Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2394 890362 705893 2026-08-02T00:25:41Z Shiana1 47517 890362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Karachi - Pakistan-market.jpg|thumb|kasuwar pakistan]] '''Fakistan;''' Ƙasa ce da ke a cikin yankin Kudancin [[Asiya]]. Kuma Tana kusa da [[Indiya]], [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]]. A hukuman ce ana kiran ta Jamhuriyar [[Musulunci]] ta [[Pakistan]]. Tana da titi dogo mai tsayi kusa da Tekun [[Larabawa]] a kudancin ƙasar. [[Pakistan]] ce ta biyar a yawan jama'a miliyan 207.77) a [[Duniya 300|Duniya]]. Ƙasar [[Pakistan]] tana da faɗin ƙasa gaba ɗaya na (880,940 km2) (340,130 square mita) (gami da yankunan da Pakistan ke rike da su na Azad [[Kashmir]] da Gilgit Baltistan). Wannan ya sanya [[Pakistan]] ta zama kasa ta (34) a Duniya. [[Pakistan]] ce ƙasa ta bakwai mafi yawan sojoji a Duniya. Babban birnin [[Pakistan]] shi ne [[Islamabad]]. Kafin shekara ta (1960), [[Karachi]] ne, wanda yanzu shine birni mafi girma a ƙasar. Sunan [[Pakistan]] tana nufin ƙasa Mai Tsarki a cikin harshen [[Farisanci]] da [[Urdu]]. == Alamomin kasa == Alamomin kasa a [[Pakistan]] {| class="infobox borderless" |+ Alamomin kasar Pakistan (a hukumance) |- ! '''Dabbar kasa''' | [[Markhor]] | [[File:Markhor.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Tsuntsun kasa''' | [[Chukar]] | [[File:Keklik.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Bishiyar kasa''' | [[Cedrus deodara]] | [[File:Pedrengo cedro nel parco Frizzoni.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Bishiyar kasa''' | [[Jasminum officinale]] | [[File:Jasminum officinale.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Dabbar gado ta kasa''' | [[Snow Leopard]] | [[File:Snow Leopard 13.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Tsuntsun gado na kasa''' | [[Shaheen Falcon]] | [[File:Vándorsólyom.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Dabbar ruwa ta kasa''' | [[Indus river dolphin]] | [[File:National aquatic marine mammal of Pakistan.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National reptile''' | [[Indus Crocodile]] | [[File:Persiancrocodile.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kifin kasa''' | [[Tor putitora]] | [[File:Mahasher.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Halittar kasa''' | [[Bufo stomaticus]] | [[File:Bufo stomaticus04.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kafilfilon kasa''' | [[Mimathyma ambica|Indian purple emperor]] | [[File:VB 023 Indian Purple Emperor.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kayan maarin kasa''' | [[Mango]] | [[File:Chaunsa.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Amfanin gona na kasa''' | [[Sugarcane]] | [[File:Shentu - rural landscape east of Shanwei cun - P1260072.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Barasar kasa''' | [[Sugarcane juice]] | [[File:Sugarcanejuice.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kayan karin kuzari na kasa''' | [[Okra]] | [[File:Bucket of raw okra pods.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Abincin kasa''' | [[Pakistani Biryani]] (Beef) | [[File:Bukhari Rice ارز بخاري بالدجاج.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Wasan kasa''' | [[Field hockey]] | [[File:HOCKEY ARGENTINA PAKISTAN.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Adon kasa''' | [[Salwar kameez]] | [[File:Zainab Chottani with her show stoppers.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Masallacin kasa''' | [[Faisal Mosque]] | [[File:Shah Faisal Mosque (Islamabad, Pakistan).jpg |50px]] |- ! '''Gidan Tarihi na kasa''' | [[Mazar-e-Quaid]] | [[File: Mazar-E-Quaid.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kogin kasa''' | [[Indus River]] | [[File:Indus river from karakouram highway.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Tsaunin kasa''' | [[K2]] | [[File:K2, Mount Godwin Austen, Chogori, Savage Mountain.jpg|50px]] |- |} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Chaukundi1.JPG|Kaburburan Chaukandi kusa da birnin Karachi File:Embassy_of_Pakistan_in_Tokyo.JPG|Ofishin jakadancin Pakistan a birnin Tokyo File:Quaid-e-Azam_Library_in_Jinnah_Garden.jpg|Dakin Karatu na Quaid e-Azam a Lambun Jinnah File:Shahrukne_Alam.jpg|Sanannen wurin bauta mai laƙabin ‘sufi’, Multa File:Mosque_minare_amjad_2006.JPG|Badshahi Masjid (Masallacin Sarki), Tsohon Gari, Lahore File:National_Art_Gallery,_Islamabad,_Pakistan.jpg|National Art Gallery, Pakistan Fayil:Aga_Khan_University_.jpg|Jami'ar Aga Khan Karachi File:Coast_of_Karachi_construction.jpg|&mGaɓar Tekun birnin File:National_Skills_University_Islamabad_Auditorium.jpg|National Skills University File:Karachi-Terminal-00138.JPG|Filin jirgin Sama na birnin Karachi, Pakistan File:Faisal_mosque2.jpg|Masallacin Faisal File:Embassy_of_Pakistan_in_Tokyo.JPG|Ofishin jakadancin kasar a Tokyo, Japan File:Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg|Kogin Indus daga babbar hanyar karakouram Fayil:Native_Jetty_Bridge_Karachi.jpg|Gadar Native Jetty Karachi, Pakistan </gallery> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{Asiya}} 6i0i1gzirc9ploe93zvi3gkr3c82m37 2 3914 890355 538463 2026-08-01T23:43:11Z Pathoschild 121 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 890355 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__<div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#babel:ko|en-3|ha-0}} [[File:Revi wikimedia image.jpg|thumb|center|middle|If you are here to talk about CommonsDelinker removing a deleted image, please [[:c:User talk:Revi C.|go here]].]] Hello! I am [[:m:User:Revi C.|revi]]. I edit to [[m:SWMT|revert vandals]], do Wikidata stuff<!--(I am a Wikidata Admin! <small>([{{fullurl:wikidata:Special:ListUsers/Revi C.|limit=1}} Verify])</small>)-->, or do [[:c:COM:FR|Commons Filemoving stuff]] (I am Commons Admin too! <small>([{{fullurl:c:Special:ListUsers/Revi C.|limit=1}} Verify])</small>). Come to [[:m:User:Revi C.|my Meta userpage]] or [[:c:User:Revi C.|my Commons userpage]] for more information. Thank you.</div> 8g84123pgt5vpfow2vfedn8tqtrb5b3 3 3915 890349 538464 2026-08-01T23:09:37Z Pathoschild 121 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Revi C.]]) 890349 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__<div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Revi logo (pink).png|thumb|center|<span style="color:red">PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE MESSAGE HERE!</span>]] ''' <span style="color:red"> BEFORE YOU BLOCK MY ACCOUNT: IF MY EDIT SUMMARY INCLUDE PREFIX </span>''(Script)''<span style="color:red">, DON'T BLOCK ME, JUST TELL ME TO SLOW DOWN AT COMMONS' TALK PAGE. IT IS AN AUTOMATED SCRIPT BEING USED ON COMMONS TO MOVE FILES.</span> Instead, please leave your message following site: <br /> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|45px|link=d:User talk:Revi C.]] [[d:User talk:Revi C.]] for Wikidata (Interwiki links) stuff <!--(I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there)--> <br /> [[File:Commons-logo.svg|45px|link=commons:User talk:Revi C.]] [[commons:User talk:Revi C.]] for renaming stuff or [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] action (I am {{int:Group-sysop}} there) <br /> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo optimized.svg|45px|link=m:User talk:Revi C.]] [[meta:User talk:Revi C.]] for other stuff (User right notification, revert message, etc...) Messages left on this page may be reverted or moved without any response.</div> esxe13mcstpjlux1bt2hqwxr2v8t8mn 0 4526 890340 441834 2026-08-01T22:14:56Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 890340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Willie Almond''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1868 - ya mutu bayan shekara ta 1895) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila. {{Stub}} ==masubincike== {{DEFAULTSORT:Almond, Willie}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] thueo1fjktf4mywhhef0qvqnspdcgmn 0 5042 890094 448980 2026-08-01T12:20:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 890094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nicky Banger''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1971) dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Ingila]].<ref>Barry J. Hugman (1998). The PFA Premier and Football League Players' Records 1946–1998. Queen Anne Press. <nowiki>ISBN 1-85291-585-4</nowiki>.</ref>{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Banger, Nicky}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] de5lx2a9os4ihm2zu0wkhy2tmytwuo8 890095 890094 2026-08-01T12:20:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 890095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nicky Banger''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1971) dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Ingila]].<ref>Barry J. Hugman (1998). The PFA Premier and Football League Players' Records 1946–1998. Queen Anne Press. <nowiki>ISBN 1-85291-585-4</nowiki>.</ref>{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Banger, Nicky}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] 0h7y0ivm5tpvcxsj3c4faq9wqa70amo 0 5048 890110 442653 2026-08-01T12:26:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 890110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paul Atkinson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.<ref /> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Atkinson, Paul}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 3cmcosd5orir2fhask0mv7tgzers7r5 890111 890110 2026-08-01T12:27:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 890111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paul Atkinson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila.<ref>Simpson, Ray (1996). The Clarets Collection 1946–1996. Burnley FC. pp. 18–19. <nowiki>ISBN 0-9521799-0-3</nowiki>. "Paul Atkinson player profile". Post War English & Scottish Football League A - Z Player's Transfer Database. Retrieved 6 September 2012.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Atkinson, Paul}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] f3su5qqmavwf52uegry9cdmcm2cuxjg 890112 890111 2026-08-01T12:27:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 890112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paul Atkinson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ingila]].<ref>Simpson, Ray (1996). The Clarets Collection 1946–1996. Burnley FC. pp. 18–19. <nowiki>ISBN 0-9521799-0-3</nowiki>. "Paul Atkinson player profile". Post War English & Scottish Football League A - Z Player's Transfer Database. Retrieved 6 September 2012.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Atkinson, Paul}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 6iz7hbl0yxhtsag25mi8p1vru7jmtig 3 5273 890368 538862 2026-08-02T00:59:45Z Pathoschild 121 global user pages ([[m:Synchbot|requested by Hym411]]) 890368 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Revi C.]] o9z79lcc9a9pfmqmrod5w3eyk4q9i0o 0 5392 890545 745472 2026-08-02T11:08:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 890545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Makkah, <ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref> Makkah al-Mukarramah a hukumance, <ref>Arabic: مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة, romanized: Makkah al-Mukarramah, lit. 'Makkah the Noble', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [makːa almʊkarːama]</ref> babban birnin lardin Makka ne a yankin Hejaz na yammacin Saudiyya; shi ne birni mafi tsarki a Musulunci<ref>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9</nowiki>.</ref>. Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (mil 43) daga Jeddah akan Bahar Maliya, a cikin wani kunkuntar kwari mai tsayin mita 277 (909 ft) sama da matakin teku. Yawan jama'arta a cikin 2022 ya kasance miliyan 2.4, wanda ya sa ya zama birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Saudi Arabiya bayan Riyadh da Jeddah. Kusan kashi 44.5 cikin 100 na al’ummar Saudiyya ‘yan kasar ne kuma kusan kashi 55.5% ‘yan kasashen waje ne musulmi daga wasu kasashe.<ref>"Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". City Population. Retrieved 3 February 2024.</ref> Yawan alhazai fiye da sau uku a kowace shekara a lokacin aikin hajji, wanda ake yi a watan Hijira na sha biyu ga Zul-Hajji<ref>"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage". Salamislam. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</ref>. Tare da baƙi sama da miliyan 10.8 na duniya a cikin 2023, Makka tana ɗaya daga cikin birane goma da aka fi ziyarta a duniya.<ref>"Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…". Euromonitor. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</ref> Makka gaba daya ana daukarsa "tushen tushen Musulunci"<ref>Ogle, Vanessa (2015). The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950. Harvard University Press. p. 173. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-674-28614-6</nowiki>. Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.</ref><ref>Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). ''Literary History Of The Arabs''. Routledge. p. 62. ISBN <bdi>978-1-136-17016-4</bdi>. <q>Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.</q></ref>. Ana girmama Makka a Musulunci a matsayin mahaifar Annabi Muhammadu. Kogon Hira da ke saman Jabal al-Nur ("Dutsen Haske"), kusa da birnin, shi ne inda Musulmai suka yi imani da cewa an saukar da Alkur'ani ne ga Muhammadu<ref>Khan, A M (2003). Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-81-87746-47-8</nowiki>.; Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an. Garant. pp. 61–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-90-441-1774-5</nowiki>.</ref>Ziyarar Makka don aikin Hajji wajibi ne a kan dukkan musulmin da ke da iko. [[Masjid al-Haram|Babban Masallacin Makkah]], wanda aka fi sani da Masjid al-Haram, gidan [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] ne, wanda Musulmi suka yi imani da cewa Ibrahim da Isma'il ne suka gina shi. Shi ne wuri mafi tsarki na Musulunci kuma alkiblar salla ga dukkan musulmin duniya<ref>Nasr, Seyyed (2005). Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam. Aperture. <nowiki>ISBN 0-89381-752-X</nowiki>.</ref>. Mahukuntan musulmi na yankin da kewaye sun dade suna kokarin kwace birnin da kuma rike shi a hannunsu, don haka kamar yadda akasarin yankin [[Hijaz]] ya yi, birnin ya ga canje canjen gwamnatoci da dama. A kwanan baya ne Ibn Saud da abokansa suka mamaye birnin a lokacin da Saudiyya ta mamaye birnin Hejaz a shekarar 1925. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Makka ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a girma da ababen more rayuwa, tare da sabbin gine-gine na zamani irin su The Clock Towers, gini na hudu mafi tsayi a duniya da kuma na uku mafi girma a kasa<ref>Bayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). "Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower". Dr. Ehsan Bayat. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</ref>.[[File:Bab Makkah 3.jpg|thumb|Kofa<ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref>higa Makkah]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|photon Ka'aba a birnin Makka mai girma]] [[Fayil:Kaaba 2.jpg|thumb|Ka'aba]] [[Fayil:Makkah Montage.jpg|thumb|gari mafitsarki aduniya]] [[Fayil:Uprooted palm trees at Makkah Street in Al Luqta.jpg|thumb|Jijiyar itace Na Makkah a ciki Al liqta]] [[File:Peace-Pakistan-Man-in-Ihram-Mecca.jpg|thumb]] == Tarihi == Tarihi A cikin 2010, Makka da kewaye sun zama wuri mai mahimmanci don ilimin burbushin halittu game da juyin halitta na farko, tare da gano burbushin Saadanius. Ana ɗaukar Saadanius a matsayin ɗan fari mai alaƙa da kakannin kakannin birai da birai na Tsohuwar Duniya. Wurin zama na burbushin halittu, kusa da abin da a yanzu ake kira Bahar Maliya a yammacin Saudiyya, yanki ne mai dausayi mai dausayi tsakanin shekaru miliyan 28 zuwa 29 da suka wuce.<ref>Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). "Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016.</ref> Masana burbushin halittu da ke cikin binciken suna fatan samun ƙarin burbushin halittu a yankin.<ref>Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.354. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref> Tarihin farko (har zuwa karni na 6 AD) Tarihin farko na Makka har yanzu yana cike da rashin ingantaccen tushe. Garin yana cikin tsakiyar yankin yammacin Larabawa wanda akwai wasu mabubbugar rubutu ko kayan tarihi masu yawa.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1</nowiki>. OCLC 978697983.</ref>Wannan rashin ilimin ya bambanta da yankunan arewaci da kudancin yammacin Larabawa, musamman yankin Syro-Falasdinawa da kuma Yemen, inda masana tarihi ke da tushe daban-daban kamar ragowar wuraren ibada, rubuce-rubuce, abubuwan lura da marubutan Greco-Roman, da bayanan da masana tarihi na coci suka tattara. Yankin Hejaz da ke kewaye da Makka yana da yanayin nisa, dutsen da ba shi da kyau, wanda ke tallafawa tsirar jama'a a cikin warwatsewar tudu da kuma shimfidar ƙasa mai albarka. Gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya ba ta ba da tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi ba kuma mazaunan bakin teku da ƙauyuka a yankin ba su da ilimi.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). ''Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4008-8736-1</bdi>. OCLC 978697983.</ref> Binciken ilimi ya nuna cewa a lokacin Muhammadu mutanen Makka sun kai kusan 550.[43] Malaman musulmi masu amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na iya sanya adadin ya kai 10,000.[44] Maganar Makka ta farko a cikin adabin da ba na Musulunci ba ya zo ne a shekara ta 741, tun bayan rasuwar Muhammad, a cikin tarihin Byzantine-Arab, ko da yake a nan marubucin ya sanya yankin a Mesopotamiya maimakon Hejaz.[45][[File:Public Domain Mecca Maps 17.jpg|thumb|Zanen yanayin garin makka a wani karni na baya]] <gallery> File:Badr Saudi Arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Yankin Badar a Saudi Arabiya </gallery> ==Tufafi == <gallery> File:Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.png|Yanayin sanya kayan mutanen saudiya a zamanin da </gallery> == Mulki == <gallery> File:Public Security's Khalid Fahad al-Shunaber - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Jami'i mai bayar da tsaro ga al'umma Khalid Fahad File:King Abdul Aziz Gate - panoramio.jpg|Babbar kofar Sarki Abdul Aziz </gallery> == Addini == <gallery> File:Supplicating Pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram. Mecca, Saudi Arabia.jpg|Masallacin harami File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|Mina File:Jabal Rahmat 2008 - panoramio.jpg|Dutsen Jabal Rahamat File:Worshippers eat at the Haram - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Alhazai a Makka mai girma </gallery> ==Qur'ani == [[File:Madina Hilton.JPG|thumb|hotal madina]] ==Masallatai == [[File:Makka, Konkani vishvakosh.png|thumb|Masallacin ka'aba]] [[File:Makka Masjid, Hyderabad.JPG|thumb|Masallacin Hydrabad Makka]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|Masallacin Ka'aba makka]] <gallery> File:Old Hubaidiyah Mosque - panoramio.jpg|Tsohon Masallaci a Hubaidiyah </gallery> ==Makkah == <gallery> File:Mekka .jpg|Massallacin Makkah da Dakin Ka'aba </gallery> ==Madina == [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R03.jpg|thumb|Cikin madina]] [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R01.jpg|thumb|Madina]] [[File:Madina Building, Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Manyan gine ginen madina]] <gallery> File:Saudi arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Masallacin Madina </gallery> == Mutane == <gallery> File:Essam Al Mojalid.JPG|Dan kasar Saudiya mai suna Essam Al Mojalid File:Hayat Sindi - PopTech 2012 - Camden Maine USA (8103609979).jpg|Hayat Sindi, Daya daga cikin sanannun mata a kasar Saudiya </gallery> == Al'adu == == Tattalin arziki == == Noma == <gallery> File:Date Palm Tree.jpg|Bishiyan Dabino File:Date palm tree.jpg|Yayan Dabino File:Three palm trees during the sunset, Ayia Marina Chrysochous, Paphos District, Cyprus 02.jpg|Bishiyoyin dabino File:Nature of Cambodia. Palm trees.jpg|Gonan dabino File:Orangerieschloss, Potsdam (SPSG2277).jpg|Bishiyan dabino a wani muhalli inda ba gona ba File:Opaque and mirroring green paddy fields with palm tree.jpg| Gonan Dabino </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Makkah}} [[Category:Biranen Saudiyya]] 0wtn2393i90miq7g1lfuyq398mkyonk 890546 890545 2026-08-02T11:08:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 890546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Makkah''', <ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref> Makkah al-Mukarramah a hukumance, <ref>Arabic: مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة, romanized: Makkah al-Mukarramah, lit. 'Makkah the Noble', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [makːa almʊkarːama]</ref> babban birnin lardin Makka ne a yankin Hejaz na yammacin Saudiyya; shi ne birni mafi tsarki a Musulunci<ref>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9</nowiki>.</ref>. Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (mil 43) daga Jeddah akan Bahar Maliya, a cikin wani kunkuntar kwari mai tsayin mita 277 (909 ft) sama da matakin teku. Yawan jama'arta a cikin 2022 ya kasance miliyan 2.4, wanda ya sa ya zama birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Saudi Arabiya bayan Riyadh da Jeddah. Kusan kashi 44.5 cikin 100 na al’ummar Saudiyya ‘yan kasar ne kuma kusan kashi 55.5% ‘yan kasashen waje ne musulmi daga wasu kasashe.<ref>"Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". City Population. Retrieved 3 February 2024.</ref> Yawan alhazai fiye da sau uku a kowace shekara a lokacin aikin hajji, wanda ake yi a watan Hijira na sha biyu ga Zul-Hajji<ref>"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage". Salamislam. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</ref>. Tare da baƙi sama da miliyan 10.8 na duniya a cikin 2023, Makka tana ɗaya daga cikin birane goma da aka fi ziyarta a duniya.<ref>"Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…". Euromonitor. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</ref> Makka gaba daya ana daukarsa "tushen tushen Musulunci"<ref>Ogle, Vanessa (2015). The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950. Harvard University Press. p. 173. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-674-28614-6</nowiki>. Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.</ref><ref>Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). ''Literary History Of The Arabs''. Routledge. p. 62. ISBN <bdi>978-1-136-17016-4</bdi>. <q>Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.</q></ref>. Ana girmama Makka a Musulunci a matsayin mahaifar Annabi Muhammadu. Kogon Hira da ke saman Jabal al-Nur ("Dutsen Haske"), kusa da birnin, shi ne inda Musulmai suka yi imani da cewa an saukar da Alkur'ani ne ga Muhammadu<ref>Khan, A M (2003). Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-81-87746-47-8</nowiki>.; Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an. Garant. pp. 61–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-90-441-1774-5</nowiki>.</ref>Ziyarar Makka don aikin Hajji wajibi ne a kan dukkan musulmin da ke da iko. [[Masjid al-Haram|Babban Masallacin Makkah]], wanda aka fi sani da Masjid al-Haram, gidan [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] ne, wanda Musulmi suka yi imani da cewa Ibrahim da Isma'il ne suka gina shi. Shi ne wuri mafi tsarki na Musulunci kuma alkiblar salla ga dukkan musulmin duniya<ref>Nasr, Seyyed (2005). Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam. Aperture. <nowiki>ISBN 0-89381-752-X</nowiki>.</ref>. Mahukuntan musulmi na yankin da kewaye sun dade suna kokarin kwace birnin da kuma rike shi a hannunsu, don haka kamar yadda akasarin yankin [[Hijaz]] ya yi, birnin ya ga canje canjen gwamnatoci da dama. A kwanan baya ne Ibn Saud da abokansa suka mamaye birnin a lokacin da Saudiyya ta mamaye birnin Hejaz a shekarar 1925. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Makka ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a girma da ababen more rayuwa, tare da sabbin gine-gine na zamani irin su The Clock Towers, gini na hudu mafi tsayi a duniya da kuma na uku mafi girma a kasa<ref>Bayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). "Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower". Dr. Ehsan Bayat. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</ref>.[[File:Bab Makkah 3.jpg|thumb|Kofa<ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref>higa Makkah]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|photon Ka'aba a birnin Makka mai girma]] [[Fayil:Kaaba 2.jpg|thumb|Ka'aba]] [[Fayil:Makkah Montage.jpg|thumb|gari mafitsarki aduniya]] [[Fayil:Uprooted palm trees at Makkah Street in Al Luqta.jpg|thumb|Jijiyar itace Na Makkah a ciki Al liqta]] [[File:Peace-Pakistan-Man-in-Ihram-Mecca.jpg|thumb]] == Tarihi == Tarihi A cikin 2010, Makka da kewaye sun zama wuri mai mahimmanci don ilimin burbushin halittu game da juyin halitta na farko, tare da gano burbushin Saadanius. Ana ɗaukar Saadanius a matsayin ɗan fari mai alaƙa da kakannin kakannin birai da birai na Tsohuwar Duniya. Wurin zama na burbushin halittu, kusa da abin da a yanzu ake kira Bahar Maliya a yammacin Saudiyya, yanki ne mai dausayi mai dausayi tsakanin shekaru miliyan 28 zuwa 29 da suka wuce.<ref>Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). "Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016.</ref> Masana burbushin halittu da ke cikin binciken suna fatan samun ƙarin burbushin halittu a yankin.<ref>Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.354. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref> Tarihin farko (har zuwa karni na 6 AD) Tarihin farko na Makka har yanzu yana cike da rashin ingantaccen tushe. Garin yana cikin tsakiyar yankin yammacin Larabawa wanda akwai wasu mabubbugar rubutu ko kayan tarihi masu yawa.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1</nowiki>. OCLC 978697983.</ref>Wannan rashin ilimin ya bambanta da yankunan arewaci da kudancin yammacin Larabawa, musamman yankin Syro-Falasdinawa da kuma Yemen, inda masana tarihi ke da tushe daban-daban kamar ragowar wuraren ibada, rubuce-rubuce, abubuwan lura da marubutan Greco-Roman, da bayanan da masana tarihi na coci suka tattara. Yankin Hejaz da ke kewaye da Makka yana da yanayin nisa, dutsen da ba shi da kyau, wanda ke tallafawa tsirar jama'a a cikin warwatsewar tudu da kuma shimfidar ƙasa mai albarka. Gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya ba ta ba da tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi ba kuma mazaunan bakin teku da ƙauyuka a yankin ba su da ilimi.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). ''Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4008-8736-1</bdi>. OCLC 978697983.</ref> Binciken ilimi ya nuna cewa a lokacin Muhammadu mutanen Makka sun kai kusan 550.[43] Malaman musulmi masu amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na iya sanya adadin ya kai 10,000.[44] Maganar Makka ta farko a cikin adabin da ba na Musulunci ba ya zo ne a shekara ta 741, tun bayan rasuwar Muhammad, a cikin tarihin Byzantine-Arab, ko da yake a nan marubucin ya sanya yankin a Mesopotamiya maimakon Hejaz.[45][[File:Public Domain Mecca Maps 17.jpg|thumb|Zanen yanayin garin makka a wani karni na baya]] <gallery> File:Badr Saudi Arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Yankin Badar a Saudi Arabiya </gallery> ==Tufafi == <gallery> File:Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.png|Yanayin sanya kayan mutanen saudiya a zamanin da </gallery> == Mulki == <gallery> File:Public Security's Khalid Fahad al-Shunaber - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Jami'i mai bayar da tsaro ga al'umma Khalid Fahad File:King Abdul Aziz Gate - panoramio.jpg|Babbar kofar Sarki Abdul Aziz </gallery> == Addini == <gallery> File:Supplicating Pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram. Mecca, Saudi Arabia.jpg|Masallacin harami File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|Mina File:Jabal Rahmat 2008 - panoramio.jpg|Dutsen Jabal Rahamat File:Worshippers eat at the Haram - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Alhazai a Makka mai girma </gallery> ==Qur'ani == [[File:Madina Hilton.JPG|thumb|hotal madina]] ==Masallatai == [[File:Makka, Konkani vishvakosh.png|thumb|Masallacin ka'aba]] [[File:Makka Masjid, Hyderabad.JPG|thumb|Masallacin Hydrabad Makka]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|Masallacin Ka'aba makka]] <gallery> File:Old Hubaidiyah Mosque - panoramio.jpg|Tsohon Masallaci a Hubaidiyah </gallery> ==Makkah == <gallery> File:Mekka .jpg|Massallacin Makkah da Dakin Ka'aba </gallery> ==Madina == [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R03.jpg|thumb|Cikin madina]] [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R01.jpg|thumb|Madina]] [[File:Madina Building, Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Manyan gine ginen madina]] <gallery> File:Saudi arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Masallacin Madina </gallery> == Mutane == <gallery> File:Essam Al Mojalid.JPG|Dan kasar Saudiya mai suna Essam Al Mojalid File:Hayat Sindi - PopTech 2012 - Camden Maine USA (8103609979).jpg|Hayat Sindi, Daya daga cikin sanannun mata a kasar Saudiya </gallery> == Al'adu == == Tattalin arziki == == Noma == <gallery> File:Date Palm Tree.jpg|Bishiyan Dabino File:Date palm tree.jpg|Yayan Dabino File:Three palm trees during the sunset, Ayia Marina Chrysochous, Paphos District, Cyprus 02.jpg|Bishiyoyin dabino File:Nature of Cambodia. Palm trees.jpg|Gonan dabino File:Orangerieschloss, Potsdam (SPSG2277).jpg|Bishiyan dabino a wani muhalli inda ba gona ba File:Opaque and mirroring green paddy fields with palm tree.jpg| Gonan Dabino </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Makkah}} [[Category:Biranen Saudiyya]] 04mkoahfu544je2ftrkkpb3o88y0byj 890547 890546 2026-08-02T11:09:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 890547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Makkah''', <ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref> Makkah al-Mukarramah a hukumance, <ref>Arabic: مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة, romanized: Makkah al-Mukarramah, lit. 'Makkah the Noble', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [makːa almʊkarːama]</ref> babban birnin lardin Makka ne a yankin Hejaz na yammacin Saudiyya; shi ne birni mafi tsarki a Musulunci<ref>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9</nowiki>.</ref>. Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (mil 43) daga Jeddah akan Bahar Maliya, a cikin wani kunkuntar kwari mai tsayin mita 277 (909 ft) sama da matakin teku. Yawan jama'arta a cikin 2022 ya kasance miliyan 2.4, wanda ya sa ya zama birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Saudi Arabiya bayan Riyadh da Jeddah. Kusan kashi 44.5 cikin 100 na al’ummar Saudiyya ‘yan kasar ne kuma kusan kashi 55.5% ‘yan kasashen waje ne musulmi daga wasu kasashe.<ref>"Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". City Population. Retrieved 3 February 2024.</ref> Yawan alhazai fiye da sau uku a kowace shekara a lokacin aikin hajji, wanda ake yi a watan Hijira na sha biyu ga Zul-Hajji<ref>"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage". Salamislam. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</ref>. Tare da baƙi sama da miliyan 10.8 na duniya a cikin 2023, Makka tana ɗaya daga cikin birane goma da aka fi ziyarta a duniya.<ref>"Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…". Euromonitor. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</ref> Makka gaba daya ana daukarsa "tushen tushen Musulunci"<ref>Ogle, Vanessa (2015). The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950. Harvard University Press. p. 173. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-674-28614-6</nowiki>. Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.</ref><ref>Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). ''Literary History Of The Arabs''. Routledge. p. 62. ISBN <bdi>978-1-136-17016-4</bdi>. <q>Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.</q></ref>. Ana girmama Makka a Musulunci a matsayin mahaifar Annabi Muhammadu. Kogon Hira da ke saman Jabal al-Nur ("Dutsen Haske"), kusa da birnin, shi ne inda Musulmai suka yi imani da cewa an saukar da Alkur'ani ne ga Muhammadu<ref>Khan, A M (2003). Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-81-87746-47-8</nowiki>.; Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an. Garant. pp. 61–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-90-441-1774-5</nowiki>.</ref>Ziyarar Makka don aikin Hajji wajibi ne a kan dukkan musulmin da ke da iko. [[Masjid al-Haram|Babban Masallacin Makkah]], wanda aka fi sani da Masjid al-Haram, gidan [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] ne, wanda Musulmi suka yi imani da cewa Ibrahim da Isma'il ne suka gina shi. Shi ne wuri mafi tsarki na Musulunci kuma alkiblar salla ga dukkan musulmin duniya<ref>Nasr, Seyyed (2005). Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam. Aperture. <nowiki>ISBN 0-89381-752-X</nowiki>.</ref>. Mahukuntan musulmi na yankin da kewaye sun dade suna kokarin kwace birnin da kuma rike shi a hannunsu, don haka kamar yadda akasarin yankin [[Hijaz]] ya yi, birnin ya ga canje canjen gwamnatoci da dama. A kwanan baya ne Ibn Saud da abokansa suka mamaye birnin a lokacin da Saudiyya ta mamaye birnin Hejaz a shekarar 1925. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Makka ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a girma da ababen more rayuwa, tare da sabbin gine-gine na zamani irin su The Clock Towers, gini na hudu mafi tsayi a duniya da kuma na uku mafi girma a kasa<ref>Bayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). "Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower". Dr. Ehsan Bayat. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</ref>.[[File:Bab Makkah 3.jpg|thumb|Kofa<ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref>higa Makkah]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|photon Ka'aba a birnin Makka mai girma]] [[Fayil:Kaaba 2.jpg|thumb|Ka'aba]] [[Fayil:Makkah Montage.jpg|thumb|gari mafitsarki aduniya]] [[Fayil:Uprooted palm trees at Makkah Street in Al Luqta.jpg|thumb|Jijiyar itace Na Makkah a ciki Al liqta]] [[File:Peace-Pakistan-Man-in-Ihram-Mecca.jpg|thumb]] == Tarihi == Tarihi A cikin 2010, Makka da kewaye sun zama wuri mai mahimmanci don ilimin burbushin halittu game da juyin halitta na farko, tare da gano burbushin Saadanius. Ana ɗaukar Saadanius a matsayin ɗan fari mai alaƙa da kakannin kakannin birai da birai na Tsohuwar Duniya. Wurin zama na burbushin halittu, kusa da abin da a yanzu ake kira Bahar Maliya a yammacin Saudiyya, yanki ne mai dausayi mai dausayi tsakanin shekaru miliyan 28 zuwa 29 da suka wuce.<ref>Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). "Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016.</ref> Masana burbushin halittu da ke cikin binciken suna fatan samun ƙarin burbushin halittu a yankin.<ref>Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.354. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref> Tarihin farko (har zuwa karni na 6 AD) Tarihin farko na Makka har yanzu yana cike da rashin ingantaccen tushe. Garin yana cikin tsakiyar yankin yammacin Larabawa wanda akwai wasu mabubbugar rubutu ko kayan tarihi masu yawa.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1</nowiki>. OCLC 978697983.</ref>Wannan rashin ilimin ya bambanta da yankunan arewaci da kudancin yammacin Larabawa, musamman yankin Syro-Falasdinawa da kuma Yemen, inda masana tarihi ke da tushe daban-daban kamar ragowar wuraren ibada, rubuce-rubuce, abubuwan lura da marubutan Greco-Roman, da bayanan da masana tarihi na coci suka tattara. Yankin Hejaz da ke kewaye da Makka yana da yanayin nisa, dutsen da ba shi da kyau, wanda ke tallafawa tsirar jama'a a cikin warwatsewar tudu da kuma shimfidar ƙasa mai albarka. Gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya ba ta ba da tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi ba kuma mazaunan bakin teku da ƙauyuka a yankin ba su da ilimi.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). ''Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4008-8736-1</bdi>. OCLC 978697983.</ref> Binciken ilimi ya nuna cewa a lokacin Muhammadu mutanen Makka sun kai kusan 550.[43] Malaman musulmi masu amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na iya sanya adadin ya kai 10,000.[44] Maganar Makka ta farko a cikin adabin da ba na Musulunci ba ya zo ne a shekara ta 741, tun bayan rasuwar Muhammad, a cikin tarihin Byzantine-Arab, ko da yake a nan marubucin ya sanya yankin a Mesopotamiya maimakon Hejaz.[45][[File:Public Domain Mecca Maps 17.jpg|thumb|Zanen yanayin garin makka a wani karni na baya]] <gallery> File:Badr Saudi Arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Yankin Badar a Saudi Arabiya </gallery> ==Tufafi == <gallery> File:Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.png|Yanayin sanya kayan mutanen saudiya a zamanin da </gallery> == Mulki == <gallery> File:Public Security's Khalid Fahad al-Shunaber - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Jami'i mai bayar da tsaro ga al'umma Khalid Fahad File:King Abdul Aziz Gate - panoramio.jpg|Babbar kofar Sarki Abdul Aziz </gallery> == Addini == <gallery> File:Supplicating Pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram. Mecca, Saudi Arabia.jpg|Masallacin harami File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|Mina File:Jabal Rahmat 2008 - panoramio.jpg|Dutsen Jabal Rahamat File:Worshippers eat at the Haram - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Alhazai a Makka mai girma </gallery> ==Qur'ani == [[File:Madina Hilton.JPG|thumb|hotal madina]] ==Masallatai == [[File:Makka, Konkani vishvakosh.png|thumb|Masallacin ka'aba]] [[File:Makka Masjid, Hyderabad.JPG|thumb|Masallacin Hydrabad Makka]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|Masallacin Ka'aba makka]] <gallery> File:Old Hubaidiyah Mosque - panoramio.jpg|Tsohon Masallaci a Hubaidiyah </gallery> ==Makkah == <gallery> File:Mekka .jpg|Massallacin Makkah da Dakin Ka'aba </gallery> ==Madina == [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R03.jpg|thumb|Cikin madina]] [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R01.jpg|thumb|Madina]] [[File:Madina Building, Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Manyan gine ginen madina]] <gallery> File:Saudi arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Masallacin Madina </gallery> == Mutane == <gallery> File:Essam Al Mojalid.JPG|Dan kasar Saudiya mai suna Essam Al Mojalid File:Hayat Sindi - PopTech 2012 - Camden Maine USA (8103609979).jpg|Hayat Sindi, Daya daga cikin sanannun mata a kasar Saudiya </gallery> == Noma == <gallery> File:Date Palm Tree.jpg|Bishiyan Dabino File:Date palm tree.jpg|Yayan Dabino File:Three palm trees during the sunset, Ayia Marina Chrysochous, Paphos District, Cyprus 02.jpg|Bishiyoyin dabino File:Nature of Cambodia. Palm trees.jpg|Gonan dabino File:Orangerieschloss, Potsdam (SPSG2277).jpg|Bishiyan dabino a wani muhalli inda ba gona ba File:Opaque and mirroring green paddy fields with palm tree.jpg| Gonan Dabino </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Makkah}} [[Category:Biranen Saudiyya]] 1577kzl4yv2q5pg8yt81v9pmrqmsqzx 890548 890547 2026-08-02T11:09:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 890548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Makkah''', <ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref> Makkah al-Mukarramah a hukumance, <ref>Arabic: مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة, romanized: Makkah al-Mukarramah, lit. 'Makkah the Noble', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [makːa almʊkarːama]</ref> babban birnin lardin Makka ne a yankin Hejaz na yammacin Saudiyya; shi ne birni mafi tsarki a Musulunci<ref>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-87779-546-9</nowiki>.</ref>. Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (mil 43) daga Jeddah akan Bahar Maliya, a cikin wani kunkuntar kwari mai tsayin mita 277 (909 ft) sama da matakin teku. Yawan jama'arta a cikin 2022 ya kasance miliyan 2.4, wanda ya sa ya zama birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Saudi Arabiya bayan Riyadh da Jeddah. Kusan kashi 44.5 cikin 100 na al’ummar Saudiyya ‘yan kasar ne kuma kusan kashi 55.5% ‘yan kasashen waje ne musulmi daga wasu kasashe.<ref>"Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". City Population. Retrieved 3 February 2024.</ref> Yawan alhazai fiye da sau uku a kowace shekara a lokacin aikin hajji, wanda ake yi a watan Hijira na sha biyu ga Zul-Hajji<ref>"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage". Salamislam. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</ref>. Tare da baƙi sama da miliyan 10.8 na duniya a cikin 2023, Makka tana ɗaya daga cikin birane goma da aka fi ziyarta a duniya.<ref>"Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…". Euromonitor. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</ref> Makka gaba daya ana daukarsa "tushen tushen Musulunci"<ref>Ogle, Vanessa (2015). The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950. Harvard University Press. p. 173. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-674-28614-6</nowiki>. Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.</ref><ref>Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). ''Literary History Of The Arabs''. Routledge. p. 62. ISBN <bdi>978-1-136-17016-4</bdi>. <q>Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.</q></ref>. Ana girmama Makka a Musulunci a matsayin mahaifar Annabi Muhammadu. Kogon Hira da ke saman Jabal al-Nur ("Dutsen Haske"), kusa da birnin, shi ne inda Musulmai suka yi imani da cewa an saukar da Alkur'ani ne ga Muhammadu<ref>Khan, A M (2003). Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-81-87746-47-8</nowiki>.; Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an. Garant. pp. 61–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-90-441-1774-5</nowiki>.</ref>Ziyarar Makka don aikin Hajji wajibi ne a kan dukkan musulmin da ke da iko. [[Masjid al-Haram|Babban Masallacin Makkah]], wanda aka fi sani da Masjid al-Haram, gidan [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] ne, wanda Musulmi suka yi imani da cewa Ibrahim da Isma'il ne suka gina shi. Shi ne wuri mafi tsarki na Musulunci kuma alkiblar salla ga dukkan musulmin duniya<ref>Nasr, Seyyed (2005). Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam. Aperture. <nowiki>ISBN 0-89381-752-X</nowiki>.</ref>. Mahukuntan musulmi na yankin da kewaye sun dade suna kokarin kwace birnin da kuma rike shi a hannunsu, don haka kamar yadda akasarin yankin [[Hijaz]] ya yi, birnin ya ga canje canjen gwamnatoci da dama. A kwanan baya ne Ibn Saud da abokansa suka mamaye birnin a lokacin da Saudiyya ta mamaye birnin Hejaz a shekarar 1925. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Makka ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a girma da ababen more rayuwa, tare da sabbin gine-gine na zamani irin su The Clock Towers, gini na hudu mafi tsayi a duniya da kuma na uku mafi girma a kasa<ref>Bayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). "Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower". Dr. Ehsan Bayat. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</ref>.[[File:Bab Makkah 3.jpg|thumb|Kofa<ref>/ˈmɛkə/</ref>higa Makkah]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|photon Ka'aba a birnin Makka mai girma]] [[Fayil:Kaaba 2.jpg|thumb|Ka'aba]] [[Fayil:Makkah Montage.jpg|thumb|gari mafitsarki aduniya]] [[Fayil:Uprooted palm trees at Makkah Street in Al Luqta.jpg|thumb|Jijiyar itace Na Makkah a ciki Al liqta]] [[File:Peace-Pakistan-Man-in-Ihram-Mecca.jpg|thumb]] == Tarihi == Tarihi A cikin 2010, Makka da kewaye sun zama wuri mai mahimmanci don ilimin burbushin halittu game da juyin halitta na farko, tare da gano burbushin Saadanius. Ana ɗaukar Saadanius a matsayin ɗan fari mai alaƙa da kakannin kakannin birai da birai na Tsohuwar Duniya. Wurin zama na burbushin halittu, kusa da abin da a yanzu ake kira Bahar Maliya a yammacin Saudiyya, yanki ne mai dausayi mai dausayi tsakanin shekaru miliyan 28 zuwa 29 da suka wuce.<ref>Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). "Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016.</ref> Masana burbushin halittu da ke cikin binciken suna fatan samun ƙarin burbushin halittu a yankin.<ref>Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.354. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref> Tarihin farko (har zuwa karni na 6 AD) Tarihin farko na Makka har yanzu yana cike da rashin ingantaccen tushe. Garin yana cikin tsakiyar yankin yammacin Larabawa wanda akwai wasu mabubbugar rubutu ko kayan tarihi masu yawa.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1</nowiki>. OCLC 978697983.</ref>Wannan rashin ilimin ya bambanta da yankunan arewaci da kudancin yammacin Larabawa, musamman yankin Syro-Falasdinawa da kuma Yemen, inda masana tarihi ke da tushe daban-daban kamar ragowar wuraren ibada, rubuce-rubuce, abubuwan lura da marubutan Greco-Roman, da bayanan da masana tarihi na coci suka tattara. Yankin Hejaz da ke kewaye da Makka yana da yanayin nisa, dutsen da ba shi da kyau, wanda ke tallafawa tsirar jama'a a cikin warwatsewar tudu da kuma shimfidar ƙasa mai albarka. Gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya ba ta ba da tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi ba kuma mazaunan bakin teku da ƙauyuka a yankin ba su da ilimi.<ref>Peters, F. E. (1994). ''Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land''. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4008-8736-1</bdi>. OCLC 978697983.</ref> Binciken ilimi ya nuna cewa a lokacin Muhammadu mutanen Makka sun kai kusan 550.[43] Malaman musulmi masu amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na iya sanya adadin ya kai 10,000.[44] Maganar Makka ta farko a cikin adabin da ba na Musulunci ba ya zo ne a shekara ta 741, tun bayan rasuwar Muhammad, a cikin tarihin Byzantine-Arab, ko da yake a nan marubucin ya sanya yankin a Mesopotamiya maimakon Hejaz.[45][[File:Public Domain Mecca Maps 17.jpg|thumb|Zanen yanayin garin makka a wani karni na baya]] <gallery> File:Badr Saudi Arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Yankin Badar a Saudi Arabiya </gallery> ==Tufafi == <gallery> File:Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.png|Yanayin sanya kayan mutanen saudiya a zamanin da </gallery> == Mulki == <gallery> File:Public Security's Khalid Fahad al-Shunaber - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Jami'i mai bayar da tsaro ga al'umma Khalid Fahad File:King Abdul Aziz Gate - panoramio.jpg|Babbar kofar Sarki Abdul Aziz </gallery> == Addini == <gallery> File:Supplicating Pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram. Mecca, Saudi Arabia.jpg|Masallacin harami File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|Mina File:Jabal Rahmat 2008 - panoramio.jpg|Dutsen Jabal Rahamat File:Worshippers eat at the Haram - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|Alhazai a Makka mai girma </gallery> ==Qur'ani == [[File:Madina Hilton.JPG|thumb|hotal madina]] ==Masallatai == [[File:Makka, Konkani vishvakosh.png|thumb|Masallacin ka'aba]] [[File:Makka Masjid, Hyderabad.JPG|thumb|Masallacin Hydrabad Makka]] [[File:Makka.jpg|thumb|Masallacin Ka'aba makka]] <gallery> File:Old Hubaidiyah Mosque - panoramio.jpg|Tsohon Masallaci a Hubaidiyah </gallery> ==Makkah == <gallery> File:Mekka .jpg|Massallacin Makkah da Dakin Ka'aba </gallery> ==Madina == [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R03.jpg|thumb|Cikin madina]] [[File:Luxor El-Madina El-Monawwara R01.jpg|thumb|Madina]] [[File:Madina Building, Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|Manyan gine ginen madina]] <gallery> File:Saudi arabia - panoramio (5).jpg|Masallacin Madina </gallery> == Mutane == <gallery> File:Essam Al Mojalid.JPG|Dan kasar Saudiya mai suna Essam Al Mojalid File:Hayat Sindi - PopTech 2012 - Camden Maine USA (8103609979).jpg|Hayat Sindi, Daya daga cikin sanannun mata a kasar Saudiya </gallery> == Noma == <gallery> File:Date Palm Tree.jpg|Bishiyan Dabino File:Date palm tree.jpg|Yayan Dabino File:Three palm trees during the sunset, Ayia Marina Chrysochous, Paphos District, Cyprus 02.jpg|Bishiyoyin dabino File:Nature of Cambodia. Palm trees.jpg|Gonan dabino File:Orangerieschloss, Potsdam (SPSG2277).jpg|Bishiyan dabino a wani muhalli inda ba gona ba File:Opaque and mirroring green paddy fields with palm tree.jpg| Gonan Dabino </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Makkah}} [[Category:Biranen Saudiyya]] 9xm96gsf3ub0svd5l4h3ul37vieas3d 0 6613 890514 479942 2026-08-02T10:33:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 890514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Alain_Jupp%C3%A9_et_Hillary_Clinton.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Alain Juppe da Hillary Clinton.]] [[File:Alain Juppé à Québec en 2015 (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Alain Juppé a shekara ta 2015.]] '''Alain Juppé''' ɗan siyassiyasaran [[Faransa]] ne. An haife shi a shekara ta 1945 a [[Mont-de-Marsan]], Faransa. Alain Juppé firaministan ƙasar Faransa ne daga watan Mayun 1995 zuwa Yuni 1997.<ref>Decision from the Minister of Economy, finances and industry of 13 November 2002, admitting Alain Juppé into retirement". Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.</ref> [[File:Alain_Jupp%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Alain Juppe a Quebec]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1945]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Juppé, Alain}} [[Category:'Yan siyasan Faransa]] ha4kpurxb6mau2vgpvq2mrm8a01d96b 890515 890514 2026-08-02T10:33:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 890515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Alain_Jupp%C3%A9_et_Hillary_Clinton.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Alain Juppe da Hillary Clinton.]] [[File:Alain Juppé à Québec en 2015 (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Alain Juppé a shekara ta 2015.]] '''Alain Juppé''' ɗan siyassiyasaran [[Faransa]] ne. An haife shi a shekara ta 1945 a [[Mont-de-Marsan]], Faransa. Alain Juppé firaministan ƙasar Faransa ne daga watan Mayun 1995 zuwa Yuni 1997.<ref>Decision from the Minister of Economy, finances and industry of 13 November 2002, admitting Alain Juppé into retirement". Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.</ref><ref>Chrisafis, Angelique (21 October 2016). "Alain Juppé calls for the UK border to be moved from Calais to Kent". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.</ref> [[File:Alain_Jupp%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Alain Juppe a Quebec]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1945]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Juppé, Alain}} [[Category:'Yan siyasan Faransa]] tebam8zkk8kc226sw5tikjlyycx9gn9 0 6784 890332 874564 2026-08-01T21:44:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vincent Paté Aboubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Kamaru wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, kwanan nan a kulob din Neftçi na Premier League na Azerbaijan kuma Kyaftin din tawagar ƙasar Kamaru . Aboubakar ya fara aikinsa a Coton Sport kuma ya koma Turai a shekarar 2010, inda ya buga wa ƙungiyoyin Ligue 1 Valenciennes da Lorient wasa, jimillar wasanni 109 da kuma kwallaye 26 a manyan ƙungiyoyin Faransa. A shekarar 2015, ya sanya hannu a Porto, inda ya buga wasanni 125 kuma ya zura kwallaye 58, inda ya lashe gasar Primeira Liga. Ya lashe gasar Turkish Süper Lig a lokacin da yake aro a Beşiktaş a shekarar 2017, sannan kuma a shekarar 2021. Aboubakar ya samu fiye da 110 a [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|Kamaru]] tun lokacin da ya fara buga wasan kasa da kasa a watan Mayu 2010. A halin yanzu shi ne na biyu mafi girma a tarihin tawagar kasa, bayan [[Samuel Eto'o]] kawai. Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar su a gasar cin [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|Kofin Duniya na FIFA]] ta 2010, 2014 da [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|2022]] da kuma gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]] a 2015, 2017, 2021 da [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|2023]]. Aboubakar ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na gasar 2017, kuma shine Babban mai zira kwallaye a shekarar 2021. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Vincent Aboubakar a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 1992 a [[Garoua]], yankin Arewacin Kamaru . An haife shi a cikin iyalin [[Kirista]] masu ibada a cikin birni mai yawan Musulmai kuma mahaifiyarsa Maobeal Alice ta kasance mai hidima ga ƙungiyar masu wa'azi na bishara ta Kamaru . == Ayyukan kulob din == [[Fayil:FC_Lorient_-_June_27th_2013_training_-_Vincent_Aboubakar_1.JPG|left|thumb|201x201px|Aboubakar tare da Lorient a cikin 2013]] === Mata na Valencian === On 26 May 2010, Aboubakar signed with Valenciennes in France.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Valenciennes recrute à Quevilly |url=http://www.sport.fr/football/ligue-1-valenciennes-recrute-quevilly-187583.shtm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719172946/http://www.sport.fr/football/ligue-1-valenciennes-recrute-quevilly-187583.shtm |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=19 July 2011 |website=sport.fr}}</ref> He was assigned the number 9 shirt and made his debut in the club's opening league match of the season against Nice appearing as a substitute. He scored his first goal and hat-trick against Boulogne in Coupe de la Ligue. === Gabas ta Tsakiya === Aboubakar signed for Lorient on a free transfer on 1 July 2013. He made his debut for the Breton team on 10 August, playing the full 90 minutes of a 1–0 loss at Lille, and scored his first goal eight days later, equalising in a 2–1 win over Nantes at the Stade du Moustoir. He came joint second top scorer over the season with 16 league goals from 35 appearances, including braces in a 4–0 win at Évian on 23 November and a 4–4 home draw with Montpellier on 20 April 2014. === Porto === [[Fayil:Shahter-Portu_(1).jpg|thumb|301x301px|Aboubakar yana wasa a FC Porto a shekarar 2014]] Aboubakar ya sanya hannu a Porto a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu don kudin Yuro miliyan 3, daidai da kashi 30% na haƙƙin tattalin arzikinsa. Ya kasance a baya ga Hull City. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba a wasan 1-1 na Premier League a Vitória S.C., inda ya maye gurbin Héctor Herrera a karin lokaci. Kwanaki uku bayan haka a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]], bayan ya zo Jackson Martínez, ya zira kwallaye na farko a Porto don kammala nasarar da ya samu a gida 6-0 a kan BATE Borisov a matakin rukuni na gasar zakarurorin Turai ta UEFA. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, kuma a matsayin mai maye gurbin Colombian, ya zira kwallaye na farko don kammala nasarar 5-0 a F.C. Arouca . An yi amfani da shi kusan kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin a lokacin kakar, yayin da Porto ta kammala matsayi na biyu ga S.L. Benfica. In his second season in Portugal, following the sale of Martínez, Aboubakar played much more regularly. He opened the season on 15 August 2015 with two goals in a 3–0 win over Vitória at the Estádio do Dragão, and scored twice the following 10 January in a 5–0 win at city rivals Boavista FC. He scored once in five games as the team reached the final of the Taça de Portugal, and scored the only goal of the fifth-round win at C.D. Feirense on 16 December 2015. ==== Kudin zuwa Beşiktaş ==== A ranar 27 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2016, 'yan wasan [[Süper Lig|Super Lig]] [[Beşiktaş]] sun sanya hannu kan Aboubakar kan aro na tsawon lokaci. Ya fara bugawa kulob din [[Istanbul]] a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin Olcay Shaan a minti shida na karshe na nasarar 3-1 a gida a kan Kardemir Karabükspor . Bai ci kwallo ba har sai wasan sa na takwas, inda ya ba da gudummawa ga kwallaye biyu ga nasarar 3-2 a gasar zakarun Turai a Napoli a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2016 wanda shine nasarar farko ta kulob din a gasar tun Nuwamba 2009. Kwanaki hudu bayan haka ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar, ya kuma taimaka wa Talisca a nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Antalyaspor]] a Vodafone Park . A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, ya zira kwallaye a kowane bangare na nasarar da ya samu 5-2 a kan Olympiacos a zagaye na 16 a gasar UEFA Europa League, kodayake an kore shi a wasan na biyu don yaƙi da Panagiotis Retsos . Ya gama kakar wasa ta bana inda ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 27 da ya buga, yayin da Black Eagles suka ci gaba da lashe gasar. ==== Komawa zuwa Porto ==== Bayan ya koma Portugal, Aboubakar ya kasance wani ɓangare na hari uku da aka yi da 'yan wasan Afirka, tare da [[Musa Marega|Moussa Marega]] na Mali da [[Yacine Brahimi]] na Aljeriya. Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Dragons a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 2017 a cikin nasarar 3-0 a gida a kan Moreirense FC. A ranar 13 ga watan Satumba, yayin da yakin neman zagaye na farko ya fara ne da asarar gida 3-1 ga Beşiktaş, ya yi bikin tare da tsoffin abokan aikinsa a cikin ɗakin su. Ya zira kwallaye sau biyar a cikin rukuni yayin da Porto ta ci gaba, ciki har da kwallaye biyu a duka nasarar da ya samu a kan zakarun Faransa AS Monaco . A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, ya sake zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 5-0 a Vitória F.C. wanda ya mayar da Porto a saman teburin. A watan Satumbar 2018, Aboubakar ya sami rauni a baya a kan C.D. Tondela . An yi masa tiyata, wanda ya haifar da rashin sauka na dogon lokaci. A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2019, ya dawo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Marega a cikin nasara 4-0 a gida a kan CD Aves. A ranar 18 ga watan Agustan 2019, Aboubakar ya buga cikakken minti 90 na wasan 1-1 na FC Porto B a gida tare da Varzim S.C. a LigaPro . === Komawa zuwa Beşiktaş === Bayan ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da Porto, Aboubakar ya koma Istanbul don saduwa da Beşiktaş a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2020. Kashegari, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa 31 ga Mayu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2020 |title=Vincent Aboubakar'ın lisansı çıktı! |trans-title=Vincent Aboubakar's license released! |url=https://www.duhuliye.com/futbol/vincent-aboubakar-in-lisansi-cikti-h34719.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030064508/https://www.duhuliye.com/futbol/vincent-aboubakar-in-lisansi-cikti-h34719.html |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=26 September 2020 |publisher=Duhuliye |language=tr}}</ref> A cikin kakar wasa daya da ya yi a Istanbul, shi ne na biyar mafi girma da ya zira kwallaye tare da kwallaye 15 yayin da tawagarsa ta lashe gasar. Wannan ya hada da biyu a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba a cikin nasara 4-3 a abokan hamayyar birni [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] . === Al Nassr === A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2021, Aboubakar ya sanya hannu tare da kungiyar Saudi Pro League [[Al-Nassr|Al Nassr]] kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. An saita albashinsa a € 6 miliyan a kowace shekara. Aboubakar ya cimma yarjejeniya don dakatar da kwangilarsa a kulob din da ke [[Riyadh]] a watan Janairun 2023, ana biyan shi don abin da ya rage. An buƙaci ficewarsa don ya 'yantar da wani wuri na baƙo ga [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. === Lokaci na uku a Beşiktaş === A ranar 21 ga watan Janairun 2023, Aboubakar ya sake sanya hannu tare da kulob din Beşiktaş na Turkiyya a matsayin maye gurbin dan wasan gaba mai barin Wout Weghorst. Yarjejeniyar shekara 2 da rabi ta haɗa da kyautar sa hannu ta Yuro miliyan 1.1 da Yuro miliyan 1.5 don kakar 2022-23, da Yuro milio 3.1 a kowane kakar don sauran lokutan, ban da matsakaicin Yuro 12,000 a kowane wasa dangane da tsawon lokaci da nau'in gasar. Aboubakar ya zira kwallaye 13 daga wasanni 16 a rabi na biyu na kakar, ya sanya shi na tara a cikin jerin manyan masu zira kwallayen Süper Lig na 2022-23. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=İlk Sırada Hangi Forvet Var? Bu Sezon Süper Lig'de Dakika Başına En Çok Gol Atan Futbolcular |url=https://onedio.com/haber/ilk-sirada-hangi-forvet-var-bu-sezon-super-lig-de-dakika-basina-en-cok-gol-atan-futbolcular-1154599 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231092719/https://onedio.com/haber/ilk-sirada-hangi-forvet-var-bu-sezon-super-lig-de-dakika-basina-en-cok-gol-atan-futbolcular-1154599 |archive-date=31 December 2023 |access-date=31 December 2023 |website=Onedio |language=Turkish}}</ref>  A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, an sanar da cewa an cire Aboubakar daga tawagar tare da Valentin Rosier, Eric Bailly, [[Rachid Ghezzal]] da Jean Onana saboda rashin aiki da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulübümüzden Bilgilendirme |url=https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/87745/kulubumuzden-bilgilendirme.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211111726/https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/87745/kulubumuzden-bilgilendirme.html |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023 |publisher=Beşiktaş J.K.}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, kulob din ya gafarta wa Aboubakar, kuma ya fara horo tare da tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2024 |title=Beşiktaş'ta Vincent Aboubakar geri döndü |url=https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/kadro-disi-olan-vincent-aboubakar-geri-dondu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214154912/https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/kadro-disi-olan-vincent-aboubakar-geri-dondu |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=14 February 2024 |publisher=cnnturk.com}}</ref> An haɗa shi a cikin tawagar don wasan da ke zuwa da Konyaspor . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beşiktaş'ta Aboubakar 13 maç sonra kadroya döndü |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/sporskor/besiktasta-aboubakar-13-mac-sonra-kadroya-dondu,WcKkThOLvkeqn8UjKTH-Ag |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182326/https://www.ntv.com.tr/sporskor/besiktasta-aboubakar-13-mac-sonra-kadroya-dondu,WcKkThOLvkeqn8UjKTH-Ag |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |publisher=ntvspor}}</ref> === Hatayspor === Aboubakar ya sanya hannu tare da kulob din Hatayspor na Turkiyya bayan ya dakatar da kwangilarsa da [[Beşiktaş]] saboda wani dalili da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vincent Aboubakar, Atakaş Hatayspor'a Transfer Oldu |url=https://bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/89733/vincent-aboubakar-atakas-hatayspora-transfer-oldu.html |access-date=9 September 2024 |publisher=Beşiktaş J.K.}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2025, Aboubakar ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da kungiyar Hatayspor ta Turkiyya ta hanyar yarjejeniyar juna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2025 |title=Cameroon captain Aboubakar departs Hatayspor |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/cameroon-captain-aboubakar-departs-hatayspor |access-date=12 May 2025 |publisher=Pan-Africa football }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Neftçi PFK === A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2025, Aboubakar ya sanya hannu a kulob din Neftçi na Premier League na Azerbaijan kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xoş gəldin, Vensan Abubakar! |trans-title=Welcome, Vincent Aboubakar! |url=https://neftchi.az/az/news/neftchi-news-2025-10-21-173039 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=Neftçi PFK |language=az}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2026, Neftçi ya sanar da cewa Aboubakar zai bar kulob din bayan kwangilarsa ta kare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2026 |title=Abubakar, Kuç və Kostinə təşəkkür edirik! |url=https://neftchi.az/az/news/neftchi-news-2026-05-26-124847 |access-date=26 May 2026 |website=neftchi.az |publisher=Neftçi PFK |language=Azerbaijani}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A ranar 18 ga Agusta 2009, an kira Aboubakar cikin tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Kamaru don wasannin Faransanci a Beirut. A watan Mayu na 2010, yana da shekara 18, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 ta Kamaru don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010. Aboubakar shi ne kaɗai ɗan wasa a cikin ƙungiyar da ke zaune a Kamaru. Ya fara buga wasan sada zumunci a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2010 da Slovakia. A ranar 11 ga Agusta 2010, Aboubakar ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, a wasan sada zumunci da Poland. An kira shi don shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 a Brazil, sannan kuma don shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2015. A gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2017, Aboubakar ya zura ƙwallon minti 88 a wasan ƙarshe wanda ya bai wa Kamaru nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Masar, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen jiran da ƙasarsa ta yi na shekaru 15 na lashe kofin nahiyar. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, yana cikin tawagar Kamaru a gasar cin kofin FIFA Confederation Cup ta 2017 a Rasha. Ya zira kwallon ta'aziyya a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun zakarun duniya Jamus a Sochi a ranar 25 ga Yuni. Aboubakar bai halarci tawagar Kamaru ta gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ba, inda kocinta Clarence Seedorf ya nuna shakku kan lafiyarsa bayan dawowarsa daga rauni na dogon lokaci. Aboubakar ya koma tawagar kasa don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2021, wadda kasarsa ta dauki nauyin shiryawa a farkon shekara mai zuwa. Ya zira kwallaye biyar a matakin rukuni a kan Burkina Faso, Habasha da Cape Verde, sannan ya zira kwallaye shida a wasan da suka doke Comoros da ci 2-1 a zagaye na 16. A wasan da ya zo na uku da Burkina Faso, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka tashi 3-3, wanda daga karshe aka ci shi a bugun fenariti. Da kwallaye 8 a wasanni 7, shi ne ya fi zura kwallaye kuma ya shiga cikin kungiyar da ta fi kowacce yawan kwallaye a gasar. A gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka aka tashi kunnen doki 3-3 da Serbia. BBC Sport ta bayyana kwallon da ya ci a matsayin "abin takaici". Ya zura kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan [[Brazil]] a wasa na uku, bayan haka ya ci katin gargadi na biyu saboda cire rigarsa, don haka aka kore shi daga wasa. An ji rauni a Aboubakar kafin gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2023 a Ivory Coast. Ya murmure a kan lokaci a wasanni 16 na karshe, inda abokan hamayyarsa Najeriya suka fitar da tawagarsa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama wasa na 100 da tawagar kasar. A watan Disamba na 2025, an cire shi daga tawagar karshe ta gasar cin kofin kasashen [[Afirka]] ta 2025. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|match played 23 May 2026}}<ref name=SW/>{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Taça de Portugal]], [[Turkish Cup]], [[King's Cup (Saudi Arabia)|King Cup]]}} !colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Taça da Liga]]}} !colspan="2"|Continental !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[Coton Sport FC de Garoua|Coton Sport]] |[[2009–10 Elite One|2009–10]] |[[Elite One]] |15||7||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||15||7 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Valenciennes FC|Valenciennes]] |[[2010–11 Ligue 1|2010–11]] |rowspan="3"|[[Ligue 1]] |17||1||1||0||2||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||20||4 |- |[[2011–12 Ligue 1|2011–12]] |27||6||4||2||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||8 |- |[[2012–13 Ligue 1|2012–13]] |28||2||0||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||30||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total !72!!9!!6!!3!!3!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!81!!15 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Lorient|Lorient]] |[[2013–14 Ligue 1|2013–14]] |rowspan="2"|Ligue 1 |35||16||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||16 |- |[[2014–15 FC Lorient season|2014–15]] |2||1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !37!!17!!1!!0!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!38!!17 |- |rowspan="6"|[[FC Porto|Porto]] |[[2014–15 FC Porto season|2014–15]] |rowspan="5"|[[Primeira Liga]] |14||4||0||0||2||1||4{{efn|name=UCL|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}}||3||colspan="2"|—||20||8 |- |[[2015–16 FC Porto season|2015–16]] |28||13||5||1||1||1||8{{efn|Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League}}||3||colspan="2"|—||42||18 |- |[[2017–18 FC Porto season|2017–18]] |28||15||5||4||4||2||6{{efn|name=UCL}}||5||colspan="2"|—||43||26 |- |[[2018–19 FC Porto season|2018–19]] |8||4||0||0||1||0||1{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|name=SCO|Appearance in [[Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira]]}}||0||11||4 |- |[[2019–20 FC Porto season|2019–20]] |5||0||2||0||0||0||2{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Champions League, one appearance and two goals in UEFA Europa League}}||2||colspan="2"|—||9||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !83!!36!!12!!5!!8!!4!!21!!13!!1!!0!!125!!58 |- |[[Beşiktaş J.K.|Beşiktaş]] (loan) |[[2016–17 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2016–17]] |rowspan="2"|[[Süper Lig]] |27||12||2||1||colspan="2"|—||9{{efn|Six appearances and three goals in UEFA Champions League, three appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League}}||6||colspan="2"|—||38||19 |- |Beşiktaş |[[2020–21 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2020–21]] |26||15||3||1||colspan="2"|—||0||0||colspan="2"|—||29||16 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Al Nassr FC|Al Nassr]] |[[2021–22 Al-Nassr FC season|2021–22]] |rowspan="2"|[[Saudi Pro League]] |23||8||1||0||colspan="2"|–||3{{efn|name=ACL|Appearances in [[AFC Champions League]]}}||1||colspan="2"|–||27||9 |- |[[2022–23 Al-Nassr FC season|2022–23]] |11||4||1||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||0||0||12||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !34!!12!!2!!0!!colspan="2"|–!!3!!1!!0!!0!!39!!13 |- |rowspan="3"|Beşiktaş |[[2022–23 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2022–23]] |rowspan="2"|Süper Lig |16||13||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||16||13 |- |[[2023–24 Beşiktaş J.K. season|2023–24]] |22||5||2||0||colspan="2"|—||10{{efn|name=UECL|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}||7|| colspan="2"|—||34||12 |- !colspan="2"|Total !38!!18!!2!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!10!!7!!colspan="2"|—!!50!!25 |- |[[Hatayspor]] |[[2024–25 Hatayspor season|2024–25]] |Süper Lig |25||7||3||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||28||8 |- |[[Neftçi PFK|Neftçi]] |[[2025–26 Neftçi PFK season|2025–26]] |[[Azerbaijan Premier League]] |16||7||2||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||18||9 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !359!!140!!31!!13!!11!!7!!43!!27!!1!!0!!444!!187 |} {{notelist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Aikin kasa da kasa == [[File:Cameroon-Chilie (8).jpg|thumb|Aboubakar playing against [[Chile national football team|Chile]] at the 2017 Confederations Cup]] {{updated|match played 13 November 2025}}<ref name=nft>{{NFT player}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="16"|[[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] |2010||7||1 |- |2011||5||0 |- |2012||5||0 |- |2013||4||0 |- |2014||10||5 |- |2015||12||6 |- |2016||5||2 |- |2017||16||5 |- |2018||1||1 |- |2019||2||0 |- |2020||2||3 |- |2021||8||2 |- |2022||17||10 |- |2023||4||2 |- |2024||10||5 |- |2025||9||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!117!!45 |} {{updated|match played 9 June 2025}}<ref name=nft/><ref name=SW>{{soccerway|vincent-aboubakar/131021}}</ref> :''Scores and results list Cameroon's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Aboubakar goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Vincent Aboubakar !scope="col"|No. !scope="col" data-sort-type="date"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Cap !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition |- |align="center"|1 |11 August 2010||[[Stadion Poznań]], [[Poznań]], Poland||align="center"|5||{{fb|POL}}||align="center"|3–0||align="center"|3–0||[[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- |align="center"|2 |5 March 2014||[[Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa]], [[Leiria]], Portugal||align="center"|22||{{fb|POR}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–5||Friendly |- |align="center"|3 |6 September 2014||[[Stade TP Mazembe]], [[Lubumbashi]], DR Congo||align="center"|27||{{fb|DRC}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|2–0||[[2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group D|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|4 |rowspan="2"|10 September 2014||rowspan="2"|[[Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium]], [[Yaoundé]], Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|28||rowspan="2"|{{fb|CIV}}||align="center"|2–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|5 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|6 |15 November 2014||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|30||{{fb|DRC}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|7 |10 January 2015||[[Stade d'Angondjé]], [[Libreville]], Gabon||align="center"|32||{{fb|RSA}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–1||Friendly |- |align="center"|8 |25 March 2015||[[Gelora Delta Stadium]], [[Sidoarjo Regency|Sidoarjo]], Indonesia||align="center"|36||{{fb|IDN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||Friendly |- |align="center"|9 |6 June 2015||[[Stade Yves-du-Manoir]], [[Colombes]], France||align="center"|37||{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|3–2||Friendly |- |align="center"|10 |14 June 2015||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|39||{{fb|MTN|1959}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group M|2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|11 |6 September 2015||[[Independence Stadium (Bakau)|Independence Stadium]], [[Bakau]], Gambia||align="center"|40||{{fb|GAM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|12 |13 November 2015||[[Stade Général Seyni Kountché]], [[Niamey]], Niger||align="center"|42||{{fb|NIG}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|3–0||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|13 |30 May 2016||[[Stade de la Beaujoire]], [[Nantes]], France||align="center"|45||{{fb|FRA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|2–3||Friendly |- |align="center"|14 |12 November 2016||[[Kouekong Stadium]], [[Bafoussam]], Cameroon||align="center"|48||{{fb|ZAM}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–1||[[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF third round|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|15 |5 February 2017||[[Stade d'Angondjé|Stade de l'Amitié]], Libreville, Gabon||align="center"|54||{{fb|EGY}}||align="center"|2–1||align="center"|2–1||[[2017 Africa Cup of Nations final]] |- |align="center"|16 |24 March 2017||[[Mustapha Ben Jannet Stadium]], [[Monastir, Tunisia|Monastir]], Tunisia||align="center"|55||{{fb|TUN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||Friendly |- |align="center"|17 |10 June 2017||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|57||{{fb|MAR}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group B|2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|18 |25 June 2017||[[Fisht Olympic Stadium]], [[Sochi]], Russia||align="center"|60||{{fb|GER}}||align="center"|1–2||align="center"|1–3||[[2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Group B|2017 FIFA Confederations Cup]] |- |align="center"|19 |4 September 2017||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|62||{{fb|NGA}}||align="center"|1–1||align="center"|1–1||2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|20 |25 March 2018||[[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], [[Kuwait City]], Kuwait||align="center"|65||{{fb|KUW}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|3–1||Friendly |- |align="center"|21 |rowspan="2"|12 November 2020||rowspan="2"|[[Reunification Stadium]], [[Douala]], Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|68||rowspan="2"|{{fb|MOZ}}||align="center"|1–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group F|2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|22 |align="center"|2–0 |- |align="center"|23 |16 November 2020||[[Estádio do Zimpeto]], [[Maputo]], Mozambique||align="center"|69||{{fb|MOZ}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–0||2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|24 |3 September 2021||[[Olembe Stadium|Paul Biya Stadium]], Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|72||{{fb|MWI}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–0||[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round|2022 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|25 |13 November 2021||[[Orlando Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa||align="center"|76||{{fb|MWI}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|4–0||2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|26 |rowspan="2"|9 January 2022||rowspan="2"|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|78||rowspan="2"|{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|1–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|2–1||rowspan="2"|[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- |align="center"|27 |align="center"|2–1 |- |align="center"|28 |rowspan="2"|13 January 2022||rowspan="2"|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|79||rowspan="2"|{{fb|ETH}}||align="center"|2–1||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|29 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|30 |17 January 2022||Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|80||{{fb|CPV}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–1||2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|31 |24 January 2022||Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|81||{{fb|COM}}||align="center"|2–0||align="center"|2–1||2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|32 |rowspan="2"|5 February 2022||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|84||rowspan="2"|{{fb|BFA}}||align="center"|2–3||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|3–3||rowspan="2"|2021 Africa Cup of Nations |- |align="center"|33 |align="center"|3–3 |- |align="center"|34 |28 November 2022||[[Al Janoub Stadium]], [[Al Wakrah]], Qatar||align="center"|93||{{fb|SRB}}||align="center"|2–3||align="center"|3–3||[[2022 FIFA World Cup Group G|2022 FIFA World Cup]] |- |align="center"|35 |2 December 2022||[[Lusail Stadium]], [[Lusail]], Qatar||align="center"|94||{{fb|BRA}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||2022 FIFA World Cup |- |align="center"|36 |28 March 2023||[[Dobsonville Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa||align="center"|95||{{fb|NAM}}||align="center"|1–2||align="center"|1–2||[[2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group C|2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|37 |12 September 2023||[[Roumdé Adjia Stadium]], [[Garoua]], Cameroon||align="center"|96||{{fb|BDI}}||align="center"|3–0||align="center"|3–0||2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|38 |rowspan="2"|8 June 2024||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|101||rowspan="2"|{{fb|CPV}}||align="center"|2–0||rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|4–1||rowspan="2"|[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Group D|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |align="center"|39 |align="center"|3–1 |- |align="center"|40 |7 September 2024||[[Japoma Stadium]], Doaula, Cameroon||align="center"|103||{{fb|NAM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|1–0||[[2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group J|2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification]] |- |align="center"|41 |11 October 2024||Japoma Stadium, Doaula, Cameroon||align="center"|105||{{fb|KEN}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|4–1||2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|42 |19 November 2024||Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center"|108||{{fb|ZIM}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center"|2–1||2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- |align="center"|43 |rowspan="2"|25 March 2025||rowspan="2"|Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon||align="center" rowspan="2"|110||rowspan="2"|{{fb|LBY}}||align="center"|1–0||align="center" rowspan="2"|3–1||rowspan="2"|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification |- |align="center"|44 |align="center"|3–0 |- | style="text-align:center"|45 || 9 June 2025 || [[Marrakesh Stadium]], [[Marrakesh]], Morocco || align="center" | 112 || {{fb|EQG}} || style="text-align:center"|1–0 || style="text-align:center"|1–1 || Friendly |} ==Daraja== '''Coton Sport''' *[[Elite One]]: [[2009–10 Elite One|2009–10]] '''Beşiktaş''' *[[Süper Lig]]: [[2016-17 Süper Lig|2016–17]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 May 2016|title=Beşiktaş end Turkish title drought|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/022d-0e94532b623d-8efdc4253039-1000--besiktas-end-turkish-title-drought/|access-date=1 August 2020|website=[[UEFA]]|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908182601/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/member-associations/TUR/news/022d-0e94532b623d-8efdc4253039-1000--besiktas-end-turkish-title-drought/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2020–21 Süper Lig|2020–21]] *[[Turkish Cup]]: [[2020–21 Turkish Cup|2020–21]], [[2023–24 Turkish Cup|2023–24]] * [[Turkish Super Cup]]: [[2024 Turkish Super Cup|2024]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.turkiyetoday.com/sports/besiktas-claims-turkcell-super-cup-with-5-0-win-over-galatasaray-35863/|title=Besiktas claims Turkcell Super Cup with 5-0 win over Galatasaray|website=Türkiye Today|date=3 August 2024|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> '''Porto''' *[[Primeira Liga]]: [[2017–18 Primeira Liga|2017–18]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://talksport.com/football/porto-break-benfica-dominance-portugal-win-first-league-title-2013-and-have-massive-party|title=Porto break Benfica dominance in Portugal to win first league title since 2013 and have a massive party|last=talkSPORT|date=7 May 2018|work=talkSPORT|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511082149/https://talksport.com/football/porto-break-benfica-dominance-portugal-win-first-league-title-2013-and-have-massive-party|url-status=live}}</ref> [[2019–20 Primeira Liga|2019–20]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 July 2020|title=Juventus held by Sassuolo in thriller, Porto win Primeira Liga title|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jul/16/european-roundup-juventus-sassuolo-milan-parma-porto-sporting|access-date=1 August 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415042045/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/jul/16/european-roundup-juventus-sassuolo-milan-parma-porto-sporting|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[Taça de Portugal]]: [[2019–20 Taça de Portugal|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Porto defeat Benfica to win 17th Portuguese Cup|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/porto-defeat-benfica-win-17th-portuguese-cup-221103259--sow.html|date=1 August 2020|access-date=1 August 2020|website=Yahoo Sports|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808070159/https://sports.yahoo.com/porto-defeat-benfica-win-17th-portuguese-cup-221103259--sow.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira]]: [[2018 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira|2018]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/fc-porto-conquista-supertaca-pela-21-vez_d1091335|title=FC Porto conquista Supertaça pela 21.ª vez|trans-title=FC Porto conquer Supercup for the 21st time|publisher=[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal]]|language=pt|date=4 August 2018|access-date=7 August 2018|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806181251/https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/fc-porto-conquista-supertaca-pela-21-vez_d1091335|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Cameroon''' *[[Africa Cup of Nations]]: [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations|2017]]<ref name=":0" /> '''Kai da kai''' *Africa Cup of Nations Golden Boot: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Awards|2021]]<ref name=top>{{cite news|url=https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|title=Mane, Cissé, Mendy, Aboubakar take TotalEnergies AFCON individual awards|publisher=Confederation of African Football|date=8 February 2022|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208020433/https://www.cafonline.com/press-release/news/mane-cisse-mendy-aboubakar-take-totalenergies-afcon-individual-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> *Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: [[2021 Africa Cup of Nations#Best XI|2021]]<ref>{{cite tweet |user=CAF_Online |number=1490747184668717062 |date=7 February 2022 |access-date=7 February 2022|title=Not your average players Here is the #TotalEnergiesAFCON2021 best XI #AFCON2021}}</ref> *[[France Football]] Africa Team of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football/862867 | title=Benatia, Ghoulam, Seri, Salah... Voici l'équipe type d'Afrique 2017 de France Football | access-date=5 January 2023 | archive-date=2 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102211837/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Benatia-ghoulam-seri-salah-voici-l-equipe-type-d-afrique-2017-de-france-football/862867 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == btilr3gzjj8j6thapw2n7dz39ds63mp 0 6940 890283 284810 2026-08-01T20:21:36Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Gaborone_Airport.jpg|Gaborone_Airport.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Gaborone Airport.jpg|]]. 890283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gaborone daga jirgin sama.]] [[File:Gaborone bus rank.png|thumb|gabonare]] '''Gaborone''' (lafazi: /gaborone/) birni ne, da ke a yankin Gaborone, a ƙasar [[Botswana]]. Shi ne babban birnin ƙasar Botswana. Gaborone tana da yawan jama'a 421,907, bisa ga jimillar 2011. An gina birnin Gaborone a shekara ta 1964. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:BotswanaParliament.jpg|Majalisar Dokokin Botswana a Gaborone File:MainMall.jpg|MainMall </gallery> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gaborone}} [[Category:Biranen Botswana]] odyj5e5dyx374vpv7l7gp4o2m036b7c 0 9552 890268 843134 2026-08-01T20:01:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Wetherby Magistrate Court (25th January 2020) 001.jpg|thumb|garin ukum]] '''Ukum''' daya ce daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|kananan hukumomin]] [[jihar Benue]] dake a shiyar tsakiyar [[Nijeriya]]. == Yanayi == Yanayin Ukum ya kasu zuwa yanayi biyu, wato lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Lokacin damina yakan fara daga watan Maris har zuwa Oktoba, yayin da lokacin rani yakan fara daga ƙarshen watan Oktoba zuwa tsakiyar watan Maris. Ukum tana a matsayi na Latitude 7°38'38" Arewa da Longitude 9°33'49" Gabas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather in Ukum - accurate and detailed weather forecast in Ukum for today, tomorrow and week. Ukum, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://meteotrend.com/forecast/district/ng/benue-state/ukum/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=meteotrend.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Benue]] l7z5n58rl1qtbqf85av1paukcnyoyne 0 9943 890350 264077 2026-08-01T23:22:41Z Baffa ali 47435 890350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ovia ta Arewa maso Gabas''' Nadaga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomin]] [[Jihar Edo]] dake kudu masu kudancin [[Nijeriya]]. Babban jami'a a Ovia North-East ita ce [[Jami'ar Igbinedion|mutanen Igbinedion]], Okada. <ref>"Ovia North-East Local Government Area Archives". ''Premium Times Nigeria''. Retrieved 2023-01-27.</ref> Akwai makarantun sakandare guda 174 a Ovia North-East. Okada birni ne, da ke cikin Ovia North-East. Ovia North-East tana da [[Unguwannin zabe|gundumomin zabe]] 13 . Agho-Ozomu al'umma ce a gundumar Oghede kuma yanki na 17 a cikin rumbun adana bayanai na INEC 2021. == Cibiyoyin ilimi a Ovia North-east == [[Jami'ar Benin]], <ref>"Ovia North-East Local Government Area". ''www.finelib.com''. Retrieved 2023-01-24</ref> [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|Birnin Benin]] : Jami'ar Benin jami'a ce ta tarayya da ke karamar hukumar Ovia ta Arewa maso Gabas a Jihar Edo, [[Najeriya]] . == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Edo]] 7xj7hs7j9nq1d5zxicjdldcnxa2cip7 890351 890350 2026-08-01T23:25:02Z Baffa ali 47435 890351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ovia ta Arewa maso Gabas''' Nadaga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomin]] [[Jihar Edo]] dake kudu masu kudancin [[Nijeriya]]. Babban jami'a a Ovia North-East ita ce [[Jami'ar Igbinedion|mutanen Igbinedion]], Okada. <ref>"Ovia North-East Local Government Area Archives". ''Premium Times Nigeria''. Retrieved 2023-01-27.</ref> Akwai makarantun sakandare guda 174 a Ovia North-East. Okada birni ne, da ke cikin Ovia North-East. Ovia North-East tana da shuwagabannin zabe 13 . Agho-Ozomu al'umma ce a gundumar Oghede kuma yanki na 17 a cikin rumbun adana bayanai na INEC 2021. == Cibiyoyin ilimi a Ovia North-east == [[Jami'ar Benin]], <ref>"Ovia North-East Local Government Area". ''www.finelib.com''. Retrieved 2023-01-24</ref> [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|Birnin Benin]] : Jami'ar Benin jami'a ce ta tarayya da ke karamar hukumar Ovia ta Arewa maso Gabas a Jihar Edo, [[Najeriya]] . == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Edo]] f8o4tp68x4bl6185d0vu4mdvlbymk48 0 10167 890159 889897 2026-08-01T14:33:10Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 890159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 27.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 16.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 12.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 13.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 24.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 04.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (c Kumar, Infosys) 22.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester external view.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 04.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 10.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester Stadium Wikivoyage banner.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arsenal vs Manchester City (2013).jpg|thumb]] '''Manchester City Football Club''' akan takaita sunan zuwa '''Man City''', ya kasance ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wato taka leda dake zaune a garin [[Manchester]], England, UK, suna fafatawa a gasar [[Premier League]], babban gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar England. Manchester City ta fara amfani da kayan sawan ta na gida mai launin girgije tun acikin shekarar ta 1894, kuma shi ne kakar ƙungiyar na farko da ta fara amfani da sunan ta na yanzu. Kulob ɗin ta lashe kofin league guda goma (wanda huɗu daga ciki a jere ta lashe su acikin shekara ta 2020-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024 wanda hakan yasa ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta yi irin haka a tarihi) da lashe Kofin FA bakwai, da EFL takwas, FA Community Shield shida, Gasar UEFA Champions league ɗaya, da kuma European Cup Winners'Cup guda ɗaya. ==Tarihi== An kafa ƙungiyar acikin shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da tamanin (1880), ta shiga cikin gasar English Football League acikin shekara ta 1899,ta lashe babbar gasar na farko da Kofin FA|Kofin [[FIFA|fiFA]] a cikin shekara ta 1904 FA Cup Final shekara ta 1904. Sun samu nasarori a karshen shekara ta 1960s, inda suka lashe kofin League, fiFA Cup da League Cup a karkashin horarwar Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison. Bayan rashin nasarar ta shekarar 1981 FA Cup Final, kulob ɗin ta faɗa cikin rashin tagomashi,da samun Promotion and relegation|relegation har zuwa rukuni na uku a English football league system|English football. [[File:City of Manchester Stadium 2.jpg|thumb|Babban filin wasa na Manchester City ]] [[File:Josep Guardiola 2023-10-04 Fußball, Männer, UEFA Champions League, RB Leipzig - Manchester City FC 1DX 2797 (cropped).jpg|thumb|kocin Manchester City. Pep Guardiola.]] [[File:David Silva shaved Man City 2017 (36471171422) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Captain din Manchester city. David Silva]] Bayan dawowar su cikin gasar Premier League a shekara ta 2000s, An saida kulob din Manchester City acikin shekara ta 2008, wanda Abu Dhabi United Group suka saya a £210&nbsp;million, da samun sa jari da dama. Kulob ta samu nasarar lashe gasa da dama a tsakanin shekarun 2010s, kuma suka zama Kulob ta farko da ta samu kaiwa maki Premier League records and statistics#Points|100 points a kakar gasar [[premier league]]. Kudin shigar kulub din Manchester City shine na biyar a Deloitte Football Money League|fifth highest a duniya a tsakanin shekara ta 2017–har zuwa zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 na kakar gasa, wanda yakai €527.7&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html|title=Deloitte Football Money League 2018|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=23 January 2018|publisher=Deloitte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8/#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |title=UK Business Insider |access-date=2019-01-26 |archive-date=2018-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118041429/http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> acikin shekara ta 2018, kulub din ita ce na Biyar a Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|fifth most valuable a duniya da kudin da suka kai $2.47&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2018/06/12/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2018/#3dddb7c845c8|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2018|last=Ozanian|first=Mike|work=Forbes}}</ref>. [[File:2011 FA Cup Final Victory Parade (4).jpg|thumb|kungiyar Manchester City kenan a lokacin murnar lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 2011]] Kulub din nada babban hamayya sosai tsakanin ta da takwarar ta [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a wasa tsakanin su da ake kira da Manchester Derby. ===Shekarun farko da nasarorin farko=== City ta sami karramawar farko ta hanyar cin nasara a rukuni na biyu acikin shekara ta 1899, tare da samun ci gaba zuwa matsayi mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingilishi, Rukunin Farko. Sun ci gaba da neman babbar karramawarsu ta farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1904, inda suka doke Bolton Wanderers 1–0 a Crystal Palace don lashe kofin FA; 'Yan wasan Blues sun yi rashin nasara a gasar League da Cup sau biyu a waccan kakar bayan sun kammala gasar zakarun Turai, amma duk da haka sun zama kulob na farko a Manchester da suka samu babbar daraja.Acikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan nasarar cin kofin FA, kulob din ya fuskanci zarge zarge na rashin bin ƙa'ida, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da 'yan wasa goma sha bakwai acikin shekara ta 1906, ciki har da kyaftin Billy Meredith, wanda daga baya ya wuce garin zuwa Manchester United. Wuta a hanyar Hyde ta lalata babbar tashar acikin shekara ta 1920, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1923 ƙungiyar ta koma sabon filin wasansu da aka gina a Maine Road a cikin Moss Side. A cikin shekarar 1930, Manchester City ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin FA sau biyu a jere, inda ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Everton acikin shekara ta 1933, kafin ta ci kofin da ta doke Portsmouth acikin shekara ta 1934. A lokacin gudu na cikin shekara ta 1934, kulob din ya karya tarihin zuwa gida mafi girma na kowane kulob a kwallon kafa ta Ingila. tarihi, yayin da magoya bayan 84,569 suka cika titin Maine a gasar cin kofin FA zagaye na shida da Stoke City - tarihin da ya tsaya har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko a karon farko a cikin shekara ta 1937, amma an sake fitar da ita a kakar wasa ta gaba, duk da zura kwallaye a raga. fiye da kowace kungiya a rukunin. Shekaru 20 bayan haka, wata ƙungiyar Birni ta yi wahayi zuwa ga tsarin dabara da aka sani da Revie Plan ta sake kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin FA a jere, acikin shekara shekara ta 1955 da kuma cikin shekara ta 1956; kamar yadda a cikin shekara ta 1930s, suka yi rashin nasara na farko, a Newcastle United, kuma suka ci na biyu. Wasan karshe da tayi acikin shekara ta 1956, wanda Blues ta doke [[Birmingham]] City daci 3–1, ya ga golan City Bert Trautmann ya ci gaba da taka leda bayan karya wuyansa da rashin sani. ===Zamanin tauraro na farko da kalubalen da suka biyo baya=== Bayan an koma mataki na biyu a cikin 1963, nan gaba ta yi kamar ba ta da kyau tare da ƙarancin halartan gida na 8,015 da Swindon Town a cikin watan Janairun shekara shekara ta 1965. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 1965, an nada ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison . Acikin kakar wasa ta farko a karkashin Mercer, Manchester City ta lashe kambun Division na Biyu kuma ta sanya hannu mai mahimmanci a Mike Summerbee da Colin Bell. Bayan shekaru biyu, a cikin shekara ta 1967–zuwa cikin shekara ta 1968, City ta yi nasarar lashe kofin gasar a karo na biyu, inda ta doke makwabciyarta Manchester United a gasar a ranar karshe ta kakar wasan da ci 4-3 a Newcastle United. Karin kofuna sun biyo baya: City ta lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969 kuma bayan shekara guda ta yi nasara a gasar cin kofin Turai, inda ta doke Górnik Zabrze daci 2–1 acikin shekara ta 1970 na wasan karshe. Wannan ita ce karramawar da kulob din ya samu a Turai har zuwa nasarar da suka samu a gasar zakarun Turai ta cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023. Har ila yau, Blues ta lashe gasar cin kofin League a waccan shekarar, inda ta zama tawagar Ingila ta biyu da ta lashe kofin Turai da kofin gida a kakar wasa guda. Kulob din ya ci gaba da kalubalantar daukaka a cikin shekarun 1970s, inda ya kammala maki daya a bayan zakarun gasar a lokuta biyu kuma ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin League na cikin shekara ta 1974. Daya daga cikin wasannin na wannan lokacin da magoya bayan Manchester City ke tunawa da su shi ne wasan karshe na kakar shekara ta 1973-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1974 da abokan hamayyarta na Manchester United, wadanda ke bukatar yin nasara don samun wani begen gujewa faduwa. Tsohon dan wasan United Denis Law ya zura kwallo da diddige don bai wa City nasara da ci 1-0 a Old Trafford da kuma tabbatar da faduwa daga abokan hamayyarsu. Kofin karshe na lokacin da ya fi samun nasara a kungiyar a karni na 20 an ci shi ne acikin shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka doke Newcastle United da ci 2-1 a wasan karshe na cin kofin League. Wani dogon lokaci na biyo bayan nasarar shekarun 1960 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1970. Malcolm Allison ya koma kulob din ya zama koci karo na biyu acikin shekarar 1979, amma ya yi almubazzaranci da makudan kudade kan sa hannu da dama da ba su yi nasara ba, irin su Steve Daley. Bayan haka, wasu manajoji sun biyo baya - bakwai a cikin 1980s kadai. Karkashin John Bond, City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA na 1981 amma ta sha kashi a karawar da Tottenham Hotspur ta yi. Sau biyu kulob din ya yi fice daga matakin farko a cikin shekarun 1980 (a cikin shekara ta 1983 dakuma cikin shekara ta 1987), amma kuma ya koma mataki na farko acikin shekara ta 1989 kuma ya kare a matsayi na biyar acikin shekara ta 1991 da 1992 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Peter Reid. Koyaya, wannan ɗan hutu ne kawai, kuma bayan tafiyar Reid dukiyar Manchester City ta ci gaba da dusashewa. City ta kasance masu kafa ƙungiyar Premier League bayan ƙirƙirar ta a cikin shekara ta 1992, amma bayan da ta kare a matsayi na tara a kakar wasan farko, sun yi fama da gwagwarmaya na shekaru uku kafin a sake su acikin shekara ta 1996. mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihin su, zama na biyu da suka lashe kofin Turai da aka sake komawa gasar rukuni-rukuni na ƙasarsu bayan 1. FC Magdeburg ta [[Jamus]]. ===Farfadowa ta biyu=== Bayan da aka tashi daga gasar, kulob din ya fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula a waje, tare da sabon shugaban David Bernstein ya gabatar da ingantaccen tsarin kasafin kudi. Karkashin kociyan Joe Royle, City ta sami daukaka a yunkurin farko, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ban mamaki a wasan karshe na rukuni na biyu da Gillingham. Matsayin ci gaba na biyu a jere ya ga City ta koma mataki na gaba, amma wannan ya zama mataki mai nisa ga ƙungiyar da ke murmurewa, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001 An sake komawa City sau ɗaya. Kevin Keegan ya maye gurbin Royle a matsayin koci a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta ƙarshe, kuma ya samu koma baya nan da nan zuwa babban rukuni yayin da ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko ta 2001-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2002, ta karya tarihin ƙungiyar na yawan maki da aka zura a raga a kakar wasa ɗaya a gasar. tsari.Acikin Kakar wasw ta cikin shekar ta 2002–zuwa cikin 03 ita ce ta ƙarshe a Maine Road kuma ta haɗa da 3-1 derby nasara akan abokan hammayarsu Manchester United, wanda ya kawo karshen shekara 13 da aka yi ba tare da nasara ba. Bugu da ƙari, City ta cancanci shiga gasar Turai a karon farko cikin shekaru 25 ta hanyar UEFA fair play ranking. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2003–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2004, kulob din ya koma sabon City na filin wasa na Manchester. Shekaru hudu na farko a filin wasa duk sun haifar da kammala tsakiyar tebur. Tsohon manajan Ingila Sven-Göran Eriksson ya zama kociyan kungiyar na kasashen waje na farko lokacin da aka nada shi a shekarar 2007. Bayan fara wasa mai kyau, wasan kwaikwayo ya dusashe a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa, kuma an kori Eriksson a ranar 2 ga Yunin shekara ta 2008; Mark Hughes ya maye gurbinsa bayan kwana biyu. Acikin shekara ta 2008, Manchester City ta kasance cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin kuɗi. Thaksin Shinawatra ya karbi ragamar kulab din a shekarar da ta gabata, amma fafutukar siyasarsa ta ga kadarorinsa sun daskare. Sannan, a cikin Agustan shekara ta 2008, Ƙungiyar Abu Dhabi United ta sayi Birni. Taken ya biyo bayan yunƙurin neman manyan ‘yan wasa; Kulob din ya karya tarihin sayan 'yan wasa na Biritaniya ta hanyar siyan Robinho dan kasar [[Brazil]] daga Real Madrid kan fan miliyan 32.5. Ba a samu wani gagarumin ci gaba ba idan aka kwatanta da kakar da ta gabata duk da kwararar kudi duk da haka, kungiyar ta kare a mataki na goma, duk da cewa ta yi rawar gani ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da karshe a gasar cin kofin UEFA. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 2009, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki kashe kuɗin canja wuri zuwa matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba, tare da kashe sama da fam miliyan 100 akan 'yan wasa Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel Adebayor, Carlos Tevez, da Joleon Lescott. A cikin watan Disamban shekara ta 2009, Mark Hughes - wanda aka ɗauke shi aiki jim kaɗan kafin canjin ikon mallakar amma tun asali sabuwar hukumar ta riƙe shi - Roberto Mancini ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin manaja. City ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na biyar a gasar Premier, da kyar ta rasa gurbin shiga gasar zakarun Turai amma ta cancanci shiga gasar UEFA Europa League. ===Zaman tauraro na biyu da zuwan Pep Guardiola=== Ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin 'yan wasa ya biyo baya a lokuta masu zuwa, kuma sakamakon ya fara daidai da haɓakar ingancin ɗan wasa. City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA acikin shekarar 2011, babban wasan karshe na farko cikin sama da shekaru 30, bayan da ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United a wasan kusa da na karshe, karo na farko da ta fitar da abokiyar karawarta daga gasar cin kofin tun cikin shekara 1975. Blues ta doke Stoke. City 1–0 a wasan karshe, inda ta samu nasarar cin kofin FA karo na biyar da kuma babban kofi na farko da kungiyar ta lashe tun bayan lashe kofin League na 1976. A ranar karshe ta kakar ta shekara ta 2010-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2011, City ta doke [[Arsenal F.C.]] a matsayi na uku, ta yadda ta samu cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai kai tsaye a group stage. An ci gaba da yin wasanni masu ƙarfi da kuma cimma nasarori a kakar wasan shekara ta 2011–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2012, gami da nasarar da suka yi da Tottenham da ci 5–1 a White Hart Lane da kuma nasarar da ta yi daidai da 6–1 a kan Manchester United a Old Trafford, amma rashin kyawun tsari a rabin na biyu kakar wasan dai ya bar City a matsayi na biyu da maki takwas tsakaninta da United saura wasanni shida kacal a buga. A wannan lokacin, United ta yi rashin nasara a kan ta, inda ta yi kasa da maki takwas a cikin wasanni hudu, yayin da City ta fara samun nasara a jere, wanda ya sa kungiyoyin biyu suka tashi da maki daya saura wasanni biyu. Duk da Buluwa kawai suna bukatar nasara a gida da Queens Park Rangers, kungiya a yankin relegation, sun fadi a baya da ci 1-2 a karshen lokacin al'ada. Duk da haka, kwallaye biyu da aka zura a lokacin rauni – na biyu da Sergio Agüero ya zura a cikin minti na hudu da aka kara - ya daidaita kambin da City ta samu, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama kungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Premier da maki kadai. A kakar wasa ta gaba, City ta kasa yin kwafin nasarar da ta samu a shekarar da ta gabata. Bayan kammala gasar ta biyu a gasar, maki goma sha daya a bayan Manchester United, da rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin FA 0–1 a hannun Wigan Athletic da ta koma mataki na daya, an kori Mancini. Manajan Chilean Manuel Pellegrini ne ya maye gurbinsa. Acikin shekarar farko ta Pellegrini, City ta lashe kofin League kuma ta sake samun kofin Premier a ranar wasan karshe na kakar wasa. Tsarin gasar kungiyar sannan sannu a hankali ya ragu cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, yayin da Blues din ta kare a matsayi na biyu acikin shekara ta 2014–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015 sannan ta koma ta hudu a cikin shekara ta 2015–har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016, kodayake kakar shekara ta 2015–dakuma 2016 za ta ga City ta lashe wani kofin gasar Gasar Zakarun Turai na kusa da na karshe a karon farko. Pep Guardiola, tsohon kocin Barcelona da Bayern Munich, an tabbatar da zama sabon kocin Manchester City a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 2016, tare da sanar da sanarwar watanni da yawa kafin Manuel Pellegrini ya bar mukaminsa. Kakar farko ta Guardiola a Manchester za ta kawo karshen gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, inda Blues ke matsayi na uku a kan teburin gasar, amma kakar wasan da ta biyo baya ta samu nasara sosai, yayin da City ta lashe kofin Premier da maki mafi girma a tarihi tare da karya wasu kungiyoyi da na Ingila da dama. rubuce-rubuce a kan hanya. Wannan zai zama farkon nasarar da Manchester City ta samu a karkashin Guardiola. Tsakanin wasannin shekara ta 2017-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 na gasar Premier, City ta lashe kofunan lig biyar cikin shida, inda ta zo ta biyu a bayan Liverpool a kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin ta 2020. Guardiola ya kuma jagoranci Blues zuwa gasar cin kofin gida, wanda aka haskaka ta nasarar cin Kofin League guda hudu a jere a 2018-2021. A lokacin kakar 2018-2019, City ta kammala babban gasar cikin gida da ba a taɓa gani ba na taken maza na Ingilishi. Baya ga lashe dukkanin manyan gasa uku na gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, sun kuma lashe Garkuwar Jama'a, wanda shi ne karon farko da kowace kungiya ta taba rike dukkan kofunan kwallon kafa hudu na Ingila a lokaci guda. A matakin nahiyar, kulob din ya samu ci gaba a cikin 2020-21, inda ya kai wasan karshe na Gasar Zakarun Turai na farko. A cikin duk wani al'amari na Turanci, City ta yi rashin nasara 0-1 a Chelsea a Estádio do Dragão a [[Porto]].<ref>http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/the-resources-and-power-of-sheikh-mansoor-makes-this-deal-a-seismic-moment-for-the-aleague/story-fni2wcjl-1226808309758</ref> Kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2022-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 ta zama mafi girma a tarihin ƙungiyar, yayin da Manchester City ta lashe kofin Premier karo na uku a jere, da gasar cin kofin FA da abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United, da kuma kofin gasar zakarun Turai na farko a filin wasa na Olympics na Atatürk da ke Istanbul Inter [[Milano|Milan]], ta haka ne ke haɗa wani abu mai wuyar gaske - wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na nahiyar. Hanyar cin kofin zakarun Turai ya hada da nasarar da Bayern Munich ta yi a Turai, wadda ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, da kuma Real Madrid, wadda ta sha kashi a hannun City da ci 1-5.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070205055003/http://www.plusmarketsgroup.com/details.shtml?ISIN=GB0005599336</ref> Zamanin Manchester City na ci gaba da fafatawa a gasa ya zo daidai da tuhume-tuhume da kuma a lokuta da dama da aka samu na keta dokokin Financial Fair Play (FFP) da dokokin Premier League. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Manchester City ta kasance batun yarjejeniyar sasantawa da UEFA wanda, a cikin matakai da yawa, an sanya iyaka kan adadin 'yan wasan da za su iya yin rajista a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan wasan na UEFA da kuma adadin da za a iya kashewa. a kan canja wuri da kuɗin fa'idar ma'aikata, an kuma bayar da tarar.<ref>https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/10-things-you-need-know-about-manchester-clubs-humble-beginnings</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2017, Premier League ta ci tarar Manchester City tare da dakatar da siyan wasu 'yan wasa na makarantar shekaru biyu bayan da aka same su da karya dokokin ci gaban matasa. Acikin shekarar 2020, Kotun sauraron kararrakin wasanni (CAS) ta yanke hukuncin cewa wasu takunkumin da UEFA ta sanyawa kulob din bai dace ba, wanda hakan ya yi watsi da dakatarwar da City ta yi na tsawon shekaru biyu a Turai, amma duk da haka ta gano cewa kulob din ya keta ka'idojin UEFA ta hanyar rashin bayar da hadin kai da kuma kawo cikas ga kungiyar. bincike, kuma saboda wannan "tsanani mai tsanani" ya ci tarar kulob din. A cikin shekara ta 2023, Premier League ta ba da sanarwar nata binciken zargin da ake yi wa Manchester City, inda take tuhumar kungiyar da keta dokokin FFP har 115 har zuwa kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2017-har18. ===Tarihin gasar=== *1892–1899 Division 2 (L2) *1899–1902 Division 1 (L1) *1902–1903 Division 2 (L2) *1903–1909 Division 1 (L1) *1909–1910 Division 2 (L2) *1910–1926 Division 1 (L1) *1926–1928 Division 2 (L2) *1928–1938 Division 1 (L1) *1938–1947 Division 2 (L2) *1947–1950 Division 1 (L1) *1950–1951 Division 2 (L2) *1951–1963 Division 1 (L1) *1963–1966 Division 2 (L2) *1966–1983 Division 1 (L1) *1983–1985 Division 2 (L2) *1985–1987 Division 1 (L1) *1987–1989 Division 2 (L2) *1989–1992 Division 1 (L1) *1992–1996 Premier League (L1) *1996–1998 Division 1 (L2) *1998–1999 Division 2 (L3) *1999–2000 Division 1 (2) *2000–2001 Premier League (L1) *2001–2002 Division 1 (L2) *2002– Premier League (L1) ==Launuka da kuma Alamun Kulob== Launukan gidan Manchester City shuɗi ne da fari. Launukan kit na gargajiya sun kasance ko dai maroon ko (daga shekarun 1960) ja da baki; duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi amfani da launuka da dama. Ba a san asalin launukan gidan kulob din ba, amma akwai alamun cewa kulob din ya sanya shudi tun cikin shekara ta 1892 ko kuma baya. Wani ɗan littafi mai suna Shahararrun Kungiyoyin Kwallon Kafa - Manchester City wanda aka buga a shekarun 1940 ya nuna cewa West Gorton (St. Marks) tun asali tana wasa da ja da baki, kuma rahotanni daga 1884 sun bayyana ƙungiyar sanye da baƙaƙen riga mai ɗauke da farar giciye, wanda ke nuna asalin ƙungiyar kamar haka. gefen coci. Yin amfani da launin ja da baƙar fata ba safai ba har yanzu ya fito ne daga imanin tsohon mataimakin manajan Malcolm Allison cewa ɗaukar launukan AC Milan zai ƙarfafa City ga ɗaukaka. Alamar Allison da alama yana aiki, tare da City ta lashe gasar cin kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969, da 1970 kofin cin Kofin Jikiriku a 1970 yayin da ake adawa da Kungiyar Sky Blue. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:City, Manchester}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi kwallon kafa]] m1zzrlwa07e5n28vsrcbzm00tuua97x 890165 890159 2026-08-01T14:35:34Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 890165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 27.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 16.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 12.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 13.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 24.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 04.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (c Kumar, Infosys) 22.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester external view.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 04.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 10.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester Stadium Wikivoyage banner.