi ikirarin nasararsa ta farko ta Olympics ta hanyar kayar da Australiya Shane Knox a maki. Ƙarin nasarorin da aka samu a kan Dieudonné Mzatsi da Paul Fitzgerald sun ci gaba da Lubulwa zuwa kashi huɗu na karshe.[2] Dan Najeriya Peter Konyegwachie ne ya kayar da shi wanda ya ci gaba da lashe lambar azurfa.[1] A shekara ta 1985, Lubulwa ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar dambe a Jamus kawai don ya rasa lambar yabo a shekara mai zuwa. Lubulwa ya ba da lambar yabo ga wani jami'in gwamnati wanda ya dauki lambar yabo ga Majalisar dokokin Uganda don taimaka masa ya sami karbuwa saboda nasarorin da ya samu. Koyaya, an rasa lambar yabo a lokacin tsoro biyo bayan jita-jita game da kusantar Sojojin Resistance na Kasa. An zaɓi Lubulwa don yin gasa a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1988 a [[Seoul]], Koriya ta Kudu, wasansa na uku na Olympics. An zaba shi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar Uganda don wasannin, wanda kuma ya hada da ɗan'uwansa Fred Mutuweta . Lubulwa ta ci nasara a zagaye na farko ta hanyar Blessing Onoko na Najeriya bayan alƙalin ya dakatar da wasan a zagaye ya uku.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/on/blessing-onoko-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418100832/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/on/blessing-onoko-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Blessing Onoko|access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref> Ma'aurata sun kuma shiga Wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 a [[Auckland]], New Zealand . An tilasta Lubulwa ya fice daga gasar bayan ya yi kwangilar Malaria kwanaki kadan kafin fara wasannin. Rashin jin daɗi ya haifar da ritaya daga wasanni. <ref name="medal" /> == Rayuwa ta baya == Bayan ya yi ritaya daga dambe, Lubulwa ya fara horar da wasanni kuma ya zama Babban kocin Kampala Capital City Authority Boxing Club . == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 0zfb8ds767ibfb9kbu66punfk97ajo9 889339 889338 2026-07-30T11:44:56Z Abdurra'uf 23412 Inganta muqla 889339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Charles Lubulwa (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1964) tsohon Mai dambe ne na ƙasar Uganda . [1] Ya shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 inda ya zama dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya yi gasa a wasannin Olympics, inda aka ci nasara a zagaye na farko. Ya kuma yi gwagwarmaya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1984, inda ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 1988. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lubulwa a garin Naguru a Uganda . Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St Judes inda ya fara dambe, da farko a asirce, ba tare da son mahaifinsa ba. Biyu daga cikin 'yan uwan Lubulwa, Fred Mutuweta da Robin Lukanga, suma sun zama' yan dambe. Ya cancanci gasar zakarun kasa ta 1977 amma mahaifinsa ya sauya Lubulwa zuwa sabuwar makaranta, St Charles Lwanga, don Matakan O. An kuma tsara wannan motsi don fitar da Lubulwa daga dambe amma ya ci gaba da horo a cikin sirri saboda makarantar ba ta da kayan aiki masu dacewa. Tsohon kocin Lubwula, Fred Genza, ya kusanci makarantar a kokarin ba Lubwula damar yin gasa a taron dambe na kasa. Shugaban makarantar ya amince kuma Lubwula ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Kampala]], yana zaune tare da Genza don ɓoye shigarsa cikin gasar daga mahaifinsa. Ya lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukunin novice. Lokacin da ya koma makarantarsa ya gano cewa sauran yara suna bin ci gabansa kuma irin wannan shine sha'awar wasanni, makarantar nan da nan ta gabatar da shirin dambe na kanta. == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Lubulwa sun ja hankalin Grace Sseruwagi, babban kocin kungiyar dambe ta kasashe. Sseruwagi ya zaɓi Lubwula a cikin tawagarsa don yin gasa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980 a [[Moscow]] . Shekaru 15 da kwanaki 206 a farkon gasar, Lubulwa ya kasance dan wasan Uganda mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa yin gasa a wasannin Olympics.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UGA/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417092120/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/UGA/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Uganda|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Bayan ya sami gaisuwa ta zagaye na farko, Lubulwa ya fuskanci György Gedó na Hungary.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/BOX/mens-light-flyweight-round-one.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417120228/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1980/BOX/mens-light-flyweight-round-one.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Boxing at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games: Men's Light-Flyweight Round One|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Abokin hamayyarsa ya fi kwarewa; Gedó yana fafatawa a wasansa na hudu na Olympics kuma ya lashe zinare a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1972. <ref name="GG">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/gyorgy-gedo-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418070342/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ge/gyorgy-gedo-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=György Gedó|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Gedó ya kayar da Lubulwa ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na farko na yakin. <ref name="GG" /><ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lu/charles-lubulwa-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418004328/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lu/charles-lubulwa-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Charles Lubulwa Olympic Results|access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref> Sseruwagi ya sake zabar Lubulwa don Wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a Brisbane, Australia. Ya kai kashi huɗu na karshe na gasar kafin a ci shi. Ya ci gaba da zama a cikin tawagar Uganda don gasar Olympics ta 1984 a Los Angeles, Amurka.[1] A zagaye na farko Lubulwa ya yi ikirarin nasararsa ta farko ta Olympics ta hanyar kayar da Australiya Shane Knox a maki. Ƙarin nasarorin da aka samu a kan Dieudonné Mzatsi da Paul Fitzgerald sun ci gaba da Lubulwa zuwa kashi huɗu na karshe.[2] Dan Najeriya Peter Konyegwachie ne ya kayar da shi wanda ya ci gaba da lashe lambar azurfa.[1] A shekara ta 1985, Lubulwa ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar dambe a Jamus kawai don ya rasa lambar yabo a shekara mai zuwa. Lubulwa ya ba da lambar yabo ga wani jami'in gwamnati wanda ya dauki lambar yabo ga Majalisar dokokin Uganda don taimaka masa ya sami karbuwa saboda nasarorin da ya samu. Koyaya, an rasa lambar yabo a lokacin tsoro biyo bayan jita-jita game da kusantar Sojojin Resistance na Kasa. An zaɓi Lubulwa don yin gasa a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1988 a [[Seoul]], Koriya ta Kudu, wasansa na uku na Olympics. An zaba shi a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar Uganda don wasannin, wanda kuma ya hada da ɗan'uwansa Fred Mutuweta . Lubulwa ta ci nasara a zagaye na farko ta hanyar Blessing Onoko na Najeriya bayan alƙalin ya dakatar da wasan a zagaye ya uku.<ref>{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/on/blessing-onoko-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418100832/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/on/blessing-onoko-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Blessing Onoko|access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref> Ma'aurata sun kuma shiga Wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 a [[Auckland]], New Zealand . An tilasta Lubulwa ya fice daga gasar bayan ya yi kwangilar Malaria kwanaki kadan kafin fara wasannin. Rashin jin daɗi ya haifar da ritaya daga wasanni. <ref name="medal" /> == Rayuwa ta baya == Bayan ya yi ritaya daga dambe, Lubulwa ya fara horar da wasanni kuma ya zama Babban kocin Kampala Capital City Authority Boxing Club . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] e9g7fze4cyrdkg1qz1od3btu05g3ygq