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arsenal vs Manchester City (2013).jpg|thumb]] '''Manchester City Football Club''' akan takaita sunan zuwa '''Man City''', ya kasance ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wato taka leda dake zaune a garin [[Manchester]], England, UK, suna fafatawa a gasar [[Premier League]], babban gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar England. Manchester City ta fara amfani da kayan sawan ta na gida mai launin girgije tun acikin shekarar ta 1894, kuma shi ne kakar ƙungiyar na farko da ta fara amfani da sunan ta na yanzu. Kulob ɗin ta lashe kofin league guda goma (wanda huɗu daga ciki a jere ta lashe su acikin shekara ta 2020-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024 wanda hakan yasa ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta yi irin haka a tarihi) da lashe Kofin FA bakwai, da EFL takwas, FA Community Shield shida, Gasar UEFA Champions league ɗaya, da kuma European Cup Winners'Cup guda ɗaya. ==Tarihi== An kafa ƙungiyar acikin shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da tamanin (1880), ta shiga cikin gasar English Football League acikin shekara ta 1899,ta lashe babbar gasar na farko da Kofin FA|Kofin [[FIFA|fiFA]] a cikin shekara ta 1904 FA Cup Final shekara ta 1904. Sun samu nasarori a karshen shekara ta 1960s, inda suka lashe kofin League, fiFA Cup da League Cup a karkashin horarwar Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison. Bayan rashin nasarar ta shekarar 1981 FA Cup Final, kulob ɗin ta faɗa cikin rashin tagomashi,da samun Promotion and relegation|relegation har zuwa rukuni na uku a English football league system|English football. [[File:City of Manchester Stadium 2.jpg|thumb|Babban filin wasa na Manchester City ]] [[File:Josep Guardiola 2023-10-04 Fußball, Männer, UEFA Champions League, RB Leipzig - Manchester City FC 1DX 2797 (cropped).jpg|thumb|kocin Manchester City. Pep Guardiola.]] [[File:David Silva shaved Man City 2017 (36471171422) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Captain din Manchester city. David Silva]] Bayan dawowar su cikin gasar Premier League a shekara ta 2000s, An saida kulob din Manchester City acikin shekara ta 2008, wanda Abu Dhabi United Group suka saya a £210&nbsp;million, da samun sa jari da dama. Kulob ta samu nasarar lashe gasa da dama a tsakanin shekarun 2010s, kuma suka zama Kulob ta farko da ta samu kaiwa maki Premier League records and statistics#Points|100 points a kakar gasar [[premier league]]. Kudin shigar kulub din Manchester City shine na biyar a Deloitte Football Money League|fifth highest a duniya a tsakanin shekara ta 2017–har zuwa zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 na kakar gasa, wanda yakai €527.7&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html|title=Deloitte Football Money League 2018|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=23 January 2018|publisher=Deloitte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8/#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |title=UK Business Insider |access-date=2019-01-26 |archive-date=2018-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118041429/http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> acikin shekara ta 2018, kulub din ita ce na Biyar a Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|fifth most valuable a duniya da kudin da suka kai $2.47&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2018/06/12/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2018/#3dddb7c845c8|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2018|last=Ozanian|first=Mike|work=Forbes}}</ref>. [[File:2011 FA Cup Final Victory Parade (4).jpg|thumb|kungiyar Manchester City kenan a lokacin murnar lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 2011]] Kulub din nada babban hamayya sosai tsakanin ta da takwarar ta [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a wasa tsakanin su da ake kira da Manchester Derby. ===Shekarun farko da nasarorin farko=== City ta sami karramawar farko ta hanyar cin nasara a rukuni na biyu acikin shekara ta 1899, tare da samun ci gaba zuwa matsayi mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingilishi, Rukunin Farko. Sun ci gaba da neman babbar karramawarsu ta farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1904, inda suka doke Bolton Wanderers 1–0 a Crystal Palace don lashe kofin FA; 'Yan wasan Blues sun yi rashin nasara a gasar League da Cup sau biyu a waccan kakar bayan sun kammala gasar zakarun Turai, amma duk da haka sun zama kulob na farko a Manchester da suka samu babbar daraja.Acikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan nasarar cin kofin FA, kulob din ya fuskanci zarge zarge na rashin bin ƙa'ida, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da 'yan wasa goma sha bakwai acikin shekara ta 1906, ciki har da kyaftin Billy Meredith, wanda daga baya ya wuce garin zuwa Manchester United. Wuta a hanyar Hyde ta lalata babbar tashar acikin shekara ta 1920, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1923 ƙungiyar ta koma sabon filin wasansu da aka gina a Maine Road a cikin Moss Side. A cikin shekarar 1930, Manchester City ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin FA sau biyu a jere, inda ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Everton acikin shekara ta 1933, kafin ta ci kofin da ta doke Portsmouth acikin shekara ta 1934. A lokacin gudu na cikin shekara ta 1934, kulob din ya karya tarihin zuwa gida mafi girma na kowane kulob a kwallon kafa ta Ingila. tarihi, yayin da magoya bayan 84,569 suka cika titin Maine a gasar cin kofin FA zagaye na shida da Stoke City - tarihin da ya tsaya har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko a karon farko a cikin shekara ta 1937, amma an sake fitar da ita a kakar wasa ta gaba, duk da zura kwallaye a raga. fiye da kowace kungiya a rukunin. Shekaru 20 bayan haka, wata ƙungiyar Birni ta yi wahayi zuwa ga tsarin dabara da aka sani da Revie Plan ta sake kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin FA a jere, acikin shekara shekara ta 1955 da kuma cikin shekara ta 1956; kamar yadda a cikin shekara ta 1930s, suka yi rashin nasara na farko, a Newcastle United, kuma suka ci na biyu. Wasan karshe da tayi acikin shekara ta 1956, wanda Blues ta doke [[Birmingham]] City daci 3–1, ya ga golan City Bert Trautmann ya ci gaba da taka leda bayan karya wuyansa da rashin sani. ===Zamanin tauraro na farko da kalubalen da suka biyo baya=== Bayan an koma mataki na biyu a cikin 1963, nan gaba ta yi kamar ba ta da kyau tare da ƙarancin halartan gida na 8,015 da Swindon Town a cikin watan Janairun shekara shekara ta 1965. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 1965, an nada ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison . Acikin kakar wasa ta farko a karkashin Mercer, Manchester City ta lashe kambun Division na Biyu kuma ta sanya hannu mai mahimmanci a Mike Summerbee da Colin Bell. Bayan shekaru biyu, a cikin shekara ta 1967–zuwa cikin shekara ta 1968, City ta yi nasarar lashe kofin gasar a karo na biyu, inda ta doke makwabciyarta Manchester United a gasar a ranar karshe ta kakar wasan da ci 4-3 a Newcastle United. Karin kofuna sun biyo baya: City ta lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969 kuma bayan shekara guda ta yi nasara a gasar cin kofin Turai, inda ta doke Górnik Zabrze daci 2–1 acikin shekara ta 1970 na wasan karshe. Wannan ita ce karramawar da kulob din ya samu a Turai har zuwa nasarar da suka samu a gasar zakarun Turai ta cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023. Har ila yau, Blues ta lashe gasar cin kofin League a waccan shekarar, inda ta zama tawagar Ingila ta biyu da ta lashe kofin Turai da kofin gida a kakar wasa guda. Kulob din ya ci gaba da kalubalantar daukaka a cikin shekarun 1970s, inda ya kammala maki daya a bayan zakarun gasar a lokuta biyu kuma ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin League na cikin shekara ta 1974. Daya daga cikin wasannin na wannan lokacin da magoya bayan Manchester City ke tunawa da su shi ne wasan karshe na kakar shekara ta 1973-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1974 da abokan hamayyarta na Manchester United, wadanda ke bukatar yin nasara don samun wani begen gujewa faduwa. Tsohon dan wasan United Denis Law ya zura kwallo da diddige don bai wa City nasara da ci 1-0 a Old Trafford da kuma tabbatar da faduwa daga abokan hamayyarsu. Kofin karshe na lokacin da ya fi samun nasara a kungiyar a karni na 20 an ci shi ne acikin shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka doke Newcastle United da ci 2-1 a wasan karshe na cin kofin League. Wani dogon lokaci na biyo bayan nasarar shekarun 1960 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1970. Malcolm Allison ya koma kulob din ya zama koci karo na biyu acikin shekarar 1979, amma ya yi almubazzaranci da makudan kudade kan sa hannu da dama da ba su yi nasara ba, irin su Steve Daley. Bayan haka, wasu manajoji sun biyo baya - bakwai a cikin 1980s kadai. Karkashin John Bond, City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA na 1981 amma ta sha kashi a karawar da Tottenham Hotspur ta yi. Sau biyu kulob din ya yi fice daga matakin farko a cikin shekarun 1980 (a cikin shekara ta 1983 dakuma cikin shekara ta 1987), amma kuma ya koma mataki na farko acikin shekara ta 1989 kuma ya kare a matsayi na biyar acikin shekara ta 1991 da 1992 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Peter Reid. Koyaya, wannan ɗan hutu ne kawai, kuma bayan tafiyar Reid dukiyar Manchester City ta ci gaba da dusashewa. City ta kasance masu kafa ƙungiyar Premier League bayan ƙirƙirar ta a cikin shekara ta 1992, amma bayan da ta kare a matsayi na tara a kakar wasan farko, sun yi fama da gwagwarmaya na shekaru uku kafin a sake su acikin shekara ta 1996. mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihin su, zama na biyu da suka lashe kofin Turai da aka sake komawa gasar rukuni-rukuni na ƙasarsu bayan 1. FC Magdeburg ta [[Jamus]]. ===Farfadowa ta biyu=== Bayan da aka tashi daga gasar, kulob din ya fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula a waje, tare da sabon shugaban David Bernstein ya gabatar da ingantaccen tsarin kasafin kudi. Karkashin kociyan Joe Royle, City ta sami daukaka a yunkurin farko, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ban mamaki a wasan karshe na rukuni na biyu da Gillingham. Matsayin ci gaba na biyu a jere ya ga City ta koma mataki na gaba, amma wannan ya zama mataki mai nisa ga ƙungiyar da ke murmurewa, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001 An sake komawa City sau ɗaya. Kevin Keegan ya maye gurbin Royle a matsayin koci a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta ƙarshe, kuma ya samu koma baya nan da nan zuwa babban rukuni yayin da ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko ta 2001-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2002, ta karya tarihin ƙungiyar na yawan maki da aka zura a raga a kakar wasa ɗaya a gasar. tsari.Acikin Kakar wasw ta cikin shekar ta 2002–zuwa cikin 03 ita ce ta ƙarshe a Maine Road kuma ta haɗa da 3-1 derby nasara akan abokan hammayarsu Manchester United, wanda ya kawo karshen shekara 13 da aka yi ba tare da nasara ba. Bugu da ƙari, City ta cancanci shiga gasar Turai a karon farko cikin shekaru 25 ta hanyar UEFA fair play ranking. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2003–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2004, kulob din ya koma sabon City na filin wasa na Manchester. Shekaru hudu na farko a filin wasa duk sun haifar da kammala tsakiyar tebur. Tsohon manajan Ingila Sven-Göran Eriksson ya zama kociyan kungiyar na kasashen waje na farko lokacin da aka nada shi a shekarar 2007. Bayan fara wasa mai kyau, wasan kwaikwayo ya dusashe a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa, kuma an kori Eriksson a ranar 2 ga Yunin shekara ta 2008; Mark Hughes ya maye gurbinsa bayan kwana biyu. Acikin shekara ta 2008, Manchester City ta kasance cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin kuɗi. Thaksin Shinawatra ya karbi ragamar kulab din a shekarar da ta gabata, amma fafutukar siyasarsa ta ga kadarorinsa sun daskare. Sannan, a cikin Agustan shekara ta 2008, Ƙungiyar Abu Dhabi United ta sayi Birni. Taken ya biyo bayan yunƙurin neman manyan ‘yan wasa; Kulob din ya karya tarihin sayan 'yan wasa na Biritaniya ta hanyar siyan Robinho dan kasar [[Brazil]] daga Real Madrid kan fan miliyan 32.5. Ba a samu wani gagarumin ci gaba ba idan aka kwatanta da kakar da ta gabata duk da kwararar kudi duk da haka, kungiyar ta kare a mataki na goma, duk da cewa ta yi rawar gani ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da karshe a gasar cin kofin UEFA. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 2009, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki kashe kuɗin canja wuri zuwa matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba, tare da kashe sama da fam miliyan 100 akan 'yan wasa Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel Adebayor, Carlos Tevez, da Joleon Lescott. A cikin watan Disamban shekara ta 2009, Mark Hughes - wanda aka ɗauke shi aiki jim kaɗan kafin canjin ikon mallakar amma tun asali sabuwar hukumar ta riƙe shi - Roberto Mancini ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin manaja. City ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na biyar a gasar Premier, da kyar ta rasa gurbin shiga gasar zakarun Turai amma ta cancanci shiga gasar UEFA Europa League. ===Zaman tauraro na biyu da zuwan Pep Guardiola=== Ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin 'yan wasa ya biyo baya a lokuta masu zuwa, kuma sakamakon ya fara daidai da haɓakar ingancin ɗan wasa. City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA acikin shekarar 2011, babban wasan karshe na farko cikin sama da shekaru 30, bayan da ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United a wasan kusa da na karshe, karo na farko da ta fitar da abokiyar karawarta daga gasar cin kofin tun cikin shekara 1975. Blues ta doke Stoke. City 1–0 a wasan karshe, inda ta samu nasarar cin kofin FA karo na biyar da kuma babban kofi na farko da kungiyar ta lashe tun bayan lashe kofin League na cikin ta 1976. A ranar karshe ta kakar ta shekara ta 2010-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2011, City ta doke [[Arsenal F.C.]] a matsayi na uku, ta yadda ta samu cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai kai tsaye a group stage. An ci gaba da yin wasanni masu ƙarfi da kuma cimma nasarori a kakar wasan shekara ta 2011–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2012, gami da nasarar da suka yi da Tottenham da ci 5–1 a White Hart Lane da kuma nasarar da ta yi daidai da 6–1 a kan Manchester United a Old Trafford, amma rashin kyawun tsari a rabin na biyu kakar wasan dai ya bar City a matsayi na biyu da maki takwas tsakaninta da United saura wasanni shida kacal a buga. A wannan lokacin, United ta yi rashin nasara a kan ta, inda ta yi kasa da maki takwas a cikin wasanni hudu, yayin da City ta fara samun nasara a jere, wanda ya sa kungiyoyin biyu suka tashi da maki daya saura wasanni biyu. Duk da Buluwa kawai suna bukatar nasara a gida da Queens Park Rangers, kungiya a yankin relegation, sun fadi a baya da ci 1-2 a karshen lokacin al'ada. Duk da haka, kwallaye biyu da aka zura a lokacin rauni – na biyu da Sergio Agüero ya zura a cikin minti na hudu da aka kara - ya daidaita kambin da City ta samu, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama kungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Premier da maki kadai. A kakar wasa ta gaba, City ta kasa yin kwafin nasarar da ta samu a shekarar da ta gabata. Bayan kammala gasar ta biyu a gasar, maki goma sha daya a bayan Manchester United, da rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin FA 0–1 a hannun Wigan Athletic da ta koma mataki na daya, an kori Mancini. Manajan Chilean Manuel Pellegrini ne ya maye gurbinsa. Acikin shekarar farko ta Pellegrini, City ta lashe kofin League kuma ta sake samun kofin Premier a ranar wasan karshe na kakar wasa. Tsarin gasar kungiyar sannan sannu a hankali ya ragu cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, yayin da Blues din ta kare a matsayi na biyu acikin shekara ta 2014–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015 sannan ta koma ta hudu a cikin shekara ta 2015–har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016, kodayake kakar shekara ta 2015–dakuma 2016 za ta ga City ta lashe wani kofin gasar Gasar Zakarun Turai na kusa da na karshe a karon farko. Pep Guardiola, tsohon kocin Barcelona da Bayern Munich, an tabbatar da zama sabon kocin Manchester City a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 2016, tare da sanar da sanarwar watanni da yawa kafin Manuel Pellegrini ya bar mukaminsa. Kakar farko ta Guardiola a Manchester za ta kawo karshen gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, inda Blues ke matsayi na uku a kan teburin gasar, amma kakar wasan da ta biyo baya ta samu nasara sosai, yayin da City ta lashe kofin Premier da maki mafi girma a tarihi tare da karya wasu kungiyoyi da na Ingila da dama. rubuce-rubuce a kan hanya. Wannan zai zama farkon nasarar da Manchester City ta samu a karkashin Guardiola. Tsakanin wasannin shekara ta 2017-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 na gasar Premier, City ta lashe kofunan lig biyar cikin shida, inda ta zo ta biyu a bayan Liverpool a kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin ta 2020. Guardiola ya kuma jagoranci Blues zuwa gasar cin kofin gida, wanda aka haskaka ta nasarar cin Kofin League guda hudu a jere a 2018-2021. A lokacin kakar 2018-2019, City ta kammala babban gasar cikin gida da ba a taɓa gani ba na taken maza na Ingilishi. Baya ga lashe dukkanin manyan gasa uku na gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, sun kuma lashe Garkuwar Jama'a, wanda shi ne karon farko da kowace kungiya ta taba rike dukkan kofunan kwallon kafa hudu na Ingila a lokaci guda. A matakin nahiyar, kulob din ya samu ci gaba a cikin 2020-21, inda ya kai wasan karshe na Gasar Zakarun Turai na farko. A cikin duk wani al'amari na Turanci, City ta yi rashin nasara 0-1 a Chelsea a Estádio do Dragão a [[Porto]].<ref>http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/the-resources-and-power-of-sheikh-mansoor-makes-this-deal-a-seismic-moment-for-the-aleague/story-fni2wcjl-1226808309758</ref> Kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2022-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 ta zama mafi girma a tarihin ƙungiyar, yayin da Manchester City ta lashe kofin Premier karo na uku a jere, da gasar cin kofin FA da abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United, da kuma kofin gasar zakarun Turai na farko a filin wasa na Olympics na Atatürk da ke Istanbul Inter [[Milano|Milan]], ta haka ne ke haɗa wani abu mai wuyar gaske - wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na nahiyar. Hanyar cin kofin zakarun Turai ya hada da nasarar da Bayern Munich ta yi a Turai, wadda ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, da kuma Real Madrid, wadda ta sha kashi a hannun City da ci 1-5.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070205055003/http://www.plusmarketsgroup.com/details.shtml?ISIN=GB0005599336</ref> Zamanin Manchester City na ci gaba da fafatawa a gasa ya zo daidai da tuhume-tuhume da kuma a lokuta da dama da aka samu na keta dokokin Financial Fair Play (FFP) da dokokin Premier League. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Manchester City ta kasance batun yarjejeniyar sasantawa da UEFA wanda, a cikin matakai da yawa, an sanya iyaka kan adadin 'yan wasan da za su iya yin rajista a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan wasan na UEFA da kuma adadin da za a iya kashewa. a kan canja wuri da kuɗin fa'idar ma'aikata, an kuma bayar da tarar.<ref>https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/10-things-you-need-know-about-manchester-clubs-humble-beginnings</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2017, Premier League ta ci tarar Manchester City tare da dakatar da siyan wasu 'yan wasa na makarantar shekaru biyu bayan da aka same su da karya dokokin ci gaban matasa. Acikin shekarar 2020, Kotun sauraron kararrakin wasanni (CAS) ta yanke hukuncin cewa wasu takunkumin da UEFA ta sanyawa kulob din bai dace ba, wanda hakan ya yi watsi da dakatarwar da City ta yi na tsawon shekaru biyu a Turai, amma duk da haka ta gano cewa kulob din ya keta ka'idojin UEFA ta hanyar rashin bayar da hadin kai da kuma kawo cikas ga kungiyar. bincike, kuma saboda wannan "tsanani mai tsanani" ya ci tarar kulob din. A cikin shekara ta 2023, Premier League ta ba da sanarwar nata binciken zargin da ake yi wa Manchester City, inda take tuhumar kungiyar da keta dokokin FFP har 115 har zuwa kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2017-har18. ===Tarihin gasar=== *1892–1899 Division 2 (L2) *1899–1902 Division 1 (L1) *1902–1903 Division 2 (L2) *1903–1909 Division 1 (L1) *1909–1910 Division 2 (L2) *1910–1926 Division 1 (L1) *1926–1928 Division 2 (L2) *1928–1938 Division 1 (L1) *1938–1947 Division 2 (L2) *1947–1950 Division 1 (L1) *1950–1951 Division 2 (L2) *1951–1963 Division 1 (L1) *1963–1966 Division 2 (L2) *1966–1983 Division 1 (L1) *1983–1985 Division 2 (L2) *1985–1987 Division 1 (L1) *1987–1989 Division 2 (L2) *1989–1992 Division 1 (L1) *1992–1996 Premier League (L1) *1996–1998 Division 1 (L2) *1998–1999 Division 2 (L3) *1999–2000 Division 1 (2) *2000–2001 Premier League (L1) *2001–2002 Division 1 (L2) *2002– Premier League (L1) ==Launuka da kuma Alamun Kulob== Launukan gidan Manchester City shuɗi ne da fari. Launukan kit na gargajiya sun kasance ko dai maroon ko (daga shekarun 1960) ja da baki; duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi amfani da launuka da dama. Ba a san asalin launukan gidan kulob din ba, amma akwai alamun cewa kulob din ya sanya shudi tun cikin shekara ta 1892 ko kuma baya. Wani ɗan littafi mai suna Shahararrun Kungiyoyin Kwallon Kafa - Manchester City wanda aka buga a shekarun 1940 ya nuna cewa West Gorton (St. Marks) tun asali tana wasa da ja da baki, kuma rahotanni daga 1884 sun bayyana ƙungiyar sanye da baƙaƙen riga mai ɗauke da farar giciye, wanda ke nuna asalin ƙungiyar kamar haka. gefen coci. Yin amfani da launin ja da baƙar fata ba safai ba har yanzu ya fito ne daga imanin tsohon mataimakin manajan Malcolm Allison cewa ɗaukar launukan AC Milan zai ƙarfafa City ga ɗaukaka. Alamar Allison da alama yana aiki, tare da City ta lashe gasar cin kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969, da 1970 kofin cin Kofin Jikiriku a 1970 yayin da ake adawa da Kungiyar Sky Blue. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:City, Manchester}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi kwallon kafa]] ebsqkktc4us54gzf26p83lyltwbbhdk 890172 890165 2026-08-01T14:37:41Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 890172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 27.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 16.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 12.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 13.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 24.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 04.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (c Kumar, Infosys) 22.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester external view.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 04.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 10.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester Stadium Wikivoyage banner.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arsenal vs Manchester City (2013).jpg|thumb]] '''Manchester City Football Club''' akan takaita sunan zuwa '''Man City''', ya kasance ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wato taka leda dake zaune a garin [[Manchester]], England, UK, suna fafatawa a gasar [[Premier League]], babban gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar England. Manchester City ta fara amfani da kayan sawan ta na gida mai launin girgije tun acikin shekarar ta 1894, kuma shi ne kakar ƙungiyar na farko da ta fara amfani da sunan ta na yanzu. Kulob ɗin ta lashe kofin league guda goma (wanda huɗu daga ciki a jere ta lashe su acikin shekara ta 2020-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024 wanda hakan yasa ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta yi irin haka a tarihi) da lashe Kofin FA bakwai, da EFL takwas, FA Community Shield shida, Gasar UEFA Champions league ɗaya, da kuma European Cup Winners'Cup guda ɗaya. ==Tarihi== An kafa ƙungiyar acikin shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da tamanin (1880), ta shiga cikin gasar English Football League acikin shekara ta 1899,ta lashe babbar gasar na farko da Kofin FA|Kofin [[FIFA|fiFA]] a cikin shekara ta 1904 FA Cup Final shekara ta 1904. Sun samu nasarori a karshen shekara ta 1960s, inda suka lashe kofin League, fiFA Cup da League Cup a karkashin horarwar Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison. Bayan rashin nasarar ta shekarar 1981 FA Cup Final, kulob ɗin ta faɗa cikin rashin tagomashi,da samun Promotion and relegation|relegation har zuwa rukuni na uku a English football league system|English football. [[File:City of Manchester Stadium 2.jpg|thumb|Babban filin wasa na Manchester City ]] [[File:Josep Guardiola 2023-10-04 Fußball, Männer, UEFA Champions League, RB Leipzig - Manchester City FC 1DX 2797 (cropped).jpg|thumb|kocin Manchester City. Pep Guardiola.]] [[File:David Silva shaved Man City 2017 (36471171422) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Captain din Manchester city. David Silva]] Bayan dawowar su cikin gasar Premier League a shekara ta 2000s, An saida kulob din Manchester City acikin shekara ta 2008, wanda Abu Dhabi United Group suka saya a £210&nbsp;million, da samun sa jari da dama. Kulob ta samu nasarar lashe gasa da dama a tsakanin shekarun 2010s, kuma suka zama Kulob ta farko da ta samu kaiwa maki Premier League records and statistics#Points|100 points a kakar gasar [[premier league]]. Kudin shigar kulub din Manchester City shine na biyar a Deloitte Football Money League|fifth highest a duniya a tsakanin shekara ta 2017–har zuwa zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 na kakar gasa, wanda yakai €527.7&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html|title=Deloitte Football Money League 2018|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=23 January 2018|publisher=Deloitte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8/#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |title=UK Business Insider |access-date=2019-01-26 |archive-date=2018-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118041429/http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> acikin shekara ta 2018, kulub din ita ce na Biyar a Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|fifth most valuable a duniya da kudin da suka kai $2.47&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2018/06/12/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2018/#3dddb7c845c8|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2018|last=Ozanian|first=Mike|work=Forbes}}</ref>. [[File:2011 FA Cup Final Victory Parade (4).jpg|thumb|kungiyar Manchester City kenan a lokacin murnar lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 2011]] Kulub din nada babban hamayya sosai tsakanin ta da takwarar ta [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a wasa tsakanin su da ake kira da Manchester Derby. ===Shekarun farko da nasarorin farko=== City ta sami karramawar farko ta hanyar cin nasara a rukuni na biyu acikin shekara ta 1899, tare da samun ci gaba zuwa matsayi mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingilishi, Rukunin Farko. Sun ci gaba da neman babbar karramawarsu ta farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1904, inda suka doke Bolton Wanderers 1–0 a Crystal Palace don lashe kofin FA; 'Yan wasan Blues sun yi rashin nasara a gasar League da Cup sau biyu a waccan kakar bayan sun kammala gasar zakarun Turai, amma duk da haka sun zama kulob na farko a Manchester da suka samu babbar daraja.Acikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan nasarar cin kofin FA, kulob din ya fuskanci zarge zarge na rashin bin ƙa'ida, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da 'yan wasa goma sha bakwai acikin shekara ta 1906, ciki har da kyaftin Billy Meredith, wanda daga baya ya wuce garin zuwa Manchester United. Wuta a hanyar Hyde ta lalata babbar tashar acikin shekara ta 1920, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1923 ƙungiyar ta koma sabon filin wasansu da aka gina a Maine Road a cikin Moss Side. A cikin shekarar 1930, Manchester City ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin FA sau biyu a jere, inda ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Everton acikin shekara ta 1933, kafin ta ci kofin da ta doke Portsmouth acikin shekara ta 1934. A lokacin gudu na cikin shekara ta 1934, kulob din ya karya tarihin zuwa gida mafi girma na kowane kulob a kwallon kafa ta Ingila. tarihi, yayin da magoya bayan 84,569 suka cika titin Maine a gasar cin kofin FA zagaye na shida da Stoke City - tarihin da ya tsaya har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko a karon farko a cikin shekara ta 1937, amma an sake fitar da ita a kakar wasa ta gaba, duk da zura kwallaye a raga. fiye da kowace kungiya a rukunin. Shekaru 20 bayan haka, wata ƙungiyar Birni ta yi wahayi zuwa ga tsarin dabara da aka sani da Revie Plan ta sake kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin FA a jere, acikin shekara shekara ta 1955 da kuma cikin shekara ta 1956; kamar yadda a cikin shekara ta 1930s, suka yi rashin nasara na farko, a Newcastle United, kuma suka ci na biyu. Wasan karshe da tayi acikin shekara ta 1956, wanda Blues ta doke [[Birmingham]] City daci 3–1, ya ga golan City Bert Trautmann ya ci gaba da taka leda bayan karya wuyansa da rashin sani. ===Zamanin tauraro na farko da kalubalen da suka biyo baya=== Bayan an koma mataki na biyu a cikin 1963, nan gaba ta yi kamar ba ta da kyau tare da ƙarancin halartan gida na 8,015 da Swindon Town a cikin watan Janairun shekara shekara ta 1965. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 1965, an nada ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison . Acikin kakar wasa ta farko a karkashin Mercer, Manchester City ta lashe kambun Division na Biyu kuma ta sanya hannu mai mahimmanci a Mike Summerbee da Colin Bell. Bayan shekaru biyu, a cikin shekara ta 1967–zuwa cikin shekara ta 1968, City ta yi nasarar lashe kofin gasar a karo na biyu, inda ta doke makwabciyarta Manchester United a gasar a ranar karshe ta kakar wasan da ci 4-3 a Newcastle United. Karin kofuna sun biyo baya: City ta lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969 kuma bayan shekara guda ta yi nasara a gasar cin kofin Turai, inda ta doke Górnik Zabrze daci 2–1 acikin shekara ta 1970 na wasan karshe. Wannan ita ce karramawar da kulob din ya samu a Turai har zuwa nasarar da suka samu a gasar zakarun Turai ta cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023. Har ila yau, Blues ta lashe gasar cin kofin League a waccan shekarar, inda ta zama tawagar Ingila ta biyu da ta lashe kofin Turai da kofin gida a kakar wasa guda. Kulob din ya ci gaba da kalubalantar daukaka a cikin shekarun 1970s, inda ya kammala maki daya a bayan zakarun gasar a lokuta biyu kuma ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin League na cikin shekara ta 1974. Daya daga cikin wasannin na wannan lokacin da magoya bayan Manchester City ke tunawa da su shi ne wasan karshe na kakar shekara ta 1973-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1974 da abokan hamayyarta na Manchester United, wadanda ke bukatar yin nasara don samun wani begen gujewa faduwa. Tsohon dan wasan United Denis Law ya zura kwallo da diddige don bai wa City nasara da ci 1-0 a Old Trafford da kuma tabbatar da faduwa daga abokan hamayyarsu. Kofin karshe na lokacin da ya fi samun nasara a kungiyar a karni na 20 an ci shi ne acikin shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka doke Newcastle United da ci 2-1 a wasan karshe na cin kofin League. Wani dogon lokaci na biyo bayan nasarar shekarun 1960 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1970. Malcolm Allison ya koma kulob din ya zama koci karo na biyu acikin shekarar 1979, amma ya yi almubazzaranci da makudan kudade kan sa hannu da dama da ba su yi nasara ba, irin su Steve Daley. Bayan haka, wasu manajoji sun biyo baya - bakwai a cikin 1980s kadai. Karkashin John Bond, City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA na 1981 amma ta sha kashi a karawar da Tottenham Hotspur ta yi. Sau biyu kulob din ya yi fice daga matakin farko a cikin shekarun 1980 (a cikin shekara ta 1983 dakuma cikin shekara ta 1987), amma kuma ya koma mataki na farko acikin shekara ta 1989 kuma ya kare a matsayi na biyar acikin shekara ta 1991 da 1992 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Peter Reid. Koyaya, wannan ɗan hutu ne kawai, kuma bayan tafiyar Reid dukiyar Manchester City ta ci gaba da dusashewa. City ta kasance masu kafa ƙungiyar Premier League bayan ƙirƙirar ta a cikin shekara ta 1992, amma bayan da ta kare a matsayi na tara a kakar wasan farko, sun yi fama da gwagwarmaya na shekaru uku kafin a sake su acikin shekara ta 1996. mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihin su, zama na biyu da suka lashe kofin Turai da aka sake komawa gasar rukuni-rukuni na ƙasarsu bayan 1. FC Magdeburg ta [[Jamus]]. ===Farfadowa ta biyu=== Bayan da aka tashi daga gasar, kulob din ya fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula a waje, tare da sabon shugaban David Bernstein ya gabatar da ingantaccen tsarin kasafin kudi. Karkashin kociyan Joe Royle, City ta sami daukaka a yunkurin farko, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ban mamaki a wasan karshe na rukuni na biyu da Gillingham. Matsayin ci gaba na biyu a jere ya ga City ta koma mataki na gaba, amma wannan ya zama mataki mai nisa ga ƙungiyar da ke murmurewa, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001 An sake komawa City sau ɗaya. Kevin Keegan ya maye gurbin Royle a matsayin koci a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta ƙarshe, kuma ya samu koma baya nan da nan zuwa babban rukuni yayin da ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko ta 2001-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2002, ta karya tarihin ƙungiyar na yawan maki da aka zura a raga a kakar wasa ɗaya a gasar. tsari.Acikin Kakar wasw ta cikin shekar ta 2002–zuwa cikin 03 ita ce ta ƙarshe a Maine Road kuma ta haɗa da 3-1 derby nasara akan abokan hammayarsu Manchester United, wanda ya kawo karshen shekara 13 da aka yi ba tare da nasara ba. Bugu da ƙari, City ta cancanci shiga gasar Turai a karon farko cikin shekaru 25 ta hanyar UEFA fair play ranking. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2003–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2004, kulob din ya koma sabon City na filin wasa na Manchester. Shekaru hudu na farko a filin wasa duk sun haifar da kammala tsakiyar tebur. Tsohon manajan Ingila Sven-Göran Eriksson ya zama kociyan kungiyar na kasashen waje na farko lokacin da aka nada shi a shekarar 2007. Bayan fara wasa mai kyau, wasan kwaikwayo ya dusashe a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa, kuma an kori Eriksson a ranar 2 ga Yunin shekara ta 2008; Mark Hughes ya maye gurbinsa bayan kwana biyu. Acikin shekara ta 2008, Manchester City ta kasance cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin kuɗi. Thaksin Shinawatra ya karbi ragamar kulab din a shekarar da ta gabata, amma fafutukar siyasarsa ta ga kadarorinsa sun daskare. Sannan, a cikin Agustan shekara ta 2008, Ƙungiyar Abu Dhabi United ta sayi Birni. Taken ya biyo bayan yunƙurin neman manyan ‘yan wasa; Kulob din ya karya tarihin sayan 'yan wasa na Biritaniya ta hanyar siyan Robinho dan kasar [[Brazil]] daga Real Madrid kan fan miliyan 32.5. Ba a samu wani gagarumin ci gaba ba idan aka kwatanta da kakar da ta gabata duk da kwararar kudi duk da haka, kungiyar ta kare a mataki na goma, duk da cewa ta yi rawar gani ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da karshe a gasar cin kofin UEFA. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 2009, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki kashe kuɗin canja wuri zuwa matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba, tare da kashe sama da fam miliyan 100 akan 'yan wasa Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel Adebayor, Carlos Tevez, da Joleon Lescott. A cikin watan Disamban shekara ta 2009, Mark Hughes - wanda aka ɗauke shi aiki jim kaɗan kafin canjin ikon mallakar amma tun asali sabuwar hukumar ta riƙe shi - Roberto Mancini ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin manaja. City ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na biyar a gasar Premier, da kyar ta rasa gurbin shiga gasar zakarun Turai amma ta cancanci shiga gasar UEFA Europa League. ===Zaman tauraro na biyu da zuwan Pep Guardiola=== Ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin 'yan wasa ya biyo baya a lokuta masu zuwa, kuma sakamakon ya fara daidai da haɓakar ingancin ɗan wasa. City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA acikin shekarar 2011, babban wasan karshe na farko cikin sama da shekaru 30, bayan da ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United a wasan kusa da na karshe, karo na farko da ta fitar da abokiyar karawarta daga gasar cin kofin tun cikin shekara 1975. Blues ta doke Stoke. City 1–0 a wasan karshe, inda ta samu nasarar cin kofin FA karo na biyar da kuma babban kofi na farko da kungiyar ta lashe tun bayan lashe kofin League na cikin ta 1976. A ranar karshe ta kakar ta shekara ta 2010-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2011, City ta doke [[Arsenal F.C.]] a matsayi na uku, ta yadda ta samu cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai kai tsaye a group stage. An ci gaba da yin wasanni masu ƙarfi da kuma cimma nasarori a kakar wasan shekara ta 2011–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2012, gami da nasarar da suka yi da Tottenham da ci 5–1 a White Hart Lane da kuma nasarar da ta yi daidai da 6–1 a kan Manchester United a Old Trafford, amma rashin kyawun tsari a rabin na biyu kakar wasan dai ya bar City a matsayi na biyu da maki takwas tsakaninta da United saura wasanni shida kacal a buga. A wannan lokacin, United ta yi rashin nasara a kan ta, inda ta yi kasa da maki takwas a cikin wasanni hudu, yayin da City ta fara samun nasara a jere, wanda ya sa kungiyoyin biyu suka tashi da maki daya saura wasanni biyu. Duk da Buluwa kawai suna bukatar nasara a gida da Queens Park Rangers, kungiya a yankin relegation, sun fadi a baya da ci 1-2 a karshen lokacin al'ada. Duk da haka, kwallaye biyu da aka zura a lokacin rauni – na biyu da Sergio Agüero ya zura a cikin minti na hudu da aka kara - ya daidaita kambin da City ta samu, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama kungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Premier da maki kadai. A kakar wasa ta gaba, City ta kasa yin kwafin nasarar da ta samu a shekarar da ta gabata. Bayan kammala gasar ta biyu a gasar, maki goma sha daya a bayan Manchester United, da rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin FA 0–1 a hannun Wigan Athletic da ta koma mataki na daya, an kori Mancini. Manajan Chilean Manuel Pellegrini ne ya maye gurbinsa. Acikin shekarar farko ta Pellegrini, City ta lashe kofin League kuma ta sake samun kofin Premier a ranar wasan karshe na kakar wasa. Tsarin gasar kungiyar sannan sannu a hankali ya ragu cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, yayin da Blues din ta kare a matsayi na biyu acikin shekara ta 2014–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015 sannan ta koma ta hudu a cikin shekara ta 2015–har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016, kodayake kakar shekara ta 2015–dakuma cikin shekara ta 2016 za ta ga City ta lashe wani kofin gasar Gasar Zakarun Turai na kusa da na karshe a karon farko. Pep Guardiola, tsohon kocin Barcelona da Bayern Munich, an tabbatar da zama sabon kocin Manchester City a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 2016, tare da sanar da sanarwar watanni da yawa kafin Manuel Pellegrini ya bar mukaminsa. Kakar farko ta Guardiola a Manchester za ta kawo karshen gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, inda Blues ke matsayi na uku a kan teburin gasar, amma kakar wasan da ta biyo baya ta samu nasara sosai, yayin da City ta lashe kofin Premier da maki mafi girma a tarihi tare da karya wasu kungiyoyi da na Ingila da dama. rubuce-rubuce a kan hanya. Wannan zai zama farkon nasarar da Manchester City ta samu a karkashin Guardiola. Tsakanin wasannin shekara ta 2017-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 na gasar Premier, City ta lashe kofunan lig biyar cikin shida, inda ta zo ta biyu a bayan Liverpool a kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin ta 2020. Guardiola ya kuma jagoranci Blues zuwa gasar cin kofin gida, wanda aka haskaka ta nasarar cin Kofin League guda hudu a jere a 2018-2021. A lokacin kakar 2018-2019, City ta kammala babban gasar cikin gida da ba a taɓa gani ba na taken maza na Ingilishi. Baya ga lashe dukkanin manyan gasa uku na gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, sun kuma lashe Garkuwar Jama'a, wanda shi ne karon farko da kowace kungiya ta taba rike dukkan kofunan kwallon kafa hudu na Ingila a lokaci guda. A matakin nahiyar, kulob din ya samu ci gaba a cikin 2020-21, inda ya kai wasan karshe na Gasar Zakarun Turai na farko. A cikin duk wani al'amari na Turanci, City ta yi rashin nasara 0-1 a Chelsea a Estádio do Dragão a [[Porto]].<ref>http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/the-resources-and-power-of-sheikh-mansoor-makes-this-deal-a-seismic-moment-for-the-aleague/story-fni2wcjl-1226808309758</ref> Kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2022-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 ta zama mafi girma a tarihin ƙungiyar, yayin da Manchester City ta lashe kofin Premier karo na uku a jere, da gasar cin kofin FA da abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United, da kuma kofin gasar zakarun Turai na farko a filin wasa na Olympics na Atatürk da ke Istanbul Inter [[Milano|Milan]], ta haka ne ke haɗa wani abu mai wuyar gaske - wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na nahiyar. Hanyar cin kofin zakarun Turai ya hada da nasarar da Bayern Munich ta yi a Turai, wadda ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, da kuma Real Madrid, wadda ta sha kashi a hannun City da ci 1-5.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070205055003/http://www.plusmarketsgroup.com/details.shtml?ISIN=GB0005599336</ref> Zamanin Manchester City na ci gaba da fafatawa a gasa ya zo daidai da tuhume-tuhume da kuma a lokuta da dama da aka samu na keta dokokin Financial Fair Play (FFP) da dokokin Premier League. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Manchester City ta kasance batun yarjejeniyar sasantawa da UEFA wanda, a cikin matakai da yawa, an sanya iyaka kan adadin 'yan wasan da za su iya yin rajista a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan wasan na UEFA da kuma adadin da za a iya kashewa. a kan canja wuri da kuɗin fa'idar ma'aikata, an kuma bayar da tarar.<ref>https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/10-things-you-need-know-about-manchester-clubs-humble-beginnings</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2017, Premier League ta ci tarar Manchester City tare da dakatar da siyan wasu 'yan wasa na makarantar shekaru biyu bayan da aka same su da karya dokokin ci gaban matasa. Acikin shekarar 2020, Kotun sauraron kararrakin wasanni (CAS) ta yanke hukuncin cewa wasu takunkumin da UEFA ta sanyawa kulob din bai dace ba, wanda hakan ya yi watsi da dakatarwar da City ta yi na tsawon shekaru biyu a Turai, amma duk da haka ta gano cewa kulob din ya keta ka'idojin UEFA ta hanyar rashin bayar da hadin kai da kuma kawo cikas ga kungiyar. bincike, kuma saboda wannan "tsanani mai tsanani" ya ci tarar kulob din. A cikin shekara ta 2023, Premier League ta ba da sanarwar nata binciken zargin da ake yi wa Manchester City, inda take tuhumar kungiyar da keta dokokin FFP har 115 har zuwa kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2017-har18. ===Tarihin gasar=== *1892–1899 Division 2 (L2) *1899–1902 Division 1 (L1) *1902–1903 Division 2 (L2) *1903–1909 Division 1 (L1) *1909–1910 Division 2 (L2) *1910–1926 Division 1 (L1) *1926–1928 Division 2 (L2) *1928–1938 Division 1 (L1) *1938–1947 Division 2 (L2) *1947–1950 Division 1 (L1) *1950–1951 Division 2 (L2) *1951–1963 Division 1 (L1) *1963–1966 Division 2 (L2) *1966–1983 Division 1 (L1) *1983–1985 Division 2 (L2) *1985–1987 Division 1 (L1) *1987–1989 Division 2 (L2) *1989–1992 Division 1 (L1) *1992–1996 Premier League (L1) *1996–1998 Division 1 (L2) *1998–1999 Division 2 (L3) *1999–2000 Division 1 (2) *2000–2001 Premier League (L1) *2001–2002 Division 1 (L2) *2002– Premier League (L1) ==Launuka da kuma Alamun Kulob== Launukan gidan Manchester City shuɗi ne da fari. Launukan kit na gargajiya sun kasance ko dai maroon ko (daga shekarun 1960) ja da baki; duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi amfani da launuka da dama. Ba a san asalin launukan gidan kulob din ba, amma akwai alamun cewa kulob din ya sanya shudi tun cikin shekara ta 1892 ko kuma baya. Wani ɗan littafi mai suna Shahararrun Kungiyoyin Kwallon Kafa - Manchester City wanda aka buga a shekarun 1940 ya nuna cewa West Gorton (St. Marks) tun asali tana wasa da ja da baki, kuma rahotanni daga 1884 sun bayyana ƙungiyar sanye da baƙaƙen riga mai ɗauke da farar giciye, wanda ke nuna asalin ƙungiyar kamar haka. gefen coci. Yin amfani da launin ja da baƙar fata ba safai ba har yanzu ya fito ne daga imanin tsohon mataimakin manajan Malcolm Allison cewa ɗaukar launukan AC Milan zai ƙarfafa City ga ɗaukaka. Alamar Allison da alama yana aiki, tare da City ta lashe gasar cin kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969, da 1970 kofin cin Kofin Jikiriku a 1970 yayin da ake adawa da Kungiyar Sky Blue. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:City, Manchester}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi kwallon kafa]] da2nvl4qu3oi797u7kouv9meeciozdu 0 12086 890347 296448 2026-08-01T22:45:55Z Baffa ali 47435 890347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Gao_Assemble_Regionale.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gao.]] [[File:Zonas_de_pastoreo_tuareg_y_peuhl-fulani_en_el_c%C3%ADrculo_de_Gao_1901-1911.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Tuareg da Peuhl-Fulani makiyaya a cikin da'irar Gao]] '''Gao''' gari ne, da ke a ƙasar [[Mali]]. Shi ne babban garin yankin Gao. Gao yana da yawan jama'a wanda kimanin su yakai 86,633, bisa ga jimillar 2009. An gina birnin Gao a karni na bakwai bayan haifuwar Annabi Issa (ASW). {{DEFAULTSORT:Gao}} [[Category:Garuruwan Mali]] eqh5ydvo469pesagybrfwbj4omy99ru 0 12390 890101 545932 2026-08-01T12:22:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 890101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filin jirgin saman Tillabéri''' [[Filin jirgin sama|filin jirgi]] ne dake a [[Tillabéri]], babban birnin [[yankin Tillabéri]], a ƙasar [[Nijar]]. <ref name="ANAC">{{cite web | url = http://www.anacniger.org/fr/aerodromes/ | title = Aérodromes | publisher = ANAC Niger | accessdate = 24 December 2019 | deadurl = no | archive-date = 20 December 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191220073202/http://anacniger.org/fr/aerodromes/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tillaberi}} [[Category:Filayen jirgin sama a Nijar]] 5h10du3lo3g8onma6er2wijwbin8in0 0 12812 890524 587899 2026-08-02T10:39:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 890524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarakunan Musulmi na Oman''' sune sarakuna kuma [[Shugaban kasa|shugabannin kasar]] [[Oman]]. Wanda kuma shi ne mafi girman matsayi a kasar. Sarakunan Oman membobi ne daga asalin daular Al Said, wanda kuma sune dangi na gidan dake sarautar Oman tun daga tsakiyar karni na 18. Tun daga 11 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said ne sultan na yanzu. == Jerin Imamai (751-180) == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" |Imamai ! rowspan="2" |Kabila ! rowspan="2" |Mazauni ! rowspan="2" |Fara mulki ! rowspan="2" |Karin bayani |- !Tarjamar sunaye a larabci !Sunaye a [[Larabci]] |- |Al-Julanda bin Mas'ood | align="right" |الجلندى بن مسعود |Azd |? |751 | |- |Mohammed bin Abi Affan | align="right" |محمد بن أبي عفان |Azd |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Warith bin Ka'ab | align="right" |الوارث بن كعب |Yahmad |Nizwa |801 | |- |Ghassan bin Abdullah | align="right" |غسان بن عبد الله |Yahmad |Nizwa |807 | |- |Abdulmalik bin Humaid | align="right" |عبد المالك بن حميد |Azd |? |824 | |- |Al-Muhanna bin Jayfar | align="right" |المهنا بن جيفر |Yahmad |Nizwa |840 | |- |Al-Salt bin Malik | align="right" |الصلت بن مالك |Azd |? |851 | |- |Rashid bin Al-Nadhar | align="right" |راشد بن النظر |? |? |886 | |- |Azzan bin Tamim | align="right" |عزان بن تميم |? |Nizwa |890 | |- |Mohammed bin Al-Hassan | align="right" |محمد بن الحسن |Azd |? |897 | |- |Azzan bin Al-Hazbar | align="right" |عزان بن الهزبر |Yahmad |? |898 | |- |Abdullah bin Mohammed | align="right" |عبد الله بن محمد |? |? |899 | |- |Al-Salt bin Al-Qasim | align="right" |الصلت بن القاسم |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Husn bin Said | align="right" |الحسن بن سعيد |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Hawari bin Matraf | align="right" |الحواري بن مطرف |? |? |904 | |- |Omar bin Mohammed | align="right" |عمر بن محمد |? |? |912 | |- |Mohammed bin Yazid | align="right" |محمد بن يزيد |Kinda |? |? | |- |Al-Hakm bin Al-Milaa Al-Bahri | align="right" |الحكم بن الملا البحري |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Said bin Abdullah | align="right" |سعيد بن عبد الله |? |? |939 | |- |Rashid bin Waleed | align="right" |راشد بن الوليد |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Khalil bin Shadhan | align="right" |الخليل بن شاذان |? |? |1002 | |- |Rashid bin Said | align="right" |راشد بن سعيد |? |? |1032 | |- |Hafs bin Rashid | align="right" |حفص بن راشد |? |? |1068 | |- |Rashid bin Ali | align="right" |راشد بن علي |? |? |1054 | |- |Musa bin Jabir | align="right" |ابن جابر موسى |? |Nizwa |1154 | |- |Salim bin Rashid Al Kharusi | align="right" | |Azdi, Yamani, Qahtani |? |1331 - 1338 | |- |Malik bin Aly | align="right" |مالك بن علي |? |? |1406 | |} == Jerin Imamai (1406–1749) == === Daular Nabhani (1406-11624) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Farawa daga ! ƙarshen sarauta ! Bayanan kula (lura) |- | Makhzum bin al Fallah |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1406 | 1435 | |- | Abul Hassan na Oman |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1435 | 1451 | |- | Omar bin al Khattab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1451 | 1490 | |- | Omar al Sharif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1490 | 1500 | |- | Muhammad bin Isma’il |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1500 | 1529 | Portuguese protectorate hõre ta a 15 Afrilu 1515. |- | Barakat bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1529 | 1560 | |- | Abdulla bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1560 | 1624 | |} === Daular Yaruba (1624-1779) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Nasir bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1624 | 1649 | |- | Sultan bin Saif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1649 | 1679 | Yaren kasar Fotigal ya kare da korar su ranar 1 ga Janairu 1650. |- | Bil'arab bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1679 | 1692 | |- | Saif bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1692 | 1711 | |- | Sultan bin Saif II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1711 | 1718 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1718 | 1719 | |- | Muhanna bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1719 | 1720 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1720 | 1722 | Sarauta ta biyu |- | Ya'arab bin Bel'arab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1722 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1724 | Mulkin na uku |- | Muhammad bin Nasir |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1724 | 1728 | Ba dan kungiyar daular ba |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1742 | Mulkin na huxu; a farko a yankin bakin teku kawai |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1737 | Sarautar farko; a ciki |- | Sultan bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1742 | 1743 | |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1743 | 1749 | Sarauta ta biyu; a ciki |} == Jerin Sarakunan Musulunci == === Masarautar Al Said (1749 – zuwa yau) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Yuni 1749 | 15 Disamba 1783 | Daga 1744 a yankin gabar teku |- | Inji Bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 15 Disamba 1783 | 1784 | Malean ƙarshe kai tsaye na zuriyar Bu Bu Said ya riƙe matsayin Imam. Ya yi wa dansa Hamad izinin duniya kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa Rustaq inda ya mutu a shekara ta 1803. |- | Hamad bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1784 | 13 Maris 1792 | |- | Sultan bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 13 Maris 1792 | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | |- | Salim bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | rowspan="2" | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | rowspan="2" | 14 Satumba 1806 | rowspan="2" | Masu Hadin gwiwa |- | Said bin Sultan | rowspan="2" |[[File:Said_Bin_Sultan.jpg|126x126px]] |- | Said II bin Sultan | 14 Satumba 1806 | 19 Oktoba 1856 | Mai Mulki |- | Thuwaini bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 19 Oktoba 1856 | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | An kashe |- | Salim II bin Thuwaini |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | 3 Oktoba 1868 | An ƙaddara |- | Azzan bin Qais |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 3 Oktoba 1868 | 30 Janairu 1871 | An kashe |- | Turki bin Said |[[File:Turki_ibn_Said.jpg|132x132px]] | 30 Janairu 1871 | 4 Yuni 1888 | |- | Faisal bin Turki |[[File:Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg|164x164px]] | 4 Yuni 1888 | 9 Oktoba 1913 | An sanya dokar kariya a Burtaniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 1891. <ref>See [[Persian Gulf Residency]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Oman.html Oman]</ref> |- | Taimur bin Feisal |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 9 Oktoba 1913 | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | An karɓa |- | III bin Taimur ya ce |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | 23 Yuli 1970 | Inaddamar da juyin mulkin Omani a 1970 . |- | Qaboos bin Said |[[File:السلطان_قابوس.jpg|131x131px]] | 23 Yuli 1970 | 10 Janairu 2020 | Kungiyar kare hakkin mallaka ta Biritaniya ta kare a ranar 2 ga Disamba 1971. |- | Haitham bin Tariq Al Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Janairu 2020 | Ba shi da tushe | |- |} == Nasara == Qaboos bashi da yaya kuma bashi da yan'uwa; akwai wasu maza ahali na gidan sarautar Oman wadanda suka hada da kawunnan sa da iyalan su. Using same-generation [[primogeniture]], the successor to Qaboos would appear to be the children of his late uncle, Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said, Oman's first prime minister before the sultan took over the position himself (and his former father-in-law).<ref>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html#I12 HH Prince Sayyid Tarik bin Taimur al-Said] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150701041221/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html Archived] 1 July 2015 at the [[Wayback Machine]]. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved on 14 July 2011.</ref> Oman watchers believe the top contenders to succeed Qaboos are three of Tariq's sons: [[Asa'ad bin Tariq bin Taimur al Said|Assad bin Tariq Al Said]], Deputy Prime Minister<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2017/0417/In-Oman-a-train-of-succession-mystery-Who-follows-Qaboos "In Oman, a train-of-succession mystery: Who follows Qaboos?"]. 17 April 2017 &#x2013; via Christian Science Monitor.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> for International Relations and Cooperation<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.royalark.net/Oman/oman9.htm "oman9"]. ''royalark.net''.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> and the Sultan’s special representative; Shihab bin Tariq, a retired naval commander; and [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]], the Minister of Heritage and National Culture.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://muscatconfidential.blogspot.com/2010/10/question-of-succession.html "The Question of Succession"]. Muscat Confidential<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50902476 "Sultan Qaboos of Oman dies aged 79"]. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Oman state TV said authorities had opened the letter by Sultan Qaboos bin Said naming his successor, announcing shortly that [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]] is the country’s ruling sultan.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://apnews.com/9ca4a9910ede3e11b2fbf085189e628b "Oman names culture minister as successor to Sultan Qaboos"]. ''AP NEWS''. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> == Matsayi na Sarkin Musulmi == <gallery class="center"> File:Royal Standard of Oman.svg|<nowiki> </nowiki>Tambarin Mai alfarma Sarkin Musulmin Oman. </gallery> == Manazarta == ; Gaba ki daya * "Oman's Rulers Through History (Pre-Islam – 12th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2011-06-22 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "Oman's Rulers Through History (13th Century AD – 18th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-09-26 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "The Al Bu Said Dynasty" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-05-12 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . ; Musamman {{Reflist|20em}} == Tarihi == * Salil-Ibn Razik (2004) [First published 1871]. الشعاع الشائع باللمعان في ذكر أئمة عمان [History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman]. trans. Reverend George Percy Badger. Kessinger Publishing. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4179-4787-4</nowiki>. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Buyers, Christopher. "Oman". The Royal Ark: Royal and Ruling Houses of Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas. Retrieved 2010-08-08. q85t63mf9f5uccwup0r2g6wdodde01a 890525 890524 2026-08-02T10:40:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 890525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarakunan Musulmi na Oman''' sune sarakuna kuma [[Shugaban kasa|shugabannin kasar]] [[Oman]]. Wanda kuma shi ne mafi girman matsayi a kasar. Sarakunan Oman membobi ne daga asalin daular Al Said, wanda kuma sune dangi na gidan dake sarautar [[Oman]] tun daga tsakiyar karni na 18. Tun daga 11 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said ne sultan na yanzu. == Jerin Imamai (751-180) == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" |Imamai ! rowspan="2" |Kabila ! rowspan="2" |Mazauni ! rowspan="2" |Fara mulki ! rowspan="2" |Karin bayani |- !Tarjamar sunaye a larabci !Sunaye a [[Larabci]] |- |Al-Julanda bin Mas'ood | align="right" |الجلندى بن مسعود |Azd |? |751 | |- |Mohammed bin Abi Affan | align="right" |محمد بن أبي عفان |Azd |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Warith bin Ka'ab | align="right" |الوارث بن كعب |Yahmad |Nizwa |801 | |- |Ghassan bin Abdullah | align="right" |غسان بن عبد الله |Yahmad |Nizwa |807 | |- |Abdulmalik bin Humaid | align="right" |عبد المالك بن حميد |Azd |? |824 | |- |Al-Muhanna bin Jayfar | align="right" |المهنا بن جيفر |Yahmad |Nizwa |840 | |- |Al-Salt bin Malik | align="right" |الصلت بن مالك |Azd |? |851 | |- |Rashid bin Al-Nadhar | align="right" |راشد بن النظر |? |? |886 | |- |Azzan bin Tamim | align="right" |عزان بن تميم |? |Nizwa |890 | |- |Mohammed bin Al-Hassan | align="right" |محمد بن الحسن |Azd |? |897 | |- |Azzan bin Al-Hazbar | align="right" |عزان بن الهزبر |Yahmad |? |898 | |- |Abdullah bin Mohammed | align="right" |عبد الله بن محمد |? |? |899 | |- |Al-Salt bin Al-Qasim | align="right" |الصلت بن القاسم |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Husn bin Said | align="right" |الحسن بن سعيد |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Hawari bin Matraf | align="right" |الحواري بن مطرف |? |? |904 | |- |Omar bin Mohammed | align="right" |عمر بن محمد |? |? |912 | |- |Mohammed bin Yazid | align="right" |محمد بن يزيد |Kinda |? |? | |- |Al-Hakm bin Al-Milaa Al-Bahri | align="right" |الحكم بن الملا البحري |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Said bin Abdullah | align="right" |سعيد بن عبد الله |? |? |939 | |- |Rashid bin Waleed | align="right" |راشد بن الوليد |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Khalil bin Shadhan | align="right" |الخليل بن شاذان |? |? |1002 | |- |Rashid bin Said | align="right" |راشد بن سعيد |? |? |1032 | |- |Hafs bin Rashid | align="right" |حفص بن راشد |? |? |1068 | |- |Rashid bin Ali | align="right" |راشد بن علي |? |? |1054 | |- |Musa bin Jabir | align="right" |ابن جابر موسى |? |Nizwa |1154 | |- |Salim bin Rashid Al Kharusi | align="right" | |Azdi, Yamani, Qahtani |? |1331 - 1338 | |- |Malik bin Aly | align="right" |مالك بن علي |? |? |1406 | |} == Jerin Imamai (1406–1749) == === Daular Nabhani (1406-11624) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Farawa daga ! ƙarshen sarauta ! Bayanan kula (lura) |- | Makhzum bin al Fallah |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1406 | 1435 | |- | Abul Hassan na Oman |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1435 | 1451 | |- | Omar bin al Khattab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1451 | 1490 | |- | Omar al Sharif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1490 | 1500 | |- | Muhammad bin Isma’il |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1500 | 1529 | Portuguese protectorate hõre ta a 15 Afrilu 1515. |- | Barakat bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1529 | 1560 | |- | Abdulla bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1560 | 1624 | |} === Daular Yaruba (1624-1779) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Nasir bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1624 | 1649 | |- | Sultan bin Saif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1649 | 1679 | Yaren kasar Fotigal ya kare da korar su ranar 1 ga Janairu 1650. |- | Bil'arab bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1679 | 1692 | |- | Saif bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1692 | 1711 | |- | Sultan bin Saif II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1711 | 1718 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1718 | 1719 | |- | Muhanna bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1719 | 1720 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1720 | 1722 | Sarauta ta biyu |- | Ya'arab bin Bel'arab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1722 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1724 | Mulkin na uku |- | Muhammad bin Nasir |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1724 | 1728 | Ba dan kungiyar daular ba |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1742 | Mulkin na huxu; a farko a yankin bakin teku kawai |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1737 | Sarautar farko; a ciki |- | Sultan bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1742 | 1743 | |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1743 | 1749 | Sarauta ta biyu; a ciki |} == Jerin Sarakunan Musulunci == === Masarautar Al Said (1749 – zuwa yau) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Yuni 1749 | 15 Disamba 1783 | Daga 1744 a yankin gabar teku |- | Inji Bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 15 Disamba 1783 | 1784 | Malean ƙarshe kai tsaye na zuriyar Bu Bu Said ya riƙe matsayin Imam. Ya yi wa dansa Hamad izinin duniya kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa Rustaq inda ya mutu a shekara ta 1803. |- | Hamad bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1784 | 13 Maris 1792 | |- | Sultan bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 13 Maris 1792 | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | |- | Salim bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | rowspan="2" | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | rowspan="2" | 14 Satumba 1806 | rowspan="2" | Masu Hadin gwiwa |- | Said bin Sultan | rowspan="2" |[[File:Said_Bin_Sultan.jpg|126x126px]] |- | Said II bin Sultan | 14 Satumba 1806 | 19 Oktoba 1856 | Mai Mulki |- | Thuwaini bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 19 Oktoba 1856 | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | An kashe |- | Salim II bin Thuwaini |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | 3 Oktoba 1868 | An ƙaddara |- | Azzan bin Qais |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 3 Oktoba 1868 | 30 Janairu 1871 | An kashe |- | Turki bin Said |[[File:Turki_ibn_Said.jpg|132x132px]] | 30 Janairu 1871 | 4 Yuni 1888 | |- | Faisal bin Turki |[[File:Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg|164x164px]] | 4 Yuni 1888 | 9 Oktoba 1913 | An sanya dokar kariya a Burtaniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 1891. <ref>See [[Persian Gulf Residency]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Oman.html Oman]</ref> |- | Taimur bin Feisal |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 9 Oktoba 1913 | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | An karɓa |- | III bin Taimur ya ce |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | 23 Yuli 1970 | Inaddamar da juyin mulkin Omani a 1970 . |- | Qaboos bin Said |[[File:السلطان_قابوس.jpg|131x131px]] | 23 Yuli 1970 | 10 Janairu 2020 | Kungiyar kare hakkin mallaka ta Biritaniya ta kare a ranar 2 ga Disamba 1971. |- | Haitham bin Tariq Al Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Janairu 2020 | Ba shi da tushe | |- |} == Nasara == Qaboos bashi da yaya kuma bashi da yan'uwa; akwai wasu maza ahali na gidan sarautar Oman wadanda suka hada da kawunnan sa da iyalan su. Using same-generation [[primogeniture]], the successor to Qaboos would appear to be the children of his late uncle, Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said, Oman's first prime minister before the sultan took over the position himself (and his former father-in-law).<ref>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html#I12 HH Prince Sayyid Tarik bin Taimur al-Said] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150701041221/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html Archived] 1 July 2015 at the [[Wayback Machine]]. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved on 14 July 2011.</ref> Oman watchers believe the top contenders to succeed Qaboos are three of Tariq's sons: [[Asa'ad bin Tariq bin Taimur al Said|Assad bin Tariq Al Said]], Deputy Prime Minister<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2017/0417/In-Oman-a-train-of-succession-mystery-Who-follows-Qaboos "In Oman, a train-of-succession mystery: Who follows Qaboos?"]. 17 April 2017 &#x2013; via Christian Science Monitor.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> for International Relations and Cooperation<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.royalark.net/Oman/oman9.htm "oman9"]. ''royalark.net''.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> and the Sultan’s special representative; Shihab bin Tariq, a retired naval commander; and [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]], the Minister of Heritage and National Culture.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://muscatconfidential.blogspot.com/2010/10/question-of-succession.html "The Question of Succession"]. Muscat Confidential<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50902476 "Sultan Qaboos of Oman dies aged 79"]. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Oman state TV said authorities had opened the letter by Sultan Qaboos bin Said naming his successor, announcing shortly that [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]] is the country’s ruling sultan.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://apnews.com/9ca4a9910ede3e11b2fbf085189e628b "Oman names culture minister as successor to Sultan Qaboos"]. ''AP NEWS''. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> == Matsayi na Sarkin Musulmi == <gallery class="center"> File:Royal Standard of Oman.svg|<nowiki> </nowiki>Tambarin Mai alfarma Sarkin Musulmin Oman. </gallery> == Manazarta == ; Gaba ki daya * "Oman's Rulers Through History (Pre-Islam – 12th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2011-06-22 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "Oman's Rulers Through History (13th Century AD – 18th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-09-26 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "The Al Bu Said Dynasty" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-05-12 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . ; Musamman {{Reflist|20em}} == Tarihi == * Salil-Ibn Razik (2004) [First published 1871]. الشعاع الشائع باللمعان في ذكر أئمة عمان [History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman]. trans. Reverend George Percy Badger. Kessinger Publishing. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4179-4787-4</nowiki>. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Buyers, Christopher. "Oman". The Royal Ark: Royal and Ruling Houses of Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas. Retrieved 2010-08-08. drusje2ep12jc6yifs8npim6f7i40d3 890526 890525 2026-08-02T10:41:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 890526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarakunan Musulmi na Oman''' sune sarakuna kuma [[Shugaban kasa|shugabannin kasar]] [[Oman]]. Wanda kuma shi ne mafi girman matsayi a kasar. Sarakunan Oman membobi ne daga asalin daular Al Said, wanda kuma sune dangi na gidan dake sarautar [[Oman]] tun daga tsakiyar karni na 18. Tun daga 11 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said ne sultan na yanzu. == Jerin Imamai (751-180) == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" |Imamai ! rowspan="2" |Kabila ! rowspan="2" |Mazauni ! rowspan="2" |Fara mulki ! rowspan="2" |Karin bayani |- !Tarjamar sunaye a larabci !Sunaye a [[Larabci]] |- |Al-Julanda bin Mas'ood | align="right" |الجلندى بن مسعود |Azd |? |751 | |- |Mohammed bin Abi Affan | align="right" |محمد بن أبي عفان |Azd |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Warith bin Ka'ab | align="right" |الوارث بن كعب |Yahmad |Nizwa |801 | |- |Ghassan bin Abdullah | align="right" |غسان بن عبد الله |Yahmad |Nizwa |807 | |- |Abdulmalik bin Humaid | align="right" |عبد المالك بن حميد |Azd |? |824 | |- |Al-Muhanna bin Jayfar | align="right" |المهنا بن جيفر |Yahmad |Nizwa |840 | |- |Al-Salt bin Malik | align="right" |الصلت بن مالك |Azd |? |851 | |- |Rashid bin Al-Nadhar | align="right" |راشد بن النظر |? |? |886 | |- |Azzan bin Tamim | align="right" |عزان بن تميم |? |Nizwa |890 | |- |Mohammed bin Al-Hassan | align="right" |محمد بن الحسن |Azd |? |897 | |- |Azzan bin Al-Hazbar | align="right" |عزان بن الهزبر |Yahmad |? |898 | |- |Abdullah bin Mohammed | align="right" |عبد الله بن محمد |? |? |899 | |- |Al-Salt bin Al-Qasim | align="right" |الصلت بن القاسم |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Husn bin Said | align="right" |الحسن بن سعيد |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Hawari bin Matraf | align="right" |الحواري بن مطرف |? |? |904 | |- |Omar bin Mohammed | align="right" |عمر بن محمد |? |? |912 | |- |Mohammed bin Yazid | align="right" |محمد بن يزيد |Kinda |? |? | |- |Al-Hakm bin Al-Milaa Al-Bahri | align="right" |الحكم بن الملا البحري |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Said bin Abdullah | align="right" |سعيد بن عبد الله |? |? |939 | |- |Rashid bin Waleed | align="right" |راشد بن الوليد |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Khalil bin Shadhan | align="right" |الخليل بن شاذان |? |? |1002 | |- |Rashid bin Said | align="right" |راشد بن سعيد |? |? |1032 | |- |Hafs bin Rashid | align="right" |حفص بن راشد |? |? |1068 | |- |Rashid bin Ali | align="right" |راشد بن علي |? |? |1054 | |- |Musa bin Jabir | align="right" |ابن جابر موسى |? |Nizwa |1154 | |- |Salim bin Rashid Al Kharusi | align="right" | |Azdi, Yamani, Qahtani |? |1331 - 1338 | |- |Malik bin Aly | align="right" |مالك بن علي |? |? |1406 | |} == Jerin Imamai (1406–1749) == === Daular Nabhani (1406-11624) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Farawa daga ! ƙarshen sarauta ! Bayanan kula (lura) |- | Makhzum bin al Fallah |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1406 | 1435 | |- | Abul Hassan na Oman |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1435 | 1451 | |- | Omar bin al Khattab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1451 | 1490 | |- | Omar al Sharif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1490 | 1500 | |- | Muhammad bin Isma’il |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1500 | 1529 | Portuguese protectorate hõre ta a 15 Afrilu 1515. |- | Barakat bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1529 | 1560 | |- | Abdulla bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1560 | 1624 | |} === Daular Yaruba (1624-1779) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Nasir bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1624 | 1649 | |- | Sultan bin Saif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1649 | 1679 | Yaren kasar Fotigal ya kare da korar su ranar 1 ga Janairu 1650. |- | Bil'arab bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1679 | 1692 | |- | Saif bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1692 | 1711 | |- | Sultan bin Saif II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1711 | 1718 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1718 | 1719 | |- | Muhanna bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1719 | 1720 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1720 | 1722 | Sarauta ta biyu |- | Ya'arab bin Bel'arab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1722 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1724 | Mulkin na uku |- | Muhammad bin Nasir |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1724 | 1728 | Ba dan kungiyar daular ba |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1742 | Mulkin na huxu; a farko a yankin bakin teku kawai |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1737 | Sarautar farko; a ciki |- | Sultan bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1742 | 1743 | |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1743 | 1749 | Sarauta ta biyu; a ciki |} == Jerin Sarakunan Musulunci == === Masarautar Al Said (1749 – zuwa yau) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Yuni 1749 | 15 Disamba 1783 | Daga 1744 a yankin gabar teku |- | Inji Bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 15 Disamba 1783 | 1784 | Malean ƙarshe kai tsaye na zuriyar Bu Bu Said ya riƙe matsayin Imam. Ya yi wa dansa Hamad izinin duniya kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa Rustaq inda ya mutu a shekara ta 1803. |- | Hamad bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1784 | 13 Maris 1792 | |- | Sultan bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 13 Maris 1792 | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | |- | Salim bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | rowspan="2" | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | rowspan="2" | 14 Satumba 1806 | rowspan="2" | Masu Hadin gwiwa |- | Said bin Sultan | rowspan="2" |[[File:Said_Bin_Sultan.jpg|126x126px]] |- | Said II bin Sultan | 14 Satumba 1806 | 19 Oktoba 1856 | Mai Mulki |- | Thuwaini bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 19 Oktoba 1856 | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | An kashe |- | Salim II bin Thuwaini |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | 3 Oktoba 1868 | An ƙaddara |- | Azzan bin Qais |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 3 Oktoba 1868 | 30 Janairu 1871 | An kashe |- | Turki bin Said |[[File:Turki_ibn_Said.jpg|132x132px]] | 30 Janairu 1871 | 4 Yuni 1888 | |- | Faisal bin Turki |[[File:Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg|164x164px]] | 4 Yuni 1888 | 9 Oktoba 1913 | An sanya dokar kariya a Burtaniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 1891. <ref>See [[Persian Gulf Residency]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Oman.html Oman]</ref> |- | Taimur bin Feisal |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 9 Oktoba 1913 | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | An karɓa |- | III bin Taimur ya ce |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | 23 Yuli 1970 | Inaddamar da juyin mulkin Omani a 1970 . |- | Qaboos bin Said |[[File:السلطان_قابوس.jpg|131x131px]] | 23 Yuli 1970 | 10 Janairu 2020 | Kungiyar kare hakkin mallaka ta Biritaniya ta kare a ranar 2 ga Disamba 1971. |- | Haitham bin Tariq Al Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Janairu 2020 | Ba shi da tushe | |- |} == Nasara == Qaboos bashi da yaya kuma bashi da yan'uwa; akwai wasu maza ahali na gidan sarautar Oman wadanda suka hada da kawunnan sa da iyalan su. Using same-generation [[primogeniture]], the successor to Qaboos would appear to be the children of his late uncle, Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said, Oman's first prime minister before the sultan took over the position himself (and his former father-in-law).<ref>[https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html#I12 HH Prince Sayyid Tarik bin Taimur al-Said] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150701041221/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html Archived] 1 July 2015 at the [[Wayback Machine]]. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved on 14 July 2011.</ref> Oman watchers believe the top contenders to succeed Qaboos are three of Tariq's sons: [[Asa'ad bin Tariq bin Taimur al Said|Assad bin Tariq Al Said]], Deputy Prime Minister<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2017/0417/In-Oman-a-train-of-succession-mystery-Who-follows-Qaboos "In Oman, a train-of-succession mystery: Who follows Qaboos?"]. 17 April 2017 &#x2013; via Christian Science Monitor.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> for International Relations and Cooperation<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.royalark.net/Oman/oman9.htm "oman9"]. ''royalark.net''.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> and the Sultan’s special representative; Shihab bin Tariq, a retired naval commander; and [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]], the Minister of Heritage and National Culture.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://muscatconfidential.blogspot.com/2010/10/question-of-succession.html "The Question of Succession"]. Muscat Confidential<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50902476 "Sultan Qaboos of Oman dies aged 79"]. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Oman state TV said authorities had opened the letter by Sultan Qaboos bin Said naming his successor, announcing shortly that [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]] is the country’s ruling sultan.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://apnews.com/9ca4a9910ede3e11b2fbf085189e628b "Oman names culture minister as successor to Sultan Qaboos"]. ''AP NEWS''. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> == Matsayi na Sarkin Musulmi == <gallery class="center"> File:Royal Standard of Oman.svg|<nowiki> </nowiki>Tambarin Mai alfarma Sarkin Musulmin Oman. </gallery> == Manazarta == ; Gaba ki daya * "Oman's Rulers Through History (Pre-Islam – 12th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2011-06-22 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "Oman's Rulers Through History (13th Century AD – 18th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-09-26 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "The Al Bu Said Dynasty" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-05-12 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . ; Musamman {{Reflist|20em}} == Tarihi == * Salil-Ibn Razik (2004) [First published 1871]. الشعاع الشائع باللمعان في ذكر أئمة عمان [History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman]. trans. Reverend George Percy Badger. Kessinger Publishing. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4179-4787-4</nowiki>. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Buyers, Christopher. "Oman". The Royal Ark: Royal and Ruling Houses of Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas. Retrieved 2010-08-08. fk8v768qgsd2k3bg5egexcdh6p87vyr 890527 890526 2026-08-02T10:42:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 890527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarakunan Musulmi na Oman''' sune sarakuna kuma [[Shugaban kasa|shugabannin kasar]] [[Oman]]. Wanda kuma shi ne mafi girman matsayi a kasar. Sarakunan Oman membobi ne daga asalin daular Al Said, wanda kuma sune dangi na gidan dake sarautar [[Oman]] tun daga tsakiyar karni na 18. Tun daga 11 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said ne sultan na yanzu. == Jerin Imamai (751-180) == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" |Imamai ! rowspan="2" |Kabila ! rowspan="2" |Mazauni ! rowspan="2" |Fara mulki ! rowspan="2" |Karin bayani |- !Tarjamar sunaye a larabci !Sunaye a [[Larabci]] |- |Al-Julanda bin Mas'ood | align="right" |الجلندى بن مسعود |Azd |? |751 | |- |Mohammed bin Abi Affan | align="right" |محمد بن أبي عفان |Azd |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Warith bin Ka'ab | align="right" |الوارث بن كعب |Yahmad |Nizwa |801 | |- |Ghassan bin Abdullah | align="right" |غسان بن عبد الله |Yahmad |Nizwa |807 | |- |Abdulmalik bin Humaid | align="right" |عبد المالك بن حميد |Azd |? |824 | |- |Al-Muhanna bin Jayfar | align="right" |المهنا بن جيفر |Yahmad |Nizwa |840 | |- |Al-Salt bin Malik | align="right" |الصلت بن مالك |Azd |? |851 | |- |Rashid bin Al-Nadhar | align="right" |راشد بن النظر |? |? |886 | |- |Azzan bin Tamim | align="right" |عزان بن تميم |? |Nizwa |890 | |- |Mohammed bin Al-Hassan | align="right" |محمد بن الحسن |Azd |? |897 | |- |Azzan bin Al-Hazbar | align="right" |عزان بن الهزبر |Yahmad |? |898 | |- |Abdullah bin Mohammed | align="right" |عبد الله بن محمد |? |? |899 | |- |Al-Salt bin Al-Qasim | align="right" |الصلت بن القاسم |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Husn bin Said | align="right" |الحسن بن سعيد |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Hawari bin Matraf | align="right" |الحواري بن مطرف |? |? |904 | |- |Omar bin Mohammed | align="right" |عمر بن محمد |? |? |912 | |- |Mohammed bin Yazid | align="right" |محمد بن يزيد |Kinda |? |? | |- |Al-Hakm bin Al-Milaa Al-Bahri | align="right" |الحكم بن الملا البحري |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Said bin Abdullah | align="right" |سعيد بن عبد الله |? |? |939 | |- |Rashid bin Waleed | align="right" |راشد بن الوليد |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Khalil bin Shadhan | align="right" |الخليل بن شاذان |? |? |1002 | |- |Rashid bin Said | align="right" |راشد بن سعيد |? |? |1032 | |- |Hafs bin Rashid | align="right" |حفص بن راشد |? |? |1068 | |- |Rashid bin Ali | align="right" |راشد بن علي |? |? |1054 | |- |Musa bin Jabir | align="right" |ابن جابر موسى |? |Nizwa |1154 | |- |Salim bin Rashid Al Kharusi | align="right" | |Azdi, Yamani, Qahtani |? |1331 - 1338 | |- |Malik bin Aly | align="right" |مالك بن علي |? |? |1406 | |} == Jerin Imamai (1406–1749) == === Daular Nabhani (1406-11624) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Farawa daga ! ƙarshen sarauta ! Bayanan kula (lura) |- | Makhzum bin al Fallah |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1406 | 1435 | |- | Abul Hassan na Oman |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1435 | 1451 | |- | Omar bin al Khattab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1451 | 1490 | |- | Omar al Sharif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1490 | 1500 | |- | Muhammad bin Isma’il |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1500 | 1529 | Portuguese protectorate hõre ta a 15 Afrilu 1515. |- | Barakat bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1529 | 1560 | |- | Abdulla bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1560 | 1624 | |} === Daular Yaruba (1624-1779) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Nasir bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1624 | 1649 | |- | Sultan bin Saif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1649 | 1679 | Yaren kasar Fotigal ya kare da korar su ranar 1 ga Janairu 1650. |- | Bil'arab bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1679 | 1692 | |- | Saif bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1692 | 1711 | |- | Sultan bin Saif II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1711 | 1718 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1718 | 1719 | |- | Muhanna bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1719 | 1720 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1720 | 1722 | Sarauta ta biyu |- | Ya'arab bin Bel'arab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1722 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1724 | Mulkin na uku |- | Muhammad bin Nasir |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1724 | 1728 | Ba dan kungiyar daular ba |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1742 | Mulkin na huxu; a farko a yankin bakin teku kawai |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1737 | Sarautar farko; a ciki |- | Sultan bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1742 | 1743 | |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1743 | 1749 | Sarauta ta biyu; a ciki |} == Jerin Sarakunan Musulunci == === Masarautar Al Said (1749 – zuwa yau) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Yuni 1749 | 15 Disamba 1783 | Daga 1744 a yankin gabar teku |- | Inji Bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 15 Disamba 1783 | 1784 | Malean ƙarshe kai tsaye na zuriyar Bu Bu Said ya riƙe matsayin Imam. Ya yi wa dansa Hamad izinin duniya kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa Rustaq inda ya mutu a shekara ta 1803. |- | Hamad bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1784 | 13 Maris 1792 | |- | Sultan bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 13 Maris 1792 | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | |- | Salim bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | rowspan="2" | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | rowspan="2" | 14 Satumba 1806 | rowspan="2" | Masu Hadin gwiwa |- | Said bin Sultan | rowspan="2" |[[File:Said_Bin_Sultan.jpg|126x126px]] |- | Said II bin Sultan | 14 Satumba 1806 | 19 Oktoba 1856 | Mai Mulki |- | Thuwaini bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 19 Oktoba 1856 | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | An kashe |- | Salim II bin Thuwaini |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | 3 Oktoba 1868 | An ƙaddara |- | Azzan bin Qais |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 3 Oktoba 1868 | 30 Janairu 1871 | An kashe |- | Turki bin Said |[[File:Turki_ibn_Said.jpg|132x132px]] | 30 Janairu 1871 | 4 Yuni 1888 | |- | Faisal bin Turki |[[File:Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg|164x164px]] | 4 Yuni 1888 | 9 Oktoba 1913 | An sanya dokar kariya a Burtaniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 1891. <ref>See [[Persian Gulf Residency]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Oman.html Oman]</ref> |- | Taimur bin Feisal |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 9 Oktoba 1913 | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | An karɓa |- | III bin Taimur ya ce |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | 23 Yuli 1970 | Inaddamar da juyin mulkin Omani a 1970 . |- | Qaboos bin Said |[[File:السلطان_قابوس.jpg|131x131px]] | 23 Yuli 1970 | 10 Janairu 2020 | Kungiyar kare hakkin mallaka ta Biritaniya ta kare a ranar 2 ga Disamba 1971. |- | Haitham bin Tariq Al Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Janairu 2020 | Ba shi da tushe | |- |} == Nasara == Qaboos bashi da yaya kuma bashi da yan'uwa; akwai wasu maza ahali na gidan sarautar Oman wadanda suka hada da kawunnan sa da iyalan su. Using same-generation [[primogeniture]], the successor to Qaboos would appear to be the children of his late uncle, Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said, Oman's first prime minister before the sultan took over the position himself (and his former father-in-law).<ref>[https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html#I12 HH Prince Sayyid Tarik bin Taimur al-Said] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150701041221/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html Archived] 1 July 2015 at the [[Wayback Machine]]. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved on 14 July 2011.</ref> Oman watchers believe the top contenders to succeed Qaboos are three of Tariq's sons: [[Asa'ad bin Tariq bin Taimur al Said|Assad bin Tariq Al Said]], Deputy Prime Minister<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2017/0417/In-Oman-a-train-of-succession-mystery-Who-follows-Qaboos "In Oman, a train-of-succession mystery: Who follows Qaboos?"]. 17 April 2017 &#x2013; via Christian Science Monitor.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> for International Relations and Cooperation<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.royalark.net/Oman/oman9.htm "oman9"]. ''royalark.net''.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> and the Sultan’s special representative; Shihab bin Tariq, a retired naval commander; and [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]], the Minister of Heritage and National Culture.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://muscatconfidential.blogspot.com/2010/10/question-of-succession.html "The Question of Succession"]. Muscat Confidential<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50902476 "Sultan Qaboos of Oman dies aged 79"]. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Oman state TV said authorities had opened the letter by Sultan Qaboos bin Said naming his successor, announcing shortly that [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]] is the country’s ruling sultan.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://apnews.com/9ca4a9910ede3e11b2fbf085189e628b "Oman names culture minister as successor to Sultan Qaboos"]. ''AP NEWS''. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> == Matsayi na Sarkin Musulmi == <gallery class="center"> File:Royal Standard of Oman.svg|<nowiki> </nowiki>Tambarin Mai alfarma Sarkin Musulmin Oman. </gallery> ; Gaba ki daya * "Oman's Rulers Through History (Pre-Islam – 12th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2011-06-22 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "Oman's Rulers Through History (13th Century AD – 18th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-09-26 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "The Al Bu Said Dynasty" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-05-12 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . ; Musamm == Manazarta == {{Reflist|20em}} == Tarihi == * Salil-Ibn Razik (2004) [First published 1871]. الشعاع الشائع باللمعان في ذكر أئمة عمان [History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman]. trans. Reverend George Percy Badger. Kessinger Publishing. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4179-4787-4</nowiki>. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Buyers, Christopher. "Oman". The Royal Ark: Royal and Ruling Houses of Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas. Retrieved 2010-08-08. karpjvs9we18nb4zcsvr3su62evb4m1 890528 890527 2026-08-02T10:43:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 890528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarakunan Musulmi na Oman''' sune sarakuna kuma [[Shugaban kasa|shugabannin kasar]] [[Oman]]. Wanda kuma shi ne mafi girman matsayi a kasar. Sarakunan Oman membobi ne daga asalin daular Al Said, wanda kuma sune dangi na gidan dake sarautar [[Oman]] tun daga tsakiyar karni na 18. Tun daga 11 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said ne sultan na yanzu. == Jerin Imamai (751-180) == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" |Imamai ! rowspan="2" |Kabila ! rowspan="2" |Mazauni ! rowspan="2" |Fara mulki ! rowspan="2" |Karin bayani |- !Tarjamar sunaye a larabci !Sunaye a [[Larabci]] |- |Al-Julanda bin Mas'ood | align="right" |الجلندى بن مسعود |Azd |? |751 | |- |Mohammed bin Abi Affan | align="right" |محمد بن أبي عفان |Azd |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Warith bin Ka'ab | align="right" |الوارث بن كعب |Yahmad |Nizwa |801 | |- |Ghassan bin Abdullah | align="right" |غسان بن عبد الله |Yahmad |Nizwa |807 | |- |Abdulmalik bin Humaid | align="right" |عبد المالك بن حميد |Azd |? |824 | |- |Al-Muhanna bin Jayfar | align="right" |المهنا بن جيفر |Yahmad |Nizwa |840 | |- |Al-Salt bin Malik | align="right" |الصلت بن مالك |Azd |? |851 | |- |Rashid bin Al-Nadhar | align="right" |راشد بن النظر |? |? |886 | |- |Azzan bin Tamim | align="right" |عزان بن تميم |? |Nizwa |890 | |- |Mohammed bin Al-Hassan | align="right" |محمد بن الحسن |Azd |? |897 | |- |Azzan bin Al-Hazbar | align="right" |عزان بن الهزبر |Yahmad |? |898 | |- |Abdullah bin Mohammed | align="right" |عبد الله بن محمد |? |? |899 | |- |Al-Salt bin Al-Qasim | align="right" |الصلت بن القاسم |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Husn bin Said | align="right" |الحسن بن سعيد |? |? |900 | |- |Al-Hawari bin Matraf | align="right" |الحواري بن مطرف |? |? |904 | |- |Omar bin Mohammed | align="right" |عمر بن محمد |? |? |912 | |- |Mohammed bin Yazid | align="right" |محمد بن يزيد |Kinda |? |? | |- |Al-Hakm bin Al-Milaa Al-Bahri | align="right" |الحكم بن الملا البحري |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Said bin Abdullah | align="right" |سعيد بن عبد الله |? |? |939 | |- |Rashid bin Waleed | align="right" |راشد بن الوليد |? |Nizwa |? | |- |Al-Khalil bin Shadhan | align="right" |الخليل بن شاذان |? |? |1002 | |- |Rashid bin Said | align="right" |راشد بن سعيد |? |? |1032 | |- |Hafs bin Rashid | align="right" |حفص بن راشد |? |? |1068 | |- |Rashid bin Ali | align="right" |راشد بن علي |? |? |1054 | |- |Musa bin Jabir | align="right" |ابن جابر موسى |? |Nizwa |1154 | |- |Salim bin Rashid Al Kharusi | align="right" | |Azdi, Yamani, Qahtani |? |1331 - 1338 | |- |Malik bin Aly | align="right" |مالك بن علي |? |? |1406 | |} == Jerin Imamai (1406–1749) == === Daular Nabhani (1406-11624) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Farawa daga ! ƙarshen sarauta ! Bayanan kula (lura) |- | Makhzum bin al Fallah |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1406 | 1435 | |- | Abul Hassan na Oman |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1435 | 1451 | |- | Omar bin al Khattab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1451 | 1490 | |- | Omar al Sharif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1490 | 1500 | |- | Muhammad bin Isma’il |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1500 | 1529 | Portuguese protectorate hõre ta a 15 Afrilu 1515. |- | Barakat bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1529 | 1560 | |- | Abdulla bin Muhammad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1560 | 1624 | |} === Daular Yaruba (1624-1779) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Nasir bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1624 | 1649 | |- | Sultan bin Saif |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1649 | 1679 | Yaren kasar Fotigal ya kare da korar su ranar 1 ga Janairu 1650. |- | Bil'arab bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1679 | 1692 | |- | Saif bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1692 | 1711 | |- | Sultan bin Saif II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1711 | 1718 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1718 | 1719 | |- | Muhanna bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1719 | 1720 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1720 | 1722 | Sarauta ta biyu |- | Ya'arab bin Bel'arab |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1722 | |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1722 | 1724 | Mulkin na uku |- | Muhammad bin Nasir |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1724 | 1728 | Ba dan kungiyar daular ba |- | Saif bin Sultan II |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1742 | Mulkin na huxu; a farko a yankin bakin teku kawai |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1728 | 1737 | Sarautar farko; a ciki |- | Sultan bin Murshid |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1742 | 1743 | |- | Bal'arab bin Himyar |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1743 | 1749 | Sarauta ta biyu; a ciki |} == Jerin Sarakunan Musulunci == === Masarautar Al Said (1749 – zuwa yau) === {| class="wikitable" ! Suna ! Hoto ! Canza fara ! Sarauta ƙarshen ! Bayanan kula |- | Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Yuni 1749 | 15 Disamba 1783 | Daga 1744 a yankin gabar teku |- | Inji Bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 15 Disamba 1783 | 1784 | Malean ƙarshe kai tsaye na zuriyar Bu Bu Said ya riƙe matsayin Imam. Ya yi wa dansa Hamad izinin duniya kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa Rustaq inda ya mutu a shekara ta 1803. |- | Hamad bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 1784 | 13 Maris 1792 | |- | Sultan bin Ahmad |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 13 Maris 1792 | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | |- | Salim bin Sultan |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | rowspan="2" | 20 Nuwamba 1804 | rowspan="2" | 14 Satumba 1806 | rowspan="2" | Masu Hadin gwiwa |- | Said bin Sultan | rowspan="2" |[[File:Said_Bin_Sultan.jpg|126x126px]] |- | Said II bin Sultan | 14 Satumba 1806 | 19 Oktoba 1856 | Mai Mulki |- | Thuwaini bin Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 19 Oktoba 1856 | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | An kashe |- | Salim II bin Thuwaini |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Fabrairu 1866 | 3 Oktoba 1868 | An ƙaddara |- | Azzan bin Qais |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 3 Oktoba 1868 | 30 Janairu 1871 | An kashe |- | Turki bin Said |[[File:Turki_ibn_Said.jpg|132x132px]] | 30 Janairu 1871 | 4 Yuni 1888 | |- | Faisal bin Turki |[[File:Faysal_bin_Turki.jpg|164x164px]] | 4 Yuni 1888 | 9 Oktoba 1913 | An sanya dokar kariya a Burtaniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 1891. <ref>See [[Persian Gulf Residency]]</ref> <ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Oman.html Oman]</ref> |- | Taimur bin Feisal |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 9 Oktoba 1913 | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | An karɓa |- | III bin Taimur ya ce |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 10 Fabrairu 1932 | 23 Yuli 1970 | Inaddamar da juyin mulkin Omani a 1970 . |- | Qaboos bin Said |[[File:السلطان_قابوس.jpg|131x131px]] | 23 Yuli 1970 | 10 Janairu 2020 | Kungiyar kare hakkin mallaka ta Biritaniya ta kare a ranar 2 ga Disamba 1971. |- | Haitham bin Tariq Al Said |[[File:No_image.png|90x90px]] | 11 Janairu 2020 | Ba shi da tushe | |- |} == Nasara == Qaboos bashi da yaya kuma bashi da yan'uwa; akwai wasu maza ahali na gidan sarautar Oman wadanda suka hada da kawunnan sa da iyalan su. Using same-generation [[primogeniture]], the successor to Qaboos would appear to be the children of his late uncle, Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur Al Said, Oman's first prime minister before the sultan took over the position himself (and his former father-in-law).<ref>[https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html#I12 HH Prince Sayyid Tarik bin Taimur al-Said] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150701041221/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/oman/i12.html Archived] 1 July 2015 at the [[Wayback Machine]]. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved on 14 July 2011.</ref> Oman watchers believe the top contenders to succeed Qaboos are three of Tariq's sons: [[Asa'ad bin Tariq bin Taimur al Said|Assad bin Tariq Al Said]], Deputy Prime Minister<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2017/0417/In-Oman-a-train-of-succession-mystery-Who-follows-Qaboos "In Oman, a train-of-succession mystery: Who follows Qaboos?"]. 17 April 2017 &#x2013; via Christian Science Monitor.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> for International Relations and Cooperation<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.royalark.net/Oman/oman9.htm "oman9"]. ''royalark.net''.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> and the Sultan’s special representative; Shihab bin Tariq, a retired naval commander; and [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]], the Minister of Heritage and National Culture.<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://muscatconfidential.blogspot.com/2010/10/question-of-succession.html "The Question of Succession"]. Muscat Confidential<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref><ref><cite class="citation news">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50902476 "Sultan Qaboos of Oman dies aged 79"]. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Oman state TV said authorities had opened the letter by Sultan Qaboos bin Said naming his successor, announcing shortly that [[Haitham bin Tariq Al Said]] is the country’s ruling sultan.<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://apnews.com/9ca4a9910ede3e11b2fbf085189e628b "Oman names culture minister as successor to Sultan Qaboos"]. ''AP NEWS''. 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> == Matsayi na Sarkin Musulmi == <gallery class="center"> File:Royal Standard of Oman.svg|<nowiki> </nowiki>Tambarin Mai alfarma Sarkin Musulmin Oman. </gallery> ; Gaba ki daya * "Oman's Rulers Through History (Pre-Islam – 12th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2011-06-22 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "Oman's Rulers Through History (13th Century AD – 18th Century AD)" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-09-26 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . * "The Al Bu Said Dynasty" . Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Sarkin Musulmi na Oman. An makale daga asalin a 2010-05-12 . Da aka dawo da shi 2010-07-19 . ; Musamm == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|20em}} == Tarihi == * Salil-Ibn Razik (2004) [First published 1871]. الشعاع الشائع باللمعان في ذكر أئمة عمان [History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman]. trans. Reverend George Percy Badger. Kessinger Publishing. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4179-4787-4</nowiki>. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Buyers, Christopher. "Oman". The Royal Ark: Royal and Ruling Houses of Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas. Retrieved 2010-08-08. o0yavp5lw0u0l7yqxu6cxndbsii51ct 0 13019 890262 870070 2026-08-01T19:37:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Tuwo.jpg|thumb|Tuwon shinkafa da miyar taushe, muhimmin [[Abinci]] a tsakanin Hausawa da wasu kabilu musamman na Kudancin kasar [[Nijar]] da [[Arewacin Najeriya]].]] [[Fayil:Miyar wake.jpg|thumb|Tuwon shinkafa miyan wake]] [[Fayil:Tuwo Shinkafa with Mia Kuka and Beef.jpg|thumb|tuwon shinkafa]] '''Tuwon shinkafa''' tuwon shinkafa dai yana cikin kalar abincin mutanen [[Arewacin Najeriya]] wato [[Hausawa]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/fufu-recipes/tuwo-shinkafa.html | title=How to make Tuwon Shinkafa (Rice Fufu) | publisher=All Nigerian Recipes | date= | accessdate=6 July 2015 | archive-date=7 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707073554/http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/fufu-recipes/tuwo-shinkafa.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana daga cikin nau'ikan [[tuwo]]. Sai dai shi ana yin sa ne da [[shinkafa]]. Ana haɗa shi da [[Miyar Kuka|miyar kuka]] ko miyar taushe ko miyar [[kubewa|kuɓewa]] wajen ci.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/2014/08/tuwo-shinkafa-tuwon-shinkafa-made-from.html?m=1 | title=Tuwo Shinkafa (Tuwon Shinkafa) - made from Raw rice and also with Rice flour | publisher=Nigerian FoodTV | date=23 August 2014 | accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref>. Wato tuwon shinkafa yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin gargajiya, saboda shi ma akan haɗa shi da garin masara wani sa’in. Amma mafi akasari wasu ba sa sa wa, sannan sunan tuwon shinkafa ya samo asali ne daga shinkafar da ake yinsa da ita. Kuma duk [[Najeriya]] ko a ina suna amfani da ita. Akan ci shi da kowace irin miya, amma an fi cin shi da miyar taushe.<ref>https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/13931115-tuwon-shinkafa?via=search&search_term=tuwon%20shinkafa</ref><ref>https://cookpad.com/ng/recipes/13692517-tuwon-shinkafa?via=search&search_term=tuwon%20shinkafa</ref><ref>https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html</ref> ==Kayan Haɗi== Shinkafar Tuwo Ruwa<ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/fufu-recipes/tuwo-shinkafa/</ref> ==Yadda ake haɗawa == za a wanke shinkafar a zuba ruwa a tukunya idan ya tafasa sai a zuba shinkafar idan shinkafar ta dahu sosai sai a dauko muciya aci gaba da tuƙawa har sai ta koma tuwo sannan sai a rufe ta ɗan kara silala<ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/fufu-recipes/tuwo-shinkafa/</ref> sai a kwashe ana ci da miyan kuɓewa, taushe, ogbono da sauran su == Bibiliyo == * Adamu, Abdalla Uba, 1956-, Adamu, Yusuf Muhammad., Jibril, Umar Faruk. ''Hausa home videos : technology, economy and society''. Kano, Nigeria: Center for Hausa Cultural Studies. 2004. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-36906-0-4|<bdi>978-36906-0-4</bdi>]].[[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;61158034. * Abubakar Aliyu Mohammed. Cultural Torism. [[ISBN]]:978-978-087-937-2 == Procedure == * A wanke shinkafar sosai kuma a zubar da kyau. * Ki zuba ruwa a tukunya ki kawo shi ya tafasa. * Zuba shinkafar da aka wanke a cikin ruwan zãfi. * Rage zafi kuma a yi zafi har sai ruwan ya cika kuma shinkafar ta zama mai laushi da ma. Idan shinkafar ta kasance da ƙarfi,sai a ƙara ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata kuma ci gaba da dafa abinci. * Da zarar shinkafar ta yi laushi, sai a yi amfani da spatula don murƙushe ta sosai har sai ta zama daidaitaccen kullu. * Gyara shinkafar da aka daskare ta zama siffar da ake so ta amfani da akwati, ko kunsa ta cikin nailan don riƙe siffar. * Ku bauta wa da zafi tare da miya da kuka fi so. == See also ==   * A wanke shinkafar sosai kuma a zubar da kyau. * Ki zuba ruwa a tukunya ki kawo shi ya tafasa. * Zuba shinkafar da aka wanke a cikin ruwan zãfi. * Rage zafi kuma a yi zafi har sai ruwan ya cika kuma shinkafar ta zama mai laushi da m. Idan shinkafar ta kasance da ƙarfi,sai a ƙara ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata kuma ci gaba da dafa abinci. * Da zarar shinkafar ta yi laushi, sai a yi amfani da spatula don murƙushe ta sosai har sai ta zama daidaitaccen kullu. Gyara shinkafar da aka daskare ta zama siffar da ake so ta amfani da akwati, ko kunsa ta cikin nailan don riƙe siffar. * Ku bauta wa da zafi tare da miya da kuka fi so. * [[Abincin Najeriya]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Abinci]] == Yadda ake girkawa == * Ƙara ruwa a cikin tukunya kuma ka kawo shi ka barshi ya tafasa. * Sanya shinkafa da aka wanke a cikin tafasheshen ruwan * Rage zafin wutan har sai ruwa ya cika kuma shinkafa tayi laushi da manne. Idan shinkafa ta kasance mai ƙarfi, sai a ƙara ƙarin ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata kuma ci gaba da dafa abinci. * Da zarar shinkafa ta kasance mai taushi, yi amfani da muciya don tukashi sosai har sai ya zama mai santsi, mai kama da gurasar. * Gyara shinkafa da aka dafa a cikin siffar da ake so ta amfani , ko rufe shi da leda don riƙe siffar. * Kaci shi da miyar da kakeso. == __LEAD_SECTION__ == '''Tuwon [[shinkafa]]''' wani nau'in abinci ne [[Abincin Najeriya|a]] [[Abincin Nijar|Naijeriya]] kuma ana kawo shinkafar daga [[Najeriya]] , [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date= |title=How to make Tuwon Shinkafa (Rice Fufu) |url=http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/fufu-recipes/tuwo-shinkafa.html |access-date=6 July 2015 |publisher=All Nigerian Recipes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cuisine of Nigeria: Tuwo shinkafa |url=https://trek.zone/en/nigeria/cuisine/tuwo-shinkafa |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Trek Zone |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Delicious Delicacies, North of the Niger |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/three-delicious-delicacies-north-of-the-niger/NwXRvl_Nzd1jLw |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> Kyakkyawan abunci ne mai laushi aka shirya daga shinkafa ta gida wanda yake da taushi kuma mai mannewa, kuma yawanci ana ba da shi tare da nau'ikan miya daban-daban kamar [[Miyar kuka|miyan kuka]] da [[Miyar taushe|Miyan taushe]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Ed |date=2020-03-30 |title=How to Prepare Tuwo Shinkafa and Miyan Taushe |url=https://www.royacshop.com/2797-how-to-prepare-tuwo-shinkafa-and-miyan-taushe.html |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Royac Shop |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Simple Way to Make Ultimate Tuwon shinkafa d miyar kuka {{!}} Quick and Easy Recipes |url=https://familycooking.pages.dev/menu2/1441-simple-way-to-make-ultimate-tuwon-shinkafa-d-miyar-kuka/ |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=familycooking.pages.dev}}</ref> Bambance-bambance guda biyu da aka yi daga [[masara]] da garin [[Dawa|sorghum]] ana kiransu [[Tuwon masara|kawon masara]] da tuwon dawa (wanda aka yi da [[Dawa|sorghum]]), .<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2014 |title=Tuwo Shinkafa (Tuwon Shinkafa) - made from Raw rice and also with Rice flour |url=http://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/2014/08/tuwo-shinkafa-tuwon-shinkafa-made-from.html?m=1 |access-date=6 July 2015 |publisher=Nigerian FoodTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=How to Make Tuwon Dawa: Nigerian Guinea Corn Fufu |url=https://9jafoods.com/how-to-make-tuwon-dawa-nigerian-guinea-corn-fufu/ |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=9jafoods |language=en-GB}}</ref> 7joic2k5um9wpmr8u77ryk2z1ezzgp5 0 13572 890295 886082 2026-08-01T20:38:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Usman Baba Pategi (20 ga Mayu 1942 - 12 ga Nuwamba 2023), wanda aka fi sani da Samanja Mazan Fama, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya. Tare da Yusuf Ladan, Mamman Ladan da Idi Jibril, ma'aikatan NTA sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Hausa da aka sani yanzu da Kannywood, fina-finai na Arewacin Najeriya ko fina-fukkuna na Hausa a cikin shekarun 1980 ga masu sauraron Arewa.[1][2][3] == The acting career == Galibi yana bayyana a matsayin ɗan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi fim, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce ''saboda ƙwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da yadda suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni'' a nan ne sunan (Samanja) ya fito, kamar yadda Sajan da Manjo suka fito saboda iko da kuma umarnin oda kuma ya ce wasan kwaikwayo yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki da farin ciki shi ya sa ya yi ritaya ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Usman Baba [[Pategi]] a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1942, a cikin gidan sarauta na Pategi Emirate a Pategi, Arewacin Najeriya . Shi dan Etsu Usman Patako ne marigayi Sarkin Pategi. Ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta Pategi sannan ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Ilorin. Daga baya ya tafi Kaduna ya zauna tare da kawunsa Alhaji Audu Bida wanda ya zama mataimakinsa a gida. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da sashen ayyukan jama'a a cikin shagon injiniya, kafin ya shiga [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Arewa]], (NBC) a Kaduna . Pategi ya shiga Sojojin Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1960 inda wani kyaftin din Sojoji a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] ya zo neman matasa a Arewacin Najeriya don ba da gudummawa. Ya bar Kamfanin Watsa Labarai don shiga soja kuma ya horar da shi a Makarantar Horar da Sigina, [[Apapa]] . Ya yi aiki a karkashin Janar [[Sani Abacha]] da Janar Sani Sami . Daga baya ya yi ritaya a 1985 kuma ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|FRCN]] Kaduna inda ya kuma ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta fina-finai. Yawancin lokaci an san shi da ''Samanja Maza Fama'', ma'ana Sergeant-Major (SerMajor) saboda kwarewar da ya samu a aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiya, Aisha Mohammed |first= |date=2016 |title=Nigeria: I Get Story Ideas From My Dreams - Samanja |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201601111537.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Allafrica}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ya kasance a Indiya don tiyata don rashin lafiya na zuciya wanda daga baya Shugaban [[Dangote Group|Kungiyar Dangote]], Alhaji [[Aliko Dangote]], ya ba da rahoton N1.5 miliyan, wanda [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Rediyo na Tarayya na Najeriya]] (FRCN) ya ruwaito. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Husseni, Shuabu |first= |date=2011 |title=Help from Dangote for Samanja |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/47732/help-from-dangote-for-samanja.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Pategi na ɗaya daga cikin sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka sani da (Samanja) da Chika Apala da aka sani le (Zebrudaya) galibi a cikin masana'antun fina-finai kuma sun kasance baƙi masu daraja a abincin dare na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na fasaha a cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Fasaha ta Najeriya (NANTAP). == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Pategi wanda aka haife shi a cikin gidan sarauta na masarautar, shi ma magajin masarautar Etsu Pategi ne, amma ya bi aikin mafarkinsa; ya yi aiki bayan ya ba da rahoton cewa shi ne babban dan takarar mahaifinsa da babban kakansa kursiyin a matsayin Etsu Patégi, wani garin Nupe a yanzu [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] mahaifinsa shine Etsu Usman Patako, sarkin Pategi kuma kakansa ya gaji bayan mutuwarsa, ya yi niyyar zama ɗan'uwansa Chatta don ya bar kursiyin Um Baru saboda ya zama sarki. Yawancin lokaci ya bayyana a matsayin 'yan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun kuma ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin masana'antar fina-finai, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce saboda kwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da hanyar da suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni inda sunan (Samanja) ya zo, hanyar da Sergeant da Major saboda iko da umarni na matsayi kuma ya bayyana cewa yin aiki yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya yi ritaya kuma ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fi yin aiki a bikin Ranar Sojoji, har ma da wanda a matsayin Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] a [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da Aso Rock Presidential Villa, Abuja da na [[Maryam Abacha]] . Shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci da darektan ya fito a cikin shahararren fim din Hausa da aka sani da: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannyhood |first= |date=2016 |title=Usman Baba Pategi, Samanja |url=https://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Hausa film industry- Kannyhood |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060726/http://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Samanja * Yusuf's Ladan * Zaman Duniya Iyawa Ne Pategi ya sami shahara daga fim din Samanja, inda ya haɗu da Hausa / Turanci da Pidgin Turanci a hanyar da sojoji na Najeriya ke magana. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Pategi yana da mata uku da yara 20. Ya rasa daya daga cikin matansa Hajiya Maryam Baba yana da shekaru 46.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="126" href="./Kaduna_(city)" mw-redirect="" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kaduna (city)">Kaduna<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;23 March 2019<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Daily Trust]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en-GB<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;15 March 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw2w\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFAhmadu-SukaKaduna2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Ahmadu-Suka, Maryam; Kaduna (23 March 2019). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/tv-icon-samanja-loses-wife-2.html\" id=\"mw3A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"TV icon, 'Samanja' loses wife\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mw3Q\"><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"136\" href=\"./Daily_Trust\" id=\"mw3g\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Daily Trust\">Daily Trust</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw3w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw4A\">15 March</span></nowiki> 2020<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-12" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Usman_Baba_Pategi#cite_note-12 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Usman Baba Pategi ya mutu a Kaduna a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2023, yana da shekaru 81. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] eihm8vujgteenbbdx71mnkusdjyklzm 0 17456 890296 368904 2026-08-01T20:40:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kwamishinan ’Yan sanda (mai ritaya) Alhaji '''Usman Faruk''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da talatin da uku 1932A.C) Miladiyya. shi ne Gwamnan Soja na farko a Jihar Arewa-maso-Yamma a [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] daga shekara ta 1967 zuwa shekara ta 1975 bayan ya balle daga tsohuwar [[Arewacin Najeriya|Jihar Arewa]] a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] . Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] wanda ya karbi mulki a juyin mulki a ranar 29 ga Yulin shekara ta 1975 ne ya kore shi daga mukaminsa, sannan kuma ya ƙaddamar da binciken da ya same shi da laifin wadatar kansa ba bisa ka'ida ba lokacin da yake kan mulki. Daga baya gwamnatin [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]] ta mayar da shi bakin aiki bayan an wanke shi daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake masa, kuma an ba shi cikakken albashi da muƙamin ritaya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2010}} ya bar mulki jihar ta rabu zuwa [[Neja|jihar Neja]] da [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]] . <ref name="wstate" /> Ya wallafa wata kasida a shekarar 1988 wanda ya kai hari kan shirin kayyade yawan jama’a na kasa da gwamnatin mulkin sojan Najeriya ke yadawa. A cikin ta ya ce "Babu wani musulmin kirki da zai yarda da duk wani umarni na mutum wanda ya saba wa dokokin Allah." Ya ce yaduwar magungunan rigakafin ciki da na'urorin zai haifar da " girgizar kasa na rashin ladabi." Wannan ra'ayi, wanda aka saba da shi a Arewa, na iya taimakawa wajen yaduwar [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] . Ya goyi bayan kafa hukumar sayar da kayayyaki don gyara ko sarrafa farashin kayan gona da dabbobi kamar shanu, awaki da tumaki. Haka kuma hukumar za ta adana kayan amfanin gona a lokutan bukata, sannan za ta kafa kamfanonin sarrafa kayayyakin da za su lalace kamar tumatur da sauran kayan lambu. A wata hira da manema labarai a shekara ta 2006, ya ce rashin albashi da kayan aikin ‘yan sanda ba za a iya tabbatar da shi ba, kuma shi ne ya haddasa tabarbarewar tsaro a ƙasar. Usman Faruk ya samu lambar yabo ta kwamandan odar [[Umarnin Nijar|Niger]] (CON) daga gwamnatin [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] a watan Satumba 2006. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an kashe dansa na uku, Sufeto Abdulaziz Faruk, a lokacin tashin hankalin da kungiyar [[Boko Haram]] ta haddasa a [[Maiduguri]].<ref name=wstate>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |title=Nigerian States |publisher=WorldStatesmen |access-date=2010-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976) |author=Max Siollun |publisher=Algora Publishing |year=2009 |ISBN=0-87586-708-1 |page=186}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.missionislam.com/conissues/popcontrol.htm |publisher=Mission Islam |title=Population Control: Centrepiece of Imperialist Aggression Against the Muslim World |access-date=2010-01-05}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |url=http://friendsofnigeria.org/Newsletter_files/vol9_4.htm |title=Underlying Causes Of The Polio Vaccine Rejection In Northern Nigeria |publisher=Friends of Nigeria |author=Kuburah Hameedu |access-date=2010-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820110200/http://www.friendsofnigeria.org/Newsletter_files/vol9_4.htm |archive-date=2008-08-20 |url-status=dead }} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peoplesdaily-online.com/index.php/component/content/article/2511-ex-governor-advocates-commodity-marketing-boards-for-northern-produce |publisher=People's Daily |title=Ex-governor advocates commodity marketing boards for Northern produce |author=Mohammed Kawu |access-date=2010-01-05 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://odili.net/news/source/2006/mar/2/9.html |title=Ex-governor seeks better welfare for police |author=Auwal Ahmed |publisher=The Guardian |date=2 March 2006 |access-date=2010-01-05}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|date=2016-11-04|title=USMAN, Alh Faruk|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-usman-faruk-jarman-gombe/|access-date=2021-07-07|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/peac382009.html |title=Peace: Traders nationwide to collaborate with security agents |publisher=Daily Triumph |date=July 3, 2009 |access-date=2010-01-05 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717105133/http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/peac382009.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Sojoji]] [[Category:Sojojin Ruwa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Tsaro]] [[Category:Ta'adanci]] [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Sokoto]] md9sybq9jme3cgv2azplh249bv8npkj 0 18936 890077 443510 2026-08-01T12:11:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 890077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:International_Indian_School,_Dammam,_pic_2.jpg|alt=Boys and KG section|thumb|254x254px| '''Makarantar Indiya ta Duniya, Dammam''']] '''Makarantar Indiya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, Dammam''' (wacce a da ake kira Makarantar Ofishin Jakadancin Indiya) tana cikin Lardin Gabas, Saudi Arabia. Babban shugaban makarantar a yanzu Mista Zubair Ahmed Khan [2019]. Ita ce mafi girma dangane da yanki da kuma yawan ɗalibai a Gabas ta Tsakiya.{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Saudiyya]] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Indiya]] ei4zqucryzuc3b7ii6rr12x2wimksok 890078 890077 2026-08-01T12:11:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 890078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:International_Indian_School,_Dammam,_pic_2.jpg|alt=Boys and KG section|thumb|254x254px| '''Makarantar Indiya ta Duniya, Dammam''']] '''Makarantar Indiya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, Dammam''' (wacce a da ake kira Makarantar Ofishin Jakadancin Indiya) tana cikin Lardin Gabas, [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]]. Babban shugaban makarantar a yanzu Mista Zubair Ahmed Khan [2019]. Ita ce mafi girma dangane da yanki da kuma yawan ɗalibai a Gabas ta Tsakiya.{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Saudiyya]] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Indiya]] 7b3ajqxqihlmmqe5878yb0gef49uxhg 890079 890078 2026-08-01T12:11:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 890079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:International_Indian_School,_Dammam,_pic_2.jpg|alt=Boys and KG section|thumb|254x254px| '''Makarantar Indiya ta Duniya, Dammam''']] '''Makarantar Indiya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, Dammam''' (wacce a da ake kira Makarantar Ofishin Jakadancin [[Indiya]]) tana cikin Lardin Gabas, [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]]. Babban shugaban makarantar a yanzu Mista Zubair Ahmed Khan [2019]. Ita ce mafi girma dangane da yanki da kuma yawan ɗalibai a Gabas ta Tsakiya.{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Saudiyya]] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Indiya]] po0nhaviizks5xig00afg5o8v4d1llv 0 18959 890542 495395 2026-08-02T11:01:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 890542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Surah_Yusuf.png |thumb|Suratul Yusuf]] [[File:Al-Asr.svg |thumb| Suratul Al-Asr]] '''Surorin''' [[Makkah|Makka]] [[Surah|surori ne]] da [[Musulunci|Musulmai suka]] yi imani cewa an saukar wa Annabi [[Muhammad]] (SAW) lokacin da yake [[Makkah|Makka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://textminingthequran.com/wiki/Makki_and_Madani_Surahs|title=http://textminingthequran.com/wiki/Makki_and_Madani_Surahs|access-date=2019-08-03|archive-date=2010-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031192703/http://textminingthequran.com/wiki/Makki_and_Madani_Surahs|url-status=dead}}</ref> Galibi sun fi surorin Medinan gajarta kuma galibi ana sanya su a bayansu a cikin [[Al Kur'ani|Kur'ani mai girma]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bombaxo.com/chronsurs.html|title=Edgecomb, Kevin P. "Chronological Order of Quranic Surahs". Accessed 14 July 2013.|access-date=3 August 2019|archive-date=13 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113191410/http://www.bombaxo.com/chronsurs.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Musulunci]] [[Category:Saudiyya]] m8gwonk6g49kn0mx87p73atdmxt9ur5 0 20486 890084 654581 2026-08-01T12:15:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 890084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} Kanal (mai ritaya) '''Abubakar Dangiwa Umar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1949) ya kasance gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] daga watan Agusta na shekara ta (1985) zuwa watan Yuni name shekara( 1988 ) lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar( 1993 ), ya zama mai sukar zamantakewar al'umma kuma shi ne wanda ya ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Movement for Unity and Progress, jam'iyyar siyasa.<ref>Ibraheem Musa (18 August 2009). "Dikko's Appointment Violates Federal Character Dangiwa". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2010-05-31.</ref> == Haihuwa da ilimi == An haifi Umar a ranar (21) ga watan Satumban shekara ta (1949) a [[Birnin Kebbi]], [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] . Mahaifinsa malamin makaranta ne kuma mai gudanarwa ne da ake yiwa binda lakabin gargajiya na Wazirin Gwandu wanda ya zama memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Legas a shekara ta (1954 zuwa1964) da Kwamishinan Ayyuka a Jihar Arewa maso zuwaa a shekara ta (1968 zuwa1975). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]] a shekara ta(1964 zuwa1968), [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a shekara ta (1967 zuwa 1972), Makarantar Ba da Makamai ta Sojojin Najeriya, [[Ibadan]] a shekara ta (1972), Makarantar Gudanar da Sojojin Amurka, Fort Benjamin Harrison, [[Indiana]], Amurka 1976), Royal Armor School, Kentucky, USA a shekara ta (1977 zuwa1978), Command and Staff College, Jaji dashekara ta (1978 zuwa 1979 da 1982 - 1983), [[Jami'ar Bayero]], [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] a shekara ta (1979 zuwa 1981), Harvard University, USA a shekara ta (1988 - 1989) . == Aikin soja == Umar ya kuma shiga aikin sojan Najeriya a shekarar( 1967) kuma aka bashi mukamin Laftanal na biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta (1972). Ya rike mukamai daban-daban, aciki har da ADC ga Manjo Janar [[Hassan Usman Katsina]], Mataimakin Shugaban Ma’aikata, Hedikwatar Koli. An kuma nada Umara matsayin Babban Jami'i a Sashin Yammata, Hedikwatar Soja. A lokacin juyin mulkin ranar( 27) ga Agustan shekara ta( 1985) wanda Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] hau karagar mulki ya kasance Manjo kuma Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Tarayya a shekara ta (1984 zuwa 1985). Ya goyi bayan juyin mulkin, kuma bayan ya yi nasara an nada shi Gwamnan jihar Kaduna. Daga baya ya samu karin girma zuwa Laftanar Kanal. Umar ya kuma kasance Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Kaduna daga watan Satumban shekara ta (1985 zuwa Yunin shekarar 1988), a lokacin da kudade suka yi karanci. Dole ne ya yi fama da mummunan rikicin addini a cikin jihar a shekara ta (1987), ya zama ba shi da farin jini ga duk bangarorin rikicin. Ya ce "Idan kun ci nasara a yakin addini, ba za ku iya samun zaman lafiya na addini ba [. . . ] Tunda aka fara kisan kiristoci nawa ne suka musulunta? Musulmai nawa ne suka koma addinin kirista? Atisaye ne na banza ". A cikin shekara ta (1993 ), ya kasance Kanal kuma Kwamandan Armored Corps Center da Makaranta. Ya kasance mai adawa da soke zaben shugaban kasa na ranar (12) ga Yunin shekara ta( 1993), kuma ya fara neman goyon baya a tsakanin sojoji don naɗa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . A watan Oktoba, an tsare shi bisa zargin hadin baki, amma ba a tuhume shi ba. Bayan an sake shi ya yi murabus daga hukumar tasa. == Daga baya aiki == Bayan ritaya, Umar ya zama Shugaba kuma Babban Daraktan, Aiki da Bauta (Kamfanin Gas) Nigeria Limited, Kaduna. Umar ya kasance mai yawan sukar gwamnatin Janar [[Sani Abacha]], kuma ya shiga kungiyar G-18 ta ‘yan siyasa wadanda suka fito fili suka nuna adawa da shirin Abacha na zama shugaban kasa. A lokacin Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya ya kasance mai fashin baki kan batutuwa da yawa. A watan Yunin a shekara ta( 2000), ya ce batun mallakar yankin Arewacin kasar nan ya tsufa kuma bai zama dole ba. Ya gargadi 'yan takarar da aka kayar a zaben a shekara ta (2003) da su nuna dattako da bin doka wajen daukaka sakamakon. A watan Maris na shekarar (2004), ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] inda ya zarge shi da kasancewa mai hannu a soke zaben Shugaban kasa na (12 )ga watan Yuni a shekara ta( 1993). A watan Yunin shekarar 2004, ya ce manufofin tattalin arzikin da mutane ba sa so suna haifar da rikici a cikin al’umma. A watan Mayun 2005, ya yi magana game da tilasta wa mataimakin gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] ritaya da tilasta gwamnati da rashin gaskiya a yakin da take yi da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya nuna adawa sosai ga shawarwarin da aka bayar na barin Obasanjo ya sake tsayawa takara a karo na uku. A watan Janairun 2008, ya goyi bayan cire Nuhu Ribadu daga mukaminsa na Shugaban Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki a kan cewa Ribadu ba shi da kwarewa sosai, kuma ya aiwatar da umarnin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ba tare da tambaya ba. A watan Agustan 2009, ya zargi Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru 'Yar'Adua]] da nuna son kai a wajen nade-naden nasa. A watan Disambar 2009, ya yi kira ga Shugaban da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya yi murabus. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Yunin 2014, ya jaddada mahimmancin tattaunawa don magance rikicin [[Rikicin Boko Haram|Boko Haram]], yana mai cewa:<blockquote>“Bana jin akwai hadin kai tsakanin mutanen soja da‘ yan [[Boko Haram]] .. Ina tsammanin dole ne a sami hadin kai na manufa; dole ne al’umma su hada kai a wannan mummunan hatsarin yaki da Boko Haram. Hanya daya tilo da kungiyar Boko Haram za ta iya cimma nasara ita ce idan al’umma suka rabu kuma ya rage ga gwamnatin tarayya ta hada kan jama’a don yaki da Boko Haram. ” </blockquote> {{Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna}} == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mukaloli marasa hujja]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1949]] 81dze0la6d84hnav9j2lze9o83yqtle 890085 890084 2026-08-01T12:15:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 890085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Kanal (mai ritaya) '''Abubakar Dangiwa Umar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1949) ya kasance gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] daga watan Agusta na shekara ta (1985) zuwa watan Yuni name shekara( 1988 ) lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar( 1993 ), ya zama mai sukar zamantakewar al'umma kuma shi ne wanda ya ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Movement for Unity and Progress, jam'iyyar siyasa.<ref>Ibraheem Musa (18 August 2009). "Dikko's Appointment Violates Federal Character Dangiwa". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2010-05-31.</ref> == Haihuwa da ilimi == An haifi Umar a ranar (21) ga watan Satumban shekara ta (1949) a [[Birnin Kebbi]], [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] . Mahaifinsa malamin makaranta ne kuma mai gudanarwa ne da ake yiwa binda lakabin gargajiya na Wazirin Gwandu wanda ya zama memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Legas a shekara ta (1954 zuwa1964) da Kwamishinan Ayyuka a Jihar Arewa maso zuwaa a shekara ta (1968 zuwa1975). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]] a shekara ta(1964 zuwa1968), [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a shekara ta (1967 zuwa 1972), Makarantar Ba da Makamai ta Sojojin Najeriya, [[Ibadan]] a shekara ta (1972), Makarantar Gudanar da Sojojin Amurka, Fort Benjamin Harrison, [[Indiana]], Amurka 1976), Royal Armor School, Kentucky, USA a shekara ta (1977 zuwa1978), Command and Staff College, Jaji dashekara ta (1978 zuwa 1979 da 1982 - 1983), [[Jami'ar Bayero]], [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] a shekara ta (1979 zuwa 1981), Harvard University, USA a shekara ta (1988 - 1989) . == Aikin soja == Umar ya kuma shiga aikin sojan Najeriya a shekarar( 1967) kuma aka bashi mukamin Laftanal na biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta (1972). Ya rike mukamai daban-daban, aciki har da ADC ga Manjo Janar [[Hassan Usman Katsina]], Mataimakin Shugaban Ma’aikata, Hedikwatar Koli. An kuma nada Umara matsayin Babban Jami'i a Sashin Yammata, Hedikwatar Soja. A lokacin juyin mulkin ranar( 27) ga Agustan shekara ta( 1985) wanda Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] hau karagar mulki ya kasance Manjo kuma Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Tarayya a shekara ta (1984 zuwa 1985). Ya goyi bayan juyin mulkin, kuma bayan ya yi nasara an nada shi Gwamnan jihar Kaduna. Daga baya ya samu karin girma zuwa Laftanar Kanal. Umar ya kuma kasance Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Kaduna daga watan Satumban shekara ta (1985 zuwa Yunin shekarar 1988), a lokacin da kudade suka yi karanci. Dole ne ya yi fama da mummunan rikicin addini a cikin jihar a shekara ta (1987), ya zama ba shi da farin jini ga duk bangarorin rikicin. Ya ce "Idan kun ci nasara a yakin addini, ba za ku iya samun zaman lafiya na addini ba [. . . ] Tunda aka fara kisan kiristoci nawa ne suka musulunta? Musulmai nawa ne suka koma addinin kirista? Atisaye ne na banza ". A cikin shekara ta (1993 ), ya kasance Kanal kuma Kwamandan Armored Corps Center da Makaranta. Ya kasance mai adawa da soke zaben shugaban kasa na ranar (12) ga Yunin shekara ta( 1993), kuma ya fara neman goyon baya a tsakanin sojoji don naɗa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . A watan Oktoba, an tsare shi bisa zargin hadin baki, amma ba a tuhume shi ba. Bayan an sake shi ya yi murabus daga hukumar tasa. == Daga baya aiki == Bayan ritaya, Umar ya zama Shugaba kuma Babban Daraktan, Aiki da Bauta (Kamfanin Gas) Nigeria Limited, Kaduna. Umar ya kasance mai yawan sukar gwamnatin Janar [[Sani Abacha]], kuma ya shiga kungiyar G-18 ta ‘yan siyasa wadanda suka fito fili suka nuna adawa da shirin Abacha na zama shugaban kasa. A lokacin Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya ya kasance mai fashin baki kan batutuwa da yawa. A watan Yunin a shekara ta( 2000), ya ce batun mallakar yankin Arewacin kasar nan ya tsufa kuma bai zama dole ba. Ya gargadi 'yan takarar da aka kayar a zaben a shekara ta (2003) da su nuna dattako da bin doka wajen daukaka sakamakon. A watan Maris na shekarar (2004), ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] inda ya zarge shi da kasancewa mai hannu a soke zaben Shugaban kasa na (12 )ga watan Yuni a shekara ta( 1993). A watan Yunin shekarar 2004, ya ce manufofin tattalin arzikin da mutane ba sa so suna haifar da rikici a cikin al’umma. A watan Mayun 2005, ya yi magana game da tilasta wa mataimakin gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] ritaya da tilasta gwamnati da rashin gaskiya a yakin da take yi da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya nuna adawa sosai ga shawarwarin da aka bayar na barin Obasanjo ya sake tsayawa takara a karo na uku. A watan Janairun 2008, ya goyi bayan cire Nuhu Ribadu daga mukaminsa na Shugaban Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki a kan cewa Ribadu ba shi da kwarewa sosai, kuma ya aiwatar da umarnin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ba tare da tambaya ba. A watan Agustan 2009, ya zargi Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru 'Yar'Adua]] da nuna son kai a wajen nade-naden nasa. A watan Disambar 2009, ya yi kira ga Shugaban da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya yi murabus. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Yunin 2014, ya jaddada mahimmancin tattaunawa don magance rikicin [[Rikicin Boko Haram|Boko Haram]], yana mai cewa:<blockquote>“Bana jin akwai hadin kai tsakanin mutanen soja da‘ yan [[Boko Haram]] .. Ina tsammanin dole ne a sami hadin kai na manufa; dole ne al’umma su hada kai a wannan mummunan hatsarin yaki da Boko Haram. Hanya daya tilo da kungiyar Boko Haram za ta iya cimma nasara ita ce idan al’umma suka rabu kuma ya rage ga gwamnatin tarayya ta hada kan jama’a don yaki da Boko Haram. ” </blockquote> {{Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna}} == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mukaloli marasa hujja]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1949]] 65ys57etk3rvyx804cilsnknp2e8hoz 890086 890085 2026-08-01T12:16:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 890086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Kanal (mai ritaya) '''Abubakar Dangiwa Umar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1949) ya kasance gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] daga watan Agusta na shekara ta (1985) zuwa watan Yuni name shekara( 1988 ) lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar( 1993 ), ya zama mai sukar zamantakewar al'umma kuma shi ne wanda ya ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Movement for Unity and Progress, jam'iyyar siyasa.<ref>Ibraheem Musa (18 August 2009). "Dikko's Appointment Violates Federal Character Dangiwa". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2010-05-31.</ref> == Haihuwa da ilimi == An haifi Umar a ranar (21) ga watan Satumban shekara ta (1949) a [[Birnin Kebbi]], [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] . Mahaifinsa malamin makaranta ne kuma mai gudanarwa ne da ake yiwa binda lakabin gargajiya na Wazirin Gwandu wanda ya zama memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Legas a shekara ta (1954 zuwa1964) da Kwamishinan Ayyuka a Jihar Arewa maso zuwaa a shekara ta (1968 zuwa1975). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]] a shekara ta(1964 zuwa1968), [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a shekara ta (1967 zuwa 1972), Makarantar Ba da Makamai ta Sojojin Najeriya, [[Ibadan]] a shekara ta (1972), Makarantar Gudanar da Sojojin Amurka, Fort Benjamin Harrison, [[Indiana]], Amurka 1976), Royal Armor School, Kentucky, USA a shekara ta (1977 zuwa1978), Command and Staff College, Jaji dashekara ta (1978 zuwa 1979 da 1982 - 1983), [[Jami'ar Bayero]], [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] a shekara ta (1979 zuwa 1981), Harvard University, USA a shekara ta (1988 - 1989) . == Aikin soja == Umar ya kuma shiga aikin sojan Najeriya a shekarar( 1967) kuma aka bashi mukamin Laftanal na biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta (1972). Ya rike mukamai daban-daban, aciki har da ADC ga Manjo Janar [[Hassan Usman Katsina]], Mataimakin Shugaban Ma’aikata, Hedikwatar Koli. An kuma nada Umara matsayin Babban Jami'i a Sashin Yammata, Hedikwatar Soja. A lokacin juyin mulkin ranar( 27) ga Agustan shekara ta( 1985) wanda Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] hau karagar mulki ya kasance Manjo kuma Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Tarayya a shekara ta (1984 zuwa 1985). Ya goyi bayan juyin mulkin, kuma bayan ya yi nasara an nada shi Gwamnan jihar Kaduna. Daga baya ya samu karin girma zuwa Laftanar Kanal. Umar ya kuma kasance Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Kaduna daga watan Satumban shekara ta (1985 zuwa Yunin shekarar 1988), a lokacin da kudade suka yi karanci. Dole ne ya yi fama da mummunan rikicin addini a cikin jihar a shekara ta (1987), ya zama ba shi da farin jini ga duk bangarorin rikicin. Ya ce "Idan kun ci nasara a yakin addini, ba za ku iya samun zaman lafiya na addini ba [. . . ] Tunda aka fara kisan kiristoci nawa ne suka musulunta? Musulmai nawa ne suka koma addinin kirista? Atisaye ne na banza ". A cikin shekara ta (1993 ), ya kasance Kanal kuma Kwamandan Armored Corps Center da Makaranta. Ya kasance mai adawa da soke zaben shugaban kasa na ranar (12) ga Yunin shekara ta( 1993), kuma ya fara neman goyon baya a tsakanin sojoji don naɗa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . A watan Oktoba, an tsare shi bisa zargin hadin baki, amma ba a tuhume shi ba. Bayan an sake shi ya yi murabus daga hukumar tasa. == Daga baya aiki == Bayan ritaya, Umar ya zama Shugaba kuma Babban Daraktan, Aiki da Bauta (Kamfanin Gas) Nigeria Limited, Kaduna. Umar ya kasance mai yawan sukar gwamnatin Janar [[Sani Abacha]], kuma ya shiga kungiyar G-18 ta ‘yan siyasa wadanda suka fito fili suka nuna adawa da shirin Abacha na zama shugaban kasa. A lokacin Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya ya kasance mai fashin baki kan batutuwa da yawa. A watan Yunin a shekara ta( 2000), ya ce batun mallakar yankin Arewacin kasar nan ya tsufa kuma bai zama dole ba. Ya gargadi 'yan takarar da aka kayar a zaben a shekara ta (2003) da su nuna dattako da bin doka wajen daukaka sakamakon. A watan Maris na shekarar (2004), ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] inda ya zarge shi da kasancewa mai hannu a soke zaben Shugaban kasa na (12 )ga watan Yuni a shekara ta( 1993). A watan Yunin shekarar 2004, ya ce manufofin tattalin arzikin da mutane ba sa so suna haifar da rikici a cikin al’umma. A watan Mayun 2005, ya yi magana game da tilasta wa mataimakin gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] ritaya da tilasta gwamnati da rashin gaskiya a yakin da take yi da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya nuna adawa sosai ga shawarwarin da aka bayar na barin Obasanjo ya sake tsayawa takara a karo na uku. A watan Janairun 2008, ya goyi bayan cire Nuhu Ribadu daga mukaminsa na Shugaban Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki a kan cewa Ribadu ba shi da kwarewa sosai, kuma ya aiwatar da umarnin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ba tare da tambaya ba. A watan Agustan 2009, ya zargi Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru 'Yar'Adua]] da nuna son kai a wajen nade-naden nasa. A watan Disambar 2009, ya yi kira ga Shugaban da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya yi murabus. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Yunin 2014, ya jaddada mahimmancin tattaunawa don magance rikicin [[Rikicin Boko Haram|Boko Haram]], yana mai cewa:<blockquote>“Bana jin akwai hadin kai tsakanin mutanen soja da‘ yan [[Boko Haram]] .. Ina tsammanin dole ne a sami hadin kai na manufa; dole ne al’umma su hada kai a wannan mummunan hatsarin yaki da Boko Haram. Hanya daya tilo da kungiyar Boko Haram za ta iya cimma nasara ita ce idan al’umma suka rabu kuma ya rage ga gwamnatin tarayya ta hada kan jama’a don yaki da Boko Haram. ” </blockquote> {{Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mukaloli marasa hujja]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1949]] 1o0c9wjzrd4wna0ze43hv3g6e3ms5kj 890087 890086 2026-08-01T12:16:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 890087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Abubakar Dangiwa Umar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1949) ya kasance gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] daga watan Agusta na shekara ta (1985) zuwa watan Yuni name shekara( 1988 ) lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar( 1993 ), ya zama mai sukar zamantakewar al'umma kuma shi ne wanda ya ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Movement for Unity and Progress, jam'iyyar siyasa.<ref>Ibraheem Musa (18 August 2009). "Dikko's Appointment Violates Federal Character Dangiwa". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2010-05-31.</ref> == Haihuwa da ilimi == An haifi Umar a ranar (21) ga watan Satumban shekara ta (1949) a [[Birnin Kebbi]], [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] . Mahaifinsa malamin makaranta ne kuma mai gudanarwa ne da ake yiwa binda lakabin gargajiya na Wazirin Gwandu wanda ya zama memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Legas a shekara ta (1954 zuwa1964) da Kwamishinan Ayyuka a Jihar Arewa maso zuwaa a shekara ta (1968 zuwa1975). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]] a shekara ta(1964 zuwa1968), [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a shekara ta (1967 zuwa 1972), Makarantar Ba da Makamai ta Sojojin Najeriya, [[Ibadan]] a shekara ta (1972), Makarantar Gudanar da Sojojin Amurka, Fort Benjamin Harrison, [[Indiana]], Amurka 1976), Royal Armor School, Kentucky, USA a shekara ta (1977 zuwa1978), Command and Staff College, Jaji dashekara ta (1978 zuwa 1979 da 1982 - 1983), [[Jami'ar Bayero]], [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] a shekara ta (1979 zuwa 1981), Harvard University, USA a shekara ta (1988 - 1989) . == Aikin soja == Umar ya kuma shiga aikin sojan Najeriya a shekarar( 1967) kuma aka bashi mukamin Laftanal na biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta (1972). Ya rike mukamai daban-daban, aciki har da ADC ga Manjo Janar [[Hassan Usman Katsina]], Mataimakin Shugaban Ma’aikata, Hedikwatar Koli. An kuma nada Umara matsayin Babban Jami'i a Sashin Yammata, Hedikwatar Soja. A lokacin juyin mulkin ranar( 27) ga Agustan shekara ta( 1985) wanda Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] hau karagar mulki ya kasance Manjo kuma Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Tarayya a shekara ta (1984 zuwa 1985). Ya goyi bayan juyin mulkin, kuma bayan ya yi nasara an nada shi Gwamnan jihar Kaduna. Daga baya ya samu karin girma zuwa Laftanar Kanal. Umar ya kuma kasance Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Kaduna daga watan Satumban shekara ta (1985 zuwa Yunin shekarar 1988), a lokacin da kudade suka yi karanci. Dole ne ya yi fama da mummunan rikicin addini a cikin jihar a shekara ta (1987), ya zama ba shi da farin jini ga duk bangarorin rikicin. Ya ce "Idan kun ci nasara a yakin addini, ba za ku iya samun zaman lafiya na addini ba [. . . ] Tunda aka fara kisan kiristoci nawa ne suka musulunta? Musulmai nawa ne suka koma addinin kirista? Atisaye ne na banza ". A cikin shekara ta (1993 ), ya kasance Kanal kuma Kwamandan Armored Corps Center da Makaranta. Ya kasance mai adawa da soke zaben shugaban kasa na ranar (12) ga Yunin shekara ta( 1993), kuma ya fara neman goyon baya a tsakanin sojoji don naɗa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . A watan Oktoba, an tsare shi bisa zargin hadin baki, amma ba a tuhume shi ba. Bayan an sake shi ya yi murabus daga hukumar tasa. == Daga baya aiki == Bayan ritaya, Umar ya zama Shugaba kuma Babban Daraktan, Aiki da Bauta (Kamfanin Gas) Nigeria Limited, Kaduna. Umar ya kasance mai yawan sukar gwamnatin Janar [[Sani Abacha]], kuma ya shiga kungiyar G-18 ta ‘yan siyasa wadanda suka fito fili suka nuna adawa da shirin Abacha na zama shugaban kasa. A lokacin Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya ya kasance mai fashin baki kan batutuwa da yawa. A watan Yunin a shekara ta( 2000), ya ce batun mallakar yankin Arewacin kasar nan ya tsufa kuma bai zama dole ba. Ya gargadi 'yan takarar da aka kayar a zaben a shekara ta (2003) da su nuna dattako da bin doka wajen daukaka sakamakon. A watan Maris na shekarar (2004), ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] inda ya zarge shi da kasancewa mai hannu a soke zaben Shugaban kasa na (12 )ga watan Yuni a shekara ta( 1993). A watan Yunin shekarar 2004, ya ce manufofin tattalin arzikin da mutane ba sa so suna haifar da rikici a cikin al’umma. A watan Mayun 2005, ya yi magana game da tilasta wa mataimakin gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] ritaya da tilasta gwamnati da rashin gaskiya a yakin da take yi da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya nuna adawa sosai ga shawarwarin da aka bayar na barin Obasanjo ya sake tsayawa takara a karo na uku. A watan Janairun 2008, ya goyi bayan cire Nuhu Ribadu daga mukaminsa na Shugaban Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki a kan cewa Ribadu ba shi da kwarewa sosai, kuma ya aiwatar da umarnin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ba tare da tambaya ba. A watan Agustan 2009, ya zargi Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru 'Yar'Adua]] da nuna son kai a wajen nade-naden nasa. A watan Disambar 2009, ya yi kira ga Shugaban da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya yi murabus. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Yunin 2014, ya jaddada mahimmancin tattaunawa don magance rikicin [[Rikicin Boko Haram|Boko Haram]], yana mai cewa:<blockquote>“Bana jin akwai hadin kai tsakanin mutanen soja da‘ yan [[Boko Haram]] .. Ina tsammanin dole ne a sami hadin kai na manufa; dole ne al’umma su hada kai a wannan mummunan hatsarin yaki da Boko Haram. Hanya daya tilo da kungiyar Boko Haram za ta iya cimma nasara ita ce idan al’umma suka rabu kuma ya rage ga gwamnatin tarayya ta hada kan jama’a don yaki da Boko Haram. ” </blockquote> {{Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mukaloli marasa hujja]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1949]] e9mp2ngsbmbzaykbpduqeqja8vl0r7t 890088 890087 2026-08-01T12:17:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 890088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Abubakar Dangiwa Umar''' Kanal (mai ritaya) (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1949) ya kasance gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] daga watan Agusta na shekara ta (1985) zuwa watan Yuni name shekara( 1988 ) lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar( 1993 ), ya zama mai sukar zamantakewar al'umma kuma shi ne wanda ya ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Movement for Unity and Progress, jam'iyyar siyasa.<ref>Ibraheem Musa (18 August 2009). "Dikko's Appointment Violates Federal Character Dangiwa". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2010-05-31.</ref> == Haihuwa da ilimi == An haifi Umar a ranar (21) ga watan Satumban shekara ta (1949) a [[Birnin Kebbi]], [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] . Mahaifinsa malamin makaranta ne kuma mai gudanarwa ne da ake yiwa binda lakabin gargajiya na Wazirin Gwandu wanda ya zama memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Legas a shekara ta (1954 zuwa1964) da Kwamishinan Ayyuka a Jihar Arewa maso zuwaa a shekara ta (1968 zuwa1975). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]] a shekara ta(1964 zuwa1968), [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a shekara ta (1967 zuwa 1972), Makarantar Ba da Makamai ta Sojojin Najeriya, [[Ibadan]] a shekara ta (1972), Makarantar Gudanar da Sojojin Amurka, Fort Benjamin Harrison, [[Indiana]], Amurka 1976), Royal Armor School, Kentucky, USA a shekara ta (1977 zuwa1978), Command and Staff College, Jaji dashekara ta (1978 zuwa 1979 da 1982 - 1983), [[Jami'ar Bayero]], [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] a shekara ta (1979 zuwa 1981), Harvard University, USA a shekara ta (1988 - 1989) . == Aikin soja == Umar ya kuma shiga aikin sojan Najeriya a shekarar( 1967) kuma aka bashi mukamin Laftanal na biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta (1972). Ya rike mukamai daban-daban, aciki har da ADC ga Manjo Janar [[Hassan Usman Katsina]], Mataimakin Shugaban Ma’aikata, Hedikwatar Koli. An kuma nada Umara matsayin Babban Jami'i a Sashin Yammata, Hedikwatar Soja. A lokacin juyin mulkin ranar( 27) ga Agustan shekara ta( 1985) wanda Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] hau karagar mulki ya kasance Manjo kuma Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Tarayya a shekara ta (1984 zuwa 1985). Ya goyi bayan juyin mulkin, kuma bayan ya yi nasara an nada shi Gwamnan jihar Kaduna. Daga baya ya samu karin girma zuwa Laftanar Kanal. Umar ya kuma kasance Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Kaduna daga watan Satumban shekara ta (1985 zuwa Yunin shekarar 1988), a lokacin da kudade suka yi karanci. Dole ne ya yi fama da mummunan rikicin addini a cikin jihar a shekara ta (1987), ya zama ba shi da farin jini ga duk bangarorin rikicin. Ya ce "Idan kun ci nasara a yakin addini, ba za ku iya samun zaman lafiya na addini ba [. . . ] Tunda aka fara kisan kiristoci nawa ne suka musulunta? Musulmai nawa ne suka koma addinin kirista? Atisaye ne na banza ". A cikin shekara ta (1993 ), ya kasance Kanal kuma Kwamandan Armored Corps Center da Makaranta. Ya kasance mai adawa da soke zaben shugaban kasa na ranar (12) ga Yunin shekara ta( 1993), kuma ya fara neman goyon baya a tsakanin sojoji don naɗa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . A watan Oktoba, an tsare shi bisa zargin hadin baki, amma ba a tuhume shi ba. Bayan an sake shi ya yi murabus daga hukumar tasa. == Daga baya aiki == Bayan ritaya, Umar ya zama Shugaba kuma Babban Daraktan, Aiki da Bauta (Kamfanin Gas) Nigeria Limited, Kaduna. Umar ya kasance mai yawan sukar gwamnatin Janar [[Sani Abacha]], kuma ya shiga kungiyar G-18 ta ‘yan siyasa wadanda suka fito fili suka nuna adawa da shirin Abacha na zama shugaban kasa. A lokacin Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya ya kasance mai fashin baki kan batutuwa da yawa. A watan Yunin a shekara ta( 2000), ya ce batun mallakar yankin Arewacin kasar nan ya tsufa kuma bai zama dole ba. Ya gargadi 'yan takarar da aka kayar a zaben a shekara ta (2003) da su nuna dattako da bin doka wajen daukaka sakamakon. A watan Maris na shekarar (2004), ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] inda ya zarge shi da kasancewa mai hannu a soke zaben Shugaban kasa na (12 )ga watan Yuni a shekara ta( 1993). A watan Yunin shekarar 2004, ya ce manufofin tattalin arzikin da mutane ba sa so suna haifar da rikici a cikin al’umma. A watan Mayun 2005, ya yi magana game da tilasta wa mataimakin gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] ritaya da tilasta gwamnati da rashin gaskiya a yakin da take yi da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya nuna adawa sosai ga shawarwarin da aka bayar na barin Obasanjo ya sake tsayawa takara a karo na uku. A watan Janairun 2008, ya goyi bayan cire Nuhu Ribadu daga mukaminsa na Shugaban Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki a kan cewa Ribadu ba shi da kwarewa sosai, kuma ya aiwatar da umarnin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ba tare da tambaya ba. A watan Agustan 2009, ya zargi Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru 'Yar'Adua]] da nuna son kai a wajen nade-naden nasa. A watan Disambar 2009, ya yi kira ga Shugaban da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya yi murabus. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Yunin 2014, ya jaddada mahimmancin tattaunawa don magance rikicin [[Rikicin Boko Haram|Boko Haram]], yana mai cewa:<blockquote>“Bana jin akwai hadin kai tsakanin mutanen soja da‘ yan [[Boko Haram]] .. Ina tsammanin dole ne a sami hadin kai na manufa; dole ne al’umma su hada kai a wannan mummunan hatsarin yaki da Boko Haram. Hanya daya tilo da kungiyar Boko Haram za ta iya cimma nasara ita ce idan al’umma suka rabu kuma ya rage ga gwamnatin tarayya ta hada kan jama’a don yaki da Boko Haram. ” </blockquote> {{Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mukaloli marasa hujja]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1949]] eg1rkl3nyyh85112s5art2oej5fklc1 890089 890088 2026-08-01T12:17:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 890089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Abubakar Dangiwa Umar''' Kanal (mai ritaya) (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1949) ya kasance gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] daga watan Agusta na shekara ta (1985) zuwa watan Yuni name shekara( 1988 ) lokacin mulkin soja na Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] . Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar( 1993 ), ya zama mai sukar zamantakewar al'umma kuma shi ne wanda ya ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar Movement for Unity and Progress, jam'iyyar siyasa.<ref>Ibraheem Musa (18 August 2009). "Dikko's Appointment Violates Federal Character Dangiwa". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2010-05-31.</ref> == Haihuwa da ilimi == An haifi Umar a ranar (21) ga watan Satumban shekara ta (1949) a [[Birnin Kebbi]], [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] . Mahaifinsa malamin makaranta ne kuma mai gudanarwa ne da ake yiwa binda lakabin gargajiya na Wazirin Gwandu wanda ya zama memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Legas a shekara ta (1954 zuwa1964) da Kwamishinan Ayyuka a Jihar Arewa maso zuwaa a shekara ta (1968 zuwa1975). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Sokoto (birni)|Sakkwato]] a shekara ta(1964 zuwa1968), [[Jami'ar Tsaron Nijeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a shekara ta (1967 zuwa 1972), Makarantar Ba da Makamai ta Sojojin Najeriya, [[Ibadan]] a shekara ta (1972), Makarantar Gudanar da Sojojin Amurka, Fort Benjamin Harrison, [[Indiana]], Amurka 1976), Royal Armor School, Kentucky, USA a shekara ta (1977 zuwa1978), Command and Staff College, Jaji dashekara ta (1978 zuwa 1979 da 1982 - 1983), [[Jami'ar Bayero]], [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] a shekara ta (1979 zuwa 1981), Harvard University, USA a shekara ta (1988 - 1989) . == Aikin soja == Umar ya kuma shiga aikin sojan [[Najeriya]] a shekarar( 1967) kuma aka bashi mukamin Laftanal na biyu a watan Maris na shekara ta (1972). Ya rike mukamai daban-daban, aciki har da ADC ga Manjo Janar [[Hassan Usman Katsina]], Mataimakin Shugaban Ma’aikata, Hedikwatar Koli. An kuma nada Umara matsayin Babban Jami'i a Sashin Yammata, Hedikwatar Soja. A lokacin juyin mulkin ranar( 27) ga Agustan shekara ta( 1985) wanda Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ya]] hau karagar mulki ya kasance Manjo kuma Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Tarayya a shekara ta (1984 zuwa 1985). Ya goyi bayan juyin mulkin, kuma bayan ya yi nasara an nada shi Gwamnan jihar Kaduna. Daga baya ya samu karin girma zuwa Laftanar Kanal. Umar ya kuma kasance Gwamnan Soja na Jihar Kaduna daga watan Satumban shekara ta (1985 zuwa Yunin shekarar 1988), a lokacin da kudade suka yi karanci. Dole ne ya yi fama da mummunan rikicin addini a cikin jihar a shekara ta (1987), ya zama ba shi da farin jini ga duk bangarorin rikicin. Ya ce "Idan kun ci nasara a yakin addini, ba za ku iya samun zaman lafiya na addini ba [. . . ] Tunda aka fara kisan kiristoci nawa ne suka musulunta? Musulmai nawa ne suka koma addinin kirista? Atisaye ne na banza ". A cikin shekara ta (1993 ), ya kasance Kanal kuma Kwamandan Armored Corps Center da Makaranta. Ya kasance mai adawa da soke zaben shugaban kasa na ranar (12) ga Yunin shekara ta( 1993), kuma ya fara neman goyon baya a tsakanin sojoji don naɗa zaɓaɓɓen shugaban [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . A watan Oktoba, an tsare shi bisa zargin hadin baki, amma ba a tuhume shi ba. Bayan an sake shi ya yi murabus daga hukumar tasa. == Daga baya aiki == Bayan ritaya, Umar ya zama Shugaba kuma Babban Daraktan, Aiki da Bauta (Kamfanin Gas) Nigeria Limited, Kaduna. Umar ya kasance mai yawan sukar gwamnatin Janar [[Sani Abacha]], kuma ya shiga kungiyar G-18 ta ‘yan siyasa wadanda suka fito fili suka nuna adawa da shirin Abacha na zama shugaban kasa. A lokacin Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya ya kasance mai fashin baki kan batutuwa da yawa. A watan Yunin a shekara ta( 2000), ya ce batun mallakar yankin Arewacin kasar nan ya tsufa kuma bai zama dole ba. Ya gargadi 'yan takarar da aka kayar a zaben a shekara ta (2003) da su nuna dattako da bin doka wajen daukaka sakamakon. A watan Maris na shekarar (2004), ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] inda ya zarge shi da kasancewa mai hannu a soke zaben Shugaban kasa na (12 )ga watan Yuni a shekara ta( 1993). A watan Yunin shekarar 2004, ya ce manufofin tattalin arzikin da mutane ba sa so suna haifar da rikici a cikin al’umma. A watan Mayun 2005, ya yi magana game da tilasta wa mataimakin gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] ritaya da tilasta gwamnati da rashin gaskiya a yakin da take yi da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya nuna adawa sosai ga shawarwarin da aka bayar na barin Obasanjo ya sake tsayawa takara a karo na uku. A watan Janairun 2008, ya goyi bayan cire Nuhu Ribadu daga mukaminsa na Shugaban Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki a kan cewa Ribadu ba shi da kwarewa sosai, kuma ya aiwatar da umarnin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ba tare da tambaya ba. A watan Agustan 2009, ya zargi Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru 'Yar'Adua]] da nuna son kai a wajen nade-naden nasa. A watan Disambar 2009, ya yi kira ga Shugaban da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya yi murabus. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Yunin 2014, ya jaddada mahimmancin tattaunawa don magance rikicin [[Rikicin Boko Haram|Boko Haram]], yana mai cewa:<blockquote>“Bana jin akwai hadin kai tsakanin mutanen soja da‘ yan [[Boko Haram]] .. Ina tsammanin dole ne a sami hadin kai na manufa; dole ne al’umma su hada kai a wannan mummunan hatsarin yaki da Boko Haram. Hanya daya tilo da kungiyar Boko Haram za ta iya cimma nasara ita ce idan al’umma suka rabu kuma ya rage ga gwamnatin tarayya ta hada kan jama’a don yaki da Boko Haram. ” </blockquote> {{Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mukaloli marasa hujja]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1949]] nq8255689925hp0ehgntmnvx8aj4xlk 4 21908 890326 889896 2026-08-01T21:26:42Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 890326 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Поль Крол Злой Диктатор|Поль Крол Злой Диктатор]] |[[Special:Contributions/Поль Крол Злой Диктатор|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 31 ga Yuli 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Galaxybeing|Galaxybeing]] |[[Special:Contributions/Galaxybeing|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |3 |[[User:ZionistischeSauterParamilitar|ZionistischeSauterParamilitar]] |[[Special:Contributions/ZionistischeSauterParamilitar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Mravljinčar|Mravljinčar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mravljinčar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Vice President of Guinea|Vice President of Guinea]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vice President of Guinea|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |6 |[[User:श्याम सुन्दर पटेल|श्याम सुन्दर पटेल]] |[[Special:Contributions/श्याम सुन्दर पटेल|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |7 |[[User:AnSahyan|AnSahyan]] |[[Special:Contributions/AnSahyan|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |8 |[[User:RandomAnonYouth|RandomAnonYouth]] |[[Special:Contributions/RandomAnonYouth|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Wmbata|Wmbata]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wmbata|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Yusufkabiru12|Yusufkabiru12]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yusufkabiru12|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Djrezdanarewa|Djrezdanarewa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Djrezdanarewa|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Ibrahiminusa22|Ibrahiminusa22]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ibrahiminusa22|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Bozhyemoi|Bozhyemoi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bozhyemoi|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Sabah Azman Nahean|Sabah Azman Nahean]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sabah Azman Nahean|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Bosnian Beaver|Bosnian Beaver]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bosnian Beaver|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Dhas kthkp|Dhas kthkp]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dhas kthkp|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Beaufix|Beaufix]] |[[Special:Contributions/Beaufix|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |18 |[[User:12318School|12318School]] |[[Special:Contributions/12318School|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Santiago1337|Santiago1337]] |[[Special:Contributions/Santiago1337|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Memphiswillbelaidtowaste|Memphiswillbelaidtowaste]] |[[Special:Contributions/Memphiswillbelaidtowaste|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |} nfmfbd0mp3pvmepj674hkzxoysk8p0f 0 22151 890536 850699 2026-08-02T10:57:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 890536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Rochdale MBC's Environmental Management Headquarters - geograph.org.uk - 2506115.jpg|thumb]] '''Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da Ka'idoji ta Kasa''' '''(wacce''' aka fi sani da N.E.S.R.E.A), ita ce hukumar kula da muhalli ta Gwamnatin Tarayyar [[Najeriya]] wacce doka ta kafa a shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai 2007 dan "tabbatar da tsaftace muhalli da lafiyar 'yan Najeriya" A dillancin ayyuka a matsayin parastatal na Ma'aikatar muhalli da kuma gangarawa zuwa wani Darakta Janar wanda shi ma babban jami'i ne. (NESREA) ta rubuta nasarori da dama a fannin kula da kiyaye muhalli da aiwatar da su tun bayan kafa ta, gami da ƙaddamar da ƙa'idoji da yawa game da kiyaye muhalli, sa ido kan kiyaye muhalli da aiwatar da su.<ref>Ogbodo, Dr. S. Gozie (2009) "Environmental Protection in Nigeria: Two Decades After the Koko Incident," Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law: Vol. 15 : Iss. 1, Article 2.</ref><ref>Federal Environmental Protection Agency (Amendment) Decree". www.commonlii.org. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</ref><ref>Stakeholder Workshop on Air quality and transportation challenges in Nigeria and agenda for Clean Air Action Plan". www.cseindia.org. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref><ref>"Laws & Regulations | US EPA". US EPA. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</ref><ref>Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref><ref>Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref><ref>"Buhari appoints Jauro as NESREA DG". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.</ref><ref>Court bars states on the issuance of EIA approval certificate". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2016.</ref> == Tarihi == Bukatar cibiyoyin gwamnati da zasu magance matsalolin muhalli a Najeriya ya bayyana ne biyo bayan al'amarin sharar gubar Koko a shekarar ta alif dubu da dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988. Wannan ya sa gwamnatin lokacin, karkashin jagorancin [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]], ta fitar da doka ta hamsin da takwas 58 ta shekara alif dubu da dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988, ta kafa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Tarayya (FEPA) a matsayin mai kula da muhalli a kasar. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ayyukan F.E.P.A sun kasance cikin tsarin ma'aikatar muhalli ta tarayya, wacce ita ce kungiyar da ke tsara manufofi kan al'amuran muhalli a Najeriya. Amma duk da haka kuma ya bayyana cewa akwai bukatar samar da tsauraran matakai don magance matsalolin muhalli na kasar, sanannen cikinsu akwai kwararowar Hamada[[Gandun-daji|, sare daji da]] sauri, zaizayar bakin teku da guguwar iska, gami da yawan zafin muhalli da mutum yayi. rashin tsabtace muhalli, gurɓatar iska da kuma sharar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yunƙurin duniya zuwa ga cigaba mai ɗorewa a bayan taron Millennium da Taron Duniya kan cigaba mai ɗorewa, da jagorancin Nijeriya a cikin shirye-shiryen cigaban yanki kamar ''New Partnership for Africa's Development'' (N.E.P.A.D) ya haɓaka wayar da kan muhalli tsakanin masu yanke shawara na ƙasar...<ref>FG threatens to sanction state agencies issuing fake EIA certificates". News Agency of Nigeria. Retrieved 15 June 2016. [dead link]</ref><ref>"Customs arrests Chinese, Malian for 'smuggling'". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 12 May 2013. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2016.</ref><ref>Experts call for community involvement in tackling Nigeria's illegal pangolin trade". BusinessDay. Lagos, Nigeria. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>NESREA rescues lion cub from two wildlife syndicate". Nigerian Tribune. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Agency rescues lion cub from traffickers in Abuja". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Lion Cub Rescued In Abuja, Suspected Traffickers Arrested". Channels Television. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Lion Cub Rescued In Abuja, Suspected Traffickers Arrested". Channels Television. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Group decries non-compliance with used battery disposal by telcos". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Okorhi, Johnson; Amadi-echendu, Joe; Olubunmi Aderemi, Helen (May 2015). "New Technology Frontiers in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Addressing the E-waste Management Strategies in South Eastern Nigeria". Partnerships for Innovation-Based Development (1st ed.). Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University Printing Press. pp. 309–338.</ref> A shekara ta 2007, a gwamnatin shugaban Nijeriya [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua]], [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar dokokin Najeriya ta]] kafa dokar kafa hukumar " ''don kariya da ci gaban muhalli, kiyaye halittu da ci gaba mai dorewa na albarkatun kasa na Najeriya gaba daya da fasahar muhalli. gami da daidaitawa, da kuma yin hulda da, masu ruwa da tsaki a ciki da wajen Najeriya kan lamuran aiwatar da ka'idojin muhalli, ka'idoji, dokoki, dokoki, manufofi da ka'idoji.'' " <ref>National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment), 2007. Act No. 25, 30 July 2007</ref>.<ref>NESREA urges compliance with EPR policy on solid waste". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 14 December 2015. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"NESREA collaborates with NASS, MAN on producer responsibility programme". Leadership. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>NESREA ready to improve waste management practices". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Staff Writer (19 October 2012). "Upcoming Nollywood Sensation: Kiki Omeili and Lekki Wives!". Connectnigeria Articles. Retrieved 15 October 2023.</ref><ref>"FG drags C' River to court over superhighway". The Punch. 22 April 2016. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</ref><ref>Nigeria Police to create special unit to support NESREA | Premium Times Nigeria". 20 June 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> == Tsarin kungiya == NESREA tana karkashin jagorancin Darakta Janar wanda kuma shi ne Babban Darakta; shugabar ma'aikatar har zuwa watan Fabrairun Shekara ta 2015 ta kasance masaniyar lafiyar jama'a, Dokta Ngeri Benebo kuma ta ba da ita ga Dokta Lawrence Anukam, wani darektan da ya gabata na hukumar Prof. ne. Shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya nada Aliyu Jauro a matsayin Darakta Janar a shekara ta 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenationonlineng.net/jonathan-appoints-anukam-nesrea-boss/ | title=Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss | publisher=The Nation | accessdate=20 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215103558/http://thenationonlineng.net/jonathan-appoints-anukam-nesrea-boss/ | archive-date=2015-12-15 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-appoints-jauro-as-nesrea-dg/|title=Buhari appoints Jauro as NESREA DG|date=25 March 2019|website=thenationonlineng.net|accessdate=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326143925/http://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-appoints-jauro-as-nesrea-dg/|archive-date=26 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>NESREA partners police on combating environmental crimes". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref><ref>NESREA, Police Collaborate To Curtail Environmental Crime". Leadership. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Danger looms for Environmental Health Profession as NESREA Plans Extinction". EHO Africa. Retrieved 14 June 2016. [dead link]</ref><ref>"FRESH TROUBLE IN TELECOM SECTOR". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref><ref>Revisiting NCC, NESREA clash over masts". Peoples Daily. Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"NCC warns NESREA on usurping its responsibilities". Channels Television. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> == Ayyuka == Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya ce ta ɗauki ayyukan (F.E.P.A), lokacin da aka shigar da wannan hukumar cikin tsarinta. Don haka, Ma'aikatar ce ke aiwatar da kimanta tasirin muhalli (E.I.A.s) kuma Ministan ne kawai ke da ikon bayar da sanarwa game da tasirin muhalli (E.I.S). Tare da kirkirar (N.E.S.R.E.A), an dauke shi da nauyin aiwatar da (E.I.A.s) a Nijeriya. Ko da yake Nijeriya gudanar da wani tarayya tsarin gwamnati, da kasa yankuna (da aka sani da ba su iko ga fitowa da wannan daftarin aiki. Wannan ya kasance batun da ake rikici a cikin kasar har sai (N.E.S.R.E.A) ta sami hukuncin kotu kan cewa doka ba ta ba da izinin Amurka su gudanar da EIA ba.<ref>Ogboru, T. "NESREA and NCC Regulations on Telecommunication Masts: Implementing the Precautionary Principle". Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy. 5 (1): 55–70. Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Environmental safety: NESREA, NCC partner to check telecom operators". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"Government amends NESREA Act, set to tackle environmental crimes". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2022.</ref><ref>OALP (19 March 2019). "Key Amendments to the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment) Act | The Estero". Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> === Cinikin haramtacciyar hanya a cikin jinsunan namun daji === Najeriya ta sanya hannu a CITES kuma NESREA ta kasance bangaren gwamnati da ke aiwatar da kamewa da kuma hukunta laifukan cinikin namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba a Najeriya. Hukumar ta yi rikodin kame-kame da dama na nau'ikan dabbobi da sassan dabbobi wadanda ake jigilarsu ta tashar jiragen ruwanta tare da gurfanar da wasu fitattun shari'oi, gami da wadanda ba 'yan asalin kasar ba, wasu daga cikinsu an yanke musu hukuncin zaman gidan yari. === Sharar lantarki === N.E.S.R.E.A (tare da sauran hukumomin gwamnati) ta dauki alhakin gano lodin kayayyakin da suka tsufa da amfani da kayan lantarki da lantarki da ake shirin watsarwa a cikin kasar, tare da mayar da su tashar jiragen ruwa na asali. A halin yanzu Najeriya na fuskantar bunkasar amfani da kayan fasaha wanda ke haifar da yawan samar da sharar lantarki a cikin biranen. A sakamakon haka, N.E.S.R.E.A fara aiki a wannan bangaren tsayar da aikace-aikace na Extended m alhakin manufa a sharar gida management (sauran sassa na tattalin arzikin kamar da abinci da kuma abin sha masana'antu ma hannu). Don cimma wannan, sun kafa wani shiri a duk ƙasar kuma sun buga jagororin don 'yan wasan masana'antar da suka dace. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://guardian.ng/property/nesrea-urges-compliance-with-epr-policy-on-solid-waste/ | title=NESREA urges compliance with EPR policy on solid waste | publisher=The Nation | accessdate=14 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919161417/http://guardian.ng/property/nesrea-urges-compliance-with-epr-policy-on-solid-waste/ | archive-date=19 September 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/news/519336/nesrea-collaborates-nass-man-producer-responsibility-programme|title=NESREA collaborates with NASS, MAN on producer responsibility programme|publisher=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421041312/http://leadership.ng/news/519336/nesrea-collaborates-nass-man-producer-responsibility-programme|archive-date=21 April 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/nesrea-begins-product-responsibility-policy-enforcement/|title=NESREA begins product responsibility programme|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119150224/http://thenationonlineng.net/nesrea-begins-product-responsibility-policy-enforcement/|archive-date=2017-11-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/environment/30408-nesrea-ready-to-improve-waste-management-practices|title=NESREA ready to improve waste management practices|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117094730/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/environment/30408-nesrea-ready-to-improve-waste-management-practices|archive-date=17 November 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basel.int/Portals/4/Basel%20Convention/docs/eWaste/E-waste_Abudja_Platform_20090821.pdf|title=Communiqué The Abuja Platform on E-Waste|publisher=Basel Convention|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203220/http://www.basel.int/Portals/4/Basel%20Convention/docs/eWaste/E-waste_Abudja_Platform_20090821.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, NESREA ta dauki nauyin taron kasa da kasa kan zubar da shara, in ba haka ba ana kiranta '''Dandalin Abuja''', don tunkarar matsalar ta fuskoki da yawa. === Wayewar jama'a === An san hukumar ne da bayar da wani shiri na TV / Rediyo na mako-mako, "NESREA Watch", wanda ke da 'yan wasa da suka hada da mashahuran masu fasahar Najeriya kamar [[Kiki Omeili]]. == Sanannun lokuta == === Aikin babbar hanyar Calabar === Manyan Jihohi sun shirya gina 260&nbsp;babbar hanyar daga [[Kalaba|Calabar]] zuwa [[Katsina-Ala]], duk a cikin Najeriya. Duk da haka, da hanya ya gudu ta hanyar daya daga cikin kasar ruwan tekun Atlantika rainforests . Wannan ya haifar da hayaniya daga masu rajin kare muhalli na cikin gida da na waje wadanda suka yi korafin cewa [[Cross River|Gwamnatin Jihar Kuros Riba]] ba ta nemi shawara sosai ba kafin fara wannan gagarumin aikin. (NESREA) wacce ta bayar da umarnin dakatar da aikin ginin lokacin da aka san cewa ba a aiwatar da EIA ba, daga baya kuma, ta kai Gwamnatin Jihar Kuros Riba kotu domin ta dakatar da su daga cigaba da aikin har sai sun gamsar da bukatun ka'idoji. === Korafi daga Jami'an Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli === NESREA ta fara kawance da rundunar [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|‘Yan Sandan Najeriya]] don karfafa ayyukansu na tilastawa. Wannan bai yi wa Jami'an Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli dadi ba, wadanda suka yi korafin cewa ya kamata hukumar ta yi amfani da ayyukan su tare da karfafa su, maimakon barin 'yan sanda su kwace ikon su na doka. === Rikici kan bangyaren sadarwa === A shekara ta 2012, NESREA, saboda korafin da jama’a suka yi mata, ta rufe wani katafaren tashar mallakar daya daga cikin kamfanonin sadarwa a ƙasar. Wannan ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tsakanin su da Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya (NCC), wacce ta yi ikirarin cewa (NESREA) ba ta da hurumin daidaita harkar sadarwa a kasar. (NESREA) a daya bangaren kuma ta yi muhawara kan amfani da ka’idar kariya lokacin da kamfanoni suka kafa hanyoyin sadarwa, suna neman a raba tashoshin jiragen a kalla mita 10 daga wuraren da ake zaune, daidai da dokokin muhalli na Najeriya, sabanin mita 5 da aka amince da su Dokokin (NCC). Daga karshe, hukumomin biyu sun warware sabanin da ke tsakaninsu kuma sun amince su yi aiki tare.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leadership.ng/news/502681/nesrea-police-collaborate-curtail-environmental-crime|title=NESREA, Police Collaborate To Curtail Environmental Crime|publisher=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221194208/http://www.leadership.ng/news/502681/nesrea-police-collaborate-curtail-environmental-crime|archive-date=21 February 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ehoafrica.com/2016/03/danger-looms-for-environmental-health.html|title=Danger looms for Environmental Health Profession as NESREA Plans Extinction|publisher=EHO Africa|accessdate=14 June 2016}} {{dead link|date=September 2018}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.nesrea.gov.ng Hukumar Ka'idoji da Ka'idoji ta Kasa (NESREA)] [[Category:Muhalli]] [[Category:Ƴancin ɗan adam]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin taimako a Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƙungiyoyi]] l9ftfzsoulhmhl5f6fb9lha7c9em0yr 890537 890536 2026-08-02T10:57:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 890537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Rochdale MBC's Environmental Management Headquarters - geograph.org.uk - 2506115.jpg|thumb]] '''Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da Ka'idoji ta Kasa''' '''(wacce''' aka fi sani da N.E.S.R.E.A), ita ce hukumar kula da muhalli ta Gwamnatin Tarayyar [[Najeriya]] wacce doka ta kafa a shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai 2007 dan "tabbatar da tsaftace muhalli da lafiyar 'yan [[Najeriya]]" A dillancin ayyuka a matsayin parastatal na Ma'aikatar muhalli da kuma gangarawa zuwa wani Darakta Janar wanda shi ma babban jami'i ne. (NESREA) ta rubuta nasarori da dama a fannin kula da kiyaye muhalli da aiwatar da su tun bayan kafa ta, gami da ƙaddamar da ƙa'idoji da yawa game da kiyaye muhalli, sa ido kan kiyaye muhalli da aiwatar da su.<ref>Ogbodo, Dr. S. Gozie (2009) "Environmental Protection in Nigeria: Two Decades After the Koko Incident," Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law: Vol. 15 : Iss. 1, Article 2.</ref><ref>Federal Environmental Protection Agency (Amendment) Decree". www.commonlii.org. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</ref><ref>Stakeholder Workshop on Air quality and transportation challenges in Nigeria and agenda for Clean Air Action Plan". www.cseindia.org. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref><ref>"Laws & Regulations | US EPA". US EPA. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</ref><ref>Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref><ref>Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref><ref>"Buhari appoints Jauro as NESREA DG". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.</ref><ref>Court bars states on the issuance of EIA approval certificate". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2016.</ref> == Tarihi == Bukatar cibiyoyin gwamnati da zasu magance matsalolin muhalli a Najeriya ya bayyana ne biyo bayan al'amarin sharar gubar Koko a shekarar ta alif dubu da dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988. Wannan ya sa gwamnatin lokacin, karkashin jagorancin [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]], ta fitar da doka ta hamsin da takwas 58 ta shekara alif dubu da dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988, ta kafa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Tarayya (FEPA) a matsayin mai kula da muhalli a kasar. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ayyukan F.E.P.A sun kasance cikin tsarin ma'aikatar muhalli ta tarayya, wacce ita ce kungiyar da ke tsara manufofi kan al'amuran muhalli a Najeriya. Amma duk da haka kuma ya bayyana cewa akwai bukatar samar da tsauraran matakai don magance matsalolin muhalli na kasar, sanannen cikinsu akwai kwararowar Hamada[[Gandun-daji|, sare daji da]] sauri, zaizayar bakin teku da guguwar iska, gami da yawan zafin muhalli da mutum yayi. rashin tsabtace muhalli, gurɓatar iska da kuma sharar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yunƙurin duniya zuwa ga cigaba mai ɗorewa a bayan taron Millennium da Taron Duniya kan cigaba mai ɗorewa, da jagorancin Nijeriya a cikin shirye-shiryen cigaban yanki kamar ''New Partnership for Africa's Development'' (N.E.P.A.D) ya haɓaka wayar da kan muhalli tsakanin masu yanke shawara na ƙasar...<ref>FG threatens to sanction state agencies issuing fake EIA certificates". News Agency of Nigeria. Retrieved 15 June 2016. [dead link]</ref><ref>"Customs arrests Chinese, Malian for 'smuggling'". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 12 May 2013. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2016.</ref><ref>Experts call for community involvement in tackling Nigeria's illegal pangolin trade". BusinessDay. Lagos, Nigeria. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>NESREA rescues lion cub from two wildlife syndicate". Nigerian Tribune. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Agency rescues lion cub from traffickers in Abuja". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Lion Cub Rescued In Abuja, Suspected Traffickers Arrested". Channels Television. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Lion Cub Rescued In Abuja, Suspected Traffickers Arrested". Channels Television. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Group decries non-compliance with used battery disposal by telcos". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Okorhi, Johnson; Amadi-echendu, Joe; Olubunmi Aderemi, Helen (May 2015). "New Technology Frontiers in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Addressing the E-waste Management Strategies in South Eastern Nigeria". Partnerships for Innovation-Based Development (1st ed.). Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University Printing Press. pp. 309–338.</ref> A shekara ta 2007, a gwamnatin shugaban Nijeriya [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua]], [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar dokokin Najeriya ta]] kafa dokar kafa hukumar " ''don kariya da ci gaban muhalli, kiyaye halittu da ci gaba mai dorewa na albarkatun kasa na Najeriya gaba daya da fasahar muhalli. gami da daidaitawa, da kuma yin hulda da, masu ruwa da tsaki a ciki da wajen Najeriya kan lamuran aiwatar da ka'idojin muhalli, ka'idoji, dokoki, dokoki, manufofi da ka'idoji.'' " <ref>National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment), 2007. Act No. 25, 30 July 2007</ref>.<ref>NESREA urges compliance with EPR policy on solid waste". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 14 December 2015. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"NESREA collaborates with NASS, MAN on producer responsibility programme". Leadership. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>NESREA ready to improve waste management practices". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Staff Writer (19 October 2012). "Upcoming Nollywood Sensation: Kiki Omeili and Lekki Wives!". Connectnigeria Articles. Retrieved 15 October 2023.</ref><ref>"FG drags C' River to court over superhighway". The Punch. 22 April 2016. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</ref><ref>Nigeria Police to create special unit to support NESREA | Premium Times Nigeria". 20 June 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> == Tsarin kungiya == NESREA tana karkashin jagorancin Darakta Janar wanda kuma shi ne Babban Darakta; shugabar ma'aikatar har zuwa watan Fabrairun Shekara ta 2015 ta kasance masaniyar lafiyar jama'a, Dokta Ngeri Benebo kuma ta ba da ita ga Dokta Lawrence Anukam, wani darektan da ya gabata na hukumar Prof. ne. Shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya nada Aliyu Jauro a matsayin Darakta Janar a shekara ta 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenationonlineng.net/jonathan-appoints-anukam-nesrea-boss/ | title=Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss | publisher=The Nation | accessdate=20 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215103558/http://thenationonlineng.net/jonathan-appoints-anukam-nesrea-boss/ | archive-date=2015-12-15 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-appoints-jauro-as-nesrea-dg/|title=Buhari appoints Jauro as NESREA DG|date=25 March 2019|website=thenationonlineng.net|accessdate=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326143925/http://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-appoints-jauro-as-nesrea-dg/|archive-date=26 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>NESREA partners police on combating environmental crimes". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref><ref>NESREA, Police Collaborate To Curtail Environmental Crime". Leadership. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Danger looms for Environmental Health Profession as NESREA Plans Extinction". EHO Africa. Retrieved 14 June 2016. [dead link]</ref><ref>"FRESH TROUBLE IN TELECOM SECTOR". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref><ref>Revisiting NCC, NESREA clash over masts". Peoples Daily. Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"NCC warns NESREA on usurping its responsibilities". Channels Television. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> == Ayyuka == Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya ce ta ɗauki ayyukan (F.E.P.A), lokacin da aka shigar da wannan hukumar cikin tsarinta. Don haka, Ma'aikatar ce ke aiwatar da kimanta tasirin muhalli (E.I.A.s) kuma Ministan ne kawai ke da ikon bayar da sanarwa game da tasirin muhalli (E.I.S). Tare da kirkirar (N.E.S.R.E.A), an dauke shi da nauyin aiwatar da (E.I.A.s) a Nijeriya. Ko da yake Nijeriya gudanar da wani tarayya tsarin gwamnati, da kasa yankuna (da aka sani da ba su iko ga fitowa da wannan daftarin aiki. Wannan ya kasance batun da ake rikici a cikin kasar har sai (N.E.S.R.E.A) ta sami hukuncin kotu kan cewa doka ba ta ba da izinin Amurka su gudanar da EIA ba.<ref>Ogboru, T. "NESREA and NCC Regulations on Telecommunication Masts: Implementing the Precautionary Principle". Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy. 5 (1): 55–70. Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Environmental safety: NESREA, NCC partner to check telecom operators". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"Government amends NESREA Act, set to tackle environmental crimes". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2022.</ref><ref>OALP (19 March 2019). "Key Amendments to the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment) Act | The Estero". Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> === Cinikin haramtacciyar hanya a cikin jinsunan namun daji === Najeriya ta sanya hannu a CITES kuma NESREA ta kasance bangaren gwamnati da ke aiwatar da kamewa da kuma hukunta laifukan cinikin namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba a Najeriya. Hukumar ta yi rikodin kame-kame da dama na nau'ikan dabbobi da sassan dabbobi wadanda ake jigilarsu ta tashar jiragen ruwanta tare da gurfanar da wasu fitattun shari'oi, gami da wadanda ba 'yan asalin kasar ba, wasu daga cikinsu an yanke musu hukuncin zaman gidan yari. === Sharar lantarki === N.E.S.R.E.A (tare da sauran hukumomin gwamnati) ta dauki alhakin gano lodin kayayyakin da suka tsufa da amfani da kayan lantarki da lantarki da ake shirin watsarwa a cikin kasar, tare da mayar da su tashar jiragen ruwa na asali. A halin yanzu Najeriya na fuskantar bunkasar amfani da kayan fasaha wanda ke haifar da yawan samar da sharar lantarki a cikin biranen. A sakamakon haka, N.E.S.R.E.A fara aiki a wannan bangaren tsayar da aikace-aikace na Extended m alhakin manufa a sharar gida management (sauran sassa na tattalin arzikin kamar da abinci da kuma abin sha masana'antu ma hannu). Don cimma wannan, sun kafa wani shiri a duk ƙasar kuma sun buga jagororin don 'yan wasan masana'antar da suka dace. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://guardian.ng/property/nesrea-urges-compliance-with-epr-policy-on-solid-waste/ | title=NESREA urges compliance with EPR policy on solid waste | publisher=The Nation | accessdate=14 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919161417/http://guardian.ng/property/nesrea-urges-compliance-with-epr-policy-on-solid-waste/ | archive-date=19 September 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/news/519336/nesrea-collaborates-nass-man-producer-responsibility-programme|title=NESREA collaborates with NASS, MAN on producer responsibility programme|publisher=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421041312/http://leadership.ng/news/519336/nesrea-collaborates-nass-man-producer-responsibility-programme|archive-date=21 April 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/nesrea-begins-product-responsibility-policy-enforcement/|title=NESREA begins product responsibility programme|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119150224/http://thenationonlineng.net/nesrea-begins-product-responsibility-policy-enforcement/|archive-date=2017-11-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/environment/30408-nesrea-ready-to-improve-waste-management-practices|title=NESREA ready to improve waste management practices|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117094730/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/environment/30408-nesrea-ready-to-improve-waste-management-practices|archive-date=17 November 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basel.int/Portals/4/Basel%20Convention/docs/eWaste/E-waste_Abudja_Platform_20090821.pdf|title=Communiqué The Abuja Platform on E-Waste|publisher=Basel Convention|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203220/http://www.basel.int/Portals/4/Basel%20Convention/docs/eWaste/E-waste_Abudja_Platform_20090821.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, NESREA ta dauki nauyin taron kasa da kasa kan zubar da shara, in ba haka ba ana kiranta '''Dandalin Abuja''', don tunkarar matsalar ta fuskoki da yawa. === Wayewar jama'a === An san hukumar ne da bayar da wani shiri na TV / Rediyo na mako-mako, "NESREA Watch", wanda ke da 'yan wasa da suka hada da mashahuran masu fasahar Najeriya kamar [[Kiki Omeili]]. == Sanannun lokuta == === Aikin babbar hanyar Calabar === Manyan Jihohi sun shirya gina 260&nbsp;babbar hanyar daga [[Kalaba|Calabar]] zuwa [[Katsina-Ala]], duk a cikin Najeriya. Duk da haka, da hanya ya gudu ta hanyar daya daga cikin kasar ruwan tekun Atlantika rainforests . Wannan ya haifar da hayaniya daga masu rajin kare muhalli na cikin gida da na waje wadanda suka yi korafin cewa [[Cross River|Gwamnatin Jihar Kuros Riba]] ba ta nemi shawara sosai ba kafin fara wannan gagarumin aikin. (NESREA) wacce ta bayar da umarnin dakatar da aikin ginin lokacin da aka san cewa ba a aiwatar da EIA ba, daga baya kuma, ta kai Gwamnatin Jihar Kuros Riba kotu domin ta dakatar da su daga cigaba da aikin har sai sun gamsar da bukatun ka'idoji. === Korafi daga Jami'an Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli === NESREA ta fara kawance da rundunar [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|‘Yan Sandan Najeriya]] don karfafa ayyukansu na tilastawa. Wannan bai yi wa Jami'an Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli dadi ba, wadanda suka yi korafin cewa ya kamata hukumar ta yi amfani da ayyukan su tare da karfafa su, maimakon barin 'yan sanda su kwace ikon su na doka. === Rikici kan bangyaren sadarwa === A shekara ta 2012, NESREA, saboda korafin da jama’a suka yi mata, ta rufe wani katafaren tashar mallakar daya daga cikin kamfanonin sadarwa a ƙasar. Wannan ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tsakanin su da Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya (NCC), wacce ta yi ikirarin cewa (NESREA) ba ta da hurumin daidaita harkar sadarwa a kasar. (NESREA) a daya bangaren kuma ta yi muhawara kan amfani da ka’idar kariya lokacin da kamfanoni suka kafa hanyoyin sadarwa, suna neman a raba tashoshin jiragen a kalla mita 10 daga wuraren da ake zaune, daidai da dokokin muhalli na Najeriya, sabanin mita 5 da aka amince da su Dokokin (NCC). Daga karshe, hukumomin biyu sun warware sabanin da ke tsakaninsu kuma sun amince su yi aiki tare.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leadership.ng/news/502681/nesrea-police-collaborate-curtail-environmental-crime|title=NESREA, Police Collaborate To Curtail Environmental Crime|publisher=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221194208/http://www.leadership.ng/news/502681/nesrea-police-collaborate-curtail-environmental-crime|archive-date=21 February 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ehoafrica.com/2016/03/danger-looms-for-environmental-health.html|title=Danger looms for Environmental Health Profession as NESREA Plans Extinction|publisher=EHO Africa|accessdate=14 June 2016}} {{dead link|date=September 2018}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.nesrea.gov.ng Hukumar Ka'idoji da Ka'idoji ta Kasa (NESREA)] [[Category:Muhalli]] [[Category:Ƴancin ɗan adam]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin taimako a Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƙungiyoyi]] kc0tglw79flzrzjg9igrspkv83w6k6u 890538 890537 2026-08-02T10:58:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 890538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Rochdale MBC's Environmental Management Headquarters - geograph.org.uk - 2506115.jpg|thumb]] '''Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da Ka'idoji ta Kasa''' '''(wacce''' aka fi sani da N.E.S.R.E.A), ita ce hukumar kula da muhalli ta Gwamnatin Tarayyar [[Najeriya]] wacce doka ta kafa a shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai 2007 dan "tabbatar da tsaftace muhalli da lafiyar 'yan [[Najeriya]]" A dillancin ayyuka a matsayin parastatal na Ma'aikatar muhalli da kuma gangarawa zuwa wani Darakta Janar wanda shi ma babban jami'i ne. (NESREA) ta rubuta nasarori da dama a fannin kula da kiyaye muhalli da aiwatar da su tun bayan kafa ta, gami da ƙaddamar da ƙa'idoji da yawa game da kiyaye muhalli, sa ido kan kiyaye muhalli da aiwatar da su.<ref>Ogbodo, Dr. S. Gozie (2009) "Environmental Protection in Nigeria: Two Decades After the Koko Incident," Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law: Vol. 15 : Iss. 1, Article 2.</ref><ref>Federal Environmental Protection Agency (Amendment) Decree". www.commonlii.org. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</ref><ref>Stakeholder Workshop on Air quality and transportation challenges in Nigeria and agenda for Clean Air Action Plan". www.cseindia.org. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref><ref>"Laws & Regulations | US EPA". US EPA. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</ref><ref>Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref><ref>Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</ref><ref>"Buhari appoints Jauro as NESREA DG". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.</ref><ref>Court bars states on the issuance of EIA approval certificate". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2016.</ref> == Tarihi == Bukatar cibiyoyin gwamnati da zasu magance matsalolin muhalli a Najeriya ya bayyana ne biyo bayan al'amarin sharar gubar Koko a shekarar ta alif dubu da dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988. Wannan ya sa gwamnatin lokacin, karkashin jagorancin [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]], ta fitar da doka ta hamsin da takwas 58 ta shekara alif dubu da dari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988, ta kafa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Tarayya (FEPA) a matsayin mai kula da muhalli a kasar. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ayyukan F.E.P.A sun kasance cikin tsarin ma'aikatar muhalli ta tarayya, wacce ita ce kungiyar da ke tsara manufofi kan al'amuran muhalli a Najeriya. Amma duk da haka kuma ya bayyana cewa akwai bukatar samar da tsauraran matakai don magance matsalolin muhalli na kasar, sanannen cikinsu akwai kwararowar Hamada[[Gandun-daji|, sare daji da]] sauri, zaizayar bakin teku da guguwar iska, gami da yawan zafin muhalli da mutum yayi. rashin tsabtace muhalli, gurɓatar iska da kuma sharar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yunƙurin duniya zuwa ga cigaba mai ɗorewa a bayan taron Millennium da Taron Duniya kan cigaba mai ɗorewa, da jagorancin Nijeriya a cikin shirye-shiryen cigaban yanki kamar ''New Partnership for Africa's Development'' (N.E.P.A.D) ya haɓaka wayar da kan muhalli tsakanin masu yanke shawara na ƙasar...<ref>FG threatens to sanction state agencies issuing fake EIA certificates". News Agency of Nigeria. Retrieved 15 June 2016. [dead link]</ref><ref>"Customs arrests Chinese, Malian for 'smuggling'". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 12 May 2013. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2016.</ref><ref>Experts call for community involvement in tackling Nigeria's illegal pangolin trade". BusinessDay. Lagos, Nigeria. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>NESREA rescues lion cub from two wildlife syndicate". Nigerian Tribune. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Agency rescues lion cub from traffickers in Abuja". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Lion Cub Rescued In Abuja, Suspected Traffickers Arrested". Channels Television. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Lion Cub Rescued In Abuja, Suspected Traffickers Arrested". Channels Television. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Group decries non-compliance with used battery disposal by telcos". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</ref><ref>Okorhi, Johnson; Amadi-echendu, Joe; Olubunmi Aderemi, Helen (May 2015). "New Technology Frontiers in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: Addressing the E-waste Management Strategies in South Eastern Nigeria". Partnerships for Innovation-Based Development (1st ed.). Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University Printing Press. pp. 309–338.</ref> A shekara ta 2007, a gwamnatin shugaban Nijeriya [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua]], [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar dokokin Najeriya ta]] kafa dokar kafa hukumar " ''don kariya da ci gaban muhalli, kiyaye halittu da ci gaba mai dorewa na albarkatun kasa na Najeriya gaba daya da fasahar muhalli. gami da daidaitawa, da kuma yin hulda da, masu ruwa da tsaki a ciki da wajen Najeriya kan lamuran aiwatar da ka'idojin muhalli, ka'idoji, dokoki, dokoki, manufofi da ka'idoji.'' " <ref>National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment), 2007. Act No. 25, 30 July 2007</ref>.<ref>NESREA urges compliance with EPR policy on solid waste". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 14 December 2015. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"NESREA collaborates with NASS, MAN on producer responsibility programme". Leadership. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>NESREA ready to improve waste management practices". Daily Trust. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Staff Writer (19 October 2012). "Upcoming Nollywood Sensation: Kiki Omeili and Lekki Wives!". Connectnigeria Articles. Retrieved 15 October 2023.</ref><ref>"FG drags C' River to court over superhighway". The Punch. 22 April 2016. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</ref><ref>Nigeria Police to create special unit to support NESREA | Premium Times Nigeria". 20 June 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> == Tsarin kungiya == NESREA tana karkashin jagorancin Darakta Janar wanda kuma shi ne Babban Darakta; shugabar ma'aikatar har zuwa watan Fabrairun Shekara ta 2015 ta kasance masaniyar lafiyar jama'a, Dokta Ngeri Benebo kuma ta ba da ita ga Dokta Lawrence Anukam, wani darektan da ya gabata na hukumar Prof. ne. Shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya nada Aliyu Jauro a matsayin Darakta Janar a shekara ta 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenationonlineng.net/jonathan-appoints-anukam-nesrea-boss/ | title=Jonathan appoints Anukam as NESREA boss | publisher=The Nation | accessdate=20 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215103558/http://thenationonlineng.net/jonathan-appoints-anukam-nesrea-boss/ | archive-date=2015-12-15 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-appoints-jauro-as-nesrea-dg/|title=Buhari appoints Jauro as NESREA DG|date=25 March 2019|website=thenationonlineng.net|accessdate=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326143925/http://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-appoints-jauro-as-nesrea-dg/|archive-date=26 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>NESREA partners police on combating environmental crimes". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref><ref>NESREA, Police Collaborate To Curtail Environmental Crime". Leadership. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Danger looms for Environmental Health Profession as NESREA Plans Extinction". EHO Africa. Retrieved 14 June 2016. [dead link]</ref><ref>"FRESH TROUBLE IN TELECOM SECTOR". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref><ref>Revisiting NCC, NESREA clash over masts". Peoples Daily. Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"NCC warns NESREA on usurping its responsibilities". Channels Television. Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> == Ayyuka == Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya ce ta ɗauki ayyukan (F.E.P.A), lokacin da aka shigar da wannan hukumar cikin tsarinta. Don haka, Ma'aikatar ce ke aiwatar da kimanta tasirin muhalli (E.I.A.s) kuma Ministan ne kawai ke da ikon bayar da sanarwa game da tasirin muhalli (E.I.S). Tare da kirkirar (N.E.S.R.E.A), an dauke shi da nauyin aiwatar da (E.I.A.s) a Nijeriya. Ko da yake Nijeriya gudanar da wani tarayya tsarin gwamnati, da kasa yankuna (da aka sani da ba su iko ga fitowa da wannan daftarin aiki. Wannan ya kasance batun da ake rikici a cikin kasar har sai (N.E.S.R.E.A) ta sami hukuncin kotu kan cewa doka ba ta ba da izinin Amurka su gudanar da EIA ba.<ref>Ogboru, T. "NESREA and NCC Regulations on Telecommunication Masts: Implementing the Precautionary Principle". Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy. 5 (1): 55–70. Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>Environmental safety: NESREA, NCC partner to check telecom operators". The Nation. Lagos, Nigeria. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.</ref><ref>"Government amends NESREA Act, set to tackle environmental crimes". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2022.</ref><ref>OALP (19 March 2019). "Key Amendments to the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment) Act | The Estero". Retrieved 3 April 2022.</ref> === Cinikin haramtacciyar hanya a cikin jinsunan namun daji === Najeriya ta sanya hannu a CITES kuma NESREA ta kasance bangaren gwamnati da ke aiwatar da kamewa da kuma hukunta laifukan cinikin namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba a Najeriya. Hukumar ta yi rikodin kame-kame da dama na nau'ikan dabbobi da sassan dabbobi wadanda ake jigilarsu ta tashar jiragen ruwanta tare da gurfanar da wasu fitattun shari'oi, gami da wadanda ba 'yan asalin kasar ba, wasu daga cikinsu an yanke musu hukuncin zaman gidan yari. === Sharar lantarki === N.E.S.R.E.A (tare da sauran hukumomin gwamnati) ta dauki alhakin gano lodin kayayyakin da suka tsufa da amfani da kayan lantarki da lantarki da ake shirin watsarwa a cikin kasar, tare da mayar da su tashar jiragen ruwa na asali. A halin yanzu Najeriya na fuskantar bunkasar amfani da kayan fasaha wanda ke haifar da yawan samar da sharar lantarki a cikin biranen. A sakamakon haka, N.E.S.R.E.A fara aiki a wannan bangaren tsayar da aikace-aikace na Extended m alhakin manufa a sharar gida management (sauran sassa na tattalin arzikin kamar da abinci da kuma abin sha masana'antu ma hannu). Don cimma wannan, sun kafa wani shiri a duk ƙasar kuma sun buga jagororin don 'yan wasan masana'antar da suka dace. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://guardian.ng/property/nesrea-urges-compliance-with-epr-policy-on-solid-waste/ | title=NESREA urges compliance with EPR policy on solid waste | publisher=The Nation | accessdate=14 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919161417/http://guardian.ng/property/nesrea-urges-compliance-with-epr-policy-on-solid-waste/ | archive-date=19 September 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/news/519336/nesrea-collaborates-nass-man-producer-responsibility-programme|title=NESREA collaborates with NASS, MAN on producer responsibility programme|publisher=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421041312/http://leadership.ng/news/519336/nesrea-collaborates-nass-man-producer-responsibility-programme|archive-date=21 April 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/nesrea-begins-product-responsibility-policy-enforcement/|title=NESREA begins product responsibility programme|publisher=The Nation|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119150224/http://thenationonlineng.net/nesrea-begins-product-responsibility-policy-enforcement/|archive-date=2017-11-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/environment/30408-nesrea-ready-to-improve-waste-management-practices|title=NESREA ready to improve waste management practices|publisher=Daily Trust|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117094730/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/environment/30408-nesrea-ready-to-improve-waste-management-practices|archive-date=17 November 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basel.int/Portals/4/Basel%20Convention/docs/eWaste/E-waste_Abudja_Platform_20090821.pdf|title=Communiqué The Abuja Platform on E-Waste|publisher=Basel Convention|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203220/http://www.basel.int/Portals/4/Basel%20Convention/docs/eWaste/E-waste_Abudja_Platform_20090821.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, NESREA ta dauki nauyin taron kasa da kasa kan zubar da shara, in ba haka ba ana kiranta '''Dandalin Abuja''', don tunkarar matsalar ta fuskoki da yawa. === Wayewar jama'a === An san hukumar ne da bayar da wani shiri na TV / Rediyo na mako-mako, "NESREA Watch", wanda ke da 'yan wasa da suka hada da mashahuran masu fasahar Najeriya kamar [[Kiki Omeili]]. == Sanannun lokuta == === Aikin babbar hanyar Calabar === Manyan Jihohi sun shirya gina 260&nbsp;babbar hanyar daga [[Kalaba|Calabar]] zuwa [[Katsina-Ala]], duk a cikin Najeriya. Duk da haka, da hanya ya gudu ta hanyar daya daga cikin kasar ruwan tekun Atlantika rainforests . Wannan ya haifar da hayaniya daga masu rajin kare muhalli na cikin gida da na waje wadanda suka yi korafin cewa [[Cross River|Gwamnatin Jihar Kuros Riba]] ba ta nemi shawara sosai ba kafin fara wannan gagarumin aikin. (NESREA) wacce ta bayar da umarnin dakatar da aikin ginin lokacin da aka san cewa ba a aiwatar da EIA ba, daga baya kuma, ta kai Gwamnatin Jihar Kuros Riba kotu domin ta dakatar da su daga cigaba da aikin har sai sun gamsar da bukatun ka'idoji. === Korafi daga Jami'an Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli === NESREA ta fara kawance da rundunar [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|‘Yan Sandan Najeriya]] don karfafa ayyukansu na tilastawa. Wannan bai yi wa Jami'an Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli dadi ba, wadanda suka yi korafin cewa ya kamata hukumar ta yi amfani da ayyukan su tare da karfafa su, maimakon barin 'yan sanda su kwace ikon su na doka. === Rikici kan bangyaren sadarwa === A shekara ta 2012, NESREA, saboda korafin da jama’a suka yi mata, ta rufe wani katafaren tashar mallakar daya daga cikin kamfanonin sadarwa a ƙasar. Wannan ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tsakanin su da Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya (NCC), wacce ta yi ikirarin cewa (NESREA) ba ta da hurumin daidaita harkar sadarwa a kasar. (NESREA) a daya bangaren kuma ta yi muhawara kan amfani da ka’idar kariya lokacin da kamfanoni suka kafa hanyoyin sadarwa, suna neman a raba tashoshin jiragen a kalla mita 10 daga wuraren da ake zaune, daidai da dokokin muhalli na Najeriya, sabanin mita 5 da aka amince da su Dokokin (NCC). Daga karshe, hukumomin biyu sun warware sabanin da ke tsakaninsu kuma sun amince su yi aiki tare.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leadership.ng/news/502681/nesrea-police-collaborate-curtail-environmental-crime|title=NESREA, Police Collaborate To Curtail Environmental Crime|publisher=Leadership Newspaper|accessdate=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221194208/http://www.leadership.ng/news/502681/nesrea-police-collaborate-curtail-environmental-crime|archive-date=21 February 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ehoafrica.com/2016/03/danger-looms-for-environmental-health.html|title=Danger looms for Environmental Health Profession as NESREA Plans Extinction|publisher=EHO Africa|accessdate=14 June 2016}} {{dead link|date=September 2018}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.nesrea.gov.ng Hukumar Ka'idoji da Ka'idoji ta Kasa (NESREA)] [[Category:Muhalli]] [[Category:Ƴancin ɗan adam]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin taimako a Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƙungiyoyi]] k9g9epeag1sa0xex4ys0wsd6yy4hqyx 0 23537 890354 730978 2026-08-01T23:42:59Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 890354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ghanaian Jollof Rice.jpg|thumb|dafaffiyan shinkafa]] '''Dafa-duka''' (/dʒəˈlɒf/), na '''shinkafa dafa duka''' ('''''jollof rice''''' da Turanci), [[shinkafa]] ce daga Yammacin Afirka. A girke-girke galibi ana yin shi da shinkafa mai dogon hatsi, tumatir, albasa, kayan yaji, kayan lambu da nama a cikin tukunya guda ɗaya, koda yake kayan aikin sa da hanyoyin shiri sun bambanta a yankuna daban-daban. == Tarihi da asali == [[File:Jollop.jpg|thumb|shinkafa dafa duka da kayan lambu]] Asalin shinkafar jollof za a iya gano ta a yankin Senegambian wanda Wolof ko Jolof Empire ke mulkin a ƙarni na 14, wanda ya mamaye sassan Senegal na yau, Gambiya da Mauritania, inda kuma aka noma shinkafa. Tasa tana da asali a cikin wani abincin gargajiya da ake kira thieboudienne, mai ɗauke da shinkafa, kifi, ƙwarya da kayan lambu.<ref name="Sloley 2021">{{cite web|last=Sloley|first=Patti|title=Jollof Wars: Who does West Africa's iconic rice dish best?|website=BBC Travel|date=7 June 2021|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210607-jollof-wars-who-does-west-africas-iconic-rice-dish-best|access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> Masanin tarihin abinci da aikin gona James C. McCann yayi la'akari da wannan ikirarin mai yiwuwa idan aka yi la’akari da shaharar shinkafa a cikin kwarin Niger ta sama, amma yana ganin ba zai yuwu tasa ta iya yaɗuwa daga Senegal zuwa inda take yanzu tunda ba a ganin irin wannan yaɗuwar a cikin “harshe, tsarin siyasa ko tarihi ". Maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar cewa tasa ta yaɗu tare da masarautar Mali, musamman masu sana'ar Djula waɗanda suka bazu ko'ina zuwa cibiyoyin kasuwanci da biranen yanki, tare da ɗaukar fasahar tattalin arziƙin "ƙera, ƙaramin sikelin, da agronomy shinkafa" gami da addini. na Musulunci.<ref name="McCann">{{cite book|last1=McCann|first1=James C.|title=A west African culinary grammar". Stirring the Pot: A History of African Cuisine|date=2009|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0896802728|pages=133–135|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CAhgpbXzq0oC&pg=PA133}}</ref> Marc Dufumier, Farfesa Farfesa na Agronomy ya ba da shawarar asalin kwanan nan don faranti, wanda wataƙila ya fito ne sakamakon haɓaka mulkin mallaka na haɓakar gyada mai ƙarfi a tsakiyar Senegal don masana'antar mai ta Faransa, kuma inda ya yi daidai gwargwado a yankin da aka [[shuka]]. Abincin gero da na masara na gargajiya an biya diyya ta hanyar shigo da fasa shinkafa daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Recette : le thiéboudiène de Marc Dufumier|first=Marc|last=Dufumier|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-gastronomie/article/2018/03/30/recette-le-thieboudiene-de-marc-dufumier_5278664_4497540.html|date=March 30, 2018|publisher=[[Le Monde]]|access-date=2018-10-27}}</ref> Wataƙila daga nan ya bazu ko'ina cikin yankin ta hanyoyin kasuwanci na tarihi, al'adu da addinan tarihi da ke haɗa Senegal da Ghana, Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe, yawancinsu suna ci gaba da bunƙasa a yau, kamar ƙungiyar 'yan uwan ​​Tijjaniyyah Sufi da ke kawo dubban mahajjatan Afirka ta Yamma zuwa Senegal a kowace shekara. == Yankin ƙasa da bambance -bambancen karatu == Shinkafar Jollof na ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi sani da shi a Yammacin Afirka. Akwai bambance -bambancen yanki da yawa a cikin suna da kayan masarufi,<ref name="Diner's Dictionary">{{cite book|last1=Ayto|first1=John|title=The Diner's Dictionary: Word Origins of Food and Drink|edition=2nd|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199640249|page=[https://archive.org/details/dinersdictionary0000ayto/page/188 188]|url=https://archive.org/details/dinersdictionary0000ayto|url-access=registration|chapter=Jollof rice}}</ref> alal misali, a Mali ana kiransa ''zaamè'' a Bamanankan. Sunan ''Jollof'' na yau da kullun ya samo asali ne daga sunan mutanen Wolof,<ref name="Asare">{{cite book|last=Osseo-Asare|first=Fran|title=Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1s-a7EMM6BgC&pg=FA162|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32488-8|pages=33, 162}}</ref> kodayake a Senegal da Gambia ana kiran tasa a cikin Wolof ''ceebu jën'' ko ''benachin''. A yankunan da ake magana da Faransanci, ana kiranta ''riz au gras''. Duk da bambance -bambancen, tasa tana da “fahimtar juna” a duk yankuna kuma ya zama sanannen sanannen abincin Afirka a wajen nahiyar.<ref name="McCann"/><ref name="Oxford Companion">{{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Alan|author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer)|title=The Oxford Companion to Food|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=FA434|date=11 August 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-967733-7|page=434|chapter=Jollof rice}}</ref><ref name="Edge2014">{{cite book|last1=Brasseaux|first1=Ryan A.|last2=Brasseaux|first2=Carl A.|editor=Edge, John T.|title=The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 7: Foodways|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s-qnAgAAQBAJ|date=1 February 2014|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-1-4696-1652-0|page=188|chapter=Jambalaya}}</ref><ref name="Anderson2014">{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=E. N.|title=Everyone Eats: Understanding Food and Culture, Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hBFoAgAAQBAJ&pg=FA106|date=7 February 2014|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-8916-2|page=106}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buzzghana.com/ghana-jollof-recipe-steps/|title=Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way|date=2017-09-05|website=BuzzGhana - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> == Sinadaran == [[File:Fried_Rice,_Jollof_rice_and_salad,_served_with_Grilled_Chicken.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fried_Rice,_Jollof_rice_and_salad,_served_with_Grilled_Chicken.jpg|thumb|Soyayyen shinkafa, shinkafar jollof da salatin, tayi tare da gasasshen kaza]] Shinkafar Jollof a gargajiyance ta ƙunshi shinkafa, man girki, kayan lambu irin su tumatur, albasa, jan barkono, tafarnuwa, ginger da barkono barkono. Don haɓaka launi na tasa, ana ƙara manna tumatir (purée). A matsayin kayan yaji, gishiri, kayan kamshi/cubes (cakuda kayan haɓaka dandano, gishiri, nutmeg da ganye), curry foda da busasshen thyme ana amfani da su. Don haɗa tasa, galibi ana ba da kaza, turkey, naman sa, ko kifi tare da tasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Classic Nigerian Jollof Rice Recipe on Food52|url=https://food52.com/recipes/61557-classic-nigerian-jollof-rice|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Food52|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buzzghana.com/ghana-jollof-recipe-steps/|title=Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way|date=2017-09-05|website=BuzzGhana - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref><ref name="Sloley 2021"/> == Bambance -bambancen yanki da kishiya == Kowace ƙasa ta Yammacin Afirka tana da nau'in abinci iri ɗaya, tare da Ghana, Najeriya, Saliyo, Laberiya da Kamaru musamman gasa ga wacce ƙasa ce ta fi yin jollof.<ref name="Sloley 2021"/> Wannan ya shahara musamman tsakanin Najeriya da ƙasar Ghana,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Oderinde|first1=Busayo|title=Busayo Oderinde: The Nigerian Versus Ghanaian Jollof Rice Debate|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/07/busayo-oderinde-the-nigerian-versus-ghanaian-jollof-rice-debate/|website=Bella Naija|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref> a fafatawar da aka yiwa lakabi da "Jollof Wars".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-04|title=Know the Differences Between Nigerian and Ghanaian Jollof Rice|url=https://www.demandafrica.com/food/know-the-differences-between-nigerian-and-ghanaian-jollof-rice/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=Demand Africa|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/a-brief-history-of-jollof-rice-a-west-african-favourite/|title=A Brief History of Jollof Rice, a West African Favourite|last=Adam|first=Hakeem|website=Culture Trip|access-date=2020-01-16|archive-date=2023-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920232242/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/a-brief-history-of-jollof-rice-a-west-african-favourite|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Jollof na Najeriya === Kodayake akwai babban bambanci, ainihin bayanin martabar shinkafar jollof na Najeriya ya haɗa da doguwar shinkafa mai hatsi, tumatir da manna tumatir, barkono, man kayan lambu, albasa, da cubes. Yawancin dafaffen kayan abinci ana dafa su a cikin tukunya ɗaya, wanda wadataccen nama mai nama da soyayyen tumatir da barkono puree na dabi'a shine tushen tushe. Daga nan sai a ƙara shinkafa a bar ta a dafa a cikin ruwa. Daga nan ana ba da tasa tare da furotin ɗin da aka zaɓa kuma galibi tare da soyayyen plantain, moi moi, kayan lambu da aka dafa, coleslaw, salatin, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/rice/nigerian-jollof-rice/|title=How to cook Nigerian Jollof Rice|website=All Nigerian Recipes|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> A cikin yankunan kogin Najeriya inda cin abincin teku shine babban tushen furotin, yawancin abincin teku yana ɗaukar wuri. kaza ko nama a matsayin furotin na zaɓin. === Jollof na Ghana === Shinkafar jollof ta Ghana ana yin ta da man kayan lambu, albasa, barkono barkono, cloves na tafarnuwa da aka matse, barkono, tumatir tumatir, naman sa ko naman akuya ko kaji (wasu lokutan ana musanya su da kayan miya), shinkafa na gida ko tattasai da barkono baƙi. Hanyar dafa jollof tana farawa da fara shirya naman sa ko kaza ta hanyar yaji da soya har sai ta dahu sosai.<ref name="FoodMap">{{cite web|title=Ghana: Jollof Rice|url=http://www.africanfoodmap.com/recipes/recipe-3/|website=The African Food Map|access-date=15 November 2016|archive-date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118090558/http://www.africanfoodmap.com/recipes/recipe-3/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannan ana soya sauran sinadaran gaba ɗaya, ana farawa daga albasa, barkono, manna tumatir, tumatir da kayan ƙanshi a cikin tsari. Bayan an soya dukkan abubuwan da aka haɗa, sai a ƙara shinkafa sannan a dafa har sai an shirya abincin. Yawanci ana ba da jollof na Ghana tare da gefe na naman sa, kaza, soyayyen kifi mai kyau, ko kayan lambu masu gauraye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/105097-traditional-ghanaian-jollof-rice-recipe-2020.html|title=Traditional Ghanaian Jollof Rice Recipe|last=Sekibo|first=Kojo|date=2020-01-14|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-05|title=Ghana Jollof Recipe: Steps To Preparing Jollof Rice The Ghanaian Way|url=https://buzzghana.com/ghana-jollof-recipe-steps/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=BuzzGhana - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref> Hakanan ana ba da Jollof a Ghana tare da shito, sanannen nau'in barkono wanda ya samo asali daga Ghana, da salati yayin bukukuwa da sauran bukukuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/105097-traditional-ghanaian-jollof-rice-recipe-2020.html|title=Traditional Ghanaian Jollof Rice Recipe|last=Sekibo|first=Kojo|date=2020-01-14|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> == Shahara a duniya == Tun daga shekarun 2010 ana samun karuwar sha'awar abinci a Yammacin Afirka a yammacin duniya. An gudanar da bukukuwan abinci na Jollof a Washington, DC, a Amurka, da Toronto, Kanada. Tun daga shekarar 2015 a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta ake bikin "Ranar Jollof ta Duniya", inda ta samu karbuwa a shafukan sada zumunta.<ref name="Sloley 2021" /> == Manazarta == frygaq6e5j2zutdmeo79lf44x69kfau 0 25057 890187 798599 2026-08-01T14:46:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Lost in Siberia LCCN2014636337.jpg|thumb|The Other Woman (Lost)]] [[Fayil:Lost for a woman, and other poems (IA lostforwomanothe00wray).pdf|thumb|lost for a women]] [[Fayil:The Lost Universe Version 1.0.pdf|thumb|The Other Woman (Lost)]] " '''Wata Matar''' " shine kashi 78 na jerin shirye ''-shiryen'' talabijin na wasan kwaikwayo na Lost da kashi na shida na wasan kwaikwayon na kashi na huɗu. An watsa shi a watan Maris 6, 2008 a &nbsp;Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Amurka (ABC) a Amurka da akan CTV a Kanada. Drew Goddard da editan labarin labari Christina M. Kim ne suka rubuta labarin, kuma Eric Laneuville ne ya jagoranci shi. <ref>[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] Medianet, (February&nbsp;15, 2008) "[http://abcmedianet.com/web/dnr/dispDNR.aspx?id=021508_13 Juliet is Paid an Unwelcome Visit by Someone from Her Past and Ordered to Track Down and Stop Charlotte and Faraday from Completing Their Mission]". </ref> Labarin ya fara ne a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 2004, kwanaki 94 bayan faduwar Jirgin Jirgin Sama na Oceanic&nbsp;815. Masu zuqa tsibirin kwanan nan Daniel Faraday (wanda dan wasan shine Jeremy Davies ya buga ) da Charlotte Lewis ( Rebecca Mader ) sun bar sansanin wadanda suka tsira ba tare da sanarwa ga tashar wutar lantarki ta Dharma Initiative da ake kira Tempest ba. A cikin abubuwan haskakawa wadanda ke nuna abubuwan dake faruwa a tsibirin, Juliet Burke ( Elizabeth Mitchell ) ta gano cewa maigidanta Ben Linus ( Michael Emerson ), jagoran asalin mazaunan tsibirin da ake kira Sauran, yana kaunarta. <ref>[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://abc.go.com/primetime/lost/index?pn=recap#t=46481&d=84001 'The Other Woman': Season 4, Episode 406 Recap]". </ref> Marubutan sun habaka layin labarai da yawa tare da "Wata Matar". Labarin ya kara inganta labarin Juliet da alakar sa, yana bada karin haske kan sabbin haruffan kakar, kuma yana nunabayyanar Harper Stanhope ( Andrea Roth ) na farko. Gabatar da Tempest yana kara habbaka jerin 'tatsuniyoyin, musamman' 'tsarkake' '. A cikin kakar ta uku, an ambaci tsabta ce a cikin labarin " Shigar da 77 " kuma an gani a cikin " Mutumin Bayan Rufin ". <ref>Odell, Therese, (May 17, 2007) "[http://blog.chron.com/tubular/2007/05/transcript-from-may-17-lost-chat/ Tubular: Transcript from ''Lost'' Chat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811150250/http://blog.chron.com/tubular/2007/05/transcript-from-may-17-lost-chat/|date=2011-08-11}}", ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''.</ref> Amurkawa miliyan 15 ne suka kalli "Wata Matar" kuma suka sami bita daban-daban. Masu suka daga ''Los Angeles Times'', ''Mako'' -mako na Nishadi, da Buddy TV sun daukw shi mafi munin yanayi na kakar, a wani bangare saboda wani labari na baya-bayan nana wanda da alama an sake sarrafa shi daga wasan na uku, " Daya daga cikin mu ". Wani zargi shine cewa masu sauraro sun koyi Ben sosai fiye da Juliet. Emerson kuma ya sami yabo fiye da Mitchell, wanda ke taka Juliet; duk da haka, Mitchell ta lashe lambar yabo ta Saturn saboda aikinta. Kyakkyawan bita sun yaba da aikin a cikin ƙarshen labarin. == Makirci == Labarin ya bude tare da haskaka rayuwar Juliet a tsibirin bayan daukar ta a watan Satumba na 2001 ta Sauran. <ref>[[Carlton Cuse|Cuse, Carlton]] (writer) & [[Jeff Pinkner|Pinkner, Jeff]] (writer) & [[Stephen Williams (director)|Williams, Stephen]] (director). </ref> Juliet tana da alaka da wani mai suna Goodwin ( Brett Cullen ), wanda ya auri mai ilomin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali Harper Stanhope. Harper ya gano lamarin, kuma ya gargadi Juliet cewa shugabansu Ben zai ladabtar da Goodwin saboda yana da rauni akan Juliet. Bayan faduwar jirgin 815, Ben ya aike shi ya kutsa cikin rukunin fasinjojin da suka tsira; Ana Lucia Cortez ce ta kashe Goodwin bayan ta fahimci ba shi da rai. <ref>[[Damon Lindelof|Lindelof, Damon]] (writer) & [[Carlton Cuse|Cuse, Carlton]] (writer) & [[Eric Laneuville|Laneuville, Eric]] (director), "[[The Other 48 Days]]". </ref> A watan Oktoba 2004, Ben ya gayyaci Juliet zuwa abin da ya fara bayyana a matsayin ƙungiya mai cin abincin dare, amma a zahiri kwanan wata ne. Ben ya jagoranci Juliet zuwa gawar Goodwin, inda ta zarge shi da son Goodwin ya mutu. Daga baya Ben ya nuna ƙaunarsa a gare ta. A daren ranar 24 ga Disamba, 2004 (watanni uku bayan faduwar jirgin 815), membobi biyu na ƙungiyar kimiyya daga ''Kahana'' freighter sun kafa bakin teku <ref>[[Damon Lindelof|Lindelof, Damon]] (writer) & [[Carlton Cuse|Cuse, Carlton]] (writer) & [[Jack Bender|Bender, Jack]] (director), "[[The Constant]]". </ref> —Daniel da Charlotte - waɗanda suka sauka a tsibirin kwanaki uku da suka gabata tare da ɓoye ajanda, ɓoye don nemo Tempest. Juliet da jagoran wadanda hadarin ya rutsa da su Jack Shephard ( Matthew Fox ) sun lura da rashin su daga sansanin bakin teku kuma suna bin su. Bayan jin raɗaɗin, Harper ya kusanci Juliet. Ta gaya mata cewa Daniel da Charlotte suna da niyyar kashe kowa a tsibirin ta hanyar tura gas mai guba a cikin Tempest kuma umarnin Ben na Juliet ne don kashe su. A kan tafiya zuwa rairayin bakin teku da safe, Kate ta haɗu da Daniel da Charlotte kuma ƙarshen ya buge shi a sume. Jack da Juliet sun ci karo da Kate kuma sun rabu: Juliet ta ci gaba da Tempest ita kadai, kamar yadda Jack ke tunanin Kate. A cikin tashar, Juliet ta sami Daniel a cikin rigar hazmat a kwamfuta. Bayan takaddama, Daniel da Charlotte sun shawo kan Juliet cewa ba za su kashe kowa ba; suna yin watsi da iskar gas idan Ben ya yanke shawarar sake amfani da shi, kamar yadda ya yi shekaru goma sha biyu da suka gabata a cikin wani aikin da Dharma ya jagoranta. <ref>[[Drew Goddard|Goddard, Drew]] (writer) & [[Elizabeth Sarnoff|Sarnoff, Elizabeth]] (writer) & [[Bobby Roth|Roth, Bobby]] (director). </ref> Jack ya isa Tempest kuma Juliet yayi bayanin cewa waɗanda ke kan jirgin sun zo tsibirin don yin yaƙi da Ben kuma tana tsammanin zai ci nasara. Tana jin tsoron Jack saboda Ben yana tunanin cewa nasa ne, amma Jack bai nuna damuwa ba kuma ya sumbace ta. A cikin Barikin, Ben ya yi ciniki tare da 815 wanda ya tsira John Locke ( Terry O'Quinn ) don 'yanci. Ya bayyana cewa Charles Widmore ( Alan Dale ) - mahaifin budurwar Desmond Hume ( Henry Ian Cusick ), Penny ( Sonya Walger ) <ref>[[Damon Lindelof|Lindelof, Damon]] (writer) & [[Carlton Cuse|Cuse, Carlton]] (writer) & [[Jack Bender|Bender, Jack]] (director), "[[Live Together, Die Alone]]". </ref> mallaki mai ɗaukar kaya kuma tana fatan cin moriyar tsibirin. Ben kuma ya gaya wa Locke wanene ɗan leƙen asirinsa a kan jirgin. Ben ya ci gaba da zama a Barikin bayan an sake shi. == Production == [[File:Elizabeth_Mitchell_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|right|thumb|236x236px| Kafin watsa shirye -shiryen, Mitchell ya ce "ku tuna, ɗan jinkiri ne, amma akwai kyawawan abubuwa a ciki tare da Ben. Zai fitar da ku gaba daya. ” <ref name="kristin">[[Kristin Dos Santos|Dos Santos, Kristin]], (March&nbsp;6, 2008) "[http://www.eonline.com/gossip/kristin/detail/index.jsp?uuid=a87f3504-fcd5-445e-8e3d-cf1bea3d2e1c ''Lost''<nowiki/>'s Elizabeth Mitchell Opens Up on Juliet, Jack and Her 'Constant']", [[E!]]. </ref>]] Lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da abin da ta koya game da halinta ta hanyar “Sauran Matar”, Elizabeth Mitchell ta ɗauka cewa “Kuskuren Juliet abin tambaya ne na ɗabi’a, idan ba daidai ba ne na ɗabi’a. Amma kuna ganin bayan wannan akwai ɗan adam wanda ke gwagwarmayar rayuwa da samun rayuwa mai ma'ana a gare ta. ” <ref>[[Elizabeth Mitchell|Mitchell, Elizabeth]], (April&nbsp;8, 2008) "New Season Secrets!: By the Fire". </ref> Mitchell bai yi tunanin cewa Juliet ta yi mamakin cewa Ben yana jin daɗin soyayya da ita ba, amma "abin tsoro ne a ƙarƙashin yanayin" saboda ta gano cewa Goodwin ya mutu. Michael Emerson ya yi tunanin cewa halinsa na Ben yaro ne lokacin da ya yi ihu "kai ne nawa!" ga Juliet; Mitchell ya kwatanta shi da "yaro ɗan shekara goma sha biyu da ke zubar da haushi&nbsp;... soyayyarsa ta farko ". <ref>[[Michael Emerson|Emerson, Michael]] & [[Elizabeth Mitchell|Mitchell, Elizabeth]], (March&nbsp;6, 2008) "[http://ll.media.abc.com/podcast/video/itunes/LOST_407_Podcast_Video_SD_3d189a98-003b-4589-b277-ec0c7b55c2d4_1586487.m4v Official ''Lost'' Video Podcast 407]", [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. </ref> Mitchell ya ce "abin haushi ne ya harzuka wannan lamari" saboda Emerson da Matthew Fox sun kware. <ref name="kristin">[[Kristin Dos Santos|Dos Santos, Kristin]], (March&nbsp;6, 2008) "[http://www.eonline.com/gossip/kristin/detail/index.jsp?uuid=a87f3504-fcd5-445e-8e3d-cf1bea3d2e1c ''Lost''<nowiki/>'s Elizabeth Mitchell Opens Up on Juliet, Jack and Her 'Constant']", [[E!]]. </ref> Abokin haɗin gwiwa kuma marubuci ma<nowiki>'aikaci Adam Horowitz ya bayyana cewa "Yana da ban sha'awa koyaushe a ja da baya wani sashi akan ɗaya daga cikin haruffan mu, da ganin wani babi a cikin labarin Juliet a tsibirin kuma kawo mu inda ta ke yanzu ya yi kyau", yayin da abokin aikin hadin gwiwa kuma marubuci marubuci Edward Kitsis ya yi tunanin cewa "abu mai ban sha'awa game da labarin shine yadda Ben ke kallon Juliet ... komai yana sanar da shi ta wannan kallon." Horowitz ya kuma ji daɗin juxtaposition na haɓaka halayyar Juliet tare da wahayi akan '' mutane masu ɗaukar kaya ''</nowiki>. Kitsis ya ɗauki yanayin wasan na ƙarshe inda Hugo "Hurley" Reyes ( Jorge Garcia ) da James "Sawyer" Ford ( Josh Holloway ) suka gano cewa Ben ya yi shawarwari kan sakinsa kuma zai ci abinci tare da su a wannan maraice a matsayin wanda ya fi so. <ref>[[Adam Horowitz (screenwriter)|Horowitz, Adam]] & [[Edward Kitsis|Kitsis, Edward]], (August&nbsp;1, 2008) "Cabin Fever!: The Others". </ref> 'Yar wasan kwaikwayo Rebecca Mader, wacce ke wasa Charlotte, ta ce ta yi matukar farin ciki da shirin da za a watsa saboda ta yi tunanin "ya fi kyau" fiye da abin da ya gabata, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun abubuwan jerin. <ref>Dahl, Oscar, (February&nbsp;29, 2008) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080303000023/http://www.buddytv.com/articles/lost/lost-unstuck-in-time-17156.aspx Unstuck in Time] ", [[BuddyTV]]. </ref> Charlotte ta buga Kate a sume tare da ganga ta bindiga sannan ta tambaya "menene?" ga Daniyel marar magana a cikin “Wata Matar”. Mader ya sami wannan abin ban dariya kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi ƙimar aikin [ ". <ref>Bennett, Tara, (August&nbsp;1, 2008) "2008 Yearbook: Charlotte's Web". </ref> Andrea Roth ya fara fitowa a matsayin Harper a cikin “Sauran Matar”. A lokacin yin simintin a farkon watan Oktoba, an bayyana Harper a matsayin "mai taurin kai, mara-ma'ana kuma kyakkyawa [ mai sarrafa kansa da damuwa." Har ila yau, an lura da halin a matsayin rawar maimaitawa; <ref>[[Michael Ausiello|Ausiello, Michael]], (October&nbsp;16, 2008) "[http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Ausiello-Report/Exclusive-Lost-Rescues/800024824 Exclusive Report: ''Lost'' Rescues Denis Leary's TV Wife!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511201412/http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Ausiello-Report/Exclusive-Lost-Rescues/800024824|date=2008-05-11}}"</ref> duk da haka, Harper bai sake fitowa ba a kakar. Tuni marubutan suka bayyana cewa daga karshe za ta sake fitowa. <ref name="podcast">[[Damon Lindelof|Lindelof, Damon]] & [[Carlton Cuse|Cuse, Carlton]], (March&nbsp;10, 2008) "[http://ll.media.abc.com/podcast/audio/itunes/LOST_407_audio_podcast_2639b9f3-d701-4360-b0d4-ae298886bd2d_1591126.mp3 Official ''Lost'' Audio Podcast #407]", [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. </ref> An yi fim ɗin yanayin daji tare da Mitchell, Fox da Roth har zuwa 4:00&nbsp;ina Oktoba&nbsp;27, 2007 tare da masu yayyafa masana'antu <ref>Tanswell, Adam & Wilkes, Neil, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/cult/a91004/elizabeth-mitchell-lost.html Elizabeth Mitchell Talks About Life in the ''Lost'' Camp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218034930/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/cult/a91004/elizabeth-mitchell-lost.html|date=2009-02-18}}", [[Digital Spy]].</ref> kuma Mitchell ta kira wannan a matsayin “mafi tsananin ƙwarewa akan wasan”. <ref>[[Elizabeth Mitchell|Mitchell, Elizabeth]], [[Henry Ian Cusick|Cusick, Henry Ian]], [[Naveen Andrews|Andrews, Naveen]], [[Evangeline Lilly|Lilly, Evangeline]] & [[Josh Holloway|Holloway, Josh]], (February&nbsp;10, 2008) "Up Close with the ''Lost'' Souls", ''TV and Satellite Week''.</ref> Bayyanar Harper da ɓacewar sa a cikin wannan yanayin ba zato ba tsammani don haka magoya bayan sun yi hasashen cewa wannan haƙiƙa ce ta bayyana ko bayyanar dodo na hayaƙin baƙar fata na tsibirin. Wannan ya karyata ta ''Lost'' {{'}} marubuta. <ref>[[Damon Lindelof|Lindelof, Damon]] & [[Carlton Cuse|Cuse, Carlton]], (April&nbsp;25, 2008) "[http://ll.media.abc.com/podcast/audio/itunes/LOST_410_audio_podcast_aaf44dbb-c51c-4fe8-babf-e80bcbd3c792_1643855.mp3 Official ''Lost'' Audio Podcast #410]", [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. </ref> An ba shi suna bayan wasan William Shakespeare na 1610 na wannan sunan, Tempest ya fara bayyana a cikin "Wata Mace" kuma a bayyane yake an yi ishara da shi a kan layin da ba a gani ba na taswirar tashar tashar tashar Dharma "Swan" na kakar wasa ta biyu . <ref name="podcast"/> Marubutan sun so yin bayanin wasu tarihin tsibirin a cikin kakar ta huɗu kuma sun yanke shawarar cewa "Wata Matar" za ta bayyana inda gas ɗin da Ben ya yi amfani da shi ya fito kuma Dharma yana da tashoshin da aka kafa don kariya daga sojojin abokan gaba. Sun kuma ji daɗin samun Goodwin akan wasan kuma suna son dawo da shi. <ref name="podcast" /> "Sauran Matar" ta fara yin fim a watan Oktoba&nbsp;11, 2007 <ref>[[Jorge Garcia|Garcia, Jorge]], (October&nbsp;11, 2008) "[http://forum.thefuselage.com/showthread.php?p=1664633 Fan's Fad.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716163102/http://forum.thefuselage.com/showthread.php?p=1664633|date=2011-07-16}}</ref> kuma an kammala shi a watan Oktoba&nbsp;30. "Sauran Matar" ta ƙunshi sumba na biyu na Jack da Juliet. <ref>[[Damon Lindelof|Lindelof, Damon]] (writer) & [[Carlton Cuse|Cuse, Carlton]] (writer) & [[Jack Bender|Bender, Jack]] (director). </ref> Marubutan sun ɗauki Juliet a matsayin mai son soyayya na gaba mai zuwa ga Jack bayan mutuwar halin kaka na biyu Ana Lucia Cortez ( Michelle Rodriguez ). <ref>[[Michael Ausiello|Ausiello, Michael]], (May&nbsp;3, 2006) "[http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Ausiello-Report/Did-Lost-Kill/700001362 Why Did ''Lost'' Kill Ana Lucia? ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023230221/http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Ausiello-Report/Did-Lost-Kill/700001362 |date=2008-10-23 }}</ref> Magoya bayan sun ƙi Ana Lucia don haka marubutan ba su bi labarin baƙar fata. <ref>McFarland, Melanie, (November&nbsp;29, 2005) "[http://www.seattlepi.com/tv/250026_tv29.html Shedding Light on a ''Lost'' Villain] {{Dead link|date=May 2017}}", ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]''. </ref> Mitchell yayi hasashen cewa halinta ya halicce ta saboda "suna buƙatar gada tsakanin Ben da kowa, kuma suna buƙatar wani ya shigo ya zama ɗan gishiri a cikin kawa Jack da Kate." <ref name="kristin"/> Ta yi imanin cewa Juliet ta ƙaunaci Jack da gaske, <ref>Cairns, Bryan, (February&nbsp;12, 2008) "Season 4 Arrives!: The Island of Doctor Dharma". </ref> amma rashin sanin ko "jan hankalin ta ga Jack ko son yin wani abu don tashi daga tsibirin" ya fi mata muhimmanci. <ref name="kristin" /> Juliet ta kirkiro wani abu na " murabba'in soyayya " tare da Jack, Kate da Sawyer. Mitchell "Feel ] kamar a sosai girma-up dangantaka. Da alama suna mutunta juna kuma suna son junansu ", yayin da Sawyer da Kate suna kama da" samari masu ƙima ". <ref name="kristin" /> Ma'auratan sun sami fa'idar Intanet kuma an ba su laƙabin portmanteau "Jaket". <ref>[[Kristin Dos Santos|Dos Santos, Kristin]], (January&nbsp;14, 2008) "[http://www.eonline.com/gossip/kristin/detail/index.jsp?uuid=ac25b169-ae4d-4e8e-b655-6a48031e91e5 Spoiler Chat: ''Prison'' Dish and ''Lost'' Scoop!]"</ref> == Karɓar baki == [[File:Michael_Emerson_SDCC_2013.jpg|right|thumb|333x333px| Masu suka sun yarda cewa Emerson ya saci wasan daga Mitchell.]] An kalli "Sauran Matar" kai tsaye ko aka yi rikodin kuma ana kallo cikin sa'o'i biyar da watsa ta 13.008&nbsp;miliyan masu kallo a Amurka, matsayi na bakwai na mako a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin tare da mafi yawan masu kallo da samun 5.4/13 a cikin manyan kwadago masu shekaru goma sha takwas zuwa arba'in da tara. <ref>[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] Medianet, (March&nbsp;11, 2008) "[http://abcmedianet.com/web/dnr/dispDNR.aspx?id=031108_04 Weekly Primetime Ratings Wrap-Up Report]". </ref> Ciki har da waɗanda suka kalli cikin kwanaki bakwai na watsa shirye -shirye, jimlar 14.933 ta kalli shirin&nbsp;miliyoyin masu kallon Amurka; wannan lambar ta tafi zuwa matsakaicin lokacin. 1.439&nbsp;miliyoyin mutanen Kanada sun kalle ta, wanda ya sa aka ''rasa Lokaci'' na takwas mafi girman darajar mako. <ref>[[BBM Canada]], (March&nbsp;13, 2008) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090326085425/http://www.bbm.ca/en/nat03032008.pdf Top Programs: Total Canada (English)]". </ref> A cikin Burtaniya, 1.1&nbsp;mutane miliyan sun kalli wasan. <ref>Holmwood, Leigh, (March&nbsp;10, 2008) "[https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/mar/10/tvratings.television ITV1 Hits 9.6m Sunday Peak]", ''[[The Guardian]]''. </ref> Labarin ya shigo da masu kallo 691,000 a Ostiraliya, inda ya sanya shi a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na dare na ashirin da biyu. <ref>Dale, David, (March&nbsp;14, 2008) "[http://blogs.sunherald.com.au/whoweare/archives/2008/03/most_watched_pr.html The Who We Are Update: A Nightmare for Seven, a Dream for Nine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512013805/http://blogs.sunherald.com.au/whoweare/archives/2008/03/most_watched_pr.html|date=2012-05-12}}", ''[[The Sun-Herald]]''.</ref> Claima'awar gama gari ta masu sukar ''Nishaɗin Mako -mako'', IGN, <ref name="ign">Carabott, Chris, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://tv.ign.com/articles/857/857677p1.html Ben's Dating Guide for Megalomaniacs]", [[IGN]]. </ref> SyFy Portal, Squad TV na AOL <ref name="aol">Martell, Erin, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://www.tvsquad.com/2008/03/07/lost-the-other-woman 'The Other Woman'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218064413/http://www.tvsquad.com/2008/03/07/lost-the-other-woman|date=2009-02-18}}", [[TV Squad]].</ref> da BuddyTV shine ƙarin koyo game da goyan bayan ɗan wasa Ben, maimakon Juliet wanda aka mayar da hankali a ciki. Jeff Jensen na ''Weekly Entertainment ya'' yaba da aikin Emerson kuma ya bayyana cewa "a ƙarshe, wannan hakika labari ne game da Ben da kuma tsawon lokacin da zai bi don kare kansa da Tsibirin daga abokan gabansa." <ref>Jensen, Jeff, (March&nbsp;6, 2008) "[https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20182755_3,00.html The Loves of Juliet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728185521/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20182755_3,00.html|date=2013-07-28}}", ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''.</ref> Dan Compora na SyFy Portal ya ce "Yadda nake ƙin Ben, haka na ƙara gane cewa Michael Emerson ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai wanda ke yin aikinsa." <ref name="syfy">Compora, Dan, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://www.syfyportal.com/news424791.html ''Lost'' Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104064940/http://www.syfyportal.com/news424791.html|date=2009-01-04}}", [[SyFy Portal]].</ref> Oscar Dahl na BuddyTV ya kira Emerson a matsayin "allah" mai aiki kuma ya ce "Wata Matar" ta kasance "wataƙila wani lamari ne na Juliet, [ kasancewar Ben ya ba ni babban ra'ayi". Duk da inuwar Emerson, Elizabeth Mitchell ta karɓi lambar yabo don " Mafi kyawun 'Yar wasan kwaikwayo a Talabijin " a lambar yabo ta Saturn ta 34 a ƙulla da Summer Glau, wanda ke taka Cameron Phillips a Terminator na FOX '': Sarah Connor Tarihi'' . <ref>Cohen, David D., (June 24, 2008) "[https://www.variety.com/awardcentral_article/VR1117988041.html Saturn Awards are ''Enchanted'']", ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''. </ref> [[Fayil:Woman adjusting a harness strap to prevent child from getting lost in zoological park.png|thumb|The Other Woman (Lost)]] "The Other Woman" An kawo sunayensu a matsayin mafi raunin episode of ''Lost'' <nowiki>'s</nowiki> hudu kakar. Duk da da'awar sa, Patrick Day na ''Los Angeles Times ya'' nuna cewa "ko da wannan abin da ya faru na ''Lost ya'' tsaya sama da duk wani abin da ake nunawa a gidan talabijin na wannan kakar". Ya lura cewa "abin da ya fi tayar da hankali" shine bayyanar Claire Littleton ( Emilie de Ravin ) saboda ya tunatar da shi yadda ɗan wasan ya yi kaɗan don ciyar da makircin kakar. <ref>Day, Patrick, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2008/03/lost-weve-been.html We've Been Here Before]", ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. </ref> John Kubicek na BuddyTV wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "The Other Woman" "mafi munin lamari na ''Lost'' season hudu ya zuwa yanzu" saboda "ya biyo bayan wasan opera wanda shine ƙaƙƙarfan soyayya na manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ba shine dalilin da yasa yawancin mutane ke son ''Lost ba'' ." Jeff Jensen na ''mako -mako na Nishaɗi ya'' ba da darasi a matsayin "C-" kuma ya kira shi "kawai dud na gaskiya". <ref>Jensen, Jeff, (April 2, 2008) "[https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20188031,00.html Grading the ''Lost'' Season So Far] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727051148/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20188031,00.html|date=2014-07-27}}", ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''.</ref> Ya yi tunanin cewa "labarinsa ya kasance ko'ina a ko'ina" kuma "duk abin da aka ji ya tilasta". Jensen bai ji daɗin wasan baƙo na Andrea Roth ba saboda yana jin cewa "ta fito da yawa kuma ba gaskiya bane." <ref>Jensen, Jeff, (March&nbsp;6, 2008) "[https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20182755,00.html?iid=top25-20080308-%27Lost%27+recap%3A+The+loves+of+Juliet Never Ben Kissed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517135547/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20182755,00.html?iid=top25-20080308-%27Lost%27+recap%3A+The+loves+of+Juliet|date=2013-05-17}}", ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''.</ref> A bambanci, ''TV Guide'' <nowiki>'s</nowiki> Bruce Fretts yaba Roth ta "dace creepy" bayyanar. <ref>Fretts, Bruce, (March&nbsp;6, 2008) "[http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Cheers-38-Jeers/Lost-Law-Shows/800035068 Cheers: ''Lost'' & ''Law''s to the ''Rescue''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610161646/http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-Editors-Blog/Cheers-38-Jeers/Lost-Law-Shows/800035068 |date=2008-06-10 }}", ''[[TV Guide]]''.</ref> Sauran masu sukar sun kuma sake duba lamarin a matsayin mara kyau. Maureen Ryan na ''Chicago Tribune ya'' ce "Wata Matar" "kamar ba ta da daɗi kuma ana iya hasashenta… abubuwa da yawa… sun ji kamar an sake sarrafa su daga lokutan da suka gabata da arcs na labarin." <ref>Ryan, Maureen, (March&nbsp;19, 2008) "[http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/2008/03/lost-is-back-to.html ''Lost'' is Back to Being an Unmissable Addiction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221213356/http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/2008/03/lost-is-back-to.html|date=2015-02-21}}", ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''.</ref> ''The Star-Ledger'' {{'}} Alan Sepinwall dauke da episode ya zama na biyu mafi raunin na huɗu kakar bayan " Eggtown ". Ya soki labarin Tempest saboda rashin bayani game da manufar tashar ta asali kuma yana tunanin cewa abubuwan da Juliet suka yi ba su da yawa. <ref>Sepinwall, Alan, (March&nbsp;6, 2008) "[http://blog.nj.com/alltv/2008/03/lost_goodwin_some_lose_some.html Goodwin Some, Lose Some]", ''[[The Star-Ledger]]''. </ref> "Sauran Matar" ita ma ta kasance abin tattaunawa daban -daban. Tim Goodman na ''San Francisco Chronicle'' rubuta cewa "Na gaske son wannan episode, amma ina son shi kasa fiye da ... alama cewa wani ya ɗauki su kafa kashe da gas kawai sulusi da murabba'i da raguwa a gudun kasance sananne. <ref>Goodman, Tim, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/sfgate/detail?blogid=24&entry_id=24822 ''Lost'': The Spoiled Bastard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315010216/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/sfgate/detail?blogid=24&entry_id=24822 |date=2008-03-15 }}", ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''.</ref> ''Lokaci'' <nowiki>'s</nowiki> James Poniewozik da jimami ga flashbacks, amma dadin Ben hali ci gaba. <ref>Poniewozik, James, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://www.time-blog.com/tuned_in/2008/03/lostwatch_prosperos_books.html ''Lost''watch: Prospero's Books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202003719/http://www.time-blog.com/tuned_in/2008/03/lostwatch_prosperos_books.html |date=2008-12-02 }}", ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.</ref> Nikki Stafford na ''Wizard'' "ya ji daɗin" labarin "mai ban sha'awa", kodayake "bai yi kusan yawa ba" kamar yadda ya gabata. Ta yi farin ciki a dawo da ita "fi so Sauran" Tom ( MC Gainey ) da kuma rubuta cewa "Locke amfani da su zama daya daga ] fi so haruffa, amma yanzu ya ke a [[wiktionary:tool|kayan aiki]] ". <ref>Stafford, Nikki, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://www.wizarduniverse.com/030708gettinglost.html What Light Through Yonder Window Breaks? ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310232215/http://www.wizarduniverse.com/030708gettinglost.html |date=2008-03-10 }}</ref> Ben Rawson-Jones na Digital Spy ya bayyana cewa "labarin ya taru da kyau a ƙarshe, tare da jujjuyawar da ake tsammanin da ƙyalli, kodayake ga babban ɓangaren yana kan iyaka akan tedium. Juliet hali ne wanda kawai ba shi da ban sha'awa don ci gaba da kula da mutum akan walƙiya. Ta kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ba ta da mahimmanci a wannan kakar, kuma yana jin kamar alama ce ta nuna gabanta a ƙarshe. An sami sakamako mai kyau kodayake, tare da dogon jira da ake jira tsakanin ta da Jack. ” <ref>Rawson-Jones, Ben, (March&nbsp;9, 2008) "[http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/cult/a91122/s04e06-the-other-woman.html S04E06: 'The Other Woman'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218040025/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/cult/a91122/s04e06-the-other-woman.html|date=2009-02-18}}", [[Digital Spy]].</ref> Daniel na TMZ ya ba da darasi a matsayin "C+"; duk da haka, ya rubuta cewa "al'amuran Ben/Locke sun yi kyau kuma Juliet a cikin bikini ba ta yi takaici ba." <ref>Daniel, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211436/http://my.tmz.com/2008/03/07/lost-diary-another-woman Another Woman]", [[TMZ.com|TMZ]]. </ref> Erin Martell na TV Squad "bai gamsu da ilmin sunadarai na Jack da Juliet ba" kuma ya ga sumbancinsu "bai gamsu ba". Martell ya yaba da rawar da Emerson ya taka, Ben-line-liners da "gaisuwa ga kalmomi" gaisuwa ta yau da kullun ga Hurley da Sawyer a ƙarshen labarin bayan an sake shi daga zaman talala. <ref name="aol" /> Jay Glatfelter na Huffington Post ya yi tunanin cewa "wannan wani babban lamari ne [ zai iya rayuwa har zuwa satin da ya gabata, amma har yanzu akwai ci gaba mai ɗimbin yawa." <ref>Glatfelter, Jay, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jay-glatfelter/on-lost-the-othe_b_90441.html On ''Lost'': 'The Other Woman']", [[The Huffington Post]]. </ref> [[Fayil:Love in Death (for "Good Words") MET DP841109.jpg|thumb|The Other Woman (Lost)]] Verne Gay na ''Newsday ya'' kira labarin a matsayin "duk da haka wani fitaccen fitowar ta mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na TV [ ke ci gaba da samun ci gaba"; ba ita kaɗai ce mai sukar yin kyakkyawan bita ba. <ref>Gay, Verne, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://weblogs.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/blog/2008/03/lost_juliet_and_her_romeo.html Juliet (and Her Romeo)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709023609/http://weblogs.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/blog/2008/03/lost_juliet_and_her_romeo.html|date=2008-07-09}}", ''[[Newsday]]''.</ref> E! Kristin Dos Santos ya yi tunanin cewa fagen yaƙi tsakanin Juliet da Charlotte a cikin Tempest ya kasance "mai ban mamaki" kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa Alan Dale ya sami "lambar yabo ta rayuwa don faretin sa na kakannin banza masu ban al'ajabi", kamar Widmore. <ref>[[Kristin Dos Santos|Dos Santos, Kristin]] & Godwin, Jennifer, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/watch_with_kristin/b4161_lost_redux_its_very_stressful_being.html 'It's Very Stressful Being an Other']", [[E!]]. </ref> Chris Carabott na IGN ya ba da kashi takwas cikin goma kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "kyakkyawan lamari na ''Lost'' wanda ke da duk ayyukan, shakku da annashuwa da wannan wasan ke nunawa akai -akai". Carabott ya rubuta cewa "ganin yadda karkatacciyar dangantakar [Ben da Juliet] ta kasance abin burgewa". <ref name="ign" /> Dan Compora na SyFy Portal ya rubuta cewa "sashin wannan makon ya ba da gudummawa ga abin da ke shirin zama kyakkyawan yanayi na huɗu. … Aiki mai kyau ya ɗauki abin da ya faru duk da wasu ramuka a cikin shirin. ” <ref name="syfy" /> Compora ya kuma ji daɗin taken da "kyakkyawan yaƙin cat" a cikin Tempest tsakanin Juliet da Charlotte. <ref>Compora, Dan, (March&nbsp;7, 2008) "[http://www.syfyportal.com/pagetogether.php?id=4791&page=2 'The Other Woman'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314033004/http://syfyportal.com/pagetogether.php?id=4791&page=2|date=2008-03-14}}", [[SyFy Portal]].</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024034234/http://abc.go.com/shows/lost/episode-detail/the-other-woman/83620 "Sauran Matar"] a ABC * "The Other Woman" [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 27lwdodbp74ncz7e4i1gizemtswdhzy 0 26674 890352 508732 2026-08-01T23:27:49Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 890352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:TS-ONSET-small2.jpg|thumb|masu gidauniyar Hot SUN]] '''Gidauniyar Hot Sun''' ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke aiki a birnin [[Nairobi]], na ƙasar [[Kenya]] tare da matasa daga yankunan karkara da sauran al'ummomin da ke gabacin Afirka don horarwa da fallasa basirarsu da damarsu a fagen duniya. Gidauniyar Hot Sun tana horar da matasa ta kowane fanni na shirya fina-finai, tun daga rubuce-rubucen rubutu, kamara, sauti, tsarawa, tsara kasafin kuɗi, samarwa, jagora, gyara, da tallata. Vision of Hot Sun Foundation: Canjin zamantakewa ta hanyar fasaha da kafofin watsa labaru Ofishin Jakadancin Hot Sun Foundation: Gano da haɓaka basirar matasa don ba da labarunsu akan fim. ==Tsarin Gidauniyar== '''Shirye-shirye na yanzu''' Hot Sun Foundation tana da manyan shirye-shirye guda uku: *Makarantar Fim ta '''Kibera''', a Nairobi, Kenya tana ba da cikakkiyar horarwar fina-finai da samarwa. Matasan da ake horar da su a MAKARANTAR FILM KIBERA suna bunƙasa hazaƙar su, suna ba da labarinsu, su zama abin koyi kuma ta haka ne za su canza al’ummarsu. Ƙungiyoyin labarai daban-daban sun ba da labarin makarantar fim, kwanan nan LA Times. *'''Masu digiri na Kibera TV''' daga Makarantar Fim ta Kibera sun ƙaddamar da shirin Kibera TV na mako-mako a cikin Mayu 2010. Kowane mako, Kibera TV tana samar da aƙalla gajerun shirye-shirye guda biyu game da rayuwa a Kibera. Ana samun Kibera TV akan intanet a YouTube, a cikin motocin bas na Nairobi, kiberatv.blogspot.com, da kuma a al'amuran al'umma da nunin fina-finai a makarantu. *'''Hot Sun Productions''' yana ba da sabis na bidiyo ga kasuwanci, ƙungiyoyin al'umma, majami'u da ɗaiɗaiku na mutane. Ƙungiyar samar da Hot Sun Productions ta ƙunshi ƙwararru daga Makarantar Fim ta Kibera. HOT SUN PRODUCTIONS na tallata gajerun fina-finan da Kibera TV da Makarantar Fina-finai ta Kibera suka shirya. HOT SUN PRODUCTIONS yana da ɗimbin ƙira na gajerun fina-finai a cikin nau'o'i masu zuwa: wasan kwaikwayo, shirye-shiryen bidiyo, kiɗa, sanarwar sabis na jama'a da bidiyo na talla. ==Ayyuka== '''Ayyukan da suka gabata da Masu Ci gaba''' A cikin 2007 Gidauniyar Hot Sun Foundation sun yi aiki tare da Bay Cat na [[San Francisco]] Bay Area don yin musayar bidiyo ta farko tsakanin matasan Kibera da matasa na Bay Area da aka sani da 'Kira da Amsa.' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.iie.org/en/Who-We-Are/News-and-Events/Press-Center/Press-Releases/2009/2009-05-04-Queen-Noor-addresses-global-leaders |access-date=2021-10-30 |archive-date=2010-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613111523/http://iie.org/en/Who-We-Are/News-and-Events/Press-Center/Press-Releases/2009/2009-05-04-Queen-Noor-addresses-global-leaders |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2008, Gidauniyar Hot Sun ta gudanar da tarurrukan bita da yawa tare da matasan Kibera tare da gudanar da ayyukan nuna fina-finai na iska a Kibera tare da ƙungiyar FilmAid International . A cikin watan Afrilun 2009, ta yi aiki tare a kan yin fim ɗin Fim ɗin Haɗin Kai da aka yi a Kibera tare da mai da hankali kan jigogin rikicin kabilanci da yuwuwar yin sulhu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News Article on Togetherness Supreme |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/kenyans-use-film-to-confront-ethnic-tensions/article1162452/ |access-date=2021-10-30 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200033/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/kenyans-use-film-to-confront-ethnic-tensions/article1162452/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:TS-ONSET-small2.jpg|thumb| Fim ɗin fasalin haɗin kai tare da haɗin gwiwar matasa masu horar da Kibera]] [[File:Hotsunfoundation.jpg|thumb| A wajen ofisoshin Gidauniyar Hot Sun a Kibera]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/kenyans-use-film-to-confront-ethnic-tensions/article1162452/ Labarin Labari kan Haɗin kai koli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200033/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/kenyans-use-film-to-confront-ethnic-tensions/article1162452/ |date=2016-03-03 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100317101433/http://www.hotsunfoundation.org/ Hot Sun Foundation Vision] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6935607.stm Aikin Gidauniyar Hot Sun - Labarin BBC] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzJH8zqyQH4 Gajeren Fim ɗin Train Meace Wanda matasan Kibera suka shirya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100317101433/http://www.hotsunfoundation.org/ Hot Sun Foundation Official Site] [[Category:Fina-finai]] [[Category:Sinima a Afrika]] [[Category:Kenya]] omsm46il1vfdfl910fi5xpl039fp1jv 0 27255 890091 445548 2026-08-01T12:18:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 890091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abobaku''' ɗan gajeren fim ne na 2010 wanda [[Femi Odugbemi]] ya rubuta kuma ya shirya kuma Niji Akanni ya ba da umarni.<ref name="thenationonlineng">{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/abobaku/|title=Abobaku! - The Nation|publisher=thenationonlineng.net|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref> Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Gajerun Fina-Finai mafi fice a wajen bikin fina-finan Zuma da aka gudanar a shekarar 2010 da kuma Kyauta mafi kyau a bikin bayar da lambar yabo ta 6th Africa Movie Academy Awards wanda aka gudanar a ranar 10 ga Afrilun 2010 a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Gloryland da ke [[Yenagoa]], [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]], [[Najeriya]].<ref name="vanguardngr">{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/03/amaa-2010-280-films-entered-as-ghana-hosts-nomination-party/|title=AMAA 2010: 280 films entered, as Ghana hosts nomination party - Vanguard News|date=7 March 2010|publisher=vanguardngr.com|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Global Nollywood: The Transnational Dimensions of an African Video Film Industry|author1=Krings, M.|author2=Okome, O.|date=2013|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253009425|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTVlKirJmGgC|page=44|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref>h {{Stub}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Fina-finai]] [[Category:Fina-finan Najeriya]] 57ffljem70b2es1kwdgxhhmrlwo7k3e 890092 890091 2026-08-01T12:18:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 890092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abobaku''' ɗan gajeren fim ne na 2010 wanda [[Femi Odugbemi]] ya rubuta kuma ya shirya kuma Niji Akanni ya ba da umarni.<ref name="thenationonlineng">{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/abobaku/|title=Abobaku! - The Nation|publisher=thenationonlineng.net|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref> Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Gajerun Fina-Finai mafi fice a wajen bikin fina-finan Zuma da aka gudanar a shekarar 2010 da kuma Kyauta mafi kyau a bikin bayar da lambar yabo ta 6th Africa Movie Academy Awards wanda aka gudanar a ranar 10 ga Afrilun 2010 a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Gloryland da ke [[Yenagoa]], [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]], [[Najeriya]].<ref name="vanguardngr">{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/03/amaa-2010-280-films-entered-as-ghana-hosts-nomination-party/|title=AMAA 2010: 280 films entered, as Ghana hosts nomination party - Vanguard News|date=7 March 2010|publisher=vanguardngr.com|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Global Nollywood: The Transnational Dimensions of an African Video Film Industry|author1=Krings, M.|author2=Okome, O.|date=2013|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253009425|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTVlKirJmGgC|page=44|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Fina-finai]] [[Category:Fina-finan Najeriya]] iipazuq26txpai2wjeln5bhpnsrjpj9 890093 890092 2026-08-01T12:19:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 890093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abobaku''' ɗan gajeren fim ne na 2010 wanda [[Femi Odugbemi]] ya rubuta kuma ya shirya kuma Niji Akanni ya ba da umarni.<ref name="thenationonlineng">{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/abobaku/|title=Abobaku! - The Nation|publisher=thenationonlineng.net|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref> Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Gajerun Fina-Finai mafi fice a wajen bikin fina-finan Zuma da aka gudanar a shekarar 2010 da kuma Kyauta mafi kyau a bikin bayar da lambar yabo ta 6th Africa Movie Academy Awards wanda aka gudanar a ranar 10 ga Afrilun 2010 a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Gloryland da ke [[Yenagoa]], [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]], [[Najeriya]].<ref name="vanguardngr">{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/03/amaa-2010-280-films-entered-as-ghana-hosts-nomination-party/|title=AMAA 2010: 280 films entered, as Ghana hosts nomination party - Vanguard News|date=7 March 2010|publisher=vanguardngr.com|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Global Nollywood: The Transnational Dimensions of an African Video Film Industry|author1=Krings, M.|author2=Okome, O.|date=2013|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253009425|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTVlKirJmGgC|page=44|accessdate=2015-04-12}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fina-finai]] [[Category:Fina-finan Najeriya]] okgpwjsr9sidmz3685zm6eudw4yw36d 0 27429 890286 267851 2026-08-01T20:22:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Karkashin Carpet''''' wani fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Najeriya na shekarar 2021, wanda Tope Alake ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Fim ɗin ya haɗa da [[Iyabo Ojo]], Deyemi Okanlawon da Tana Adelana a cikin manyan jaruman.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=Here's a first look at Iyabo Ojo in upcoming Nollywood movie 'Under The Carpet'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/heres-a-first-look-at-iyabo-ojo-in-upcoming-nollywood-movie-under-the-carpet/njnyyq7|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da fim ɗin a ranar 7 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2021, a Cinema IMAX kuma an fitar da shi na wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 12 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2021-02-19|title=A First Look at Iyabo Ojo's Forthcoming Movie "Under The Carpet"|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/02/under-the-carpet-movie/|access-date=2021-04-07|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-22|title='Ponzi', 'La Femme Anjola', here is a list of Nigerian movies coming to cinemas in March|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nigerian-movies-in-cinemas-this-march/32yg1he|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2021-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222131316/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/nigerian-movies-in-cinemas-this-march/32yg1he|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Yan wasa == * [[Iyabo Ojo]] * Deyemi Okanlawon * Tana Adelana * Femi Jacobs * Lydia Lawrence Nze * Tosin Abiola * Roxy Antak == Magana == [[Category:Fina-finai]] [[Category:Fina-finan Najeriya]] 2fy2rcuf36qd789u9e9fgw5qikk30hu 0 27788 890399 465767 2026-08-02T04:41:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Sahara Occidental indépendance or génocide?''''' ('''Ƴancin Yammacin Sahara ko Kisan Ƙare Dangi?'''), wani fim ne na 1976 na 1976 na [[Yammacin Sahara|yammacin sahara]] wanda ''Bruno Muel, Théo Robichet'', da Miguel Ibarrondo suka jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahara Occidental, indépendance ou génocide (1976) |url=https://www.unifrance.org/film/44990/sahara-occidental-independance-ou-genocide |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=www.unifrance.org |language=fr}}</ref> Théo Robichet na Unicité ne ya shirya fim ɗin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PointCulture |title=SAHARA OCCIDENTAL: INDEPENDANCE OU GENOCIDE |url=https://www.pointculture.be/mediatheque/documentaires/sahara-occidental-independance-ou-genocide-tu1127/ |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=www.pointculture.be |archive-date=2021-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009171130/https://www.pointculture.be/mediatheque/documentaires/sahara-occidental-independance-ou-genocide-tu1127/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fim ɗin ya bayyana irin gwagwarmayar da al'ummar Saharawi da kungiyar Polisario suka yi na samun 'yancin kai na yammacin Sahara da yakin da ake yi da 'yan Maroko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAHARA OCCIDENTAL INDÉPENDANCE OU GÉNOCIDE ? - Bruno MUEL - 1976 - Catalogue d'exploitation - Ciné-Archives - Cinémathèque du parti communiste français - Mouvement ouvrier et démocratique |url=https://www.cinearchives.org/Catalogue-d-exploitation-SAHARA-OCCIDENTAL-IND%C3%89PENDANCE-OU-G%C3%89NOCIDE-_-494-314-0-27.html? |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=SAHARA OCCIDENTAL INDÉPENDANCE OU GÉNOCIDE ? - Bruno MUEL - 1976 - Catalogue d'exploitation - Ciné-Archives - Cinémathèque du parti communiste français - Mouvement ouvrier et démocratique |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Avis de musiques, films, jeux video, BD, livres et séries TV à découvrir sur SensCritique |url=https://www.senscritique.com/ |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=www.senscritique.com}}</ref> Ma’aikatan fim din sun yi tattaki zuwa arewa-maso-gabas na yammacin Sahara, kuma sun tattara abubuwan da suka faru a baya-bayan nan na cin zarafin [[Moroko]] da ragowar da ake bukata na fim din. Fim ɗin ya fara fitowa a ranar 3 ga Disamba 1976 a Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahara Occidental, indépendance ou génocide (1976) |url=https://www.unifrance.org/film/44990/sahara-occidental-independance-ou-genocide |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=www.unifrance.org |language=fr}}</ref> Fim ɗin ya sami kɗinkyawan sharhi daga masu suka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramonet |first=Ignacio |date=1976-02-01 |title=Sahara occidental : indépendance ou génocide |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/1976/02/RAMONET/33660 |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=Le Monde diplomatique |language=fr}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fina-finan Afirka]] [[Category:Fina-finai]] 4jqd48k3s12sema1g6ipnkxo7qumu6g 0 28785 890437 446716 2026-08-02T06:35:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Yehuda Kahane''' (an haife shi ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 1944) ɗan kasuwan Isra'ila ne mai ilimi, kuma mai karɓar lambar yabo ta 2011 na John S. Bickley Founder's Award don gudummawar sa ga ka'idar, aiki, da ilimin inshora da gudanar da haɗari.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} Kahane yayi aiki a duka biyu da ilimi da kuma kasuwancin yankunan. A cikin 2015, ya sami lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara don ɗorewa.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pango-announces-the-sixth-annual-better-world-awards-monte-carlo-monaco-honors-professor-emeritus-yehuda-kahane-and-ykcenter-300081913.html |title=Pango Announces: The Sixth Annual Better World Awards, Monte-Carlo, Monaco Honors Professor Emeritus Yehuda Kahane and YKcenter |date=12 May 2015 |agency=Pango |work=[[PR Newswire]]}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=June 2021}} Shi farfesa ne na inshora da kuɗi, Faculty of Management, kuma Shugaban Cibiyar Kasuwancin Akirov da Muhalli, Jami'ar Tel-Aviv . Ya kafa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar inshora ta farko a Isra'ila (yanzu wani ɓangare na Kwalejin Ilimin Netanya ). A Jami'ar Tel Aviv ya jagoranci Cibiyar Inshorar Erhard, shirin nazarin aikin, kuma ya daidaita Shirye-shiryen Ci Gaban Gudanarwa. Shi ne mai rai, kuma ba-rai actuary .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Yanar Gizo: http://en-recanati.tau.ac.il/profile/kahane {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216231204/https://en-recanati.tau.ac.il/profile/kahane |date=2015-12-16 }} * Don cikakkun jerin wallafe-wallafe da sauransu. duba Gidan Yanar Gizo (musamman ma Vitae) a: http://recanati.tau.ac.il/~kahane {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721134154/http://recanati.tau.ac.il/~kahane |date=2011-07-21 }} * YKCenter: http://www.ykcenter.org [[Category: Haifaffun 1944]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] b3e2pgrvfwijxjq19emlqouhc18ewd3 0 30431 890392 680571 2026-08-02T04:01:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890392 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:EcoSikh Sikh Environment Day2012-Karachi Interfaith Pakistan Sikh Council (7) (7175720212).jpg|thumb|Yanayin mulki a karachi]] [[Fayil:EcoSikh Sikh Environment Day2012-Karachi Interfaith Pakistan Sikh Council (11) (7175716408).jpg|thumb|Mutane lokacin taro a karaci]] [[Karachi]] na da [[Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli|Batutuwan muhalli da yawa]], suna yin illa ga [[Biophysical environment|muhallinta]] da lafiyar ɗan adam<ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-46110765.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17536215456422&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Flabarai-46110765</ref>. Rashin haɓaka masana'antu da kuma rashin kula da muhalli sun taimaka wajen magance matsaloli Daban-daban,nau'ikan gurbatawa sun karu kamar yadda karachi ta haifar da matsalolin muhalli da lafiya. <ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-61740522.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17533741202936&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Frahotanni-61740522</ref>[[Gurbacewar Iska|Gurbacewar iska]], rashin ingantattun kayayyakin sarrafa sharar gida da kuma [[Gurbacewar gado|gurɓacewar]] ruwa sune manyan matsalolin muhalli a Karachi. == Abubuwa masu rai == == Yanayi == == Ilimin duniya == == Ruwa == == Canjin yanayi ==   == Gurbacewa == Lalacewa ita ce shigar da gurɓataccen abu a cikin yanayi wanda ke haifar da canji mara kyau. Gurɓatawa na iya ɗaukar nau'in sinadarai ko [[makamashi]], kamar su amo, zafi ko haske. Masu gurɓatawa, da Kuma abubuwan ƙazanta, na iya zama ko dai abubuwa/makamashi na waje ko gurɓataccen yanayi. Ana lasafta gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu a matsayin tushen gurɓataccen wuri ko [[Gurbataccen yanayi|gurɓataccen tushe]] . Bisa ga binciken da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa ta yi, chromium da matakan gubar suna da yawa a kusan dukkanin tushen ruwa na ƙasa, sannan duk da haka an sami babban taro a yankunan masana'antu. Kasancewar kowane ɗayan gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai nauyi yana buƙatar buƙatar kimanta sauran ƙananan ƙarfe kamar yadda aka sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin chromium da tattarawar gubar, yana nuna yuwuwar samun irin wannan tushen gurɓataccen abu a cikin [[Karachi]]. <ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/568965/drinking-water-quality-in-karachi Drinking water quality in Karachi]</ref> == Gurbacewar gabar teku == Kogin [[Karachi]], wanda ya kai sama da 135&nbsp;km, yana fuskantar ƙazamin ƙazanta saboda haɗakar masana'antu, tashar jiragen ruwa, gundumomi, da harkokin sufuri a yankin. Yankin tekun yana cike da gurɓataccen ruwa da ake fitarwa a cikin jigilar kayayyaki zuwa yanayin ruwa. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa wasu daga cikin halittun ruwa sun gurbace da gubar dalma, wadanda idan mutane suka sha ta hanyar abincin teku ana danganta su da [[Rashin jini|cutar karancin jini]] da gazawar koda da kuma lalacewar kwakwalwa . Kuma A hakikanin gaskiya, binciken ya kuma gano cewa hatta dazuzzukan mangrove da ke kare rafukan ciyar da abinci daga zaizayar ruwa da kuma hanyar samar da abinci ga masunta na fuskantar barazana da wannan gurbatar yanayi. A yankin masana'antu na Korangi, rukunin masana'antu 2,500 da suka hada da masana'antar fatu 170 suna zubar da sharar da ba a kula da su ba cikin tekun Arabiya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Pollution due toIndustrial Waste |url=http://www.lead.org.pk/hr/attachments/issues/Water%20Pollution%20due%20to%20Industrial%20Waste.pdf |access-date=2022-03-19 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516142524/http://www.lead.org.pk/hr/attachments/issues/Water%20Pollution%20due%20to%20Industrial%20Waste.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gurbacewar iska == Gurbacewar iska shine sakin sinadarai da barbashi cikin yanayi. Kuma Abubuwan gurɓataccen iskar gas na yau da kullun sun haɗa da carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) da nitrogen oxides waɗanda masana'antu da motocin ke samarwa. Photochemical ozone da smog an halicce su yayin da nitrogen oxides da hydrocarbons ke amsawa ga hasken rana. Ƙaƙƙarfan kwayoyin halitta, ko ƙura mai laushi yana da alamar girman su na micrometer PM ₁₀ zuwa PM _2.5 . Iskar da ke [[Karachi]] tana gurbace da hayakin mota, musamman raksha da [[Bus|motocin bas]], hayakin masana'antu, bude kone-kone na sharar gida, gobarar gidaje, da sauran barbashi amma gwamnati da kungiyoyin kare muhalli ba sa daukar lamarin da muhimmanci ko kuma a kan lokaci. === Rickshaws === Injin bugun bugun jini da ke kan raksha da babura na ɗaya daga cikin manyan gurɓatar iska a [[Karachi]] da sauran [[Pakistan]] . Injin bugu biyu, da kuma motoci marasa lahani ko rashin kulawa, sune manyan gurɓata yanayi ta hanyar fitar da hayaƙin carbon dioxide .Kuma Injin bugun bugun jini da kuma motocin da ba su da inganci da ke amfani da man shafawa mara inganci sune manyan fitar da sulfur dioxide da hayaki. Motocin da ke aiki akan matsewar iskar gas da kuma iskar gas mai ruwa da tsaki sune manyan gurɓatattun iska. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-129413-Rising-air-pollution-badly-affecting-Karachiites |title=Rising air pollution badly affecting Karachiites |access-date=2022-03-19 |archive-date=2015-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701163408/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-129413-Rising-air-pollution-badly-affecting-Karachiites |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hasken ƙazanta == Lalacewar Hasken ya haɗa da ƙetare haske, yawan haske da tsangwama a sararin samaniya . Kuma Rashin gurɓataccen haske shine kasancewar hasken ɗan adam da hasken wucin gadi a cikin yanayin dare. Yin amfani da hasken da ya wuce kima, ɓarna ko ɓarna, amma ko da hasken da aka yi amfani da shi a hankali yana canza yanayin yanayi. == Sharar gida == Sharar gida shine laifin jefa abubuwan da basu dace da mutum ba, ba a cire su ba, a kan kadarorin jama'a da na sirri. Sannan Kamfanin Karachi na Karachi ya sha wahala saboda rashin gudanar da harkokin gudanarwa da kudi kuma a yanzu suna fuskantar matsaloli sosai wajen gudanar da ayyuka na yau da kullun kamar tattarawa da zubar da sharar gari daga muhimman wuraren zama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Karachi becoming a large garbage bin as waste management woes persist |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-199704-Karachi-becoming-a-large-garbage-bin-as-waste-management-woes-persist |access-date=2022-03-19 |archive-date=2015-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701173141/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-199704-Karachi-becoming-a-large-garbage-bin-as-waste-management-woes-persist |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gurbacewar hayaniya == Gurbacewar hayaniya wacce ta ƙunshi hayaniyar hanya, hayaniyar jirgin sama, hayaniyar masana'antu gami da ƙarar sonar . Kuma Hayaniyar Karachi ta kai 80&nbsp;dB (A), Babban Hayaniyar Hayaniyar x (GNI) zuwa 460, da matakin gurɓacewar amo (NPL) zuwa 99&nbsp;dB (A). Waɗannan ƙimar sun fi girma (P ƙasa da 0.01) fiye da samammun bayanan ƙasashen duniya. An gano hanyoyin samar da hayaniya kamar, zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, ayyukan mutane, ayyukan masana'antu da farar hula, bitar injiniyoyi da injiniyoyi. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da su na gurɓatar hayaniya a Karachi, su ne motocin haya, kekuna masu tafiya da kuma ƙahonin jigilar jama'a. Hayaniyar da ke fitowa daga tushe iri-iri kamar; Babura, Auto-Rikshaws, Motoci, Wagons, Mini-buses & Buses, Motoci, Taraktoci, Tankar ruwa, Bulldozers da Injin atisas da sauransu <ref>[http://www.lumhs.edu.pk/jlumhs/Vol09No03/pdfs/v9n3oa09.pdf Traffic Noise Pollution in Karachi]</ref> == Gurbacewar ƙasa == [[Gurɓatar ƙasa|Gurɓataccen ƙasa]] yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka fitar da sinadarai ta hanyar zubewa ko zubar da ƙasa. Sannan Daga cikin mafi mahimmancin [[Gurɓatar ƙasa|gurɓataccen ƙasa]] akwai hydrocarbons, ƙarfe masu nauyi, MTBE, <ref>[http://www.epa.gov/mtbe/water.htm#concerns Concerns about MTBE] from [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. EPA]] website</ref> herbicides, magungunan kashe qwari da chlorinated hydrocarbons . === Naya Nazimabad Contamination === An gina unguwar Naya Nazimabad a [[Karachi]] akan gurbataccen ƙasa wanda ke haifar da matsalolin lafiya ga mazauna yankin. Kuma An yi wani rufa-rufa don yin watsi da gurbacewar Naya Nazimabad a kafafen yada labaran Pakistan. Shunaid Qureshi, developer of Naya Nazimabad, CEO Al Abbas Sugar Mills da kuma tsohon shugaban Pakistan Sugar Mills Association (PASMA) an kama a Janairu 2014. Kamfanin Javedan Cement Limited (JCL) ya zama mai zaman kansa kuma an sayar da shi a kan farashi mai rahusa na Rs. 4.3 biliyan ( $ 43 miliyan) ga Haji Ghani da Shunaid Qureshi. Sabbin masu mallakar kusan nan da nan suka daina kera, kuma sun wargaza masana'antar siminti kuma suka mai da filin JCL mai girman eka 1,300 zuwa aikin gidaje na Naya Nazimabad wanda darajarsa ta haura Rs. biliyan 100 ( $ 1 biliyan). == Gurɓatar rediyoaktif == Gurɓataccen rediyo wanda ya samo asali daga ayyukan ƙarni na 20 a cikin ilimin kimiyyar atomatik, kamar samar da makamashin nukiliya da binciken makaman nukiliya, ƙira da turawa. (Dubi alpha emitters da [[Ayyukan radiyo na muhalli|actinides a cikin muhalli]] ). Rukunin wutar lantarki na Karachi yana 50&nbsp;km daga [[Karachi]] cikin gari. KANUPP -1 mai karfin megawatt CANDU reactor ne. Akwai biyu 1100 MW kowane CAP1400 Nuclear reactors da ake yi. A watan Nuwamba shekarata 2013, Pakistan da China sun tabbatar da cewa CAP1400 Nuclear reactor, bisa AP1000 Westinghouse Electric Company Pressurized water reactor, za a gina a Karachi. <ref>[http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13349/with-reactor-deal-china-and-pakistan-seek-to-reshape-global-nuclear-governance With Reactor Deal, China and Pakistan Seek to Reshape Global Nuclear Governance]</ref> Ana kuma tada tambayoyi game da ƙirar ƙirar masana'antar wutar lantarki ta Karachi. Kuma An yi iƙirarin cewa ƙirar shuke-shuken Karachi, ACP-I000, har yanzu yana kan ci gaba kuma ba a gwada shi ba. == Gurbacewar yanayi == Gurɓataccen yanayi shine canjin yanayin zafi a jikin ruwa na halitta wanda tasirin ɗan adam ke haifarwa, kamar amfani da ruwa azaman sanyaya a cikin injin wuta. == Gurbacewar gani == Gurbacewar gani, wanda zai iya nuni ga kasancewar layukan wutar lantarki na sama, allunan talla na babbar hanya, tarkacen filayen ƙasa (kamar daga ma'adinan tsiri ), buɗaɗɗen ajiyar shara, [[Datti da sharar gida|ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida]] ko tarkacen sararin samaniya . Hukumar Kula da Birni ta Karachi (KMC) ta sanya dokar hana sanya sabbin allunan talla, allunan tallace-tallace da sauran kudaden ajiya a cikin babban birnin na tsawon watanni uku masu zuwa. Sannan Kuma An dauki matakin ne a taron da manyan jami’an KMC suka yi bayan da kamfanin ya lura da gurbatar yanayi da ke lalata yanayin birnin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=KMC says no to ‘visual pollution’ |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-146744-KMC-says-no-to |access-date=2022-03-19 |archive-date=2015-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701173138/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-146744-KMC-says-no-to |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai allunan talla sama da 3,000 a Karachi suna haifar da gurbacewar gani. <ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/680039/skin-city-the-story-of-karachis-billboards/ The story of Karachi's billboards]</ref> == Gurbacewar ruwa == Rashin gurɓataccen ruwa ta hanyar fitar da ruwan sha daga sharar kasuwanci da [[Sharar masana'antu|masana'antu]] (da gangan ko ta zube) cikin ruwan saman ; fitar da najasa na cikin gida da ba a kula da su ba, da gurɓatattun sinadarai, irin su chlorine, daga najasar da aka yi da ita; sakin sharar gida da gurɓataccen abu a cikin kwararowar ƙasa da ke [[Kwararar ruwa|kwarara]] zuwa saman ruwa (ciki har da ɓarkewar birane da na noma, waɗanda za su iya ƙunshi takin sinadari da magungunan kashe qwari ); zubar da sharar gida da leaching cikin ruwan karkashin kasa ; eutrophication da sharar gida. Galan miliyan 110 a kowace rana na danyen ruwan da ba a kula da shi ba daga kogin [[Kogin Indus|Indus]] ana hadawa da ruwan da aka dasa daga cibiyoyin kula da ruwan da hukumar kula da ruwa ta Karachi (KWSB) ke yi, kuma ana kawo wannan hadakar ruwan ga birnin. KWSB ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan ruwan ya dace da amfani. Hakanan an ƙara adadin chlorine don tabbatar da cewa an kawar da kowane nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. <ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/449345/environmental-hazard-karachis-garbage-piles-up-as-coffers-empty/ Environmental hazard: Karachi’s garbage piles up as coffers empty]</ref> Karachi yana da gurbacewar ruwan sha da rashin isa gare shi. Sannan Kuma Akwai rashin gamsuwa da zubar da shara a Karachi. Maimakon zubar da shara a masana'antar sarrafa shara, jama'a sun yi ta jefawa da kona shi a wurare daban-daban na zaman jama'a da na kasuwanci a cikin birnin, lamarin da ya haifar da kazanta mai yawa. <ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/568965/drinking-water-quality-in-karachi Drinking water quality in Karachi]</ref> === Tanning === [[Pakistan]] tana fitar da samfuran fata ta amfani da hanyoyin samar da fata gami da fata. Baya ga sauran tasirin muhalli na fata, hanyoyin samarwa suna da tasirin muhalli mai girma, musamman saboda: * yawan amfani da sinadarai masu gurbata muhalli a cikin tsarin fata * gurɓataccen iska saboda tsarin canji ( Hydrogen sulfide a lokacin dehairing da ammonia a lokacin deliming, sauran ƙarfi vapours). Ton ɗaya na ɓoye ko fata gabaɗaya yana haifar da samar da 20 zuwa 80 m3 na turbid da ruwan sha mai ƙamshi, gami da matakan chromium na 100-400.&nbsp;MG/L, matakan sulfide na 200-800&nbsp;mg/L da manyan matakan mai da sauran ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida, da kuma sanannen kamuwa da cuta. Kuma Har ila yau, ana yawan amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don kiyaye ɓoye yayin jigilar kaya. Tare da ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida da ke wakiltar har zuwa 70% na nauyin rigar na asali na asali,sannan tsarin tanning yana zuwa da matsala mai yawa akan kayan aikin gyaran ruwa. === Masana'antu === Masana'antu na Karachi suna haifar da hadaddiyar giyar sinadarai da abubuwa masu guba, kuma ana fitar da datti mai yawa na masana'antu cikin rafuka, koguna, ko teku. === Yadi === [[Pakistan|Pakistan na]] fitar da kayayyakin masaku zuwa kasashen waje sannan kuma dattin masana'antar ke haifar da gurbatar ruwanta. Tushen niƙa (TMEs) sune fitar da ruwan sha daga masana'anta waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin aikin rigar kamar su zazzagewa, neutralizing, desizing, mercerizing, carbonizing, cikawa, bleaching, rini, Kuma bugu da sauran ayyukan kammala rigar. Ba a samar da su a wuraren da ke gudanar da sarrafa bushewa kawai (kati, kadi, saƙa da saƙa), wanki ko kera zaruruwan roba ta hanyar sinadarai. == Gudanar da Muhalli == Gudanar da muhalli ya ƙunshi kalmomi biyu: muhalli da gudanarwa. Don haka da farko, dole ne mu san, menene gudanarwa. Kuma Sa'an nan za mu iya sauƙi fahimta game da muhalli management. Gudanarwa shine tsari na tsarawa, tsarawa, sarrafawa, daidaitawa, daukar ma'aikata ko jagoranci don samun abin da ake so. Da farko, ra'ayi ɗaya game da gudanarwa yana aiki, kamar aunawa yawa, daidaita tsare-tsare, DA Kuma cimma burin. Wannan ya shafi ko da yanayin da ba a yi shiri ba. Daga wannan hangen nesa, Henri Fayol ya ɗauki gudanarwa ya ƙunshi ayyuka shida: Komai, kullun muna sarrafa komai, kowane ra'ayi. Yana jagorantar masu dacewa don cimma burin da ake so. Tsarin kula da muhalli tsari ne na tsare-tsare na tsarawa, ƙira, daidaitawa, jagoranci da sarrafa duk ayyuka da kuma waɗanne maƙasudai/ayyukan kowace mahalli don samun kyakkyawan sakamako dangane da haɓaka ingancin muhalli. Manufofin Gudanar da Muhalli Daga mahangar aiki, * Muna son yanayin rayuwa mai lafiya. Don tabbatar da hakan dole ne mu kawar da kowane irin gurbataccen yanayi ko kafofin watsa labarai na muhalli. A cikin kulawar yanayi: inda muka sami matsala, muna sarrafa a nan. * Ware tushen da mai karɓa kuma kiyaye yankin buffer a tsakanin su yayin da yake aiki kamar nutsewa. Wannan yanki na iya zama na zahiri ko ta nisa. Manufarta ita ce ƙirƙirar yankin buffer. * Hasashen * Tsare-tsare * Tsara * Yin umarni * Gudanarwa * Sarrafa == Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli == == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Matsalolin muhalli a Pakistan * Matsalolin muhalli a Siachen * Ilimin duniya na Pakistan * Kiwon lafiya a Pakistan * Jerin batutuwan muhalli * Yankunan Pakistan masu kariya * Namun daji na Pakistan == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin na waje == [http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=544 Barazanar Tsaro Na Gargajiya A Pakistan] Daga Ali Tauqeer Sheikh (Oktoba 2011) * [http://www.nbr.org/publications/issue.aspx?id=231 Kalubalen Tsaro na Muhalli da Na Gargajiya a Kudancin Asiya] ta Dennis Pirages, Farooq Sobhan, Stacy D. VanDeveer da Li Li (Yuni 2011) * [http://technologytimes.pk/english-news.php?title=Pollution%20in%20Pakistan%20and%20its%20solutions Gurbacewa a Pakistan da mafita]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://uos.edu.pk/uploads/Ssh/A/8.pdf GURBATAWAR SAMA A KARACHI DALILAI DA ILLAR LAFIYA DAN ADAM.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205184033/https://uos.edu.pk/uploads/Ssh/A/8.pdf |date=2020-12-05 }} * [http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-129413-Rising-air-pollution-badly-affecting-Karachiites Haɓaka gurɓataccen iska yana cutar da Karachi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701163408/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-129413-Rising-air-pollution-badly-affecting-Karachiites |date=2015-07-01 }} * [http://www.nation.com.pk/karachi/17-Jul-2012/karachi-among-8-most-polluted-cities-in-asia Karachi na cikin birane 8 da suka fi gurbata muhalli a Asiya] * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235342970_Effect_of_air_pollution_on_daily_morbidity_in_Karachi_Pakistan Tasirin gurbatacciyar iska a kan cututtuka na yau da kullun a Karachi, Pakistan] * [http://jcsp.org.pk/ArticleUpload/820-3500-1-RV.pdf Ingantacciyar iska a cikin yanayin birnin Karachi - Bayani] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090110230203/http://www.american.edu/TED/KARACHI.HTM Karachi Coastline Case] * [http://www.brecorder.com/weekend-magazine/0:g/1174833:save-karachi---save-earth Ajiye Karachi - Ajiye Duniya]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3sin41scrgjmjkjfmhzg23ck26purpg 0 33271 890271 446455 2026-08-01T20:03:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ulrick Brad Eneme Ella''' (an haife shi ranar 22 ga watan Mayun 2001) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa ne]] wanda ke taka rawar gani a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a makarantar Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion. An haife shi a Faransa, yana wakiltar tawagar kasar [[Gabon]]. == Sana'a/Aiki == Eneme Ella ya fara buga kwallon kafa a makarantun matasa na Sens da Auxerre a Faransa, kafin ya koma Austria tare da Red Bull Salzburg a 2017.<ref>sonapresse, L'Union (July 9, 2020). "Football: [[Eneme Ella]] continue de "manger son pain noir". L'UNION | L'actualité du Gabon</ref> Ya kasance an ba da lamuninsa tare da Liefering kafin ya koma Amiens a lokacin rani na shekarar 2019.<ref>Rédaction, La (September 22, 2020). "Amiens SC:nUlrick [[Eneme-Ella]] s'en va [OFFICIEL]". Le 11 HDF</ref> Ya fara babban aikinsa tare da ajiyar Amiens, kafin ya koma Ingila don shiga makarantar Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion akan 22 Satumba 2020.<ref>Albion sign French under-19 striker". www.brightonandhovealbion.com</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == An haife shi a Faransa, Eneme Ella dan asalin Gabon ne.<ref>Football: Ulrick [[Eneme Ella]] sélectionnable par le [[Gabon]]". October 28, 2021.</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya a Faransa, wanda ya wakilci Faransa U16s, U17, U18, da U19. Koyaya, ya yanke shawarar wakiltar Gabon kuma ya yi muhawara tare da su a 2–1 2022 na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a Masar a kan 16 Nuwamba 2021.<ref>Brighton striker Ulrick [[Eneme Ella]] plays for [[Gabon]] in Egypt|The Argus"</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|ulrick-brad-eneme-ella/508740/}} * [https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9422-eneme-ella-ulrick-brad/fiche.html FFF Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001202601/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9422-eneme-ella-ulrick-brad/fiche.html |date=2022-10-01 }} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category: Haifaffun 2001]] 1jospk18itcnjxq51ryfpkfu77nmgh3 0 39897 890457 320872 2026-08-02T07:26:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yusuf Ali Chowdhury''' (1905 - 26 Nuwamba 1971), wanda aka sani da '''Mohan Mia''', ɗan siyasan Bengali-Pakistan ne.<ref name=bpedia>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Chowdhury, Yusuf Ali|author=Abu Md. Delwar Hossain}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chowdhury a cikin shekara ta (1905)a Faridpur, gundumar Faridpur, fadar shugaban ƙasa ta Bengal, Raj na Burtaniya. Mahaifinsa, Chowdhury Moyezuddin Biwshash, ya kasance [[zamindar]]. Ya yi karatu har zuwa aji goma a makarantar Ishan, Faridpur.<ref name=bpedia /> ya auri Ferdousi Begum.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/08/21/d40821100583.htm|title=Qulkhwani held|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-01-20|archive-date=2018-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071305/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/08/21/d40821100583.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sana'a == Chowdhury ya shiga harkar siyasa a lokacin rayuwarsa ta ɗalibi. Ya sami damar dage haramcin yankan shanu a Faridpur da Raj na Burtaniya ya yi. Ya yi shekaru 17 a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar gundumar Faridpur. Ya kasance muhimmin mai shirya yunƙurin Pakistan da Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Indiya. A cikin shekara ta (1937) an zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Bengal. Daga shekara ta 1941 zuwa 1953 ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar haɗin kan musulmi ta Faridpur. Daga shekara ta (1941 zuwa 1947) yana cikin kwamitin aiki na ƙungiyar musulmi ta Bengal. Daga shekara ta (1952 zuwa 1947) ya zama babban sakataren kungiyar musulmi ta Gabashin Bengal. An kore shi daga gasar kuma ya shiga [[Jam'iyyar Krishak Sramik]]. A cikin shekara ta (1950) an zaɓe shi a Majalisar Mazabar Pakistan. A cikin shekara ta (1954) an zaɓe shi a Majalisar Lardin Gabashin Pakistan. Ya taba riƙe muƙamin ministan noma, ministan Jute, da ministan gandun daji a gwamnatin AK Fazlul Haq . An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan a shekara ta (1955). Ya taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da Krishak Praja Party a ƙarƙashin AK Fazlul Haq a shekara ta (1957). Ya taimaka wajen kafa [[National Democratic Front (East Pakistan)|National Democratic Front]] da Pakistan Democratic Movement. Ya koma Pakistan Democratic Party kuma ya shiga ta. Nurul Amin ne ya jagorance ta. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar [[Pakistan Democratic Party]]. Ya taimaka wajen kafa Kwamitin Ayyukan Demokradiyya ta Shugaba [[Ayub Khan]]. Ya yi rashin nasara a babban zaɓen Pakistan na shekarar (1970) a hannun ɗan takarar Bangladesh Awami League. Bayan fara yakin 'yantar da Bangladesh a shekara ta (1971) ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga gwamnatin Pakistan.<ref name=bpedia /><ref name=":2" /> == Mutuwa == Chowdhury ya tafi [[Karachi]], Yammacin Pakistan bisa umarnin Nurul Amin a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta (1971) Ya rasu a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba.<ref name=bpedia /> Ɗansa, [[Chowdhury Kamal Ibne Yusuf]], ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan (Good and Disaster Managment) a gwamnatin [[Bangaladash Nationalist Party]].<ref name=":1" /> Wani ɗansa, Chowdhury Akmal Ibne Yusuf, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan [[Jatiya Sangsad]] mai wakiltar Mazaɓar [[Faridpur-4]] a tsakanin shekarar (2001 zuwa 2006).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former MP Chowdhury Akmal Ibne Yousuf dies|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/594702/Former-MP-Chowdhury-Akmal-Ibne-Yousuf-dies|access-date=2022-07-02|website=Daily Sun|language=en|archive-date=2022-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702052353/https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/594702/Former-MP-Chowdhury-Akmal-Ibne-Yousuf-dies|url-status=dead}}</ref> Adawar da Chowdhury ya yi na ɓallewar [[Pakistan]] ya janyo masa farin jini. Jaridar Bangladesh, ''[[The Daily Star]] ta'' yi sharhi:<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2004/12/04/d41204150392.htm|title=Lest We Forget|last=Haq|first=Enamul|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-01-20}}</ref> {{Blockquote|If any politician of this country is to be remembered for uncommon qualities of head and heart and for nearly half a century of dedicated and selfless public service, the name of Yusuf Ali Chowdhury comes to the fore. He knew from his own commitment to the cause of the Bengali language and the issue of political, economic and social justice for the Bengali people that liberation was imminent and it would need all the wisdom and efforts of the people and the political leaders to reconstruct the shattered land and take it on to the path of progress and prosperity. The post-liberation Bangladesh surely needed the services of an extraordinarily wise, selfless and incorruptible politician like Mohan Mia.}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1905]] [[Category:Mutuwan 1971]] [[Category:Musulmin Bengali]] [[Category:Dan Siyasan Bangladesh]] == Manazarta == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> 462sui2t9gsn0v1yli4ilxrx48sf4ln 0 39977 890102 451093 2026-08-01T12:22:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 890102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranakun 10-11 ga Fabrairu, 2019, <ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/320283-special-report-after-attacks-kajuru-villagers-tell-tales-of-pains-sorrow.html SPECIAL REPORT: After attacks, Kajuru villagers tell tales of pains, sorrow]</ref> an kashe mutane 141 a karamar hukumar [[Kajuru]] ta jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] a cewar gwamnan jihar, sa'o'i kaɗan kafin babban zaɓen Najeriya. Waɗanda suka mutu sun haɗa da ‘ [[Adarawa|yan Adara]] 11 da [[Fulani]] 130. Sai dai an ruwaito ƙungiyar Fulani ta [[Miyetti Allah]] ta fitar da jerin sunayen Fulani 131 da suka mutu sannan ta kuma bayyana cewa an gano gawarwakin Fulani 66 yayin da sauran gawarwakin wasu Fulani 65 suka bace. Wani hari da wasu ‘yan bindiga da ake kyautata zaton Fulani ne suka kai kan Ungwar Bardi, ya kashe mutane 11 a Adara. Su kuma ‘yan bindigar Adara sun kaiwa Fulani hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/02/19/death-toll-from-last-week-s-northwest-nigeria-attack-doubles-to-130|title=Death toll from last week's Northwest Nigeria attack doubles to 130|website=ewn.co.za|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref><ref name="urlMiyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria">{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/314665-miyetti-allah-releases-names-of-131-victims-of-kajuru-kaduna-violence.html |title=Miyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/313348-how-66-people-were-killed-in-kaduna-in-two-days.html/|title=‘How 66 people were killed in Kaduna in two days’|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=2019-02-11}}</ref> Daga baya ƙungiyar [[Miyetti Allah]] ta bayyana cewa an binne mutane 66 a cikin kaburbura sannan wasu 65 sun bata. <ref>[https://www.naijanews.com/2019/03/16/kajuru-killings-miyetti-allah-says-adara-militia-groups-at-work/ Kajuru Killings: Miyetti Allah Says ‘Adara’ Militia Group’s At Work]</ref> Wasu majiyoyi kamar ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta [[Najeriya]], sun bayyana cewa gwamnan ya yi karya. Haka ma [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Nigeria)|Hukumar bayar da agajin gaggawa ta kasa ta]] musanta hakan.<ref>[https://punchng.com/el-rufai-lied-over-killing-of-66-kaduna-residents-can-nema/ El-Rufai lied over killing of 66 Kaduna residents — CAN, NEMA]</ref> Sai dai an nuna wasu daga cikin kaburburan da aka binne Fulanin da aka kashe a cikin su ga jaridar [[Premium Times]]. <ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/320283-special-report-after-attacks-kajuru-villagers-tell-tales-of-pains-sorrow.html SPECIAL REPORT: After attacks, Kajuru villagers tell tales of pains, sorrow]</ref> Mazauna yankin sun yi ikirarin cewa an fara kai harin ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya a watan Oktoban 2018 tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Kajuru wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 55 baki ɗaya.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/death-toll-week-nigeria-attack-doubles-130-190219193655675.html Death toll in last week's Nigeria attack doubles to 130 ]</ref> Daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu, 22 yara ne, yayin da wasu 11 kuma mata ne. Rikici a gab da lokutan zaɓe ya zama ruwan dare a Najeriya. An kashe ɗaruruwan mutane a rikicin da ya biyo bayan zaɓen 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/gunmen-kill-66-nigeria-kaduna-state-vote-190215192550760.html|title=Gunmen kill 66 in Nigeria's Kaduna state ahead of vote|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2019-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2019/02/17/kajuru-massacre-fulanis-abandon-kaduna-village-killing-66-persons/|title=Kajuru massacre: Fulanis abandon Kaduna village after killing of 66 persons|last=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=2019-02-17|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-election-security-kaduna-idUSKCN1Q81MQ|title=Death toll from northwest Nigeria attack doubles to 130|date=2019-02-19|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Aƙalla mutane 29 ne aka ruwaito an kashe a wani hari da aka kai a ƙauyen Karamai na Kajuru a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2019. Harin dai ana zargin Fulani ne na matsayin ramuwar gayya ga rikicin da ya ɓarke a baya inda aka kaiwa Fulani hari. Bayan yan kwanaki Gwamnan ya tabbatar da adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya ƙaru zuwa 40.<ref>{{Cite web |title=29 killed as ethnic violence grips NW Nigeria |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/29-killed-ethnic-violence-grips-nw-nigeria-153955965.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |archive-date=2022-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219204558/https://www.yahoo.com/news/29-killed-ethnic-violence-grips-nw-nigeria-153955965.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.channelstv.com/2019/03/02/death-toll-from-kaduna-attack-rises-to-40/ Death Toll From Kaduna Attack Rises To 40]</ref> Ƙungiyar haɗin kai akan kashe kashen Kajuru ta bayyana a ranar 18 ga watan Maris cewa tun daga lokacin mutane 130 ne aka kashe a wasu hare-haren ramuwar gayya kan kisan kiyashin da El-Rufai ya sanar.<ref>[http://dailypost.ng/2019/03/19/kajuru-killings-130-lives-wasted-group-laments/ Kajuru killings: Over 130 lives wasted – Group laments]</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin kisan kiyashi a Najeriya]] * [[1992 Zangon Kataf crises|Rikicin Zangon Kataf, 1992]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2019 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] [[Category:Tarihin Jihar Kaduna]] [[category:Jihar Kaduna]] si2gs137uslh9sakhg5ovmjt7d60i97 890103 890102 2026-08-01T12:23:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 890103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranakun 10-11 ga Fabrairu, 2019, <ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/320283-special-report-after-attacks-kajuru-villagers-tell-tales-of-pains-sorrow.html SPECIAL REPORT: After attacks, Kajuru villagers tell tales of pains, sorrow]</ref> an kashe mutane 141 a karamar hukumar [[Kajuru]] ta jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] a cewar gwamnan jihar, sa'o'i kaɗan kafin babban zaɓen Najeriya. Waɗanda suka mutu sun haɗa da ‘ [[Adarawa|yan Adara]] 11 da [[Fulani]] 130. Sai dai an ruwaito ƙungiyar Fulani ta [[Miyetti Allah]] ta fitar da jerin sunayen Fulani 131 da suka mutu sannan ta kuma bayyana cewa an gano gawarwakin Fulani 66 yayin da sauran gawarwakin wasu Fulani 65 suka bace. Wani hari da wasu ‘yan bindiga da ake kyautata zaton Fulani ne suka kai kan Ungwar Bardi, ya kashe mutane 11 a Adara. Su kuma ‘yan bindigar Adara sun kaiwa Fulani hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/02/19/death-toll-from-last-week-s-northwest-nigeria-attack-doubles-to-130|title=Death toll from last week's Northwest Nigeria attack doubles to 130|website=ewn.co.za|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref><ref name="urlMiyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria">{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/314665-miyetti-allah-releases-names-of-131-victims-of-kajuru-kaduna-violence.html |title=Miyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/313348-how-66-people-were-killed-in-kaduna-in-two-days.html/|title=‘How 66 people were killed in Kaduna in two days’|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=2019-02-11}}</ref> Daga baya ƙungiyar [[Miyetti Allah]] ta bayyana cewa an binne mutane 66 a cikin kaburbura sannan wasu 65 sun bata. <ref>[https://www.naijanews.com/2019/03/16/kajuru-killings-miyetti-allah-says-adara-militia-groups-at-work/ Kajuru Killings: Miyetti Allah Says ‘Adara’ Militia Group’s At Work]</ref> Wasu majiyoyi kamar ƙungiyar [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] ta [[Najeriya]], sun bayyana cewa gwamnan ya yi karya. Haka ma [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Nigeria)|Hukumar bayar da agajin gaggawa ta kasa ta]] musanta hakan.<ref>[https://punchng.com/el-rufai-lied-over-killing-of-66-kaduna-residents-can-nema/ El-Rufai lied over killing of 66 Kaduna residents — CAN, NEMA]</ref> Sai dai an nuna wasu daga cikin kaburburan da aka binne Fulanin da aka kashe a cikin su ga jaridar [[Premium Times]]. <ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/320283-special-report-after-attacks-kajuru-villagers-tell-tales-of-pains-sorrow.html SPECIAL REPORT: After attacks, Kajuru villagers tell tales of pains, sorrow]</ref> Mazauna yankin sun yi ikirarin cewa an fara kai harin ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya a watan Oktoban 2018 tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Kajuru wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 55 baki ɗaya.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/death-toll-week-nigeria-attack-doubles-130-190219193655675.html Death toll in last week's Nigeria attack doubles to 130 ]</ref> Daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu, 22 yara ne, yayin da wasu 11 kuma mata ne. Rikici a gab da lokutan zaɓe ya zama ruwan dare a Najeriya. An kashe ɗaruruwan mutane a rikicin da ya biyo bayan zaɓen 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/gunmen-kill-66-nigeria-kaduna-state-vote-190215192550760.html|title=Gunmen kill 66 in Nigeria's Kaduna state ahead of vote|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2019-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2019/02/17/kajuru-massacre-fulanis-abandon-kaduna-village-killing-66-persons/|title=Kajuru massacre: Fulanis abandon Kaduna village after killing of 66 persons|last=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=2019-02-17|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-election-security-kaduna-idUSKCN1Q81MQ|title=Death toll from northwest Nigeria attack doubles to 130|date=2019-02-19|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Aƙalla mutane 29 ne aka ruwaito an kashe a wani hari da aka kai a ƙauyen Karamai na Kajuru a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2019. Harin dai ana zargin Fulani ne na matsayin ramuwar gayya ga rikicin da ya ɓarke a baya inda aka kaiwa Fulani hari. Bayan yan kwanaki Gwamnan ya tabbatar da adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya ƙaru zuwa 40.<ref>{{Cite web |title=29 killed as ethnic violence grips NW Nigeria |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/29-killed-ethnic-violence-grips-nw-nigeria-153955965.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |archive-date=2022-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219204558/https://www.yahoo.com/news/29-killed-ethnic-violence-grips-nw-nigeria-153955965.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.channelstv.com/2019/03/02/death-toll-from-kaduna-attack-rises-to-40/ Death Toll From Kaduna Attack Rises To 40]</ref> Ƙungiyar haɗin kai akan kashe kashen Kajuru ta bayyana a ranar 18 ga watan Maris cewa tun daga lokacin mutane 130 ne aka kashe a wasu hare-haren ramuwar gayya kan kisan kiyashin da El-Rufai ya sanar.<ref>[http://dailypost.ng/2019/03/19/kajuru-killings-130-lives-wasted-group-laments/ Kajuru killings: Over 130 lives wasted – Group laments]</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin kisan kiyashi a Najeriya]] * [[1992 Zangon Kataf crises|Rikicin Zangon Kataf, 1992]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2019 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] [[Category:Tarihin Jihar Kaduna]] [[category:Jihar Kaduna]] q1iu9kqsc4cmvkfn70g3y44z09eavci 890104 890103 2026-08-01T12:23:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 890104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranakun 10-11 ga Fabrairu, 2019, <ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/320283-special-report-after-attacks-kajuru-villagers-tell-tales-of-pains-sorrow.html SPECIAL REPORT: After attacks, Kajuru villagers tell tales of pains, sorrow]</ref> an kashe mutane 141 a karamar hukumar [[Kajuru]] ta jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] a [[Najeriya]] a cewar gwamnan jihar, sa'o'i kaɗan kafin babban zaɓen Najeriya. Waɗanda suka mutu sun haɗa da ‘ [[Adarawa|yan Adara]] 11 da [[Fulani]] 130. Sai dai an ruwaito ƙungiyar Fulani ta [[Miyetti Allah]] ta fitar da jerin sunayen Fulani 131 da suka mutu sannan ta kuma bayyana cewa an gano gawarwakin Fulani 66 yayin da sauran gawarwakin wasu Fulani 65 suka bace. Wani hari da wasu ‘yan bindiga da ake kyautata zaton Fulani ne suka kai kan Ungwar Bardi, ya kashe mutane 11 a Adara. Su kuma ‘yan bindigar Adara sun kaiwa Fulani hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/02/19/death-toll-from-last-week-s-northwest-nigeria-attack-doubles-to-130|title=Death toll from last week's Northwest Nigeria attack doubles to 130|website=ewn.co.za|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref><ref name="urlMiyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria">{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/314665-miyetti-allah-releases-names-of-131-victims-of-kajuru-kaduna-violence.html |title=Miyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/313348-how-66-people-were-killed-in-kaduna-in-two-days.html/|title=‘How 66 people were killed in Kaduna in two days’|publisher=Premium Times|accessdate=2019-02-11}}</ref> Daga baya ƙungiyar [[Miyetti Allah]] ta bayyana cewa an binne mutane 66 a cikin kaburbura sannan wasu 65 sun bata. <ref>[https://www.naijanews.com/2019/03/16/kajuru-killings-miyetti-allah-says-adara-militia-groups-at-work/ Kajuru Killings: Miyetti Allah Says ‘Adara’ Militia Group’s At Work]</ref> Wasu majiyoyi kamar ƙungiyar [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] ta [[Najeriya]], sun bayyana cewa gwamnan ya yi karya. Haka ma [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Nigeria)|Hukumar bayar da agajin gaggawa ta kasa ta]] musanta hakan.<ref>[https://punchng.com/el-rufai-lied-over-killing-of-66-kaduna-residents-can-nema/ El-Rufai lied over killing of 66 Kaduna residents — CAN, NEMA]</ref> Sai dai an nuna wasu daga cikin kaburburan da aka binne Fulanin da aka kashe a cikin su ga jaridar [[Premium Times]]. <ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/320283-special-report-after-attacks-kajuru-villagers-tell-tales-of-pains-sorrow.html SPECIAL REPORT: After attacks, Kajuru villagers tell tales of pains, sorrow]</ref> Mazauna yankin sun yi ikirarin cewa an fara kai harin ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya a watan Oktoban 2018 tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Kajuru wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 55 baki ɗaya.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/death-toll-week-nigeria-attack-doubles-130-190219193655675.html Death toll in last week's Nigeria attack doubles to 130 ]</ref> Daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu, 22 yara ne, yayin da wasu 11 kuma mata ne. Rikici a gab da lokutan zaɓe ya zama ruwan dare a Najeriya. An kashe ɗaruruwan mutane a rikicin da ya biyo bayan zaɓen 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/gunmen-kill-66-nigeria-kaduna-state-vote-190215192550760.html|title=Gunmen kill 66 in Nigeria's Kaduna state ahead of vote|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2019-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2019/02/17/kajuru-massacre-fulanis-abandon-kaduna-village-killing-66-persons/|title=Kajuru massacre: Fulanis abandon Kaduna village after killing of 66 persons|last=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=2019-02-17|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-election-security-kaduna-idUSKCN1Q81MQ|title=Death toll from northwest Nigeria attack doubles to 130|date=2019-02-19|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Aƙalla mutane 29 ne aka ruwaito an kashe a wani hari da aka kai a ƙauyen Karamai na Kajuru a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2019. Harin dai ana zargin Fulani ne na matsayin ramuwar gayya ga rikicin da ya ɓarke a baya inda aka kaiwa Fulani hari. Bayan yan kwanaki Gwamnan ya tabbatar da adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya ƙaru zuwa 40.<ref>{{Cite web |title=29 killed as ethnic violence grips NW Nigeria |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/29-killed-ethnic-violence-grips-nw-nigeria-153955965.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |archive-date=2022-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219204558/https://www.yahoo.com/news/29-killed-ethnic-violence-grips-nw-nigeria-153955965.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.channelstv.com/2019/03/02/death-toll-from-kaduna-attack-rises-to-40/ Death Toll From Kaduna Attack Rises To 40]</ref> Ƙungiyar haɗin kai akan kashe kashen Kajuru ta bayyana a ranar 18 ga watan Maris cewa tun daga lokacin mutane 130 ne aka kashe a wasu hare-haren ramuwar gayya kan kisan kiyashin da El-Rufai ya sanar.<ref>[http://dailypost.ng/2019/03/19/kajuru-killings-130-lives-wasted-group-laments/ Kajuru killings: Over 130 lives wasted – Group laments]</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin kisan kiyashi a Najeriya]] * [[1992 Zangon Kataf crises|Rikicin Zangon Kataf, 1992]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:2019 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] [[Category:Tarihin Jihar Kaduna]] [[category:Jihar Kaduna]] cvfu0w5nb2ihx44ydy4m4j2lbwdlxmb 0 40573 890451 837578 2026-08-02T07:08:49Z Baffa ali 47435 890451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:VirginiaSatir4.jpg |thumb|Virginia Satir Masaniyar Ilimin halin dan Adam ]] [[Fayil:EEG early studies edited.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Phrenologie1_(87k_edited).jpg |thumb|Phrenology ]] '''Psychology;''' shine binciken kimiyya na [[hankali]] da hali. IIlimin halin dan [[Adam]] ya haɗa da nazarin hankali da abubuwan da ba a sani ba, gami da ji da [[tunani]]. Ilimi ne na ilimi mai girman gaske, yana ketare iyakoki tsakanin ilimin halitta da [[Kimiyyar zamantakewa|zamantakewa]]. Masanan ilimin halayyar dan adam suna neman fahimtar abubuwan da ke faruwa na [[kwakwalwa]], suna danganta horo da ilimin neuroscience. A matsayin masana kimiyyar zamantakewa, masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna nufin fahimtar halayen daidaikun mutane da [[Kungiyoyin mutane|kungiyoyi]]. Syo<ref name="Psychology">Hockenbury & Hockenbury. Psychology. Worth Publishers, 2010.</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/topics/c1gdq2v5g4yt</ref>harafin farko na kalmar Helenanci ''psyche'' wanda aka samo kalmar ilimin halin [[dan Adam]] (duba ƙasa), yawanci yana hade da kimiyya. Kwararren [[likita]] ko mai bincike da ke da hannu a cikin horo ana kiransa masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam. Wasu masana ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma ana iya rarraba su azaman masana kimiyyar halayya ko fahimi. Wasu masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna ƙoƙarin fahimtar matsayin ayyukan tunani a cikin ɗaiɗai da ɗabi'a na zamantakewa. Wasu suna bincika hanyoyin ilimin lissafin jiki da na neurobiological waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ayyuka da halaye na fahimi. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna shiga cikin bincike kan ra'ayi, fahimta, hankali, [[Emotion|motsin rai]], hankali, abubuwan da suka faru, kuzari, aikin kwakwalwa, da mutuntaka. Sha'awar masana ilimin halayyar dan adam sun kai ga alaƙar juna, juriya na tunani, juriyar iyali, da sauran fagage a cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Suna kuma la'akari da hankali marar hankali. <ref name="reference_name_A">[[Psychoanalysis]] and other forms of [[depth psychology]] are most typically associated with theories about the unconscious mind. By contrast, [[Behaviorist|behaviorists]] consider such phenomena as [[classical conditioning]] and [[operant conditioning]]. [[Cognitivism (psychology)|Cognitivists]] explore [[implicit memory]], [[automaticity]], and [[Subliminal message|subliminal messages]], all of which are understood either to bypass or to occur outside of conscious effort or attention. Indeed, [[Cognitive-behavioral therapist|cognitive-behavioral therapists]] counsel their clients to become aware of maladaptive thought patterns, the nature of which the clients previously had not been conscious.</ref> Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na bincike suna amfani da hanyoyin ƙwaƙƙwaran don haifar da alaƙa da alaƙa tsakanin masu canjin yanayin zamantakewa. Wasu, amma ba duka ba, likitocin ilimin nasiha na [[asibiti]] sun dogara da fassarar alama. [[File:A session with a psychotherapist (751707089).jpg|thumb|kimiyar hali na dan adam kenan ]] Yayin da ake amfani da ilimin tunani sau da yawa akan kimantawa da magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, ana kuma karkata zuwa ga fahimta da warware matsaloli a fannoni da dama na ayyukan ɗan adam. Ta lissafin da yawa, ilimin halin dan Adam yana nufin amfani da al'umma. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=205–206}}</ref> Yawancin masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna shiga cikin wani nau'in rawar warkewa, yin aikin motsa jiki a cikin asibiti, shawarwari, ko saitunan makaranta. Sauran masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna gudanar da bincike na kimiyya akan batutuwa masu yawa da suka shafi hanyoyin tunani da halaye. Yawanci ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ɗabi'a suna aiki a cikin tsarin ilimi (misali, jami'o'i, makarantun likitanci, ko asibitoci). Wani rukuni na masana ilimin halayyar dan adam yana aiki a cikin masana'antu da saitunan kungiya. Duk da haka wasu suna da hannu a cikin ayyukan ci gaban ɗan adam, tsufa, wasanni, lafiya, kimiyyar bincike, ilimi, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai. == Asalin kalmar da ma'anoninta == [[File:روانشناسی رشد کودک - دختر بچه Developmental psychology 08.jpg|thumb|halayyar dan Adam ]] Kalmar ''[[wiktionary:psychology|Psychology]]'' ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Helenanci <nowiki><i id="mwXQ">psyche</i></nowiki>, ruhu ko ruhu. Bangaren ƙarshen kalmar "psychology" ya samo asali daga -λογία[[wiktionary:-logia|''-logia'']], wanda ke nufin "karatu" ko "bincike". Kalmar [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''psychologia'' ta fara amfani da ɗan adam ɗan [[Kroatiya|Croatian]] kuma ɗan Latin Marko Marulić a cikin littafinsa, ''Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae'' (''Psychology, on the Nature of the Human Soul'') a ƙarshen karni na 15 ko farkon karni na 16. Maganar farko da aka sani game da kalmar ''ilimin halin'' dan adam a Turanci shine Steven Blankaart a cikin shekarar 1694 a cikin ''Kamus na zahiri.'' Kamus na nufin "Anatomy, wanda ke bi da Jiki, da Psychology, wanda ke bi da Rai." A cikin shekarar 1890, William James ya bayyana ''ilimin halin'' dan Adam a matsayin "kimiyyar rayuwar tunani, duka abubuwan mamaki da yanayin su." {{R|James 1890|pages=|quote=}} Wannan ma'anar ta ji daɗin yaɗu tsawon shekaru da yawa. Duk da haka, an yi hamayya da wannan ma'anar, musamman ta masu halin kirki irin su John B. Watson, wanda a cikin shekarar 1913 ya tabbatar da cewa horo shine "kimiyya ta halitta", makasudin ka'idar wanda "shine tsinkaya da sarrafa hali." <ref name="Watson1913">{{Cite journal|last6=John B. Watson|url-status=158–177}}</ref> Tunda James ya ayyana “ilimin tunani”, kalmar tana da ƙarfi sosai akan gwajin kimiyya. <ref name="Watson1913" /> Ilimin halayyar jama'a yana nufin 'talakawa na gama gari, kamar yadda aka bambanta da ƙwararrun tunani', fahimtar yanayin tunani da halayen mutane. === Farkon ilimin halin dan adam na gwaji === [[File:Wundt-research-group.jpg|right|thumb| Wilhelm Wundt (zaune) tare da abokan aiki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na tunani, irinsa na farko.]] Masanin falsafa John Stuart Mill ya yi imanin cewa tunanin ɗan adam a buɗe yake ga binciken kimiyya, ko da kuwa kimiyyar ta wasu hanyoyi ba ta dace ba. Mill ya ba da shawarar " [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] na hankali" wanda tunanin farko zai iya haɗuwa cikin ra'ayoyin mafi girma. Gustav Fechner ya fara gudanar da binciken ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a [[Leipzig]] a cikin 1830s. Ya fayyace ƙa'idar cewa fahimtar ɗan adam game da abin motsa rai yana bambanta logarithm gwargwadon ƙarfinsa. {{R|Leahey 2001}} Ka'idar ta zama sananne da dokar Weber-Fechner. ''Abubuwan Fechner na 1860 na Psychophysics'' sun ƙalubalanci ra'ayin Kant mara kyau game da gudanar da bincike mai ƙima akan hankali.<ref>Fechner, G. T. (1860). Elemente der Psychophysik. Breitkopf u. Härtel. (Elements of Psychophysics)</ref><ref name="Horst">Horst U.K. Gundlach, "Germany", in Baker (ed.), ''Oxford Handbook of the History of Psychology'' (2012).</ref> Nasarar Fechner ita ce ta nuna cewa "hanyoyin tunani ba za a iya ba da girman adadi kawai ba, amma kuma ana iya auna waɗannan ta hanyoyin gwaji." A cikin Heidelberg, Hermann von Helmholtz ya gudanar da bincike guda ɗaya a kan tsinkayen hankali, da kuma horar da masanin ilimin lissafi Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt, ya zo Jami'ar Leipzig, inda ya kafa dakin gwaje-gwaje na tunani wanda ya kawo ilimin halin gwaji a duniya. Wundt ya mai da hankali kan tarwatsa hanyoyin tunani zuwa mafi mahimmancin sassa na asali, wanda aka kwadaitar a wani bangare ta kwatankwacin ci gaban da aka samu a cikin ilmin sunadarai, da nasarar bincikensa na abubuwa da tsarin kayan. Paul Flechsig da Emil Kraepelin ba da daɗewa ba suka ƙirƙiri wani dakin gwaje-gwaje mai tasiri a Leipzig, ɗakin binciken da ke da alaƙa da tunani, wanda ya fi mai da hankali kan gwajin tabin hankali. == Manazarta == 496tg56y7hvq99tj4eqja3xatm2fw89 890454 890451 2026-08-02T07:18:24Z Baffa ali 47435 890454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:VirginiaSatir4.jpg |thumb|Virginia Satir Masaniyar Ilimin halin dan Adam ]] [[Fayil:EEG early studies edited.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Phrenologie1_(87k_edited).jpg |thumb|Phrenology ]] '''Psychology;''' shine binciken kimiyya na [[hankali]] da hali. IIlimin halin dan [[Adam]] ya haɗa da nazarin hankali da abubuwan da ba a sani ba, gami da ji da [[tunani]]. Ilimi ne na ilimi mai girman gaske, yana ketare iyakoki tsakanin ilimin halitta da [[Kimiyyar zamantakewa|zamantakewa]]. Masanan ilimin halayyar dan adam suna neman fahimtar abubuwan da ke faruwa na [[kwakwalwa]], suna danganta horo da ilimin neuroscience. A matsayin masana kimiyyar zamantakewa, masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna nufin fahimtar halayen daidaikun mutane da [[Kungiyoyin mutane|kungiyoyi]]. Syo<ref name="Psychology">Hockenbury & Hockenbury. Psychology. Worth Publishers, 2010.</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/topics/c1gdq2v5g4yt</ref>harafin farko na kalmar Helenanci ''psyche'' wanda aka samo kalmar ilimin halin [[dan Adam]] (duba ƙasa), yawanci yana hade da kimiyya. Kwararren [[likita]] ko mai bincike da ke da hannu a cikin horo ana kiransa masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam. Wasu masana ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma ana iya rarraba su azaman masana kimiyyar halayya ko fahimi. Wasu masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna ƙoƙarin fahimtar matsayin ayyukan tunani a cikin ɗaiɗai da ɗabi'a na zamantakewa. Wasu suna bincika hanyoyin ilimin lissafin jiki da na neurobiological waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin ayyuka da halaye na fahimi. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna shiga cikin bincike kan ra'ayi, fahimta, hankali, [[Emotion|motsin rai]], hankali, abubuwan da suka faru, kuzari, aikin kwakwalwa, da mutuntaka. Sha'awar masana ilimin halayyar dan adam sun kai ga alaƙar juna, juriya na tunani, juriyar iyali, da sauran fagage a cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Suna kuma la'akari da hankali marar hankali. <ref name="reference_name_A">[[Psychoanalysis]] and other forms of [[depth psychology]] are most typically associated with theories about the unconscious mind. By contrast, [[Behaviorist|behaviorists]] consider such phenomena as [[classical conditioning]] and [[operant conditioning]]. [[Cognitivism (psychology)|Cognitivists]] explore [[implicit memory]], [[automaticity]], and [[Subliminal message|subliminal messages]], all of which are understood either to bypass or to occur outside of conscious effort or attention. Indeed, [[Cognitive-behavioral therapist|cognitive-behavioral therapists]] counsel their clients to become aware of maladaptive thought patterns, the nature of which the clients previously had not been conscious.</ref> Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na bincike suna amfani da hanyoyin ƙwaƙƙwaran don haifar da alaƙa da alaƙa tsakanin masu canjin yanayin zamantakewa. Wasu, amma ba duka ba, likitocin ilimin nasiha na [[asibiti]] sun dogara da fassarar alama. [[File:A session with a psychotherapist (751707089).jpg|thumb|kimiyar hali na dan adam kenan ]] Yayin da ake amfani da ilimin tunani sau da yawa akan kimantawa da magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, ana kuma karkata zuwa ga fahimta da warware matsaloli a fannoni da dama na ayyukan ɗan adam. Ta lissafin da yawa, ilimin halin dan Adam yana nufin amfani da al'umma. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=205–206}}</ref> Yawancin masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna shiga cikin wani nau'in rawar warkewa, yin aikin motsa jiki a cikin asibiti, shawarwari, ko saitunan makaranta. Sauran masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna gudanar da bincike na kimiyya akan batutuwa masu yawa da suka shafi hanyoyin tunani da halaye. Yawanci ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ɗabi'a suna aiki a cikin tsarin ilimi (misali, jami'o'i, makarantun likitanci, ko asibitoci). Wani rukuni na masana ilimin halayyar dan adam yana aiki a cikin masana'antu da saitunan kungiya. Duk da haka wasu suna da hannu a cikin ayyukan ci gaban ɗan adam, tsufa, wasanni, lafiya, kimiyyar bincike, ilimi, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai. == Asalin kalmar da ma'anoninta == [[File:روانشناسی رشد کودک - دختر بچه Developmental psychology 08.jpg|thumb|halayyar dan Adam ]] Kalmar psychology ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Helenanci <nowiki><i id="mwXQ">psyche</i></nowiki>, ruhu ko ruhu. Bangaren ƙarshen kalmar "psychology" ya samo asali daga -λογία[[wiktionary:-logia|''-logia'']], wanda ke nufin "karatu" ko "bincike". Kalmar [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''psychologia'' ta fara amfani da ɗan adam ɗan [[Kroatiya|Croatian]] kuma ɗan Latin Marko Marulić a cikin littafinsa, ''Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae'' (''Psychology, on the Nature of the Human Soul'') a ƙarshen karni na 15 ko farkon karni na 16. Maganar farko da aka sani game da kalmar ''ilimin halin'' dan adam a Turanci shine Steven Blankaart a cikin shekarar 1694 a cikin ''Kamus na zahiri.'' Kamus na nufin "Anatomy, wanda ke bi da Jiki, da Psychology, wanda ke bi da Rai." A cikin shekarar 1890, William James ya bayyana ''ilimin halin'' dan Adam a matsayin "kimiyyar rayuwar tunani, duka abubuwan mamaki da yanayin su." {{R|James 1890|pages=|quote=}} Wannan ma'anar ta ji daɗin yaɗu tsawon shekaru da yawa. Duk da haka, an yi hamayya da wannan ma'anar, musamman ta masu halin kirki irin su John B. Watson, wanda a cikin shekarar 1913 ya tabbatar da cewa horo shine "kimiyya ta halitta", makasudin ka'idar wanda "shine tsinkaya da sarrafa hali." <ref name="Watson1913">{{Cite journal|last6=John B. Watson|url-status=158–177}}</ref> Tunda James ya ayyana “ilimin tunani”, kalmar tana da ƙarfi sosai akan gwajin kimiyya. <ref name="Watson1913" /> Ilimin halayyar jama'a yana nufin 'talakawa na gama gari, kamar yadda aka bambanta da ƙwararrun tunani', fahimtar yanayin tunani da halayen mutane. === Farkon ilimin halin dan adam na gwaji === [[File:Wundt-research-group.jpg|right|thumb| Wilhelm Wundt (zaune) tare da abokan aiki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na tunani, irinsa na farko.]] Masanin falsafa John Stuart Mill ya yi imanin cewa tunanin ɗan adam a buɗe yake ga binciken kimiyya, ko da kuwa kimiyyar ta wasu hanyoyi ba ta dace ba. Mill ya ba da shawarar " [[Kimiyya|Chemistry]] na hankali" wanda tunanin farko zai iya haɗuwa cikin ra'ayoyin mafi girma. Gustav Fechner ya fara gudanar da binciken ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a [[Leipzig]] a cikin 1830s. Ya fayyace ƙa'idar cewa fahimtar ɗan adam game da abin motsa rai yana bambanta logarithm gwargwadon ƙarfinsa. {{R|Leahey 2001}} Ka'idar ta zama sananne da dokar Weber-Fechner. ''Abubuwan Fechner na 1860 na Psychophysics'' sun ƙalubalanci ra'ayin Kant mara kyau game da gudanar da bincike mai ƙima akan hankali.<ref>Fechner, G. T. (1860). Elemente der Psychophysik. Breitkopf u. Härtel. (Elements of Psychophysics)</ref><ref name="Horst">Horst U.K. Gundlach, "Germany", in Baker (ed.), ''Oxford Handbook of the History of Psychology'' (2012).</ref> Nasarar Fechner ita ce ta nuna cewa "hanyoyin tunani ba za a iya ba da girman adadi kawai ba, amma kuma ana iya auna waɗannan ta hanyoyin gwaji." A cikin Heidelberg, Hermann von Helmholtz ya gudanar da bincike guda ɗaya a kan tsinkayen hankali, da kuma horar da masanin ilimin lissafi Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt, ya zo Jami'ar Leipzig, inda ya kafa dakin gwaje-gwaje na tunani wanda ya kawo ilimin halin gwaji a duniya. Wundt ya mai da hankali kan tarwatsa hanyoyin tunani zuwa mafi mahimmancin sassa na asali, wanda aka kwadaitar a wani bangare ta kwatankwacin ci gaban da aka samu a cikin ilmin sunadarai, da nasarar bincikensa na abubuwa da tsarin kayan. Paul Flechsig da Emil Kraepelin ba da daɗewa ba suka ƙirƙiri wani dakin gwaje-gwaje mai tasiri a Leipzig, ɗakin binciken da ke da alaƙa da tunani, wanda ya fi mai da hankali kan gwajin tabin hankali. == Manazarta == nen7pk6fs0rg3zft3ojjs4lyos6i3e7 0 41395 890420 639979 2026-08-02T06:05:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Elephant_and_tourists_at_Ngorongoro_Crater.jpg|thumb| Masu yawon buɗe ido suna kallon giwa a cikin ramin Ngorongoro.]] '''Tanzaniya''' ƙasa ce mai yawan wuraren yawon bude ido. Kusan kashi 38 cikin ɗari na ƙasar Tanzaniya an keɓe shi a wuraren da aka warewa don kiyayewa. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 "The Impact of Dominant Environmental Policies on Indigenous Peoples in Africa", authored by Soyata Tegegn, in ''Indigenous People in Africa: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights'', edited by Ridwan Laher and Korir SingíOei, Africa Institute of South Africa, 2014, page 57, retrieved 16 October 2014]</ref> Akwai wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda 17, wuraren wasanni 29, wuraren kiyayewa 40 (ciki har da Yankin Kare Ngorongoro ) da wuraren shaƙatawa na ruwa. [[Tanzaniya]] kuma gida ne ga tsaunin Kilimanjaro, wuri mafi girma a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=100175}}</ref> Balaguro da yawon buɗe ido sun ba da gudummawar kashi 17.5 cikin 100 na yawan kayayyakin cikin gida na Tanzaniya a shekarar 2016. kuma sun dauki kashi 11.0 na ma'aikatan kasar (ayyukan yi 1,189,300) a shekarar 2013. <ref name="Knoema">[http://knoema.com/WTTC2013/world-travel-and-tourism-council-data-2013 World Tourism and Travel Council Data, 2013, retrieved 28 October 2014]</ref> Sashin yana haɓaka cikin sauri, yana tashi daga dalar Amurka biliyan 1.74 a 2004 zuwa dala biliyan 4.48 a 2013. <ref name="Knoema" /> A cikin shekarar 2016, masu yawon bude ido 1,284,279 sun isa kan iyakokin Tanzaniya, idan aka kwatanta da 590,000 a 2005. A cikin 2019, sashin yawon shaƙatawa na Tanzaniya ya samar da dalar Amurka biliyan 2.6 a cikin kuɗaɗen shiga tare da masu zuwa yawon buɗe ido miliyan 1.5 . A cikin 2020, saboda Covid-19, karɓar tafiye-tafiye ya ragu. $ 1.06&nbsp;biliyan kuma adadin masu zuwa yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa ya ragu zuwa 616,491. A cikin Oktoba 2021, Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa da Yawon shaƙatawa na Tanzaniya an ba da izinin TSh. 90&nbsp;biliyan/= na shekarar kudi ta 2021-2022, wani bangare na lamuni na IMF don taimakon kudi na gaggawa don tallafawa kokarin Tanzaniya na mayar da martani ga cutar ta Covid-19. == Abubuwan jan hankali a yawon buɗe ido == === wuraren shaƙatawa na ƙasa === [[File:Lake_manyara_2012_authorBevanda_Wegmann1.JPG|thumb|300x300px| Dorunar ruwa a cikin Lake Manyara National Park a cikin shekara ta 2012.]] Tanzaniya tana da kusan kashi 38% na ƙasarta da aka tanada a matsayin wuraren kariya, ɗaya daga cikin kaso mafi girma a duniya. Tanzaniya tana da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda 16 kuma gida ce ga rayuwar dabbobi iri-iri. Daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun hada da Manyan biyar, cheetahs, wildebeest, raƙuman ruwa, hippopotamuses da tururuwa iri- iri . Shahararrun wuraren shakatawa na namun daji na Tanzaniya suna cikin yankin arewacin kasar kuma sun hada da dajin Serengeti, dajin kasa na Tarangi da dajin Lake Manyara . Gidan shakatawa na Serengeti ya ƙunshi manyan ƙaura na dabbobi da suka shahara a duniya. Gidan shakatawa na Serengeti shine wurin shakatawa mafi shahara a ƙasar kuma yana da damar karbar baƙi fiye da 330,000 a cikin 2012. A cikin 2018, Serengeti National Park an zabe shi mafi kyawun shakatawa na Safari na Afirka biyo bayan zurfin binciken da SafariBookings ya yi mafi girman kasuwan kan layi don safaris na Afirka. A cikin gidan yanar gizon su, an karanta, ''Gabaɗaya 2,530 reviews an bincika daga gidan yanar gizon SafariBookings.'' ''Masu yawon bude ido na safari daga kasashe 72 ne suka ba da gudummawar bitar masu amfani 1,670.'' ''Don cika waɗannan sake dubawa na mai amfani, mashahuran marubutan jagora (masu aiki don Lonely Planet, Rough Guides, Frommer's, Bradt da Footprint) sun haɗu a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun SafariBookings don rubuta sharhin ƙwararrun 860'' Arewa kuma gida ce ga yankin Ngorongoro Conservation Area . Wurin kiyayewa na Ngorongoro ya haɗa da kogin Ngorongoro, wanda ke da tsattsauran ra'ayi mai aman wuta tare da [[Zaki|zakuna]], hippopotamus, [[Giwa|giwaye]], nau'ikan tururuwa iri-iri, [[Karkanda|baƙarƙar karkanda]] da ke cikin haɗari, da manyan garken daji na daji da [[zebra]] . Olduvai Gorge, wanda ake yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wurin zama na bil'adama bayan da aka gano sanannun samfuran halittar ɗan adam, Homo habilis da farkon hominidae, irin su Paranthropus boisei su ma suna cikin yankin kiyayewa. Yammacin Tanzaniya ya haɗa da wuraren shakatawa na Mahale, Katavi, da Gombe, wanda ƙarshensa shine wurin da Jane Goodall ke ci gaba da nazarin halayen chimpanzee, wanda aka fara a 1960. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?output=html_text&id=icMuBQhW4vgC&jtp=138 ''Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves'', authored by Laura Riley and William Riley, Princeton University Press, 2005, page 138, retrieved 16 October 2014]</ref> Har ila yau, ƙasar tana da wadata musamman a cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire, Hukumar kula da gandun daji ta Tanzaniya tana da cikakken wurin shakatawa na kasa dajin Kitulo da aka keɓe don furanni. Akwai nau'ikan biomass iri-iri a duk faɗin ƙasar. === Dutsen Kilimanjaro === [[File:Mount_Kilimanjaro_Dec_2009_edit1.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Duban iska na Dutsen Kilimanjaro a cikin shekara ta 2009.]] Dutsen Kilimanjaro wanda kuma aka fi sani da rufin Afirka, wurin tarihi ne na UNESCO kuma mafi kololuwa a Afirka. Dutsen (yanzu dutsen mai aman wuta) ya tashi kusan mita 4,877 (16,001)&nbsp;ft) daga tushe zuwa mita 5,895 (19,341&nbsp;ft) sama da matakin teku. Dutsen yana arewacin kasar a kan iyaka da [[Kenya]] a cikin garin Moshi kuma ana samunsa ta filin jirgin sama na Kilimanjaro . Har ila yau, filin jirgin yana ba da ƙofa ga masu yawon bude ido zuwa duk da'irar safari na arewa. Dutsen wani yanki ne na Kilimanjaro National Park kuma shi ne wurin shakatawa na biyu mafi shahara a kasar kuma kusan maziyarta 20,000 ne ke tafiya dutsen kowace shekara. Dutsen yana daya daga cikin mafi girman kololuwa a duniya kuma yana da matsakaicin nasara kusan kashi 65%. === Zanzibar === === Wuraren Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO === Tanzaniya gida ce ga wuraren tarihi na UNESCO guda bakwai tare da 6 daga cikinsu a babban yankin da 1 a [[Zanzibar]] . A halin yanzu akwai wasu wurare guda 5 da za a tantance kamar su dajin Gombe da kuma hanyar cinikin bayi a gabashin Afirka . {{Location map+|Tanzania|}} == Tsarin Visa == [[File:Visa policy of Tanzania.svg|thumb|300x300px| Manufar Visa na [[Tanzaniya]]]] Yawancin masu ziyara zuwa [[Tanzaniya]] dole ne su sami biza daga ɗaya daga cikin ofisoshin diflomasiyyar Tanzaniya. Koyaya, yawancin ƙasashe na iya samun bizar baƙo a kowace tashar shiga ta ƙasa ko iska. Yawancin 'yan SADC ko jama'ar Gabashin Afirka ba sa buƙatar biza don dalilai na yawon buɗe ido. Ana samun bizar yawon buɗe ido na wata 3 akan dalar Amurka 50 a duk tashoshin shiga (sai dai mazauna Amurka dole ne su sayi takardar shiga ta dalar Amurka $100 na shekara 1). Tanzaniya ba ta shiga ƙarƙashin tsarin Visa na yawon buɗe ido na Gabashin Afirka kuma ana buƙatar biza ta daban don shiga Tanzaniya. Duk masu ziyara dole ne su riƙe fasfo mai aiki na tsawon watanni 6 (bisa ga sashin shige da fice na Tanzaniya) ko wata ɗaya bayan lokacin da aka yi niyya (bisa ga IATA). == Ƙididdiga == [[File:Arrival_Entrance_from_the_airfield_to_Kilimanjaro_International_Airport.jpg|thumb|330x330px| Filin Jirgin Sama na Kilimanjaro: Filin jirgin sama mafi girma a arewa don shiga wuraren shakatawa na arewa.]] A cikin 2014 jimlar masu yawon bude ido 1,093,000 sun ziyarci Tanzaniya a ci gaba da karuwar masu ziyara a shekara. Idan aka kwatanta da girma da yuwuwar Tanzaniya tana da mafi ƙarancin adadin masu yawon buɗe ido na biyu sama da [[Burundi]] kawai. Kusan kashi 50% na masu yawon bude ido sun fito ne daga [[Afirka]] kuma adadin yana karuwa saboda karuwar hadewar yankin da ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa. Ko da yake masana'antar tana ci gaba da haɓaka koma bayan tattalin arziki na baya-bayan nan kuma fargabar cutar Ebola ta 2014 ta cutar da masana'antar sosai. === Masu zuwa yawon buɗe ido na shekara === {| class="wikitable" style="; margin:10px" ! colspan="4" align="right" style="background:#cfc;" |Masu isa kasashen waje (2000-2016) |- ! Shekara ! Masu shigowa kasashen waje ! Shekara ! Masu shigowa kasashen waje |- align="center" | 2000 | 501,669 | 2009 | 714,367 |- align="center" | 2001 | 525,122 | 2010 | 754,000 |- align="center" | 2002 | 575,296 | 2011 | 843,000 |- align="center" | 2003 | 576,198 | 2012 | 1,043,000 |- align="center" | 2004 | 582,807 | 2013 | 1,063,000 |- align="center" | 2005 | 612,754 | 2014 | 1,093,000 |- align="center" | 2006 | 644,124 | 2015 | 1,137,182 |- align="center" | 2007 | 719,031 | 2016 | 1,284,279 |- |- align="center" | 2008 | 770,376 | 2017 | 1,327,143 |} === Masu zuwa ta ƙasa === Most visitors arriving to Tanzania were from the following countries of nationality:<ref>[http://www.nbs.go.tz Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. Publications. Hotel and Tourism Statistics]</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" !Country/Territory !2021<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/na/High_Frequency_Data_end_December_2021.xls "High Frequency Data end December 2021"]. ''National Bureau of Statistics''.</cite></ref> !2019<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.bot.go.tz/Publications/Other/Tanzania%20Tourism%20Sector%20Survey%20Report/en/2021092916530879.pdf "The 2019 International Visitors Exit Survey Report"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Bank of Tanzania''.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: url-status ([[:Category:CS1 maint: url-status|link]])</span></ref> !2018<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.bot.go.tz/Publications/Other/Tanzania%20Tourism%20Sector%20Survey%20Report/en/2021092916522505.pdf "The 2018 International Visitors Exit Survey Report"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Bank of Tanzania''.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: url-status ([[:Category:CS1 maint: url-status|link]])</span></ref> !2017<ref name="2017_Exit"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.bot.go.tz/Publications/TTSS/TTSS-2017.pdf "Tanzania Tourist Board Visitors Exit Survey 2017"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014212028/https://www.bot.go.tz/Publications/TTSS/TTSS-2017.pdf |date=2019-10-14 }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Bank of Tanzania''. NBS Tanzania.</cite></ref> !2016<ref name="iex2016"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/trade/The2016_International%20_Visitors'_Exit_Survey_Report.pdf "The 2016 International Visitors' Exit Survey Report. International Tourist Arrivals. p. 73-77"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''nbs.go.tz/''. NBS Tanzania<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> !2015<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation news cs1">[http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/trade/The2015_International%20_Visitors'_Exit_Survey_Report.pdf "The 2015 International visitors' Exit Survey Report. International Tourist Arrivals. p.63-68"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NBS Tanzania<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> !2014 !2013 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Kenya]] |89,842 |128,287 |126,479 |230,922 |233,730 |197,562 |188,214 |193,078 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Russia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Russia]] |77,422 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Burundi.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Burundi]] |75,507 |32,070 |37,643 |66,357 |63,530 |48,210 |51,553 |34,873 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[France]] |51,647 |94,688 |54,205 |34,505 |24,611 |28,683 |33,585 |33,335 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[United States]] |48,537 |218,394 |234,890 |82,283 |86,860 |66,394 |80,489 |69,671 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Malawi]] |41,906 |3,818 |4,668 |29,197 |19,246 |15,807 |18,242 |18,197 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Poland.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Poland]] |38,860 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Rwanda]] |34,929 |7,025 |8,733 |50,431 |47,056 |45,216 |50,038 |46,637 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[South Africa]] |29,690 |58,035 |67,757 |47,777 |43,468 |30,288 |26,614 |31,144 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=|alt=|border|20x20px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] |29,031 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_India.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[India]] |28,431 |21,687 |31,921 |38,487 |69,876 |32,608 |27,327 |27,334 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Zambia]] |28,076 |35,126 |34,631 |22,561 |28,836 |32,694 |36,679 |64,825 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Germany.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Germany]] |25,081 |82,470 |81,308 |58,394 |57,643 |52,236 |47,262 |53,951 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Uganda]] |23,855 |30,545 |48,182 |37,160 |37,870 |37,253 |36,420 |39,488 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Ukraine]] |20,736 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[United Kingdom]] |18,276 |122,178 |114,433 |61,048 |67,742 |54,599 |70,379 |59,279 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Zimbabwe]] |16,791 |31,308 |33,878 |26,543 |22,148 |30,533 |36,497 |30,765 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Spain.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Spain]] |13,150 |70,253 |36,137 |14,599 |15,411 |11,940 |9,121 |13,149 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Netherlands]] |9,634 |83,998 |42,160 |26,542 |24,197 |20,150 |23,710 |20,633 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[China]] |9,351 |36,654 |45,171 |29,197 |34,472 |25,444 |21,246 |17,001 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Italy.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Italy]] |7,013 |99,270 |58,722 |51,758 |50,715 |53,742 |49,518 |57,372 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Israel.svg|link=|alt=|border|21x21px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Israel]] |6,303 |9,163 |6,173 |37,160 |22,967 |14,754 |7,403 |5,344 |- |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Australia]] |1,825 |29,017 |28,458 |15,926 |15,411 |15,807 |15,962 |17,336 |- |Total |922,692 |1,527,230 |1,505,702 |1,327,143 |1,284,279 |1,137,182 |1,140,156 |1,095,885 |} == Duba kuma == * Ma'aikatar Albarkatun ƙasa da yawon bude ido * Manufar Visa na Tanzaniya == Nassoshi == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == ; Ma'aikatu da hukumomin gwamnati * [http://www.mnrt.go.tz/ Ma'aikatar Albarkatun ƙasa da yawon bude ido]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.ngorongorocrater.org Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority] * [http://www.tanzaniatouristboard.com/ Hukumar yawon bude ido Tanzaniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113233655/http://www.tanzaniatouristboard.com/ |date=2010-01-13 }} * [http://www.tanzaniaculturaltourism.com/ Shirin Al'adu na Tanzaniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228164751/http://www.tanzaniaculturaltourism.com/ |date=2010-02-28 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060810164614/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ Tanzaniya National Parks] * [https://www.nyangeadventures.com/mount-meru/ Tanzaniya Dutsen Meru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129100532/https://www.nyangeadventures.com/mount-meru/ |date=2023-01-29 }} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5qs68elv8r9477hz5h0mel3tzz11p9p 0 42964 890554 867746 2026-08-02T11:34:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta [[Togo]]''' (Faransa: Équipe nationale de football du Togo) tana wakiltar Togo a kwallon kafa ta kasa da kasa kuma Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Togo ce ke sarrafa ta. ''[[Hukumar kwallon kafa ta Togo|Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Togo]]'' ta fara buga gasar cin [[FIFA]]_World_Cup" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="FIFA World Cup">Kofin Duniya na FIFA a shekara ta 2006. Bas din tawagar su ya fuskanci [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Togo|mummunan hari]] a [[Angola]] kafin gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]] na 2010. Sun janye kuma daga baya aka dakatar da su daga wasanni biyu masu zuwa ta Confederation of African Football (CAF). A shekarar 2013 a karo na farko a tarihi, Togo ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka. Kungiyar tana wakiltar FIFA da Confederation of African Football (CAF). == Tarihi == Sun fara fitowa a gasar cin [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|Kofin Duniya na FIFA]] a tarihin su a shekara ta 2006, bayan da [[Stephen Keshi]] ya horar da su a duk lokacin da suka cancanta; Kocin Jamus Otto Pfister ya jagoranci tawagar a wasan karshe, duk da cewa sun yi murabus kwana uku kafin wasan su na farko a kan takaddamar kariyar 'yan wasa, sai kawai 'yan wasan suka rinjayi su dawo. Kafin samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960, an san kungiyar da sunan Togoland na Faransa. === Kofin Duniya na 2006 === Togo ta rasa wasan farko na gasar cin kofin duniya, duk da cewa ta jagoranci Koriya ta Kudu ta hanyar burin da [[Mohamed Kader]] ya ci. A rabi na biyu, an kori [[Jean-Paul Abalo]] bayan minti 55, kuma kwallaye daga Lee Chun-Soo da Ahn Jung-Hwan sun tabbatar da shan kashi 2-1 ga Togo. Abokan hamayyar Togo na gaba a rukuni na G sun kasance Switzerland, tare da wasan da aka shirya don yammacin 19 ga Yuro. Koyaya, ƙungiyar Togo da manajan Pfister sun yi barazanar ƙin cika aikin kuma su ɗauki matakin yajin aiki. An nakalto tawagar da manajan suna neman biyan kuɗi daga Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Togo don shiga gasar kusan € 155,000 (US $ 192,000) tare da ƙarin kari don nasarori ko zanawa. [[FIFA]] ta tattauna da tawagar da manajan a ranar 17 ga Yuni, ta shawo kansu su yi tafiya zuwa [[Dortmund]] a kan lokaci don cika wasan; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sky Sports &#124; Football News |url=http://home.skysports.com/worldcup/article.aspx?hlid=396042&CPID=4&clid=1223&lid=13&title=Togo+strike+averted |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125020203/http://home.skysports.com/worldcup/article.aspx?HLID=396042 |archive-date=2007-01-25 |access-date=2010-02-04 |publisher=Home.skysports.com}}</ref> burin da Alexander Frei da Tranquillo Barnetta suka yi ya haifar da shan kashi 2-0. FIFA daga baya ta sanya tarar CHF,000 a kan tarar Togolese saboda "halayyar da ba ta dace da mai shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ba". Wasan karshe na rukuni na Togo da Faransa ya ƙare a cikin shan kashi 2-0. === Bala'in jirgin sama na Saliyo === Bayan gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2008 zuwa Saliyo a ranar 3 ga Yuni 2007, an kashe mambobi 20 na tawagar jami'an wasanni daga [[Togo]], ciki har da Ministan Wasanni na Togo Richard Attipoe, lokacin da jirginsu ya fashe kuma ya fadi a Filin jirgin saman Lungi. Babu 'yan wasan tawagar kasar Togo da suka mutu. 'Yan wasan Togo da jami'an kungiyar suna jiran daukar jirgin Helikofta na gaba zuwa tsibirin da filin jirgin sama yake. === Kwango da haramtacciyar motar bas ta 2010 === A ranar 8 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2010, 'yan bindiga sun kai hari kan bas din tawagar Togo yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2010, inda ya kashe uku kuma ya jikkata wasu da yawa. Kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda]] (FLEC) ta dauki alhakin harin. An ruwaito mai tsaron gida Kodjovi Obilalé ya mutu kwana daya bayan harin, kodayake a zahiri ya tsira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-09 |title=African Cup of Nations&nbsp;— NoConfusion over Togo death toll |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/10012010/58/african-cup-nations-noconfusion-togo-death-toll.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112092636/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/10012010/58/african-cup-nations-noconfusion-togo-death-toll.html |archive-date=2010-01-12 |access-date=2010-02-01 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Irin waɗannan rahotanni daga baya kulob dinsa GSI Pontivy ya kore su a cikin sanarwar manema labarai, yana mai cewa dan wasan yana fuskantar tiyata a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kodjovi Obilalé n'est pas décédé des suites de ses blessures (Agence AFP) |url=https://www.pontivy-football-gsi.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222032718/http://www.pontivy-football-gsi.com/ |archive-date=2007-02-22 |access-date=2010-02-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan harin bas din, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Togo ta bayyana cewa za su janye daga gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2010; duk da ikirarin cewa kungiyar ta sauya shawarar kuma za ta yi gasa "don nuna launuka na kasa, dabi'unmu da kuma cewa mu maza ne" (kamar yadda Thomas Dossevi ya sanar), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nick Reeves |date=2010-01-10 |title=Togo in dramatic African Nations Cup u-turn |url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/togo-in-dramatic-african-nations-cup-uturn-20100110-m0fu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119125213/http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/togo-in-dramatic-african-nations-cup-uturn-20100110-m0fu.html |archive-date=2011-11-19 |access-date=2010-02-01 |website=Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> daga baya gwamnati ta ba da umarnin cewa tawagar ta koma gida. Bayan janyewar tawagar, The Confederation of African Football (CAF) ta haramta Togo daga shiga cikin wasanni biyu na gaba na Kofin Kasashe kuma ta ci su tarar US $ 50,000 saboda "shirin da hukumomin siyasa suka dauka". <ref name="Togo suspended for next two Africa Nations Cup">{{Cite web |title=Togo suspended for next two Africa Nations Cup |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/sports/2010-01/31/c_13157462.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609161553/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/sports/2010-01/31/c_13157462.htm |archive-date=June 9, 2011 |access-date=31 January 2010 |publisher=Xinhua}}</ref> Kwamitin zartarwa na CAF ya yi la'akari da cewa tawagar Togo ta kasance a cikin "bayyanar da aka yi watsi da kasa da kwanaki ashirin kafin farawa ko a lokacin gasar ta karshe" (Art. 78 na Dokokin Kofin Kasashen Afirka), <ref name="CAF announcement" /> maimakon janyewa (Art. 80), kuma sun ki la'akari le yanayin a matsayin ''Babban karfi'' (Art. 87). Gwamnatin Togo nan da nan ta ce za su kai karar saboda CAF "ba ta da la'akari da rayuwar wasu mutane" kuma wannan ya kara "yi wa dangin wadanda suka rasa rayukansu da wadanda suka ji rauni saboda harin".<ref name="Togo banned from next two Africa Cups of Nations" /> [[FIFA]] har yanzu ba ta yi sharhi game da batun ba.<ref name="Togo banned from next two Africa Cups of Nations" /> Dan wasan kwallon kafa na Togo Thomas Dossevi ya ce, "Mu rukuni ne na 'yan wasan kwallon kafa da suka zo a karkashin wuta kuma yanzu ba za mu iya buga kwallon kafa ba. " Suna murkushe mu".<ref name="Togo banned from next two Africa Cups of Nations" /> Kyaftin din Togo [[Emmanuel Adebayor]] ya bayyana shawarar a matsayin "abin kunya" kuma ya ce Shugaban CAF [[Isa Hayatou|Issa Hayatou]] ya "yi cin amanar" tawagar Togo. FIFA daga baya ta taimaka wajen ɗaga haramcin su gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-05-08 |title=FIFA boss helps lift African Cup ban on Togo |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20100508-fifa-sepp-blatter-lifts-african-nations-cup-ban-togo |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru, Emmanuel Adebayor ya sanar da ritayar sa daga kwallon kafa ta kasa da kasa a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 2010. Amma a ranar 22 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, Adebayor ya sanar da cewa ya sake kasancewa ga tawagar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adebayor returns for Togo |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/adebayor-returns-for-togo-1573631 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Ƙungiyar Togo ta Ƙarya === A ranar 7 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2010, an yi zargin cewa Togo ta buga wa Bahrain wasa a wasan sada zumunci da ta ci 3-0. Koyaya, a ranar 14 ga Satumba, Togo FA ta yi iƙirarin cewa ƙungiyar karya ta yi wasa da Bahrain. Ministan Wasanni na Togo Christophe Tchao ya ce wa mujallar Jeune Afrique cewa babu wanda a Togo "an taɓa sanar da shi game da irin wannan wasan". A ranar 20 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2010, an bayyana cewa tsohon kocin Togo Bana Tchanilé ne ya aikata laifin kuma Togo FA ta ba shi haramtacciyar shekara uku ban da haramtacciya ta shekaru biyu da ya samu a watan Yulin shekara ta 2010 don ɗaukar 'yan wasan Togo don yin gasa a Masar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2010 |title=Fake mastermind behind fake Togo team revealed! |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/blog/dirty-tackle/post/Fake-mastermind-behind-fake-Togo-team-revealed-?urn=sow-271032 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926003305/http://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/blog/dirty-tackle/post/Fake-mastermind-behind-fake-Togo-team-revealed-?urn=sow-271032 |archive-date=26 September 2010 |publisher=Yahoo}}</ref> An haɗa gyaran wasan da Wilson Raj Perumal da ƙungiyar gyaran wasan [[Singafora|Singaporean]] da ake zargin Tan Seet Eng ne ke gudanarwa.<ref name="Indepenent">{{Cite web |last=Buncombe, Andrew |date=29 March 2013 |title=Dan Tan: the man who fixed football |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/dan-tan-the-man-who-fixed-football-8554751.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/dan-tan-the-man-who-fixed-football-8554751.html |archive-date=2022-06-21 |access-date=30 November 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> === cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2014 === Togo ta fara samun cancanta a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2014 a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2011, a kan Guinea-Bissau . Sun zana a matakin farko 1-1. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2011, sun lashe wasan dawowa 1-0. A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2012, sun buga wa Libya wasa a Lome kuma sun ci 1-1. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Yuni sun buga wasan Congo DR a Kinshasa kuma sun rasa 2-0. Sun ci gaba a ranar 3 ga Maris 2013, kuma sun buga Kamaru a Yaounde kuma sun rasa 2-1. Sun sake haduwa a ranar 9 ga Yuni a Lome kuma Togo ta ci 2-0. A ƙarshe, Togo ta kasa samun cancanta ga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2014 a Brazil. == Sakamakon da kayan aiki == Wadannan sune jerin sakamakon wasan a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata, da kuma duk wani wasannin da aka shirya a nan gaba.{{Football box collapsible}}{{Football box collapsible}} == 'Yan wasa == === Kungiyar yanzu === An zaɓi 'yan wasa masu zuwa don wasannin sada zumunci da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Guinea|Guinea]] da Nijar a ranar 27 da 31 ga Maris 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2026 |title=Fenêtre internationale FIFA {{!}} Matchs amicaux : La liste des Éperviers pour affronter la Guinée et le Niger |trans-title=FIFA International Window {{!}} Friendly Matches: The Éperviers' roster for the matches against Guinea and Niger |url=https://www.ftftogo.com/fenetre-internationale-fifa-matchs-amicaux-la-liste-des-eperviers-pour-affronter-la-guinee-et-le-niger/ |publisher=[[Togolese Football Federation]] |language=fr}}</ref> ''Caps da burin daidai ne a ranar 31 ga Maris 2026, bayan wasan da aka yi da Nijar.'' === Kira na baya-bayan nan === An kira 'yan wasa masu zuwa zuwa zuwa Togo a cikin watanni goma sha biyu da suka gabata. == Rubuce-rubuce == {{Updated|13 October 2025}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mamrud |first1=Roberto |title=Togo - Record International Players |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/togo-recintlp.html |website=RSSSF |access-date=2023-02-02 |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204162813/https://rsssf.org/miscellaneous/togo-recintlp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> :''Players in '''bold''' are still active with Togo.'' === Yawancin bayyanar === [[Fayil:Adebayor.jpg|right|thumb|219x219px|[[Emmanuel Adebayor]] shine babban mai zira kwallaye a Togo tare da kwallaye 32.]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 42o0qcbwb7yf3ndvsn1h59p4my6as99 0 48232 890245 818730 2026-08-01T18:27:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Malawi|Malawi]] na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba a duniya kuma tana matsayi na 170 cikin ƙasashe 187 bisa ga ƙididdigar ci gaban bil'adama ta shekarar 2010. <ref name="Number52">UNDP. 2013. ''Human Development Report 2013. The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World''. New York. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-report-2013</ref> Tana da kusan mutane miliyan 16, 53% na waɗanda ke rayuwa ƙarƙashin layin talauci na ƙasa, kuma 90% waɗanda ke rayuwa a ƙasa da dala 2 kowace rana. [[UNICEF|Asusun kula da yara na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] (UNI CEF) ya ƙiyasta cewa akwai yara 46,000 da ke fama da matsananciyar [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]] . A cikin shekarar 2002, an yi yunwa sosai a [[Malawi]] tare da ƙiyasin mutuwar daga 300 zuwa 3,000, a cewar ActionAid . Kashi 85 na tushen samun kuɗin shiga na Malawi yana fitowa ne daga noma, alkama da dankalin turawa su ne farkon amfanin gona da ake nomawa. Don haka, lokacin da IMF ta bayar da rahoton cewa noman [[masara]] na shekarar 2000/2001 ya ragu daga miliyan 2.5 zuwa metric ton miliyan 1.7, abin da ya kuma haifar da gibin ƙasa na metric ton 273,000, yawancin abin ya shafa. <ref name="Number12">"Malawi—The Food Crises, the Strategic Grain Reserve, and the IMF." July 2002. International Monetary Fund. Washington, DC: IMF.</ref> A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2002, gwamnatin Malawi ta ba da sanarwar cewa an sami matsalar abinci ta gaggawa kuma ƙasar tana cikin wani yanayi na bala’i. <ref name="Number12" /> Girbin girbi a ƙarshen rabin shekarar 2002 ya rage munin yunwar, amma a cikin shekarar 2005, fari ya haifar da matsalar abinci . A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 2005, gwamnati, karkashin jagorancin shugaba Bingu wa Mutharika, ta ayyana bala'i na kasa . Tun daga lokacin da Malawi ta murmure daga rikicin na shekarar 2005, amma a halin yanzu tana fuskantar sabon karancin abinci . <ref name="Number20">{{Cite book|edition=Fuzhi}}</ref> [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa ] An sami rikice-rikicen abinci da suka biyo baya a cikin shekarar 2012 da shekarar 2015, wanda yawancin abubuwan da suka taimaka zuwa shekarar 2002 har yanzu suna nan, duk da haka matsanancin fari da ambaliya ya tsananta. A shekarar 2012, matsalar abinci ta faru ne saboda ƙarancin ruwan sama wanda ya shafi girbin masara na shekarun da suka haɗa da hauhawar farashin kaya saboda faɗuwar darajar kwacha. Bayan yanayi ya fara inganta a cikin shekarar 2014, shekara ta gaba ta ga matsanancin fari da ambaliyar ruwa. Hakan ya haifar da wani matsalar ƙarancin abinci a shekarar 2015 kuma shugaban Ƙasar ya ayyana dokar ta baci. A yau, ana aiwatar da shirye-shirye da yawa a Malawi don magance rashin zaman lafiya, talauci da rarrabuwar kawuna dangane da tattalin arziki da noma. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=145–160}}</ref> == Tarihi 1970-2010 == Masanan sun gano matsalar ƙarancin abinci da Malawi ta fuskanta a shekarun 1991 da shekarar 1992, lokacin da fari a kudancin Afirka ya yi matukar rage noman masara a Malawi. Farashin masara ya tashi: farashin masara, wanda shi ne kashi 54% na matsakaicin adadin kuzari ga mutanen Malawi, ya kusan ruɓanya tsakanin shekarar 1992 zuwa shekarar 1993. Duk da cewa an samu rarar masara a shekarar 1993 saboda ingantaccen ruwan sama da kuma tallafin irin nau’in masara da takin zamani da gwamnati ta ba su, amma cin abinci bai ƙaru ba saboda yadda mutane ke cin abinci da yadda suke jurewa lokacin yunwa. <ref name="Number3">Hayes, L.M., Minae, S., Bunderson, W.T., Bodnar, F. & Ngugi, D. "The potential of improved fallows on small holder maize productivity on food security in Malawi." 1997. Paper presented at the International Symposium on The Science and Practice of Short-term Fallows. Lilongwe, Malawi.</ref> [[File:ILRI,_Stevie_Mann_-_Household_takes_refuge_from_the_rain_in_central_Malawi.jpg|alt=Flooding in Malawi.|left|thumb| Noman Malawi na fama da bala'o'i kamar ambaliyar ruwa.]] Wata hukumar gwamnati AMARC ce ke kula da saye da sayar da amfanin gona da taki na masu ƙaramin ƙarfi kafin shekarar 1998. <ref name="Number12">"Malawi—The Food Crises, the Strategic Grain Reserve, and the IMF." July 2002. International Monetary Fund. Washington, DC: IMF.</ref> Cin hanci da rashawa da kuma neman hayar a cikin hukumar ne ya sa ta riƙa cin gajiyar ƙananan manoma tare da gurbata farashin hatsi. <ref name="Number12" /> Lokacin da farashin taba ya faɗi a shekara ta 1985, AMARC ta kusan faɗuwa.<ref name="Number32">{{Cite journal |last=Lele |first=Uma |date=1990-09-01 |title=Structural adjustment, agricultural development and the poor: Some lessons from the Malawian experience |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90026-t |journal=World Development |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1207–1219 |doi=10.1016/0305-750x(90)90026-t |issn=0305-750X}}</ref> Domin samun lamuni daga bankin duniya, ADMARC ya zama wani kamfani mai zaman kansa kuma ya kawar da tallafin taki a shekarar 1988/1989. <ref name="Number32" /> Rashin iya samar da taki da iri ga AMARC ga ƙananan manoma shi ma ya taimaka wajen matsalar abinci a shekarar 1992. Tun daga wannan lokacin, fari da ambaliyar ruwa na ci gaba da shafar Malawi. <ref name="Number5">"Climate change and smallholder farmers in Malawi." ActionAid. October 2006. https://www.actionaid.org.uk/sites/default/files/doc_lib/malawi_climate_change_report.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503035203/https://www.actionaid.org.uk/sites/default/files/doc_lib/malawi_climate_change_report.pdf |date=2015-05-03 }}</ref> Tsakanin shekarar 1990 da shekarar 2006, akwai bala'o'i 33 da suka shafi yanayi, haɓaka daga 7 da suka faru tsakanin 1970 da shekarar 1989, bisa ga ActionAid . <ref name="Number5" /> Tattalin arzikin Malawi yana da yawan noma; yawancin mutane suna rayuwa a kan girbin su kuma suna sayar da abin da ya wuce don samun ɗan ƙaramin kuɗi. <ref name="Number6">{{Cite journal|url-status=343–361}}</ref> Yawan adadin da kuma ƙaruwar tsananin fari da ambaliya tun daga shekarar 1990 ya shafi yawancin al'ummar ƙasar - manoma ba su da ikon daidaitawa ko murmurewa daga bala'o'i, wanda hakan ya sa su zama masu rauni ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba, kuma yanayin talauci da yunwa ya kara tsananta. <ref name="Number5" /> Daga farkon shekarun 1970 zuwa 1994, gwamnati ta ba da tallafin noman masara. Lokacin da gwamnati ta dakatar da wannan shirin saboda tsadar da za a iya tallafawa, noman masara ya faɗi kuma farashin ya sake karuwa. <ref name="Number5" /> == Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa == === Siyasa === Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1964, Malawi ta kasance ƙarƙashin shugabancin Hastings Banda . <ref name="Number35">{{Cite web |title=Malawi: History |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/malawi/history |access-date=2014-03-30 |website=Global Edge |language=en-us}}</ref> Ko da yake jama'a na da 'yancin kaɗa kuri'a, Malawi ƙasa ce mai jam'iyya ɗaya, kuma Banda shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar Malawi Congress Party (MCP), jam'iyya daya tilo da ake da ita a lokacin. <ref name="Number35" /> Don haka Banda yana da ikon mulkin kama-karya, kuma an yi ta take hakkin ɗan Adam da dama a lokacin mulkinsa kamar kashe-kashen masu adawa da siyasa. <ref name="Number35" /> Sai a shekarar 1993 lokacin da mutane suka zaɓi jam'iyyu da yawa aka zabi Banda da MCP daga mulki. <ref name="Number35" /> An kafa sabon kundin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1995, wanda ya samar da gwamnati mai zartarwa, majalisar dokoki, da ɓangaren shari'a. <ref name="Number34">{{Citation |title=Malawi |date=2022-05-11 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/ |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-05-15 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143332/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1998, a ƙarƙashin mulkin dimokuraɗiyya na Bakili Muluzi, gwamnati ta kafa Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Ƙasa (NFRA) don sarrafa dabarun adana hatsi a cikin agajin bala'i. Hukumar ta NFRA, hukuma ce mallakar gwamnati tare da kwamitin amintattu da gwamnatin Malawi ta naɗa, kuma tana gudanar da ba wai kawai ajiyar hatsi ta zahiri ba, har ma da kuɗaɗe da shigo da kayayyaki da fitar da kayayyaki da ke tattare da ajiyar.<ref name="Number36">{{Cite web |date=2014-03-03 |title=Adequate Reserves for Malawi |url=http://www.nframw.com/ |website=National Food Reserve Agency}}</ref> Duk da haka, cikin sauri NFRA ta ci bashin 1 biliyan 1 na Malawi kwacha (MK) saboda yawan kuɗin ruwa na 56% wanda ta sayi masara metric ton 165,000, a cewar IMF . <ref name="Number12">"Malawi—The Food Crises, the Strategic Grain Reserve, and the IMF." July 2002. International Monetary Fund. Washington, DC: IMF.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF) ya ba da shawarar cewa gwamnati ta sayar da ajiyar hatsi saboda girbi ya yi yawa a shekara ta shekarar 2000. Da alama ba a yi amfani da irin wannan babban tanadi ba, kuma hatsin da kansa ya ruɓe. Shawarar ta IMF ta kuma zo ne a sakamakon wani bincike na shekarar 2000 da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai ta bukaci a yi wanda ya nuna cewa metric ton 30,000-60,000 na masara ne kawai zai zama wajibi don tallafa wa ƙasar a cikin wani bala'i. <ref name="Number12" /> Kula da irin wannan nau'in masara mai yawa yana da tsada, kuma binciken ya ba da shawarar samar da ingantattun dabarun shigo da kayayyaki a cikin matsalar ƙarancin abinci da ba zato ba tsammani. <ref name="Number12" /> NFRA ta bi shawarar IMF kuma ta sayar da mafi yawan ajiyar ta ga Kenya da Mozambik inda ta rage ajiyar ta daga metric ton 165,000 na masara zuwa 60,000. <ref name="Number12" /> Ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da suka shahara game da musabbabin matsalar ƙarancin abinci, a cewar rahoton ActionAid na shekara ta 2002, shi ne cewa matsalar abinci ta kasance a wani ɓangare sakamakon shawarar da IMF ta bayar na sayar da ajiyar hatsi. <ref name="Number16" /> Koyaya, IMF da ActionAid sun gane cewa hatsin ya tsufa kuma yana da tsada don adanawa, kuma a lokacin, yana da ma'ana don ba da shawarar NFRA don siyarwa. <ref name="Number16" /> A shekara ta 2002, lokacin da yunwa ta fi ƙamari, ajiyar hatsi ya ƙare, kuma gwamnati ba ta da wani ƙarin kayan aiki. Lamarin ya ƙara ta'azzara saboda rashin shiri da gwamnati ta yi na cike ma'adanan ajiyar kamar yadda ake amfani da su. <ref name="Number12">"Malawi—The Food Crises, the Strategic Grain Reserve, and the IMF." July 2002. International Monetary Fund. Washington, DC: IMF.</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ƴan kasuwa masu zaman kansu sun sayi yawancin ajiyar hatsi, kuma suna sake sayar da shi akan farashi mai yawa lokacin da abinci ya yi ƙaranci a shekarar 2001. Gwamnati ta fara shigo da masara daga ƙasashe makwabta da ƙasashen waje, amma masara ta yi tafiyar hawainiya. <ref name="Number12" /> Tun daga cunkoson tituna zuwa manyan motocin da ba su da inganci da cunkoson ababen hawa, akwai matsalolin sufuri iri-iri da ke kawo tsaikon zuwan kayan abinci. Bugu da ƙari, rashin kyakyawar alaka da wasu ƙasashe masu ba da taimako ya sa su yi jinkirin mayar da martani; da yawa sun yi shakkun hannun IMF wajen rage dabarun sarrafa hatsi, wasu kuma sun yi kaffa-kaffa da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati. <ref name="Number16" /> Bugu da ƙari kuma, manufofin da ake da su na yanzu don magance matsalar abinci ba su wadatar ba. Manufofin Malawi na kula da bala'i, da ake kira National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), ba sa la'akari da jinsi da lafiya, kawai noma da muhalli. Yawancin bala'o'i da kula da sauyin yanayi suna faruwa ne a matakin ƙasa, kuma ba duk manufofi da ayyuka ke rugujewa ga al'ummomin gida ba; Shugabannin gundumomi a Nsanje da Salima ba su san cewa NAPA ta wanzu ba lokacin da aka tambaye su a shekarar 2006. <ref name="Number5" /> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> * Shirin Abinci na Duniya (WFP). "Halaye da tasirin farashin abinci na yau da kullun a cikin ƙasashe masu rauni." 2014. The Market Monitor. http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp262781.pdf * Kwamitin Kula da Lalacewar Malawi (MVAC). "Sabuwar Oktoba 2012, Bulletin No. 8 Juzu'i na 2." 2012. Lilongwe: Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Malawi. http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full%20Report_1125.pdf * "Rikicin Abinci na Afirka: Burtaniya ta yi alkawarin E35m ga Malawi da Zimbabwe." Yuli 11, 2013. Labaran BBC. [https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-23276632 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-23276632] * Musa, Madalitso. "Babu masara a ma'ajiyar Admarc ta Malawi." Satumba 30, 2013. Bnl Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20150316233943/http://timesmediamw.com/no-maize-in-malawis-admarc-depots/ * "Tashin Kiwon Lafiya a Malawi." HUKUMAR LAFIYA TA DUNIYA. An dawo da 13 Afrilu 2014. www.who.int/disasters/repo/7958.doc * "Moving Windmills Project," Moving Windmills Project, isa 13 Fabrairu 2014, http://www.movingwindmills.org/ * Kamkwamba, William. "William Kamkwamba: Yaron Da Ya Yi Amfani da Iska | Game da." An shiga 30 Maris 2014. http://williamkamkwamba.typepad.com/about.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508165035/https://williamkamkwamba.typepad.com/about.html |date=2023-05-08 }} * "Matsalar karancin abinci a Malawi." ActAlliance. 20 Yuli 2012. http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Alert%2025_2012_Looming%20food%20crisis_Malawi.pdf == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_28307.html UNICEF: Rikicin abinci a Malawi ya haɗa da HIV/AIDS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212170050/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/malawi_28307.html |date=2018-12-12 }} Archived [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hfawbe64umgtyt5611lzndz3v2uygtc 0 48891 890543 258461 2026-08-02T11:02:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox generic}}{{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar Manoma ta Ƙasar Aljeriya''' ({{Lang-fr|Union Nationale des Paysans Algériens}}, '''UNPA''' a takaice) kungiyar manoma ce a [[Aljeriya]]. An kafa UNPA a cikin shekarar 1973 kuma Ƙungiyar 'Yanci ta Ƙasa (FLN) ta haɗa a hukumance,<ref name="stud" /> UNPA tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin taro na ƙasa shida na lokacin FLN. <ref>Rouadjia, Ahmed. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6zWuj4_Fkk0C Grandeur et décadence de l'Etat algérien]''. Paris: Karthala, 1994. p. 210</ref> Gwamnatin Aljeriya ta dauki matakin kafa UNPA a shekarar 1972. <ref>Lawless, Richard I., and [[Allan Mackay Findlay|Allan M. Findlay]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=K7MOAAAAQAAJ North Africa: Contemporary Politics and Economic Development]''. London: Croom Helm, 1984. p. 29</ref> UNPA tana da babban sarkakiyar kungiya, tana da kungiyoyi masu alaka da gudanarwa a matakin kananan hukumomi da yanki. <ref name="stud">''[http://country-studies.com/algeria/the-national-union-of-algerian-farmers.html The National Union of Algerian Farmers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122172723/https://country-studies.com/algeria/the-national-union-of-algerian-farmers.html |date=2026-01-22 }}''</ref> Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙungiyoyin jama'a na ƙasa na lokacin FLN (irin su UGTA da [[UNJA]]) UNPA ba ta da 'yancin cin gashin kanta saboda yawancin ayyukanta da aka sani tuni Ma'aikatar Noma ta karɓe su. Yawancin filayen noma sun kasance ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Houari Boumediène. Mambobin UNPA sun kasance manoma waɗanda ko dai ba su da filaye kaɗan ko kuma ba su da tarin yawa. Tun da UNPA ba ta da wani gado na ayyukan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kafin kafuwarta da kuma shigar da ita cikin tsarin siyasar babbar jam'iyyar siyasa, UNPA ba ta da fa'ida a siyasance, ba ta da haɗin kai, da rashin tasiri fiye da wasu ƙungiyoyin jama'a na Aljeriya na zamani.<ref name="stud"/> A cikin watan Afrilu 1978, UNPA ta gudanar da taron kasa, gabanin taron jam'iyyar FLN.<ref>Lawless, Richard I., and Allan M. Findlay. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=K7MOAAAAQAAJ North Africa: Contemporary Politics and Economic Development]''. London: Croom Helm, 1984. p. 30</ref> An gudanar da taron UNPA na uku a watan Janairun 1982.<ref>Barakat, Halim Isber. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6jkOAAAAQAAJ Contemporary North Africa: Issues of Development and Integration]''. London: Croom Helm, 1985. p. 124</ref> A karkashin shugabancin Chadli Bendjedid, an yi yunkurin mallakar filaye kuma an watse mallakar wani babban yanki na filaye da aka ware. Wasu sassa sun balle daga UNPA, kuma suka kafa nasu ƙungiyoyi bayan 1988. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun gabatar da buƙatu na gama tattara bayanai.<ref name="stud"/> UNPA, a madadinta, ta ɗauki ra'ayi mara kyau game da mallakar filaye. A cikin shekarar 1995 ta goyi bayan sa hannun jari, amma wannan manufar ta koma baya. Tun daga shekarar 2004, UNPA ta goyi bayan hayar da kuma rangwame na filayen jiha, amma ba sabbin nau'ikan mallakar mallaka ba.<ref>Aghrout, Ahmed, and Mohamed Redha Bougherira. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Iw-N0jtZ_ZcC Algeria in Transition: Reforms and Development Prospects]''. RoutledgeCurzon studies in Middle Eastern politics. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. p. 105</ref> == Manazarta == frbinrrhsmpxu3eei7ompx6wr7smdmm 0 50723 890334 264072 2026-08-01T21:53:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vitafoam Nigeria Plc''' kamfani ne na kera kumfa da ke Legas, Najeriya. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antar kumfa a Najeriya, <ref>White, Liz. "High energy & materials costs hurt Nigeria's foamers: smaller foamers in Nigeria are struggling in a market where all raw materials have to be imported." Urethanes Technology International, June-July 2009, p. 26</ref> yana samar da samfuran polyurethane masu sassauƙa da tsauri. Kamfanin kuma yana da sha'awar Vitafoam [[Ghana]] da Vitafoam [[Saliyo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-partners-nigerian-foam-company/ |title=Vitafoam partners Nigerian foam company - Utech-polyurethane.com |website=Utech-polyurethane.com |language=en-GB |access-date=2018-07-13 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927124849/https://www.utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-partners-nigerian-foam-company |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2011, ta shiga cikin ƙawancen dabarun tare da fafatawa a gasa, Vono Products kafin siyan kamfanin. Siyan samfuran Vono ya haɓaka kason kamfani na kasuwar kayan daki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-behind-nigerian-project-create-eco-friendly-homes-less-eur-17000/ |title=Vitafoam behind Nigerian project to create eco-friendly homes for less than EUR 17,000 - Utech-polyurethane.com |website=Utech-polyurethane.com |language=en-GB |access-date=2018-07-13 |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126084133/https://www.utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-behind-nigerian-project-create-eco-friendly-homes-less-eur-17000 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2000s, kamfanin ya faɗaɗa samar da samfurinsa ta hanyar saka hannun jari a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan barci na zamani waɗanda ƙungiyoyi huɗu na yanzu ke sarrafawa:<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201503200174.html |title=Nigeria: Vitafoam to Expand Product Line |last=Egwuatu |first=Peter |date=2015-03-20 |work=Vanguard (Lagos) |access-date=2018-07-13}}</ref> Vitapur, Vitagreen, Vitavisco da Vitablom.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-nigeria-profits-up-in-2016/ |title=Vitafoam Nigeria profits up in 2016 - Utech-polyurethane.com |website=Utech-polyurethane.com |language=en-GB |access-date=2018-07-13 |archive-date=2019-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018222025/https://www.utech-polyurethane.com/news/vitafoam-nigeria-profits-up-in-2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Vitapaur yana ba da kayan gini na haɗin gwiwa. An kafa kamfanin a cikin 1962 ta British Vita<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/british-vita-plc-history/ |title=History of British Vita plc – FundingUniverse |website=www.fundinguniverse.com |language=en |access-date=2018-07-13}}</ref> a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da mai rarraba GB Ollivant na gida. An fara samar da matashin kumfar latex da [[Katifa|katifu]] a shekarar 1963 a Estate Masana'antu na Ikeja. <ref>"Vitafoam in Nigeria." Financial Times, 12 Nov. 1962, p. 11. The Financial Times Historical Archive, </ref> Ƙarƙashin sababbin dokoki masu tasiri a cikin 1978, British Vita ya rage girmansa daga 50% zuwa 20%. == Nassoshi == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kamfanoni a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kamfanoni]] 6v0ubdtlswzqglzi80b13knw468tn8u 0 51216 890394 845648 2026-08-02T04:09:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}''Rubutun tsutsa''Sauya yanayi wani ɓangare ne na ƙaura daga yanayi, inda wasu al'ummomi masu ƙarancin tattalin arziki ke ƙaura zuwa wurare maimakon gidaje ga al'ummomi masu arziki. Yankunan da wannan lamari ya shafa galibi sune biranen bakin teku, tsibirai, da sauran wurare masu rauni waɗanda ke fuskantar hauhawar matakan teku, mummunan yanayi, da sauran bala'o'i da suka shafi yanayi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Climate gentrification and its effects on vulnerable populations |url=https://seas.umich.edu/news/climate-gentrification-and-its-effects-vulnerable-populations |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=seas.umich.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Asalin da Etymology == Gentrification tsari ne na sauye-sauyen natattalin arziki inda yankunan da ke da Matsayi a zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ke tasowa kuma suna canzawa ta hanyar masu arziki da ke motsawa, suna ƙara farashin rayuwa, kuma a ƙarshe suna fitar da mazauna aji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=Natural disasters, boosted by climate change, displaced millions of people in U.S. in 2022 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/natural-disasters-boosted-climate-change-displaced-millions-americans-rcna69732 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> Yayinda [[Matsalar Yanayi|Rikicin yanayi]] ke ci gaba da kawar da al'ummomi a duniya, an kafa sabon nau'in gentrification da aka sani da gentrification na yanayi.<ref name=":2"/> == Dalilan da suka haifar == Akwai jerin abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga yanayin yanayi a yankuna a duk faɗin duniya. === Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki === A tarihi, yankunan da ke cikin haɗari da ke kusa da teku da rairayin bakin teku sun ware kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kuma saboda haka galibi al'ummomin da suka fi arziki ne ke zaune.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-22 |title=Climate gentrification: why we need to consider social justice in climate change planning |url=https://globalresilience.northeastern.edu/climate-gentrification-why-we-need-to-consider-social-justice-in-climate-change-planning/ |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=Global Resilience Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313154515/https://globalresilience.northeastern.edu/climate-gentrification-why-we-need-to-consider-social-justice-in-climate-change-planning/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, an sauya wannan saboda tsoron canjin yanayi ya sa al'ummomin masu arziki su koma cikin gida. Da farko dai, wannan yaduwar ƙaura na ƙananan ƙungiyoyin samun kuɗi za a iya ba da izini ga yaudarar ƙasa mafi girma wanda birane suka fi fifiko, musamman waɗanda ke kan iyakar. Barazanar da ake yi na bukatar kwashewa daga matsanancin yanayi da hauhawar matakan teku ya tura saka hannun jari na al'umma masu arziki zuwa ƙasa mafi girma, a lokaci guda suna amfani da ƙimar dukiya mai rahusa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=August 27 |last2=Hu |first2=2020 Shelia |date=27 August 2020 |title=What Is Climate Gentrification? |url=https://www.nrdc.org/stories/what-climate-gentrification |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=NRDC |language=en}}</ref> === Gidajen birni === Haɗin birni da saurin haɓaka yawan jama'a a yankunan bakin teku da wuraren da ke da ruwa wanda ke haifar da abubuwan tattalin arziki, al'adu, da muhalli suna ƙara yawan mutanen da ke fuskantar karuwar ambaliyar ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Koning |first=K. |last2=Filatova |first2=T. |year=2020 |title=Repetitive floods intensify outmigration and climate gentrification in coastal cities |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=034008 |bibcode=2020ERL....15c4008D |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ab6668 |s2cid=212868928 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Yayin da iyalai masu samun kudin shiga ke ƙaura daga yankunan bakin teku, batutuwan da ke ɓoye na rikicin yanayi suna tura mutane cikin gida. === Bala'i na Halitta === Ana iya ganin wannan ta hanyar abubuwan bala'i na halitta a duk tarihin, musamman guguwa.<ref name=":0"/> Bala'o'in da suka shafi yanayi a shekarar 2018 kadai sun kori mutane sama da miliyan 1.2.<ref name=":0" /> == Tasirin == === Tasirin Tattalin Arziki === Yanayin yanayi yana haifar da ƙananan al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi suna ɗauke da nauyin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.<ref name=":0"/> Yayin da masu gidaje masu arziki ke motsawa zuwa tsaunuka masu tsawo saboda hauhawar matakan teku, farashin rayuwa yana ƙaruwa kuma mazauna da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi na dogon lokaci suna ƙaura.<ref name=":0" /> Wannan ya tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa dukiya a cikin manyan yankuna na Miami ta sami godiya sosai fiye da ko'ina a kasar.<ref name=":0"/> Fiye da mutane miliyan 30 ne suka rasa muhallinsu a duniya a cikin 2020, 98% saboda yanayin yanayi da [[Tasirin canjin yanayi|Hadarin yanayi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reilly |first=Allie |last2=Prince |date=2022-09-16 |title=What Climate Gentrification Means for Climate Adaptation Planning |url=https://www.wsp.com/en-us/insights/2022-climate-gentrification-is-reshaping-america |website=WSP Global}}</ref> Sakamakon waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi na iya haifar da masu haɓakawa da ke amfani da ƙananan farashin dukiya da saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan da suka fi tsada waɗanda ke kula da masu gidaje masu arziki. Da zarar an lalata gidaje kuma an kirkiro sababbin gine-gine masu tsada, ana tilasta mazauna masu karamin karfi da ke neman sabbin masauki su bar al'ummominsu.<ref name=":0" /> === Tasirin Jama'a === A cikin al'umma, tasirin wannan ƙaura na iya zama asarar farkon asalin al'umma da kuma rushewar al'adu, saboda waɗannan yankuna suna fuskantar ɗimbin yawa na jujjuyawar al'umma.  Mazauna garin sun dade suna fama da hasarar al’umma, domin da yawa sun kalli abokai da ‘yan uwa da baqi masu hannu da shuni ke korarsu, al’adarsu kuma ta kaure yayin da ruwan teku ya tashi.  Sakamakon gentrification na iya zama nan da nan a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da wadata, kuma sake zagayowar tilasta wa mutane fita daga gidajensu zai ci gaba yayin da sauyin yanayi, da jin ƙai, ke ta'azzara.<ref name=":1"/> 8rryojr9oi9bw3nl3gn5hyge7kxyhs4 0 51942 890473 824129 2026-08-02T08:54:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zarinah Hassan''' (an haife ta 23 Satumba 1978), wacce aka fi sani da '''Zari Hassan''', ko kuma wacce aka fi sani da '''Zari the Boss Lady''', 'yar zamantakewar jama'a ce ta [[Uganda]], [[Mawaƙi|mawakiya]], 'yar kasuwa kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, wacce ke zaune a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], inda take gudanar da kasuwanci.<ref name="2R">{{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Rich-Gang-Ivan-Semwanga-dies/812796-3941046-j5pw4qz/index.html | title=Rich Gang's Ivan Semwanga dies |date=25 May 2017 | work=[[Daily Monitor]] |access-date=7 November 2021 |author=Daily Monitor Reporter |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="3R">{{cite web |url=https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |title=Zari Hassan Still Making Boss Moves |work=Varcity Kenya |date=13 February 2018 |author=Esther Mwaniki |access-date=7 November 2021 |location=Nairobi |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121240/https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |work=Ugandaonline.net |date=2 June 2017 |url=http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death |title=Zari reveals her last moments with ex-husband, Ivan Semwanga |access-date=20 February 2018 |author=Uganda Online |location=Kampala |archive-date=21 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221100228/http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce [[Gado a Musulunci|magaji]] kuma Shugaba na ''Kwalejin Birnin Brooklyn'' (BCC), cibiyar koyar da ilimi iri-iri ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta kafa tare da mijinta marigayi Ivan Ssemwanga. BCC tana kula da harabar hedkwatar a [[Pretoria]], tare da cibiyoyin tauraron dan adam a Polokwane, [[Durban]], [[Johannesburg]], Nelspruit, Vereeniging da Rustenburg.<ref name="5R">{{cite web| work=[[New Vision]] | url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1454841/zari-takes-ceo-ssemwanga-schools |title=Zari takes over as CEO of Ssemwanga's schools |date=6 June 2017 |author=Musa Ssemwanga |access-date=7 November 2021 |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref></ref><ref name="6R">{{cite web |url=https://newslexpoint.com/zari-stamps-ceo-late-ivans-schools/ |title=Zari Hassan Stamps As The CEO Of The Late Ivan's Schools In SA |work=Newslex Point |date=6 January 2018 |author=Bukejonah |access-date=7 November 2021 |place=Naalya, Uganda |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106112312/https://newslexpoint.com/zari-stamps-ceo-late-ivans-schools/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="7R">{{cite web| work=Pulselive Kenya | url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/zari-hassan-in-jubilation-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college-sa/2nqkk35 |title=Zari Hassan over the Moon as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College, SA |date=27 April 2021 | author=Dennis Milimo |access-date=7 November 2021 | location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Zari Hassan ta koma ƙasar ta Uganda a shekara ta 2000, bayan shekaru biyu a kasar Ingila. Bayan haka ta koma Afirka ta Kudu inda ta hadu kuma ta auri Ivan Semwanga. Sun haifi 'ya'ya 3.<ref name="Seven">{{cite web |url=http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |title=Zari Hassan; The Definition of the Late Ivan Semwanga's Love Life |date=26 May 2017 |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Watchdoguganda.com |author=Watchdog Reporter |location=Kampala |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711212553/http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sun rabu a 2013 bayan Zari Hassan ta zargi Semwanga da cin zarafinta.<ref name="Three">{{cite web| newspaper=[[Daily Nation]] | url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/showbiz/The-truth-about-the-Diamond-Zari-and-Ivans-relationship/1950810-3943428-uf7ltjz/index.html |title=The truth about Diamond, Zari and Ivan's relationship |access-date=20 February 2018 |date=26 May 2017 |last=Matiko |first=Thomas |location=Nairobi}}</ref> A cikin watan Mayu 2017, Semwanga ya sami bugun jini mai yawa kuma an shigar da shi Asibitin Ilimi na Steve Biko.<ref name="Four">{{cite web |access-date=20 February 2018 |url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |title=Zari in hospital, Juju her ex-hubby Ivan Ssemwanga who is in critical condition |date=16 May 2016 |first=William |last=Kasoba |publisher=Matookerepublic.om |archive-date=19 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519073023/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya rasu a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2017. An binne shi a Uganda.<ref name="Ten">{{cite web|date=31 May 2017 |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Hundreds-bid-farewell-to-Rich-Gang-s-Semwanga/688334-3948724-f3iuv6z/index.html |title=Hundreds bid farewell to Rich Gang's Semwanga |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] | location=Kampala |author=Derrick Wandera, Isaac Ssejjombwe & Lawrence Ogwal |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> Bayan jana'izar, Zari Hassan ta koma Afirka ta Kudu don gudanar da harkokin kasuwancinta da wasu sana'o'in mijinta da ya rasu. Tana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da mai zane na [[Tanzaniya]] Diamond Platnumz.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/zari-hassan-finally-divorces-diamond-platinumz-valentines-day/|title=Zari Hassan finally divorces Diamond Platnumz... on Valentine's Day|last=Musungu|first=Nahashon|date=2018-02-15|work=Nairobi News|access-date=2018-04-05|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102804/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/zari-hassan-finally-divorces-diamond-platinumz-valentines-day/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Aswani 2018">{{cite web |last=Aswani |first=Nixon |title=Diamond Platnumz biography: facts you didn't know about the king of Wasafi |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |date=2018-02-21 |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/266426-diamond-platnumz-biography-facts-didnt-king-wasafi.html |access-date=2018-11-19}}</ref><ref name="Mbuthia 2018">{{cite web | last=Mbuthia | first=Geoffrey | title=Diamond denies rumours that Prince Nillan is not his son | website=Mpasho News | date=2018-05-11 | url=https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/ | access-date=2018-11-19 | archive-date=2018-11-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095415/https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.campustimesug.com/who-zarinah-hassan-has-dated-before/ Who Zarinah Hassan has dated before.] * [https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00073583.html Zari Reveals Why Diamond Is Back in Her Life] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDGcG2K3u6o Video of "Oli Wange" by Zari Hassan] == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1978]] iwgeq04m0gd5873ogb9ysgoiinc5hyo 0 56078 890522 431586 2026-08-02T10:38:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 890522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ekpene Ukpa''' ƙauye ne a cikin [[Eket|ƙaramar hukumar Eket]] ta [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jvgvAQAAIAAJ&q=Ikot+Ebiyan|title=Annual Volume of the Laws of Eastern Region of Nigeria: Containing the Ordinances of Eastern Region of Nigeria and Subsidiary Legislation Made Thereunder|last1=(Nigeria)|first1=Eastern Nigeria|last2=(Nigeria)|first2=Eastern Region|date=1952-01-01|publisher=Government Printer, South Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_kvAQAAIAAJ&q=Ikot+Ebiyan|title=Laws, Eastern Region of Nigeria: Containing the Ordinances of Eastern Region of Nigeria and Subsidiary Legislation Made Thereunder|last=(Nigeria)|first=Eastern Region|date=1959-01-01|publisher=Government Printer|language=en}}</ref> Mutanen Ekpene Ukpa kwatankwacin mutanen Ikot Ebiyan sun fi yin noma dawa, dabino da rogo. Suna magana [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]]. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 6l7db91nd07isemsx260rixgbhvreko 890523 890522 2026-08-02T10:38:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 890523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ekpene Ukpa''' ƙauye ne a cikin [[Eket|ƙaramar hukumar Eket]] ta [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jvgvAQAAIAAJ&q=Ikot+Ebiyan|title=Annual Volume of the Laws of Eastern Region of Nigeria: Containing the Ordinances of Eastern Region of Nigeria and Subsidiary Legislation Made Thereunder|last1=(Nigeria)|first1=Eastern Nigeria|last2=(Nigeria)|first2=Eastern Region|date=1952-01-01|publisher=Government Printer, South Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_kvAQAAIAAJ&q=Ikot+Ebiyan|title=Laws, Eastern Region of Nigeria: Containing the Ordinances of Eastern Region of Nigeria and Subsidiary Legislation Made Thereunder|last=(Nigeria)|first=Eastern Region|date=1959-01-01|publisher=Government Printer|language=en}}</ref> Mutanen Ekpene Ukpa kwatankwacin mutanen Ikot Ebiyan sun fi yin noma dawa, dabino da rogo. Suna magana [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 3q7utmvd4y1s22oz86pbvjz3p8cwkzh 0 59015 890266 513958 2026-08-01T19:59:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:En-Ukpor.ogg|thumb]] '''Ukpor''' hedikwatar karamar hukumar [[Nnewi ta Kudu|Nnewi ta kudu ce]] a [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]] a kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]].Ukpor yana da tarin ƙauyuka,kowanne yana fitowa daga sassa daban-daban.<ref>Okonkwo, Akunwanne Leo Ejedoghaobi. Outline History of Ukpor: Origin of the Villages. S.l: s.n, 1983. OCLC 22421397 [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22421397 Google books]</ref> Ukpor an san shi ne da yanayin tsaunuka,tare da ɗaya kmdaga cikin manyan tsaunukan da aka fi sani da "Ugwu ekwensu",wanda ke nufin "tudun shaidan",wanda a halin yanzu ake kiransa Ugwuonyezuberem. A zamanin yau,duk da haka, ci gaba da tantance titin da ke ratsa wannan tudun yana rage tsayin da yake da shi na wannan kasa mai dimbin tarihi. Mutanen Ukpor sun kasance manoma ne a da.Daga baya,fitattun mazauna yankin sun zama ƴan kasuwa da yawa maza da mata. Ƙungiyar koli ta garin,Ukpor Improvement Union (UIU) ta kasance babbar ƙungiyar siyasa,zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'umma. Shugaban UIU na yanzu shine Cif Ignatius Nwawulu (Dara Obiekunie) daga Umu-Ehim, Umunuko,Ukpor.<ref>Izunna Okafor [https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/18/ukpor-ready-for-igba-asara/ "Ukpor Ready For Igba Asara"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407023751/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/18/ukpor-ready-for-igba-asara/|date=2023-04-07}}, [[National Light]] 18 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> Nnewi South yanzu ana kiranta Mbaneri a wajen dalibanta a manyan makarantu.Mbaneri na nufin garuruwa goma a Nnewi ta Kudu,wadanda su ne Akwaihedi, Amichi, Azigbo, Ebenator,Ekwulumili, Ezinifite, Osumenyi,Ukpor, Unubi da Utuh. == Al'adu == === ''Asara'' === Asara ita ce bikin al'adu mafi girma da al'ummar Ukpor ke yi a lokaci-lokaci na shekaru goma sha biyar,ko ma ashirin. A tarihance, asalin bikin al’adu ya samo asali ne daga Ọgụ Agbaja(Yaƙin Agbaja)wanda ya kasance yaƙi tsakanin al’ummar Ukpor a ƙaramar hukumar Nnewi ta Kudu da mutanen Nnewi a ƙaramar Nnewi ta Arewa ta yanzu.Gwamnati,da mutanen Ukpor suka yi nasara,bayan sun kashe Metuh,babban jarumin [[Nnewi]] a lokacin <ref>Izunna Okafor [https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/amp/news/277131/ukpor-pg-nwachukwu-clears-air-on-the-2019-gba-asara-ukpor.html "Ukpor PG, Nwachukwu Clears Air On 2019 Ịgba Asara Ukpor"] [https://thenigerianvoice.com The Nigerian Voice] 04 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> Yakin ya samo asali ne sakamakon cin zarafi mara dalili da rashin cancanta daga Sarkin [[Nnewi]] na wancan lokacin wanda a kodayaushe yakan tilasta wa matasa maza da mata na al’ummar da ke makwabtaka da su dauki kwanaki na musamman da za su je su yi masa aiki,kuma za su je da abincinsu.da kuma ruwa,kamar yadda babu wani tanadi na wani abin sha'awa da sarki ya yi,wanda bai taba ba da lada,nishadi ko yaba ma'aikata ta kowace hanya. Don haka, sabon sarkin Ukpor da ya fito a wancan lokacin ya ƙudurta ba zai taɓa jurewa ba face kawo ƙarshen irin wannan ta'asar ta ɗan adam har abada; don haka ya bayar da umarnin yin Allah wadai da haramta hakan. Wannan ya harzuka Sarkin [[Nnewi]], da ya yi shelar yaki da wadannan al'ummomi da ke makwabtaka da su saboda abin da suka aikata wanda ya kira 'yan tawaye'; kuma sun fara yakin ne da al’ummarsu mafi kusa wato Ukpor a yau, wacce ta riga ta riga ta hada kai tare da tsara dabarun yaki da kauyuka tara da suka hada da Ekweteghete, kasancewar sunan gamayya na kauyuka tara da aka yi wa aikin dole na dole ba a biya su ba. . A cikin murnar wannan nasara da Ukpor ya rubuta a yakin Agbaja ne sarki na lokacin (Eze Obiukwu) ya yanke shawarar kashe saniya ga jama'a tare da yin kira ga murna; da sauran kauyukan da suka yi nasara suka 'buga kirji' suka yanke shawarar cewa suma za su kawo nasu shanun, sannan aka zagaya su a zagaye daf da filin kauyen, da nufin sanin wane kauye ne ya zo da babbar saniya. An kashe waɗannan shanun kuma aka yi amfani da su don jin daɗi wanda a lokacin ake kira 'Asara', wanda ya fito daga kalmar Igbo'-'wanda ke nuna jin daɗi.<ref>Izunna Okafor [http://pmexpressng.com/ukpor-pg-nwachukwu-clears-air-2019-igba-asara-ukpor/ "Nwachukwu Speaks On Asara Ukpor"], [http://pmexpressng.com PM Express News] 4 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref><ref>Okwu [https://theuniversenews.com/2019/04/24/ukpor-the-origin-and-essence-of-asara-jubilee/ "Ukpor: The Origin And Essence of Asara Jubilee"]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://theuniversenews.com The Universe News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722063304/https://theuniversenews.com/ |date=2023-07-22 }} 24 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> == Yanayi == A cikin Ukpor, lokacin damina yana da dumi, zalunci, da kifewa kuma lokacin rani yana da zafi, mai ɗimbin yawa, kuma wani ɓangare na gajimare. A tsawon shekara, yawan zafin jiki ya bambanta daga 67&nbsp;°F zuwa 88&nbsp;°F kuma ba kasa da 59 ba&nbsp;°F ko sama da 91&nbsp;°F. === Ya baTasirin ambaliya === Al’umma sun kashe duk abin da suke da shi tare da yin namijin kokari wajen ganin an shawo kan matsalar zaizayar kasa da ke raba al’umma baki daya a halin yanzu ba tare da wata fa’ida ba. == Fitattun mutane == * [[Mbazulike Amaechi]] (1929 – 2022) – Marubuci, dan siyasa kuma masanin ilimi, shugaban majalisar dattawan Najeriya na biyu (16, 1960 zuwa 15 ga Janairu, 1966) da kuma mukaddashin shugaban kasar Najeriya (1965-1966), tsohon ministan sufurin jiragen sama, a jamhuriya ta farko. Najeriya. * [[Oby Ezekwesili|Obiageli Ezekwesili]] – Fitacciyar ‘yar Najeriya kuma tsohuwar ministar ilimi/tsohuwar ministar ma’adanai ta kasa. <ref>Charles Onyekamuo [https://allafrica.com/stories/200506141058.html Nigeria: "Ezekwesili, a Pride to Nigeria - Obasanjo"], [https://allafrica.com All Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329231414/https://allafrica.com/ |date=2024-03-29 }}, 14 June 2005. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> * Cif Gabriel Akachukwu Okeke (1929-1991) - Daga cikin shugabannin kungiyar da suka yi tasiri a kowane lokaci. Wanda mutanen zamaninsa suka kira shi Gab Okeke, ya kasance babban sakataren kungiyar na tsawon shekaru 26 daga 1961 zuwa 1987. == Manazarta == [[Category:Climate change]] [[Category:Natural disasters]] [[Category:Effects of climate change]] 3jcazi1giu2uv86wyeif7kji4ia2nbc 890269 890266 2026-08-01T20:02:16Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 890269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:En-Ukpor.ogg|thumb]] '''Ukpor''' hedikwatar karamar hukumar [[Nnewi ta Kudu|Nnewi ta kudu ce]] a [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]] a kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]].Ukpor yana da tarin ƙauyuka,kowanne yana fitowa daga sassa daban-daban.<ref>Okonkwo, Akunwanne Leo Ejedoghaobi. Outline History of Ukpor: Origin of the Villages. S.l: s.n, 1983. OCLC 22421397 [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22421397 Google books]</ref> Ukpor an san shi ne da yanayin tsaunuka,tare da ɗaya kmdaga cikin manyan tsaunukan da aka fi sani da "Ugwu ekwensu",wanda ke nufin "tudun shaidan",wanda a halin yanzu ake kiransa Ugwuonyezuberem. A zamanin yau,duk da haka, ci gaba da tantance titin da ke ratsa wannan tudun yana rage tsayin da yake da shi na wannan kasa mai dimbin tarihi. Mutanen Ukpor sun kasance manoma ne a da.Daga baya,fitattun mazauna yankin sun zama ƴan kasuwa da yawa maza da mata. Ƙungiyar koli ta garin,Ukpor Improvement Union (UIU) ta kasance babbar ƙungiyar siyasa,zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'umma. Shugaban UIU na yanzu shine Cif Ignatius Nwawulu (Dara Obiekunie) daga Umu-Ehim, Umunuko,Ukpor.<ref>Izunna Okafor [https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/18/ukpor-ready-for-igba-asara/ "Ukpor Ready For Igba Asara"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407023751/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/04/18/ukpor-ready-for-igba-asara/|date=2023-04-07}}, [[National Light]] 18 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> Nnewi South yanzu ana kiranta Mbaneri a wajen dalibanta a manyan makarantu.Mbaneri na nufin garuruwa goma a Nnewi ta Kudu,wadanda su ne Akwaihedi, Amichi, Azigbo, Ebenator,Ekwulumili, Ezinifite, Osumenyi,Ukpor, Unubi da Utuh. == Al'adu == === ''Asara'' === Asara ita ce bikin al'adu mafi girma da al'ummar Ukpor ke yi a lokaci-lokaci na shekaru goma sha biyar,ko ma ashirin. A tarihance, asalin bikin al’adu ya samo asali ne daga Ọgụ Agbaja(Yaƙin Agbaja)wanda ya kasance yaƙi tsakanin al’ummar Ukpor a ƙaramar hukumar Nnewi ta Kudu da mutanen Nnewi a ƙaramar Nnewi ta Arewa ta yanzu.Gwamnati,da mutanen Ukpor suka yi nasara,bayan sun kashe Metuh,babban jarumin [[Nnewi]] a lokacin <ref>Izunna Okafor [https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/277131/ukpor-pg-nwachukwu-clears-air-on-the-2019-gba-asara-ukpor.html "Ukpor PG, Nwachukwu Clears Air On 2019 Ịgba Asara Ukpor"] [https://thenigerianvoice.com The Nigerian Voice] 04 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> Yakin ya samo asali ne sakamakon cin zarafi mara dalili da rashin cancanta daga Sarkin [[Nnewi]] na wancan lokacin wanda a kodayaushe yakan tilasta wa matasa maza da mata na al’ummar da ke makwabtaka da su dauki kwanaki na musamman da za su je su yi masa aiki,kuma za su je da abincinsu.da kuma ruwa,kamar yadda babu wani tanadi na wani abin sha'awa da sarki ya yi,wanda bai taba ba da lada,nishadi ko yaba ma'aikata ta kowace hanya. Don haka, sabon sarkin Ukpor da ya fito a wancan lokacin ya ƙudurta ba zai taɓa jurewa ba face kawo ƙarshen irin wannan ta'asar ta ɗan adam har abada; don haka ya bayar da umarnin yin Allah wadai da haramta hakan. Wannan ya harzuka Sarkin [[Nnewi]], da ya yi shelar yaki da wadannan al'ummomi da ke makwabtaka da su saboda abin da suka aikata wanda ya kira 'yan tawaye'; kuma sun fara yakin ne da al’ummarsu mafi kusa wato Ukpor a yau, wacce ta riga ta riga ta hada kai tare da tsara dabarun yaki da kauyuka tara da suka hada da Ekweteghete, kasancewar sunan gamayya na kauyuka tara da aka yi wa aikin dole na dole ba a biya su ba. . A cikin murnar wannan nasara da Ukpor ya rubuta a yakin Agbaja ne sarki na lokacin (Eze Obiukwu) ya yanke shawarar kashe saniya ga jama'a tare da yin kira ga murna; da sauran kauyukan da suka yi nasara suka 'buga kirji' suka yanke shawarar cewa suma za su kawo nasu shanun, sannan aka zagaya su a zagaye daf da filin kauyen, da nufin sanin wane kauye ne ya zo da babbar saniya. An kashe waɗannan shanun kuma aka yi amfani da su don jin daɗi wanda a lokacin ake kira 'Asara', wanda ya fito daga kalmar Igbo'-'wanda ke nuna jin daɗi.<ref>Izunna Okafor [http://pmexpressng.com/ukpor-pg-nwachukwu-clears-air-2019-igba-asara-ukpor/ "Nwachukwu Speaks On Asara Ukpor"], [http://pmexpressng.com PM Express News] 4 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref><ref>Okwu [https://theuniversenews.com/2019/04/24/ukpor-the-origin-and-essence-of-asara-jubilee/ "Ukpor: The Origin And Essence of Asara Jubilee"]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://theuniversenews.com The Universe News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722063304/https://theuniversenews.com/ |date=2023-07-22 }} 24 April 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> == Yanayi == A cikin Ukpor, lokacin damina yana da dumi, zalunci, da kifewa kuma lokacin rani yana da zafi, mai ɗimbin yawa, kuma wani ɓangare na gajimare. A tsawon shekara, yawan zafin jiki ya bambanta daga 67&nbsp;°F zuwa 88&nbsp;°F kuma ba kasa da 59 ba&nbsp;°F ko sama da 91&nbsp;°F. === Ya baTasirin ambaliya === Al’umma sun kashe duk abin da suke da shi tare da yin namijin kokari wajen ganin an shawo kan matsalar zaizayar kasa da ke raba al’umma baki daya a halin yanzu ba tare da wata fa’ida ba. == Fitattun mutane == * [[Mbazulike Amaechi]] (1929 – 2022) – Marubuci, dan siyasa kuma masanin ilimi, shugaban majalisar dattawan Najeriya na biyu (16, 1960 zuwa 15 ga Janairu, 1966) da kuma mukaddashin shugaban kasar Najeriya (1965-1966), tsohon ministan sufurin jiragen sama, a jamhuriya ta farko. Najeriya. * [[Oby Ezekwesili|Obiageli Ezekwesili]] – Fitacciyar ‘yar Najeriya kuma tsohuwar ministar ilimi/tsohuwar ministar ma’adanai ta kasa. <ref>Charles Onyekamuo [https://allafrica.com/stories/200506141058.html Nigeria: "Ezekwesili, a Pride to Nigeria - Obasanjo"], [https://allafrica.com All Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329231414/https://allafrica.com/ |date=2024-03-29 }}, 14 June 2005. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</ref> * Cif Gabriel Akachukwu Okeke (1929-1991) - Daga cikin shugabannin kungiyar da suka yi tasiri a kowane lokaci. Wanda mutanen zamaninsa suka kira shi Gab Okeke, ya kasance babban sakataren kungiyar na tsawon shekaru 26 daga 1961 zuwa 1987. == Manazarta == [[Category:Climate change]] [[Category:Natural disasters]] [[Category:Effects of climate change]] kfa4q5nuctbcurku0gg13zam8game1q 0 59969 890393 741586 2026-08-02T04:04:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Cyclone Catarina from the ISS on March 26 2004.JPG|thumb|Cyclone kenam]] [[Fayil:Regnbyge.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Global tropical cyclone tracks-edit2.jpg|thumb|tripical cyclone]] [[Fayil:Jelawat 2012-09-25 0210Z.jpg|thumb|cyclone]] An haɓaka '''yanayin ruwan sama na cyclone mai zafi''' don tantance halayen ruwan sama na guguwar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da yanayin ruwan samam na cyclone don taimakawa hasashen tasirin guguwar na yanzu ko mai zuwa. Matsayin tasirin ruwan sama na cyclone na wurare masu zafi ya dogara ne akan saurin motsi, girman guguwa, da matakin jurar iska a tsaye. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar da guguwa mai [[zafi]] ke haifarwa shine ruwan sama mai yawa. Manya-manyan, jinkirin motsi, da cyclones na wurare masu zafi waɗanda ba sa bushewa suna haifar da ruwan sama mafi girma. Ƙarfin guguwar yanayi ba ta da wani tasiri a kan yuwuwarta ta samun ruwan sama a kan ƙasa, amma aunawar tauraron dan adam a cikin shekaru da dama da suka wuce ya nuna cewa guguwar da ke da zafi na haifar da ruwan sama sosai a kan ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwa daga guguwa mai zafi ya kasance babban sanadin mace-mace, musamman a wuraren da ke kwance. == Hasashen aukuwar ambaliyar ruwa == Yayin da [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] ta zama ruwan dare ga guguwa mai zafi, akwai abubuwan da ke haifar da yawan ruwan sama daga guguwa mai zafi. Jinkirin motsi, kamar yadda aka gani a lokacin Hurricane Danny (1997) da Hurricane Wilma, na iya haifar da yawan ruwan sama. Kasancewar tsaunuka / tsaunuka kusa da bakin teku, kamar fadin yawancin [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], [[Haiti]], [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominican]], Amurka ta tsakiya, [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], Réunion, [[Sin|China]], da [[Japan]] suna yin girman girman ruwan sama saboda tilasta hawan hawan dutse. Strong babba matakin tilasta daga wani trough motsi ta hanyar Westerlies da kuma hade sanyi gaban, kamar yadda ya faru a lokacin ''Hurricane Floyd'', na iya haifar da high yawa ko da daga tsarin motsi a wani talakawan gaba motsi. Guguwar iska mafi girma tana sauke ruwan sama yayin da suke hazo a wuri ɗaya na dogon lokaci fiye da matsakaita ko ƙananan cyclones na wurare masu zafi. Haɗin waɗannan abubuwa biyu na iya zama gurgunta musamman, kamar yadda aka gani a lokacin Hurricane Mitch a Amurka ta Tsakiya . <ref>http://www.fema.gov/areyouready/hurricanes.shtm</ref> A cikin lokacin 2005, ambaliya mai alaƙa da jinkirin tafiya guguwar Stan ta haifar da mutuwar 1,662-2,000. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2006/s2607.htm |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-09-15 |archive-date=2017-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224105328/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2006/s2607.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gabaɗaya rarraba tsakanin guguwar yanayi mai zafi == Isaac Cline shi ne na farko da ya fara gudanar da bincike kan rarraba [[ruwan sama]] a kusa da guguwar yanayi a farkon shekarun 1900. Ya gano cewa ruwan sama ya fi girma a gaban cibiyar (ko ido) fiye da bayan wucewar cibiyar, tare da mafi girman kaso na fadowa a cikin kwata na gaba na dama. Uba Viñes na [[Cuba]] ya gano cewa wasu guguwa na wurare masu zafi suna da mafi girman adadin ruwan sama a cikin kwata na baya a cikin rukunin horo (mara motsi). <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Ray_Tannehill</ref> A al'ada, yayin da guguwa mai zafi ke ƙaruwa, yawan ruwan sama ya fi ta'azzara a tsakiyarta. <ref>E.B. Rodgers and R.F. Adler. [http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175%2F1520-0493(1981)109%3C0506%3ATCRCAD%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characteristics as Determined from a Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer.]{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved on 2008-04-16.</ref> Ana samun ruwan sama ya fi nauyi a cikin tsakiyar cyclone na wurare masu zafi, ko ya kasance bangon ido ko na tsakiya mai yawa, a cikin madaidaicin digiri na cibiyar, tare da ƙarancin kuɗi nesa da cibiyar. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Riehl</ref> Yawancin ruwan sama a cikin cyclones na wurare masu zafi yana maida hankali ne a cikin radius na gale-force (iska. <ref name="CORENE">Corene J. Matyas. [http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/108831.pdf Relating Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Patterns to Storm Size.] Retrieved on 2007-02-14.</ref> Ruwan sama ya fi zama ruwan dare a kusa da tsakiyar cyclones na wurare masu zafi na dare. A cikin ƙasa, makada na waje sun fi aiki yayin dumama rana, waɗanda za su iya yin aiki don taƙaita shigowa cikin tsakiyar guguwar. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa rabin ruwan sama a cikin guguwa mai zafi yana da tsari a yanayi. <ref name="DR072007">David M. Roth. [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/TC_QPF_talk072007.ppt Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Presentation (July 2007).] Retrieved on 2007-07-19.</ref> Riehl ya haɓaka taswirar dama a cikin 1954 ta amfani da ma'auni na yanayi wanda ke ɗaukar radiyo mai nisan {{Convert|140|mi|km}}, guguwa mai ma'ana daidai gwargwado, kuma baya la'akari da tasirin yanayi ko juzu'in iska a tsaye. Adadin gida zai iya wuce wannan ginshiƙi da kashi biyu saboda yanayin ƙasa. Tsayar da iska tana ƙoƙarin rage adadin da ke ƙasa da abin da aka nuna akan tebur. == Dangantaka da girman guguwa == Manyan guguwa na wurare masu zafi suna da garkuwar ruwan sama mafi girma, wanda zai iya haifar da yawan ruwan sama mai nisa daga tsakiyar guguwar. <ref name="CORENE2">Corene J. Matyas. [http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/108831.pdf Relating Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Patterns to Storm Size.] Retrieved on 2007-02-14.</ref> Wannan yana faruwa gabaɗaya saboda tsayin lokacin da ruwan sama ya faɗi a kowane wuri a cikin babban tsari, idan aka kwatanta da ƙaramin tsari. Wasu daga cikin bambance-bambancen da ake gani game da ruwan sama tsakanin manya da kanana guguwa zai iya zama ƙarar samfurin ruwan sama a cikin babban guguwa mai zafi idan aka kwatanta da na ƙanƙaramar guguwa; a wasu kalmomi, bambancin zai iya zama sakamakon matsalar ƙididdiga. == Slow/looping motsi akan girman ruwan sama == Guguwa da suka yi tafiya sannu a hankali, ko madauki, a cikin kwanaki masu yawa suna haifar da mafi girman adadin ruwan sama ga ƙasashe da yawa. Riehl ya ƙididdige cewa {{Convert|33.97|in|mm}} na ruwan sama a kowace rana ana iya sa ran tsakanin rabin digiri, ko {{Convert|35|mi|km}}, na tsakiyar babban guguwar yanayi mai zafi. Yawancin cyclones masu zafi suna ci gaba a motsi na gaba na 10&nbsp;kulli, wanda zai iyakance tsawon lokacin wannan ruwan sama mai yawa zuwa kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yini, wanda zai haifar da kusan {{Convert|8.50|in|mm}} na ruwan sama. Wannan zai zama gaskiya akan ruwa, tsakanin {{Convert|100|mi|km}} na bakin tekun, <ref>Russell Pfost. [http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mfl/newpage/tampa/index.htm Tropical Cyclone Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting.] Retrieved on 2007-02-25.</ref> da siffofi na waje. Yayin da guguwar iska ta yi nisa a cikin kasa kuma ta katse shi daga samar da dumi da danshi (teku), ruwan sama ya yi yawa daga guguwa mai zafi kuma ragowar su na raguwa da sauri. [9] == Tsayewar iska mai ƙarfi akan garkuwar ruwan sama == Tsayar da iska ta tsaye tana tilasta yanayin ruwan sama a kusa da guguwar yanayi mai zafi ya zama asymmetric, tare da yawancin hazo yana faɗowa zuwa hagu da saukar iskar juzu'i, ko ƙasa ƙasa. Ma'ana, tsatsauran ra'ayi na kudu maso yamma yana tilasta yawancin ruwan sama daga arewa-maso-gabashin cibiyar. <ref>Shuyi S. Chen, John A. Knaff, and Frank D. Marks, Jr. [http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/resources/docs/chen_etal_2006.pdf Effects of Vertical Wind Shear and Storm Motion on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Asymmetries Deduced from TRMM.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129132638/http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/resources/docs/chen_etal_2006.pdf |date=2007-11-29 }} Retrieved on 2007-03-28.</ref> Idan iska ya yi ƙarfi sosai, yawancin ruwan sama zai ƙaura daga cibiyar da ke kaiwa ga abin da aka sani da cibiyar zagayawa mai fallasa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, yuwuwar samun ruwan sama tare da guguwar yanayi mai zafi zai ragu sosai. == Tasirin hulɗa tare da iyakoki na gaba / babban matakin == Yayin da guguwar iska mai zafi ke mu'amala tare da tudun ruwa na matakin sama da na gaba da ke da alaƙa, ana ganin wani yanki na musamman na hazo tare da gaba da axis na babban matakin tudun ruwa. Irin wannan hulɗar na iya haifar da bayyanar da ruwan sama mafi girma yana faɗowa tare da hagu na hanyar guguwar iska mai zafi, tare da hazo mai ɗaukar ɗaruruwan mil ko kilomita ƙasa daga guguwar na wurare masu zafi. <ref name="WES">Norman. W. Junker. [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/mcs_web_test_test_files/page0024.htm Hurricanes and extreme rainfall.] Retrieved on 2006-02-13.</ref> Ƙarfin babban titin da ke ɗaukar guguwar na wurare masu zafi, mafi mahimmancin canjin waƙa a cikin rabon ruwan sama ya kasance. <ref name="DR0720072">David M. Roth. [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/TC_QPF_talk072007.ppt Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Presentation (July 2007).] Retrieved on 2007-07-19.</ref> == Duwatsu == Danshi iska ya tilastawa gangaren tsaunukan bakin teku da sarƙoƙin tsaunuka na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi fiye da na bakin teku. Wannan ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya na iya haifar da zabtarewar kasa, wanda har yanzu yana haifar da hasarar rayuka kamar yadda aka gani a lokacin guguwar Mitch a Amurka ta tsakiya. == Rarraba duniya == A duniya baki daya, ruwan sama na guguwa mai zafi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a arewacin kogin sama fiye da na kudanci. Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda yadda aka saba rarraba guguwa na wurare masu zafi na shekara-shekara, kamar yadda tsakanin rabin da kashi biyu bisa uku na duk guguwar yanayi ke tasowa a arewacin yankin equator. Ruwan sama yana mai da hankali kusa da layi na 15 a cikin duka sassan biyu, tare da ƙarancin ɗigon ruwa da aka gani tare da latitude a fadin arewacin kogin, saboda tsananin ruwan dumin da ake gani a wannan duniyar wanda ke ba da damar cyclones na wurare masu zafi su kasance na wurare masu zafi a yanayi a manyan latitudes fiye da kudu. equator. <ref>Whipple, Addison (1982). ''Storm''. Alexandria, VA: Time Life Books. p. 54. ISBN <bdi>0-8094-4312-0</bdi>.</ref> A kudancin kogin, tasirin ruwan sama zai zama ruwan dare tsakanin Janairu da Maris, yayin da arewacin equator, tasirin ruwan sama mai zafi na iska ya fi yawa tsakanin Yuni da Nuwamba. <ref name="DR0720073">David M. Roth. [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/TC_QPF_talk072007.ppt Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Presentation (July 2007).] Retrieved on 2007-07-19.</ref> [[Japan]] na samun sama da rabin ruwan sama daga guguwa.<ref name=":0">http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/Deadliest_Costliest.shtml</ref> == Kididdigar yawan ruwan sama na guguwar cyclone na Amurka == Tsakanin 1970 da 2004, ambaliya ta cikin ƙasa ta haifar da mafi yawan asarar rayuka masu nasaba da guguwar cyclone a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . <ref>http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/inland_flood.shtml</ref> Wannan ƙididdiga ta canza a cikin 2005, lokacin da tasirin Hurricane Katrina shi kaɗai ya canza yanayin mafi muni na cyclones na wurare masu zafi ya koma hawan guguwa, wanda a tarihi ya kasance mafi muni na ƙaƙƙarfan cyclones na wurare masu zafi. <ref name=":0" /> A matsakaita, guguwa mai zafi guda biyar na aƙalla ƙarfin damuwa na wurare masu zafi suna haifar da ruwan sama a duk faɗin Amurka a kowace shekara, suna ba da gudummawar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na ruwan sama na shekara zuwa kudu maso gabashin Amurka. Yayin da yawancin waɗannan guguwa ke tasowa a cikin Tekun Atlantika, wasu tsare-tsare ko ragowarsu suna tafiya ta Mexico daga Tekun Gabashin Pacific. Matsakaicin jimlar yawan ruwan sama don guguwar yanayi mai zafi da ta shafi ƙasan 48 daga Tekun Atlantika kusan {{Convert|16|in|mm}}, tare da kashi 70-75 na guguwar gaba ɗaya ta faɗo cikin sa'o'i 24. An ga mafi girman ma'ana a lokacin Hurricane Harvey a cikin 2017, lokacin da {{Convert|60.58|in|mm}} ya fadi a kudu maso gabashin [[Texas]].<ref>http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tcrainfall.html</ref> == Manazarta == 65r7uzqjnovbsw5ig3ci6q7n6eal7x6 0 60705 890119 683456 2026-08-01T12:38:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[File:Bayswater_Power_Station.jpg|right|thumb|245x245px| Tashar wutar lantarki ta Bayswater]] '''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Bayswater tashar wutar lantarki''' ce ta ''bituminous'' (baƙar fata) da ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai {{Convert|660|MW}} Tokyo Shibaura Electric (Japan) turbo masu turbo masu motsi don haɗakar ƙarfin {{Convert|2640|MW}}. An ba da izini tsakanin 1985 zuwa 1986, tashar tana da nisan {{Convert|16|km|mi|0}} daga Muswellbrook, da {{Convert|28|km|mi|0}} daga Singleton a cikin Yankin Muhallin Hunter na ''New South Wales,'' [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]. Kafin Satumba 2014 Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Bayswater wani yanki ne na mai samar da wutar lantarki na Gwamnatin NSW, Macquarie Generation.<ref>[http://www.macgen.com.au/ "Macgen Website"]</ref> An samu Macquarie Generation ta AGL Energy acikin Satumba 2014.<ref>[http://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/media-centre/article-list/2014/september/agl-completes-acquisition-of-macquarie-generation-assets "AGL completes acquisition of Macquarie Generation assets"], 2 September 2014</ref> == Tarihi == An kammala aikin janareta na farko a shekarar 1985, sauran na’urorin samar da wutar lantarki guda uku kuma a cigaba da tafiya a wannan shekarar har zuwa shekarar 1986. Bayswater tana jawo ruwan sanyi daga Kogin Hunter a ƙarƙashin haƙƙin ruwa da aka yi shawarwari tare da gwamnatin New South Wales. Tsarin kogin Barnard kuma yana ba da damar Bayswater da Liddell don canja wurin ruwa daga babban kogin Manning zuwa Kogin Hunter don amfani da su. Yawancin kwal ɗin ana bada shi ta hanyar isar da iskar gas daga ma'adinai da ta raba tareda tashar wutar lantarki ta Liddell da ke kusa. Amfanin kwal yana kusa da {{Convert|8|Mt|ST}} a shekara kuma yana samar da kusan {{Convert|17000|GWh}} na wutar lantarki a shekara. Wannan isasshe wutar lantarki ce ga matsakaitan gidaje da iyalai miliyan 2 na Australiya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2012}}</link> == Fitar da iska == Carbon Monitoring for Action ya kiyasta wannan tashar wutar lantarki tana fitar da tan miliyan 19.80 na iskar gas a kowace shekara sakamakon kona gawayi. Acikin 2010 Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da Tsarin Rage Gurɓatar Carbon don taimakawa [[Rage canjin yanayi|wajen magance sauyin yanayi]]. Ana sa ran zai yi tasiri kan hayakin da ake fitarwa daga tashoshin wutar lantarki. Ƙididdigar Ƙira ta Ƙasa tana bada cikakkun bayanai na kewayon gurɓataccen hayaƙi, ciki harda CO, wanda aka kiyasta a {{Convert|1600000|kg}} na shekara mai ƙare 30 Yuni 2011. A shekara ta 2009, tashar wutar lantarki ta kasance batun "matakin farko na doka da nufin dakile gurbacewar iskar gas daga tashar wutar lantarki". Wani mai fafutukar kare muhalli Pete Gray yaje Kotun Kasa da Muhalli na New South Wales, inda ya tambaye shiya gano cewa tashar wutar lantarki ta kasance "da gangan ko sakaci da zubar da sharar gida [...] ta hanyar fitar da [[carbon dioxide]] acikin yanayi ta hanyar da ta dace cutarwa ko kuma yana iya cutar da muhalli saɓanin sashe na 115(1) na ''Dokar Kare Muhalli na Ayyukan Muhalli'' na 1997”, tareda neman doka kan tashar. Shari'ar, ''Grey da Anor v Macquarie Generation'', yana gudana a Lokacin mutuwar Grey daga ciwon daji acikin Afrilu 2011. == Haɓaka tsakiyar rayuwa == Acikin Disamba 2018, an amince da haɓɓaka zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta Bayswater da za'a kammala kusan lokaci guda da shawarar rufe tashar wutar lantarki ta Liddell a 2022. Dukansu mallakar AGL Energy ne kuma suna cinye kwal daga ma'adana iri ɗaya. Amincewa da haɓɓakawa bai sanya tsauraran matakan sarrafa iskar ba, duk da haka AGL tayi iƙirarin cewa rufe Liddell zai haifar da haɓɓaka ƙimar iska. Haɓɓakawa zata ƙara ƙarfin injin turbin guda uku akan raka'o'in samar da wutar lantarki guda huɗu, wanda zai ƙara ƙarfin kowace naúrar da 25MW yayin da ɗan rage yawan kwal da ake cinyewa. == Bayanin shuka == === Boilers === * Matsin lamba: {{Convert|16550|kPa}} * Yanayin zafi: {{Convert|540|C}} * Tsawo: {{Convert|80|m}} === Turbo alternators === * Lambar da ake amfani da ita: 4 * Maƙera: Tokyo Shibaura Electric Company, (Toshiba) Limited, Japan. * Gudun aiki 3,000 rpm * Alternator ƙarfin lantarki: 23kV * Rating: {{Convert|660|MW}} * Tsawon {{Convert|50|m}} * Nauyi: {{Convert|1342|MT|ST}} === Turbine gidan === * Tsawon {{Convert|510|m}} * Tsawo: {{Convert|38|m}} * Nisa: {{Convert|40|m}} === Tari mai fitarwa === * Tsawo: {{Convert|248|m}} * Diamita a gindi: {{Convert|23|m}} * Diamita a saman: {{Convert|12|m}} === Hasumiya mai sanyi === * Tsawo: {{Convert|132|m}} * Diamita a gindi: {{Convert|100|m}} * Diamita a saman: {{Convert|52|m}} == Ayyuka == {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: left;" |Bayswater Power Station Generation (MWh) <ref>http://nemlog.com.au/show/unit/YYYYMMDD/YYYYMMDD/?k1=GENCODE{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} where YYYYMMDD are start and end dates and GENCODE is one of BW01, BW02, BW03, or BW04.</ref> ! Shekara ! Jimlar ! BW01 ! BW02 ! BW03 ! BW04 |- | 2011 | 17,668,503 | 4,437,476 | 4,343,235 | 4,570,513 | 4,317,279 |- | 2012 | 15,510,718 | 4,384,775 | 3,562,402 | 3,805,720 | 3,757,821 |- | 2013 | 16,849,827 | 4,199,877 | 4,457,319 | 3,905,809 | 4,286,822 |- | 2014 | 16,152,772 | 4,255,612 | 4,148,943 | 4,077,094 | 3,671,123 |- | 2015 | 18,629,692 | 4,540,957 | 4,328,707 | 4,752,008 | 5,008,020 |- | 2016 | 16,687,593 | 4,446,607 | 3,484,473 | 4,272,641 | 4,483,872 |- | 2017 | 16,180,305 | 3,738,050 | 4,485,369 | 3,766,177 | 4,190,709 |- | 2018 | 14,830,893 | 2,472,064 | 3,717,225 | 4,529,614 | 4,111,990 |- | 2019 | 15,985,267 | 4,255,873 | 4,048,191 | 4,678,243 | 3,002,960 |- | 2020 | 15,463,880 | 4,359,131 | 4,282,939 | 3,718,201 | 3,103,609 |- | 2021 | 14,453,646 | 3,970,400 | 2,623,948 | 3,930,058 | 3,929,240 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.macgen.com.au/GenerationPortfolio/BayswaterPowerStation.aspx Macquarie Generation]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} shafi akan Bayswater om22snxlbvj3u07lvozsmb1lzue0yi8 0 61374 890081 343989 2026-08-01T12:12:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 890081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Muar''' ('''Rio Muar''') rafi ne a [[Korama|lardin]] Sofala na kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. {{Stub}} == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Mozambique == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} 078o4x2aehjfufg575u6w2061tq0a1e 890082 890081 2026-08-01T12:13:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 890082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Muar''' ('''Rio Muar''') rafi ne a [[Korama|lardin]] Sofala na kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]].<ref>"Rio Muar, Mozambique"</ref> {{Stub}} == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Mozambique == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} rw2706p0v0jx8ghslsws8mv3sgzvxxr 890083 890082 2026-08-01T12:13:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 890083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Muar''' ('''Rio Muar''') rafi ne a [[Korama|lardin]] Sofala na kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]].<ref>"Rio Muar, Mozambique"</ref> {{Stub}} == Duba kuma == * Jerin kogunan Mozambique == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9mfxdlktuohlv61lwy0e3fancn6pzwc 0 62113 890424 890005 2026-08-02T06:19:19Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.2 Doguwar Mallaka */ 890424 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') == Manazararta== e29xypsrhge8fxvmp1f1hlyexeryb21 890425 890424 2026-08-02T06:21:59Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.2 Doguwar Mallaka */ 890425 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') =='''Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya == Manazararta== dgr7ioc8cngpoieglw8j3zlfmc0d2cl 890429 890425 2026-08-02T06:24:20Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka */ 890429 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') =='''5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' '''== == Manazararta== tmxzy2yw89kmjmz4reevbqap5cwidmy 890433 890429 2026-08-02T06:27:46Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' */ 890433 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') =='''5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' '''== A tsarin ka'idojin rubun Hausa == Manazararta== 6936p9xazdyuxamfrfnwvh1rnsiv1tm 890434 890433 2026-08-02T06:29:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' */ 890434 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') =='''5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' '''== A tsarin ka'idojin rubun Hausa akwai abinda ake kira 'w' jakadiya == Manazararta== eqgobvl9w294y3kclrujyymomo3w10j 890436 890434 2026-08-02T06:31:21Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' */ 890436 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') =='''5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' '''== A tsarin ka'idojin rubun Hausa akwai abinda ake kira 'w' jakadiya da kuma 'w' dafa-keya. == Manazararta== 9exke2pslmwo4ge5khhttz7km1keezd 890438 890436 2026-08-02T06:35:29Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' */ 890438 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') =='''5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' '''== A tsarin ka'idojin rubun Hausa akwai abinda ake kira 'w' jakadiya da kuma 'w' dafa-keya. Wannan sautuka iri daya kuma masu sautuka iri daya == Manazararta== 6hreuayy5ykb6fenlwopf3ysxsmxz0m 890440 890438 2026-08-02T06:40:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' */ 890440 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') =='''5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' '''== A tsarin ka'idojin rubun Hausa akwai abinda ake kira 'w' jakadiya da kuma 'w' dafa-keya. Wannan sautuka iri daya kuma masu sautuka iri daya. Sai dai muhallin rubuta su ne kawai ya bambanta, duk da cewa akan sami kowacce a gaban wata kalma == Manazararta== ohj92kf4pdy8e68ecbhofb08bcwvqs7 890443 890440 2026-08-02T06:41:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* 5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' */ 890443 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ƙa'idojin rubutun hausa == Kamar yadda aka sani, kowanne lamari na duniya yana da ka'idar yadda ya kamata a gudanar da shi. Kuma bin ƙa'idar ita ke sa a sami dacen yadda ake bukata ba tare da an fuskanci wata matsala ba. Idan kuma ba a bi ka'idar ba to za a ga ba daidai ba.. Tunda yake haka ne, rubutun Hausa shi ma, yana da ka'idarsa. Bin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa sau-da-kafa, su ke sa a sami rubutu mai Cikakkiyar ma'ana. Wato a sami daidaiton manufa tsakanin tunanain marubuci da kuma na makaranci.<ref><nowiki>https://hemingwayapp.com/articles/grammar-punctuation/punctuation-marks</nowiki></ref> ==Abin da ake nufi da ka'idojin rubutun hausa== Ka'idojin rubutun Hausa, wani yanayi ne na lura da kiyaye ka'idojin harshen Hausa a rubuce domin samun damar isar da sakon da marubuci ke nufi zuwa ga mai karatu daidai da daidai, ba tare da canzawar ma'anar da marubuci ke nufi ba . Haka kuma, yana samar da saukin fahimtar karatu daga mai karantawa. == Fannonin Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa == Fannonin ka'idojin rubutun Hausa da muke da su a nan, suna da dama. Kuma sune ginshin duk abinda ya kamata marubuci ya koya game da ka'idojin rubutun Hausa domin samun gwanancewa a rubutu. Don haka, zan zayyano su, sannan kuma na yi bayaninsu daki-daki kamar haka: #Alamomin ajiye magana; #Raba kalma da kuma hade kalma; #Shaddatun tagwayen harufan Hausa; #Gajera da doguwar mallaka; #Dafa-keya 'w' da jakada 'w'; #Daurin 'm' da daurin 'n'; =='''1.0 Alamomin Ajiye Magana' (punctuation mark)'''== Ga Alamomin aje magana tare da bayanansu daki-daki: * '''Aya / . / * '''Waƙafi / . / * '''Ayar tambaya / ? / * '''Ruwa-biyu / : / * '''Waƙafi m mai ruwa / ; / * '''Karan-ɗori / - / * '''Alamar zancen wani / " " / * '''Baka-biyu / ( ) / * '''Alamar Motsin rai / ! / * '''Zarce / ... / 1.1 '''Aya / . /''' Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. 1.2== Wakafi/ , / == Wakafi, wata karmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari da missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkanin suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa, ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. 1.4== Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da aka sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.1 Aya / . /== Ita aya alamar digo ce, mai nuni da da cikkakkiyar tsayawa, wace ake amfani da ita a karshen cikkakkiyar Jimla ko a yayin da da magana ta cika. wato dai lokacin da magana ta cika a rubutuce ko a maganace. Missali: '''A ranar da aka rantsar da sabon Shugaban kasar Najeriya Ahmad Bola Tunubu, ya ayyana janye tallafin man fetur. Sannan kuma, ya cigaba da zayyana wasu mahimman manufofin Gwamnatin tashi.''' idan an lura za a ga an sami ayoyi goda biyu a cikin missalin da na kawo. Wato daya a tsakiya daya a karshe. Amma duk da haka, a lura wajen tantancewa domin wakafi ma, ya zo sau biyu a ciki. Idan an yi hattara sosai, shi ma sai ai la'akari da shi a missalin wakafi da zai zo nan gaba kadan. ==1.2 Wakafi/ , / == Waƙafi, wata ƙarmar tsayawa ce, wato dakatawa ko tsahirtawa wacce bata kai ta aya ba. Missali: *'''Na ga wani farin mutum jiya, sanye da farin kaya da jar hula, yana tsallaka titi a natse.''' To a nan, za a ga an yi amfani da wakafi guda uku kafin aya da ta zo a karshe. Bayan hakka, ana samin wakafi yayin da ake zayyana wasu abubuwa. Missali: *'''Wani Attajiri, ya rabawa mabukata kayan abinci kyauta a garin Gogori. Irin su shinkafa, masara, gero, wake, manja,sukari da sauransu.''' A wannan missalin za a ga yadda ake saka wakafi a tsakankanin abubuwan da aka raba. Wato shinkafa da masara da dawa, har zuwa karshe. 1.3== Ayar tambaya / ? / == Ita almar ayar tambaya, alama ce da take fayyace tambaya a cikin jimla. Ita Ayar tambaya/ ? / Tana zuwa ne A karshen jimlar da ake nufin tambayar. A yayain da marubuci yai nufin tambaya a cikin rubutunsa kuma bai sa wannan alama ba (?) To wannan jimla za ta tsaya ne a matsayin bayani maimakon tambya. Kuma, babu bukatar amsa domin ba a sa almar tambaya ba.Missali: * Aliyu ya zo?, * menene ake sayarwa? Idan aka yi la'akari missalan da ke sama, za a ga an kawo jimloli guda biyu kuma dukkaninsu suna dauke da alamar tambaya. Bayan haka, a duba kasa za a ga an sake maimaita jimlar farko ba tare da alamar tambaya ba: Aliyu ya zo A nan za a fahimci cewa ana yin bayanin cewa Aliyu ya riga har ya zo wani wuri ne, maimakon tambaya akan zuwan Aliyu wani wuri. ==1.4 Ruwa biyu/ Aya mai ruwa /:/== Wannan wata alama ce da ta ke alamata nuni da zuwan wasu abubuwa a kasa, haka kuma ana amfani da su wajen fayyace awanni, minting da kuma sakanni na lokaci. Missal: # '''12:56''' (wato karfe sha biyu da minti hamsin da shida) # missali na biyu a duba duk inda na ce MISSALI za a ga na yi wannan alamar '''( : )''' sannan a ga missalan sun biyo baya. To wannan ma na daya daga cikin amfanita * idan an zo zayyana wasu abubuwa, akan yi amfani da wannan alama ta Ruwa-biyu. Kamar a ce, '''Shugaban kasa ya zayyana wasu manufofin Gwamnatinsa guda uku da tasa a gaba kamar haka:''' * Inganta noma da kiwon dabbobi; * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * Samar da isasshen man fetur; da sauransu. A nan idan aka lura sosai, za a ga sai da na sa alamar ruwa-biyu /:/ sannan na kawo wadancan abubuwa uku da aka ce Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. ==1.5 Waƙafi mai ruwa / ; / == wannan alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen raba jerin wasu jimloli ko kalmomi a cikin zance. Game da missali, a duba a missalin karshe na Aya mai ruwa, za a ga yadda aka bayyana abinda Shugaban kasa ya zayyana. A nan za a ga an sa Ka alamar /;/ a gaban kowacce jimla. Ga Karin missali: * Shugqban makarantar ya gargadi dalibai cewa,idan sun tashi dawowa daga hutu, su zo da kayan karatu kamar irin wadannan: # littafin koyon turanci, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan lissafi, aji na biyar; # littafin nazarin rayuwar dan Adam, aji na biyar; # littafin koyan karatn Hausa, aji na biyar. A wadannan missalai za a lura cewa, a duk karshen jimloli 3 na farko an saka alamaar tsayawa ta wakafi mai ruwa (;), in banda jimla ta karshe da aka yi wa alamar aya /./ ==1.6 Karan-ɗori / - /== Karan-dori, alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen hade kalmomi biyu ko sama da biyu, su zama kalma daya da ma'ana daya. Akan saka wannan alama ne a tsakanin kalmomi da suka zo iri daya ko wadanda suka zo daban-daban. Kin saka wannan alama a inda ya dace, yakan kawo sabanin ma'ana tsakanin mawallafi da makaranci. Missali: # malam-buda-mana-littafi (sunnan wani kafilfilo); # fadi-ka-mutu (tangaran); # fari-fari (abinda bai kai fari sosai ba); # malfar-ungulu (wani tsiro ne); dss. A lura da kyau, idan muka dauki missali na farko, (malam-buda-mana-littafi) za mu ga yana nufin sunan wani abu wato (kafilfilo). Idan kuma ba a sa wannan alama ba a tsakankanin kalmomin (malam buda mana littafi) to rubutun ya zama wata jimla mai nufin umarni, maimakon kalma daya mai nufin sunan wani Kwaro. Wato, dalibai ne ke umartar malaminsu da ya buda masu littafi. Don haka, zamu fahimci cewa, idan an saka alamar, zancen ya zama Kalma daya kacal. Amma idan ba a sa alamar ba to rubutun ya zama jimla sukum. # Karin Missali, idan mutum yana rubutu a cikin takarda ko kan allo, sai aka fara rubuta wata kalma da ta zo a karshen layi sannan kuma ba ta karasu duka ba, sai a saka karan-dori ( - ) kuma a karasata a layi na kasa. ==1.7 Alamar baka-biyu / ( ) /== Wannan wata alama ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna karin bayani akan wata kalma, ko Jimla ko dai a kan wata maganar ta daban. Ga missalai nan kamar haka: * Yaron da aka kama da laifin kisan matar, 'yar uwa ce ga mahaifin yaron (Gwaggon yaron ce) * Gwamnan kano, Alh. Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya tura wakilinsa (Sunusi Nature) wajen Taron. * # Ni mutum ne mai son a sami zaman lafiya tsakanin Musulmai da wanda ba Musulmai ba (Kiristoci). ==1.8 Ayar Motsin-rai / ! /== Ayar Motsin-rai, wata alama ce da ke nuni da zaburar furuci cikin gaggawar kargafa murya. Hakan na faruwa ne yawanci a farkon bayyanar mury cikin Karfafawa, musamman a kalmomin; razana,mamaki, tausayi da kuma karfafar wata kalma a cikin wani zance na musamman. Alal Missali: '''Ah!, Wayyo!, Lah!, Innalillahi!, Kai!''' Da sauransu. Ga Karin missalai a cikin jimloli: * Saurayin na zuwa ya nuna mata kyautar bazatar da ya zo mata da ita. Sai ta cika da mamaki,sannan ta ja wani gwauron numfashi sanan ta ce, '''La!''' Amma ko na gode '''sosai!''' * A lokacin da yaron yake guje-guje cikin lalatattun Kujerun cikin ajin, sai ya taka kusa, ya ce, '''wayyo Allahna!''' jin haka malaminsu ya leko yana cewa, '''kai!''' Me ya faru. * Haba, yana lekowa cikkin dare sai ya ga wani duhu-duhu dab da shi. Aiko ya firgita ya ce '''waye nan!''' Yanzu sai mu lura cewa, a Missali na daya (1), mun yi amfani da '''Lah!''' da kuma '''sosai!'''. A Missali na biyu (2) kuma mun yi amfani da '''wayyo Allah!''' tare da '''kai!'''. Har illa yau a Missali na uku (3) kuma na karshe, mun yi amfani da '''waye nan!'''. Don haka, wadannan missalai, kadan ne daga cikin missalan '''ayar Motsin-rai / ! /''' Ko kuma inda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita. Sannan kuma, ya kamata a fahimci cewa, dole ne a sami karfafa murya a duk inda ake nufin '''ayar Motsin-rai,''' domin idan aka yi amfani da sanyin murya ma'ana ba za ta samu ba. ==1.9 Zarce / ... /== Zarce wata alama ce ta digo-dogo akalla guda uku (...), da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna ketare wata kalma ko Jimla a cikin rubutu. Ana samun missalai ta bangarori da dama, mussan a cikin karin magana, tsaallake gurbin amasa wata tambaya, dss. Missali: # '''Ban sa a ka ba,...''' A nan ba a bukatar karasa zancen ne, shi ya sa aka yi digo-dogon. Manufa a nan, duk Wanda aka yi wa karin maganar, ya karasa ma'anar a zuci ko ma a fili. Wto kenan sai ya karasa zuwa '''inji barawon tagiya''' # Haka kuma, akan saka wannan alama / ... /, a tsarin tambayar '''cikke tazara'''. Missali: * '''Sunan Babban birnin kasar Najeriya...''' a nana sai cike da '''Abuja''' ko makamancin haka. =='''2.0 Rabawa Da Haɗa Kalma'''== Raba kalma da hada kalma, abubuwa ne mabanbanta amma, masu alaka da juna. Da farko za mu dauki raba kalma. Kamar haka: ==2.1 Raba Kalma== raba kalma na nufin, barin kalma ta ci gashin kanta duk kankantarta Kuma duk girmanta. Hakan, na nufin a barkalma a matayita ba tare da an hade ta da wata ba, don kaucewa rasa ma'ana ta asali. Wato dai,kin raba kalmomin a inda ya ya dace, yana haifar da chanjawar ma'ana. Missali: * Shi ne, (kar a ce: shine) * Ita ce, (kar a ce: itace) * Wa ya je da su kasuwa? (Kar a ce: waya je dasu kasuwa?) * Ba ni na zo da shi ba, (kar a ce: bani nazo dashi ba) * Da ni da ku mu hada Kai, (kar a ce: Dani daku mu hadakai) A nan, idan muka Laura, mafi yawancin kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su, masu gaba dai-dai ne. Kuma kowacce an bar ta a matayinta. Don haka mu duba Missali na farko: '''Shi ne.''' Kalmar farko '''shi''' wakilin suna ce, Kalmar '''ce''' kuwa tana cikin wani aji na nahawu da ake cewa dirka. Don hak, idan aka hade su kamar '''Shine''' kalmomi biyu daban-daban an hade guri daya, don haka sun zama kalma daya ke nan, wacce kwata-kwata babu ita a Hausa sai a Turancin Ingilishi. Wacce ke nufin '''sheki''' a harshen Hausa. A Missali na hudu kuwa, ('''ba ni na zo da shi ba ''') za a fahimci cewa, kowacce kalma tana dauke da gaba daya ne. Kuma, duk da rashin tsawonsu,ba a hada wata da wata ba, domin kuwacce na cin gashin kanta. To hakan shi ne daidai. Inda kuwa an hada wata Kalmar da wata, ma'anarta za ta canza. Missali, idan aka hada '''da''' tare da '''shi,''' za su koma kalma daya kamar haka: '''dashi.''' kuma Kalmar tana nufin sunan wata itaciya ne. ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) ==2.2 Hade Kalma== Haɗe kalma na nufin, barin kowacce doguwar kalma yadda take, ba tare da an raba ta ba. (Ba daidai ba ne a raba kalma duk tawonta, kamar yadda ba daidai ba ne a hada wata kalma da wata, don an gansu guntaye.) Missali, a Kalmar: '''baragada,''' (wani abu mara tsari) wannan kalma ce mai gaba hudu, don haka doguwar kalma ce, amma duk da haka babu bukatar samun wata tazara a tsakaninsu. Don haka, idan kaka ce za raba ko bada tazara a wani bangare. In da za a raba Kalmar: '''bara gada''' a nan kalma daya ta zama kalma biyu kenan. Kalmar farko '''(bara)''' tana nufin, shekarar da ta gabata. Kalma ta biyun kuwa '''(gada)''' tana nufin sunan wata dabbar dawa ko Kuma (bridge) a turance. Don haka, mai rubutu ya lura da cewa, duk gajartar kalma dake dauke da gaba daya, ita ma kalma ce mai cin-gashin-kanta. Haka kuma, duk tsawon kalma, ko ta kai gaba biyar ko ma shida, ba a rage ta ko raba ta. Missali a ce: '''mazambaciya''' (tan da gaba biyar da harufa sha daya) =='''3.0 Shaddatun Tagwayen Harufan Hausa (Daurin tagwayen harufa)'''== Shadda na nufin nanata harafi sau biyu, wtau abinda ake kira dauri. Sannan kuma, muna da tagwayen harufa a harshen Hausa,kamar, '''gw, gy, fy,' sh.''' da sauransu. Wadannan tagwayen harufa ana daurinsu a yayin rubuta wasu kalmomi, kamar, Sha'''ssha'''ka. A nan ga missalan yadda ya kamata a rubuta su dalla-dalla: * fya'''ffy'''ade (ba fya'''fyfy'''ade ba) * Sha'''ssh'''aka (ba Sha'''shsh'''aka ba) * gwa'''ggw'''ale (ba gwa'''gwgw'''ale ba) * gya'''ggy'''ara (ba gya'''gygy'''ara ba) * kya'''kky'''awa (ba kya'''kyky'''awa ba) * tsa'''tts'''ewala (ba tsa'''tsts'''ewala ba) * kwa'''kkw'''afe (ba kwa'''kwkw'''afe ba) dss Idan mun lura za mu ga cewa, tagwayen harafin da aka daura ba a saka shi duka. Watau, farkon shi ake sa wa a cire gabansa. Missali, '''fy''', sai a cire '''y''' a bar '''f'''. Sannan sai a biyo baya da tagwan harafi mai wasali ('''fya'''). =='''4.0 Kalmomin Mallaka'''== Kalmomin Mallaka, wasu kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su wajen nuna faruwar mallaka a cikin rubutu. Game da ka'idojin rubun Hausa, an tanadar da hanyoyi biyu domin samar da rubutu mai inganci. Don haka, muna da gajerar mallaka da kuma doguwar mallaka. ===4.1 Gajerar Mallaka=== Gajerar mallaka, ita ake hade Kalmar abinda aka mallaka da wakilin sunan abin da aka mallaka da wakilin sunan wanda yai mallaka a guri daya.missli: gida+na= ('''gidana''') a nan za a fahimci cewa, kalmar 'gida' da kalmar 'na' an haɗa su a guri ɗaya sun zama kamar kalma guda. A kiyaye da cewa, gajerar mallaka haɗe ta ake yi. Don haka, akwai ƙarin missalai kamar haka: *Jakarta ba jakar ta ba; *ajinsu ba ajin su ba; *matata ba mata ta ba; *ɗakinki ba ɗakin ki ba; *motarka ba motar ka ba. *masallacinku ba Masallacin ku ba. Da sauransu. ==='''4.2 Doguwar Mallaka'''=== Ita doguwar mallaka, ba a haɗe ake rubuta ta ba. Wato ke nan, ana rabewa tsakanin abinda aka mallaka da kuma wakilin sunan mai mallaka. Ga missalai kamar haka: * Jakar tata * Ɗakin nasu * Wayar tawa * Littafin nashi * Gonar taku * Masallacin nawa * Takalmin namu Da haka, za mu kara fahimci cewa akwai banbanci tsakanin doguwar mallaka da gajerar mallaka. Mu tuna da missalin farko na doguwar. Wato "'''jakar tata'''" ma'ana, an rubuta "'''jakar'''" daban, ita ma, "'''tata'''" daban. idan kuma a gajerar mallaka ne sai a rubuta "'''jakarta'''" a haɗe. Wato dai ana haɗa "'''jakar'''" da kuma "'''ta'''" a haɗe ('''jakarta''') =='''5.0 Jakada 'W' da Dafa-keya 'W' '''== A tsarin ka'idojin rubun Hausa akwai abinda ake kira 'w' jakadiya da kuma 'w' dafa-keya. Wannan sautuka iri daya kuma masu sautuka iri daya. Sai dai muhallin rubuta su ne kawai ya bambanta, duk da cewa akan sami kowacce a gaban wata kalma ta daban, musamman a cikin jimloli == Manazararta== 8n01tkwfq0ouqtykgl0oeuimpc0aa5g 0 63306 890147 873785 2026-08-01T14:23:16Z BnHamid 12586 sanya databox using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 890147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Rayuwar sa == {{Infobox}} An haifi farfesa Auwalu Uba ne a shekarar 1964 miladiya 18 ga watan [[Fabrairu]], a garin Hardawa wanda yakƙ garamar hukumar Misau na Jihar Bauchi ƙ gasan [[Najeriya]]. Wanda yanzu yana zaune ne ƙ gasar ta [[Najeriya]] a garin na Bauchƙ garamar Hukumar Misau. == Karatun sa == Ya fara karatu a Makarantar Central primary school Hardawa a shekarar 1972 zuwa 1978 sannan ya tafi zuwa Government School Misau daga shekarar 1978 zuwa 1982, Daga nan ne yasamu takardar chanjin makaranta zuwa Government Science Secondary School Azare a shekarar 1982 kuma a nanne ya kammala karatun sakandari a shekarar 1983. Farfesa yayi makarantar Basic Studies (SBS) Ta [[Zariya|Zaria]] daga shekarar 1983 zuwa 1984; Sa'annan yasamu Damar shiga Makarantar ta Ahmadu Bello University [[Zariya|Zaria]], A bangaren kimiyya na Karatun ƙananun Halittu (Microbiology). Kuma ya kammala digirin sane a shekarar 1987.<ref name=":0">="https://arewaaffairs.blogspot.com/2017/12/profile-of-new-vc-of-basug-prof-auwal.html?m=1">https://arewaaffairs.blogspot.com/2017/12/profile-of-new-vc-of-basug-prof-auwal.html?m=1</ref> Yayi Bautan ƙasar sane a General Hospital Katsina, na Garin [[Katsina (jiha)|Kastina]] a Najeriya, yayi Digiri na biyu (Masters) a University na Maiduguri a shekarar 1992, Sannan kuma yayi PHD a Medical Microbiology a shekarar 2004 a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. Ya cigaba da ziyartar wadansu manazarta a Jami'ar Wales, Swansea a Engila daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2001, Ya fara matakinsa na matsayin Graduate Assistants a shekarar 1989 tare da jami'ar Maiduguri, A watan [[Yuli]] na shekarar 1995 ya fara aiki a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] a matsayin Lakchara 2, Ya zama lakchara 1 a shekarar1998 sannan kuma ya zama Associate Farfesa a shekarar 2004 sannan kuma ya zama Farfesa a shekarar 2007. Sanan daga nan ne ya samu damar zama Vice chancellor a Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi mai suna BASUG. Kuma mamba ne a American Society of Microbiology, Applied Microbiology na United Kingdom da kuma Nigerian society of Microbiology. <ref name=":0">="https://arewaaffairs.blogspot.com/2017/12/profile-of-new-vc-of-basug-prof-auwal.html?m=1"</ref> == Aikin sa == Farfesa Ma'aikacin gwamnatine a fannin koyarwa wanda yakai matakin farfesa a bangaren (Microbiology) Kuma ya riƙe mastayi daban daban a gwamnati<ref><nowiki>https://africaprimenews.com/2021/11/prof-auwal-uba-bags-award-for-excellence-as-bauchi-state-univ-emerges-centre-of-excellence/?amp=1</nowiki></ref> == Matakan da ya riƙe A Jami'a == # Mai Kula da Jarabawa (Exams Officer) # Mamba (Departmental post graduate committee) # Mamba (Student welfare Board A.T.B.U) # Mamba (University Senate A.T.B.U) # Mamba (Senate exams misconduct committee A.T.B.U) # Shugaban kula da Dalibai (Dean Student Affairs) # Shugaban Dept (HOD Biological science) # Darecta a (Endowment) A.T.B.U # VICE CHANCELLOR BASUG <references group="https://arewaaffairs.blogspot.com/2017/12/profile-of-new-vc-of-basug-prof-auwal.html?m=1" /> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Biography with signature]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] ieh4ipv2kdnz2zq50obvp993v4jwgqe 0 66548 890479 356796 2026-08-02T09:27:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zonkwa''' ( Jju : A̱zunkwa) [[ƙaramar hukuma|ƙaramar hukumar]] [[Zangon Kataf]] ce da kuma hedikwatar masarautar [[Jama'a Jju|Bajju]], a kudancin [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a yankin [[Tsakiyar Najeriya|Middle Belt]] a [[Najeriya]].<ref name=MD>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2317630.html |title=Zonkwa, Zonkwa, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria |website=mindat.org |access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref> == Nazarin Ƙasa == === Tsarin ƙasa === Zonkwa ya kunshi fadin yanki tsayin mita 798.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/00/Zonkwa.html |title=Zonkwa |website=Falling Grain |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128032409/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/00/Zonkwa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Yanayi === Zonkwa na da matsakaicin yanayin zafin shekara na kusan kashi {{Convert|24.8|C|F}}, matsakaicin tsayi na shekara kusan kashi {{Convert|28.6|C|F}} na ma'aunin selshiyos da mafi ƙaranci da ake samu na kashi {{Convert|18.8|C|F}}, tare da ruwan dai dai gwargwado a ƙarshe da farkon shekara. Sai hazo na shekara kusan kashi {{Convert|28.1|mm|in}}, da matsakaicin zafi na 53.7%, kwatankwacin na garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da [[Kagoro]], [[Manchok]], da [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]].<ref name=WWO/> {{Weather box |location = Zonkwa (798m altitude) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 31 |Feb record high C = 33 |Mar record high C = 34 |Apr record high C = 34 |May record high C = 31 |Jun record high C = 29 |Jul record high C = 26 |Aug record high C = 25 |Sep record high C = 27 |Oct record high C = 29 |Nov record high C = 30 |Dec record high C = 29 |year record high C = 29.8 |Jan high C = 29 |Feb high C = 32 |Mar high C = 34 |Apr high C = 33 |May high C = 30 |Jun high C = 27 |Jul high C = 24 |Aug high C = 22 |Sep high C = 24 |Oct high C = 28 |Nov high C = 29 |Dec high C = 31 |year high C = 28.6 |Jan mean C = 24 |Feb mean C= 26 |Mar mean C = 29 |Apr mean C = 29 |May mean C = 26 |Jun mean C = 24 |Jul mean C = 21 |Aug mean C = 20 |Sep mean C = 22 |Oct mean C = 25 |Nov mean C = 25 |Dec mean C = 26 |year mean C = 24.8 |Jan low C = 15 |Feb low C = 17 |Mar low C = 21 |Apr low C = 22 |May low C = 20 |Jun low C = 19 |Jul low C = 18 |Aug low C = 17 |Sep low C = 18 |Oct low C = 20 |Nov low C = 19 |Dec low C = 19 |year low C = 18.8 |Jan record low C = 14 |Feb record low C = 16 |Mar record low C = 20 |Apr record low C = 21 |May record low C = 21 |Jun record low C = 20 |Jul record low C = 19 |Aug record low C = 18 |Sep record low C = 19 |Oct record low C = 19 |Nov record low C = 18 |Dec record low C = 15 |year record low C = 18.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 0 |Feb precipitation mm = 1 |Mar precipitation mm = 3.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 13.5 |May precipitation mm = 35.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 54.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 71.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 69 |Sep precipitation mm = 60.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 29.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 0.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 0 |year precipitation mm = 28.1 |Jan precipitation days = 0 |Feb precipitation days = 1 |Mar precipitation days = 4 |Apr precipitation days = 12 |May precipitation days = 23 |Jun precipitation days = 28 |Jul precipitation days = 31 |Aug precipitation days = 30 |Sep precipitation days = 29 |Oct precipitation days = 18 |Nov precipitation days = 0 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = 14.7 |Jan humidity =24 |Feb humidity =18 |Mar humidity =28 |Apr humidity =48 |May humidity =66 |Jun humidity =80 |Jul humidity =88 |Aug humidity =90 |Sep humidity =86 |Oct humidity =61 |Nov humidity =32 |Dec humidity =23 |year humidity =53.7 |source 1 =World Weather Online<ref name=WWO> {{Cite web |url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/zonkwa-weather-averages/kaduna/ng.aspx |title=Zonkwa Monthly Climate Averages, Kaduna, NG |publisher=World Weather Online |access-date=January 21, 2020}}</ref> }} == Alkaluma == === Mutane === ==== 'Yan asali ==== ==== Sauran ==== Sauran ƙungiyoyin da aka samu a cikin manyan al'umma sun hada da [[Katafawa|Atyap]], [[Inyamurai|Igbo]], [[Mutanen Bakulu|Bakulu]], [[Hausawa|Hausa]], [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]], [[Mutanen Kamantan|Anghan]], da sauran al'ummar Najeriya. ==== Rukunin gudanarwa ==== Zonkwa sashin gudanarwa ne na oda na biyu tare da garuruwa/kauyuka 10 masu zuwa:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-9412195.html|title=Zonkwa, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria|website=Mindat.org|access-date=May 15, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.streetmap.com.ng/zonkwa|title=Zonkwa, Street Map of Nigeria|website=Streetmap|access-date=May 15, 2022}}</ref> * Zonkwa * [[Samaru Kataf]] ([[Tyap language|Tyap]]: Cenkwon) * Madauci * Masat * Fadiya Yadsanu * Fadiya Mugu * Fadiya Busan * Fadiya Bakut * Fadan Kaje * Ungwan Gaya == Fitattun mutane == * [[Katung Aduwak]], mai ɗaukar hoto * [[Nuhu Bature]], Mai martaba Sarki == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin ƙauyuka a jihar Kaduna|Jerin kauyukan jihar Kaduna]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na Waje== {{Commons category|Zonkwa}} [[category:Jihar Kaduna]] 1hv1m32gx2l89mesyuf74lwh1vxofm0 0 67273 890293 531655 2026-08-01T20:38:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Queen mother Ikuoyemwen of The Benin Kingdom (Iyoba N' Uselu).jpg|thumb|Hutun mutum mutumin sarauniyan garin Uselu na najeria ]] [[Fayil:Queen mother Ikuoyemwen of The Benin Kingdom (Iyoba N' Uselu).jpg|thumb|usulu kingdom]] [[Fayil:Uselu Road.jpg|thumb|uselu road]] Uselu yanki ne mai yawan jama'a a cikin garin Benin, jihar Edo, Najeriya. Hedikwatar karamar hukumar Egor ce.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edoaffairs.com/local-governments-edo-state/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-16 |archive-date=2023-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128232559/https://edoaffairs.com/local-governments-edo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uselu wuri ne na filin gargajiya na gidan Edaiken N'Uselu (Duke of Uselu) da kuma fadar Iyoba na Benin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/benin-tradition-in-focus-as-crown-prince-eheneden-becomes-edaiken-nuselu/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-16 |archive-date=2024-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116194908/https://guardian.ng/news/benin-tradition-in-focus-as-crown-prince-eheneden-becomes-edaiken-nuselu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Lokacin da Sarki Ozolua ya mutu a karni na goma sha biyar, ya bar 'ya'ya maza biyu don jayayya da gadon sarauta: Esigie ne ke iko da Benin City, babban birni na masarautar, yayin da ɗan'uwansa Arhuaran ke zaune a Udo - wani muhimmin wurin zama na lardi mai nisan mil 20. Babu wani basarake da ya shirya yin biyayya ga ɗayan, ba da daɗewa ba ’yan bangar suka ayyana ɗaya ko ɗaya, kuma Benin ta faɗa cikin yaƙin basasa jim kaɗan bayan haka. Ganin damar da aka samu na amfani da wannan lamarin, al'ummar Igala vassal zuwa yanzu sun ayyana 'yancin kansu daga Benin tare da kwace wani yanki na arewacinta. A cikin tsawon mako guda, Esigie ya sami kansa da abin da a yanzu ya zama kamar ɓarkewar masarautar mahaifinsa. Mahaifiyarsa, Idia, ana jin cewa ta tsaya a bayansa a wannan lokacin. Ta yin aiki a matsayin komai daga mai ba shi shawara har zuwa firist ɗinsa, ta haɗu da Binis - ciki har da da yawa waɗanda suka goyi bayan Arhuaran - zuwa matsayin Esigie. Bayan sun ƙulla yarjejeniya da ɗan gidanta, sarakunan biyu sun mai da hankalinsu ga ’yan tawayen Igala. Bayan yakin neman zabe, an dawo da martabar Benin, kuma sojojin da suka yi nasara - tare da Esigie da Idia a kan gaba - sun koma babban birnin kasar cikin nasara. Domin godiya ga kokarin mahaifiyarsa a madadinsa, Sarki Esigie ya kirkiro wani sabon ofishi - na Iyoba - domin ta zauna. A yanzu haka dai ta yi daidai da manyan hakimai na fadar sarki, ita ma Iyoba an gina nata fadar a cikin garin Uselu, wanda daga nan aka rataya sunan ta a matsayin fiffike na dindindin. Ita ce mace ta farko a tarihin Benin da ta samu irin wannan iko.<ref>https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pwmn_3/hd_pwmn_3.htm</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Kasuwar Uselu na daga cikin manyan kasuwanni a birnin Benin, kuma tana da shaguna har 5,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://guardian.ng/tag/uselu-market/ |access-date=2024-01-16 |archive-date=2021-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814161258/https://guardian.ng/tag/uselu-market/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hakanan cibiya ce ga kamfanoni na kamfanoni kamar bankuna da sarƙoƙin abinci masu sauri Uselu yana da yawan ayyukan ƙungiyoyi, kashe-kashen asiri, da fashi da makami. A yawancin lokuta, lokutan amsa 'yan sanda ba su da kyau a hankali, kuma yawanci suna samun sukar jama'a.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/426176-many-killed-as-cult-groups-fight-in-benin.html</ref> == Ambaliyar ruwa == Titin Uselu-Lagos dai na fama da ambaliyar ruwa, kuma mazauna yankin sun tuntubi gwamnati kan damuwar su, amma har yanzu ba a shawo kan lamarin ba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.itvradiong.com/all-news/flood-takes-over-uselu-lagos-road-in-benin/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-16 |archive-date=2024-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116193809/https://www.itvradiong.com/all-news/flood-takes-over-uselu-lagos-road-in-benin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Magana == f6twfqdvg189570crfk8e9lkk24jl6e 0 68971 890204 413595 2026-08-01T15:14:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Therapy''''' wasan kwaikwayo ne da akayi shi da harshen Ingilishi a ƙasar Kamaru a cikin shekara ta 2021 wanda Ermelinde Simo Jing Sakah da Sakah Antoine suka shirya kuma Anurin Nwunembom da Musing Derick suka ba da umarni tare da [[Ermelinde Simo Jing Sakah]] [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]], [[Iretiola Doyle]], Alenne Menget, [[Syndy Emade]], Oba Luciesy Memba Ndula, Kayla Merits, Ngong Yvette, Nchana Basil da Neba Godwill Awantu. An samo shi kuma aka watsa shi akan [[Netflix]] a ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2021, wanda ya zama fim ɗin Kamaru na farko da aka nuna akan Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 March 2021|title=Cameroonian movie Therapy airs on Netflix today|url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroonian-movie-therapy-airs-on-netflix-today/|access-date=23 July 2021|website=Journal du Cameroun|language=fr}}</ref> An fitar da fim ɗin a duk ƙasashen da ke magana da harshen Ingilishi a ranar 14 ga watan Yuli 2021. == Labarin fim == ''Therapy'' labarin ne na ma'aurata marasa aiki waɗanda ke ɗaukar sabis na ma'aikatan jinya marasa al'ada a ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin aure. Labarin gaba ɗaya yana magana ne game da rashin iyawar mutum don haifar da yara a cikin yanayin Afirka. Malam Lima ya kusa rasa ransa kan ciwon zuciyar matarsa. Hanyoyin Dr. Benedicta suna jagorantar ma'auratan don gano gaskiyar da ke barazana ga ma'auratan. == 'Yan wasa == * Ermelinde Simo S. Jing ita ce Misis Lima née Loveline Ngum, wacce ta kafa gidauniyar Lima, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ta mayar da hankali wajen taimaka wa mata masu bukata. * [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]] shine Mista Dobgima Anthony Lima, manajan kula da ma'aikata na damuwa wanda ya yanke shawarar zama a gida tare da tallafawa matarsa da ke cikin damuwa. * [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] Dokta Ngole Benedicta ce, mai ilimin halin ɗan Adam tare da gudanar da ayyukan sirri * Alene Menget shi ne Nguni Maxwell, ɗan kasuwa kuma babban aboki tare da Mista Lima * Lucie Memba Bos shine Dora Musi. Ma'aikatan gidauniyar Lima kuma aminiyar Mrs. Lima wadda mijinta ya rasu. * Neba Godwill Awantu Dr. Ndive Franklin MD (Urologist) * [[Syndy Emade]] ita ce Mrs. Ndive Laura. Uwargidan Dr. Ndive * Kayla Merits ita ce Nabila Lima 'yar watanni 6/7 da haihuwa samfurin jaririn Lima na yanayin da ke haifar da bakin ciki Misis Lima * Misis Obasy Ndula ita ce Mrs. Che Niba (Madam Delegue), kanwar Misis Lima kuma waliyya. * Ngong Yvette Ngoinjang ita ce Nanny 'yar Lima * Nchana Basil shine sauran majinyacin Dr. Benedicta. == Shiryawa == Ermelinde Simo Jing Sakah da Sakah Antoine ne suka shirya fim ɗin da SAM. Netflix ya sami haƙƙin rarrabawa a ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 March 2021|title='Therapy' starring RMD, Ireti Doyle makes history as first Cameroonian film on Netflix|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/therapy-movie-makes-history-as-first-cameroonian-film-on-netflix/v8d48d2|access-date=23 July 2021|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506180306/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/therapy-movie-makes-history-as-first-cameroonian-film-on-netflix/v8d48d2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Neba|first=Kathy|date=4 March 2021|title=Cameroon Movie Industry : "Therapy" and "Fisherman's Diary" on Netflix|url=https://www.crtv.cm/2021/03/cameroon-movie-industry-therapy-and-fishermans-diary-on-netflix/|access-date=24 July 2021|website=Cameroon Radio Television|language=fr-FR|archive-date=24 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724063054/https://www.crtv.cm/2021/03/cameroon-movie-industry-therapy-and-fishermans-diary-on-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sakewa == A ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2021, fim ɗin ya kasance yana yawo akan Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 March 2021|title=Cameroonians Hail "Therapy" Team after Netflix Appearance|url=https://www.crtv.cm/2021/03/cameroonians-hail-therapy-team-after-netflix-appearance/|access-date=24 July 2021|website=Cameroon Radio Television|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin fina-finan Kamaru == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] b2897e4qr0n2vrjr6si87hysuei78q0 0 69427 890125 881859 2026-08-01T13:03:38Z Sayeson29 47409 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347133790|The Wedding Party (2016 film)]]" 890125 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>The Wedding Party wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na soyayya na Najeriya na 2016 wanda [[Kemi Adetiba]] ta jagoranta. An fara shi ne a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2016 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a [[Kanada]] kuma a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2016 a Eko Hotel da Suites a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. An saki fim din a duk duniya a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2016, kuma ya zama [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|Fim din Najeriya mafi girma]]; <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2017-02-04 |title='Wedding Party' Fuels Record Nigerian Box Office Despite Ailing Economy |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/global/wedding-party-fuels-record-nigerian-box-office-despite-ailing-economy-1201977878/ |access-date=2020-10-05 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> rikodin da Omo Ghetto ya karya a shekarar 2021: The Saga .  The Wedding Party wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na soyayya na Najeriya na 2016 wanda [[Kemi Adetiba]] ta jagoranta. An fara shi ne a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2016 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a [[Kanada]] kuma a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2016 a Eko Hotel da Suites a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. An saki fim din a duk duniya a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2016, kuma ya zama [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|Fim din Najeriya mafi girma]]; <ref name=":0" /> rikodin da Omo Ghetto ya karya a shekarar 2021: The Saga . A ranar bikin auren tsakanin Dunni Coker mai shekaru 24 mai mallakar gidan zane-zane wanda shine kawai 'yar Injiniya Bamidele da Mrs. Tinuade Coker, da kuma ɗan kasuwa na IT Dozie Onwuka, wanda ya fito ne daga iyali mai arziki sosai. Mahaifiyarsa, Lady Obianuju Onwuka, ta dauki ɗanta yana yin aure a ƙarƙashin kansa. A safiyar kafin bikin auren, an shirya bikin aure kuma mai shirya bikin auren, Wonu yana ƙoƙarin yin komai cikakke ga abokan cinikinta masu arziki. A halin yanzu, iyayen amarya da dangin mata sun yi fushi da barin sunan Tinuade Coker a cikin sanarwar a cikin takarda, kuma iyayen ango suna ba da karin kumallo yayin da mahaifiyar ke magana da rashin jin daɗi game da dangin Coker ga abokanta kuma tana da sanyi sosai ga mijinta, Cif Felix Onwuka. Abokan mata sun yi wa Dunni ba'a game da rashin kwarewar jima'i, kuma abokan maza na Dozie suna ba'a da shi game da bikin ba'a na daren da ya gabata. Mutumin da ya fi dacewa ya kasance a cikin hatsari bayan jam'iyyar bachelor, kuma an zabi Sola marar alhakin a matsayin maye gurbinsa. A lokacin bikin auren, baƙi da dangi suna farin ciki, ban da Obianuju Onwuka wanda ya ki yin kulawa, ga kunyar Felix. Bayan haka, yayin da motocin ke tafiya daga bikin zuwa jam'iyyar, Dunni ya sami takalma biyu na mata a cikin aljihun jaket din Dozie, kuma ya yi fushi. Ya shawo kanta cewa an dasa su a can, watakila ta daya daga cikin abokansa, kuma sun isa wurin liyafar. Rashin jituwa ya taso tsakanin iyaye biyu game da wane rukuni ya kamata ya shiga ɗakin cin abinci da farko; a ƙarshe, Onwukas, kasancewa dangin da suka fi arziki, sun sami shigarwa ta farko. Abincin dare yana da rabon abubuwan kunya, ciki har da Tinuade Coker bayan ya hayar wani mai dafa abinci na Yoruba na gida don dafa madadin menu mai kyau wanda Obianuju Onwuka ya kafa. Lokacin da Sola ya ba da jawabin mutumin da ya fi dacewa, ba zato ba tsammani ya nuna bidiyon daga daren doki maimakon bidiyon da Dozie ya shirya don taron, kuma Dunni mai wulakanci ya bar dakin bayan ya ga abin da ya yi kama da Dozie ba ta aminci a gare ta ba. Ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin budurwar Dozie, Rosie, ta sadu da ita a waje da dakin, wacce ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi jima'i da Dozie a farkon wannan rana - a zahiri, Rosie ta yi ƙoƙari ta yaudare shi amma ta kasa. Dunni ya ɓace daga wurin a cikin taksi. Dozie, babban ɗan'uwansa Nonso, da rukunin iyaye biyu sun tashi don neman Dunni amma ɓarawo wanda ya sami damar shiga cikin dakin tare da kyaututtuka na bikin aure ya riƙe su da bindiga. Yanayin tashin hankali ya sa ma'aurata su buɗe wa juna, tare da mahaifiyar Dozie ta furta wa mijinta yadda ba ta farin ciki game da al'amuransa da matasan mata, kuma mahaifin Dunni ya yarda cewa kamfaninsa ya rasa duk kuɗin sa. Ma'aurata sun sulhunta, kuma Nonso ya sami nasarar mamaye ɓarawo kuma ya ɗauki bindigarsa. Dozie ya tafi cikin mota tare da Sola don neman Dunni, kuma ya shawo kanta cewa bai karya alkawarinsu na tsabtar juna ba. Sun koma bikin auren don yin rawa har sai da daddare. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Adesua Etomi]] a matsayin Dunni Coker (The Bride) * [[Banky W|Banky Wellington]] a matsayin Dozie Onwuka (The Groom) * [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]] a matsayin Cif Felix Onwuka (Uba na ango) * [[Sola Sobowale]] a matsayin Mrs. Tinuade Coker (Uwar amarya) * [[Iretiola Doyle]] a matsayin Lady Obianuju Onwuka (Uwar ango) * [[Alibaba Akpobome|Alibaba Akporobome]] a matsayin Injiniya Bamidele Coker (Uba na Bride) * [[Zainab Balogun]] a matsayin Wonu (The Wedding Planner) * [[Enyinna Nwigwe]] a matsayin Nonso Onwuka (Ɗan'uwan ango) * [[Somkele Iyamah|Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama]] a matsayin Yemisi Disu (Mace mai daraja) * [[Beverly Naya]] a matsayin Rosie (tsohuwar budurwa taroom) * Daniella Down a matsayin Deadre Winston (Bridesmaid) * Afeez Oyetoro a matsayin Ayanmale * [[Ikechukwu|Ikechukwu Onunaku]] a matsayin Sola (Mutumin da ya fi dacewa) * [[Ayo Makun|AY Makun]] a matsayin MC * Emmanuel Edunjobi a matsayin Woli (Priest) * [[Frank Donga|Kunle Idowu]] a matsayin Harrison * [[Jumoke George]] a matsayin Iya Michael * [[Sambasa Nzeribe]] a matsayin Lukman Fim din ya fito ne daga ELFIKE Film Collective . [[Kemi Adetiba]] ce ta ba da umarni. Kungiyar fina-finai ta ELFIKE haɗin gwiwa ne na manyan gidaje huɗu a Najeriya: EbonyLife Films, FilmOne Distribution, [[Inkblot Productions]] da Koga Studios, bi da bi. Fim din ya fara ne a Toronto a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2016 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto (TIFF). == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == Jam'iyyar Wedding ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu sukar. A cewar Chidumga Izuzu na Pulse Nigeria, "Fim ne mai ban dariya wanda ya shirya don nishaɗi. Fim din ba ya ƙoƙarin shiga cikin nau'o'i da yawa kamar aiki, mai ban tsoro, laifi, kasada, ko takardun shaida duk a lokaci guda. Ba ya saita ya zama mai zurfi kuma yana sa ka ji 'mai ƙarfi'. Ya fahimci nau'in da aka zaɓa, kuma yana manne da shi. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |title="The Wedding Party" assembles needed features for a perfect laugh-out-loud comedy |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/pulse-movie-review-the-wedding-party-assembles-needed-features-for-a-perfect-laugh-out-loud-comedy-id5904763.html}}</ref> Nollywood Reinvented ya kimanta fim din kashi 54% kuma ya bayyana cewa, "A matsayin mai son fim, zan sake kallon wannan a cikin kwanaki 7 masu zuwa. A matsayin mai sukar... da zarar mun wuce jam'iyyar biki ne na cuku. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2017 |title=The Wedding Party Review |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2017/02/the-wedding-party.html |access-date=13 August 2018 |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> Courtney Small ta Cinema Axis ta bayyana cewa, "The Wedding Party bazai ba da mamaki da yawa daga ra'ayi na labari ba, amma babu musanta cewa fim din mai jin daɗi ne. Samar da dariya da yawa na ciki, ba zai yiwu a bar fim din ba tare da babban murmushi a fuskar mutum ba. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2016 |title=TIFF 2016: The Wedding Party |url=https://cinemaaxis.com/2016/09/19/tiff-2016-the-wedding-party/}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ynaija yana da wannan don faɗi game da [[Kemi Adetiba]] da rawar da ta taka a matsayin darektan; "Baya ga wasu ja flags, kamar jawabin bikin aure mai ƙarfi na mahaifin ango misali, haves da haves ba su da wani makirci da ya shafi Sambassa Nzeribe, da kuma duk kasancewar Hafiz Oyetoro's gate crashing hali, Adetiba yana ci gaba da abubuwa motsawa da sauri".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2016 |title=Movie review: The Wedding Party is an extended music video. But is it fun? » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/movie-review-wedding-party-extended-music-video-fun/}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure]], 2017 * [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma]] * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2016|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2016]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ftzv8m1f0jhoxmwp6itzorujqtxkbxm 890203 890125 2026-08-01T15:03:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890203 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>The Wedding Party wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na soyayya na Najeriya na 2016 wanda [[Kemi Adetiba]] ta jagoranta. An fara shi ne a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2016 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a [[Kanada]] kuma a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2016 a Eko Hotel da Suites a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. An saki fim din a duk duniya a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2016, kuma ya zama [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|Fim din Najeriya mafi girma]]; <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2017-02-04 |title='Wedding Party' Fuels Record Nigerian Box Office Despite Ailing Economy |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/global/wedding-party-fuels-record-nigerian-box-office-despite-ailing-economy-1201977878/ |access-date=2020-10-05 |website=Variety |language=en}}</ref> rikodin da Omo Ghetto ya karya a shekarar 2021: The Saga .  The Wedding Party wani wasan kwaikwayo ne na soyayya na Najeriya na 2016 wanda [[Kemi Adetiba]] ta jagoranta. An fara shi ne a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2016 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a [[Kanada]] kuma a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2016 a Eko Hotel da Suites a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. An saki fim din a duk duniya a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2016, kuma ya zama [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|Fim din Najeriya mafi girma]]; <ref name=":0" /> rikodin da Omo Ghetto ya karya a shekarar 2021: The Saga . A ranar bikin auren tsakanin Dunni Coker mai shekaru 24 mai mallakar gidan zane-zane wanda shine kawai 'yar Injiniya Bamidele da Mrs. Tinuade Coker, da kuma ɗan kasuwa na IT Dozie Onwuka, wanda ya fito ne daga iyali mai arziki sosai. Mahaifiyarsa, Lady Obianuju Onwuka, ta dauki ɗanta yana yin aure a ƙarƙashin kansa. A safiyar kafin bikin auren, an shirya bikin aure kuma mai shirya bikin auren, Wonu yana ƙoƙarin yin komai cikakke ga abokan cinikinta masu arziki. A halin yanzu, iyayen amarya da dangin mata sun yi fushi da barin sunan Tinuade Coker a cikin sanarwar a cikin takarda, kuma iyayen ango suna ba da karin kumallo yayin da mahaifiyar ke magana da rashin jin daɗi game da dangin Coker ga abokanta kuma tana da sanyi sosai ga mijinta, Cif Felix Onwuka. Abokan mata sun yi wa Dunni ba'a game da rashin kwarewar jima'i, kuma abokan maza na Dozie suna ba'a da shi game da bikin ba'a na daren da ya gabata. Mutumin da ya fi dacewa ya kasance a cikin hatsari bayan jam'iyyar bachelor, kuma an zabi Sola marar alhakin a matsayin maye gurbinsa. A lokacin bikin auren, baƙi da dangi suna farin ciki, ban da Obianuju Onwuka wanda ya ki yin kulawa, ga kunyar Felix. Bayan haka, yayin da motocin ke tafiya daga bikin zuwa jam'iyyar, Dunni ya sami takalma biyu na mata a cikin aljihun jaket din Dozie, kuma ya yi fushi. Ya shawo kanta cewa an dasa su a can, watakila ta daya daga cikin abokansa, kuma sun isa wurin liyafar. Rashin jituwa ya taso tsakanin iyaye biyu game da wane rukuni ya kamata ya shiga ɗakin cin abinci da farko; a ƙarshe, Onwukas, kasancewa dangin da suka fi arziki, sun sami shigarwa ta farko. Abincin dare yana da rabon abubuwan kunya, ciki har da Tinuade Coker bayan ya hayar wani mai dafa abinci na Yoruba na gida don dafa madadin menu mai kyau wanda Obianuju Onwuka ya kafa. Lokacin da Sola ya ba da jawabin mutumin da ya fi dacewa, ba zato ba tsammani ya nuna bidiyon daga daren doki maimakon bidiyon da Dozie ya shirya don taron, kuma Dunni mai wulakanci ya bar dakin bayan ya ga abin da ya yi kama da Dozie ba ta aminci a gare ta ba. Ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin budurwar Dozie, Rosie, ta sadu da ita a waje da dakin, wacce ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi jima'i da Dozie a farkon wannan rana - a zahiri, Rosie ta yi ƙoƙari ta yaudare shi amma ta kasa. Dunni ya ɓace daga wurin a cikin taksi. Dozie, babban ɗan'uwansa Nonso, da rukunin iyaye biyu sun tashi don neman Dunni amma ɓarawo wanda ya sami damar shiga cikin dakin tare da kyaututtuka na bikin aure ya riƙe su da bindiga. Yanayin tashin hankali ya sa ma'aurata su buɗe wa juna, tare da mahaifiyar Dozie ta furta wa mijinta yadda ba ta farin ciki game da al'amuransa da matasan mata, kuma mahaifin Dunni ya yarda cewa kamfaninsa ya rasa duk kuɗin sa. Ma'aurata sun sulhunta, kuma Nonso ya sami nasarar mamaye ɓarawo kuma ya ɗauki bindigarsa. Dozie ya tafi cikin mota tare da Sola don neman Dunni, kuma ya shawo kanta cewa bai karya alkawarinsu na tsabtar juna ba. Sun koma bikin auren don yin rawa har sai da daddare. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Adesua Etomi]] a matsayin Dunni Coker (The Bride) * [[Banky W|Banky Wellington]] a matsayin Dozie Onwuka (The Groom) * [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]] a matsayin Cif Felix Onwuka (Uba na ango) * [[Sola Sobowale]] a matsayin Mrs. Tinuade Coker (Uwar amarya) * [[Iretiola Doyle]] a matsayin Lady Obianuju Onwuka (Uwar ango) * [[Alibaba Akpobome|Alibaba Akporobome]] a matsayin Injiniya Bamidele Coker (Uba na Bride) * [[Zainab Balogun]] a matsayin Wonu (The Wedding Planner) * [[Enyinna Nwigwe]] a matsayin Nonso Onwuka (Ɗan'uwan ango) * [[Somkele Iyamah|Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama]] a matsayin Yemisi Disu (Mace mai daraja) * [[Beverly Naya]] a matsayin Rosie (tsohuwar budurwa taroom) * Daniella Down a matsayin Deadre Winston (Bridesmaid) * Afeez Oyetoro a matsayin Ayanmale * [[Ikechukwu|Ikechukwu Onunaku]] a matsayin Sola (Mutumin da ya fi dacewa) * [[Ayo Makun|AY Makun]] a matsayin MC * Emmanuel Edunjobi a matsayin Woli (Priest) * [[Frank Donga|Kunle Idowu]] a matsayin Harrison * [[Jumoke George]] a matsayin Iya Michael * [[Sambasa Nzeribe]] a matsayin Lukman Fim din ya fito ne daga ELFIKE Film Collective . [[Kemi Adetiba]] ce ta ba da umarni. Kungiyar fina-finai ta ELFIKE haɗin gwiwa ne na manyan gidaje huɗu a Najeriya: EbonyLife Films, FilmOne Distribution, [[Inkblot Productions]] da Koga Studios, bi da bi. Fim din ya fara ne a Toronto a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2016 a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto (TIFF). == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == Jam'iyyar Wedding ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu sukar. A cewar Chidumga Izuzu na Pulse Nigeria, "Fim ne mai ban dariya wanda ya shirya don nishaɗi. Fim din ba ya ƙoƙarin shiga cikin nau'o'i da yawa kamar aiki, mai ban tsoro, laifi, kasada, ko takardun shaida duk a lokaci guda. Ba ya saita ya zama mai zurfi kuma yana sa ka ji 'mai ƙarfi'. Ya fahimci nau'in da aka zaɓa, kuma yana manne da shi. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |title="The Wedding Party" assembles needed features for a perfect laugh-out-loud comedy |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/pulse-movie-review-the-wedding-party-assembles-needed-features-for-a-perfect-laugh-out-loud-comedy-id5904763.html |access-date=2026-08-01 |archive-date=2017-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711182744/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/pulse-movie-review-the-wedding-party-assembles-needed-features-for-a-perfect-laugh-out-loud-comedy-id5904763.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nollywood Reinvented ya kimanta fim din kashi 54% kuma ya bayyana cewa, "A matsayin mai son fim, zan sake kallon wannan a cikin kwanaki 7 masu zuwa. A matsayin mai sukar... da zarar mun wuce jam'iyyar biki ne na cuku. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2017 |title=The Wedding Party Review |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2017/02/the-wedding-party.html |access-date=13 August 2018 |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> Courtney Small ta Cinema Axis ta bayyana cewa, "The Wedding Party bazai ba da mamaki da yawa daga ra'ayi na labari ba, amma babu musanta cewa fim din mai jin daɗi ne. Samar da dariya da yawa na ciki, ba zai yiwu a bar fim din ba tare da babban murmushi a fuskar mutum ba. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2016 |title=TIFF 2016: The Wedding Party |url=https://cinemaaxis.com/2016/09/19/tiff-2016-the-wedding-party/}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ynaija yana da wannan don faɗi game da [[Kemi Adetiba]] da rawar da ta taka a matsayin darektan; "Baya ga wasu ja flags, kamar jawabin bikin aure mai ƙarfi na mahaifin ango misali, haves da haves ba su da wani makirci da ya shafi Sambassa Nzeribe, da kuma duk kasancewar Hafiz Oyetoro's gate crashing hali, Adetiba yana ci gaba da abubuwa motsawa da sauri".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2016 |title=Movie review: The Wedding Party is an extended music video. But is it fun? » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/movie-review-wedding-party-extended-music-video-fun/}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure]], 2017 * [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma]] * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2016|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2016]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m1amuib4htetvgunt6b4vv1mx363144 0 69969 890450 517025 2026-08-02T07:07:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Youm ou Lila''''' ([[Turanci]]: ''A Day and Night'', [[Faransanci]]: ''Une journée et une nuit'') fim ne mai ban dariya kuma na wasan kwaikwayo wanda Naoufel Berraoui ya ba da umarni<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Youm ou Lila|url=https://www.africine.org/index.php/film/youm-ou-lila/15795|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Africiné|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=filmnat14|url=https://www.ccm.ma/fnf14/youm.html|access-date=2021-11-15|website=www.ccm.ma}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Films {{!}} Africultures : Youm ou Lila|url=http://africultures.com/films/?no=15795|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ya fito a watan Oktoba 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-26|title=Cinéma: "Youm Ou Lila" Le grand voyage d'Izza|url=https://www.lereporter.ma/cinema-youm-ou-lila-le-grand-voyage-dizza/|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Le Reporter.ma|language=fr-FR|archive-date=2021-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115135649/https://www.lereporter.ma/cinema-youm-ou-lila-le-grand-voyage-dizza/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SPLA {{!}} Youm ou Lila|url=http://www.spla.pro/file.film.youm-ou-lila.15795.html|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Spla|language=en}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == Fim ɗin yana ba da labarin Izza, wata uwa daga karkarar Souss, da kuma matsalolin da take fuskanta wajen kula da ’yarta mai fama da rashin lafiya. Duk wata, mijinta Hussein yana aika wa danginsa wani fakitin da ke ɗauke da magani ga 'yarsa. Lokacin da ya taɓa mantawa da yin hakan, ya jefa rayuwar 'yarsa cikin haɗari, Izza - wacce ba ta taɓa barin ƙauyenta ba - ta yanke shawaran yin doguwar tafiya zuwa [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] don neman mijinta. Ta haɗu da Aziza, karuwa ce za ta taimaka mata. Tafiyar za ta yi kwana ɗaya da dare, shi ya sa ake ɗaukar taken fim din.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Avant-première d'"Youm Ou Lila" de Naoufel Berraoui|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2013/cinema_avant-premiere-d-youm-ou-lila--de-naoufel-berraoui/189177.html|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Le Matin|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - Une comédie drôle, mais touchante|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2013/youm-ou-lila-de-naoufel-berraoui_une-comedie-drole-mais-touchante/189295.html|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Le Matin|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Une journée et une nuit (Youm ou Lila)|url=https://cineuropa.org/en/film/249372/|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Cineuropa - the best of european cinema|language=en}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa == * Touria Alaoui * [[Majdouline Idrissi|Majdouline Drissi]] * [[Omar Lotfi|Umar Lotfi]] * Machmoum * Abdelghani Snak * Yusuf Ouzellal == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] c6pp3yxcup846dd5irn3w1ag0nsb5x6 0 69989 890189 644467 2026-08-01T14:47:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The Postcard''' wani fim ne da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2020 wanda Asmae El Moudir ya jagoranta kuma ya bada umarni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=film-documentaire.fr - Portail du film documentaire|url=http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/61248_1|access-date=2021-11-27|website=www.film-documentaire.fr|archive-date=2023-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018083752/http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/61248_1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Films {{!}} Africultures : Carte postale (La)-[Asmae El Moudir]|url=http://africultures.com/films/?no=21628|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ouiddar |first=Nadia |date=2021-09-02 |title=Le Matin - Le film «Postcard» d'Asmae El Moudir distingué en Italie |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2021/film-postcard-dasmae-el-moudir-distingue-italie/363804.html |access-date=2021-11-27 |website=Le Matin |language=fr}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == Bayan gano wani tsohon kati a cikin kayan mahaifiyarta, mallakin darekta Asmae El Moudir ta fara tafiya zuwa Zawia, kuma ta shiga cikin abubuwan da suka gabata. Ta yi tunanin yadda rayuwa za ta kasance dabam-dabam da mahaifiyarta ba ta taɓa barin ƙauyen dutse mai nisa ba. == 'Yan wasa == * Oum El Eid Oulkadi * Touda Oulkadi * Aisha Farid * Fatima Farid * Mohammed Oulkadi == Bukukuwa == * 2021 Stockholm Arab Film Festival<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-27|title=Two Moroccan films at the Stockholm Arab Film Festival|url=https://en.hespress.com/28882-two-moroccan-films-at-the-stockholm-arab-film-festival.html|access-date=2021-11-27|website=HESPRESS English - Morocco’s leading digital media|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Attaq|first=Amal El|title=Two Moroccan Films Participate in the Stockholm Arab Film Festival|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/10/345238/two-moroccan-films-participate-in-the-stockholm-arab-film-festival|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Morocco World News|language=en}}</ref> * [[International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam|2021 International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]]<ref>{{Citation|last=www.oberon.nl|first=Oberon Amsterdam|title=The Postcard {{!}} IDFA|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/078d16b3-e686-46a4-957f-88b2db864c9d/the-postcard|access-date=2021-11-27}}</ref> * [[Malmö Arab Film Festival|2021 Malmo Arab Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-26|title=THE POSTCARD {{!}} Malmo Arab Film Festival|url=https://www.maffswe.com/the-postcard/|access-date=2021-11-27|website=www.maffswe.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> * 2021 Lessinia Film Festival<ref>{{Cite web|title=Film {{!}} FFDL|url=https://www.ffdl.it/it/film/scheda/1358/the_postcard|access-date=2021-11-27|website=www.ffdl.it|archive-date=2023-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018083747/https://www.ffdl.it/it/film/scheda/1358/the_postcard|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=L'ODJ|first=Publié par Rokia Dhibat /|title=Le film «Postcard» d'Asmae El Moudir distingué en Italie|url=https://www.lodj.ma/Le-film-Postcard-d-Asmae-El-Moudir-distingue-en-Italie_a18289.html|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Portail L'ODJ|language=fr}}</ref> * [[Durban International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Citation|title=DIFF {{!}} Postcard|url=https://www.durbanfilmfest.com/film/postcard/|language=en|access-date=2021-11-27|archive-date=2023-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018083750/https://www.durbanfilmfest.com/film/postcard/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] 3lw8oth8auwim90dd92rxyh0fvd8k2p 0 70084 890202 708827 2026-08-01T14:54:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{databox}} '''''The Return the Son''''' ([[Faransanci]]: Le Retour du fils) fim ne na Maroko wanda Ahmed Boulane ya jagoranta kuma aka saki a shekara ta 2011. na uku na Boulane kuma an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai na kasa da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=filmnat12|url=https://www.ccm.ma/fnf13/leretours.html|access-date=2021-11-15|website=www.ccm.ma|archive-date=2021-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115185154/https://www.ccm.ma/fnf13/leretours.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Le Retour du fils|url=http://www.festivalmarrakech.info/film/le-retour-du-fils/|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Festival International du Film de Marrakech|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Le Retour du fils - Festival " Lumières d'Afrique "|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http://www.lumieresdafrique.com/les-editions/2012/films-en-competition/775-le-retour-du-fils.html|access-date=2021-11-15|website=archive.wikiwix.com}}</ref> == Bayani game da shi == Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan mahaifiyarsa ta Faransa ta sace shi, Mehdi, yanzu yana cikin shekaru ashirin, ya koma Maroko don ganin mahaifinsa Aziz. Yaron, rabin Faransanci da rabin Maroko, yana so ya san ƙasarsa. Ya sadu da wata budurwa 'yar [[Moroko|Maroko]] kuma yana ciyar da lokaci kaɗan a gida tare da mahaifinsa. Aziz bai yarda da dangantakar ba kuma yana jayayya akai-akai da ɗansa. Wata rana, bayan wata gardama mai zafi, Mehdi ya tafi kuma bai dawo gida da dare ba. munin mafarki Aziz ya fara.<ref>{{Cite web|last=KHATiB|first=PAR ABDESLAM EL|title=" Le retour du fils ", nouveau film de Ahmed Boulane|url=https://www.libe.ma/Le-retour-du-fils--nouveau-film-de-Ahmed-Boulane_a14925.html|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Libération|language=fr|archive-date=2021-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115185156/https://www.libe.ma/Le-retour-du-fils--nouveau-film-de-Ahmed-Boulane_a14925.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MATIN|first=LE|title=Le Matin - "Le retour du fils" dans la boîte Le réalisateur|url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2010/Cinema_Le-retour-du-fils-dans-la-boite-Le-realisateur/143967.html|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Le Matin|language=fr}}</ref> == Ƴan wasa == * Warren Guetta * Matasa Megri * [[Myriam Bella (actress)|Myriam Bella]] * Emmanuelle Jeser * Ƙusa Messaoudi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bt1kccqfhth2pojcutdkqte6kzjlot0 0 70126 890346 720629 2026-08-01T22:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Morocco & Western Sahara map.jpg|thumb|Garin Moroko]] '''''Wake Up Morocco''''' fim ne da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2006 na Morocco wanda Narjiss Nejjar ta ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=:: CENTRE CINEMATOGRAPHIQUE MAROCAIN ::|url=https://www.ccm.ma/fiche_film-175|access-date=2021-11-29|website=www.ccm.ma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Wake-Up Morocco|url=http://www.africine.org/film/wake-up-morocco/4117|access-date=2021-11-29|website=Africiné|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-19|title=Wake up Morocco (Inhad ya Maghreb)|url=https://www.imarabe.org/fr/cinema/wake-up-morocco-inhad-ya-maghreb|access-date=2021-11-29|website=Institut du monde arabe|language=fr}}</ref> An nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na ƙasa a Tangier<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fiche : WAKE UP MOROCCO|url=https://www.ccm.ma/fnf9/fiches/fwakeup.htm|access-date=2021-11-29|website=www.ccm.ma|archive-date=2021-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129092721/https://www.ccm.ma/fnf9/fiches/fwakeup.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> da bikin fina-finai na duniya na Marrakesh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WAKE-UP MOROCCO|url=http://www.festivalmarrakech.info/film/wake-up-morocco/|access-date=2021-11-29|website=Festival International du Film de Marrakech|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Hopewell|first1=John|date=2006-11-27|title='Wake up' leads local hopes|url=https://variety.com/2006/film/markets-festivals/wake-up-leads-local-hopes-1117954533/|access-date=2021-11-29|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == A kan tsibirin da ke bakin tekun [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], wani tsohon ɗan wasan kwallon kafa ya shafe kwanakinsa tare da jikarsa Alia, yana mafarkin wasan karshe da zai iya lashe idan bai kwana da mace ba. Yanzu tsohon kuma yana zaune a tsibirin ɗaya, matar ta yi mafarki da shi.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Nelmes|first1=Jill|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2ekCgAAQBAJ&dq=Wake+Up+Morocco+%282006%29&pg=PT43|title=Women Screenwriters: An International Guide|last2=Selbo|first2=Jule|date=2015-09-29|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-31237-2|language=en}}</ref> == Ƴan wasa == * Hassan Skalli (tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa) * Fatim-Zahra Ibrahim (Aliya) * Raouia (mai duba) * Qassem Benhayun (Jad) * Fatima Harandi * Mourad Zaoui (adult Jad) * Mohammed Belfquih * Siham Assif * Hassan Gashi * Leila Slimani == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] kg5t0azj960qs5ipglq2bgui38w6rnr 0 70168 890155 672327 2026-08-01T14:31:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''The Great Bazaar''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo da aka shirya shi a shekara ta 2006 wanda Licínio Azevedo ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Labari ne na wasu yara maza biyu da suka haɗu a wata kasuwar yanki. Afirka.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Great Bazaar (2006)|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/the-great-bazaar/|language=en|accessdate=2017-12-13}}</ref> == Bukukuwa == * Friborg Film Festival, Switzerland * Children Film Festival, London * Cinema Afirka, Sweden * Rassegna di Cinema Africano, Italiya * FESPACO - [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou]], Burkina Faso * Bikin Fim na Tampere, Finland * Bikin AfryKamera, Poland * Tafiya Cinématographiques de Carthage, Tunis * Bikin Fim na Montreal, Kanada * Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Vancouver, Kanada == Kyautattuka == * [http://cinemasdafrique.asso.fr/wp/retrospectives/festival-2007/ Mafi kyawun gajeren fim da Kyautar Jama'a a Festival Cinémas d'Afrique à Angers, Faransa] (2007) * [http://www.fipa.tm.fr/en/programs/2006/o-grande-bazar-14350.htm FIPA d'Argent a FIPA - Festival International of Audiovisual Programs, Faransa]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2006) * [http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29%3A27th-diff-2006-awards&catid=12&Itemid=17 Mafi kyawun Gajeren Fim a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Durban na 27, Afirka ta Kudu] (2006) * [http://www.festivalcineport.com/newsletter/ct35.htm Mafi kyawun fim ɗin almara a CINEPORT, Brazil] (2006) * Mafi kyawun Bidiyo a bikin Fim na XVI Balafon, Italiya (2006) * Mafi kyawun Fiction a 33. Jornada Internacional de Cinema da Bahia, Brazil (2006) == Duba kuma == * [[imdbname:0044242|Licinio Azevedo]] * [http://www.ufscar.br/rua/site/?p=7269 'O Cinema em Moçambique: Licínio Azevedo']{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://diariodigital.sapo.pt/news.asp?id_news=212650 'Filme de Licínio de Azevedo ganha prata em Biarritz'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213019/http://diariodigital.sapo.pt/news.asp?id_news=212650 |date=2016-03-03 }} [[Category:fim]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1390945/ The Great Bazar] - IMDb page about ''The Great Bazar'' * [http://www.africine.org/?menu=film&no=1489 The Great Bazar in Africiné]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://cine-africa.blogspot.com/2011/04/licinio-azevedo-o-grande-bazar-2006.html Article (in Portuguese) in the blog Cine Africa] == Manazarta == 7ispgew1n0qxmdpnjw63h49manz7rxl 0 72187 890404 536837 2026-08-02T05:20:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Harshen Gusii'''(wanda aka fi sani da '''Ekegusii''') yare ne na Bantu da ake magana a yankunan Kisii da Nyamira a Nyanza [[Kenya]], wanda hedkwatar ta ke Kisii Town,(tsakanin Kavirondo Gulf na Tafkin Victoria da iyakar da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]). Mutane miliyan 2.2 ne ke magana da shi (kamar yadda ya faru a shekara ta 2009), galibi daga cikin Abagusii. Ekegusii yana da yare guda biyu kawai: yarukan Rogoro da Maate. A fannin sauti, sun bambanta a cikin magana da /t/ . Yawancin bambance-bambance da ke tsakanin yarukan biyu suna da ƙamus. .Harsunan biyu na iya komawa ga abu ɗaya ko abu ta amfani da kalmomi daban-daban. Misali na wannan shine kalmar cat. Yayinda wani yaren ya kira cat ''ekemoni'', ɗayan ya kira shi ''ekebusi''. Ana iya samun wani misali mai kyau a cikin kalmar takalma. Duk da yake kalmar Rogoro don takalma ita ce ''Kidiripasi'', kalmar yaren Maate ita ce ''chitaratara'' . Yawancin bambance-bambance na ƙamus suna bayyana a cikin harshe. Ana magana da yaren Maate a Tabaka da Bogirango . Yawancin sauran yankuna suna amfani da yaren Rogoro, wanda kuma shine yaren Ekegusii. == Sauti == === Sautin sautin === Gusii yana da wasula bakwai. Tsawon wasula ya bambanta, watau kalmomin 'bór' don rasa da 'bóór' don faɗi an rarrabe su da tsawon wasula kawai. {| class="wikitable IPA" |+Lissafin sauti na wasula a cikin Gusii ! !A gaba !Tsakiya !Komawa |- align="center" | align="right" |Kusa |i | |u |- align="center" | align="right" |Tsakanin Tsakiya |da kuma | |o |- align="center" | align="right" |Bude-tsakiya |ɛ | |Owu |- align="center" | align="right" |Bude | |a | |} === Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi === A cikin tebur da ke ƙasa, an haɗa alamomin orthographic tsakanin ƙuƙwalwa idan sun bambanta da alamomin IPA. Lura musamman amfani {{IPA|/j/}} 'y' don IPA / j/, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin rubutun Afirka. Lokacin da alamomi suka bayyana a nau'i-nau'i, wanda ke dama yana wakiltar murya mai sauti. {| class="wikitable IPA" |+Lissafin sauti na ƙamus a cikin Gusii ! !<small>bakinsa</small> !<small>alveolar</small> !<small>baki</small> !<small>mai tsaro</small> |- !<small>plosive</small> |  |t |  |k&nbsp; |- !<small>Afríku</small> |  |  |tʃ |  |- !<small>fricative</small> |β |s |  |ɣ |- !<small>hanci</small> |m |n |ɲ |ŋ |- !<small>murfin</small> |  |ɾ |  |  |- !<small>Kimanin</small> |w |  |j |  |} {| class="wikitable IPA" |+Lissafin sauti na ƙamus a cikin Gusii ! !<small>bakinsa</small> !<small>alveolar</small> !<small>baki</small> !<small>mai tsaro</small> |- !<small>plosive</small> |p&nbsp; |t d&nbsp; | |K ɡ&nbsp; |- !<small>Afríku</small> |  |  |tʃ |  |- !<small>fricative</small> |β |s |  |ɣ |- !<small>hanci</small> |m |n |ɲ |ŋ |- !<small>murfin</small> |  |ɾ |  |  |- !<small>Kimanin</small> |w |  |j |  |} Wadannan Sauye-sauyen morphophonological suna faruwa: * n+r = [nd] * n+b = [mb] * n+g = [ŋɡ] * n+k = [ŋk] * n+c = [ntʃ] * n+s = [ns] * n+m = [mː] Harshen Gusii yana da ma'anar 'b' wanda ba a fahimta ba a matsayin tsayawar bilabial kamar yadda yake a cikin 'bat' amma a matsayin fricative bilabial Kamar yadda yake a kalmomi kamar baba, baminto, abana. == Harshen Ekegusii Harshen == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" ! ! colspan="27" |Harshen Ekegusii (Kenya) <ref>Rhonda L. Hartell, ed. 1993. The Alphabets of Africa. Dakar: UNESCO and Summer Institute of Linguistics</ref> |- !Harshen Ekegusii |A |B |C |D |E |Ni |G |H |Na |K |M |N |O |Ö |R |S |T |U |W |Y |ei |watau |Ni |Ya kasance | - | - | - | - | - |- !Wakilin Ekegusii |Mb |Bwakin |mbw |Ch |Nch |Chw |Nchw |Nd |Ndw |Ng |Gw |Ngw |Ng' |Ng'w |Babu |Nyw |Nk |Kw |Nkw |Mw |Nw |Rw |Ns |Sw |Nsw |Nt |Tw |Ntw |Yw |- |} == Kwalejin Ekegusii Noun == === Samfurori 1 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Kwalejin Ekegusii |- ! !Ɗalibin !Mai banbanci !Haske !Yawancin mutane !Haske |- |1 |omo-aba |omonto |mutum / mutum |ya kasance |mutane / mutane |- |2 |Kai ne |omotwe |kai |a cikin tufafi |kai |- |3 |e-ch |Eng'ombe |saniya |Chiombe |shanu |- |4 |Aege-ebi |egekombe |kofin |ebikombe |kofuna |- |5 |ri-ama |ritunda |'Ya'yan itace |amatunda |'ya'yan itace |- |6 |o-o |Bincike |tsoro |Bincike |tsoro |- |7 |e-e |ekegusii |ekegusii | ----------- | ----------- |- |8 |Ama-ama |Amabere |madara |Amabere |madara |- |9 |omo-i-seke Omishe |yarinya |aba-i-seke |'yan mata | |- |10 | | | | -------------- | ------------ |} == Tsarin Lissafi na Ekegusii == === Misali 2 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Tsarin Lissafi na Ekegusii |- !Adadin !Karatu !Ma'anar !Adadin !Karatu !Ma'anar |- |1 |eyemo |1 |11 |ikomi nemo |10+1 |- |2 |ibere |2 |12 |ikomi na ibere |10+2 |- |3 |isato |3 |13 |ikomi na isato |10+3 |- |4 |Inje |4 |14 |ikomi nainye |10+4 |- |5 |Kashi biyar |5 |15 |ikomi na biyar |10+5 |- |6 |Ba da biyar |5+1 |16 |ikomi a cikin biyar nemo |10+5+1 |- |7 |a cikin biyar ibere |5+2 |17 |ikomi na isano na ibere |10+5+2 |- |8 |na biyar isato |5+3 |18 |ikomi na isano na isato |10+5+3 |- |9 |kianda |9 |19 |ikomi na kianda |10+9 |- |10 |ikomi |10 |20 |Emerongo ta yi godiya |20 |} == Misalai na samfurori == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Turanci !Ekegusii |- |''Safiya Mai Kyau'' |''Bwakire buya'' |- |''Daɗi mai kyau'' |''Obotuko obuya'' |- |''Shugaban'' |''omotwe'' |- |''Kunnuwa'' |''ogoto'' |- |''Ruwa'' |''amache'' |- |''maraice'' |''Magoroba'' |- |''kakan'' |''sokoro'' |- |''don sanin'' |''komanya'' |- |''zuwa madara'' |''gokama'' |- |''jaki'' |''yaƙi'' |- |''Duniya'' |''ense ense'' |- |''Gida'' |''Mai amfani'' |- |''Ƙasar'' |''inka'' |- |''A yau'' |''Maimaitawa'' |- |''Rana'' |''Rashin dariya'' |- |''Karnuka'' |''shi ne'' |- |- |- |''Tsaya'' |''-tenena'' |- |''Sanin'' |''-manya'' |- |''Duba'' |''-rora'' |- |''Upside / Arewa / Hillside'' |''rogoro'' |- |''Tafkin / Tekun'' |''enyancha'' |- |Hamada |eroro |- |Mai gwagwarmaya |omorwani |- |Ku juya sama | -garagara |- |Madara |Amabere |- |Ita 'yar akuya |esibeni |- |Ta'addanci |esike |- |Uwargidan |omosubati |- |Girbi |A cikinsa |- |Kiran |Ruwa |- |Tafiya |Tara |} == Bayanan littattafai == '''Bickmore, Lee''' * 1997. Matsalolin da ke tattare da hana sautin da ya bazu a Ekegusii. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 102, shafuffuka na 265-290.&nbsp; * 1998. Metathesis da Dokar Dahl a cikin Ekegusii . Nazarin a cikin Kimiyya ta Harshe, Vol. 28:2, shafuffuka na 149-168.&nbsp; * 1999. Babban Tone Yaduwa a cikin Ekegusii Revisited: Asusun Ka'idar Kyakkyawan . [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 109, shafi na 109-153.&nbsp; '''Cammenga da Jelle''' * 2002 Phonology da morphology na Ekegusii: harshen Bantu na Kenya. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. '''Mista, Abel Y.''' * 2008. Kisimbiti: Msamiati wa Kisimbiti-Ki Anglo-Kiswahili na Ki Anglo-Kisimbiti-Kiswahile / Simbiti-English-Swahili da Ingilishi-Simbiti-Swahile Lexicon. Harsunan Tanzania Project, LOT Littattafai Lexicon Series 7, 106 pp., .  === [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] === * 2011. Sauti a cikin Ekegusii: Bayani na Nominal da Verbal Tonology . Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara . === Nyauncho, Osinde K. === * 1988. ''Ekegusii morphophonology: bincike kan manyan matakai na consonantal''. Jami'ar Nairobi. '''[Hasiya]''' * 1956 ''Gabatarwa mai amfani ga Gusii''. Dar es Salaam/Nairobi/Kampala: Ofishin Littattafan Gabashin Afirka. [http://troyspier.com/A%20Practical%20Introduction%20to%20Gusii%20-%20Whiteley%20(1956).pdf Ana samunsa a nan] * 1960 ''Tsarin lokaci na Gusii''. Kampala: Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Gabashin Afirka. * 1974 ''Harshe a Kenya''. Nairobi: Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Dubi kuma == * [[Yarukan Kenya|Harsunan Kenya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.gusii.com Gusii.com] Blog na Harshe na Gusii * Ekegusii Encyclopedic Project & online Encyclopedia/Dictionary[https://web.archive.org/web/20110207212728/http://www.ekegusiiencyclopedia.com/Ensaki/ Encyclopedia / Dictionary na kan layi] * [https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-01-25/american-soft-power-has-helped-kenyan-mans-efforts-ensure-future-his-mother Ƙarfin Amurka ya taimaka wa ƙoƙarin wannan mutumin Kenya don tabbatar da makomar yarensa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023091111/https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-01-25/american-soft-power-has-helped-kenyan-mans-efforts-ensure-future-his-mother |date=2021-10-23 }} - rahoton Patrick Cox na Rediyon Jama'a na Duniya (Janairu 26, 207) === Sauraro === * [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5371609 Labarin Rediyon Jama'a na Kasa game da harshen Kisii] (daga shirin All Things Considered, Afrilu 29, 2006) pmgdz7rwrq272bdos8oyx102cx4irxm 0 73000 890501 611404 2026-08-02T10:21:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 890501 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Signature d'Edmond Pascal.jpg|thumb|Pascal]]   [[Fayil:Mike Colter (53318482502) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] '''Pascal Aka''' (an haife shi a [[Ivory Coast]], 17 ga Yuli, 1985) ya kasance shi ne darektan fina-finai na Ivory Coast، ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan bidiyo na kiɗa kuma furodusa, sananne ne saboda aikinsa a kan "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (2007) ", "Evol (2010) ", Double-Cross wanda ya sami gabatarwa da yawa a Ghana Movies Award 2014. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:Skalp (a.k.a. Pascal Lemaire).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] haife shi a Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Pascal Aka ya girma a Ghana. Ya halarci Jami'ar Carleton da ke Ontario inda ya yi karatun "shirye-shiryen nazarin fina-finai" kuma tsohon mai horar da shi a Kungiyar Mai Fim mai zaman kanta ta Ottawa, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta, Shugaban Kwamitin Bambancin da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa. Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife" wanda ya samar, ya ba da umarni kuma ya yi aiki tare yana da shekaru 21. Bayan shekaru 9 a Kanada, Pascal ya koma Ghana kuma ya fara kamfaninsa na samarwa da ake kira "Breakthrough Media Productions". == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2007 |Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (Short) |Marubuci, darektan, furodusa |- |2010 |''Juyawa'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2011 |''Tunanin Zuciya'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2012 |''Ceto'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2013 |''Mista Q'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan, |- |2014 |Sau biyu (Ƙarƙashin) |Daraktan |- |2014 |''Tarihin Banku'' (Kadan) |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |- |2015 |''Tsayarwa'' |Mataimakin Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2015 |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana'' (Short) |Marubuci, furodusa, edita, darektan |- |2016 |''Lokaci na Farko'' (Short) |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2017 |''Black Rose'' |Mai gabatarwa, darektan, marubuci |- |} == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2983144/awards|title=Pascal Aka|website=IMDb}}</ref> |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na Ƙasashen waje |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka - Fasali |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan tawaye - Fim |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Hoton da ya fi dacewa |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana''|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Bikin Fim na Accra na Faransanci |Mafi Kyawun Comedy |''Mista Q''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Gaskiya (RTF) |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim na Afirka |''Lokaci na Farko''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|title=Review: Real Time International Film Festival Inaugural Lagos Edition – Omenka Online|first=Adebimpe|last=Adebambo|website=www.omenkaonline.com|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2021-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110120910/https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|title="Her First Time": Pascal Aka"s short film wins "Best African Short Film" at 2016 RealTime Film Festival|first=David|last=Mawuli|publisher=|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630000259/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Afirka a cikin bikin fina-finai |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''Black Rose''|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lolakenyascreen.org/finalists-for-best-short-film-competition-announced/|title=Finalists for Best Short Film Competition Announced – Lola Kenya Screen|website=www.lolakenyascreen.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Africa-in-Motion-announces-finalists-for-short-film-competition-580026|title=Africa in Motion announces finalists for short film competition|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rsagyma433jmxpzcq3flxm9qrmjuxv6 890502 890501 2026-08-02T10:22:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 890502 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Signature d'Edmond Pascal.jpg|thumb|Pascal]]   [[Fayil:Mike Colter (53318482502) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] '''Pascal Aka''' (an haife shi a [[Ivory Coast]], 17 ga Yuli, 1985) ya kasance shi ne darektan fina-finai na Ivory Coast، ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan bidiyo na kiɗa kuma furodusa, sananne ne saboda aikinsa a kan "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (2007)", "Evol (2010)", Double-Cross wanda ya sami gabatarwa da yawa a Ghana Movies Award 2014. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:Skalp (a.k.a. Pascal Lemaire).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] haife shi a Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Pascal Aka ya girma a Ghana. Ya halarci Jami'ar Carleton da ke Ontario inda ya yi karatun "shirye-shiryen nazarin fina-finai" kuma tsohon mai horar da shi a Kungiyar Mai Fim mai zaman kanta ta Ottawa, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta, Shugaban Kwamitin Bambancin da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa. Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife" wanda ya samar, ya ba da umarni kuma ya yi aiki tare yana da shekaru 21. Bayan shekaru 9 a Kanada, Pascal ya koma Ghana kuma ya fara kamfaninsa na samarwa da ake kira "Breakthrough Media Productions". == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2007 |Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (Short) |Marubuci, darektan, furodusa |- |2010 |''Juyawa'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2011 |''Tunanin Zuciya'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2012 |''Ceto'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2013 |''Mista Q'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan, |- |2014 |Sau biyu (Ƙarƙashin) |Daraktan |- |2014 |''Tarihin Banku'' (Kadan) |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |- |2015 |''Tsayarwa'' |Mataimakin Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2015 |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana'' (Short) |Marubuci, furodusa, edita, darektan |- |2016 |''Lokaci na Farko'' (Short) |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2017 |''Black Rose'' |Mai gabatarwa, darektan, marubuci |- |} == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2983144/awards|title=Pascal Aka|website=IMDb}}</ref> |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na Ƙasashen waje |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka - Fasali |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan tawaye - Fim |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Hoton da ya fi dacewa |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana''|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Bikin Fim na Accra na Faransanci |Mafi Kyawun Comedy |''Mista Q''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Gaskiya (RTF) |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim na Afirka |''Lokaci na Farko''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|title=Review: Real Time International Film Festival Inaugural Lagos Edition – Omenka Online|first=Adebimpe|last=Adebambo|website=www.omenkaonline.com|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2021-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110120910/https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|title="Her First Time": Pascal Aka"s short film wins "Best African Short Film" at 2016 RealTime Film Festival|first=David|last=Mawuli|publisher=|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630000259/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Afirka a cikin bikin fina-finai |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''Black Rose''|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lolakenyascreen.org/finalists-for-best-short-film-competition-announced/|title=Finalists for Best Short Film Competition Announced – Lola Kenya Screen|website=www.lolakenyascreen.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Africa-in-Motion-announces-finalists-for-short-film-competition-580026|title=Africa in Motion announces finalists for short film competition|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9mdt3emxdcuyde6898hyocqa7hghd3b 890503 890502 2026-08-02T10:22:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 890503 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Signature d'Edmond Pascal.jpg|thumb|Pascal]]   [[Fayil:Mike Colter (53318482502) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] '''Pascal Aka''' (an haife shi a [[Ivory Coast]], 17 ga Yuli, 1985) ya kasance shi ne darektan fina-finai na Ivory Coast، ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan bidiyo na kiɗa kuma furodusa, sananne ne saboda aikinsa a kan "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (2007)", "Evol (2010)", Double-Cross wanda ya sami gabatarwa da yawa a Ghana Movies Award 2014. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:Skalp (a.k.a. Pascal Lemaire).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] haife shi a [[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast, Pascal Aka ya girma a Ghana. Ya halarci Jami'ar Carleton da ke Ontario inda ya yi karatun "shirye-shiryen nazarin fina-finai" kuma tsohon mai horar da shi a Kungiyar Mai Fim mai zaman kanta ta Ottawa, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta, Shugaban Kwamitin Bambancin da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa. Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife" wanda ya samar, ya ba da umarni kuma ya yi aiki tare yana da shekaru 21. Bayan shekaru 9 a Kanada, Pascal ya koma Ghana kuma ya fara kamfaninsa na samarwa da ake kira "Breakthrough Media Productions". == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2007 |Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (Short) |Marubuci, darektan, furodusa |- |2010 |''Juyawa'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2011 |''Tunanin Zuciya'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2012 |''Ceto'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2013 |''Mista Q'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan, |- |2014 |Sau biyu (Ƙarƙashin) |Daraktan |- |2014 |''Tarihin Banku'' (Kadan) |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |- |2015 |''Tsayarwa'' |Mataimakin Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2015 |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana'' (Short) |Marubuci, furodusa, edita, darektan |- |2016 |''Lokaci na Farko'' (Short) |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2017 |''Black Rose'' |Mai gabatarwa, darektan, marubuci |- |} == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2983144/awards|title=Pascal Aka|website=IMDb}}</ref> |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na Ƙasashen waje |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka - Fasali |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan tawaye - Fim |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Hoton da ya fi dacewa |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana''|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Bikin Fim na Accra na Faransanci |Mafi Kyawun Comedy |''Mista Q''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Gaskiya (RTF) |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim na Afirka |''Lokaci na Farko''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|title=Review: Real Time International Film Festival Inaugural Lagos Edition – Omenka Online|first=Adebimpe|last=Adebambo|website=www.omenkaonline.com|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2021-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110120910/https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|title="Her First Time": Pascal Aka"s short film wins "Best African Short Film" at 2016 RealTime Film Festival|first=David|last=Mawuli|publisher=|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630000259/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Afirka a cikin bikin fina-finai |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''Black Rose''|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lolakenyascreen.org/finalists-for-best-short-film-competition-announced/|title=Finalists for Best Short Film Competition Announced – Lola Kenya Screen|website=www.lolakenyascreen.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Africa-in-Motion-announces-finalists-for-short-film-competition-580026|title=Africa in Motion announces finalists for short film competition|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t4lsr8f9e71o8lop3s2cbs9j3qriakw 890504 890503 2026-08-02T10:23:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 890504 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Signature d'Edmond Pascal.jpg|thumb|Pascal]]   [[Fayil:Mike Colter (53318482502) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] '''Pascal Aka''' (an haife shi a [[Ivory Coast]], 17 ga Yuli, 1985) ya kasance shi ne darektan fina-finai na [[Ivory Coast]]، ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan bidiyo na kiɗa kuma furodusa, sananne ne saboda aikinsa a kan "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (2007)", "Evol (2010)", Double-Cross wanda ya sami gabatarwa da yawa a Ghana Movies Award 2014. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:Skalp (a.k.a. Pascal Lemaire).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] haife shi a [[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast, Pascal Aka ya girma a Ghana. Ya halarci Jami'ar Carleton da ke Ontario inda ya yi karatun "shirye-shiryen nazarin fina-finai" kuma tsohon mai horar da shi a Kungiyar Mai Fim mai zaman kanta ta Ottawa, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta, Shugaban Kwamitin Bambancin da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa. Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife" wanda ya samar, ya ba da umarni kuma ya yi aiki tare yana da shekaru 21. Bayan shekaru 9 a Kanada, Pascal ya koma Ghana kuma ya fara kamfaninsa na samarwa da ake kira "Breakthrough Media Productions". == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2007 |Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (Short) |Marubuci, darektan, furodusa |- |2010 |''Juyawa'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2011 |''Tunanin Zuciya'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2012 |''Ceto'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2013 |''Mista Q'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan, |- |2014 |Sau biyu (Ƙarƙashin) |Daraktan |- |2014 |''Tarihin Banku'' (Kadan) |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |- |2015 |''Tsayarwa'' |Mataimakin Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2015 |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana'' (Short) |Marubuci, furodusa, edita, darektan |- |2016 |''Lokaci na Farko'' (Short) |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2017 |''Black Rose'' |Mai gabatarwa, darektan, marubuci |- |} == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2983144/awards|title=Pascal Aka|website=IMDb}}</ref> |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na Ƙasashen waje |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka - Fasali |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan tawaye - Fim |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Hoton da ya fi dacewa |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana''|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Bikin Fim na Accra na Faransanci |Mafi Kyawun Comedy |''Mista Q''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Gaskiya (RTF) |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim na Afirka |''Lokaci na Farko''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|title=Review: Real Time International Film Festival Inaugural Lagos Edition – Omenka Online|first=Adebimpe|last=Adebambo|website=www.omenkaonline.com|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2021-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110120910/https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|title="Her First Time": Pascal Aka"s short film wins "Best African Short Film" at 2016 RealTime Film Festival|first=David|last=Mawuli|publisher=|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630000259/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Afirka a cikin bikin fina-finai |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''Black Rose''|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lolakenyascreen.org/finalists-for-best-short-film-competition-announced/|title=Finalists for Best Short Film Competition Announced – Lola Kenya Screen|website=www.lolakenyascreen.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Africa-in-Motion-announces-finalists-for-short-film-competition-580026|title=Africa in Motion announces finalists for short film competition|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m6dosyh643aftdycw731mxa3bdhs95s 890505 890504 2026-08-02T10:24:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 890505 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Signature d'Edmond Pascal.jpg|thumb|Pascal]]   [[Fayil:Mike Colter (53318482502) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] '''Pascal Aka''' (an haife shi a [[Ivory Coast]], 17 ga Yuli, 1985) ya kasance shi ne darektan fina-finai na [[Ivory Coast]]، ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan bidiyo na kiɗa kuma furodusa, sananne ne saboda aikinsa a kan "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (2007)", "Evol (2010)", Double-Cross wanda ya sami gabatarwa da yawa a Ghana Movies Award 2014. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:Skalp (a.k.a. Pascal Lemaire).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] haife shi a [[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast, Pascal Aka ya girma a Ghana. Ya halarci Jami'ar Carleton da ke Ontario inda ya yi karatun "shirye-shiryen nazarin fina-finai" kuma tsohon mai horar da shi a Kungiyar Mai Fim mai zaman kanta ta Ottawa, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta, Shugaban Kwamitin Bambancin da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa. Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife" wanda ya samar, ya ba da umarni kuma ya yi aiki tare yana da shekaru 21. Bayan shekaru 9 a Kanada, Pascal ya koma Ghana kuma ya fara kamfaninsa na samarwa da ake kira "Breakthrough Media Productions". == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2007 |Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (Short) |Marubuci, darektan, furodusa |- |2010 |''Juyawa'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2011 |''Tunanin Zuciya'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2012 |''Ceto'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2013 |''Mista Q'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan, |- |2014 |Sau biyu (Ƙarƙashin) |Daraktan |- |2014 |''Tarihin Banku'' (Kadan) |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |- |2015 |''Tsayarwa'' |Mataimakin Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2015 |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana'' (Short) |Marubuci, furodusa, edita, darektan |- |2016 |''Lokaci na Farko'' (Short) |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2017 |''Black Rose'' |Mai gabatarwa, darektan, marubuci |- |} == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2983144/awards|title=Pascal Aka|website=IMDb}}</ref> |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na Ƙasashen waje |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka - Fasali |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan tawaye - Fim |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Hoton da ya fi dacewa |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana''|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Bikin Fim na Accra na Faransanci |Mafi Kyawun Comedy |''Mista Q''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Gaskiya (RTF) |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim na Afirka |''Lokaci na Farko''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|title=Review: Real Time International Film Festival Inaugural Lagos Edition – Omenka Online|first=Adebimpe|last=Adebambo|website=www.omenkaonline.com|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2021-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110120910/https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|title="Her First Time": Pascal Aka"s short film wins "Best African Short Film" at 2016 RealTime Film Festival|first=David|last=Mawuli|publisher=|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630000259/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Afirka a cikin bikin fina-finai |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''Black Rose''|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lolakenyascreen.org/finalists-for-best-short-film-competition-announced/|title=Finalists for Best Short Film Competition Announced – Lola Kenya Screen|website=www.lolakenyascreen.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Africa-in-Motion-announces-finalists-for-short-film-competition-580026|title=Africa in Motion announces finalists for short film competition|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r338wmp14vrf5w6r9mdpceud13c9lni 890506 890505 2026-08-02T10:25:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 890506 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Signature d'Edmond Pascal.jpg|thumb|Pascal]]   [[Fayil:Mike Colter (53318482502) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] '''Pascal Aka''' (an haife shi a [[Ivory Coast]], 17 ga Yuli, 1985) ya kasance shi ne darektan fina-finai na [[Ivory Coast]]، ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan bidiyo na kiɗa kuma furodusa, sananne ne saboda aikinsa a kan "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (2007)", "Evol (2010)", Double-Cross wanda ya sami gabatarwa da yawa a Ghana Movies Award 2014. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:Skalp (a.k.a. Pascal Lemaire).jpg|thumb|Pascal Aka]] haife shi a [[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast, Pascal Aka ya girma a Ghana. Ya halarci Jami'ar Carleton da ke Ontario inda ya yi karatun "shirye-shiryen nazarin fina-finai" kuma tsohon mai horar da shi a Kungiyar Mai Fim mai zaman kanta ta Ottawa, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta, Shugaban Kwamitin Bambancin da Mataimakin Shugaban kasa. Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko "Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife" wanda ya samar, ya ba da umarni kuma ya yi aiki tare yana da shekaru 21. Bayan shekaru 9 a Kanada, Pascal ya koma [[Ghana]] kuma ya fara kamfaninsa na samarwa da ake kira "Breakthrough Media Productions". == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2007 |Jamie da Eddie: Souls of Strife (Short) |Marubuci, darektan, furodusa |- |2010 |''Juyawa'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2011 |''Tunanin Zuciya'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2012 |''Ceto'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2013 |''Mista Q'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan, |- |2014 |Sau biyu (Ƙarƙashin) |Daraktan |- |2014 |''Tarihin Banku'' (Kadan) |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |- |2015 |''Tsayarwa'' |Mataimakin Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2015 |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana'' (Short) |Marubuci, furodusa, edita, darektan |- |2016 |''Lokaci na Farko'' (Short) |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |- |2017 |''Black Rose'' |Mai gabatarwa, darektan, marubuci |- |} == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2983144/awards|title=Pascal Aka|website=IMDb}}</ref> |- |2009 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na Ƙasashen waje |''Jamie da Eddie: Rayukan Rikici''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Tsarin Ayyuka - Fasali |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2010 |Ayyuka a kan Bikin Fim na Duniya |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan tawaye - Fim |''Juyawa''|{{Nom}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Hoton da ya fi dacewa |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |[[Double-Cross (2014 fim)|Sauye-sauye Biyu]]|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Kyautar Fim ta Ghana |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''<nowiki/>'Yan sanda na Ghana''|{{Won}} |- |2014 |Bikin Fim na Accra na Faransanci |Mafi Kyawun Comedy |''Mista Q''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|title=Full List of the 2014 Ghana Movie Awards Winners – Joselyn Dumas, Adjetey Anang, Lil Win & Others|date=December 31, 2014|publisher=|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013193909/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Gaskiya (RTF) |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim na Afirka |''Lokaci na Farko''|{{Won}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|title=Review: Real Time International Film Festival Inaugural Lagos Edition – Omenka Online|first=Adebimpe|last=Adebambo|website=www.omenkaonline.com|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2021-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110120910/https://www.omenkaonline.com/review-real-time-international-film-festival-inaugural-lagos-edition/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|title="Her First Time": Pascal Aka"s short film wins "Best African Short Film" at 2016 RealTime Film Festival|first=David|last=Mawuli|publisher=|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630000259/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/her-first-time-pascal-akas-short-film-wins-best-african-short-film-at-2016-realtime-film-festival-id5561483.html?-1794127774.1525125035|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Afirka a cikin bikin fina-finai |Mafi kyawun gajeren fim |''Black Rose''|{{Nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lolakenyascreen.org/finalists-for-best-short-film-competition-announced/|title=Finalists for Best Short Film Competition Announced – Lola Kenya Screen|website=www.lolakenyascreen.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Africa-in-Motion-announces-finalists-for-short-film-competition-580026|title=Africa in Motion announces finalists for short film competition|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9jz2v7pars6gv8jfrjp90i5fggnjsgc 0 73870 890335 394481 2026-08-01T21:55:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Vittorio Leonardi''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1977) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu. A matsayinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Joe Parker's Comedy Express, tare da yin wasan kwaikwayo na wucin gadi tare da Joe Parker'n Improv Express, kuma ya bayyana a matakai a Witbank, [[Pretoria]], [[Johannesburg]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artsmart.co.za/drama/archive/1447.html |title=Artsmart : Arts news from kwazulu-natal : Drama |accessdate=25 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721224441/http://www.artsmart.co.za/drama/archive/1447.html |archivedate=21 July 2011 }}</ref> , [[Bloemfontein]], Kimberley, Pietermaritzburg, [[Durban]] da Cape Town. A cikin talabijin, ya bayyana a cikin jerin Laugh Out Loud (2005) a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar da ta yi wa ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu ba'a kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shirye Jeremy Mansfield, kuma a matsayin dillalin bindiga a cikin shirin One Way (2006). bayyana a cikin bikin wasan kwaikwayo na karkashin kasa na New York na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://joburgnews.co.za/2007/sep/sep19_theatrewrap.stm|title=joburgnews.co.za|website=joburgnews.co.za|accessdate=15 August 2023|archive-date=18 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218161940/http://joburgnews.co.za/2007/sep/sep19_theatrewrap.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://whatsonsa.co.za/portal/index.php/archives/new-york-underground-comedy-festival-book-now.html |title=WhatsOnSA &#124; New York Underground Comedy Festival: Book now! &#124; Dance, Photos, Videos, Comedy, Theatre, Gigs, Festivals, Music |accessdate=27 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214105034/http://whatsonsa.co.za/portal/index.php/archives/new-york-underground-comedy-festival-book-now.html |archivedate=14 February 2009 }}</ref> <ref>[http://www.acappella.co.za/comedyawards08.php Acappella Comedy Industry Awards 2008]acappella.co.za {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924150851/http://www.acappella.co.za/comedyawards08.php |date=2010-09-24 }}</ref> shekara ta 2008, ya sami gabatarwa a cikin Acappella Comedy Industry Awards, kuma ya sami Trusty Steed Award don mafi amintacce da abin dogaro, da Scribe Award don saurin juyawa na sabon abu. watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama babban marubuci kuma daya daga cikin masu wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa, The Last Say on Sunday, wanda Darren Maule ya shirya, kuma aka watsa shi a kan SABC ila yau, a cikin shekara ta 2009, ya bayyana a cikin fim din kimiyya-fiction District 9 wanda aka zaba a kyautar Kwalejin. A watan Janairun 2011 ya zama marubucin rubutun ga sanannen shahararren shahararren sanannen sanannen sanarwa na SABC 1 The Real Goboza Reloaded . <ref>[http://www.comedycentralafrica.com/comedy/artists/vittorio-leonardi/ Vittorio Leonardi]comedycentralafrica.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120821/http://www.comedycentralafrica.com/comedy/artists/vittorio-leonardi/ |date=2013-12-24 }}</ref> A cikin 2012, Vittorio ya rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo nuna mutum daya mai taken Vittorio's Secret, wanda aka fara yi a bikin zane-zane na kasa a Grahamstown . cikin wannan shekarar an zabi shi don Kyautar Zaɓin Comics a cikin Times Comic Pen Award Category . == Duba kuma == * Jerin masu wasan kwaikwayo == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c6e1ev4n5ktj7hxfommxqav9whtfx4r 0 73906 890402 823881 2026-08-02T05:16:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yaren Bole–Tangale''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''A.2''' West Chadic languages) reshe ne na [[Yaren Chadic|yarukan Chadic ta yamma]] da ake magana da su a jihohi daban-daban na arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] . == Harsuna == Yarukan Bole–Tangale sune: <ref>Blench, Roger. 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> * '''Bole''' ( '''Bole–Tangale''' ) (A.2) ** North (Bole proper): Bure, [[Bolanci|Bole]], [[Geranci|Gera]], Geruma, [[Denanci|Deno]], Galambu, [[Kirifanci|Giiwo]], [[Kubanci|Kubi]], [[Gamanci|Ngamo]], Maaka (Maagha), [[Belanci|Ɓeele]], [[Dazawa harshe|Daza]] (Dazawa), ? Pali, [[Harshen Karai-Karai|Karekare]] ** Kudu (Tangale): [[Kwamanci|Kwaami]], Pero, Piya-Kwonci, Kulung, Kholok, Nyam, Kushi (Goji), Kutto (Kupto), Tangale, Dera (Kanakuru) [[Harshen Karai-Karai|Karekare]] shine yaren da ya fi bambanta a cikin reshen Bole, yayin da Dera shine yaren da ya fi bambanta a cikin reshen Tangale. <ref>Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/58551549/West_Chadic_classification_2021 West Chadic classification 2021]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> == Sunaye da wurare == A ƙasa akwai cikakken jerin sunayen yaren Bole–Tangale, yawan Wanda yake dauke da yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 75%;" !Language !Cluster !Dialects !Alternate spellings !Own name for language !Endonym(s) !Other names (location-based) !Other names for language !Exonym(s) !Speakers !Location(s) |- |[[Harshen Daza|Daza]] | | |Daza | | | | | |a few villages (Note: No data available) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA |- |[[Bolanci|Bole]] | |Bara, Fika (Fiyankayen, Anpika) | |Bòò Pìkkà, Bopika |Am Pìkkà, Ampika |Fika, Piika |Bolanci |Anika, Bolewa |32,000 (1952 W&B); est. >100,000 (1990) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Dukku, Alkaleri, and Darazo LGAs; [[Borno|Borno State]], Fika LGA |- |Bure | | | |BuBure |Bure | |Bure | |A single village southeast of Darazo town |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA |- |[[Belanci|Ɓeele]] | | |Bele |Àɓéelé |bòhé áɓéelé sg., Àɓéelé pl. | |Bellawa | |120 (Temple 1922); a few villages |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]] |- |[[Denanci|Deno]] | | | | | | | | |9,900 (LA 1971) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA; 45&nbsp;km northeast of Bauchi town |- |Galambu | | |Galembi, Galambe |Galambu |Galambu | | | |8505 (Temple 1922); 2020 (Meek 1925); 1000 (SIL) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Bauchi LGA, at least 15 villages |- |Dera | |Shani, Shellen and Gasi | |Bo Dera |na Dera sg., Dera pl. |Kanakuru | | |11,300 (W&B) |[[Adamawa|Adamawa State]], Shellen LGA; [[Borno|Borno State]], Shani LGA |- |[[Geranci|Fyandigeri]] | | | |Fyandigere |sg. laa Fyandigeri, pl. Fyandigeri | | |Gerawa, Gere, Gera |13,300 (LA 1971); at least 30 villages. Many Gera villages no longer speak the language. A 2018 survey suggested there are only 4 villages where the language is being passed on to children. |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Bauchi and Darazo LGAs |- |Geruma | |Sum, Duurum, possibly Gamsawa/Gamshi (Temple) |Gerema, Germa |Geerum (Duurum dialect); Gyeermu (Sum dialect) |Geerum (Duurum dialect); sg. na Gyeermu, pl. Gyeermu (Sum dial.) | | | |4,700 (LA 1971) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Toro and Darazo LGAs. At least 10 villages |- |[[Kirifanci|Giiwo]] | | |Kirifi |Bu Giiwo |sg. Ba Giiwo, pl. Ma Giiwo | | | |3,620 (1922 Temple); 14,000 (SIL) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Alkaleri, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs, 24 villages |- |[[Harshen Karai-Karai|Karekare]] | |Western Jalalum, northern Pakaro and eastern Ngwajum |Kәrekәre, Kerekere, Karaikarai, Kerikeri | | | | | |39,000 (1952 W&B) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Gamawa and Misau LGAs; [[Yobe|Yobe State]], Fika LGA |- |Kholok | | | | | |Kode, Koode, Kwoode,Widala, Pia, Wurkum, Pitiko | | |2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) |[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango |- |[[Kubanci|Kubi]] | | |Kuba | | | | | |1,090 (1922 Temple); 500 (1973 SIL) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA, 40&nbsp;km. N.E. of Bauchi town |- |Kulung (Chadic) | | | |Kulung (speakers consider themselves Kulung i.e. Jarawan Bantu, although their language is Chadic and related to Piya) | |Wurkum | | |2000? |[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA |- |Kutto | | |Kupto |Kúttò |Kúttò | | | |Two villages. 3000 (1990 est.) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Bajoga LGA, [[Yobe|Yobe State]], Gujba LGA |- |Maaka | |Two dialects; Maaka (at Gulani) and Maha (at Vara) |Magha, Maga, Maha | | | | | |More than 4,000 (1990) |[[Yobe|Yobe State]], Gujba LGA. Gulani and Bara towns and associated hamlets. Northeast of Dadin Kowa Reservoir. |- |[[Gamanci|Ngamo]] | | |Gamo | | | | | |17,800 (1952 W&B) |[[Borno|Borno State]], Fika LGA; [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA, Darazo district and Dukku LGA, Nafada district |- |Pero | |Dialects associated with three major settlements |Walo |Péerò |sg. Péerò, pl. Pìpéerò |Filiya [town name] | | |6,664 (1925 Meek); 20,000 (1973 SIL) |[[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe State]], Shongom LGA, around Filiya. 3 main villages: Gwandum, Gundale and Filiya. |- |'''''Piya–Kwonci cluster''''' |Piya–Kwonci | |Pia | | |Wurkum, Pitiko | | |2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) |[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango |- |Piya |Piya–Kwonci | |Pia | | |Wurkum | | | | |- |Kwonci |Piya–Kwonci |Kunshenu | | | | | | |More than 4000 (1990) | |- |Goji | | | |Fo Goji |Nya Goji pl. Memme Goji |Kushe, Kushi |Chong'e | |4000 (1973 SIL); 5000 (1990). ca. 20 villages (2007) |[[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe State]], Shongom LGA |- |[[Kwamanci|Kwaami]] | |Kafarati, Ɗolli |Kwami, Kwom |Kwáámì |Kwáámì |Komawa | | |10,000 (1990) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Kwami LGA |- |Nyam | | | | |Nyambolo | | | |A single village |[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA, at Andami village |- |Tangale | |Ture, Kaltungo, Shongom, Billiri |Tangle |Táŋlɛ̀ | |Billiri | | |36,000 (1952 W&B); 100,000 (1973 SIL) |[[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe State]], Kaltungo, Alkaleri and Akko LGAs |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/yobe/ Shirin Binciken Harsunan Yobe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106112235/http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/yobe/ |date=2024-01-06 }} na Marigayi Russell G. Schuh na UCLA * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110524073609/http://www.africanlanguages.org/chadic_west.html Albarkatun yammacin Chadi] a african languages.org {{West Chadic languages}} [[Category:Harsuna]] [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] 1cn1zzrnj4f2q0kwvhl8ateip5o71qk 0 75202 890249 440507 2026-08-01T18:35:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila Football Club''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''TTM F.C.''' ) ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] kwararriyar ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a garin Thohoyandou dake a yankin Limpopo . Kungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Thohoyandou . Kulob ɗin ya sayi matsayin National First Division na Milano United FC a cikin watan Yuli na shekarar 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cape Town Club Has Agreed To Sell Status|url=https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/local/categories/siyagobhoza/cape-town-club-has-agreed-to-sell-status/274257|website=www.soccerladuma.co.za|access-date=6 January 2018|language=en|date=21 July 2017|archive-date=7 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107060926/https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/local/categories/siyagobhoza/cape-town-club-has-agreed-to-sell-status/274257|url-status=dead}}</ref> A baya kulob din ya taka leda a ABC Motsepe League . A karkashin mai shi Lawrence Mulaudzi, kulob din ya ci gaba da kashe hanyar zuwa saman lokacin da a cikin 2020 ya sayi matsayin Premier League na Bidvest Wits, kuma ya buga wasa a gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu ta 2020–21 .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Phakaaathi |title=Bidvest Wits sold to TTM |url=https://citizen.co.za/phakaaathi/south-africa-soccer-phakaaathi-phakaaathi/2302426/bidvest-wits-sold-to-ttm/ |access-date=2020-09-05 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2021 sun sayar da matsayinsu na Premier ga Marumo Gallants, kuma a halin yanzu suna taka leda a rukunin farko na kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Qoshe |first=Yolulwe |date=2021-08-17 |title=New name, new owners but same old problems! Inside the mess of Marumo Gallants ahead of the new season |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/psl-south-africa/new-name-new-owners-but-same-old-problems-inside-the-mess-of-marumo-gallants-ahead-of-the-new-season/ |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=The South African |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2022-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528053203/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/psl-south-africa/new-name-new-owners-but-same-old-problems-inside-the-mess-of-marumo-gallants-ahead-of-the-new-season/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2020, an zargi Shugaba Sello Chokoe da zamba da kuma satar sama da R2 miliyan daga kulob din, kuma an dakatar da shi har sai an saurare shi. Sello ya ci gaba da karbar cikakken albashi, kuma ya kauce wa sauraron karar ta hanyar mika takardar rashin lafiya a kwanakin da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zoutnet - Sport - Former TTM CEO dodges disciplinary hearing.TTM as they are affectionately known won the 2021 Nedbank Cup which is the South African cup by beating Chippa United 1-0 in the Final.|url=https://www.zoutnet.co.za/articles/sport/53809/2021-02-18/former-ttm-ceo-dodges-disciplinary-hearing |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=www.zoutnet.co.za}}</ref> Watanni bakwai da siyan, inda kungiyar ke fama da matsalar kudi, na karshe a gasar lig, da ‘yan wasa ke yajin aiki bayan rashin biyansu albashi, an sayar da kungiyar ga wata kungiyar hada-hadar magunguna. Sabon shugaban kungiyar Abram Sello ya sanar da cewa sunan kungiyar zai sauya a karshen kakar wasa ta bana, duk da yana sa ran zai ci gaba da zama a Limpopo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zoutnet - Sport - Former TTM CEO dodges disciplinary hearing.TTM as they are affectionately known won the 2021 Nedbank Cup which is the South African cup by beating Chippa United 1-0 in the Final.|url=https://www.zoutnet.co.za/articles/sport/53809/2021-02-18/former-ttm-ceo-dodges-disciplinary-hearing |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=www.zoutnet.co.za}}</ref> == Girmamawa == === Kofin gida === * '''Kofin Nedbank''' ** '''Masu nasara (1)''' : 2020-21 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3u5lef626kcvkrc1esic3fgwmitmgqj 0 75416 890310 791437 2026-08-01T21:24:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sepana Victor Letsoalo,''' (an Haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1993), ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke taka rawa a matsayin mai ci gaba a ƙungiyar firimiya ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]], AmaZulu da [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu]] . <ref>{{Soccerway|sepana-victor-letsoalo/327488|accessdate=7 July 2023}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a [[Cape Town]], Letsoalo ya kuma rattaɓa hannu kan [[Bloemfontein Celtic F.C.|Bloemfontein Celtic]] daga Baroka a cikin 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2017 |title=Bloemfontein Celtic confirm the signings of Victor Letsoalo and Sipho Jembula |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/psl-transfer-news/bloemfontein-celtic-confirm-the-signings-of-victor-letsoalo-and-sipho-jembula/580947 |access-date=2 October 2020 |website=[[Kick Off (magazine)|Kick Off]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya koma AmaZulu a lokacin rani na shekarar 2023. <ref>https://www.sabcsport.com/soccer/news/amazulu-fc-can-expect-goals-from-me-victor-letsoalo</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Ya buga wasansa na farko a [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Afirka ta Kudu]] a ranar 13 ga Yulin shekarar 2021 a gasar cin kofin COSAFA ta 2021 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Lesotho|Lesotho]] kuma ya ci hat-trick a cikin nasara da ci 4-0, ya zama dan wasan Afirka ta Kudu na farko da ya ci sau uku a wasansa na farko na kasar. . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2021 |title=Victor Letsoalo makes history with hat-trick as Bafana crush Lesotho in COSAFA Cup |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/bafana-bafana/victor-letsoalo-makes-history-with-hat-trick-as-bafana-crush-lesotho-in-cosafa-cup/ |website=The South African |access-date=19 March 2024 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812161802/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/bafana-bafana/victor-letsoalo-makes-history-with-hat-trick-as-bafana-crush-lesotho-in-cosafa-cup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kara zura kwallo daya a wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe da Mozambique yayin da Afrika ta Kudu ta lashe gasar kuma ya zama dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye 4. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2021 |title=Bafana Bafana striker Victor Letsoalo wins 2021 COSAFA Cup Golden Boot award |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/sa-national-teams/bafana-bafana-striker-victor-letsoalo-wins-2021-cosafa-cup-golden-boot-award/702460 |website=Kick Off |access-date=19 March 2024 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812161801/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/sa-national-teams/bafana-bafana-striker-victor-letsoalo-wins-2021-cosafa-cup-golden-boot-award/702460 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manufar ƙasa da ƙasa == Makin Afirka ta Kudu da aka jera farko, ginshiƙin maki yana nuna maki bayan kowace ƙwallon Letsoalo. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" |+Victor Letsoalo ya zura kwallo a ragar duniya ! scope="col" | A'a. ! data-sort-type="date" scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasa ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" | 1 | rowspan="3" | 13 ga Yuli, 2021 | rowspan="4" | Filin wasa na Nelson Mandela Bay, [[Port Elizabeth]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] | rowspan="3" |</img> Lesotho | 1-0 | rowspan="3" | 4–0 | rowspan="4" | Kofin COSAFA 2021 | rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2021 |title=Victor Letsoalo makes history with hat-trick as Bafana crush Lesotho in COSAFA Cup |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/bafana-bafana/victor-letsoalo-makes-history-with-hat-trick-as-bafana-crush-lesotho-in-cosafa-cup/ |website=The South African |access-date=19 March 2024 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812161802/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/bafana-bafana/victor-letsoalo-makes-history-with-hat-trick-as-bafana-crush-lesotho-in-cosafa-cup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2021 |title=Bafana Bafana striker Victor Letsoalo wins 2021 COSAFA Cup Golden Boot award |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/sa-national-teams/bafana-bafana-striker-victor-letsoalo-wins-2021-cosafa-cup-golden-boot-award/702460 |website=Kick Off |access-date=19 March 2024 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812161801/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/sa-national-teams/bafana-bafana-striker-victor-letsoalo-wins-2021-cosafa-cup-golden-boot-award/702460 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2 | 3–0 |- ! scope="row" | 3 | 4–0 |- ! scope="row" | 4 | 16 ga Yuli, 2021 |</img> Mozambique | 3–0 | 3–0 | <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2021 |title=Bafana Bafana striker Victor Letsoalo wins 2021 COSAFA Cup Golden Boot award |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/sa-national-teams/bafana-bafana-striker-victor-letsoalo-wins-2021-cosafa-cup-golden-boot-award/702460 |website=Kick Off |access-date=19 March 2024 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812161801/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/sa-national-teams/bafana-bafana-striker-victor-letsoalo-wins-2021-cosafa-cup-golden-boot-award/702460 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |} == Girmamawa == '''Baroka''' * Rukunin Farko na Ƙasa : 2015–16 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] s0hacqdsyrw94xwuhs7zti1yijtcp12 0 76284 890302 867170 2026-08-01T21:09:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Veye Wirngo Tatah''' (an haife ta a c.1971) 'yar [[Kamaru]] masaniya ce a fannin kwamfuta kuma 'yar jarida wacce ke zaune a [[Jamus]]. Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga Afirka wacce ta sami Order of Merit daga ƙasar Jamus. == Rayuwa == An haifi Tatah a shekara ta 1971 kuma ta isa Jamus a shekara ta 1991. An haife ta a [[Kamaru]] amma ta zama ƴar ƙasar Jamus a shekarar 2002. <ref name="black">[https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/management/veye-tatah-afrika-ist-kein-land-schwarz-ist-eine-farbe/3226144.html Africa is not a Country and Black is a Colour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718095121/https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/management/veye-tatah-afrika-ist-kein-land-schwarz-ist-eine-farbe/3226144.html |date=2022-07-18 }}, handelsblatt.com, Retrieved 6 April 2016</ref> Ta yi aiki sama da shekaru shida a matsayin mataimakiyar binciken kimiyyar kwamfuta tare da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Dortmund. Daga nan ta zama mai ba da shawara ta IT mai kula da ayyuka musamman waɗanda suka shafi sadarwa tsakanin al'adu. Tatah tana da wani kamfani mai suna ''Kilimanjaro Food''. Tatah tana da yara biyu. <ref name="black"/> Ta kuma kafa wasu tsare-tsare da suka haɗa da Learning and integration mobile app ''African-LIM'', the "African Women's Network" and ''Africa Positive.'' <ref>[https://archive.today/20130815140337/http://www.maischna.com/index.php/lifestyle/inspired/143-veye-tatah-die-frau-hinter-qafrica-positiveq ''Veye Tatah die Frau hinter dem Namen Africa Positive''] In: ''Maischna Magazin''</ref> Tatah tana ƙoƙarin haɓaka fahimtar ƙasashen duniya. <ref name="black"/> A ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, 2010 Tatah ta karɓi odar karramawa ta Tarayyar Jamus don hulɗar zamantakewa ta musamman. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250813132229/http://www.afrika-bildung.de/583.htm ''Veye Tatah mit Bundesverdienstkreuz geehrt''] In: ''Afrika Bildung''</ref> Ta shiga cikin horar da 'yan jarida talatin daga Gambia a Erich-Brost-Institut a shekarar 2019. An ba wa ‘yan jaridar ne da manufar bayar da rahoto kan hijira. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-05 |title=30 Young Journalists Trained on Migration Reporting {{!}} |url=https://www.voicegambia.com/2019/12/05/30-young-journalists-trained-on-migration-reporting/ |access-date=2020-11-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326170613/https://www.voicegambia.com/2019/12/05/30-young-journalists-trained-on-migration-reporting/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 7n7z3uadlagmz2tza30my10456bspjx 0 76295 890516 755055 2026-08-02T10:34:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 890516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Alegoría de la Santísima Trinidad (s. XVIII) de autor no identificado en Símbolo y Reino 01.jpg|thumb|allahntaka]]   [[File:Isaac_Oliver_Elizabeth_I_and_the_Three_Goddesses.jpg|thumb|250x250px|''Elizabeth I da alloli uku'' (Juno, Minerva, da Venus), na Isaac Oliver, c. 1558]] ''''''Allahn'''''' ko allahntaka abubuwa ne da ke da alaka da, sadaukar da kai, ko kuma suna fitowa daga allahntaka. Abin da yake ko ba allahntaka ba za a iya bayyana shi ba kamar yadda tsarin imani daban-daban ke amfani da shi. A karkashin allahntaka guda daya da allahntaka da yawa wannan an bayyana shi a sarari. Koyaya, a cikin pantheism da animism wannan ya zama daidai da ra'ayoyin tsarki da wucewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pantheism |url=http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503220401/http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=The Matter with Pantheism: Race, Gender, Divinity, and Dirt |url=https://www.ice.dartmouth.edu/events/the-matter-with-pantheism-race-gender-divinity-and-dirt}}</ref> == Magana == Tushen kalmar ''''Allah'''' shine Latin ''divus'' ma'anar ko mallakar Allah (allahntaka). Kalmar ta shiga Turanci daga Latin na zamani a karni na 14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divinity |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013204014/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=Merriam-Wester}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == Allahntaka a matsayin inganci yana da amfani daban-daban guda biyu: * Ikon Allah ko iko - Ikon ko dakarun da ke duniya, ko kuma sun wuce ikon dan adam * Allahntaka da aka yi amfani da ita ga mutane - Halayen mutane wadanda ake la'akari da samun dama ta musamman ko dangantaka da allahntaka. Haduwa tana faruwa tsakanin wadannan amfani saboda alloli ko kungiyoyin allahntaka galibi iri daya ne ko kuma an gano su ta hanyar iko da dakarun da aka ba su - a lokuta da yawa, allahntaka kawai iko ne ko karfi da aka kwatanta - kuma wadannan iko da doki za a iya fadada ko ba su ga mutane masu [[Dan Adam|Mutuwa]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;Alal misali, Jehovah's yana da alaka da hadari da tsawa a cikin yawancin [[Tsohon Alkawari]]. An ce yana magana da tsawa, kuma ana ganin tsawa a matsayin alamar fushinsa. An ba da wannan ikon ga annabawa kamar [[Musa]] da [[Sama'ila]], wadanda suka haifar da tsawa mai tsawa don ruwan sama a kan abokan gaba. Allahntaka koyaushe yana dauke da ma'anar nagarta, kyakkyawa, alheri, [[adalci]], da sauran halaye masu kyau, na zamantakewa. A cikin addinan allahntaka guda daya akwai daidaitattun halittu masu ban mamaki da iko, kamar aljanu, ''aljanu'' da sauransu, wadanda ba a kira su allahntaka ba; ana amfani da aljanu sau da yawa a maimakon haka. Tsarin imani na polytheistic da na animistic ba ya yin irin wannan bambanci; alloli da sauran halittu masu iko sau da yawa suna da rikitarwa, maras kyau, ko ma abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba don ayyukansu. Lura cewa yayin da ake ''aljani'' da kalmomin aljanu da aljanu a cikin addinan ''Allahntaka'' guda ɗaya a matsayin antonyms ga ''allahntaka'', a zahiri an samo su ne daga kalmar Helenanci ''daimón'' (δαίμων), wanda kansa ke fassara shi azaman allahntaka. === Amfani a cikin jawabin addini === Akwai amfani daban-daban guda uku na ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka a cikin jawabin addini: ==== kungiyar ====   A cikin addinan ''allahntaka'' guda daya, ana amfani da kalmar allahntaka sau da yawa don nuna [[Allah|Allah daya]] na tsakiya ga wannan bangaskiya. Sau da yawa kalmar tana daukar takamaiman labarin kuma an buga shi - ''"Allahntaka"'' - kamar dai Sunan da ya dace ne ko girmamawa ta karshe. Ana iya amfani da ''Allahntaka'' - mai mahimmanci - a matsayin adjective don nuna alamun irin wannan allahntaka ko ikonsa: misali "basking a cikin kasancewar Allah..."&nbsp;&nbsp; Kalmomin ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka - ba a buga su ba, kuma ba su da takamaiman labarin - wani lokacin ana amfani da su don nuna 'allah (s) ko wasu wasu halittu da dungiyoyi wadanda ba su da cikakkiyar Allahntaka amma suna waje da mulkin dan adam. ==== Ikon Allah ko iko ==== Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, alloli suna da alaka da ikon da aka ba su, don haka a wasu lokuta ana iya kiran iko ko dakarun da kansu da kansu. Wannan yana haifar da amfani na biyu na kalmar ''''allahntaka'''' (kuma ba a saba amfani da allahntaka ba): don komawa ga aikin iko mai girma a duniya. A cikin mafi kyawun tsari, aikin iko mai girma yana nuna wani nau'i na sa hannun Allah. Ga addinan allahntaka guda daya da na allahntaka da yawa wannan yawanci yana nuna aikin kai tsaye na wani allah ko wani a yayin abubuwan da suka faru na dan adam. A cikin tarihin Girka, alal misali, Poseidon (allahn teku) ne ya tayar da guguwar da ta hura jirgin Odysseus a kan hanyar dawowarsa, kuma al'adar [[Japan|Jafananci]] ta rike cewa iska da aka aiko ta cece su daga mamayar Mongol. Addu'o'i ko kafara galibi ana Mika su ga takamaiman alloli don samun sa hannun jari a wasu kamfanoni: misali tafiye-tafiye masu aminci, nasara a yaki, ko lokacin amfanin gona mai yawa. Addinai da yawa a duniya - daga [[Shinto]] na Japan da addinin gargajiya na kasar Sin, zuwa wasu ayyukan Afirka da addinan da aka samo daga wadanda ke cikin Caribbean, zuwa imanin 'yan asalin Amurka - suna rike da cewa alloli na kakanninmu ko na gida suna ba da kariya da albarka na yau da kullun. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinai masu bin Allah daya, sa hannun Allah na iya daukar siffofi kai tsaye: mu'ujizai, wahayi, ko rodo ta mutane masu albarka.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> karfi ko iko mai girma na iya aiki ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba su da ma'ana da kai tsaye. Addinai na Allah daya gaba daya suna tallafawa wasu nau'ikan tanadin Allah, wanda ya yarda cewa allahntakar bangaskiya tana da zurfi amma ba a san shi ba koyaushe yana bayyana a duniya. Abubuwan da ba a iya hangowa ba, masu yawa, ko kuma wadanda ba su da adalci galibi ana jefa su a kan 'nufin Allah', a cikin girmamawa kamar ''inshallah'' [[Musulmi]] ('kamar yadda Allah yake so') da kuma 'Allah yana aiki ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki'. Sau da yawa irin wadannan imani suna rike da yiwuwar ramuwar gayya ta Allah, inda allahntaka ba zato ba tsammani zai kawo masu aikata Mugunta ga adalci ta hanyar ayyukan al'ada na duniya; daga boyewar warware kananan laifuffuka na mutum zuwa irin wannan babban lalacewa kamar halakar Saduma da Goma ko Babban Ambaliyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Sauran addinai sun fi rikitarwa: koyarwar ''[[karma]]'' da [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] da Hindu suka raba doka ce ta allahntaka mai kama da fansa ta allahntakusa amma ba tare da ma'anar azabtarwa ba: ayyukanmu, masu kyau ko marasa kyau, da gangan ko marasa gangan, suna tunani a gare mu a matsayin wani bangare na aikin halitta na sararin samaniya. Har ila yau, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Tao" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taoism">Taoism] na falsafa yana ba da shawarar ka'idar aiki mai mahimmanci - wanda aka fassara a cikin Turanci a matsayin tao ko ''Dao'', ma'ana 'hanyar' - wanda ba abu ba ne ko kuma mutum da kansa, amma yana nuna tsarin halitta na duniya. &nbsp;&nbsp;Masana'antar yammacin zamani da falsafar sabuwar zamani galibi suna amfani da kalmar 'Allah' a matsayin suna a cikin wannan ma'anar: ka'idar da ba ta da takamaiman ko kasancewa ka'ida ke haifar da duniya, kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ko [[Wellspring of life|maɓuɓɓugar rayuwa]]. A cikin waɗannan lokuta na ƙarshe, addinai ba sa inganta girmamawa, ''ka'' yadda yake faruwa a cikin allahntaka ''daga''; maimakon haka kowannensu yana ba da shawarar hanyar aiki wanda zai kawo mai aiki cikin daidaituwa da dokar allahntaka: ''ahimsa'' - 'babu lahani' - ga addinin Buddha da Hindu; de ko te - 'aiki mai kyau' - a cikin Taoism; da kuma duk wani aiki mai yawa na zaman lafiya da kauna a cikin tunanin sabon zamani.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Mai Mutuwa ====   A cikin amfani na uku, fadada allahntaka da ikon allahntaka ana ba da su ga rayayyu, mutane masu mutuwa. An san shugabannin siyasa da cewa sun yi ikirarin ainihin allahntaka a wasu al'ummomin farko - Fir'auna na tsohuwar Masar shine babban shari'a - suna taka rawa a matsayin abubuwa na ibada kuma ana ba da su matsayi da iko. &nbsp;&nbsp;Mafi yawanci, kuma mafi dacewa da tarihin kwanan nan, shugabannin kawai suna da'awar wani nau'i na [[Mandate (theology)|umarni]] Allah, suna nuna cewa mulkin su ya dace da nufin Allah. An gabatar da koyarwar ikon allahntaka na [[Sarki|Sarakuna]] a karshen karni na 17, yana ba da shawarar cewa sarakuna su yi mulki ta hanyar umarnin Allah; Sarkin sarakuna na Japan sun yi mulki ta wurin umarnin Allah har zuwa farkon kundin tsarin mulkin Japan bayan [[Yakin Duniya na II|Yakin Duniya na II]] Rashin siyasa, yawancin addinai suna da yawan mutanen da aka yi imanin cewa ikon allahntaka ya taba su: tsarkaka, [[Manzo|annabawa]], jarumawa, annabawa da shahidai, da masu haske, da sauransu. Saint Francis na Assisi, a cikin Katolika, an ce ya sami umarni kai tsaye daga [[Allah]] kuma an yi imanin cewa yana ba da cikakkiyar yardar rai duk wanda ya furta zunubansu kuma ya ziyarci dakin sujada a ranar da ta dace. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, mahaifiyar Achilles ta wanke shi a cikin kogin Styx don ba shi rashin mutuwa, kuma Hercules - a matsayin dan Zeus - ya gaji ikon allahntaka. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinin [[Taoism]], ana girmama [[Laozi]] a matsayin mai tsarki tare da ikonsa. Mutane daban-daban a cikin addinin Buddha, farawa da [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha]], ana daukar su masu haske, kuma a cikin siffofin addinin Buddha ana ba su ikon allahntaka. An ce Kristi a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki dan Allah ne kuma an ce ya yi mu'ujizai na Allah. Gabadaya, ana rarrabe mutane masu mutuwa tare da halaye na allahntaka daga allahntaka ko alloli a cikin babban allon addininsu.<ref>This is sometimes a [[controversial]] issue, however; see [https://web.archive.org/web/20040905184055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/features/emperor/index.shtml The Divinity of the Emperor], for example, for a discussion of the status of the [[Japan|Japanese]] emperor.</ref> Ko da bangaskiyar Kirista, wacce gabaɗaya take riƙe da Kristi daidai da Allah, tana rarrabe tsakanin Allah Uba da Kristi ɗa da aka haifa. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu makarantu masu ban mamaki da na asiri, wadanda ke cikin addinai da yawa - [[Sufiyya|Sufis]] a cikin Islama, [[Ginost|Gnostics]] a cikin Kristanci, Advaitan Hindu, Zen Buddha, da kuma ra'ayoyi da yawa da ba takamaiman ba wadanda aka habaka a cikin falsafar zamani - wadanda ke rike da cewa duk mutane suna cikin ainihin allahntaka, ko kuma sun haɗa kai da Allah a hanyar da ba ta dace ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;Irin wannan allahntaka, a cikin wadannan bangaskiya, zai bayyana kansa ta halitta idan ba a rufe shi da duniyar zamantakewa da ta zahiri da muke rayuwa a ciki ba; yana bukatar a gabatar da shi ta hanyar ayyukan ruhaniya masu dacewa. == A cikin addinai == === Kiristanci === A cikin [[Sabon Alkawari]] kalmar Helenanci θεῖον (theion) a cikin Douay Version, an fassara shi a matsayin "allahntaka". Misalan suna kasa: * Ayyukan Manzanni 17:29 : "Sai ma da yake 'ya'yan Allah ne, dole ne mu yi zaton allahntaka ya kasance kamar zinariya, ko azurfa, ko dutse, zane-zane, da na'urar mutum". * Romawa 1:20 : "Ga abubuwan da ba a ganuwa na shi, daga halittar duniya, ana ganinsu a sarari, ana fahimtar su ta abubuwan da aka yi; ikonsa na har abada ma, da allahntaka: don haka ba za a iya gafarta su ba. " * Ru'ya ta Yohanna 5:12 : "Yana da babbar murya: dan rago da aka kashe ya cancanci karbar iko, da allahntaka, da hikima, da karfi, da girmamawa, da daukaka, da albarka. " Kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin ko dai "allahntaka", "Allahntaka", ko "allahntaki" a cikin Sabon Alkawari na Helenanci kuma kalmar Helenanci θεότητος (''teotētos''), kuma aya daya da ke kunshe da shi shine wannan: Kolosiyawa 2:9 : "Abin da ke cikin ipso inhabitat omnis plenitudo divinitatis [allahntaka] corporaliter". (Vulgate) : "Gama a cikinsa akwai duk cikakkiyar Allah a jiki". (KJV) : "Saboda a cikinsa ne duk cikakkiyar ingancin allahntaka ke zaune a jiki". (NWT) : "Game a cikinsa duk cikakkiyar allahntaka tana rayuwa a cikin jiki. " (NET) : "Domin cikakken abun ciki na yanayin allahntaka yana rayuwa cikin Kristi. " (TEV) Kalmar "allahntaka" a cikin Sabon Alkawari ita ce kalmar Helenanci θείας (theias), kuma ita ce nau'in adjective na "allahntaki". Misalan Littafi Mai-Tsarki daga King James Bible sune a ƙasa: * 2 Bitrus 1:3 : "Dangane da ikon allahntaka ya ba mu duk abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa da allahntaka, ta hanyar sanin shi wanda ya kira mu zuwa daukaka da nagarta". * 2 Bitrus 1:4 : "Inda aka ba mu alkawura masu girma da daraja: cewa ta hanyar wadannan ku iya zama masu shiga cikin yanayin allahntaka, bayan ku tsere wa cin hanci da rashawa da ke cikin duniya ta hanyar sha'awa. " ==== Masu Tsarki na Karshe ====   Mafi shahararren ra'ayi na Allahntaka a cikin Ikilisiyar [[Isa|Yesu]] Almasihu na Kiristoci na Karshe (LDS Church) shine Allah, majalisa ta allahntaka ta halittu uku daban-daban: Elohim (Uba), Jehovah's (da, ko Yesu), da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Joseph Smith ya bayyana Allahn da ba na Triniti ba, tare da Allah Uba da Yesu Kristi kowannensu yana da jikin mutum, kuma Ruhu Mai Tsarki a matsayin mutum mai banbanci tare da jikin ruhu. Smith kuma ta gabatar da wanzuwar Uwar Sama a cikin King Follett Discourse, amma kadan ne aka amince da shi ko aka sani bayan wanzuwarta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kimball |first=Spencer W. |author-link=Spencer W. Kimball |date=May 1978 |title=The True Way of Life and Salvation |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |publisher=LDS Church |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221150852/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref> Mormon suna da imani da ikon allahntaka na bil'adama; Smith ya koyar da wani nau'i na allahntaka inda maza da mata masu mutuwa zasu iya zama kamar allah ta hanyar ceto da daukakawa. Lorenzo Snow ya takaita wannan ta hanyar amfani da ma'anar, wanda sau da yawa ake maimaitawa a cikin Ikilisiyar LDS: "Kamar yadda mutum yake yanzu, Allah ya taɓa kasancewa: Kamar yadda Allah yake yanzu, mutum na iya zama. "<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lund |first=Gerald N. |author-link=Gerald N. Lund |date=February 1982 |title=I Have a Question: Is President Lorenzo Snow's oft-repeated statement—"As man now is, God once was; as God now is, man may be"—accepted as official doctrine by the Church? |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902164957/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last3=Noel B. Reynolds}}</ref> === Wicca === Ra'ayoyin Wiccan game da allahntaka gaba daya suna da tauhidi, kuma suna kewaye da allahiya da Allah mai Kaho, don haka suna da dualistic. A cikin Wicca na gargajiya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen Gerald Gardner da Doreen Valiente, an jaddada shi ne a kan taken bambancin jinsi na allahntaka, kuma Allah da Allahntaka ana daukar su daidai kuma suna adawa da ikon allahntaka na sararin samaniya. A wasu sababbin siffofi na Wicca, kamar mata ko Dianic Wicca. A wasu nau'o'in maita gargajiya wadanda ke da irin wannan tauhidin duotheistic, ana ba da Allah mai Kaho a kan Allahn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Witchcraft Compared to Wicca |url=http://www.blue-moon-manor.com/articles/compared-to-wicca.html}}</ref> == Addinin Epicureanism ==   Falsafar Epicurean ta yarda da wanzuwar alloli, amma tunda ba ta yarda da allahntaka ba kuma tana koyar da cewa duk abubuwa abu ne na zahiri, tana gabatar da tauhidin inda alloli na Epicurean halittu ne na zahiri wadanda jikinsu aka yi da kwayoyin halitta kuma wadanda ke zaune a yankin tsakanin kalmomi (intermundia). Ba lallai ba ne a ce, wadannan alloli ba sa bukatar bautarmu, ba masu halitta ba ne ko masu kula da sararin samaniya, kuma ba sa amsa addu'o'i. Sabili da haka, tauhidin Epicurean ya kasance daidai a cikin masarautar hasashe game da rayuwa mai girma, mai basira. Koyaya, Epicurus na Samos (wanda ya kafa Makarantar) ya fahimci amfanin addini da kuma alamomin hadin kai na tsakiya. Ya kasance mai tsayin daka a cikin abin da ya buƙaci cewa almajiransa su kasance masu ibada, kuma sun kafa tabo biyu game da tunanin su game da alloli: dole ne su yi imani da cewa alloli na su ba su da mutuwa (wato, ba za a iya hallaka su ba kuma sun gamsu) kuma sun sami albarka (mai farin ciki, ko farin ciki). A waje da wannan, Epicureans suna da 'yanci suyi hasashe game da yanayin mafi girman nau'ikan rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya. == Dubi kuma == * Apotheosis * Ilimin Kristi * Allahntaka * Yin Allahntaka (Kirista) * Ho'oponopono (Sashe na Mornah) * Jerin alloli * Mai Tsarki == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hadin waje ==   * {{Commons category-inline|Divinity}} {{Theism}}{{Belief systems}}{{Theology}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Holy]] [[Category:Sacred]] [[Category:Theology]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hc465mfrd64j8agcatn15zssvsqol8t 890517 890516 2026-08-02T10:35:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 890517 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Alegoría de la Santísima Trinidad (s. XVIII) de autor no identificado en Símbolo y Reino 01.jpg|thumb|allahntaka]]   [[File:Isaac_Oliver_Elizabeth_I_and_the_Three_Goddesses.jpg|thumb|250x250px|''Elizabeth I da alloli uku'' (Juno, Minerva, da Venus), na Isaac Oliver, c. 1558]] ''''''Allahn'''''' ko allahntaka abubuwa ne da ke da alaka da, sadaukar da kai, ko kuma suna fitowa daga allahntaka. Abin da yake ko ba allahntaka ba za a iya bayyana shi ba kamar yadda tsarin imani daban-daban ke amfani da shi. A karkashin allahntaka guda daya da allahntaka da yawa wannan an bayyana shi a sarari. Koyaya, a cikin pantheism da animism wannan ya zama daidai da ra'ayoyin tsarki da wucewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pantheism |url=http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503220401/http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=The Matter with Pantheism: Race, Gender, Divinity, and Dirt |url=https://www.ice.dartmouth.edu/events/the-matter-with-pantheism-race-gender-divinity-and-dirt}}</ref> == Magana == Tushen kalmar ''''Allah'''' shine Latin ''divus'' ma'anar ko mallakar Allah (allahntaka). Kalmar ta shiga Turanci daga Latin na zamani a karni na 14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divinity |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013204014/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=Merriam-Wester}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == Allahntaka a matsayin inganci yana da amfani daban-daban guda biyu: * Ikon Allah ko iko - Ikon ko dakarun da ke duniya, ko kuma sun wuce ikon dan adam * Allahntaka da aka yi amfani da ita ga mutane - Halayen mutane wadanda ake la'akari da samun dama ta musamman ko dangantaka da allahntaka. Haduwa tana faruwa tsakanin wadannan amfani saboda alloli ko kungiyoyin allahntaka galibi iri daya ne ko kuma an gano su ta hanyar iko da dakarun da aka ba su - a lokuta da yawa, allahntaka kawai iko ne ko karfi da aka kwatanta - kuma wadannan iko da doki za a iya fadada ko ba su ga mutane masu [[Dan Adam|Mutuwa]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;Alal misali, Jehovah's yana da alaka da hadari da tsawa a cikin yawancin [[Tsohon Alkawari]]. An ce yana magana da tsawa, kuma ana ganin tsawa a matsayin alamar fushinsa. An ba da wannan ikon ga annabawa kamar [[Musa]] da [[Sama'ila]], wadanda suka haifar da tsawa mai tsawa don ruwan sama a kan abokan gaba. Allahntaka koyaushe yana dauke da ma'anar nagarta, kyakkyawa, alheri, [[adalci]], da sauran halaye masu kyau, na zamantakewa. A cikin addinan allahntaka guda daya akwai daidaitattun halittu masu ban mamaki da iko, kamar aljanu, ''aljanu'' da sauransu, wadanda ba a kira su allahntaka ba; ana amfani da aljanu sau da yawa a maimakon haka. Tsarin imani na polytheistic da na animistic ba ya yin irin wannan bambanci; alloli da sauran halittu masu iko sau da yawa suna da rikitarwa, maras kyau, ko ma abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba don ayyukansu. Lura cewa yayin da ake ''aljani'' da kalmomin aljanu da aljanu a cikin addinan ''Allahntaka'' guda ɗaya a matsayin antonyms ga ''allahntaka'', a zahiri an samo su ne daga kalmar Helenanci ''daimón'' (δαίμων), wanda kansa ke fassara shi azaman allahntaka. === Amfani a cikin jawabin addini === Akwai amfani daban-daban guda uku na ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka a cikin jawabin addini: ==== kungiyar ====   A cikin addinan ''allahntaka'' guda daya, ana amfani da kalmar allahntaka sau da yawa don nuna [[Allah|Allah daya]] na tsakiya ga wannan bangaskiya. Sau da yawa kalmar tana daukar takamaiman labarin kuma an buga shi - ''"Allahntaka"'' - kamar dai Sunan da ya dace ne ko girmamawa ta karshe. Ana iya amfani da ''Allahntaka'' - mai mahimmanci - a matsayin adjective don nuna alamun irin wannan allahntaka ko ikonsa: misali "basking a cikin kasancewar Allah..."&nbsp;&nbsp; Kalmomin ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka - ba a buga su ba, kuma ba su da takamaiman labarin - wani lokacin ana amfani da su don nuna 'allah (s) ko wasu wasu halittu da dungiyoyi wadanda ba su da cikakkiyar Allahntaka amma suna waje da mulkin dan adam. ==== Ikon Allah ko iko ==== Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, alloli suna da alaka da ikon da aka ba su, don haka a wasu lokuta ana iya kiran iko ko dakarun da kansu da kansu. Wannan yana haifar da amfani na biyu na kalmar ''''allahntaka'''' (kuma ba a saba amfani da allahntaka ba): don komawa ga aikin iko mai girma a duniya. A cikin mafi kyawun tsari, aikin iko mai girma yana nuna wani nau'i na sa hannun Allah. Ga addinan allahntaka guda daya da na allahntaka da yawa wannan yawanci yana nuna aikin kai tsaye na wani allah ko wani a yayin abubuwan da suka faru na dan adam. A cikin tarihin Girka, alal misali, Poseidon (allahn teku) ne ya tayar da guguwar da ta hura jirgin Odysseus a kan hanyar dawowarsa, kuma al'adar [[Japan|Jafananci]] ta rike cewa iska da aka aiko ta cece su daga mamayar Mongol. Addu'o'i ko kafara galibi ana Mika su ga takamaiman alloli don samun sa hannun jari a wasu kamfanoni: misali tafiye-tafiye masu aminci, nasara a yaki, ko lokacin amfanin gona mai yawa. Addinai da yawa a duniya - daga [[Shinto]] na Japan da addinin gargajiya na kasar Sin, zuwa wasu ayyukan Afirka da addinan da aka samo daga wadanda ke cikin Caribbean, zuwa imanin 'yan asalin Amurka - suna rike da cewa alloli na kakanninmu ko na gida suna ba da kariya da albarka na yau da kullun. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinai masu bin Allah daya, sa hannun Allah na iya daukar siffofi kai tsaye: mu'ujizai, wahayi, ko rodo ta mutane masu albarka.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> karfi ko iko mai girma na iya aiki ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba su da ma'ana da kai tsaye. Addinai na Allah daya gaba daya suna tallafawa wasu nau'ikan tanadin Allah, wanda ya yarda cewa allahntakar bangaskiya tana da zurfi amma ba a san shi ba koyaushe yana bayyana a duniya. Abubuwan da ba a iya hangowa ba, masu yawa, ko kuma wadanda ba su da adalci galibi ana jefa su a kan 'nufin Allah', a cikin girmamawa kamar ''inshallah'' [[Musulmi]] ('kamar yadda Allah yake so') da kuma 'Allah yana aiki ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki'. Sau da yawa irin wadannan imani suna rike da yiwuwar ramuwar gayya ta Allah, inda allahntaka ba zato ba tsammani zai kawo masu aikata Mugunta ga adalci ta hanyar ayyukan al'ada na duniya; daga boyewar warware kananan laifuffuka na mutum zuwa irin wannan babban lalacewa kamar halakar Saduma da Goma ko Babban Ambaliyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Sauran addinai sun fi rikitarwa: koyarwar ''[[karma]]'' da [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] da Hindu suka raba doka ce ta allahntaka mai kama da fansa ta allahntakusa amma ba tare da ma'anar azabtarwa ba: ayyukanmu, masu kyau ko marasa kyau, da gangan ko marasa gangan, suna tunani a gare mu a matsayin wani bangare na aikin halitta na sararin samaniya. Har ila yau, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Tao" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taoism">Taoism] na falsafa yana ba da shawarar ka'idar aiki mai mahimmanci - wanda aka fassara a cikin Turanci a matsayin tao ko ''Dao'', ma'ana 'hanyar' - wanda ba abu ba ne ko kuma mutum da kansa, amma yana nuna tsarin halitta na duniya. &nbsp;&nbsp;Masana'antar yammacin zamani da falsafar sabuwar zamani galibi suna amfani da kalmar 'Allah' a matsayin suna a cikin wannan ma'anar: ka'idar da ba ta da takamaiman ko kasancewa ka'ida ke haifar da duniya, kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ko [[Wellspring of life|maɓuɓɓugar rayuwa]]. A cikin waɗannan lokuta na ƙarshe, addinai ba sa inganta girmamawa, ''ka'' yadda yake faruwa a cikin allahntaka ''daga''; maimakon haka kowannensu yana ba da shawarar hanyar aiki wanda zai kawo mai aiki cikin daidaituwa da dokar allahntaka: ''ahimsa'' - 'babu lahani' - ga addinin Buddha da Hindu; de ko te - 'aiki mai kyau' - a cikin Taoism; da kuma duk wani aiki mai yawa na zaman lafiya da kauna a cikin tunanin sabon zamani.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Mai Mutuwa ====   A cikin amfani na uku, fadada allahntaka da ikon allahntaka ana ba da su ga rayayyu, mutane masu mutuwa. An san shugabannin siyasa da cewa sun yi ikirarin ainihin allahntaka a wasu al'ummomin farko - Fir'auna na tsohuwar Masar shine babban shari'a - suna taka rawa a matsayin abubuwa na ibada kuma ana ba da su matsayi da iko. &nbsp;&nbsp;Mafi yawanci, kuma mafi dacewa da tarihin kwanan nan, shugabannin kawai suna da'awar wani nau'i na [[Mandate (theology)|umarni]] Allah, suna nuna cewa mulkin su ya dace da nufin Allah. An gabatar da koyarwar ikon allahntaka na [[Sarki|Sarakuna]] a karshen karni na 17, yana ba da shawarar cewa sarakuna su yi mulki ta hanyar umarnin Allah; Sarkin sarakuna na Japan sun yi mulki ta wurin umarnin Allah har zuwa farkon kundin tsarin mulkin Japan bayan [[Yakin Duniya na II|Yakin Duniya na II]] Rashin siyasa, yawancin addinai suna da yawan mutanen da aka yi imanin cewa ikon allahntaka ya taba su: tsarkaka, [[Manzo|annabawa]], jarumawa, annabawa da shahidai, da masu haske, da sauransu. Saint Francis na Assisi, a cikin Katolika, an ce ya sami umarni kai tsaye daga [[Allah]] kuma an yi imanin cewa yana ba da cikakkiyar yardar rai duk wanda ya furta zunubansu kuma ya ziyarci dakin sujada a ranar da ta dace. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, mahaifiyar Achilles ta wanke shi a cikin kogin Styx don ba shi rashin mutuwa, kuma Hercules - a matsayin dan Zeus - ya gaji ikon allahntaka. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinin [[Taoism]], ana girmama [[Laozi]] a matsayin mai tsarki tare da ikonsa. Mutane daban-daban a cikin addinin Buddha, farawa da [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha]], ana daukar su masu haske, kuma a cikin siffofin addinin Buddha ana ba su ikon allahntaka. An ce Kristi a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki dan Allah ne kuma an ce ya yi mu'ujizai na Allah. Gabadaya, ana rarrabe mutane masu mutuwa tare da halaye na allahntaka daga allahntaka ko alloli a cikin babban allon addininsu.<ref>This is sometimes a [[controversial]] issue, however; see [https://web.archive.org/web/20040905184055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/features/emperor/index.shtml The Divinity of the Emperor], for example, for a discussion of the status of the [[Japan|Japanese]] emperor.</ref> Ko da bangaskiyar Kirista, wacce gabaɗaya take riƙe da Kristi daidai da Allah, tana rarrabe tsakanin Allah Uba da Kristi ɗa da aka haifa. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu makarantu masu ban mamaki da na asiri, wadanda ke cikin addinai da yawa - [[Sufiyya|Sufis]] a cikin Islama, [[Ginost|Gnostics]] a cikin Kristanci, Advaitan Hindu, Zen Buddha, da kuma ra'ayoyi da yawa da ba takamaiman ba wadanda aka habaka a cikin falsafar zamani - wadanda ke rike da cewa duk mutane suna cikin ainihin allahntaka, ko kuma sun haɗa kai da Allah a hanyar da ba ta dace ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;Irin wannan allahntaka, a cikin wadannan bangaskiya, zai bayyana kansa ta halitta idan ba a rufe shi da duniyar zamantakewa da ta zahiri da muke rayuwa a ciki ba; yana bukatar a gabatar da shi ta hanyar ayyukan ruhaniya masu dacewa. == A cikin addinai == === Kiristanci === A cikin [[Sabon Alkawari]] kalmar Helenanci θεῖον (theion) a cikin Douay Version, an fassara shi a matsayin "allahntaka". Misalan suna kasa: * Ayyukan Manzanni 17:29 : "Sai ma da yake 'ya'yan Allah ne, dole ne mu yi zaton allahntaka ya kasance kamar zinariya, ko azurfa, ko dutse, zane-zane, da na'urar mutum". * Romawa 1:20 : "Ga abubuwan da ba a ganuwa na shi, daga halittar duniya, ana ganinsu a sarari, ana fahimtar su ta abubuwan da aka yi; ikonsa na har abada ma, da allahntaka: don haka ba za a iya gafarta su ba. " * Ru'ya ta Yohanna 5:12 : "Yana da babbar murya: dan rago da aka kashe ya cancanci karbar iko, da allahntaka, da hikima, da karfi, da girmamawa, da daukaka, da albarka. " Kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin ko dai "allahntaka", "Allahntaka", ko "allahntaki" a cikin Sabon Alkawari na Helenanci kuma kalmar Helenanci θεότητος (''teotētos''), kuma aya daya da ke kunshe da shi shine wannan: Kolosiyawa 2:9 : "Abin da ke cikin ipso inhabitat omnis plenitudo divinitatis [allahntaka] corporaliter". (Vulgate) : "Gama a cikinsa akwai duk cikakkiyar Allah a jiki". (KJV) : "Saboda a cikinsa ne duk cikakkiyar ingancin allahntaka ke zaune a jiki". (NWT) : "Game a cikinsa duk cikakkiyar allahntaka tana rayuwa a cikin jiki. " (NET) : "Domin cikakken abun ciki na yanayin allahntaka yana rayuwa cikin Kristi. " (TEV) Kalmar "allahntaka" a cikin Sabon Alkawari ita ce kalmar Helenanci θείας (theias), kuma ita ce nau'in adjective na "allahntaki". Misalan Littafi Mai-Tsarki daga King James Bible sune a ƙasa: * 2 Bitrus 1:3 : "Dangane da ikon allahntaka ya ba mu duk abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa da allahntaka, ta hanyar sanin shi wanda ya kira mu zuwa daukaka da nagarta". * 2 Bitrus 1:4 : "Inda aka ba mu alkawura masu girma da daraja: cewa ta hanyar wadannan ku iya zama masu shiga cikin yanayin allahntaka, bayan ku tsere wa cin hanci da rashawa da ke cikin duniya ta hanyar sha'awa. " ==== Masu Tsarki na Karshe ====   Mafi shahararren ra'ayi na Allahntaka a cikin Ikilisiyar [[Isa|Yesu]] Almasihu na Kiristoci na Karshe (LDS Church) shine Allah, majalisa ta allahntaka ta halittu uku daban-daban: Elohim (Uba), Jehovah's (da, ko Yesu), da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Joseph Smith ya bayyana Allahn da ba na Triniti ba, tare da Allah Uba da Yesu Kristi kowannensu yana da jikin mutum, kuma Ruhu Mai Tsarki a matsayin mutum mai banbanci tare da jikin ruhu. Smith kuma ta gabatar da wanzuwar Uwar Sama a cikin King Follett Discourse, amma kadan ne aka amince da shi ko aka sani bayan wanzuwarta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kimball |first=Spencer W. |author-link=Spencer W. Kimball |date=May 1978 |title=The True Way of Life and Salvation |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |publisher=LDS Church |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221150852/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref> Mormon suna da imani da ikon allahntaka na bil'adama; Smith ya koyar da wani nau'i na allahntaka inda maza da mata masu mutuwa zasu iya zama kamar allah ta hanyar ceto da daukakawa. Lorenzo Snow ya takaita wannan ta hanyar amfani da ma'anar, wanda sau da yawa ake maimaitawa a cikin Ikilisiyar LDS: "Kamar yadda mutum yake yanzu, Allah ya taɓa kasancewa: Kamar yadda Allah yake yanzu, mutum na iya zama. "<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lund |first=Gerald N. |author-link=Gerald N. Lund |date=February 1982 |title=I Have a Question: Is President Lorenzo Snow's oft-repeated statement—"As man now is, God once was; as God now is, man may be"—accepted as official doctrine by the Church? |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902164957/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last3=Noel B. Reynolds}}</ref> === Wicca === Ra'ayoyin Wiccan game da allahntaka gaba daya suna da tauhidi, kuma suna kewaye da allahiya da Allah mai Kaho, don haka suna da dualistic. A cikin Wicca na gargajiya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen Gerald Gardner da Doreen Valiente, an jaddada shi ne a kan taken bambancin jinsi na allahntaka, kuma Allah da Allahntaka ana daukar su daidai kuma suna adawa da ikon allahntaka na sararin samaniya. A wasu sababbin siffofi na Wicca, kamar mata ko Dianic Wicca. A wasu nau'o'in maita gargajiya wadanda ke da irin wannan tauhidin duotheistic, ana ba da Allah mai Kaho a kan Allahn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Witchcraft Compared to Wicca |url=http://www.blue-moon-manor.com/articles/compared-to-wicca.html}}</ref> == Addinin Epicureanism ==   Falsafar Epicurean ta yarda da wanzuwar alloli, amma tunda ba ta yarda da allahntaka ba kuma tana koyar da cewa duk abubuwa abu ne na zahiri, tana gabatar da tauhidin inda alloli na Epicurean halittu ne na zahiri wadanda jikinsu aka yi da kwayoyin halitta kuma wadanda ke zaune a yankin tsakanin kalmomi (intermundia). Ba lallai ba ne a ce, wadannan alloli ba sa bukatar bautarmu, ba masu halitta ba ne ko masu kula da sararin samaniya, kuma ba sa amsa addu'o'i. Sabili da haka, tauhidin Epicurean ya kasance daidai a cikin masarautar hasashe game da rayuwa mai girma, mai basira. Koyaya, Epicurus na Samos (wanda ya kafa Makarantar) ya fahimci amfanin addini da kuma alamomin hadin kai na tsakiya. Ya kasance mai tsayin daka a cikin abin da ya buƙaci cewa almajiransa su kasance masu ibada, kuma sun kafa tabo biyu game da tunanin su game da alloli: dole ne su yi imani da cewa alloli na su ba su da mutuwa (wato, ba za a iya hallaka su ba kuma sun gamsu) kuma sun sami albarka (mai farin ciki, ko farin ciki). A waje da wannan, Epicureans suna da 'yanci suyi hasashe game da yanayin mafi girman nau'ikan rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya. == Dubi kuma == * Apotheosis * Ilimin Kristi * Allahntaka * Yin Allahntaka (Kirista) * Ho'oponopono (Sashe na Mornah) * Jerin alloli * Mai Tsarki == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hadin waje ==   * {{Commons category-inline|Divinity}} {{Theism}}{{Belief systems}}{{Theology}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Holy]] [[Category:Sacred]] [[Category:Theology]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fpsc0f1bkhr40grno48zsrkiz3ldyz4 890518 890517 2026-08-02T10:35:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 890518 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Alegoría de la Santísima Trinidad (s. XVIII) de autor no identificado en Símbolo y Reino 01.jpg|thumb|allahntaka]]   [[File:Isaac_Oliver_Elizabeth_I_and_the_Three_Goddesses.jpg|thumb|250x250px|''Elizabeth I da alloli uku'' (Juno, Minerva, da Venus), na Isaac Oliver, c. 1558]] ''''''Allahn'''''' ko allahntaka abubuwa ne da ke da alaka da, sadaukar da kai, ko kuma suna fitowa daga allahntaka. Abin da yake ko ba allahntaka ba za a iya bayyana shi ba kamar yadda tsarin imani daban-daban ke amfani da shi. A karkashin allahntaka guda daya da allahntaka da yawa wannan an bayyana shi a sarari. Koyaya, a cikin pantheism da animism wannan ya zama daidai da ra'ayoyin tsarki da wucewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pantheism |url=http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503220401/http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=The Matter with Pantheism: Race, Gender, Divinity, and Dirt |url=https://www.ice.dartmouth.edu/events/the-matter-with-pantheism-race-gender-divinity-and-dirt}}</ref> == Magana == Tushen kalmar ''''Allah'''' shine Latin ''divus'' ma'anar ko mallakar Allah (allahntaka). Kalmar ta shiga Turanci daga Latin na zamani a karni na 14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divinity |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013204014/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=Merriam-Wester}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == Allahntaka a matsayin inganci yana da amfani daban-daban guda biyu: * Ikon Allah ko iko - Ikon ko dakarun da ke duniya, ko kuma sun wuce ikon dan adam * Allahntaka da aka yi amfani da ita ga mutane - Halayen mutane wadanda ake la'akari da samun dama ta musamman ko dangantaka da allahntaka. Haduwa tana faruwa tsakanin wadannan amfani saboda alloli ko kungiyoyin allahntaka galibi iri daya ne ko kuma an gano su ta hanyar iko da dakarun da aka ba su - a lokuta da yawa, allahntaka kawai iko ne ko karfi da aka kwatanta - kuma wadannan iko da doki za a iya fadada ko ba su ga mutane masu [[Dan Adam|Mutuwa]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;Alal misali, Jehovah's yana da alaka da hadari da tsawa a cikin yawancin [[Tsohon Alkawari]]. An ce yana magana da tsawa, kuma ana ganin tsawa a matsayin alamar fushinsa. An ba da wannan ikon ga annabawa kamar [[Musa]] da [[Sama'ila]], wadanda suka haifar da tsawa mai tsawa don ruwan sama a kan abokan gaba. Allahntaka koyaushe yana dauke da ma'anar nagarta, kyakkyawa, alheri, [[adalci]], da sauran halaye masu kyau, na zamantakewa. A cikin addinan allahntaka guda daya akwai daidaitattun halittu masu ban mamaki da iko, kamar aljanu, ''aljanu'' da sauransu, wadanda ba a kira su allahntaka ba; ana amfani da aljanu sau da yawa a maimakon haka. Tsarin imani na polytheistic da na animistic ba ya yin irin wannan bambanci; alloli da sauran halittu masu iko sau da yawa suna da rikitarwa, maras kyau, ko ma abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba don ayyukansu. Lura cewa yayin da ake ''aljani'' da kalmomin aljanu da aljanu a cikin addinan ''Allahntaka'' guda ɗaya a matsayin antonyms ga ''allahntaka'', a zahiri an samo su ne daga kalmar Helenanci ''daimón'' (δαίμων), wanda kansa ke fassara shi azaman allahntaka. === Amfani a cikin jawabin addini === Akwai amfani daban-daban guda uku na ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka a cikin jawabin addini: ==== kungiyar ====   A cikin addinan ''allahntaka'' guda daya, ana amfani da kalmar allahntaka sau da yawa don nuna [[Allah|Allah daya]] na tsakiya ga wannan bangaskiya. Sau da yawa kalmar tana daukar takamaiman labarin kuma an buga shi - ''"Allahntaka"'' - kamar dai Sunan da ya dace ne ko girmamawa ta karshe. Ana iya amfani da ''Allahntaka'' - mai mahimmanci - a matsayin adjective don nuna alamun irin wannan allahntaka ko ikonsa: misali "basking a cikin kasancewar Allah..."&nbsp;&nbsp; Kalmomin ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka - ba a buga su ba, kuma ba su da takamaiman labarin - wani lokacin ana amfani da su don nuna 'allah (s) ko wasu wasu halittu da dungiyoyi wadanda ba su da cikakkiyar Allahntaka amma suna waje da mulkin dan adam. ==== Ikon Allah ko iko ==== Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, alloli suna da alaka da ikon da aka ba su, don haka a wasu lokuta ana iya kiran iko ko dakarun da kansu da kansu. Wannan yana haifar da amfani na biyu na kalmar ''''allahntaka'''' (kuma ba a saba amfani da allahntaka ba): don komawa ga aikin iko mai girma a duniya. A cikin mafi kyawun tsari, aikin iko mai girma yana nuna wani nau'i na sa hannun Allah. Ga addinan allahntaka guda daya da na allahntaka da yawa wannan yawanci yana nuna aikin kai tsaye na wani allah ko wani a yayin abubuwan da suka faru na dan adam. A cikin tarihin Girka, alal misali, Poseidon (allahn teku) ne ya tayar da guguwar da ta hura jirgin Odysseus a kan hanyar dawowarsa, kuma al'adar [[Japan|Jafananci]] ta rike cewa iska da aka aiko ta cece su daga mamayar Mongol. Addu'o'i ko kafara galibi ana Mika su ga takamaiman alloli don samun sa hannun jari a wasu kamfanoni: misali tafiye-tafiye masu aminci, nasara a yaki, ko lokacin amfanin gona mai yawa. Addinai da yawa a duniya - daga [[Shinto]] na Japan da addinin gargajiya na kasar Sin, zuwa wasu ayyukan Afirka da addinan da aka samo daga wadanda ke cikin Caribbean, zuwa imanin 'yan asalin Amurka - suna rike da cewa alloli na kakanninmu ko na gida suna ba da kariya da albarka na yau da kullun. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinai masu bin Allah daya, sa hannun Allah na iya daukar siffofi kai tsaye: mu'ujizai, wahayi, ko rodo ta mutane masu albarka.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> karfi ko iko mai girma na iya aiki ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba su da ma'ana da kai tsaye. Addinai na Allah daya gaba daya suna tallafawa wasu nau'ikan tanadin Allah, wanda ya yarda cewa allahntakar bangaskiya tana da zurfi amma ba a san shi ba koyaushe yana bayyana a duniya. Abubuwan da ba a iya hangowa ba, masu yawa, ko kuma wadanda ba su da adalci galibi ana jefa su a kan 'nufin Allah', a cikin girmamawa kamar ''inshallah'' [[Musulmi]] ('kamar yadda Allah yake so') da kuma 'Allah yana aiki ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki'. Sau da yawa irin wadannan imani suna rike da yiwuwar ramuwar gayya ta Allah, inda allahntaka ba zato ba tsammani zai kawo masu aikata Mugunta ga adalci ta hanyar ayyukan al'ada na duniya; daga boyewar warware kananan laifuffuka na mutum zuwa irin wannan babban lalacewa kamar halakar Saduma da Goma ko Babban Ambaliyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Sauran addinai sun fi rikitarwa: koyarwar ''[[karma]]'' da [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] da Hindu suka raba doka ce ta allahntaka mai kama da fansa ta allahntakusa amma ba tare da ma'anar azabtarwa ba: ayyukanmu, masu kyau ko marasa kyau, da gangan ko marasa gangan, suna tunani a gare mu a matsayin wani bangare na aikin halitta na sararin samaniya. Har ila yau, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Tao" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taoism">Taoism] na falsafa yana ba da shawarar ka'idar aiki mai mahimmanci - wanda aka fassara a cikin Turanci a matsayin tao ko ''Dao'', ma'ana 'hanyar' - wanda ba abu ba ne ko kuma mutum da kansa, amma yana nuna tsarin halitta na duniya. &nbsp;&nbsp;Masana'antar yammacin zamani da falsafar sabuwar zamani galibi suna amfani da kalmar 'Allah' a matsayin suna a cikin wannan ma'anar: ka'idar da ba ta da takamaiman ko kasancewa ka'ida ke haifar da duniya, kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ko [[Wellspring of life|maɓuɓɓugar rayuwa]]. A cikin waɗannan lokuta na ƙarshe, addinai ba sa inganta girmamawa, ''ka'' yadda yake faruwa a cikin allahntaka ''daga''; maimakon haka kowannensu yana ba da shawarar hanyar aiki wanda zai kawo mai aiki cikin daidaituwa da dokar allahntaka: ''ahimsa'' - 'babu lahani' - ga addinin Buddha da Hindu; de ko te - 'aiki mai kyau' - a cikin Taoism; da kuma duk wani aiki mai yawa na zaman lafiya da kauna a cikin tunanin sabon zamani.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Mai Mutuwa ====   A cikin amfani na uku, fadada allahntaka da ikon allahntaka ana ba da su ga rayayyu, mutane masu mutuwa. An san shugabannin siyasa da cewa sun yi ikirarin ainihin allahntaka a wasu al'ummomin farko - Fir'auna na tsohuwar Masar shine babban shari'a - suna taka rawa a matsayin abubuwa na ibada kuma ana ba da su matsayi da iko. &nbsp;&nbsp;Mafi yawanci, kuma mafi dacewa da tarihin kwanan nan, shugabannin kawai suna da'awar wani nau'i na [[Mandate (theology)|umarni]] Allah, suna nuna cewa mulkin su ya dace da nufin Allah. An gabatar da koyarwar ikon allahntaka na [[Sarki|Sarakuna]] a karshen karni na 17, yana ba da shawarar cewa sarakuna su yi mulki ta hanyar umarnin Allah; Sarkin sarakuna na Japan sun yi mulki ta wurin umarnin Allah har zuwa farkon kundin tsarin mulkin Japan bayan [[Yakin Duniya na II|Yakin Duniya na II]] Rashin siyasa, yawancin addinai suna da yawan mutanen da aka yi imanin cewa ikon allahntaka ya taba su: tsarkaka, [[Manzo|annabawa]], jarumawa, annabawa da shahidai, da masu haske, da sauransu. Saint Francis na Assisi, a cikin Katolika, an ce ya sami umarni kai tsaye daga [[Allah]] kuma an yi imanin cewa yana ba da cikakkiyar yardar rai duk wanda ya furta zunubansu kuma ya ziyarci dakin sujada a ranar da ta dace. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, mahaifiyar Achilles ta wanke shi a cikin kogin Styx don ba shi rashin mutuwa, kuma Hercules - a matsayin dan Zeus - ya gaji ikon allahntaka. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinin [[Taoism]], ana girmama [[Laozi]] a matsayin mai tsarki tare da ikonsa. Mutane daban-daban a cikin addinin Buddha, farawa da [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha]], ana daukar su masu haske, kuma a cikin siffofin addinin Buddha ana ba su ikon allahntaka. An ce Kristi a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki dan Allah ne kuma an ce ya yi mu'ujizai na Allah. Gabadaya, ana rarrabe mutane masu mutuwa tare da halaye na allahntaka daga allahntaka ko alloli a cikin babban allon addininsu.<ref>This is sometimes a [[controversial]] issue, however; see [https://web.archive.org/web/20040905184055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/features/emperor/index.shtml The Divinity of the Emperor], for example, for a discussion of the status of the [[Japan|Japanese]] emperor.</ref> Ko da bangaskiyar Kirista, wacce gabaɗaya take riƙe da Kristi daidai da Allah, tana rarrabe tsakanin Allah Uba da Kristi ɗa da aka haifa. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu makarantu masu ban mamaki da na asiri, wadanda ke cikin addinai da yawa - [[Sufiyya|Sufis]] a cikin Islama, [[Ginost|Gnostics]] a cikin Kristanci, Advaitan Hindu, Zen Buddha, da kuma ra'ayoyi da yawa da ba takamaiman ba wadanda aka habaka a cikin falsafar zamani - wadanda ke rike da cewa duk mutane suna cikin ainihin allahntaka, ko kuma sun haɗa kai da Allah a hanyar da ba ta dace ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;Irin wannan allahntaka, a cikin wadannan bangaskiya, zai bayyana kansa ta halitta idan ba a rufe shi da duniyar zamantakewa da ta zahiri da muke rayuwa a ciki ba; yana bukatar a gabatar da shi ta hanyar ayyukan ruhaniya masu dacewa. == A cikin addinai == === Kiristanci === A cikin [[Sabon Alkawari]] kalmar Helenanci θεῖον (theion) a cikin Douay Version, an fassara shi a matsayin "allahntaka". Misalan suna kasa: * Ayyukan Manzanni 17:29 : "Sai ma da yake 'ya'yan Allah ne, dole ne mu yi zaton allahntaka ya kasance kamar zinariya, ko azurfa, ko dutse, zane-zane, da na'urar mutum". * Romawa 1:20 : "Ga abubuwan da ba a ganuwa na shi, daga halittar duniya, ana ganinsu a sarari, ana fahimtar su ta abubuwan da aka yi; ikonsa na har abada ma, da allahntaka: don haka ba za a iya gafarta su ba. " * Ru'ya ta Yohanna 5:12 : "Yana da babbar murya: dan rago da aka kashe ya cancanci karbar iko, da allahntaka, da hikima, da karfi, da girmamawa, da daukaka, da albarka. " Kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin ko dai "allahntaka", "Allahntaka", ko "allahntaki" a cikin Sabon Alkawari na Helenanci kuma kalmar Helenanci θεότητος (''teotētos''), kuma aya daya da ke kunshe da shi shine wannan: Kolosiyawa 2:9 : "Abin da ke cikin ipso inhabitat omnis plenitudo divinitatis [allahntaka] corporaliter". (Vulgate) : "Gama a cikinsa akwai duk cikakkiyar Allah a jiki". (KJV) : "Saboda a cikinsa ne duk cikakkiyar ingancin allahntaka ke zaune a jiki". (NWT) : "Game a cikinsa duk cikakkiyar allahntaka tana rayuwa a cikin jiki. " (NET) : "Domin cikakken abun ciki na yanayin allahntaka yana rayuwa cikin Kristi. " (TEV) Kalmar "allahntaka" a cikin Sabon Alkawari ita ce kalmar Helenanci θείας (theias), kuma ita ce nau'in adjective na "allahntaki". Misalan Littafi Mai-Tsarki daga King James Bible sune a ƙasa: * 2 Bitrus 1:3 : "Dangane da ikon allahntaka ya ba mu duk abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa da allahntaka, ta hanyar sanin shi wanda ya kira mu zuwa daukaka da nagarta". * 2 Bitrus 1:4 : "Inda aka ba mu alkawura masu girma da daraja: cewa ta hanyar wadannan ku iya zama masu shiga cikin yanayin allahntaka, bayan ku tsere wa cin hanci da rashawa da ke cikin duniya ta hanyar sha'awa. " ==== Masu Tsarki na Karshe ====   Mafi shahararren ra'ayi na Allahntaka a cikin Ikilisiyar [[Isa|Yesu]] Almasihu na Kiristoci na Karshe (LDS Church) shine Allah, majalisa ta allahntaka ta halittu uku daban-daban: Elohim (Uba), Jehovah's (da, ko Yesu), da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Joseph Smith ya bayyana Allahn da ba na Triniti ba, tare da Allah Uba da Yesu Kristi kowannensu yana da jikin mutum, kuma Ruhu Mai Tsarki a matsayin mutum mai banbanci tare da jikin ruhu. Smith kuma ta gabatar da wanzuwar Uwar Sama a cikin King Follett Discourse, amma kadan ne aka amince da shi ko aka sani bayan wanzuwarta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kimball |first=Spencer W. |author-link=Spencer W. Kimball |date=May 1978 |title=The True Way of Life and Salvation |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |publisher=LDS Church |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221150852/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref> Mormon suna da imani da ikon allahntaka na bil'adama; Smith ya koyar da wani nau'i na allahntaka inda maza da mata masu mutuwa zasu iya zama kamar allah ta hanyar ceto da daukakawa. Lorenzo Snow ya takaita wannan ta hanyar amfani da ma'anar, wanda sau da yawa ake maimaitawa a cikin Ikilisiyar LDS: "Kamar yadda mutum yake yanzu, Allah ya taɓa kasancewa: Kamar yadda Allah yake yanzu, mutum na iya zama."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lund |first=Gerald N. |author-link=Gerald N. Lund |date=February 1982 |title=I Have a Question: Is President Lorenzo Snow's oft-repeated statement—"As man now is, God once was; as God now is, man may be"—accepted as official doctrine by the Church? |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902164957/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last3=Noel B. Reynolds}}</ref> === Wicca === Ra'ayoyin Wiccan game da allahntaka gaba daya suna da tauhidi, kuma suna kewaye da allahiya da Allah mai Kaho, don haka suna da dualistic. A cikin Wicca na gargajiya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen Gerald Gardner da Doreen Valiente, an jaddada shi ne a kan taken bambancin jinsi na allahntaka, kuma Allah da Allahntaka ana daukar su daidai kuma suna adawa da ikon allahntaka na sararin samaniya. A wasu sababbin siffofi na Wicca, kamar mata ko Dianic Wicca. A wasu nau'o'in maita gargajiya wadanda ke da irin wannan tauhidin duotheistic, ana ba da Allah mai Kaho a kan Allahn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Witchcraft Compared to Wicca |url=http://www.blue-moon-manor.com/articles/compared-to-wicca.html}}</ref> == Addinin Epicureanism ==   Falsafar Epicurean ta yarda da wanzuwar alloli, amma tunda ba ta yarda da allahntaka ba kuma tana koyar da cewa duk abubuwa abu ne na zahiri, tana gabatar da tauhidin inda alloli na Epicurean halittu ne na zahiri wadanda jikinsu aka yi da kwayoyin halitta kuma wadanda ke zaune a yankin tsakanin kalmomi (intermundia). Ba lallai ba ne a ce, wadannan alloli ba sa bukatar bautarmu, ba masu halitta ba ne ko masu kula da sararin samaniya, kuma ba sa amsa addu'o'i. Sabili da haka, tauhidin Epicurean ya kasance daidai a cikin masarautar hasashe game da rayuwa mai girma, mai basira. Koyaya, Epicurus na Samos (wanda ya kafa Makarantar) ya fahimci amfanin addini da kuma alamomin hadin kai na tsakiya. Ya kasance mai tsayin daka a cikin abin da ya buƙaci cewa almajiransa su kasance masu ibada, kuma sun kafa tabo biyu game da tunanin su game da alloli: dole ne su yi imani da cewa alloli na su ba su da mutuwa (wato, ba za a iya hallaka su ba kuma sun gamsu) kuma sun sami albarka (mai farin ciki, ko farin ciki). A waje da wannan, Epicureans suna da 'yanci suyi hasashe game da yanayin mafi girman nau'ikan rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya. == Dubi kuma == * Apotheosis * Ilimin Kristi * Allahntaka * Yin Allahntaka (Kirista) * Ho'oponopono (Sashe na Mornah) * Jerin alloli * Mai Tsarki == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hadin waje ==   * {{Commons category-inline|Divinity}} {{Theism}}{{Belief systems}}{{Theology}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Holy]] [[Category:Sacred]] [[Category:Theology]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3nxt3w83psjjvzr4t4ep5zpci46b6or 890519 890518 2026-08-02T10:36:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 890519 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Alegoría de la Santísima Trinidad (s. XVIII) de autor no identificado en Símbolo y Reino 01.jpg|thumb|allahntaka]]   [[File:Isaac_Oliver_Elizabeth_I_and_the_Three_Goddesses.jpg|thumb|250x250px|''Elizabeth I da alloli uku'' (Juno, Minerva, da Venus), na Isaac Oliver, c. 1558]] ''''''Allahn'''''' ko allahntaka abubuwa ne da ke da alaka da, sadaukar da kai, ko kuma suna fitowa daga allahntaka. Abin da yake ko ba allahntaka ba za a iya bayyana shi ba kamar yadda tsarin imani daban-daban ke amfani da shi. A karkashin allahntaka guda daya da allahntaka da yawa wannan an bayyana shi a sarari. Koyaya, a cikin pantheism da animism wannan ya zama daidai da ra'ayoyin tsarki da wucewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pantheism |url=http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503220401/http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=The Matter with Pantheism: Race, Gender, Divinity, and Dirt |url=https://www.ice.dartmouth.edu/events/the-matter-with-pantheism-race-gender-divinity-and-dirt}}</ref> == Magana == Tushen kalmar ''''Allah'''' shine Latin ''divus'' ma'anar ko mallakar Allah (allahntaka). Kalmar ta shiga Turanci daga Latin na zamani a karni na 14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divinity |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013204014/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=Merriam-Wester}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == Allahntaka a matsayin inganci yana da amfani daban-daban guda biyu: * Ikon Allah ko iko - Ikon ko dakarun da ke duniya, ko kuma sun wuce ikon dan adam * Allahntaka da aka yi amfani da ita ga mutane - Halayen mutane wadanda ake la'akari da samun dama ta musamman ko dangantaka da allahntaka. Haduwa tana faruwa tsakanin wadannan amfani saboda alloli ko kungiyoyin allahntaka galibi iri daya ne ko kuma an gano su ta hanyar iko da dakarun da aka ba su - a lokuta da yawa, allahntaka kawai iko ne ko karfi da aka kwatanta - kuma wadannan iko da doki za a iya fadada ko ba su ga mutane masu [[Dan Adam|Mutuwa]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;Alal misali, Jehovah's yana da alaka da hadari da tsawa a cikin yawancin [[Tsohon Alkawari]]. An ce yana magana da tsawa, kuma ana ganin tsawa a matsayin alamar fushinsa. An ba da wannan ikon ga annabawa kamar [[Musa]] da [[Sama'ila]], wadanda suka haifar da tsawa mai tsawa don ruwan sama a kan abokan gaba. Allahntaka koyaushe yana dauke da ma'anar nagarta, kyakkyawa, alheri, [[adalci]], da sauran halaye masu kyau, na zamantakewa. A cikin addinan allahntaka guda daya akwai daidaitattun halittu masu ban mamaki da iko, kamar aljanu, ''aljanu'' da sauransu, wadanda ba a kira su allahntaka ba; ana amfani da aljanu sau da yawa a maimakon haka. Tsarin imani na polytheistic da na animistic ba ya yin irin wannan bambanci; alloli da sauran halittu masu iko sau da yawa suna da rikitarwa, maras kyau, ko ma abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba don ayyukansu. Lura cewa yayin da ake ''aljani'' da kalmomin aljanu da aljanu a cikin addinan ''Allahntaka'' guda ɗaya a matsayin antonyms ga ''allahntaka'', a zahiri an samo su ne daga kalmar Helenanci ''daimón'' (δαίμων), wanda kansa ke fassara shi azaman allahntaka. === Amfani a cikin jawabin addini === Akwai amfani daban-daban guda uku na ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka a cikin jawabin addini: ==== kungiyar ====   A cikin addinan ''allahntaka'' guda daya, ana amfani da kalmar allahntaka sau da yawa don nuna [[Allah|Allah daya]] na tsakiya ga wannan bangaskiya. Sau da yawa kalmar tana daukar takamaiman labarin kuma an buga shi - ''"Allahntaka"'' - kamar dai Sunan da ya dace ne ko girmamawa ta karshe. Ana iya amfani da ''Allahntaka'' - mai mahimmanci - a matsayin adjective don nuna alamun irin wannan allahntaka ko ikonsa: misali "basking a cikin kasancewar Allah..."&nbsp;&nbsp; Kalmomin ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka - ba a buga su ba, kuma ba su da takamaiman labarin - wani lokacin ana amfani da su don nuna 'allah (s) ko wasu wasu halittu da dungiyoyi wadanda ba su da cikakkiyar Allahntaka amma suna waje da mulkin dan adam. ==== Ikon Allah ko iko ==== Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, alloli suna da alaka da ikon da aka ba su, don haka a wasu lokuta ana iya kiran iko ko dakarun da kansu da kansu. Wannan yana haifar da amfani na biyu na kalmar ''''allahntaka'''' (kuma ba a saba amfani da allahntaka ba): don komawa ga aikin iko mai girma a duniya. A cikin mafi kyawun tsari, aikin iko mai girma yana nuna wani nau'i na sa hannun Allah. Ga addinan allahntaka guda daya da na allahntaka da yawa wannan yawanci yana nuna aikin kai tsaye na wani allah ko wani a yayin abubuwan da suka faru na dan adam. A cikin tarihin Girka, alal misali, Poseidon (allahn teku) ne ya tayar da guguwar da ta hura jirgin Odysseus a kan hanyar dawowarsa, kuma al'adar [[Japan|Jafananci]] ta rike cewa iska da aka aiko ta cece su daga mamayar Mongol. Addu'o'i ko kafara galibi ana Mika su ga takamaiman alloli don samun sa hannun jari a wasu kamfanoni: misali tafiye-tafiye masu aminci, nasara a yaki, ko lokacin amfanin gona mai yawa. Addinai da yawa a duniya - daga [[Shinto]] na Japan da addinin gargajiya na kasar Sin, zuwa wasu ayyukan Afirka da addinan da aka samo daga wadanda ke cikin Caribbean, zuwa imanin 'yan asalin Amurka - suna rike da cewa alloli na kakanninmu ko na gida suna ba da kariya da albarka na yau da kullun. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinai masu bin Allah daya, sa hannun Allah na iya daukar siffofi kai tsaye: mu'ujizai, wahayi, ko rodo ta mutane masu albarka.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> karfi ko iko mai girma na iya aiki ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba su da ma'ana da kai tsaye. Addinai na Allah daya gaba daya suna tallafawa wasu nau'ikan tanadin Allah, wanda ya yarda cewa allahntakar bangaskiya tana da zurfi amma ba a san shi ba koyaushe yana bayyana a duniya. Abubuwan da ba a iya hangowa ba, masu yawa, ko kuma wadanda ba su da adalci galibi ana jefa su a kan 'nufin Allah', a cikin girmamawa kamar ''inshallah'' [[Musulmi]] ('kamar yadda Allah yake so') da kuma 'Allah yana aiki ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki'. Sau da yawa irin wadannan imani suna rike da yiwuwar ramuwar gayya ta Allah, inda allahntaka ba zato ba tsammani zai kawo masu aikata Mugunta ga adalci ta hanyar ayyukan al'ada na duniya; daga boyewar warware kananan laifuffuka na mutum zuwa irin wannan babban lalacewa kamar halakar Saduma da Goma ko Babban Ambaliyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Sauran addinai sun fi rikitarwa: koyarwar ''[[karma]]'' da [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] da Hindu suka raba doka ce ta allahntaka mai kama da fansa ta allahntakusa amma ba tare da ma'anar azabtarwa ba: ayyukanmu, masu kyau ko marasa kyau, da gangan ko marasa gangan, suna tunani a gare mu a matsayin wani bangare na aikin halitta na sararin samaniya. Har ila yau, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Tao" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taoism">Taoism] na falsafa yana ba da shawarar ka'idar aiki mai mahimmanci - wanda aka fassara a cikin Turanci a matsayin tao ko ''Dao'', ma'ana 'hanyar' - wanda ba abu ba ne ko kuma mutum da kansa, amma yana nuna tsarin halitta na duniya. &nbsp;&nbsp;Masana'antar yammacin zamani da falsafar sabuwar zamani galibi suna amfani da kalmar 'Allah' a matsayin suna a cikin wannan ma'anar: ka'idar da ba ta da takamaiman ko kasancewa ka'ida ke haifar da duniya, kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ko [[Wellspring of life|maɓuɓɓugar rayuwa]]. A cikin waɗannan lokuta na ƙarshe, addinai ba sa inganta girmamawa, ''ka'' yadda yake faruwa a cikin allahntaka ''daga''; maimakon haka kowannensu yana ba da shawarar hanyar aiki wanda zai kawo mai aiki cikin daidaituwa da dokar allahntaka: ''ahimsa'' - 'babu lahani' - ga addinin Buddha da Hindu; de ko te - 'aiki mai kyau' - a cikin Taoism; da kuma duk wani aiki mai yawa na zaman lafiya da kauna a cikin tunanin sabon zamani.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Mai Mutuwa ====   A cikin amfani na uku, fadada allahntaka da ikon allahntaka ana ba da su ga rayayyu, mutane masu mutuwa. An san shugabannin siyasa da cewa sun yi ikirarin ainihin allahntaka a wasu al'ummomin farko - Fir'auna na tsohuwar Masar shine babban shari'a - suna taka rawa a matsayin abubuwa na ibada kuma ana ba da su matsayi da iko. &nbsp;&nbsp;Mafi yawanci, kuma mafi dacewa da tarihin kwanan nan, shugabannin kawai suna da'awar wani nau'i na [[Mandate (theology)|umarni]] Allah, suna nuna cewa mulkin su ya dace da nufin Allah. An gabatar da koyarwar ikon allahntaka na [[Sarki|Sarakuna]] a karshen karni na 17, yana ba da shawarar cewa sarakuna su yi mulki ta hanyar umarnin Allah; Sarkin sarakuna na Japan sun yi mulki ta wurin umarnin Allah har zuwa farkon kundin tsarin mulkin Japan bayan [[Yakin Duniya na II|Yakin Duniya na II]] Rashin siyasa, yawancin addinai suna da yawan mutanen da aka yi imanin cewa ikon allahntaka ya taba su: tsarkaka, [[Manzo|annabawa]], jarumawa, annabawa da shahidai, da masu haske, da sauransu. Saint Francis na Assisi, a cikin Katolika, an ce ya sami umarni kai tsaye daga [[Allah]] kuma an yi imanin cewa yana ba da cikakkiyar yardar rai duk wanda ya furta zunubansu kuma ya ziyarci dakin sujada a ranar da ta dace. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, mahaifiyar Achilles ta wanke shi a cikin kogin Styx don ba shi rashin mutuwa, kuma Hercules - a matsayin dan Zeus - ya gaji ikon allahntaka. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinin [[Taoism]], ana girmama [[Laozi]] a matsayin mai tsarki tare da ikonsa. Mutane daban-daban a cikin addinin Buddha, farawa da [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha]], ana daukar su masu haske, kuma a cikin siffofin addinin Buddha ana ba su ikon allahntaka. An ce Kristi a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki dan Allah ne kuma an ce ya yi mu'ujizai na Allah. Gabadaya, ana rarrabe mutane masu mutuwa tare da halaye na allahntaka daga allahntaka ko alloli a cikin babban allon addininsu.<ref>This is sometimes a [[controversial]] issue, however; see [https://web.archive.org/web/20040905184055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/features/emperor/index.shtml The Divinity of the Emperor], for example, for a discussion of the status of the [[Japan|Japanese]] emperor.</ref> Ko da bangaskiyar Kirista, wacce gabaɗaya take riƙe da Kristi daidai da Allah, tana rarrabe tsakanin Allah Uba da Kristi ɗa da aka haifa. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu makarantu masu ban mamaki da na asiri, wadanda ke cikin addinai da yawa - [[Sufiyya|Sufis]] a cikin Islama, [[Ginost|Gnostics]] a cikin Kristanci, Advaitan Hindu, Zen Buddha, da kuma ra'ayoyi da yawa da ba takamaiman ba wadanda aka habaka a cikin falsafar zamani - wadanda ke rike da cewa duk mutane suna cikin ainihin allahntaka, ko kuma sun haɗa kai da Allah a hanyar da ba ta dace ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;Irin wannan allahntaka, a cikin wadannan bangaskiya, zai bayyana kansa ta halitta idan ba a rufe shi da duniyar zamantakewa da ta zahiri da muke rayuwa a ciki ba; yana bukatar a gabatar da shi ta hanyar ayyukan ruhaniya masu dacewa. == A cikin addinai == === Kiristanci === A cikin [[Sabon Alkawari]] kalmar Helenanci θεῖον (theion) a cikin Douay Version, an fassara shi a matsayin "allahntaka". Misalan suna kasa: * Ayyukan Manzanni 17:29 : "Sai ma da yake 'ya'yan Allah ne, dole ne mu yi zaton allahntaka ya kasance kamar zinariya, ko azurfa, ko dutse, zane-zane, da na'urar mutum". * Romawa 1:20 : "Ga abubuwan da ba a ganuwa na shi, daga halittar duniya, ana ganinsu a sarari, ana fahimtar su ta abubuwan da aka yi; ikonsa na har abada ma, da allahntaka: don haka ba za a iya gafarta su ba. " * Ru'ya ta Yohanna 5:12 : "Yana da babbar murya: dan rago da aka kashe ya cancanci karbar iko, da allahntaka, da hikima, da karfi, da girmamawa, da daukaka, da albarka. " Kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin ko dai "allahntaka", "Allahntaka", ko "allahntaki" a cikin Sabon Alkawari na Helenanci kuma kalmar Helenanci θεότητος (''teotētos''), kuma aya daya da ke kunshe da shi shine wannan: Kolosiyawa 2:9 : "Abin da ke cikin ipso inhabitat omnis plenitudo divinitatis [allahntaka] corporaliter". (Vulgate) : "Gama a cikinsa akwai duk cikakkiyar Allah a jiki". (KJV) : "Saboda a cikinsa ne duk cikakkiyar ingancin allahntaka ke zaune a jiki". (NWT) : "Game a cikinsa duk cikakkiyar allahntaka tana rayuwa a cikin jiki. " (NET) : "Domin cikakken abun ciki na yanayin allahntaka yana rayuwa cikin Kristi. " (TEV) Kalmar "allahntaka" a cikin Sabon Alkawari ita ce kalmar Helenanci θείας (theias), kuma ita ce nau'in adjective na "allahntaki". Misalan Littafi Mai-Tsarki daga King James Bible sune a ƙasa: * 2 Bitrus 1:3 : "Dangane da ikon allahntaka ya ba mu duk abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa da allahntaka, ta hanyar sanin shi wanda ya kira mu zuwa daukaka da nagarta". * 2 Bitrus 1:4 : "Inda aka ba mu alkawura masu girma da daraja: cewa ta hanyar wadannan ku iya zama masu shiga cikin yanayin allahntaka, bayan ku tsere wa cin hanci da rashawa da ke cikin duniya ta hanyar sha'awa. " ==== Masu Tsarki na Karshe ====   Mafi shahararren ra'ayi na Allahntaka a cikin Ikilisiyar [[Isa|Yesu]] Almasihu na Kiristoci na Karshe (LDS Church) shine Allah, majalisa ta allahntaka ta halittu uku daban-daban: Elohim (Uba), Jehovah's (da, ko Yesu), da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Joseph Smith ya bayyana Allahn da ba na Triniti ba, tare da Allah Uba da Yesu Kristi kowannensu yana da jikin mutum, kuma Ruhu Mai Tsarki a matsayin mutum mai banbanci tare da jikin ruhu. Smith kuma ta gabatar da wanzuwar Uwar Sama a cikin King Follett Discourse, amma kadan ne aka amince da shi ko aka sani bayan wanzuwarta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kimball |first=Spencer W. |author-link=Spencer W. Kimball |date=May 1978 |title=The True Way of Life and Salvation |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |publisher=LDS Church |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221150852/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref> Mormon suna da imani da ikon allahntaka na bil'adama; Smith ya koyar da wani nau'i na allahntaka inda maza da mata masu mutuwa zasu iya zama kamar allah ta hanyar ceto da daukakawa. Lorenzo Snow ya takaita wannan ta hanyar amfani da ma'anar, wanda sau da yawa ake maimaitawa a cikin Ikilisiyar LDS: "Kamar yadda mutum yake yanzu, Allah ya taɓa kasancewa: Kamar yadda Allah yake yanzu, mutum na iya zama."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lund |first=Gerald N. |author-link=Gerald N. Lund |date=February 1982 |title=I Have a Question: Is President Lorenzo Snow's oft-repeated statement—"As man now is, God once was; as God now is, man may be"—accepted as official doctrine by the Church? |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902164957/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last3=Noel B. Reynolds}}</ref> === Wicca === Ra'ayoyin Wiccan game da allahntaka gaba daya suna da tauhidi, kuma suna kewaye da allahiya da Allah mai Kaho, don haka suna da dualistic. A cikin Wicca na gargajiya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen Gerald Gardner da Doreen Valiente, an jaddada shi ne a kan taken bambancin jinsi na allahntaka, kuma Allah da Allahntaka ana daukar su daidai kuma suna adawa da ikon allahntaka na sararin samaniya. A wasu sababbin siffofi na Wicca, kamar mata ko Dianic Wicca. A wasu nau'o'in maita gargajiya wadanda ke da irin wannan tauhidin duotheistic, ana ba da Allah mai Kaho a kan Allahn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Witchcraft Compared to Wicca |url=http://www.blue-moon-manor.com/articles/compared-to-wicca.html}}</ref> == Addinin Epicureanism == Falsafar Epicurean ta yarda da wanzuwar alloli, amma tunda ba ta yarda da allahntaka ba kuma tana koyar da cewa duk abubuwa abu ne na zahiri, tana gabatar da tauhidin inda alloli na Epicurean halittu ne na zahiri wadanda jikinsu aka yi da kwayoyin halitta kuma wadanda ke zaune a yankin tsakanin kalmomi (intermundia). Ba lallai ba ne a ce, wadannan alloli ba sa bukatar bautarmu, ba masu halitta ba ne ko masu kula da sararin samaniya, kuma ba sa amsa addu'o'i. Sabili da haka, tauhidin Epicurean ya kasance daidai a cikin masarautar hasashe game da rayuwa mai girma, mai basira. Koyaya, Epicurus na Samos (wanda ya kafa Makarantar) ya fahimci amfanin addini da kuma alamomin hadin kai na tsakiya. Ya kasance mai tsayin daka a cikin abin da ya buƙaci cewa almajiransa su kasance masu ibada, kuma sun kafa tabo biyu game da tunanin su game da alloli: dole ne su yi imani da cewa alloli na su ba su da mutuwa (wato, ba za a iya hallaka su ba kuma sun gamsu) kuma sun sami albarka (mai farin ciki, ko farin ciki). A waje da wannan, Epicureans suna da 'yanci suyi hasashe game da yanayin mafi girman nau'ikan rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya. == Dubi kuma == * Apotheosis * Ilimin Kristi * Allahntaka * Yin Allahntaka (Kirista) * Ho'oponopono (Sashe na Mornah) * Jerin alloli * Mai Tsarki == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hadin waje ==   * {{Commons category-inline|Divinity}} {{Theism}}{{Belief systems}}{{Theology}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Holy]] [[Category:Sacred]] [[Category:Theology]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tpheyfondps7kauytpiie3x3289ugb7 890520 890519 2026-08-02T10:36:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 890520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Alegoría de la Santísima Trinidad (s. XVIII) de autor no identificado en Símbolo y Reino 01.jpg|thumb|allahntaka]]   [[File:Isaac_Oliver_Elizabeth_I_and_the_Three_Goddesses.jpg|thumb|250x250px|''Elizabeth I da alloli uku'' (Juno, Minerva, da Venus), na Isaac Oliver, c. 1558]] ''''''Allahn'''''' ko allahntaka abubuwa ne da ke da alaka da, sadaukar da kai, ko kuma suna fitowa daga allahntaka. Abin da yake ko ba allahntaka ba za a iya bayyana shi ba kamar yadda tsarin imani daban-daban ke amfani da shi. A karkashin allahntaka guda daya da allahntaka da yawa wannan an bayyana shi a sarari. Koyaya, a cikin pantheism da animism wannan ya zama daidai da ra'ayoyin tsarki da wucewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pantheism |url=http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503220401/http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=The Matter with Pantheism: Race, Gender, Divinity, and Dirt |url=https://www.ice.dartmouth.edu/events/the-matter-with-pantheism-race-gender-divinity-and-dirt}}</ref> == Magana == Tushen kalmar ''''Allah'''' shine Latin ''divus'' ma'anar ko mallakar Allah (allahntaka). Kalmar ta shiga Turanci daga Latin na zamani a karni na 14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divinity |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013204014/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=Merriam-Wester}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == Allahntaka a matsayin inganci yana da amfani daban-daban guda biyu: * Ikon Allah ko iko - Ikon ko dakarun da ke duniya, ko kuma sun wuce ikon dan adam * Allahntaka da aka yi amfani da ita ga mutane - Halayen mutane wadanda ake la'akari da samun dama ta musamman ko dangantaka da allahntaka. Haduwa tana faruwa tsakanin wadannan amfani saboda alloli ko kungiyoyin allahntaka galibi iri daya ne ko kuma an gano su ta hanyar iko da dakarun da aka ba su - a lokuta da yawa, allahntaka kawai iko ne ko karfi da aka kwatanta - kuma wadannan iko da doki za a iya fadada ko ba su ga mutane masu [[Dan Adam|Mutuwa]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;Alal misali, Jehovah's yana da alaka da hadari da tsawa a cikin yawancin [[Tsohon Alkawari]]. An ce yana magana da tsawa, kuma ana ganin tsawa a matsayin alamar fushinsa. An ba da wannan ikon ga annabawa kamar [[Musa]] da [[Sama'ila]], wadanda suka haifar da tsawa mai tsawa don ruwan sama a kan abokan gaba. Allahntaka koyaushe yana dauke da ma'anar nagarta, kyakkyawa, alheri, [[adalci]], da sauran halaye masu kyau, na zamantakewa. A cikin addinan allahntaka guda daya akwai daidaitattun halittu masu ban mamaki da iko, kamar aljanu, ''aljanu'' da sauransu, wadanda ba a kira su allahntaka ba; ana amfani da aljanu sau da yawa a maimakon haka. Tsarin imani na polytheistic da na animistic ba ya yin irin wannan bambanci; alloli da sauran halittu masu iko sau da yawa suna da rikitarwa, maras kyau, ko ma abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba don ayyukansu. Lura cewa yayin da ake ''aljani'' da kalmomin aljanu da aljanu a cikin addinan ''Allahntaka'' guda ɗaya a matsayin antonyms ga ''allahntaka'', a zahiri an samo su ne daga kalmar Helenanci ''daimón'' (δαίμων), wanda kansa ke fassara shi azaman allahntaka. === Amfani a cikin jawabin addini === Akwai amfani daban-daban guda uku na ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka a cikin jawabin addini: ==== kungiyar ====   A cikin addinan ''allahntaka'' guda daya, ana amfani da kalmar allahntaka sau da yawa don nuna [[Allah|Allah daya]] na tsakiya ga wannan bangaskiya. Sau da yawa kalmar tana daukar takamaiman labarin kuma an buga shi - ''"Allahntaka"'' - kamar dai Sunan da ya dace ne ko girmamawa ta karshe. Ana iya amfani da ''Allahntaka'' - mai mahimmanci - a matsayin adjective don nuna alamun irin wannan allahntaka ko ikonsa: misali "basking a cikin kasancewar Allah..."&nbsp;&nbsp; Kalmomin ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka - ba a buga su ba, kuma ba su da takamaiman labarin - wani lokacin ana amfani da su don nuna 'allah (s) ko wasu wasu halittu da dungiyoyi wadanda ba su da cikakkiyar Allahntaka amma suna waje da mulkin dan adam. ==== Ikon Allah ko iko ==== Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, alloli suna da alaka da ikon da aka ba su, don haka a wasu lokuta ana iya kiran iko ko dakarun da kansu da kansu. Wannan yana haifar da amfani na biyu na kalmar ''''allahntaka'''' (kuma ba a saba amfani da allahntaka ba): don komawa ga aikin iko mai girma a duniya. A cikin mafi kyawun tsari, aikin iko mai girma yana nuna wani nau'i na sa hannun Allah. Ga addinan allahntaka guda daya da na allahntaka da yawa wannan yawanci yana nuna aikin kai tsaye na wani allah ko wani a yayin abubuwan da suka faru na dan adam. A cikin tarihin Girka, alal misali, Poseidon (allahn teku) ne ya tayar da guguwar da ta hura jirgin Odysseus a kan hanyar dawowarsa, kuma al'adar [[Japan|Jafananci]] ta rike cewa iska da aka aiko ta cece su daga mamayar Mongol. Addu'o'i ko kafara galibi ana Mika su ga takamaiman alloli don samun sa hannun jari a wasu kamfanoni: misali tafiye-tafiye masu aminci, nasara a yaki, ko lokacin amfanin gona mai yawa. Addinai da yawa a duniya - daga [[Shinto]] na Japan da addinin gargajiya na kasar Sin, zuwa wasu ayyukan Afirka da addinan da aka samo daga wadanda ke cikin Caribbean, zuwa imanin 'yan asalin Amurka - suna rike da cewa alloli na kakanninmu ko na gida suna ba da kariya da albarka na yau da kullun. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinai masu bin Allah daya, sa hannun Allah na iya daukar siffofi kai tsaye: mu'ujizai, wahayi, ko rodo ta mutane masu albarka.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> karfi ko iko mai girma na iya aiki ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba su da ma'ana da kai tsaye. Addinai na Allah daya gaba daya suna tallafawa wasu nau'ikan tanadin Allah, wanda ya yarda cewa allahntakar bangaskiya tana da zurfi amma ba a san shi ba koyaushe yana bayyana a duniya. Abubuwan da ba a iya hangowa ba, masu yawa, ko kuma wadanda ba su da adalci galibi ana jefa su a kan 'nufin Allah', a cikin girmamawa kamar ''inshallah'' [[Musulmi]] ('kamar yadda Allah yake so') da kuma 'Allah yana aiki ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki'. Sau da yawa irin wadannan imani suna rike da yiwuwar ramuwar gayya ta Allah, inda allahntaka ba zato ba tsammani zai kawo masu aikata Mugunta ga adalci ta hanyar ayyukan al'ada na duniya; daga boyewar warware kananan laifuffuka na mutum zuwa irin wannan babban lalacewa kamar halakar Saduma da Goma ko Babban Ambaliyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Sauran addinai sun fi rikitarwa: koyarwar ''[[karma]]'' da [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] da Hindu suka raba doka ce ta allahntaka mai kama da fansa ta allahntakusa amma ba tare da ma'anar azabtarwa ba: ayyukanmu, masu kyau ko marasa kyau, da gangan ko marasa gangan, suna tunani a gare mu a matsayin wani bangare na aikin halitta na sararin samaniya. Har ila yau, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Tao" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taoism">Taoism] na falsafa yana ba da shawarar ka'idar aiki mai mahimmanci - wanda aka fassara a cikin Turanci a matsayin tao ko ''Dao'', ma'ana 'hanyar' - wanda ba abu ba ne ko kuma mutum da kansa, amma yana nuna tsarin halitta na duniya. &nbsp;&nbsp;Masana'antar yammacin zamani da falsafar sabuwar zamani galibi suna amfani da kalmar 'Allah' a matsayin suna a cikin wannan ma'anar: ka'idar da ba ta da takamaiman ko kasancewa ka'ida ke haifar da duniya, kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ko [[Wellspring of life|maɓuɓɓugar rayuwa]]. A cikin waɗannan lokuta na ƙarshe, addinai ba sa inganta girmamawa, ''ka'' yadda yake faruwa a cikin allahntaka ''daga''; maimakon haka kowannensu yana ba da shawarar hanyar aiki wanda zai kawo mai aiki cikin daidaituwa da dokar allahntaka: ''ahimsa'' - 'babu lahani' - ga addinin Buddha da Hindu; de ko te - 'aiki mai kyau' - a cikin Taoism; da kuma duk wani aiki mai yawa na zaman lafiya da kauna a cikin tunanin sabon zamani.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Mai Mutuwa ====   A cikin amfani na uku, fadada allahntaka da ikon allahntaka ana ba da su ga rayayyu, mutane masu mutuwa. An san shugabannin siyasa da cewa sun yi ikirarin ainihin allahntaka a wasu al'ummomin farko - Fir'auna na tsohuwar Masar shine babban shari'a - suna taka rawa a matsayin abubuwa na ibada kuma ana ba da su matsayi da iko. &nbsp;&nbsp;Mafi yawanci, kuma mafi dacewa da tarihin kwanan nan, shugabannin kawai suna da'awar wani nau'i na [[Mandate (theology)|umarni]] Allah, suna nuna cewa mulkin su ya dace da nufin Allah. An gabatar da koyarwar ikon allahntaka na [[Sarki|Sarakuna]] a karshen karni na 17, yana ba da shawarar cewa sarakuna su yi mulki ta hanyar umarnin Allah; Sarkin sarakuna na Japan sun yi mulki ta wurin umarnin Allah har zuwa farkon kundin tsarin mulkin Japan bayan [[Yakin Duniya na II|Yakin Duniya na II]] Rashin siyasa, yawancin addinai suna da yawan mutanen da aka yi imanin cewa ikon allahntaka ya taba su: tsarkaka, [[Manzo|annabawa]], jarumawa, annabawa da shahidai, da masu haske, da sauransu. Saint Francis na Assisi, a cikin Katolika, an ce ya sami umarni kai tsaye daga [[Allah]] kuma an yi imanin cewa yana ba da cikakkiyar yardar rai duk wanda ya furta zunubansu kuma ya ziyarci dakin sujada a ranar da ta dace. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, mahaifiyar Achilles ta wanke shi a cikin kogin Styx don ba shi rashin mutuwa, kuma Hercules - a matsayin dan Zeus - ya gaji ikon allahntaka. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinin [[Taoism]], ana girmama [[Laozi]] a matsayin mai tsarki tare da ikonsa. Mutane daban-daban a cikin addinin Buddha, farawa da [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha]], ana daukar su masu haske, kuma a cikin siffofin addinin Buddha ana ba su ikon allahntaka. An ce Kristi a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki dan Allah ne kuma an ce ya yi mu'ujizai na Allah. Gabadaya, ana rarrabe mutane masu mutuwa tare da halaye na allahntaka daga allahntaka ko alloli a cikin babban allon addininsu.<ref>This is sometimes a [[controversial]] issue, however; see [https://web.archive.org/web/20040905184055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/features/emperor/index.shtml The Divinity of the Emperor], for example, for a discussion of the status of the [[Japan|Japanese]] emperor.</ref> Ko da bangaskiyar Kirista, wacce gabaɗaya take riƙe da Kristi daidai da Allah, tana rarrabe tsakanin Allah Uba da Kristi ɗa da aka haifa. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu makarantu masu ban mamaki da na asiri, wadanda ke cikin addinai da yawa - [[Sufiyya|Sufis]] a cikin Islama, [[Ginost|Gnostics]] a cikin Kristanci, Advaitan Hindu, Zen Buddha, da kuma ra'ayoyi da yawa da ba takamaiman ba wadanda aka habaka a cikin falsafar zamani - wadanda ke rike da cewa duk mutane suna cikin ainihin allahntaka, ko kuma sun haɗa kai da Allah a hanyar da ba ta dace ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;Irin wannan allahntaka, a cikin wadannan bangaskiya, zai bayyana kansa ta halitta idan ba a rufe shi da duniyar zamantakewa da ta zahiri da muke rayuwa a ciki ba; yana bukatar a gabatar da shi ta hanyar ayyukan ruhaniya masu dacewa. == A cikin addinai == === Kiristanci === A cikin [[Sabon Alkawari]] kalmar Helenanci θεῖον (theion) a cikin Douay Version, an fassara shi a matsayin "allahntaka". Misalan suna kasa: * Ayyukan Manzanni 17:29 : "Sai ma da yake 'ya'yan Allah ne, dole ne mu yi zaton allahntaka ya kasance kamar zinariya, ko azurfa, ko dutse, zane-zane, da na'urar mutum". * Romawa 1:20 : "Ga abubuwan da ba a ganuwa na shi, daga halittar duniya, ana ganinsu a sarari, ana fahimtar su ta abubuwan da aka yi; ikonsa na har abada ma, da allahntaka: don haka ba za a iya gafarta su ba. " * Ru'ya ta Yohanna 5:12 : "Yana da babbar murya: dan rago da aka kashe ya cancanci karbar iko, da allahntaka, da hikima, da karfi, da girmamawa, da daukaka, da albarka. " Kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin ko dai "allahntaka", "Allahntaka", ko "allahntaki" a cikin Sabon Alkawari na Helenanci kuma kalmar Helenanci θεότητος (''teotētos''), kuma aya daya da ke kunshe da shi shine wannan: Kolosiyawa 2:9 : "Abin da ke cikin ipso inhabitat omnis plenitudo divinitatis [allahntaka] corporaliter". (Vulgate) : "Gama a cikinsa akwai duk cikakkiyar Allah a jiki". (KJV) : "Saboda a cikinsa ne duk cikakkiyar ingancin allahntaka ke zaune a jiki". (NWT) : "Game a cikinsa duk cikakkiyar allahntaka tana rayuwa a cikin jiki. " (NET) : "Domin cikakken abun ciki na yanayin allahntaka yana rayuwa cikin Kristi. " (TEV) Kalmar "allahntaka" a cikin Sabon Alkawari ita ce kalmar Helenanci θείας (theias), kuma ita ce nau'in adjective na "allahntaki". Misalan Littafi Mai-Tsarki daga King James Bible sune a ƙasa: * 2 Bitrus 1:3 : "Dangane da ikon allahntaka ya ba mu duk abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa da allahntaka, ta hanyar sanin shi wanda ya kira mu zuwa daukaka da nagarta". * 2 Bitrus 1:4 : "Inda aka ba mu alkawura masu girma da daraja: cewa ta hanyar wadannan ku iya zama masu shiga cikin yanayin allahntaka, bayan ku tsere wa cin hanci da rashawa da ke cikin duniya ta hanyar sha'awa. " ==== Masu Tsarki na Karshe ====   Mafi shahararren ra'ayi na Allahntaka a cikin Ikilisiyar [[Isa|Yesu]] Almasihu na Kiristoci na Karshe (LDS Church) shine Allah, majalisa ta allahntaka ta halittu uku daban-daban: Elohim (Uba), Jehovah's (da, ko Yesu), da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Joseph Smith ya bayyana Allahn da ba na Triniti ba, tare da Allah Uba da Yesu Kristi kowannensu yana da jikin mutum, kuma Ruhu Mai Tsarki a matsayin mutum mai banbanci tare da jikin ruhu. Smith kuma ta gabatar da wanzuwar Uwar Sama a cikin King Follett Discourse, amma kadan ne aka amince da shi ko aka sani bayan wanzuwarta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kimball |first=Spencer W. |author-link=Spencer W. Kimball |date=May 1978 |title=The True Way of Life and Salvation |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |publisher=LDS Church |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221150852/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref> Mormon suna da imani da ikon allahntaka na bil'adama; Smith ya koyar da wani nau'i na allahntaka inda maza da mata masu mutuwa zasu iya zama kamar allah ta hanyar ceto da daukakawa. Lorenzo Snow ya takaita wannan ta hanyar amfani da ma'anar, wanda sau da yawa ake maimaitawa a cikin Ikilisiyar LDS: "Kamar yadda mutum yake yanzu, Allah ya taɓa kasancewa: Kamar yadda Allah yake yanzu, mutum na iya zama."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lund |first=Gerald N. |author-link=Gerald N. Lund |date=February 1982 |title=I Have a Question: Is President Lorenzo Snow's oft-repeated statement—"As man now is, God once was; as God now is, man may be"—accepted as official doctrine by the Church? |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902164957/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last3=Noel B. Reynolds}}</ref> === Wicca === Ra'ayoyin Wiccan game da allahntaka gaba daya suna da tauhidi, kuma suna kewaye da allahiya da Allah mai Kaho, don haka suna da dualistic. A cikin Wicca na gargajiya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen Gerald Gardner da Doreen Valiente, an jaddada shi ne a kan taken bambancin jinsi na allahntaka, kuma Allah da Allahntaka ana daukar su daidai kuma suna adawa da ikon allahntaka na sararin samaniya. A wasu sababbin siffofi na Wicca, kamar mata ko Dianic Wicca. A wasu nau'o'in maita gargajiya wadanda ke da irin wannan tauhidin duotheistic, ana ba da Allah mai Kaho a kan Allahn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Witchcraft Compared to Wicca |url=http://www.blue-moon-manor.com/articles/compared-to-wicca.html}}</ref> == Addinin Epicureanism == Falsafar Epicurean ta yarda da wanzuwar alloli, amma tunda ba ta yarda da allahntaka ba kuma tana koyar da cewa duk abubuwa abu ne na zahiri, tana gabatar da tauhidin inda alloli na Epicurean halittu ne na zahiri wadanda jikinsu aka yi da kwayoyin halitta kuma wadanda ke zaune a yankin tsakanin kalmomi (intermundia). Ba lallai ba ne a ce, wadannan alloli ba sa bukatar bautarmu, ba masu halitta ba ne ko masu kula da sararin samaniya, kuma ba sa amsa addu'o'i. Sabili da haka, tauhidin Epicurean ya kasance daidai a cikin masarautar hasashe game da rayuwa mai girma, mai basira. Koyaya, Epicurus na Samos (wanda ya kafa Makarantar) ya fahimci amfanin addini da kuma alamomin hadin kai na tsakiya. Ya kasance mai tsayin daka a cikin abin da ya buƙaci cewa almajiransa su kasance masu ibada, kuma sun kafa tabo biyu game da tunanin su game da alloli: dole ne su yi imani da cewa alloli na su ba su da mutuwa (wato, ba za a iya hallaka su ba kuma sun gamsu) kuma sun sami albarka (mai farin ciki, ko farin ciki). A waje da wannan, Epicureans suna da 'yanci suyi hasashe game da yanayin mafi girman nau'ikan rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya. == Dubi kuma == * Apotheosis * Ilimin Kristi * Allahntaka * Yin Allahntaka (Kirista) * Ho'oponopono (Sashe na Mornah) * Jerin alloli * Mai Tsarki == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|30em}} == Hadin waje ==   * {{Commons category-inline|Divinity}} {{Theism}}{{Belief systems}}{{Theology}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Holy]] [[Category:Sacred]] [[Category:Theology]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lbhtz4pkmfsf6gdyk8f2i3rv5olhohp 890521 890520 2026-08-02T10:37:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 890521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Alegoría de la Santísima Trinidad (s. XVIII) de autor no identificado en Símbolo y Reino 01.jpg|thumb|allahntaka]]   [[File:Isaac_Oliver_Elizabeth_I_and_the_Three_Goddesses.jpg|thumb|250x250px|''Elizabeth I da alloli uku'' (Juno, Minerva, da Venus), na Isaac Oliver, c. 1558]] ''''''Allahn'''''' ko allahntaka abubuwa ne da ke da alaka da, sadaukar da kai, ko kuma suna fitowa daga allahntaka. Abin da yake ko ba allahntaka ba za a iya bayyana shi ba kamar yadda tsarin imani daban-daban ke amfani da shi. A karkashin allahntaka guda daya da allahntaka da yawa wannan an bayyana shi a sarari. Koyaya, a cikin pantheism da animism wannan ya zama daidai da ra'ayoyin tsarki da wucewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pantheism |url=http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |access-date=2024-03-26 |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503220401/http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/pantheism.htm#Tra |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=The Matter with Pantheism: Race, Gender, Divinity, and Dirt |url=https://www.ice.dartmouth.edu/events/the-matter-with-pantheism-race-gender-divinity-and-dirt}}</ref> == Magana == Tushen kalmar ''''Allah'''' shine Latin ''divus'' ma'anar ko mallakar Allah (allahntaka). Kalmar ta shiga Turanci daga Latin na zamani a karni na 14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divinity |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013204014/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divine |archive-date=13 October 2020 |access-date=27 December 2022 |website=Merriam-Wester}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == Allahntaka a matsayin inganci yana da amfani daban-daban guda biyu: * Ikon Allah ko iko - Ikon ko dakarun da ke duniya, ko kuma sun wuce ikon dan adam * Allahntaka da aka yi amfani da ita ga mutane - Halayen mutane wadanda ake la'akari da samun dama ta musamman ko dangantaka da allahntaka. Haduwa tana faruwa tsakanin wadannan amfani saboda alloli ko kungiyoyin allahntaka galibi iri daya ne ko kuma an gano su ta hanyar iko da dakarun da aka ba su - a lokuta da yawa, allahntaka kawai iko ne ko karfi da aka kwatanta - kuma wadannan iko da doki za a iya fadada ko ba su ga mutane masu [[Dan Adam|Mutuwa]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;Alal misali, Jehovah's yana da alaka da hadari da tsawa a cikin yawancin [[Tsohon Alkawari]]. An ce yana magana da tsawa, kuma ana ganin tsawa a matsayin alamar fushinsa. An ba da wannan ikon ga annabawa kamar [[Musa]] da [[Sama'ila]], wadanda suka haifar da tsawa mai tsawa don ruwan sama a kan abokan gaba. Allahntaka koyaushe yana dauke da ma'anar nagarta, kyakkyawa, alheri, [[adalci]], da sauran halaye masu kyau, na zamantakewa. A cikin addinan allahntaka guda daya akwai daidaitattun halittu masu ban mamaki da iko, kamar aljanu, ''aljanu'' da sauransu, wadanda ba a kira su allahntaka ba; ana amfani da aljanu sau da yawa a maimakon haka. Tsarin imani na polytheistic da na animistic ba ya yin irin wannan bambanci; alloli da sauran halittu masu iko sau da yawa suna da rikitarwa, maras kyau, ko ma abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba don ayyukansu. Lura cewa yayin da ake ''aljani'' da kalmomin aljanu da aljanu a cikin addinan ''Allahntaka'' guda ɗaya a matsayin antonyms ga ''allahntaka'', a zahiri an samo su ne daga kalmar Helenanci ''daimón'' (δαίμων), wanda kansa ke fassara shi azaman allahntaka. === Amfani a cikin jawabin addini === Akwai amfani daban-daban guda uku na ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka a cikin jawabin addini: ==== kungiyar ====   A cikin addinan ''allahntaka'' guda daya, ana amfani da kalmar allahntaka sau da yawa don nuna [[Allah|Allah daya]] na tsakiya ga wannan bangaskiya. Sau da yawa kalmar tana daukar takamaiman labarin kuma an buga shi - ''"Allahntaka"'' - kamar dai Sunan da ya dace ne ko girmamawa ta karshe. Ana iya amfani da ''Allahntaka'' - mai mahimmanci - a matsayin adjective don nuna alamun irin wannan allahntaka ko ikonsa: misali "basking a cikin kasancewar Allah..."&nbsp;&nbsp; Kalmomin ''''Allahntaka'''' da allahntaka - ba a buga su ba, kuma ba su da takamaiman labarin - wani lokacin ana amfani da su don nuna 'allah (s) ko wasu wasu halittu da dungiyoyi wadanda ba su da cikakkiyar Allahntaka amma suna waje da mulkin dan adam. ==== Ikon Allah ko iko ==== Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, alloli suna da alaka da ikon da aka ba su, don haka a wasu lokuta ana iya kiran iko ko dakarun da kansu da kansu. Wannan yana haifar da amfani na biyu na kalmar ''''allahntaka'''' (kuma ba a saba amfani da allahntaka ba): don komawa ga aikin iko mai girma a duniya. A cikin mafi kyawun tsari, aikin iko mai girma yana nuna wani nau'i na sa hannun Allah. Ga addinan allahntaka guda daya da na allahntaka da yawa wannan yawanci yana nuna aikin kai tsaye na wani allah ko wani a yayin abubuwan da suka faru na dan adam. A cikin tarihin Girka, alal misali, Poseidon (allahn teku) ne ya tayar da guguwar da ta hura jirgin Odysseus a kan hanyar dawowarsa, kuma al'adar [[Japan|Jafananci]] ta rike cewa iska da aka aiko ta cece su daga mamayar Mongol. Addu'o'i ko kafara galibi ana Mika su ga takamaiman alloli don samun sa hannun jari a wasu kamfanoni: misali tafiye-tafiye masu aminci, nasara a yaki, ko lokacin amfanin gona mai yawa. Addinai da yawa a duniya - daga [[Shinto]] na Japan da addinin gargajiya na kasar Sin, zuwa wasu ayyukan Afirka da addinan da aka samo daga wadanda ke cikin Caribbean, zuwa imanin 'yan asalin Amurka - suna rike da cewa alloli na kakanninmu ko na gida suna ba da kariya da albarka na yau da kullun. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinai masu bin Allah daya, sa hannun Allah na iya daukar siffofi kai tsaye: mu'ujizai, wahayi, ko rodo ta mutane masu albarka.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> karfi ko iko mai girma na iya aiki ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba su da ma'ana da kai tsaye. Addinai na Allah daya gaba daya suna tallafawa wasu nau'ikan tanadin Allah, wanda ya yarda cewa allahntakar bangaskiya tana da zurfi amma ba a san shi ba koyaushe yana bayyana a duniya. Abubuwan da ba a iya hangowa ba, masu yawa, ko kuma wadanda ba su da adalci galibi ana jefa su a kan 'nufin Allah', a cikin girmamawa kamar ''inshallah'' [[Musulmi]] ('kamar yadda Allah yake so') da kuma 'Allah yana aiki ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki'. Sau da yawa irin wadannan imani suna rike da yiwuwar ramuwar gayya ta Allah, inda allahntaka ba zato ba tsammani zai kawo masu aikata Mugunta ga adalci ta hanyar ayyukan al'ada na duniya; daga boyewar warware kananan laifuffuka na mutum zuwa irin wannan babban lalacewa kamar halakar Saduma da Goma ko Babban Ambaliyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Sauran addinai sun fi rikitarwa: koyarwar ''[[karma]]'' da [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] da Hindu suka raba doka ce ta allahntaka mai kama da fansa ta allahntakusa amma ba tare da ma'anar azabtarwa ba: ayyukanmu, masu kyau ko marasa kyau, da gangan ko marasa gangan, suna tunani a gare mu a matsayin wani bangare na aikin halitta na sararin samaniya. Har ila yau, [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Tao" id="mwmA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taoism">Taoism] na falsafa yana ba da shawarar ka'idar aiki mai mahimmanci - wanda aka fassara a cikin Turanci a matsayin tao ko ''Dao'', ma'ana 'hanyar' - wanda ba abu ba ne ko kuma mutum da kansa, amma yana nuna tsarin halitta na duniya. &nbsp;&nbsp;Masana'antar yammacin zamani da falsafar sabuwar zamani galibi suna amfani da kalmar 'Allah' a matsayin suna a cikin wannan ma'anar: ka'idar da ba ta da takamaiman ko kasancewa ka'ida ke haifar da duniya, kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ko [[Wellspring of life|maɓuɓɓugar rayuwa]]. A cikin waɗannan lokuta na ƙarshe, addinai ba sa inganta girmamawa, ''ka'' yadda yake faruwa a cikin allahntaka ''daga''; maimakon haka kowannensu yana ba da shawarar hanyar aiki wanda zai kawo mai aiki cikin daidaituwa da dokar allahntaka: ''ahimsa'' - 'babu lahani' - ga addinin Buddha da Hindu; de ko te - 'aiki mai kyau' - a cikin Taoism; da kuma duk wani aiki mai yawa na zaman lafiya da kauna a cikin tunanin sabon zamani.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Mai Mutuwa ====   A cikin amfani na uku, fadada allahntaka da ikon allahntaka ana ba da su ga rayayyu, mutane masu mutuwa. An san shugabannin siyasa da cewa sun yi ikirarin ainihin allahntaka a wasu al'ummomin farko - Fir'auna na tsohuwar Masar shine babban shari'a - suna taka rawa a matsayin abubuwa na ibada kuma ana ba da su matsayi da iko. &nbsp;&nbsp;Mafi yawanci, kuma mafi dacewa da tarihin kwanan nan, shugabannin kawai suna da'awar wani nau'i na [[Mandate (theology)|umarni]] Allah, suna nuna cewa mulkin su ya dace da nufin Allah. An gabatar da koyarwar ikon allahntaka na [[Sarki|Sarakuna]] a karshen karni na 17, yana ba da shawarar cewa sarakuna su yi mulki ta hanyar umarnin Allah; Sarkin sarakuna na Japan sun yi mulki ta wurin umarnin Allah har zuwa farkon kundin tsarin mulkin Japan bayan [[Yakin Duniya na II|Yakin Duniya na II]] Rashin siyasa, yawancin addinai suna da yawan mutanen da aka yi imanin cewa ikon allahntaka ya taba su: tsarkaka, [[Manzo|annabawa]], jarumawa, annabawa da shahidai, da masu haske, da sauransu. Saint Francis na Assisi, a cikin Katolika, an ce ya sami umarni kai tsaye daga [[Allah]] kuma an yi imanin cewa yana ba da cikakkiyar yardar rai duk wanda ya furta zunubansu kuma ya ziyarci dakin sujada a ranar da ta dace. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Helenawa, mahaifiyar Achilles ta wanke shi a cikin kogin Styx don ba shi rashin mutuwa, kuma Hercules - a matsayin dan Zeus - ya gaji ikon allahntaka. &nbsp;&nbsp;A cikin addinin [[Taoism]], ana girmama [[Laozi]] a matsayin mai tsarki tare da ikonsa. Mutane daban-daban a cikin addinin Buddha, farawa da [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha]], ana daukar su masu haske, kuma a cikin siffofin addinin Buddha ana ba su ikon allahntaka. An ce Kristi a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki dan Allah ne kuma an ce ya yi mu'ujizai na Allah. Gabadaya, ana rarrabe mutane masu mutuwa tare da halaye na allahntaka daga allahntaka ko alloli a cikin babban allon addininsu.<ref>This is sometimes a [[controversial]] issue, however; see [https://web.archive.org/web/20040905184055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/features/emperor/index.shtml The Divinity of the Emperor], for example, for a discussion of the status of the [[Japan|Japanese]] emperor.</ref> Ko da bangaskiyar Kirista, wacce gabaɗaya take riƙe da Kristi daidai da Allah, tana rarrabe tsakanin Allah Uba da Kristi ɗa da aka haifa. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu makarantu masu ban mamaki da na asiri, wadanda ke cikin addinai da yawa - [[Sufiyya|Sufis]] a cikin Islama, [[Ginost|Gnostics]] a cikin Kristanci, Advaitan Hindu, Zen Buddha, da kuma ra'ayoyi da yawa da ba takamaiman ba wadanda aka habaka a cikin falsafar zamani - wadanda ke rike da cewa duk mutane suna cikin ainihin allahntaka, ko kuma sun haɗa kai da Allah a hanyar da ba ta dace ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;Irin wannan allahntaka, a cikin wadannan bangaskiya, zai bayyana kansa ta halitta idan ba a rufe shi da duniyar zamantakewa da ta zahiri da muke rayuwa a ciki ba; yana bukatar a gabatar da shi ta hanyar ayyukan ruhaniya masu dacewa. == A cikin addinai == === Kiristanci === A cikin [[Sabon Alkawari]] kalmar Helenanci θεῖον (theion) a cikin Douay Version, an fassara shi a matsayin "allahntaka". Misalan suna kasa: * Ayyukan Manzanni 17:29 : "Sai ma da yake 'ya'yan Allah ne, dole ne mu yi zaton allahntaka ya kasance kamar zinariya, ko azurfa, ko dutse, zane-zane, da na'urar mutum". * Romawa 1:20 : "Ga abubuwan da ba a ganuwa na shi, daga halittar duniya, ana ganinsu a sarari, ana fahimtar su ta abubuwan da aka yi; ikonsa na har abada ma, da allahntaka: don haka ba za a iya gafarta su ba. " * Ru'ya ta Yohanna 5:12 : "Yana da babbar murya: dan rago da aka kashe ya cancanci karbar iko, da allahntaka, da hikima, da karfi, da girmamawa, da daukaka, da albarka. " Kalmar da aka fassara a matsayin ko dai "allahntaka", "Allahntaka", ko "allahntaki" a cikin Sabon Alkawari na Helenanci kuma kalmar Helenanci θεότητος (''teotētos''), kuma aya daya da ke kunshe da shi shine wannan: Kolosiyawa 2:9 : "Abin da ke cikin ipso inhabitat omnis plenitudo divinitatis [allahntaka] corporaliter". (Vulgate) : "Gama a cikinsa akwai duk cikakkiyar Allah a jiki". (KJV) : "Saboda a cikinsa ne duk cikakkiyar ingancin allahntaka ke zaune a jiki". (NWT) : "Game a cikinsa duk cikakkiyar allahntaka tana rayuwa a cikin jiki. " (NET) : "Domin cikakken abun ciki na yanayin allahntaka yana rayuwa cikin Kristi. " (TEV) Kalmar "allahntaka" a cikin Sabon Alkawari ita ce kalmar Helenanci θείας (theias), kuma ita ce nau'in adjective na "allahntaki". Misalan Littafi Mai-Tsarki daga King James Bible sune a ƙasa: * 2 Bitrus 1:3 : "Dangane da ikon allahntaka ya ba mu duk abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa da allahntaka, ta hanyar sanin shi wanda ya kira mu zuwa daukaka da nagarta". * 2 Bitrus 1:4 : "Inda aka ba mu alkawura masu girma da daraja: cewa ta hanyar wadannan ku iya zama masu shiga cikin yanayin allahntaka, bayan ku tsere wa cin hanci da rashawa da ke cikin duniya ta hanyar sha'awa. " ==== Masu Tsarki na Karshe ====   Mafi shahararren ra'ayi na Allahntaka a cikin Ikilisiyar [[Isa|Yesu]] Almasihu na Kiristoci na Karshe (LDS Church) shine Allah, majalisa ta allahntaka ta halittu uku daban-daban: Elohim (Uba), Jehovah's (da, ko Yesu), da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Joseph Smith ya bayyana Allahn da ba na Triniti ba, tare da Allah Uba da Yesu Kristi kowannensu yana da jikin mutum, kuma Ruhu Mai Tsarki a matsayin mutum mai banbanci tare da jikin ruhu. Smith kuma ta gabatar da wanzuwar Uwar Sama a cikin King Follett Discourse, amma kadan ne aka amince da shi ko aka sani bayan wanzuwarta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kimball |first=Spencer W. |author-link=Spencer W. Kimball |date=May 1978 |title=The True Way of Life and Salvation |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |publisher=LDS Church |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221150852/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1978/05/the-true-way-of-life-and-salvation?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref> Mormon suna da imani da ikon allahntaka na bil'adama; Smith ya koyar da wani nau'i na allahntaka inda maza da mata masu mutuwa zasu iya zama kamar allah ta hanyar ceto da daukakawa. Lorenzo Snow ya takaita wannan ta hanyar amfani da ma'anar, wanda sau da yawa ake maimaitawa a cikin Ikilisiyar LDS: "Kamar yadda mutum yake yanzu, Allah ya taɓa kasancewa: Kamar yadda Allah yake yanzu, mutum na iya zama."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lund |first=Gerald N. |author-link=Gerald N. Lund |date=February 1982 |title=I Have a Question: Is President Lorenzo Snow's oft-repeated statement—"As man now is, God once was; as God now is, man may be"—accepted as official doctrine by the Church? |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |url-status=live |journal=[[Ensign (LDS magazine)|Ensign]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902164957/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1982/02/i-have-a-question?lang=eng |archive-date=2019-09-02 |access-date=2019-07-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last3=Noel B. Reynolds}}</ref> === Wicca === Ra'ayoyin Wiccan game da allahntaka gaba daya suna da tauhidi, kuma suna kewaye da allahiya da Allah mai Kaho, don haka suna da dualistic. A cikin Wicca na gargajiya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen Gerald Gardner da Doreen Valiente, an jaddada shi ne a kan taken bambancin jinsi na allahntaka, kuma Allah da Allahntaka ana daukar su daidai kuma suna adawa da ikon allahntaka na sararin samaniya. A wasu sababbin siffofi na Wicca, kamar mata ko Dianic Wicca. A wasu nau'o'in maita gargajiya wadanda ke da irin wannan tauhidin duotheistic, ana ba da Allah mai Kaho a kan Allahn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Witchcraft Compared to Wicca |url=http://www.blue-moon-manor.com/articles/compared-to-wicca.html}}</ref> == Addinin Epicureanism == Falsafar Epicurean ta yarda da wanzuwar alloli, amma tunda ba ta yarda da allahntaka ba kuma tana koyar da cewa duk abubuwa abu ne na zahiri, tana gabatar da tauhidin inda alloli na Epicurean halittu ne na zahiri wadanda jikinsu aka yi da kwayoyin halitta kuma wadanda ke zaune a yankin tsakanin kalmomi (intermundia). Ba lallai ba ne a ce, wadannan alloli ba sa bukatar bautarmu, ba masu halitta ba ne ko masu kula da sararin samaniya, kuma ba sa amsa addu'o'i. Sabili da haka, tauhidin Epicurean ya kasance daidai a cikin masarautar hasashe game da rayuwa mai girma, mai basira. Koyaya, Epicurus na Samos (wanda ya kafa Makarantar) ya fahimci amfanin addini da kuma alamomin hadin kai na tsakiya. Ya kasance mai tsayin daka a cikin abin da ya buƙaci cewa almajiransa su kasance masu ibada, kuma sun kafa tabo biyu game da tunanin su game da alloli: dole ne su yi imani da cewa alloli na su ba su da mutuwa (wato, ba za a iya hallaka su ba kuma sun gamsu) kuma sun sami albarka (mai farin ciki, ko farin ciki). A waje da wannan, Epicureans suna da 'yanci suyi hasashe game da yanayin mafi girman nau'ikan rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya. == Dubi kuma == * Apotheosis * Ilimin Kristi * Allahntaka * Yin Allahntaka (Kirista) * Ho'oponopono (Sashe na Mornah) * Jerin alloli * Mai Tsarki == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|30em}} == Hadin waje ==   * {{Commons category-inline|Divinity}} {{Theism}}{{Belief systems}}{{Theology}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Holy]] [[Category:Sacred]] [[Category:Theology]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e06ewib3hq6288ilmbhllvx1z61g48x 0 77467 890365 645252 2026-08-02T00:31:25Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 890365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gonda on WatchFire.jpg|thumb|Hoton gonda]] '''Gonda Betrix''' (née. Butters) 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce mai horar da doki kuma mai ritaya. An san ta da wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu a gasar Olympics ta 1992 a tsalle-tsalle na mutum <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2016 |title=Gonda Joyce BETRIX – Olympic Equestrian / Jumping – South Africa |url=https://www.olympic.org/gonda-joyce-betrix |website=International Olympic Committee}}</ref> da kuma lashe kowane babban wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu.<ref name="sports-reference.com">{{Cite web |title=Gonda Betrix Bio, Stats, and Results |url=http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/gonda-betrix-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418120446/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/gonda-betrix-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> An dauke ta daya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu wasan kwaikwayo na zamaninta. == Ayyukan wasanni == An haifi Gonda a shekara ta 1943 kuma ta fara hawa daga shekara 4. A shekara ta 1951, tana da shekaru 8, ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko a matsayin gasar tseren kasa da shekaru 18 a Gidan Aikin Gona na Yammacin Lardin. A cikin 'yan shekarun farko na aikinta, Gonda ta horar da Charlotte Stubbs. Charlotte Stubbs an dauke ta daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Equitation ta Afirka ta Kudu, yayin da ta gabatar da wasan ga Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://web.saeqa.co.za/index.php/about-saeqa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924022457/https://web.saeqa.co.za/index.php/about-saeqa/ |archive-date=2020-09-24}}</ref> Bisa ga shawarar Charlotte, iyayen Gonda sun kai Gonda zuwa Dublin, Ireland don horar da karatu a ƙarƙashin sanannen kocin duniya Col. Joseph Hume-Dudgeon a 1955 (shekara 12). Col. Hume-Dudgeon shi ne Kyaftin na Ƙungiyar tsalle-tsalle ta Burtaniya kuma ya fahimci damar Gonda. Ya rubuta wasika ga iyayenta yana jaddada cewa idan ba a matsa wa Gonda ba, mai yiwuwa za ta cimma matsaya ta duniya a cikin shekaru 2. [[Fayil:Gonda on WatchFire.jpg|thumb|Gonda Betrix]] A shekara ta 1957 (shekara 14), Gonda ta sami lasisi na musamman daga Ƙungiyar Hakarun Afirka ta Kudu (SANEF) don yin gasa a matsayin babba. A lokacin da ta fara fafatawa a matsayin babba, Gonda ta yi gasa a 1958 Rand Easter Show inda ta karya rikodin tsalle mai tsayi ta hanyar share {{Convert|6|ft|10|in|m}} in (2.08 a kan doki Gunga Din. Ta kasance mai tsere har zuwa Bob Grayston wanda ya share 7 feet (2.1 m). A wannan wasan kwaikwayon, Gonda ta zama mutum na farko da ya gama na farko (a kan doki Oorskiet) kuma na biyu (a kan Doki Gunga Din) a cikin Rand Easter Show Championship . Daga baya a shekara ta 1958, an zaɓi Gonda don shiga ƙungiyar dawakai da mahayan Afirka ta Kudu da za su taɓa tafiya daga Afirka ta Kudu don yin gasa a Turai. Ta yi gasa tare da Yvonne Peterson, Tony Lewis, George Myburgh, da Rory Donnellan . A Hanover, Jamus, an sanya tawagar ta biyu kuma a Rotterdam, Holland sun lashe gasar tawagar kasa da kasa. Ta sami launuka na Junior Springbok a wannan lokacin don wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu yayin da take kasa da shekaru 18. A cikin wannan shekarar, Gonda ta yi gasa a ƙarƙashin lasisi na musamman don hawa a matsayin babba a Burtaniya - ta lashe gasar zakarun Kudancin Ingila, ta sami matsayi na biyu a gasar zakarar Burtaniya, kuma ta lashe gasar Olympics ta Duniya ta Yankin Hudu <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2015 |title=Gonda Betrix – Who's Who SA |url=http://whoswho.co.za/gonda-betrix-6196 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516065950/http://whoswho.co.za/gonda-betrix-6196 |archive-date=2015-05-16}}</ref> Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya, wacce aka fi sani da Helms Award, lambar yabo ce ta wasanni ta shekara-shekara da Gidauniyar Helms Athletic ta kafa a 1939 don girmama babban ɗan wasa na kowace nahiyar duniya, gami da Afirka, Asiya, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], Turai, Arewacin Amurka, da Kudancin Amurka. Ko da yake an kafa Gidauniyar a 1936, lambobin yabo sun koma 1896, shekarar wasannin Olympics na farko. An ba Gonda lambar yabo ta Helms a shekarar 1959. A shekara ta 1962, an ba Gonda cikakken launuka na Springbok yana da shekara 19. Tsakanin 1961 da 1991, Gonda ta lashe gasa da yawa, gami da Gasar Afirka ta Kudu ta shekara-shekara (sau 10), Derby na Afirka ta Kudu (sau 6), Grand Prix na waje (sau biyu), da sauransu.<ref name="mypr.co.za">{{Cite web |date=20 June 2019 |title=Matriarchs of South African showjumping arena talk top riders at Nissan Winter Classic |url=https://mypr.co.za/matriarchs-of-south-african-showjumping-arena-talk-top-riders-at-nissan-winter-classic/}}</ref> Har zuwa yau, Gonda shine kadai mahayin da ya taba lashe gasar zakarun SA sau 10 da kuma SA Derby sau 6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SA Showjumping |url=https://web.facebook.com/SaShowjumping/posts/past-history-of-the-show-jumping-championship-of-south-africa1962-w-c-angus-rigo/1260390077367330/?_rdc=1&_rdr}}</ref> Daga cikin sau 6 da Gonda ta lashe SA Derby, ita ce kawai zagaye a cikin 4 daga cikinsu. A shekara ta 1974, an gayyaci Gonda don yin gasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata a Washington DC. A wannan babbar gasa, Gonda ta yi gasa da wasu 'yan wasan mata 4 da aka yaba a duniya ciki har da Kathryn Kusner wanda ya lashe lambar zinare ta Olympics ta Amurka. Gonda ta lashe wannan gasa wacce ta kafa sunanta a matsayin mafi kyawun 'yar wasan mata a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2014 |title=Sporting Horse Magazine Dec 2013 |url=https://issuu.com/johanblom/docs/sporting_horse_dec_2013_magster |website=Issuu }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An ba da lambar yabo ta 'yan wasa ta Afirka ta Kudu ga Gonda a 1973, 1979 da 1980. An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa a shekarar 1973. burin rayuwar Gonda ne ya yi gasa a wasannin Olympics, amma ba zai kasance ba har sai wasannin Olympics na 1992. An zabi Gonda don wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu a wasannin Olympics na 1992 a Barcelona . Ta yi gasa a kan doki mai hayar Tommy 29 <ref name="sports-reference.com"/> a ƙarƙashin tutar Paul Schockemöhle da ke zaune a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2010 |title=Sporting Horse_Barcelona Olympic Games 1992_Sept 2010 |url=https://issuu.com/silvermanemedia/docs/gonda_beatrix_barcelona_olympic_games_sporting_hor |website=Issuu |access-date=24 April 2024 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424070207/https://issuu.com/silvermanemedia/docs/gonda_beatrix_barcelona_olympic_games_sporting_hor |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1994, Gonda ta dauki doki Watchfire zuwa Turai tare da niyyar yin gasa da shi a gasar Olympics ta 1996 a [[Atlanta]]. A lokacin duo a Turai, sun lashe gasar zakarun mata ta [[Switzerland]] a Geneva Indoor International Horse Show <ref>{{Cite web |title=CHI Geneva – Rolex Grand Slam of Show Jumping |url=https://www.rolexgrandslam.com/en/Events/CHI-Geneva/CHI-Geneva.html}}</ref> a shekarar 1995. Gasar karshe da Gonda ta shiga ita ce Wolfsburg Grand Prix a shekarar 1995. Ba da daɗewa ba, Watchfire ya sami mummunan rauni wanda ya kawo karshen shirin yin gasa a gasar Olympics ta 1996. Gonda ta yi ritaya daga hawa a shekarar 1995 kuma ta fara mai da hankali kan aikinta na kocin a shekarar 1996. Gonda an jera shi a matsayin Labarin Wasanni na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sport Legends 2017 |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/assets/departments/cultural-affairs-sport/sport_legends_booklet_14_december_2017.pdf |publisher=Western Cape Government Cultural Affairs and Sport |pages=9–10 |access-date=2024-04-24 |archive-date=2024-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114061351/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/assets/departments/cultural-affairs-sport/sport_legends_booklet_14_december_2017.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma an shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na Wasanni ya Afirka ta Kudu. == Ayyukan horarwa == Tun daga shekara ta 1995, Gonda ba ta yi aiki sosai ba saboda tana zaune a Cape Town kuma tana tafiya a kai a kai tsakanin Johannesburg da Cape Town don horar da ita. Gonda ya horar da 'yan wasan motsa jiki da yawa na Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda suka sami sakamako mai yawa. Nicole Horwood da Nicola Sime, waɗanda Gonda ta horar da su na tsawon shekaru 25, dukansu sun lashe gasar zakarun Afirka ta Kudu, Derby na Afirka ta Kudu. === Littattafan da aka buga === A shekara ta 1992, ta rubuta wani bangare na tarihin kanta, wani bangare ya koyar da jagora tare da Julia Attwood-Wheeler .  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBetrixAttwood-Wheeler1992">''Tsalle zuwa Nasara''. Masu wallafa littattafai na Kudancin. </cite><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBetrixAttwood-Wheeler1992">[[ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/1868122190|<bdi>1868122190</bdi>]].&nbsp;</cite> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m99erz9jbt2mci7hxinbvu09kjrqish 0 77942 890337 416245 2026-08-01T22:06:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Viwe Jingqi''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005) 'yar wasan tsere ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 2024 ta zama zakara ta Afirka ta Kudu a kan mita 100. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta ne a Engcobo, ƙauyen karkara a Gabashin Cape ga mahaifiyarta Nothando da mahaifinta Zweledinga, ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta TuksSport a [[Pretoria]] . Babban ɗan'uwanta Vukile ya mutu a hatsarin mota a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Botton |first=Wesley |date=9 April 2022 |title=From tragic loss to breaking ground: Viwe Jingqi rewriting record books |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/viwe-jingqi-rewriting-sa-youth-record-books/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Citizen.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viwe Jingqi, 17 |url=https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/viwe-jingqi-17-2022/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=200youngsouthafricans |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419200636/https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/viwe-jingqi-17-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ta horar da ita a Jami'ar Pretoria kafin tare da kocinta mai suna Paul Gorries a Jami'a ta Arewa maso Yamma, ta kasance zakara ta Afirka ta Kudu U18 a kan mita 100 da mita 200 a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baloyi |first=Charles |date=15 March 2024 |title=Teenage sprinter Viwe Jingqi is back following a long-term injury |url=https://www.sabcsport.com/news/teenage-sprinter-viwe-jingqi-is-back-following-a-long-term-injury |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=sabcsport}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2022, a matsayin mai shekaru 17, ta cancanci duka 100m da 200m na karshe a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 ta 2022 a Cali, Colombia . Shekarar da ta gabata, tana da shekaru 16 kawai, ta ci gaba zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na 200m a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 ta 2021 a [[Nairobi]], Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isaacson |first=David |date=15 March 2024 |title=My life was hell without athletics,’ says teen sprint star Viwe Jingqi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/amp/sport/2024-03-15-my-life-was-hell-without-athletics-says-teen-sprint-star-viwe-jingqi/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Timeslive.co.za}}</ref> Ta sha wahala daga rashin lafiya da rauni a 2023, gami da tilasta cirewa daga kayan aikinta, wanda ya iyakance ikonta na tsere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Xabania |first=Simnikiwe |date=17 March 2024 |title='Without athletics my life was hell': Viwe Jingqi on finally making it back on track |url=https://www.news24.com/sport/othersport/athletics/without-athletics-my-life-was-hell-viwe-jingqi-on-finally-making-it-back-on-track-20240317 |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=news24.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Isaacson |first=David |date=21 February 2024 |title=Sprint sensation Jingqi returns to track after injuries, illness derailed her 2023 |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/2024-02-21-sprint-sensation-viwe-jingqi-returns-to-the-track-after-a-year-on-the-sidelines/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Timeslive.co.za}}</ref> Ta lashe tseren mita 100 a gasar zakarun Afirka ta Kudu a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024 a cikin sa'o'i 11.23. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |first=Ashfak |date=19 April 2024 |title=Akani Simbine, Viwe Jingqi rule 100m as Wayde van Niekerk ‘shakes legs out a bit’ |url=https://www.iol.co.za/weekend-argus/sport/akani-simbine-viwe-jingqi-rule-100m-as-wayde-van-niekerk-shakes-legs-out-a-bit-80834b7a-855c-4b5a-9124-aa2f4fa83f39 |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 1nu62eqw1iqi2bq7skjjkfyy95devvz 890338 890337 2026-08-01T22:06:58Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 890338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Viwe Jingqi''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005) 'yar wasan tsere ce ta Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 2024 ta zama zakara ta Afirka ta Kudu a kan mita 100. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta ne a Engcobo, ƙauyen karkara a Gabashin Cape ga mahaifiyarta Nothando da mahaifinta Zweledinga, ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta TuksSport a [[Pretoria]] . Babban ɗan'uwanta Vukile ya mutu a hatsarin mota a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Botton |first=Wesley |date=9 April 2022 |title=From tragic loss to breaking ground: Viwe Jingqi rewriting record books |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/viwe-jingqi-rewriting-sa-youth-record-books/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Citizen.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viwe Jingqi, 17 |url=https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/viwe-jingqi-17-2022/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=200youngsouthafricans |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419200636/https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/viwe-jingqi-17-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ta horar da ita a Jami'ar Pretoria kafin tare da kocinta mai suna Paul Gorries a Jami'a ta Arewa maso Yamma, ta kasance zakara ta Afirka ta Kudu U18 a kan mita 100 da mita 200 a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baloyi |first=Charles |date=15 March 2024 |title=Teenage sprinter Viwe Jingqi is back following a long-term injury |url=https://www.sabcsport.com/news/teenage-sprinter-viwe-jingqi-is-back-following-a-long-term-injury |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=sabcsport}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2022, a matsayin mai shekaru 17, ta cancanci duka 100m da 200m na karshe a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 ta 2022 a Cali, Colombia . Shekarar da ta gabata, tana da shekaru 16 kawai, ta ci gaba zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na 200m a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta U20 ta 2021 a [[Nairobi]], Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isaacson |first=David |date=15 March 2024 |title=My life was hell without athletics,’ says teen sprint star Viwe Jingqi |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/2024-03-15-my-life-was-hell-without-athletics-says-teen-sprint-star-viwe-jingqi/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Timeslive.co.za}}</ref> Ta sha wahala daga rashin lafiya da rauni a 2023, gami da tilasta cirewa daga kayan aikinta, wanda ya iyakance ikonta na tsere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Xabania |first=Simnikiwe |date=17 March 2024 |title='Without athletics my life was hell': Viwe Jingqi on finally making it back on track |url=https://www.news24.com/sport/othersport/athletics/without-athletics-my-life-was-hell-viwe-jingqi-on-finally-making-it-back-on-track-20240317 |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=news24.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Isaacson |first=David |date=21 February 2024 |title=Sprint sensation Jingqi returns to track after injuries, illness derailed her 2023 |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/2024-02-21-sprint-sensation-viwe-jingqi-returns-to-the-track-after-a-year-on-the-sidelines/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Timeslive.co.za}}</ref> Ta lashe tseren mita 100 a gasar zakarun Afirka ta Kudu a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024 a cikin sa'o'i 11.23. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |first=Ashfak |date=19 April 2024 |title=Akani Simbine, Viwe Jingqi rule 100m as Wayde van Niekerk ‘shakes legs out a bit’ |url=https://www.iol.co.za/weekend-argus/sport/akani-simbine-viwe-jingqi-rule-100m-as-wayde-van-niekerk-shakes-legs-out-a-bit-80834b7a-855c-4b5a-9124-aa2f4fa83f39 |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] lcjiz6al4j52qmj0200v99ip2l8ig3e 0 78392 890380 533373 2026-08-02T02:24:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Women in Tech.jpg|thumb|Mai koyan fasaha]] '''Women in Tech Africa''' ( '''WiTA''' ) kungiya ce da ke mai da hankali kan faɗaɗa harkokin kasuwanci da kuma ƙara yawan mata a fannin fasaha, musamman a [[Afirka]]. Ethel D Cofie ne ya kafa shi. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, WiTA ta mai da hankali kan dabarun baiwa mata damar fitar da labarin ci gaban Afirka da haifar da tasiri kan rayuwar mutum ta hanyar fasaha. A halin yanzu, masu sauraron sa sun haɗa da ƴan kasuwa mata masu son kasuwanci tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 40. Mata a Tech Africa ita ce rukuni mafi girma a nahiyar da ke da mambobi a cikin ƙasashe 30 na duniya tare da sassan jiki a [[Ghana]], [[Malawi]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Somaliland]], [[Jamus]], Ireland, [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]] da [[Moris|Mauritius]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women in Tech Africa [africa's largest women in tech group] {{!}} Creating Opportunities and affecting our communities |url=http://www.womenintechafrica.com/ |access-date=2018-10-04 |website=www.womenintechafrica.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2018-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000301/http://www.womenintechafrica.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Maƙasudai == * Ƙarfafa ƙwarin gwiwar mata zuwa fasaha da ɗaukar matsayi na jagoranci a fannonin fasaha. * Ƙirƙirar bututun mata don zaɓar ayyukan STEM. * Ƙarfafa mata zuwa cikin STEM na kasuwanci. == Manyan ayyuka == === Mata a Makon Fasaha (WiTW) === Wannan biki na dijital yana kawo mata masu fasaha a duniya tare don murnar nasara da tasiri ta hanyar horar da jagoranci, koyan takwarorinsu, da kuma tarurrukan bita. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women in Tech Week – Women in Tech Week |url=http://womenintechweek.com/ |access-date=2018-10-04 |website=womenintechweek.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Batutuwan da aka fi mayar da hankali sun shafi fasaha, kasuwanci, daidaiton aiki-rayuwa, da jagoranci. Masu sauraro na waɗannan abubuwan gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi ƴan kasuwa na fasaha na mata, 'yan mata masu neman ayyukan STEM da mata masu zartarwa na C. Waɗannan abubuwan sun fi mayar da hankali ba kawai ga mata a Afirka ba amma matan Afirka a duk faɗin duniya. A halin yanzu, WiTW ta sami tallafi daga Graca Machel Trust. === MTN Girlcode === Tare da haɗin gwiwar MTN Foundation, Mata a Tech Africa sun shirya aikin MTN Girl Code aikin a cikin shekarar 2017. Wannan aikin ya nemi ƙara yawan mata da ke shiga cikin MTN App Challenge (shirin MTN da ake gudanarwa kowace shekara), inganta yawan mata a cikin yanayin coding a Ghana da ƙarfafa yawan mace a cikin tsarin muhalli na farawa na Afirka. Horowan sun kasance cikin ingantacciyar kasuwanci, aikace-aikacen hannu da haɓaka IoT da haɓaka wasa da rayarwa. === #HerFuture Africa Boot Camp === A cikin Haɗin kai tare da ATBN (UK) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Technology Business Network |url=http://www.africatbn.com/ |access-date=2018-10-04 |website=Africa Technology Business Network |language=en}}</ref> da Comic Relief, #HerFuture Africa, wani shiri ne na ƙarfafa kasuwancin mata da ke da nufin ƙarfafawa da kuma ba da damar samari mata da kayan aikin da suka dace don magance buƙatun al'ummominsu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=HerFutureAfrica |url=http://www.herfutureafrica.org/ |access-date=2018-10-04 |website=HerFutureAfrica |language=en |archive-date=2018-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005194914/http://www.herfutureafrica.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An horar da mahalarta a cikin tunanin ƙira, tunani, tsare-tsaren ayyuka, da zanen ƙirar kasuwanci da samar da mafita. Wannan aikin ya ga tashin [[Ivy Barley]], <ref name=":0" /> wanda ya kafa Developers a Vogue. === #CTA-Agrictech === Tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Fasaha don Haɗin gwiwar Aikin Noma da Karkara (CTA) AgriHack Talent Initiative, wannan yunƙurin da nufin haɓaka kasuwancin don ingantacciyar rayuwa a ƙasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific. An buɗe gasar filin AgriHack ga waɗanda suka kafa hanyoyin sadarwa na ICT waɗanda ke magance buƙatu a fannin aikin gona. == Kyauta == * Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tayi daidai da lambar yabo don Jagoranci 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 EQUALS in Tech Award winners reimagine the digital future {{!}} EQUALS global partnership to bridge the digital gender divide |url=https://www.equals.org/single-post/2018/09/23/2018-EQUALS-in-Tech-Award-winners-reimagine-the-digital-future |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520010309/https://www.equals.org/single-post/2018/09/23/2018-EQUALS-in-Tech-Award-winners-reimagine-the-digital-future |archive-date=2019-05-20 |access-date=2018-10-04 |website=EQUALS global partnership to bridge the digital gender divide |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == kfzg0z2zoy6loyh7ee45txiby3duw1z 0 78684 890133 495604 2026-08-01T13:30:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Matt Cameron & J.J. Johnson in concert with the Tedeschi Trucks Band.jpg|thumb|Tedeschi Trucks Band]] Tedeschi Trucks Band (/təˈdɛski/) kungiya ce ta Amurka da ke zaune a Jacksonville, Florida . An kafa shi a shekara ta 2010, ƙungiyar tana karkashin jagorancin ma'aurata Susan Tedeschi da Derek Trucks. Kundin su na farko, Revelator (2011), ya lashe kyautar Grammy ta 2012 don Mafi kyawun Blues Album . Kungiyar ta fitar da studio guda biyar da kuma kundin rayuwa guda uku. == Tarihi == Bayan yawon shakatawa tare a 2007 a matsayin Derek Trucks & Susan Tedeschi's Soul Stew Revival, ma'auratan sun haɗu da ƙungiyoyin su don kafa Tedeschi Trucks Band a cikin 2010.<ref name="Bryson">{{Cite web |last=Bryson |first=Alan |date=June 7, 2010 |title=Susan Tedeschi: Dreams and Legends |url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=36591&pg=3#4 |access-date=June 7, 2010 |website=All About Jazz}}</ref> Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya kasance a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2010, a Bikin Kiɗa na Savannah . [[Fayil:Derek_and_Susan_at_Mizner.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Tedeschi da Trucks suna yin aiki a matsayin Soul Stew Revival a cikin 2007.]] The first Tedeschi Trucks Band album, ''Revelator'', was released on June 7, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introducing Tedeschi Trucks Band |url=http://www.derekandsusan.net/news/introducing-tedeschi-trucks-band |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723084802/https://www.derekandsusan.net/news/introducing-tedeschi-trucks-band |archive-date=July 23, 2011 |access-date=March 7, 2011 |publisher=Derek Trucks and Susan Tedeschi website}}</ref> The album peaked at No.&nbsp;92 on the Canadian Albums Chart,<ref>{{Cite web |title=CANOE - JAM! Music - SoundScan Charts |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archive-date=December 26, 2004 |access-date=March 21, 2013 |publisher=Jam.canoe.ca}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2017|reason=Provided citation does not list album}} No.&nbsp;164 in the UK Albums Chart<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chart Log UK: New Entries Update - 18.06.2011 |url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/110618cluk.txt |access-date=March 21, 2013 |website=Zobbel.de}}</ref> and won a Grammy Award for Best Blues Album.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2012 |title=Nominees And Winners |url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees?year=2011&genre=59 |access-date=January 7, 2012 |website=Grammy.com}}</ref> An rubuta kundi na biyu, Everybody's Talkin', kai tsaye kuma an sake shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schurhoff |first=Angela |date=April 23, 2012 |title=Tedeschi Trucks Band gets behind 'Everybody's Talkin{{'}}{{'}} |url=http://www.soundspike.com/story/4267/tedeschi-trucks-band-gets-behind-everybodys-talkin/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427113156/http://www.soundspike.com/story/4267/tedeschi-trucks-band-gets-behind-everybodys-talkin/ |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |access-date=May 7, 2012 |website=Soundspike.com}}</ref> A cikin 2013, an zabi ƙungiyar don Blues Music Awards <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues Music Awards Nominees - 2013 - 34th Blues Music Awards |url=https://blues.org/#ref=bluesmusicawards_nominees |access-date=March 21, 2013 |website=Blues.org}}</ref> kuma sun saki kundi na uku, Made Up Mind . Kungiyar ta ba da kide-kide na Joe Cocker ''Mad Dogs da Ingilishi'' a bikin Lockn 'na 2015 wanda ke nuna tsoffin mawaƙa daga wannan kundin ciki har da Leon Russell, Claudia Lennear da Dave Mason. <ref>{{Cite web |title=After 45 Years, Island Photographer Reunites with Mad Dogs, Englishmen in Concert and Rolling Stone |url=http://www.insidebainbridge.com/2015/07/19/after-45-years-island-photographer-reunites-with-mad-dogs-englishmen-in-concert-and-rolling-stone/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719193734/http://www.insidebainbridge.com/2015/07/19/after-45-years-island-photographer-reunites-with-mad-dogs-englishmen-in-concert-and-rolling-stone/ |archive-date=July 19, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2015 |website=Inside Bainbridge}}</ref> Sony Masterworks ne suka buga kundi uku na farko na ƙungiyar, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tedeschi Trucks Band: A Joyful Noise (Cover Story Excerpt) |url=https://www.relix.com/articles/detail/tedeschi_trucks_band_a_joyful_noise/P2 |access-date=January 29, 2016 |website=Relix}}</ref> amma an saki kundi na 2016, Let Me Get By, a kan Fantasy Records.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2015 |title=Tedeschi Trucks Band To Release New Album Let Me Get By |url=http://americansongwriter.com/2015/11/tedeschi-trucks-band-to-release-new-album-let-me-get-by/ |access-date=November 18, 2015 |website=AmericanSongwriter.com |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208075110/http://americansongwriter.com/2015/11/tedeschi-trucks-band-to-release-new-album-let-me-get-by/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Trucks ne suka samar da shi, kundin ya fara ne a lamba 15 a kan jadawalin tallace-tallace na <nowiki><i id="mwUQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Let Me Get By - Tedeschi Trucks Band |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/let-me-get-by-mw0002902713/awards |access-date=March 2, 2016 |website=AllMusic}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Tedeschi Trucks Band ta fitar da fim din kide-kide mai tsawo da kundin da aka rubuta a Oakland, CA, Live daga Fox Oakland . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenhaus, Mike |date=April 24, 2007 |title=The Core: Derek Trucks |url=https://relix.com/articles/detail/the_core_derek_trucks/ |access-date=April 14, 2020 |website=Relix}}</ref> An saki kundi na huɗu, Signs, a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 2019, a kan Fantasy Records da Concord . A ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 2019, ƙungiyar ta sanar da kwanakin yawon shakatawa har zuwa watan Agusta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tedeschi Trucks Band Announce New Album, 'Signs', Out 2/15 via Fantasy Records/Concord |url=https://www.musicnewsnet.com/2019/01/tedeschi-trucks-band-announce-new-album-signs-out-215-via-fantasy-recordsconcord.html |access-date=16 February 2019 |website=Music News Net |archive-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110014217/https://www.musicnewsnet.com/2019/01/tedeschi-trucks-band-announce-new-album-signs-out-215-via-fantasy-recordsconcord.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zaɓi Signs a matsayin 'Favorite Blues Album' ta AllMusic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Favorite Blues Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/year-in-review/2019/favorite-blues |access-date=December 24, 2019 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> Layla Revisited (Live at LOCKN') an sanar da ita a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2021. Kundin rikodin kai tsaye ne na Derek da Dominos album Layla da Sauran Waƙoƙin Ƙaunar da aka yi tare da Trey Anastasio . An rubuta shi a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 2019, a Bikin LOCKN a Arrington, VA, an saki kundin a ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2021 |title=Tedeschi Trucks Band Announces 'Layla Revisited' |url=https://www.premierguitar.com/news/tedeschi-trucks-band-layla |access-date=May 10, 2021 |website=premiereguitar.com}}</ref> [[Fayil:Tedeschi Trucks Band in Vancouver, Canada, May 25, 2024.jpg|thumb|Tedeschi Trucks Band]] A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2022, Tedeschi Trucks Band ta sanar da I Am the Moon, kundi guda huɗu wanda ke dauke da waƙoƙi 24 na asali wanda aka saki a sassa huɗu a cikin shekara, farawa da ''I. Crescent'' a ranar 3 ga Yuni, II. ''Na biyu. Hawan'' dutse a ranar 1 ga Yuli, III. ''Na uku. Fallen'' a ranar 29 ga Yuli da IV. ''Na huɗu. Farewell'' a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta. An kuma saki kundin a matsayin akwati wanda ke dauke da dukkan sassa huɗu a ranar 9 ga Satumba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 20, 2022 |title=Tedeschi Trucks Band Announce Four-LP Series, 'I Am the Moon' |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/tedeschi-trucks-band-i-am-the-moon/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |website=ultimateclassicrock.com}}</ref> == Mambobin ƙungiyar == * Susan Tedeschi - jagora murya, rhythm da jagora guitar <small> (2010-yanzu) </small> * Derek Trucks - zane da jagorar guitar (2010-yanzu) <small> (2010-yanzu) </small> * Tyler Greenwell - drums, percussion (2010-yanzu) <small> (2010-yanzu) </small> * Mike Mattison - muryoyin jituwa, guitar acoustic (2010-yanzu) <small> (2010-yanzu) </small> * Mark Rivers - muryoyin jituwa (2010-yanzu) <small> (2010-yanzu) </small> * Kebbi Williams - saxophone (2010-yanzu) <small> (2010-yanzu) </small> * Ephraim Owens - ƙaho <small> (2015-yanzu) </small> * Elizabeth Lea - trombone (2015-yanzu) <small> (2015-yanzu) </small> * Alecia Chakour - muryoyin jituwa (2015-yanzu) <small> (2015-yanzu) </small> * Brandon Boone - bass guitar <small> (2019-yanzu) </small> * Gabe Dixon - maɓallan, murya <small> (2019-yanzu) </small> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio |url=https://www.tedeschitrucksband.com/about |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=Tedeschitrucksband.com |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216205940/https://www.tedeschitrucksband.com/about |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Isaac Eady - drums, percussion <small> (2021-yanzu) </small> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=Tedeschi Trucks Introduces New Drummer, Welcomes Nels Cline For Full Set At Red Rocks [Photos/Videos] |url=https://liveforlivemusic.com/news/tedeschi-trucks-red-rocks-isaac-eady-nels-cline-07-30-31-21-photos-videos/ |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=Liveforlivemusic.com}}</ref> '''Tsoffin mambobin ƙungiyar''' * Oteil Burbridge - bass guitar <small>(2010-2012)</small> * Tim Lefebvre - bass guitar (2013-2018) <small>(2013–2018)</small> * Maurice "Mobetta" Brown - ƙaho (2010-2015) <small>(2010–2015)</small> * Saunders Sermons - trombone (2010-2015) <small>(2010–2015)</small> * Kofi Burbridge - maɓallan, sarewa <small> (2010-2019; mutuwarsa) </small> * JJ Johnson - drum, percussion (2010-2020) <small>(2010–2020)</small> '''Masu kiɗa masu yawon shakatawa''' * Dave Monsey - bass <small>(2012)</small> * Ted Pecchio - bass (2012) <small>(2012)</small> * George Porter, Jr. - bass <small>(2012)</small> * Eric Krasno - bass <small>(2013)</small> * Bakithi Kumalo - bass <small>(2013)</small> * Carey Frank - maɓallan <small>(2017)</small> === Jerin lokaci === {{#tag:timeline|ImageSize=width:800 height:auto barincrement:18 PlotArea = left:130 bottom:125 top:5 right:30 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/2010 till:{{#time: m/d/Y}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:3 ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:2010 ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:2010 Colors = id:vocals value:red legend:Lead_vocals id:lead value:teal legend:Lead_guitar id:guitar value:brightgreen legend:Rhythm_guitar id:slide value:drabgreen legend:Slide_guitar id:bass value:blue legend:Bass id:drums value:orange legend:Drums,_percussion id:keys value:purple legend:Keyboards id:flute value:yellow legend:Flute id:sax value:tan2 legend:Saxophone id:trumpet value:skyblue legend:Trumpet id:wind value:coral legend:Trombone id:v value:pink legend:Backing/harmony_vocals id:album value:black legend:Studio_Album LineData = layer:back color:album at:06/07/2011 at:08/20/2013 at:01/29/2016 at:02/15/2019 at:03/06/2022 BarData = bar:ST text:"Susan Tedeschi" bar:DT text:"Derek Trucks" bar:KB text:"Kofi Burbridge" bar:GD text:"Gabe Dixon" bar:OB text:"Oteil Burbridge" bar:TL text:"Tim Lefebvre" bar:BB text:"Brandon Boone" bar:TG text:"Tyler Greenwell" bar:JJ text:"J. J. Johnson" bar:IE text:"Isaac Eady" bar:KW text:"Kebbi Williams" bar:MB text:"Mobetta Brown" bar:EO text:"Ephraim Owens" bar:SS text:"Saunders Sermons" bar:EL text:"Elizabeth Lea" bar:MM text:"Mike Mattison" bar:MR text:"Mark Rivers" bar:AC text:"Alecia Chakour" PlotData= width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4) bar:ST from:start till:end color:vocals bar:ST from:start till:end color:guitar width:7 bar:ST from:start till:end color:lead width:3 bar:DT from:start till:end color:lead width:3 bar:DT from:start till:end color:slide bar:OB from:start till:12/31/2012 color:bass bar:TL from:01/01/2013 till:12/31/2018 color:bass bar:BB from:01/01/2019 till:end color:bass bar:TG from:start till:end color:drums bar:JJ from:start till:11/20/2020 color:drums bar:IE from:02/08/2021 till:end color:drums bar:KB from:start till:02/15/2019 color:keys bar:KB from:start till:02/15/2019 color:flute width:3 bar:GD from:02/16/2019 till:end color:keys bar:GD from:02/16/2019 till:end color:v width:3 bar:KW from:start till:end color:sax bar:MB from:start till:05/01/2015 color:trumpet bar:EO from:05/01/2015 till:end color:trumpet bar:SS from:start till:05/01/2015 color:wind bar:EL from:05/01/2015 till:end color:wind bar:MM from:start till:end color:v bar:MM from:start till:end color:guitar width:3 bar:MR from:start till:end color:v bar:AC from:05/01/2015 till:end color:v}} == Bayanan da aka yi == === Kundin studio === ===Manazarta=== cui0nqu2xee81qhhi5lg8339pw57bpw 0 80693 890466 577165 2026-08-02T07:43:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''ZI Khan Panna''' lauya ne ɗan ƙasar [[Bangladesh]] kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-15 |title=Experts: US using human rights as strategic tool |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/10/15/rights-activist-worst-violation-of-human-rights-took-place-in-1975 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=www.dhakatribune.com |language=en}}</ref> Shi ne shugaban Ain O Salish Kendra, kungiyar ba da agaji ta shari'a a Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The New |title=Chairman of Ain O Salish Kendra ZI Khan Panna speaking at a prèss conference organised by Human Rights Forum Bangladesh in DRU auditorium on Thursday with a call to implement recommendations of Anti-repression Committee of the United Nations. |url=http://thedailynewnation.com/news/226333/chairman-of-ain-o-salish-kendra-zi-khan-panna-speaking-at-a-prss-conference-organised-by-human-rights-forum-bangladesh-in-dru-auditorium-on-thursday-with-a-call-to-implement-recommendations-of-anti-repression-committee-of-the-united-nations.html/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The New Nation |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306205103/https://thedailynewnation.com/news/226333/chairman-of-ain-o-salish-kendra-zi-khan-panna-speaking-at-a-prss-conference-organised-by-human-rights-forum-bangladesh-in-dru-auditorium-on-thursday-with-a-call-to-implement-recommendations-of-anti-repression-committee-of-the-united-nations.html/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Panna Ma'aikacin Amintacciyar Tallafin Shari'a ce ta Bangladesh (Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BLAST expresses concern after attack on trustee |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/37493/article/articlelist/323/article/35972 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=New Age {{!}} The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306205059/https://www.newagebd.net/article/37493/article/articlelist/323/article/35972 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=blastadmin |title=BOARD OF TRUSTEES |url=https://www.blast.org.bd/who/governance/trustees |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=BLAST’s mission is to make the legal system accessible to the poor and the marginalized. |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306205100/https://www.blast.org.bd/who/governance/trustees |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shi ne shugaban kwamitin ba da agajin doka na Majalisar Lauyoyin Bangladesh. <ref name=":0" /> == Sana'a == A shekara ta 2005, Panna ya shigar da kara a madadin majalisar lauyoyin Bangladesh inda ya buƙaci gwamnati ta yi bayanin gazawarta na kama waɗanda ke da hannu wajen tayar da bam a wata kotu a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 538 |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/12/01/d5120101011.htm |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Panna ya kalubalanci dokar biyan diyya ga jami'an tsaro da ke da hannu a Operation Clean Heart a shekarar 2012 wanda ya sa babbar kotun Bangladesh ta soke ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=Senior |title=Full High Court verdict scrapping Operation Clean Heart indemnity law published |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/full-high-court-verdict-scrapping-operation-clean-heart-indemnity-law-published |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=bdnews24.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin watan Nuwamba 2014, ya ba da sanarwar doka ga ministoci uku, Mosharraf Hossain, Saifuzzaman Chowdhury, da Zahid Maleque, da su yi murabus saboda suna riƙe da ofisoshin riba yayin da suke aiki a matsayin ministoci da suka saba wa kundin tsarin mulkin Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=Star Online |date=2014-11-09 |title=Legal notice served on 3 ministers |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/legal-notice-served-on-3-ministers-49492 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, ya yi tambaya game da yanayin dimokuraɗiyya a Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Correspondent |date=2015-01-20 |title=Life, work of 4 ASK founders celebrated |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/life-work-of-4-ask-founders-celebrated-60799 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> A cikin watan Maris 2018, wasu da ba a san ko su waye ba sun kai wa Panna hari a harabar jami'ar [[Dhaka]]. <ref name=":0"/> A cikin shekarar 2020, ya shigar da ƙarar neman hana siyar da makamai daga Yaƙin 'Yancin Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Correspondent |date=2020-11-16 |title=‘Stop sale of weapons used in Liberation War’ |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/stop-sale-weapons-used-liberation-war-1995701 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan hare-haren da ake kai wa marasa rinjaye a Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=Star Online |date=2020-05-31 |title=16 noted citizens demand justice for attacks on minorities during pandemic |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/16-noted-citizens-demand-justice-attacks-minorities-during-pandemic-1907023 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Panna ya yi magana game da kisan gillar da aka yi wa Sheikh Mujibur Rahman da kuma zartar da dokar cin zarafi, 1975 don kare masu kisan gilla. <ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Worst violation of human rights took place in 1975’ |url=https://unb.com.bd/category/bangladesh/worst-violation-of-human-rights-took-place-in-1975/102557 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=unb.com.bd}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2021, Panna ta soki hukuncin da aka yanke a shari’ar fyaɗen bishiyar ruwan sama da aka yi wa ɗan mai gidan Apan Jewelers kuma ta ce ba daidai ba ne alkali ya nemi ‘yan sanda su ki karbar korafin fyaɗen sa’o’i 72 da faruwar lamarin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-13 |title=Raintree hotel rape case verdict: It may encourage offenders |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/it-may-encourage-offenders-2228356 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2022, Panna ya wakilci ɗan ƙasar Kanada wanda iyayenta suka tsare ta da ƙarfi a gidansu na Dhaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=Star Digital |date=2022-04-10 |title=Parents should not impose anything forcefully on children: HC |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/parents-should-not-impose-anything-forcefully-children-hc-3002191 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Panna ta shigar da kara a babbar kotun Bangladesh tana neman kawo karshen cin zarafin mata a cibiyoyin ilimi a Bangladesh a watan Janairun 2023 mai wakiltar Ain O Salish Kendra. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Correspondent |date=2023-01-11 |title=Form committees to prevent sexual harassment at edu institutions: HC |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/form-committees-prevent-sexual-harassment-edu-institutions-hc-3217696 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi magana game da rikice-rikicen da ke kunno kai tsakanin alkalai da shugabannin kungiyar lauyoyi da ke goyon bayan Awami League da jami’an kotuna. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Justice suffers as bars run into clash with judges |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/191968/justice-suffers-as-bars-run-into-clash-with-judges |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=New Age {{!}} The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306205059/https://www.newagebd.net/article/191968/justice-suffers-as-bars-run-into-clash-with-judges |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewarsa wannan rikici yana cutar da tsarin adalci. <ref name=":1" /> Ya wakilci Pori Moni a cikin shari'ar narcotics. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Narcotics case: SC upholds HC's stay order or trial proceedings against Pori Moni |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/narcotics-case-sc-upholds-hcs-stay-order-or-trial-proceedings-against-pori-moni-565050 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qja7ags8t27jf7m1pkatjo1h1w8go5i 0 81169 890150 798592 2026-08-01T14:27:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''The Fair Start Movement''' kungiya ce ta [[Haƙƙoƙin yara|kare hakkin yara]] da ke ba da shawarar [[Intergenerational equity|yin adalci tsakanin tsararraki]] . Yana yin haka ta hanyar haƙƙin haifuwa bisa tushen adalci don inganta yanayin muhalli da zamantakewar da ake haihuwar yara a ciki - ta hanyar amfani da ma'auni kamar Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Yara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Subsidizing Delayed Parenthood Will Let Children Lead the Way to a Fairer World |url=https://blogs.luc.edu/lawjournal/2020/04/how-subsidizing-delayed-parenthood-will-let-children-lead-the-way-to-a-fairer-world/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Frey |first=Dr Sibylle |date=2022-10-13 |title=The Costs of Creation: Carter Dillard's Review of "Birth Rights and Wrongs", a Response by Dov Fox and a MAHB Commentary |url=https://mahb.stanford.edu/blog/the-costs-of-creation-carter-dillards-review-of-birth-rights-and-wrongs-a-response-by-dov-fox-and-a-mahb-commentary-2/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=MAHB |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=How a 20th-Century Family Planning Agenda Fueled the Climate Crisis |url=https://observatory.wiki/How_a_20th-Century_Family_Planning_Agenda_Fueled_the_Climate_Crisis |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Observatory |language=en}}</ref> Ƙungiyar tana ɗaukar waɗannan haƙƙoƙi a matsayin ainihin sharadi na zaɓen kai, tushen haƙƙin siyasa. Hannun jarin da aka gabatar sun haɗa da abubuwan ƙarfafawa don jinkirin haihuwa, haɗin jarirai, da kuɗin ƙaura na yanayi don taimakawa iyalai da ke ƙaura zuwa wurare masu aminci waɗanda rikicin yanayi ba zai yi tasiri ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From Social Justice to Animal Liberation |url=https://www.animallaw.info/sites/default/files/From%20Social%20Justice%20to%20Animal%20Liberation.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennent |first=James |date=2017-12-18 |title=Paul Ryan is being offered $25,000 to have a vasectomy |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/paul-ryan-being-offered-25000-have-vasectomy-1652010 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=International Business Times UK |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weisbrod |first=Katelyn |date=2021-11-16 |title=More Young People Don't Want Children Because of Climate Change. Has the UN Failed to Protect Them? |url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16112021/young-people-children-united-nations-climate-change/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Inside Climate News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-09 |title=Being Free Means Getting Climate Reparations Right: But Not Everyone Is Onboard – OpEd |url=https://mahb.stanford.edu/library-item/being-free-means-getting-climate-reparations-right-but-not-everyone-is-onboard-oped/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=MAHB |language=en-US}}</ref> The Fair Start Movement yana da yuwuwar zama abin hawa don gyaran yanayi . Ma'anar haƙƙin haihuwa ya haɗu da manufofin da manufofin adalci na zamantakewa, adalcin haihuwa, da [[Adalcin Muhalli|adalcin muhalli]], tare da adadinsu, amfani da fifikonsu da aka sanar da su ta hanyar ma'auni mai mahimmanci dangane da haƙƙin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2017 |title=Duchess of Cambridge and Prince William urged not to have a third baby |url=https://ca.style.yahoo.com/duchess-cambridge-prince-william-urged-not-third-baby-101458898.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9mYWlyc3RhcnRtb3ZlbWVudC5vcmcv&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAGyQvyvP1fDPx2QycOm0YMNfmfNDI5q_6EnGobpVTIYIeak7x0pPph1LuYvrVIExfxXfy18PIcWYzNnQmc6KnDVNwAWYly_tk36fzMdbBrFsnjyqWPide-kJ6DxX7ZxsAyyIOhlgb2tJ4V-KVS5xF_aw8_dTyMkngjbUoLNfA6Yx}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MLC Foundation |url=http://www.mlcfoundation.org.in/#assets/ijpd/2022-1/V_2_1_2.pdf |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=www.mlcfoundation.org.in}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Singer |first=Samantha |date=2018-03-26 |title=Group points to Murfreesboro case to stop neglectful parents from having more kids |url=https://fox17.com/news/local/group-points-to-murfreesboro-case-to-stop-neglectful-parents-from-having-more-kids |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=WZTV |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dillard |first=Carter |title=Open Letter to COP 28 Leadership: Correct Your Deadly Cost/Benefit Modeling, and Then Say and Act on These Eight Simple Words: All Children Deserve a Fair Start in Life. |url=https://fairstartmovement.org/open-letter-to-cop-28-leadership-correct-your-deadly-cost-benefit-modeling-and-then-say-and-act-on-these-eight-simple-words-all-children-deserve-a-fair-start-in-life/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=fairstartmovement.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ka'idar Shari'a == The Fair Start Movement yana aiki daga Zero Baseline Model, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carter Dillard (Uehiro Centre, University of Oxford ; University of Oxford - Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics) has posted Fundamental Illegitimacy (Willamette Law Review, Forthcoming) on SSRN. |url=https://lsolum.typepad.com/legaltheory/2020/07/dillard-on-legitimacy.html |access-date=2024-07-09 |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529021323/https://lsolum.typepad.com/legaltheory/2020/07/dillard-on-legitimacy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dillard |first=Carter |date=2021-07-19 |title=Constituting Over Constitutions |url=https://bolognalawreview.unibo.it/article/view/13299 |journal=University of Bologna Law Review |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=48–75 |doi=10.6092/issn.2531-6133/13299 |issn=2531-6133 |access-date=2024-07-09 |archive-date=2024-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716191542/https://bolognalawreview.unibo.it/article/view/13299 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ke nuna cewa ra'ayoyin halatta da wajibcin siyasa ya kamata su ba da fifiko ga daidaiton haihuwa tsakanin tsararraki. Wannan ya haɗa da renon yara bisa ga ƙa'idodin da ke ba su damar yin shawarwari kan sharuɗɗan kowane kwangilar zamantakewa a matsayin mutane masu 'yanci da daidaito, maimakon mayar da hankali kawai kan abubuwan da ba za a iya gani ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behavioural changes for climate action with Michael Shank from Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance |url=https://thegreenroom.simplecast.com/episodes/behavioural-changes-for-climate-action-with-michael-shank-from-carbon-neutral-cities-alliance |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=thegreenroom.simplecast.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dillard |first=Carter |date=2011–2012 |title=The Primary Right |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/penv29&id=866&div=&collection= |journal=Pace Environmental Law Review |volume=29 |pages=[v]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamity |first=Matthew |last2=Dillard |first2=Carter |last3=Bexell |first3=Sarah M. |last4=Graff-Hughey |first4=Catharina |date=2019 |title=A Human Rights Approach to Planning Families |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0049085719863894 |journal=Social Change |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=469–492 |doi=10.1177/0049085719863894 |issn=0049-0857}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dillard |first=Phoebe Barnard, Carter |date=2022-07-10 |title=Access to Family Planning Takes on New Urgency in a Post-Roe, Hotter World |url=https://msmagazine.com/2022/07/10/supreme-court-post-roe-family-planning-climate-change/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Ms. Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Convention on the Rights of the Child |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside the Fair Start Movement |url=https://www.rubywarrington.com/wwk_podcasts/questioning-our-procreative-ethics/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Ruby Warrington |language=en-US}}</ref> Bukatar tabbatar da kyakkyawar farawa ta zamantakewar zamantakewa a rayuwa ta dogara ne akan amincewar ecocide da mamaye duniya a matsayin barazanar wanzuwa ga tsararraki na yanzu da masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Loki |first=Reynard |date=2024-04-26 |title=Should harming mother Earth be a crime? The case for ecocide {{!}} NationofChange |url=https://www.nationofchange.org/2024/04/26/should-harming-mother-earth-be-a-crime-the-case-for-ecocide/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba sauran bayanai == * [[Kungiyar kare hakkin yara]] * Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin Yara * [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] * Tattalin Arzikin Jiha Tsaye * Rewilding (ilimin kiyayewa) * Taron kasa da kasa kan yawan jama'a da ci gaba * [[Intergenerational equity|Daidaito Tsakanin Zamani]] * Zagayowar Talauci * Rashin daidaiton tattalin arziki * Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa * Asalin Kudin shiga na Duniya * [[Hakki zuwa lafiyayyen muhalli|'yancin ɗan adam na samun kyakkyawan muhalli]] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] rpuauye20xx6rm885joqvg1xqng7bf1 0 81338 890495 877651 2026-08-02T10:18:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} [[Fayil:25August_2007_Greek_fires.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam da ke nuna hayaki daga gobarar daji a Girka, wanda ke haifar da matsanancin iska mai iska ta AQI]] Alamar ingancin iska (AQI) alama ce da hukumomin gwamnati suka kirkira <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Air Quality |url=http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.international |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162706/https://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.international |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> don sadarwa ga jama'a yadda iska ta gurɓata a halin yanzu ko kuma yadda aka gurɓata shi zai zama. <ref name="create-clean-room">{{Cite web |date=12 December 2018 |title=Create a Clean Room to Protect Indoor Air Quality During a Wildfire |url=https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/create-clean-room-protect-indoor-air-quality-during-wildfire |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MACC Project - European Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting |url=https://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu/services/raq/raq_nrt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018213242/https://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu/services/raq/raq_nrt/ |archive-date=2014-10-18 |access-date=2014-10-12}}</ref> Yayin da matakan gurɓata iska ke ƙaruwa, haka kuma AQI, tare da haɗarin lafiyar jama'a. Yara, tsofaffi da mutanen dake fama da matsalolin numfashi ko na zuciya galibi sune kungiyoyi na farko da ke fama le rashin ingancin iska. Lokacin da AQI ta fi girma, hukumomin gwamnati gabaɗaya suna ƙarfafa mutane su rage ayyukan jiki a waje, ko ma guje wa fita gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da gobarar daji ta haifar da babban AQI, ana ƙarfafa amfani da abin rufe fuska (kamar mai numfashi na N95) a waje da mai tsabtace iska (wanda ya haɗa da HEPA da matattarar carbon) a cikin gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2023 |title=Create a Clean Room to Protect Indoor Air Quality During a Wildfire |url=https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/create-clean-room-protect-indoor-air-quality-during-wildfire |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=epa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2022 |title=How to mitigate post-fire smoke impacts in your home |url=https://cires.colorado.edu/news/how-mitigate-post-fire-smoke-impacts-your-home |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences (cires.colorado.edu)}}</ref> Kasashe daban-daban suna da alamun ingancin iska, wanda yadace da ka'idojin ingancin iska na kasa daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sune Air Quality Health Index na Kanada, Malaysia's Air Pollution Index, da Singapore's Pollutant Standards Index. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Fayil:Edinburgh_air_quality_measurement_station_dsc06786.jpg|thumb|Tashar auna ingancin iska a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland]] Lissafin AQI yana buƙatar maida hankali kan gurɓataccen iska akan wani matsakaicin lokacin da aka ƙayyade, wanda aka samo daga mai saka idanu na iska ko samfurin. Tare, maida hankali da lokaci suna wakiltar sashi na gurɓataccen iska. Tasirin kiwon lafiya wanda ya dace da wani sashi da aka bayar an kafa shi ne ta hanyar binciken yaduwar cututtuka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2013 |title=Step 2 - Dose-Response Assessment |url=http://www.epa.gov/risk_assessment/dose-response.htm |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> Masu gurɓata iska sun bambanta da ƙarfi, kuma aikin da akayi amfani dashi don canzawa daga gurɓataccen iska zuwa AQI ya bambanta da gurɓata. Ana rarraba ƙimar ƙimar ƙirar iska a cikin kewayon. Kowane kewayon an sanya mai bayyanawa, lambar launi, da kuma daidaitaccen shawarwarin kiwon lafiya na jama'a. AQI na iya ƙaruwa saboda ƙaruwar hayaki. Misali, a lokacin zirga-zirga na gaggawa ko kuma lokacin da akwai gobarar daji ko kuma daga rashin narkewar gurbataccen iska. Rashin [[guguwa|iska]], sau da yawa ya haifar da anticyclone, [[Canjin zafin jiki|juyawa na zafin jiki]], ko ƙananan saurin iska yana barin gurɓata iska ta kasance a cikin yanki, wanda ke haifar da babban taro na gurɓataccen abu, halayen sunadarai tsakanin gurɓatawar iska da yanayin [[Rage iska mai nauyi (Haze)|ha]] [[Fayil:SignboardAirQualityHouston.JPG|thumb|Alamar alama a Gulfton, Houston, Texas, tana nuna agogon ozone]] A ranar da akayi hasashen cewa za a kara AQI saboda gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin cuta, wata hukuma ko ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya ta jama'a na iya: * shawarwari ga ƙungiyoyi masu hankali, kamar tsofaffi, yara da waɗanda keda matsalolin numfashi ko na zuciya, don kauce wa motsa jiki a waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Quality Index - American Lung Association |url=http://www.lung.org/healthy-air/outdoor/air-quality-index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828143922/http://www.lung.org/healthy-air/outdoor/air-quality-index.html |archive-date=28 August 2015 |access-date=20 August 2015 |website=American Lung Association}}</ref> * bayyana "ranar aiki" don ƙarfafa matakan son rai don rage hayaki na iska, kamar amfani da sufuri na jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spare the Air - Summer Spare the Air |url=http://www.sparetheair.org/Make-a-Difference/Spare-the-Air-Every-Day/Summer.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611003730/http://sparetheair.org/Make-a-Difference/Spare-the-Air-Every-Day/Summer.aspx |archive-date=11 June 2018 |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> * bayar da shawarar yin amfani da abin rufe fuska a waje da masu tsarkake iska a cikin gida don hana ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daga shiga huhu <ref>{{Cite web |title=FAQ: Use of masks and availability of masks |url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/pressRoom/Current_Issues/2014/haze/faq--use-of-masks-and-availability-of-masks.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622004913/https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/pressRoom/Current_Issues/2014/haze/faq--use-of-masks-and-availability-of-masks.html |archive-date=2018-06-22 |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> A lokacin da iska ta lalace sosai, kamar wani yanayi na gurɓata iska, lokacin da AQI ta nuna cewa bayyanar mai tsanani na iya haifar da mummunar lahani ga lafiyar jama'a, hukumomi na iya kiran shirye-shiryen gaggawa wanda ke basu damar bada umarni ga manyan masu fitarwa (kamar masana'antun kone kwal) don rage hayaki har sai yanayin haɗari ya ragu. Yawancin gurɓataccen iska ba su da AQI mai alaƙa. Kasashe dayawa suna sa ido kan ozone, ƙwayoyin cuta, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide da nitrogen dioxide, kuma suna lissafin ƙididdigar ingancin iska don waɗannan gurbatawa.<ref name="aqi_basic">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2011 |title=Air Quality Index (AQI) - A Guide to Air Quality and Your Health |url=http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618144741/https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi |archive-date=18 June 2018 |access-date=8 August 2012 |publisher=US EPA}}</ref> Ma'anar AQI a cikin wata al'umma tana nuna maganganun da ke kewaye da ci gaban ka'idodin ingancin iska na ƙasa a wannan al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay Timmons |date=13 August 2014 |title=The EPA's Latest Threat to Economic Growth |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-epas-latest-threat-to-economic-growth-1407970689 |access-date=20 August 2015 |website=WSJ}}</ref> Gidan yanar gizon da ke bada izinin hukumomin gwamnati a ko'ina cikin duniya don gabatar da bayanan sa ido na iska na ainihi don nunawa ta amfani da ma'anar ma'anar ingancin iska kwanan nan ya zama samuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Air Quality Index |url=http://waqi.info/ |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> ==Alamomi ta wurin== ===Ostiraliya=== Kowace daga cikin jihohi da yankuna na Ostiraliya suna da alhakin saka idanu kan ingancin iska da kuma buga bayanai daidai da ka'idojin Kare Muhalli na Kasa (Kyakkyawan Air) (NEPM). <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2016 |title=National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure |url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2016C00215 |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref> Kowace jiha da yanki suna buga bayanan ingancin iska don wuraren sa ido na mutum, kuma yawancin jihohi da yankuna suna buga alamun ingancin iska ga kowane wurin sa ido. A duk faɗin Ostiraliya, ana ɗaukar tsari mai daidaituwa tare da ƙididdigar ingancin iska, ta amfani da sikelin layi mai sauƙi inda 100 ke wakiltar matsakaicin maida hankali ga kowane gurbatawa, kamar yadda NEPM ta saita. Wadannan iyakar maida hankali sune: {| class="wikitable" !Mai gurɓata !Matsakaicin lokaci !Matsakaicin maida hankali |- |Carbon monoxide |Sa'o'i 8 |9 ppm |- | rowspan="2" |Nitrogen dioxide |Sa'a 1 |0.12 ppm |- |Shekara 1 |0.03 ppm |- | rowspan="2" |Ozone |Sa'a 1 |0.10 ppm |- |Sa'o'i 4 |0.08 ppm |- | rowspan="3" |Sulfur dioxide |Sa'a 1 |0.20 ppm |- |Rana 1 |0.08 ppm |- |Shekara 1 |0.02 ppm |- |Lead |Shekara 1 |0.50 μg/m³ |- | rowspan="2" |PM 10 |Rana 1 |50 μg/m³ |- |Shekara 1 |25 μg/m³ |- | rowspan="2" |PM 2.5 |Rana 1 |25 μg/m³ |- |Shekara 1 |8 μg/m³ |} Alamar ingancin iska (AQI) don wani wuri shine kawai mafi girma daga cikin ƙimar ingancin iska don kowane gurbataccen da ake saka idanu a wannan wuri. {| class="wikitable" !AQI !Kashi !Shawarwarin kiwon lafiya |- | style="text-align:center;" |0-33 | style="text-align:center; background:#338ce7;color:#000" |Daɗi sosai |Jin daɗin ayyukan |- | style="text-align:center;" |34-66 | style="text-align:center; background:#37b13c;color:#000" |Daɗi |Jin daɗin ayyukan |- | style="text-align:center;" |67-99 | style="text-align:center; background:#e8dd28;color:#000" |Daidaitaccen |Mutanen da ba a saba da su ba ga gurɓataccen iska: Tsara ayyukan waje masu ƙarfi lokacin da ingancin iska ya fi kyau |- | style="text-align:center;" |100-149 | style="text-align:center; background:#f06520;color:#000" |Talakawa |Ƙungiyoyin masu saurin ji: Yankewa ko sake tsara ayyukan waje masu ƙarfi |- | style="text-align:center;" |150-200 | style="text-align:center; background:#8e1b66;color:#fff" |Talakawa sosai |Ƙungiyoyin masu saurin ji: Guji ayyukan waje masu ƙarfi Kowane mutum: Yankewa ko sake tsara ayyukan waje masu wahala |- | style="text-align:center;" |200+ | style="text-align:center; background:#c51515;color:#fff" |Mai haɗari |Ƙungiyoyin masu hankali: Guji duk ayyukan jiki na waje Kowa: An rage shi sosai a ayyukan jiki na waje |} ===Kanada===   An bayar da rahoton ingancin iska a Kanada shekaru dayawa tare da ƙididdigar ingancin iska na lardin (AQIs). Abu mai mahimmanci, dabi'un AQI suna nuna manufofin kula da ingancin iska, waɗanda suka dogara ne akan mafi ƙarancin fitarwa, maimakon damuwa ta musamman ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) sikelin ne da aka tsara don taimakawa fahimtar tasirin ingancin iska akan kiwon lafiya. Kayan aiki ne na kariya na kiwon lafiya wanda ake amfani dashi don yanke shawara don rage gajeren lokaci ga gurɓataccen iska ta hanyar daidaita matakan aiki yayin karuwar matakan gurɓatawar iska. Air Quality Health Index kuma yana bada shawara kan yadda za'a inganta ingancin iska ta hanyar bada shawarar canjin halayyar don rage sawun muhalli. Wannan alamar tana mai da hankali ga mutanen dake da hankali ga gurɓataccen iska. Yana ba su shawara game da yadda za'a kare lafiyarsu yayin matakan ingancin iska dake da alaƙa da ƙananan, matsakaici, manyan da haɗarin kiwon lafiya. AQHI tana bada lamba daga 1 zuwa 10+ don nuna matakin haɗarin kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da ingancin iska na gida. A wani lokaci, lokacin da yawan gurɓataccen iska yayi yawa, adadin na iya wuce 10. AQHI tana bada ƙimar ingancin iska na yanzu da kuma hasashen ingancin iska a yau, daren dare, da gobe, kuma tana bada shawarar kiwon lafiya mai alaƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-04-16 |title=Environment Canada - Air - AQHI categories and explanations |url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/cas-aqhi/default.asp?lang=En&n=79A8041B-1 |access-date=2011-11-11 |publisher=Ec.gc.ca}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Hadarin lafiya !! AQHI !! colspan="2"| Saƙonnin kiwon lafiya |- | || ||'''Jama'a masu haɗari'''||'''Yawan jama'a''' |- | style="text-align:center; background:#00ccff;color:#000"|Ƙananan hadarin||style="text-align:center; background:#00ccff;color:#000"|1-3||'''Ka ji''' daɗin ayyukanka na waje na yau da kullun.||'''Kyakkyawan''' iska don ayyukan waje. |- | style="text-align:center; background:#ffff00;color:#000"|Matsakaici hadarin||style="text-align:center; background:#ffff00;color:#000"|4-6||'''Ka yi la'akari''' da ragewa ko sake tsara ayyukan gaggawa a waje idan kana fuskantar alamomi.||'''Babu buƙatar canza''' ayyukanku na waje na yau da kullun sai dai idan kun fuskanci alamomi kamar tari da haushi na makogwaro. |- | style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666;color:#000"|Babba hadarin||style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666;color:#000"|7-10||'''Rage ko sake tsara''' ayyukan gaggawa a waje. Yara da tsofaffi ma ya kamata su yi sauƙi.||'''Ka yi la'akari''' da ragewa ko sake tsara ayyukan gaggawa a waje idan ka fuskanci alamomi kamar tari da haushi na makogwaro. |- | style="text-align:center; background:#660000;color:#fff"|Yana da tsawo sosai hadarin||style="text-align:center; background:#660000;color:#fff"|Sama da 10||'''Ka guji''' ayyukan gaggawa a waje. Yara da tsofaffi ya kamata su guji motsa jiki na waje.||'''Rage ko sake tsara''' ayyukan gagarumin aiki a waje, musamman idan kuna fuskantar alamomi kamar tari da haushi na makogwaro. |} ===China=== ====Hong Kong==== A ranar 30 ga watan Disamba, 2013, [[Hong Kong]] ta maye gurbin Air Pollution Index tare da sabon alamar da ake kira Air Quality Health Index . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hsu |first=Angel |title=China's new Air Quality Index: How does it measure up? |url=http://hsu.me/2012/03/chinas-new-air-quality-index-how-does-it-measure-up/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717033733/http://hsu.me/2012/03/chinas-new-air-quality-index-how-does-it-measure-up/ |archive-date=July 17, 2013 |access-date=8 February 2014}}</ref> Wannan lissafin, wanda Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta ruwaito, an auna shi a kan sikelin 1 zuwa 10+ kuma yana la'akari da gurɓataccen iska guda huɗu: ozone; nitrogen dioxide; sulfur dioxide da kwayoyin halitta (ciki har da PM10 da PM2.5). Ga kowane sa'a ana lissafin AQHI daga jimlar yawan haɗarin shiga asibiti na yau da kullun wanda ya danganta da matsakaicin motsi na awa 3 na waɗannan gurbatawa huɗu. An rarraba AQHIs zuwa nau'ikan haɗarin kiwon lafiya guda biyar tare da shawarwarin kiwon lafiya da aka bayar: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Quality Health Index |url=http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/environment/air/aqhi.htm |access-date=9 February 2014 |publisher=Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Matsayin haɗarin kiwon lafiya !! AQHI |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#4db748;color:#000"|Ƙananan | 1 |- | 2 |- | 3 |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#f9a61a;color:#000"|Matsakaici | 4 |- | 5 |- | 6 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#ed1b24;color:#fff"|Babba||7 |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#9f4721;color:#fff"|Yana da tsawo sosai | 8 |- | 9 |- | 10 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#000000;color:#fff"|Mai tsanani||10+ |- |} ====Babban yankin kasar Sin==== Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta kasar Sin (MEP) tana da alhakin auna matakin [[Gurbacewar muhalli a ƙasar Sin|gurɓataccen iska a kasar Sin]]. Ya zuwa Janairu 1, 2013, MEP tana sa ido kan matakin gurɓataccen yau da kullun a cikin 163 daga cikin manyan biranen. Matakin AQI ya dogara ne akan matakin gurɓataccen yanayi guda shida, wato sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar dasu karami fiye da ₁₀ μm a diamita na iska (PM10), ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da suka fi _2.5 μm a cikin diamita na aerodynamic (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), da ozone (O3) da aka auna a tashoshin sa ido a ko'ina cikin kowane birni. <ref name="sepa.gov.cn"/> ; Injiniyoyin AQI Ana lissafin ƙimar mutum (Individual Air Quality Index, IAQI) ta amfani da maida hankali a ƙasa, da kuma amfani da aiki iri ɗaya na layi don lissafin ƙididdigar matsakaici kamar sikelin AQI na Amurka. kuma Za'a iya lissafin darajar AQI ta ƙarshe ko dai a kowace awa ko a kowace awa 24 kuma itace mafi yawan waɗannan ƙididdigar shida.<ref name="sepa.gov.cn"/> {| class="wikitable" |+Kasar AQI ta kasar Sin da wuraren gurbatawa <ref name="sepa.gov.cn"/> !Lissafin mutum ! colspan="10" |raka'a suna cikin μg / m³ ban da CO, wanda ke cikin mg / m³ |- !IAQI !Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) matsakaicin sa'o'i 24 !Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) 1 sa'a ma'ana (1) ^（1） !Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) 24 hours ma'ana !Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) 1 awa yana nufin (1) ^（1） !PM₁₀ na sa'o'i 24 !Carbon monoxide (CO) 24 hours ma'ana !Carbon monoxide (CO) 1 awa ma'ana (1) ^（1） !Ozone (O₃) 1 sa'a ma'ana !Ozone (O₃) 8 sa'a motsi matsakaici !PM_2.5 na sa'o'i 24 |- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |50 |50 |150 |40 |100 |50 |2 |5 |160 |100 |35 |- |100 |150 |500 |80 |200 |150 |4 |10 |200 |160 |75 |- |150 |475 |650 |180 |700 |250 |14 |35 |300 |215 |115 |- |200 |800 |800 |280 |1200 |350 |24 |60 |400 |265 |150 |- |300 |1600 |⁽²⁾ |565 |2340 |420 |36 |90 |800 |800 |250 |- |400 |2100 |⁽²⁾ |750 |3090 |500 |48 |120 |1000 |⁽³⁾ |350 |- |500 |2620 |⁽²⁾ |940 |3840 |600 |60 |150 |1200 |⁽³⁾ |500 |} ''Sakamakon kowane gurbataccen abu ba layi ba ne, kamar yadda ya kasance na karshe na AQI. Don haka AQI na 300 baya nufin sau biyu na gurɓataccen AQI a 150, kuma ba ya nufin iska ta ninka sau biyu. Maida hankali ga gurbataccen lokacin da IAQI ya kasance 100 ba daidai ba ne sau biyu da maida hankali lokacin da IA QI ya kasance 50, kuma ba yana nufin gurbataccen ya ninka sau biyu da lahani. Duk da yake AQI na 50 daga rana 1 zuwa 182 da AQI na 100 daga rana 183 zuwa 365 yana samar da matsakaicin shekara-shekara na 75, ba yana nufin gurɓataccen abu ne mai karɓa ko da an dauki alamar 100 lafiya. Saboda ma'auni shine manufa ta sa'o'i 24, kuma matsakaicin shekara-shekara dole ne ya dace da manufa ta shekara-sheko, yana yiwuwa a sami iska mai aminci kowace rana ta shekara amma har yanzu ya kasa ma'aunin gurɓataccen shekara-shetare.''<ref name="sepa.gov.cn">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-02 |title=环境空气质量指数(AQI) 技术规定(试行) |trans-title=Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality Index (on trial) |url=http://kjs.mep.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/jcffbz/201203/W020120410332725219541.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110324/http://kjs.mep.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/jcffbz/201203/W020120410332725219541.pdf |archive-date=2018-08-30 |access-date=2018-02-02 |website=Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China |language=zh}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+AQI and health implications ! style="text-align:center; width:100px;" |AQI !Air Pollution Level ! style="text-align:center; width:150px;" |Air Pollution<br /><br />Category !Health Implications !Recommended Precautions |- | style="text-align:center;"|0-50 |Level 1 | style="text-align:center; background:#00e400;color:#000"|Excellent |No health implications. |Everyone can continue their outdoor activities normally. |- | style="text-align:center;"|51-100 |Level 2 | style="text-align:center; background:#ffff00;color:#000"|Good |Some pollutants may slightly affect very few hypersensitive individuals. |Only very few hypersensitive people should reduce outdoor activities. |- | style="text-align:center;"|101-150 |Level 3 | style="text-align:center; background:#ff7e00;color:#000"|Lightly Polluted |Healthy people may experience slight irritations and sensitive individuals will be slightly affected to a larger extent. |Children, seniors and individuals with respiratory or heart diseases should reduce sustained and high-intensity outdoor exercises. |- | style="text-align:center;"|151-200 |Level 4 | style="text-align:center; background:#ff0000;color:#fff"|Moderately Polluted |Sensitive individuals will experience more serious conditions. The hearts and respiratory systems of healthy people may be affected. |Children, seniors and individuals with respiratory or heart diseases should avoid sustained and high-intensity outdoor exercises. General population should moderately reduce outdoor activities. |- | style="text-align:center;"|201-300 |Level 5 | style="text-align:center; background:#99004c;color:#fff"|Heavily Polluted |Healthy people will commonly show symptoms. People with respiratory or heart diseases will be significantly affected and will experience reduced endurance in activities. |Children, seniors and individuals with heart or lung diseases should stay indoors and avoid outdoor activities. General population should reduce outdoor activities. |- | style="text-align:center;"|301-500 |Level 6 | style="text-align:center; background:#7e0023;color:#fff"|Severely Polluted |Healthy people will experience reduced endurance in activities and may also show noticeably strong symptoms. Other illnesses may be triggered in healthy people. Elders and the sick should remain indoors and avoid exercise. Healthy individuals should avoid outdoor activities. |Children, seniors and the sick should stay indoors and avoid physical exertion. General population should avoid outdoor activities. |} ===EU=== Common Air Quality Index (CAQI) shine ƙididdigar ingancin iska da akayi amfani dashi a Turai tun shekara ta 2006. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai ta bada sanarwar European Air Quality Index (EAQI) kuma ta fara ƙarfafa amfani da ita a shafukan yanar gizo da sauran hanyoyin sanar da jama'a game da ingancin iska. ====CAQI==== {{As of|2012}}, aikin CiteairII da EU ke tallafawa yayi jayayya cewa an kimanta CAQI a kan "babban saiti" na bayanai, kuma ya bayyana dalilin CAQI da ma'anar. CiteairII ya bayyana cewa samun ƙididdigar ingancin iska wanda zai zama da sauƙi ga jama'a gaba ɗaya shine babban abin da ya motsa shi, yabar tambaya mai rikitarwa na ƙididdigal na kiwon lafiya, wanda zai buƙaci, alal misali, tasirin haɗuwa da matakan gurbatawa daban-daban. Babban manufar CAQI ita ce samun alamar da za ta karfafa kwatankwacin a duk faɗin EU, batare da maye gurbin alamun gida ba. CiteairII ya bayyana cewa "babban burin CAQI ba don gargadi mutane game da yiwuwar mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya na iska mara kyau ba amma don jawo hankalinsu ga gurɓataccen iska na birane da babban tushen sa (tafiye-tafiye) da kuma taimaka musu rage bayyanar su. " Wasu daga cikin mahimman gurɓataccen maida hankali a cikin μg/m³ don ƙididdigar baya na sa'a, ƙididdigatattun ƙididdiga, da kewayon CAQI guda biyar da bayanin magana kamar haka. {| class="wikitable" !Qualitative name !Index or sub-index ! colspan="4" |Pollutant (hourly) concentration |- ! colspan="2" | !NO₂ μg/m{{sup|3}} !PM₁₀ μg/m{{sup|3}} !O₃ μg/m{{sup|3}} !PM_2.5 (optional) μg/m{{sup|3}} |- |Very low | style="background:#79bc6a;color:#000" |0-25 |0-50 |0-25 |0-60 |0-15 |- |Low | style="background:#bbcf4c;color:#000" |25-50 |50-100 |25-50 |60-120 |15-30 |- |Medium | style="background:#eec203;color:#000" |50-75 |100-200 |50-90 |120-180 |30-55 |- |High | style="background:#f29305;color:#000" |75-100 |200-400 |90-180 |180-240 |55-110 |- |Very high | style="background:#e8416f;color:#000" |>100 |>400 |>180 |>240 |>110 |} Ana nuna dabi'u da taswirar CAQI da ake sabuntawa akai-akai a kan www.airqualitynow.eu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.airqualitynow.eu/ |website=airqualitynow.eu}}</ref> da sauran shafukan yanar gizo. An kuma bayyana wani nau'i na shekara na matsakaicin iska (YACAQI), wanda aka rarraba nau'ikan gurbataccen gurbataccen yanayi daban-daban zuwa darajar dake kusa da hadin kai. Misali, matsakaicin shekara-shekara na NO₂, PM₁₀ da PM_2.5 an rabasu da 40 μg / m³, 40 μg - m³ da 20 μg / M³, bi da bi. Gabaɗaya bango ko zirga-zirgar YACAQI don birni shine ma'anar lissafi na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden waɗannan ƙananan alamomi. === Indiya === An ƙaddamar da National Air Quality Index (NAQI) a New Delhi a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2014, a ƙarƙashin Swachh Bharat Abhiyan . Hukumar Kula da Pollution ta Tsakiya tare da Kwamitin Kula da Pollition na Jiha suna aiki da Shirin Kula da Jirgin Sama na Kasa (NAMP) wanda ke rufe birane 240 na ƙasar da ke da tashoshin sa ido sama da 342.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-15 |title=Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations |url=http://www.ppsthane.com/blog/ambient-air-quality-monitoring-stations |access-date=2016-08-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> An kafa Kungiyar Kwararru da ta kunshi masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya, masana ingancin iska, masana kimiyya, kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari, da SPCBs kuma an bada binciken fasaha ga IIT Kanpur. IIT Kanpur da Kungiyar Kwararru sun bada shawarar shirin AQI a cikin 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Air Quality Index |url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~mukesh/indian%20air%20quality.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107224911/http://home.iitk.ac.in/~mukesh/indian%20air%20quality.html |archive-date=2014-11-07 |access-date=2014-10-21}}</ref> Duk da yake ma'aunin da yagabata ya iyakance ga alamomi uku, sabon ma'auni ya auna sigogi takwas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Air Quality Index (AQI) launched by the Environment Minister AQI is a huge initiative under 'Swachh Bharat' |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=110654 |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> Ana shigar da tsarin sa ido na ci gaba wanda ke bada bayanai a kusa da ainihin lokacin a New Delhi, [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Kolkata]] da [[Ahmedabad]]. <nowiki>Akwai nau'ikan AQI guda shida, ''daɗi'', ''mai gamsarwa'', ''matsakaici'', ''talakawa'', ''talakawa sosai'' da ''mai tsanani''. AQI da aka gabatar za tayi la'akari da gurɓataccen abubuwa takwas (PM2" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sub","href":"./Template:Sub"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"10"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAoI" typeof="mw:Transclusion">10, PM2" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"sub","href":"./Template:Sub"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"2.5"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAoM" typeof="mw:Transclusion">2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, da Pb) wanda aka tsara gajeren lokaci (har zuwa matsakaicin sa'o'i 24) Ka'idodin Ingancin Ruwa na Kasa.</nowiki><ref>{{Cite web |title=::: Central Pollution Control Board ::: |url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> Dangane da ma'aunin yanayi, daidaitattun ƙa'idodi da yiwuwar tasirin kiwon lafiya, ana lissafin sub-index ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan gurbatawa. Mafi munin sub-index yana nuna AQI gaba ɗaya. Hakanan an bada shawarar tasirin kiwon lafiya ga nau'ikan AQI daban-daban da gurɓataccen abu, tare da shigarwar farko daga masana kiwon lafiya a cikin rukuni. Darajar AQI da daidaitattun yanayin da suka dace (maɓallin kiwon lafiya) da kuma tasirin kiwon lafiya dake tattare dasu ga masu gurɓataccen abubuwa takwas da aka gano kamar haka: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Rukunin AQI (Range) !! PM₁₀<br>24-hr !! PM_2.5<br>24-hr !! NO₂<br>24-hr !! O₃<br>8-hr !! CO<br>8-hr (mg/m³) !! SO₂<br>24-hr !! NH₃<br>24-hr !! Pb<br>24-hr |-style="background-color:#00b050;color:#000;" | Daɗi (0-50)|| 0-50 || 0-30 || 0-40 || 0-50 || 0-1.0 || 0-40 || 0-200 || 0-0.5 |-style="background-color:#92d050;color:#000;" | Mai gamsarwa (51-100)|| 51-100 || 31-60 || 41-80 || 51-100 || 1.1-2.0 || 41-80 || 201-400 || 0.5-1.0 |-style="background-color:#ffff00;color:#000;" | Matsakaici (101-200)|| 101-250 || 61-90 || 81-180 || 101-168 || 2.1-10 || 81-380 || 401-800 || 1.1-2.0 |-style="background-color:#ff6500;color:#000;" | Talakawa (201-300)|| 251-350 || 91-120 || 181-280 || 169-208 || 10-17 || 381-800 || 801-1200 || 2.1-3.0 |-style="background-color:#ff0000;color:#fff;" | Talakawa sosai (301-400)|| 351-430 || 121-250 || 281-400 || 209-748* || 17-34 || 801-1600 || 1200-1800 || 3.1-3.5 |-style="background-color:#c00000;color:#fff;" | Mai tsanani (401-500)|| 430+ || 250+ || 400+ || 748+* || 34+ || 1600+ || 1800+ || 3.5+ |- |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! AQI !! Magana !! Lambar Launi !! Mahimman Tasirin Lafiya |- | style="text-align:center;"|0-50||style="text-align:center;"|Daɗi||style="background:#00b050;"| ||Ƙananan tasiri |- | style="text-align:center;"|51-100||style="text-align:center;"|Mai gamsarwa||style="background:#92d050;"| ||Ƙananan rashin jin daɗin numfashi ga mutane masu hankali |- | style="text-align:center;"|101-200||style="text-align:center;"|Matsakaici||style="background:#ffff00;"| ||Rashin jin daɗi ga masu fama da huhu, asma da cututtukan zuciya |- | style="text-align:center;"|201-300||style="text-align:center;"|Talakawa||style="background:#ff6500;"| ||Rashin jin daɗin numfashi ga yawancin mutane akan dogon bayyanar da su |- | style="text-align:center;"|301-400||style="text-align:center;"|Talakawa sosai||style="background:#ff0000;"| ||Rashin lafiya na numfashi a kan tsawan lokaci mai tsawo |- | style="text-align:center;"|401-500||style="text-align:center;"|Mai tsanani||style="background:#c00000;"| ||Yana shafar mutane masu lafiya kuma yana tasiri sosai ga waɗanda ke da cututtukan da ke akwai |- |} === Singapore === [[Singafora|Singapore]] tana amfani da Pollutant Standards Index don bayar da rahoto game da ingancin iska, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-08 |title=MEWR - Key Environment Statistics - Clean Air |url=http://app.mewr.gov.sg/web/Contents/Contents.aspx?ContId=52 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009052449/http://app.mewr.gov.sg/web/Contents/Contents.aspx?ContId=52 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |access-date=2011-11-11 |publisher=App.mewr.gov.sg}}</ref> tare da cikakkun bayanai game da lissafin da sukayi kama amma ba daidai bane da waɗanda akayib amfani dasu a Malaysia da Hong Kong. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Environment Agency - Calculation of PSI |url=http://app2.nea.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/20090401682645441976.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515095923/http://app2.nea.gov.sg/data/cmsresource/20090401682645441976.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-15 |access-date=2012-06-15}}</ref>Shafin PSI dake ƙasa an haɗa shi ta ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da masu bayyanawa, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Environment Agency |url=http://app2.nea.gov.sg/psi_hazeplan.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125033900/http://app2.nea.gov.sg/psi_hazeplan.aspx |archive-date=2011-11-25 |access-date=2011-11-11 |publisher=App2.nea.gov.sg}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !PSI !Kashi !Mutane Masu Lafiya !Manya, Mata masu ciki, Yara !Mutanen da ke da Ciwon huhu ko Ciwon Zuciya |- | style="text-align:center;" |0-50 | style="text-align:center; background:#479b02;color:#fff" |Daɗi |Ayyukan al'ada |Ayyukan al'ada |Ayyukan al'ada |- | style="text-align:center;" |51-100 | style="text-align:center; background:#006fa1;color:#fff" |Matsakaici |Ayyukan al'ada |Ayyukan al'ada |Ayyukan al'ada |- | style="text-align:center;" |101-200 | style="text-align:center; background:#ffce03;color:#000" |Rashin lafiya |Iyakacin tsayin daka ko matsananciyar motsa jiki na waje |Rage tsayin daka ko matsananciyar motsa jiki na waje |Guji tsayin daka ko matsananciyar motsa jiki na waje |- | style="text-align:center;" |201-300 | style="text-align:center; background:#ffa800;color:#000" |Ba shi da lafiya sosai |Guji tayin daka ko matsananciyar mosta jiki na waje |Rage ayyukan waje |Guji ayyukan waje |- | style="text-align:center;" |301-500 | style="text-align:center; background:#d60000;color:#fff" |Mai haɗari |Rage ayyukan waje |Guji ayyukan waje |Guji ayyukan waje |} === Koriya ta Kudu === Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Koriya ta Kudu tana amfani da Comprehensive Air-quality Index (CAI) don bayyana ingancin iska na yanayi bisa ga haɗarin kiwon lafiya na gurɓataccen iska. Alamar tana da niyyar taimaka wa jama'a su fahimci ingancin iska da kuma kare lafiyar mutane. CAI yana kan sikelin daga 0 zuwa 500, wanda aka raba shi zuwa kashi shida. Mafi girman darajar CAI, mafi girman matakin gurɓataccen iska.Daga cikin dabi'u na gurɓataccen iska guda biyar, mafi girma shine darajar CAI. Har ila yau, alamar tana da alaƙa da tasirin kiwon lafiya da wakilcin launi na rukunoni kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What's CAI |url=http://www.airkorea.or.kr/eng/cai/cai1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005031/http://www.airkorea.or.kr/eng/cai/cai1 |archive-date=22 June 2018 |access-date=25 October 2015 |publisher=Air Korea}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! CAI !! Bayyanawa !! Tasirin Lafiya |- | style="text-align:center;"|0-50||style="text-align:center; background:#0000ff;color:#fff"|Daɗi||Matakin da ba zai shafi marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka shafi gurɓataccen iska ba |- | style="text-align:center;"|51-100||style="text-align:center; background:#00ff00;color:#000"|Matsakaici||Matsayin da zai iya samun tasiri kaɗan ga marasa lafiya idan akwai bayyanar cututtuka |- | style="text-align:center;"|101-250||style="text-align:center; background:#ffff00;color:#000"|Rashin lafiya||Matsayin da zai iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga marasa lafiya da membobin kungiyoyi masu hankali (yara, tsofaffi ko marasa ƙarfi), kuma ya haifar da rashin jin daɗin jama'a gaba ɗaya |- | style="text-align:center;"|251-500||style="text-align:center; background:#ff0000;color:#fff"|Ba shi da lafiya sosai||Matsayin da zai iya samun mummunar tasiri ga marasa lafiya da membobin kungiyoyi masu hankali idan akwai gagarumin bayyanar |- |} Hasumiyar N Seoul a kan Dutsen Namsan a tsakiyar [[Seoul|Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu]], tana haskakawa da shuɗi, daga faɗuwar rana zuwa 23:00 da 22:00 a cikin hunturu, a kwanakin da [[Gurbacewar Iska|ingancin iska a Seoul]] ya kasance 45 ko ƙasa. A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2012, an kunna Hasumiyar har kwana 52, wanda yafi kwana huɗu fiye da na shekara ta 2011. === Ƙasar Ingila === Alamar ingancin iska da akafi amfani da ita a Burtaniya itace Daily Air Quality Index da Kwamitin Kula da Tasirin Kiwon Lafiya na Air Pollutants (COMEAP) yabada shawarar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=COMEAP |title=Review of the UK Air Quality Index |url=http://comeap.org.uk/documents/130-review-of-the-uk-air-quality-index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115230335/http://www.comeap.org.uk/documents/130-review-of-the-uk-air-quality-index.html |archive-date=2011-11-15 |website=COMEAP website}}</ref> Wannan alamar tana da maki goma, waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin ƙungiyoyi huɗu: ƙasa, matsakaici, sama da kuma sama sosai. Kowace ƙungiya ta zo tare da shawara ga ƙungiyoyin dake cikin haɗari da yawan jama'a.<ref name="defra_AQI">{{Cite web |title=Daily Air Quality Index |url=http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/air-pollution/daqi |website=Air UK Website |publisher=[[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|Defra]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Gurbacewar iska !! Daraja !! Saƙonnin kiwon lafiya ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari !! Saƙonnin kiwon lafiya ga yawan jama'a |- | style="text-align:center; background:#9cff9c;color:#000"|Ƙananan||style="text-align:center; background:#9cff9c;color:#000"|1-3||'''Ka ji''' daɗin ayyukanka na waje na yau da kullun.||'''Ka ji''' daɗin ayyukanka na waje na yau da kullun. |- | style="text-align:center; background:#ffff00;color:#000"|Matsakaici||style="text-align:center; background:#ffff00;color:#000"|4-6||Manya da yara da ke fama da matsalolin huhu, da manya da ke fama le matsalolin zuciya, waɗanda ke fuskantar alamomi, ya kamata suyi '''la'akari da rage''' yawan motsa jiki, musamman a waje.||'''Ka ji''' daɗin ayyukanka na waje na yau da kullun. |- | style="text-align:center; background:#ff6464;color:#000"|Babba||style="text-align:center; background:#ff6464;color:#000"|7-9||Manya da yara da ke fama da matsalolin huhu, da manya da ke fama le matsalolin zuciya, ya kamata su '''rage''' matsanancin motsa jiki, musamman a waje, kuma musamman idan sun sami alamomi. Mutanen da ke fama da asma na iya samun cewa suna buƙatar amfani da inhaler sau da yawa. Ya kamata tsofaffi su '''rage''' yawan motsa jiki.||Duk wanda ke fama da rashin jin daɗi kamar ciwon idanu, tari ko ciwon makogwaro, ya kamata suyi '''la'akari da rage''' aiki, musamman a waje. |- | style="text-align:center; background:#ce30ff;color:#000"|Ya Yi Girma||style="text-align:center; background:#ce30ff;color:#000"|10||Manya da yara da ke fama da matsalolin huhu, manya da ke fama le matsalolin zuciya, da tsofaffi, ya kamata su '''guji''' motsa jiki mai tsanani. Mutanen da ke fama da asma na iya samun cewa suna buƙatar amfani da inhaler sau da yawa.||'''Rage''' motsa jiki, musamman a waje, musamman idan kuna fuskantar alamun kamar tari ko ciwon makogwaro. |- |} Lissafin ya dogara ne akan yawan gurɓataccen abubuwa guda biyar. An lissafa alamar daga maida hankali ga masu gurɓataccen abubuwa masu zuwa: ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur ioxide, PM2.5 da PM10. An bayyana raguwa tsakanin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ga kowane gurbatacce daban kuma an bayyana ƙididdigarsa gaba ɗaya a matsayin matsakaicin ƙimar ƙididdigal. Ana amfani da matsakaicin lokaci daban-daban don gurɓataccen abu daban-daban.<ref name="defra_AQI"/> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Lissafi !! Ozone, yana gudana 8 awa daya (μg/m³) !! Nitrogen dioxide, ma'auni na sa'a (μg/m³) !! Sulfur dioxide, matsakaicin minti 15 (μg/m³) !! PM_2.5 barbashi, 24 hours matsakaici (μg/m³) !! PM₁₀ barbashi, 24 hours ma'ana (μg/m³) |-style="background-color:#9cff9c;color:#000;" | 1|| 0-33 || 0-67 || 0-88 || 0-11 || 0-16 |-style="background-color:#31ff00;color:#000;" | 2|| 34-66 || 68-134 || 89-177 || 12-23 || 17-33 |-style="background-color:#31cf00;color:#000;" | 3|| 67-100 || 135-200 || 178-266 || 24-35 || 34-50 |-style="background-color:#ffff00;color:#000;" | 4|| 101-120 || 201-267 || 267-354 || 36-41 || 51-58 |-style="background-color:#ffcf00;color:#000;" | 5|| 121-140 || 268-334 || 355-443 || 42-47 || 59-66 |-style="background-color:#ff9a00;color:#000;" | 6|| 141-160 || 335-400 || 444-532 || 48-53 || 67-75 |-style="background-color:#ff6464;color:#000;" | 7|| 161-187 || 401-467 || 533-710 || 54-58 || 76-83 |-style="background-color:#ff0000;color:#fff;" | 8|| 188-213 || 468-534 || 711-887 || 59-64 || 84-91 |-style="background-color:#990000;color:#fff;" | 9|| 214-240 || 535-600 || 888-1064 || 65-70 || 92-100 |-style="background-color:#ce30ff;color:#000;" | 10|| ≥ 241 || ≥ 601 || ≥ 1065 || ≥ 71 || ≥ 101 |- |} === Amurka === {| class="wikitable" !AQI !Kashi !Launi !Tasirin lafiya !Me ya kamata mutane su yi |- | style="text-align:center;" |0-50 | style="text-align:center;" |Daɗi | style="text-align:center; background:#00e400;color:#000" |Green |Ana ɗaukar ingancin iska mai gamsarwa, kuma gurɓacewar iska ba ta da haɗari ko kaɗan. |Rana ce mai girma don yin aiki a waje. |- | style="text-align:center;" |51-100 | style="text-align:center;" |Matsakaici | style="text-align:center; background:#ffff00;color:#000" |Yellow |An yarda da ingancin iska; duk da haka, ga wasu gurɓattatun abubuwa za a iya samun matsakaicin damuwa na kiwon lafiya ga ƙaramin adadan mutanen da ba a saba ganin gurɓacewar iska ba. |Mutanen da ba a saba da su ba: Yi la'akari da rage tsayin daka ko aiki mai nauyi. Kula da alamu kamar tari ko ƙarancin numfashi. Waɗannan alamu ne don ɗaukar sauƙi. Kowa: Yana da kayu a yi aiki a waje. |- | style="text-align:center;" |101-150 | style="text-align:center;" |Rashin lafiya ga Ƙungiyoyin da ba su da hankali | style="text-align:center; background:#ff7e00;color:#000" |Orange |Membobin ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci na iya fuskantar tasirin lafiya. Jama'a ba zai yiwu a shafa ba. |Ƙungiyoyi masu hankali: Rage tsayin daka ko aiki mai nauyi. Yana da kyau a kasance mai ƙwazo a waje, amma ɗaukar ƙarin hutu kuma ƙara ƙarancin ayyuka. Kula da alamu kamar tari ko ƙarancin numfashi.<br>Mutanen da ke fama da asma yakamata su bi tsare-tsaren aikin su na asma kuma su ci gaba da yin amfani da maganin agaji cikin gaggawa.<br>Idan kana da cututtukan zuciya: Alamun kamar bugun zuciya, ƙarancin numfashi, ko gajiya da ba a saba gani ba na iya nuna babbar matsala. Idan kuna da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan, tuntuɓi mai ba da lafiyar ku. |- | style="text-align:center;" |151-200 | style="text-align:center;" |Rashin lafiya | style="text-align:center; background:#ff0000;color:#fff" |Red |Kowa na iya fara samun illar lafiya; membobin ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci na iya fuskantar mummuman tasirin lafiya. |Ƙungioyoyi masu hankali: Guji tsayin daka ko aiki mai nauyi. Matsar da ayyuka cikin gida ko sake tsarwa zuwa lokacin da ingancin iska ya fi kyau. Kowa: Rage tsayin daka ko aiki mai nauyi. Ɗauki ƙarin hutu yayin duk ayyukan waje. |- | style="text-align:center;" |201-300 | style="text-align:center;" |Ba shi da lafiya sosai | style="text-align:center; background:#8f3f97;color:#fff" |Purple |Faɗakarwar lafiya: kowa na iya fuskantar ƙarin illar lafiya. |Ƙungiyoyi masu hankali: Guji duk ayyukan jiki a waje. Matsar da ayyuka cikin gida ko sake tsarwa zuwa lokacin da ingancin iska ya fi kyau. Kowa: Guji tsayin daka ko aiki mai nauyi. Yi la'akari da motsin ayyukan cikin gida ko sake tsarawa zuwa lokacin da ingancin iska ya fi kyau. |- | style="text-align:center;" |301-500 | style="text-align:center;" |Mai haɗari | style="text-align:center; background:#7e0023;color:#fff" |Maroon |Gargadin lafiya game da yanayin gaggawa. Yawan jama'a ya fi shafa. |Kowa: Guji duk ayyukan jiki a waje. Ƙungioyoyi masu hankali: Kasance a cikin gida kuma ku rage matakan ayyukan. Bi shawarwari don kiyaye matakan ayyuka kaɗan a bikin gida. |} [[Fayil:Pm25-24a-super.gif|thumb|PM_2.5 24-Hour AQI Loop, Yarjejeniyar US EPA]] Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta haɓaka Ƙididdigar Ingancin Air wanda ake amfani dashi don bayar da rahoton ingancin iska. Wannan AQI ya kasu kashi shida wanda ke nuna karuwar matakan damuwa na kiwon lafiya.<ref name="aqi_basic"/> AQI ya dogara ne akan "ma'auni" gurɓataccen abubuwa guda biyar da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa: ozone na ƙasa, kwayoyin halitta, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, da nitrogen dioxide. EPA ta kafa ka'idojin ingancin iska na kasa (NAAQS) ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan gurɓata don kare lafiyar jama'a. Darajar AQI ta 100 gabaɗaya ta dace da matakin NAAQS don gurɓataccen.<ref name="aqi_basic2">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2011 |title=Air Quality Index (AQI) - A Guide to Air Quality and Your Health |url=http://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618144741/https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi |archive-date=18 June 2018 |access-date=8 August 2012 |publisher=US EPA}}</ref> [[Dokar Tsabtace Iska (Amurka) (1990)]] tana buƙatar EPA ta sake duba ka'idojin Ingancin Iska na Kasa a kowace shekara biyar don nuna bayanan tasirin kiwon lafiya. Ana daidaita Air Quality Index lokaci-lokaci don nuna waɗannan canje-canje. ==== Yin lissafin AQI ==== Alamar ingancin iska aiki ne na layi na yanki na maida hankali ga gurbatawa. A kan iyaka tsakanin rukunin AQI, akwai tsalle-tsalle na ƙungiyar AQI ɗaya. Don canzawa daga mai da hankali zuwa AQI ana amfani da wannan daidaituwa: <math> I = \frac {I_{high} -I_{low}}{ C_{high} -C_{low} }(C-C_{low}) +I_{low} </math> (Idan an auna gurbataccen abubuwa da yawa, ƙididdigar AQI itace mafi girman darajar da aka lissafa daga ma'aunin dake sama da akayi amfani dashi ga kowane gurbataccen.) : Na {\<math>I</math> = ƙididdigar (Air Quality), : C {\<math>C</math> = yawan gurbatawa, : C l o w {\<math>C</math> = maida hankali wanda shine ≤ C {\displaystyle C} , : C h da g h {\<math>C</math> = maɓallin maida hankali wanda shine ≥ C {\displaystyle C} , : <nowiki>Na l o w {\displaystyle I_{low}} = alamar raguwa daidai da C l o w {\displaystyle C_{low}} ,</nowiki> : <nowiki>Na h da g h {\displaystyle I_{high}} = alamar raguwa daidai da C h da g h {\displaystyle C_{high}} .</nowiki> The EPA's table of breakpoints is:<ref>{{Cite web |title=ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Parts 50, 51, 52, 53 and 58 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0699; FRL-9913-18-OAR] RIN 2060-AP38 – National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone |url=http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/ozonepollution/pdfs/20151001fr.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006064556/http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/ozonepollution/pdfs/20151001fr.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-06 |access-date=2015-10-05 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=pm-naaqs-air-quality-index-fact-sheet |url=https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-02/pm-naaqs-air-quality-index-fact-sheet.pdf |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=epa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2024 |title=Final Reconsideration of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter |url=https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-02/pm-naaqs-air-quality-index-fact-sheet.pdf |access-date=February 12, 2024 |website=epa.gov}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! '''O₃ (ppb)''' 8-hr !! '''O₃ (ppb)''' 1-hr !! '''PM_2.5 (μg/m³)''' 24-hr !! '''PM₁₀ (μg/m³)''' 24-hr !! '''CO (ppm)''' 8-hr !! '''SO₂ (ppb)''' 1-hr; {{font color|blue|24-hr}} !! '''NO₂ (ppb)''' 1-hr !! '''AQI''' !! '''AQI Category''' |- | 0.0-54||-||0.0-9.0||0.0-54||0.0-4.4||0-35||0-53||0-50||style="background:#00e400;"|Daɗi |- | 55-70||-||9.1-35.4||55-154||4.5-9.4||36-75||54-100||51-100||style="background:#ffff00;"|Matsakaici |- | 71-85||125-164||35.5-55.4||155-254||9.5-12.4||76-185||101-360||101-150||style="background:#ff7e00;"|Rashin lafiya ga Ƙungiyoyin da ba su da hankali |- | 86-105||165-204||55.5-125.4||255-354||12.5-15.4||186-304||361-649||151-200||style="background:#ff0000;color:#fff"|Rashin lafiya |- | 106-200||205-404||125.5-225.4||355-424||15.5-30.4||305-604||650-1,249||201-300||style="background:#8f3f97;color:#fff"|Ba shi da lafiya sosai |- | -||405-604||225.5-325.4||425-604||30.5-50.4||605-1,004||1,250-2,049||301-500||style="background:#7e0023;color:#fff"|Mai haɗari |- |} Kayii la'akari da mai saka idanu yana yin rikodin matsakaicin sa'o'i 24 (PM_2.5) na 26.4 micrograms a kowace cubic mita. Daidaitawar dake sama tana haifar da AQI na: : <math> \frac{100 -51}{35.4 -9.1}(26.4-9.1) +51=83.2</math> which rounds to index value of 83, corresponding to air quality in the "Moderate" range.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-06 |title=How does the EPA measure air quality? |url=https://www.purakamasks.com/resources/measuringairquality |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210044504/https://www.purakamasks.com/resources/measuringairquality |archive-date=2019-02-10 |access-date=2019-02-11 |website=www.purakamasks.com |language=en}}</ref> To convert an air pollutant concentration to an AQI, EPA has developed a calculator.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AQI Calculator |url=https://www.airnow.gov/aqi/aqi-calculator |access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref> Idan an auna gurbataccen abu dayawa a wurin saka idanu, to ana bada rahoton mafi girma ko "mafi girma" AQI don wurin. Ana lissafin ozone AQI tsakanin 100 da 300 ta hanyar zabar mafi girma daga cikin AQI da aka lissafa tare da darajar ozone na awa 1 kuma AQI ya lissafa tare le darajar ozoni na awa 8. Matsakaicin ozone na sa'o'i takwas baya bayyana ƙimar AQI sama da 300; ƙimar AQ I na 301 ko mafi girma ana lissafa su tare da maida hankali ga ozone na awa 1. Darajar SO₂ na awa 1 bata bayyana darajar AQI mafi girma fiye da 200. Ana lissafin ƙimar AQI na ₂ ko mafi girma tare da maida hankali na SO2 na awanni 24. Bayanan saka idanu na ainihi daga masu sa ido na cigaba yawanci suna samuwa a matsayin matsakaicin awa 1. Koyaya, lissafin AQI don wasu gurɓataccen abu yana buƙatar matsakaicin sa'o'i da yawa na bayanai. (Misali, lissafin ozone AQI yana buƙatar lissafin matsakaicin sa'o'i 8 da lissafin PM_2.5 ko PM₁₀ AQI yana buƙata matsakaicin awa 24.) Don nuna ingancin iska na yanzu daidai, matsakaicin tsawon sa'o-i da akayi amfani dashi don lissafin AQI ya kamata ya kasance a kan lokacin yanzu, amma kamar yadda ba'a san yawan sa'oƙi na gaba ba kuma yana da wahala a kimanta daidai, EPA yana amfani da maida hankali ga waɗannan matsakaicin matsakaicin lokutan sa'o. Don bayar da rahoton PM_2.5, PM₁₀ da ƙididdigar ingancin iska na ozone, ana kiran wannan maida hankali ga NowCast. Nowcast wani nau'i ne na matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyi wanda ke bada ƙarin nauyi ga bayanan ingancin iska na baya-bayan nan lokacin da matakan gurɓata iska ke canzawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AirNow API Documentation |url=http://www.airnowapi.org/aq101 |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How are your ozone maps calculated? |url=http://airnow.supportportal.com/link/portal/23002/23002/Article/16115/How-are-your-ozone-maps-calculated |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821160233/http://airnow.supportportal.com/link/portal/23002/23002/Article/16115/How-are-your-ozone-maps-calculated |archive-date=21 August 2015 |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> ==== Samun jama'a na AQI ==== [[Fayil:Global_air_pollution_map.png|thumb|Taswirar ingancin iska ta duniya]] Bayanan saka idanu na ainihi da tsinkaye na ingancin iska waɗanda aka tsara su dangane da ƙididdigar ingancin iska suna samuwa daga shafin yanar gizon AirNow na EPA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AirNow |url=http://www.airnow.gov/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124065307/http://www.airnow.gov/ |archive-date=24 November 2005 |access-date=9 August 2012}}.</ref> Sauran kungiyoyi suna bada saka idanu ga membobin kungiyoyi masu hankali kamar su asthmatics, yara da manya sama da shekaru 65.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air Quality Lookup for Children, Seniors and Sensitive Groups |url=https://www.cleanairresources.com/tools/aqi_lookup |access-date=2019-09-19 |website=www.cleanairresources.com |language=en |archive-date=2019-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221162504/https://www.cleanairresources.com/tools/aqi_lookup |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayanan sa ido na iska na tarihi ciki har da sigogi da taswirar AQI suna samuwa a shafin yanar gizon AirData na EPA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2014 |title=AirData |url=http://www.epa.gov/airdata/ |access-date=20 August 2015 |publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> Akwai sabis na biyan kuɗi na imel kyauta ga mazaunan New York - AirNYC . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AirNYC - Air quality in New York. Online. |url=https://aerostate.io/cases/airnyc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522194431/https://aerostate.io/cases/airnyc/ |archive-date=22 May 2017 |access-date=10 August 2017}}</ref> Masu biyan kuɗi suna samun sanarwa game da canje-canje a cikin ƙimar AQI don wurin da aka zaɓa (misali adireshin gida), bisa ga yanayin ingancin iska. Cikakken taswirar dake dauke da matakan AQI na yanzu da hasashen AQI na kwana biyu yana samuwa a shafin yanar gizon Aerostate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aerostate AQI map |url=https://browser.aerostate.io/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215204232/https://browser.aerostate.io/ |archive-date=15 February 2018 |access-date=13 February 2018 |website=aerostate.io}}</ref> ==== Masu Kula da Jirgin Sama da na'urori masu saukin farashi ==== A tarihi, EPA kawai ta bada izinin bayanai daga masu sa ido dake aiki da masu kula da lafiya ko masu kula da lafiyar jama'a don a haɗa su a cikin taswirar ƙasa na ainihi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AirNow Interactive Map |url=https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/?contours=none&panel=0&monitors=pm25 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=gispub.epa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AirNow Interactive Map |url=https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/?contours=none&panel=0&monitors=ozone |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=gispub.epa.gov |archive-date=2023-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804031820/https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow/?contours=none&panel=0&monitors=ozone |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, na'urori masu auna sigina masu arha (LCS) sun zama masu shahara tare da masana kimiyya na ƙasa, kuma manyan cibiyoyin sadarwar LCS sun tashi a Amurka da kuma duk faɗin duniya. Kwanan nan, EPA ta haɓaka algorithm na gyaran bayanai don wani nau'in PM_2.5 LCS (mai saka idanu na Purple Air) wanda ke sa bayanan LCS su zama kwatankwacin bayanan tsari don manufar lissafin AQI.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkjohn |first=Karoline K. |last2=Gantt |first2=Brett |last3=Clements |first3=Andrea L. |date=2021-06-22 |title=Development and application of a United States-wide correction for PM2.5 data collected with the PurpleAir sensor |journal=Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |language=English |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=4617–4637 |doi=10.5194/amt-14-4617-2021 |issn=1867-1381 |pmc=8422884 |pmid=34504625 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barkjohn |first=Karoline K. |last2=Holder |first2=Amara L. |last3=Frederick |first3=Samuel G. |last4=Clements |first4=Andrea L. |date=January 2022 |title=Correction and Accuracy of PurpleAir PM2.5 Measurements for Extreme Wildfire Smoke |journal=Sensors |language=en |volume=22 |issue=24 |pages=9669 |bibcode=2022Senso..22.9669B |doi=10.3390/s22249669 |issn=1424-8220 |pmc=9784900 |pmid=36560038 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan gyaran bayanan LCS a halin yanzu ya bayyana tare da bayanan tsari akan taswirar wuta ta kasa ta EPA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fire and Smoke Map |url=https://fire.airnow.gov/# |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=fire.airnow.gov}}</ref> ==== Tarihin AQI ==== AQI ta fara bugawa a shekarar 1968, lokacin da Hukumar Kula da Pollution ta Kasa ta fara wani shiri don bunkasa ingancin iska da kuma amfani da hanyar zuwa Yankunan Kididdiga na Metropolitan. Motsi shine don jawo hankalin jama'a ga batun gurɓataccen iska da kuma tura jami'an gwamnati na cikin gida dake da alhakin daukar mataki don sarrafa hanyoyin gurɓata da inganta ingancin iska a cikin ikonsu. Jack Fensterstock, shugaban National Inventory of Air Pollution Emissions and Control Branch, an bashi aikin jagorantar ci gaban hanyar da kuma tattara ingancin iska da bayanan fitarwa da ake buƙata don gwadawa da daidaita alamun sakamakon.<ref>J.C Fensterstock et al., " The Development and Utilization of an Air Quality Index," Paper No. 69–73, presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Administration, June 1969.</ref> Farkon maimaitawar ingancin iska yayi amfani da daidaitattun gurɓataccen yanayi don samar da alamun gurɓatawar mutum. Wadannan alamomi an auna su kuma an hada su don samar da jimlar ingancin iska guda ɗaya. Hanyar gabaɗaya na iya amfani da maida hankali waɗanda aka ɗauka daga bayanan sa ido na yanayi ko kuma anyi hasashen ta hanyar samfurin watsawa. Daga nan ne aka mayar da hankali zuwa daidaitattun rarrabawar kididdiga tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin da daidaitattun karkatarwa. Ana ɗaukar alamun gurɓataccen mutum daidai, kodayake ana iya amfani da dabi'u ban da hadin kai. Hakazalika, alamar na iya haɗawa da kowane adadin gurɓataccen ko dayake anyi amfani dashi ne kawai don haɗa SO<nowiki><sub id="mwBO8">x</sub></nowiki>, CO, da TSP <ref name="TSP_Computation">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-29 |title=Appendix B to Part 50—Reference Method for the Determination of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere (High-Volume Method) |url=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-50/appendix-Appendix%20B%20to%20Part%2050#o |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2023-07-01 |publisher=US EPA}}</ref> saboda rashin bayanan da ke akwai don wasu gurɓata. Duk dayake an tsara hanyar don ta kasance mai ƙarfi, aikace-aikacen da ya dace ga duk yankunan birni ya tabbatar da rashin daidaituwa saboda ƙarancin bayanan sa ido na iska, rashin yarjejeniya game da abubuwan nauyi, da rashin daidaito na ƙa'idodin ingancin iska a fadin iyakokin ƙasa da siyasa. Duk da wadannan batutuwan, bugawa na jerin sunayen yankunan birane sun cimma manufofin manufofin jama'a kuma sun haifar da cigaban na ingantaccen alamomi da aikace-aikacen su na yau da kullun. == Dubi kuma == * [[Gurbacewar Iska|Rashin gurɓata iska]] * Hasashen gurɓata iska * [[Ma'aunin gurɓataccen iska]] * Yankin iska mai tsabta * Ingancin iska na cikin gida * Yankin ƙarancin fitarwa * Yankin Ƙananan Rashin Rashin Ruwa == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == Wasu daga cikin shafukan yanar gizo masu zuwa suna nuna taswirar ƙimar iska da aka sabunta; wasu kuma an adana nau'ikan shafukan yanar gizo marasa aiki: * Duniya: ** [http://aqicn.org/map/world/#@g/2.0574/7.9102/2z Rashin gurɓata iska a duniya: Gaskiya na Gaskiya Taswirar Bayani] * Turai: ** [http://www.airqualitynow.eu/index.php CAQI]- AirNow ** [http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-quality-index EAQI] - Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai ** [http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/index.php Tarihin Ingancin Jirgin Sama na Burtaniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107223848/http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/index.php |date=2008-11-07 }} * Arewacin Amurka: ** [https://www.airnow.gov/ AQI a airnow.gov] - shafin yanar gizon Gwamnatin Amurka ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070623011137/http://air.state.nm.us/ New Mexico Air Quality da bayanan API] - Misali na yadda Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta New Mexico ke buga Air Quality da API. ** ** EPA Air Quality Index - Jagora ga Ingancin Air da Lafiyarka ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20060706053637/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/aq_smog/index_e.cfm AQI a Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Kanada] ** San Francisco Bay Area Spare-the-Air - AQI bayani * Asiya: ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070719042151/http://eng.airkorea.or.kr/cai/main.jsp CAI a Airkorea.or.kr] - shafin yanar gizon Koriya ta Kudu Environmental Management Corp. ** [https://apims.doe.gov.my/home.html Ƙididdigar Ƙarshen iska ta Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710000235/https://apims.doe.gov.my/home.html |date=2024-07-10 }} ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070410055414/http://www.epd-asg.gov.hk/ API a Hong Kong] - Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Gwamnatin Yankin Gudanarwa na Musamman na Hong Kong ('' (ba ya aiki har zuwa 19 )'' ba) ** [http://aqmthai.com/index.php?lang=en AQI a Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606174552/http://aqmthai.com/index.php?lang=en |date=2017-06-06 }} An adana shi 2017-06-06 a ** [http://enviinfo.cem.gov.vn/ AQI a Vietnam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614022242/http://enviinfo.cem.gov.vn/ |date=2022-06-14 }} *** [https://moitruongthudo.vn/ AQI a Hanoi] *** [http://www.aqivn.org/en/ Ba a san shi ba PM25 AQI a Hanoi, Vietnam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617074153/http://www.aqivn.org/en/ |date=2017-06-17 }} An adana shi 2017-06-17 a {{Pollution}}{{Natural resources}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qwpvwv4ewxa9bz5xjris0c6tyltpgzg 2 81742 890552 850163 2026-08-02T11:23:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* 🏆 Roles & Recognition */ 890552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="position:absolute; top:-9999px;">User:</span><span style="font-family:bold; color:#00AD83;">Umar Abusufyan</span>}} <div style="padding:6px; background:#282829; border:3px inset #FFD700; border-radius:12px;"> <!-- HEADER --> <div style="background:#00AD83; box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.5em #000;"> <div style="font-size:1.7em; font-weight:bold; padding:0.3em; color:#FFF; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#005ab2,#1f7b52);"> <span style="padding:0.3em;">👤 Umar Abusufyan</span> <span style="float:right; padding:0.3em;">Wikimedian</span> </div> </div> <!-- 👤 PROFILE IMAGE --> <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:15px;"> [[File:Pharouq Captain.jpg|center|frameless|350px]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding:12px; background:#F2EFE6; border-radius:10px; display:inline-block; max-width:520px;"> <div style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; color:#00AD83;"> Umar Abusufyan (Pharouqenr) </div> <div style="font-size:95%; color:#555;"> Electrical Engineer • Wikimedia Administrator • Community Facilitator </div> <div style="font-size:90%; color:#777; margin-top:6px; text-align:justify;"> This is the official user profile of Umar Abusufyan, a Wikimedia contributor and administrator on Hausa Wikipedia. He is actively involved in community development, training, and African knowledge projects within the Wikimedia movement. </div> </div> </div> <!-- WELCOME --> <div style="text-align:center; padding:15px; background:#F2EFE6; margin-top:10px;"> <div style="font-size:230%; font-weight:bold;">Umar Abusufyan</div> <div style="font-size:115%; color:#555;"> Electrical Engineer • Wikimedia Administrator • Community Facilitator </div> <hr style="height:2px; background:#00AD83;"> '''''Welcome to my page!''''' <br><br> If you have any question feel free to reach out 👉 [[User_talk:Pharouqenr|'''Talk page''']] </div> <hr style="height:2px; background:#00AD83;"> == 👤 About Me == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px;"> <p align="justify"> I am a passionate <b>Electrical Engineer</b> and Wikimedia contributor dedicated to promoting free knowledge. I obtained my HND in Electrical Engineering from Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic in 2024. </p> <p align="justify"> I actively contribute to Wikimedia projects by creating and improving articles, mentoring editors, and supporting community growth—especially in African content and Hausa Wikipedia development. </p> </div> ---- == 🌍 Wikimedia Contributions == <div style="padding:10px; background:#F9F9F9; border-radius:10px;"> {{Userbox | border-c = #00AD83 | info-c = #ffffff | user-c = #ffffff | id = [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|35px]] | info = Over '''60,000''' edits on Wikimedia projects }} * Administrator on Hausa Wikipedia * Content creator and article improver * Mentor for new editors * Participant – WikiConference Nigeria 2025 (Abuja) </div> ---- == 🏆 Roles & Recognition == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px;"> * Jury – '''Hausa Day Contest 2025''' * Jury – '''Wikipedia @25Contest''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Africa 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Jury – '''Wiki Loves Earth 2025 (Nigeria)''' * Facilitator -- Infectious disease and public health on Hausa Wikipedia Campaign * Facilitator – Hausa Wikimedians User Group Workshop (HUK Polytechnic) * Facilitator -- Hausa Wikimedians User Group Partnership (National Library) * Organizer – ''Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia Should Have'' </div> ---- == 🚀 Projects & Leadership == <div style="padding:10px; background:#F9F9F9; border-radius:10px;"> * Organized edit-a-thons and training sessions * Led community engagement activities * Promoted Hausa Wikipedia growth * Facilitated workshops on editing and policies </div> ---- == 🏅 Awards and Achievements == <div style="padding:10px; background:#ffffff; border-radius:10px; column-count:2;"> * 🏆 Editor of the Month (April–June 2024) * 🥇 Notable Women Writing Contest – 1st * 🥇 Pan-African Leaders Contest – 1st * 🥇 African Wiki Challenge Hausa 2025 – 1st * 🥈 1Lib1Ref 2025 – 2nd * 🥇 Wiki For Human Rights 2025 – 1st * 🥉 African Wiki Challenge (International) – 3rd * 🏆 WPWP Hausa – Runner-up </div> ---- == 📫 Contact == <div style="text-align:center; padding:15px; background:#F2EFE6; border-radius:10px;"> 📘 [https://www.facebook.com/umar.abusufyan.54 Umar Abusufyan Engr] 📧 <b>uabusfyanu84@gmail.com</b> </div> ---- {{userbox | border-c = #00AD83 | id = [[File:Hausa Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|35px]] | info = Member of Hausa Wikimedians User Group }} </div> nbecuaodgwn4gdfz428hzaj0jnf9hhl 0 81952 890364 872753 2026-08-02T00:29:40Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 890364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Mwamongu_water_source.jpg|thumb|Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta ƙauyen Mwamanogu, [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]. A cikin Gundumar Meatu, Yankin Shinyanga, ruwa galibi yana fitowa ne daga ramuka da aka haƙa a cikin yashi na busassun koguna, kuma koyaushe yana gurɓata.]] Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da karancin ruwa a Afirka shi ne karancin ruwa na zahiri da na tattalin arziki, saurin karuwar yawan jama'a, da Tasirin canjin yanayi akan sake zagayowar ruwa. Rashin ruwa shi ne rashin albarkatun Ruwa mai kyau don biyan [[Jari-hujja|Bukatar ruwa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Scarcity {{!}} Threats {{!}} WWF |url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/water-scarcity |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=World Wildlife Fund |language=en}}</ref> Ruwan sama a [[Yankin Saharar Afirka]] yana da yanayi sosai kuma ba a rarraba shi daidai ba, yana haifar da [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] da fari akai-akai.<ref name="WFL">{{Cite web |title=International Decade for Action: Water for Life 2005-2015 |url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/africa.shtml |access-date=1 April 2013}}</ref> [[Fayil:Oxfam_East_Africa_-_The_Congo_River_is_a_lifeline,_but_also_a_huge_threat.jpg|alt=Water challenges in Africa|thumb|Ƙalubalen ruwa a Afirka]] A shekara alif 2012, Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa ƙarancin ruwa yana zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kalubale ga ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Wannan matsalar ta samo asali ne saboda yawancin koguna sun kai matakin ƙarancin ruwa sakamakon buƙatun noma da sauran fannoni daban-daban. A Afirka, ƙarancin ruwa yana da tasiri da yawa yana shafar lafiya, musamman mata da yara, ilimi, yawan amfanin gona, da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Haka kuma, yana iya haifar da ƙarin rikice-rikice kan albarkatun [[ruwa]].<ref><nowiki>https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/water-scarcity-in-africa-explainer-what-to-know/#:~:text=What%20Is%20Water%20Scarcity%20and,access%20liveable%20amounts%20of%20water</nowiki>.</ref> Don magance matsalar ƙarancin ruwa a Afirka yadda ya kamata, Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka ta jaddada muhimmancin zuba jari wajen bunƙasa albarkatun ruwa da nahiyar ke da su. Wannan zai taimaka wajen inganta wadatar abinci da ruwa, da kuma kare ci gaban tattalin arziki ta hanyar kula da fari, ambaliyar ruwa, da yadda hamada ke yaɗuwa.<ref><nowiki>https://sapa-usa.org/water-scarcity-in-africa/#:~:text=Water%20scarcity%20in%20Africa%20is,development%2C%20fueling%20conflicts%20and%20poverty</nowiki>.</ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/world-water-day-2023-accelerating-change-solving-africas-water-and-sanitation-crises-59935#:~:text=22%2DMar%2D2023,associations%2C%20and%20global%20development%20partners</nowiki>.</ref> == Ma’auni == [[File:Local Girls in Babile Ethiopia 2012.jpg|thumb|’Yan mata daga Babile (Habasha) suna cika kwantena na filastik da ruwa daga babban tushen ruwan yankin.]] Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara tana da mafi yawan ƙasashen da ke fama da ƙarancin ruwa fiye da kowanne yanki a duniya. Daga cikin kimanin mutane miliyan 800 da ke zaune a Afirka, miliyan da suna rayuwa a wuraren da ake fama da ƙarancin ruwa.<ref name="IaC">{{cite web|title=Archive: Conference on Water Scarcity in Africa: Issues and Challenges|url=http://www.gisclimat.fr/manifestation-scientifique/conf%C3%A9rence-%E2%80%9Cwater-scarcity-africa-issues-and-challenges%E2%80%9D|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401234042/http://www.gisclimat.fr/manifestation-scientifique/conf%C3%A9rence-%E2%80%9Cwater-scarcity-africa-issues-and-challenges%E2%80%9D|archive-date=1 April 2016|access-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> A shekara alif 2012, an kiyasta cewa zuwa 2030, mutane miliyan 75 zuwa miliyan 250 a Afirka za su rayu a wuraren da ake fama da matsanancin ƙarancin ruwa.<ref name="IaC"/> Wannan na iya tilasta mutane miliyan 24 zuwa miliyan 700 su bar wuraren su saboda yanayi ya zama ba zai yiwu a rayu ba.<ref name="IaC"/> Afirka ita ce nahiyar ta biyu mafi bushewa a duniya, inda miliyoyin Afirka ke fama da ƙarancin ruwa a duk shekara.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |title=Water in Africa |url=https://studyres.com/doc/1079263/water-in-africa |access-date=2020-11-28 |website=studyres.com}}</ref> Wannan matsalar ta samo asali ne daga rashin daidaiton rabon ruwa, yawan jama’a da kuma rashin kyakkyawan sarrafa albarkatun da ake da su. Wani lokaci akwai ƙarancin mutane a wuraren da ake da ruwa mai yawa. Misali, kashi 30% na ruwan nahiyar yana cikin Congo Basin wanda mutane kashi 10% ne kawai ke zaune a wurin.<ref name=":72"/><ref name=":82">{{Cite book |last1=Gachanja |first1=Anthony |url=https://www.rsc.org/search-results/?q=Africa%27s%20Water%20Quality%3A%20A%20chemical%20Science%20Perspective |title=Africa's Water Quality: A Chemical Science Perspective |last2=Mastrangelo |first2=Pedro |last3=Mcguigan |first3=Kevin |last4=Naicker |first4=Presthantie |last5=Zewge |first5=Feleke |publisher=Pan Africa Chemistry Network, Royal Society of Chemistry |year=2010 |location=London |pages=8 |name-list-style=and}}</ref> Akwai bambance-bambancen yanayin ruwan sama a wurare da lokuta daban-daban. Haka kuma akwai yawan shanye ruwan sama a wasu wurare wanda ke rage yawan ruwan da ake samu.<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-28 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":82"/> Sai dai akwai bambance-bambancen shekara da shekara na yanayi da albarkatun ruwa, don haka wasu yankuna suna da isasshen ruwa,<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |title=The United Nations World Water Development Report 2016: Water and Jobs |publisher=UNESCO |year=2016 |isbn=978-92-3-100146-8 |location=Paris}} [[File:CC_BY-SA_icon.svg|50x50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license.</ref> amma Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara tana fuskantar ƙalubale da dama da suka shafi ruwa wanda ke hana ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma barazana ga rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":04"/> Noman Afirka yawanci yana dogara da ruwan sama, kuma ƙasa da kashi 10% na ƙasar da ake noma a nahiyar ana ban ruwa.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Cooperation in International Waters in Africa (CIWA) |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/cooperation-in-international-waters-in-africa |access-date=2016-11-13 |website=worldbank.org}}</ref><ref name=":04"/> Tasirin sauyin yanayi da bambance-bambancen yanayi ya fi bayyana sosai.<ref name=":04"/> === Bambancin yankuna === Arewacin Afirka da Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara suna ci gaba da cimma burin Millennium Development Goal kan ruwa a matakai daban-daban.<ref name="WFL"/> Arewacin Afirka tana da kashi 92% na ruwan lafiya, yayin da Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara ke da kashi 60% kawai—wanda ya bar kashi 40% na mutane miliyan 783 a yankin ba tare da samun ruwan sha mai tsabta ba.<ref name="WFL"/> Wasu daga cikin bambance-bambancen samun ruwan tsabta sun samo asali ne daga yanayin matsanancin yanayi na Afirka. Duk da cewa Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara tana da isasshen ruwan sama, yana zuwa ne a yanayi na lokaci-lokaci kuma ba daidai ba, wanda ke haifar da ambaliya da fari.<ref name="WFL"/> Haka kuma matsalolin tattalin arziki da talauci, tare da yawan jama’a da hijirar karkara zuwa birane sun sa yankin ya zama mafi talauci da rashin ci gaba a duniya.<ref name="WFL"/> Wannan talauci yana hana bira ne da dama samar da ruwan tsabta da tsaftar muhalli, kuma yana hana inganta ingancin ruwa duk da damar da ake da ita.<ref name="WFL"/> Haka kuma yawan jama’a yana sa ƙauyuka da birane su ƙaru a wuraren da ke da haɗarin ambaliya.<ref name="WFL"/> Rahoton SDG goal 6 na baya-bayan nan ya nuna gaskiya ga me da yanayin ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara, ciki har da rashin tsafta da tasirin sa ga lafiyar abinci musamman ga yara saboda yawan cututtuka. Har ila yau, kusan kashi 1/3 na jama’ar yankin suna cikin haɗarin yunwa saboda rashin samun abinci. Bugu da ƙari, Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara tana da kashi 76% ba su da ruwan sha mai tsabta yayin da Turai da Arewacin Amurka ke da kashi 6% kawai da ba su da ruwan tsabta.<ref name="SDG"/> == Dalilai == === Karancin ruwa na zahiri da tattalin arziki === Karancin ruwa yana da asali daga dabi’a da kuma aikin ɗan adam, kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu: karancin tattalin arziki da karancin zahiri.<ref>{{cite web |title=International Decade for Action: Water for Life 2005-2015 |url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml |access-date=18 March 2012}}</ref> Karancin tattalin arziki yana nufin cewa samun ingantaccen ruwan sha yana da tsada kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci; karancin zahiri kuma yana nufin rashin wadataccen ruwa a wani yanki dangane da bukatun jama’a.<ref name="WS"/> A shekara alif 2006, Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 300 daga cikin miliyan 800 da ke zaune a Afirka suna rayuwa a wuraren da ake fama da ƙarancin ruwa.<ref name="uneca"/> Musamman a arewa da kudu na Afirka, hauhawar yanayin zafi da sauyin yanayi sun ƙara tsananta yanayin hydrological cycle wanda ke haifar da bushewar lokutan fari, yana ƙara haɗarin fari mai tsanani da yawan faruwa. Wannan yana shafar samuwa, inganci da yawan ruwa saboda raguwar kwararan koguna da tafkunan ruwa, saukar matakin ruwan ƙasa da bushewar aquifers.<ref name="HDR"/> Karancin zahiri ya haɗa da matsalar overexploitation, wanda ke rage girman manyan tafkunan Afirka, ciki har da Nakivale, Nakuru da Lake Chad wanda ya ragu zuwa kashi 10% na girman sa na da.<ref name="HDR"/> Manufofin da ke ƙarfafa amfani da ruwa fiye da kima suna daga cikin mafi haɗari, musamman wajen hako ruwan ƙasa. Sau da yawa ana tallafawa farashin wutar lantarki don aikin gona, wanda ke rage ƙarfafa adana albarkatun.<ref name="HDR"/> Haka kuma, ƙasashe da dama a Afirka suna sa farashin ruwa ƙasa da farashin da ake buƙata don kula da shi, wanda ke rage ingantaccen amfani da barazana ga dorewar albarkatun.<ref name="HDR"/> === Yawan jama’a === A cikin ƙarni ɗaya da ya gabata, yawan jama’ar duniya ya ninka sau biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015. Focus Areas: Water scarcity |url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=un.org |language=en}}</ref> Afirka ce ke da mafi saurin ƙaruwa na yawan jama’a a duniya. Ana sa ran zai ƙaru da kusan kashi 50% cikin shekaru 18 masu zuwa, daga mutane biliyan 1.2 zuwa fiye da biliyan 1.8 a shekara alif 2035.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ISSAfrica.org|date=2017-05-15|title=Africa's population boom: burden or opportunity?|url=https://issafrica.org/amp/iss-today/africas-population-boom-burden-or-opportunity|access-date=2020-11-29|website=ISS Africa|language=en}}</ref> Yawan jama’a yana ƙara buƙatar ruwa, yayin da albarkatun ruwa a yankin ke raguwa. Wannan yana ƙara matsin lamba kan lafiyar jama’a, abinci da ci gaban masana’antu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Falkenmark|first=Malin|date=1990|title=Rapid Population Growth and Water Scarcity: The Predicament of Tomorrow's Africa|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2808065|journal=Population and Development Review|volume=16|pages=81–94|doi=10.2307/2808065|jstor=2808065|issn=0098-7921|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Yawan jama’a yana ƙara tsananta matsalar ƙarancin ruwa yayin da ake ƙara matsin lamba kan samuwa da samun damar ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Scarcity {{!}} Threats {{!}} WWF |url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/water-scarcity |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=World Wildlife Fund |language=en}}</ref> Birane kamar Lagos, [[Kinshasa]] da Nairobi sun ninka yawan jama’a cikin shekaru 15.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Chitonge|first=Horman|date=2020-04-02|title=Urbanisation and the water challenge in Africa: Mapping out orders of water scarcity|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2020.1793662|journal=African Studies|volume=79|issue=2|pages=192–211|doi=10.1080/00020184.2020.1793662|s2cid=221361042|issn=0002-0184|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Duk da haka, ruwan sha bai ƙaru ba, a wasu lokuta ma ya ragu. Hakan yana haifar da rashin daidaito tsakanin buƙata da samuwa.<ref name=":0"/> Ƙaruwa na bira ne yana ƙara gurɓatar ruwa saboda yawan shara da najasa da ake zubarwa cikin ruwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Yuan-Xu|date=2020-08-27|title=Runoff pollution control of a sewage discharge project based on green concept – a sewage runoff pollution control system|journal=Water Supply|volume=20 | issue=8| doi=10.2166/ws.2020.183|pages=3676–3686|bibcode=2020WatSu..20.3676W |issn=1606-9749|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sama da kashi 90% na najasa a ƙasashe masu tasowa ana zubar da su cikin ruwa ba tare da an tace ba.<ref name=":1"/> === Sauyin yanayi === Kamar yadda Africa Partnership Forum ta bayyana, "Ko da yake Afirka ba ta da alhakin sauyin yanayi, tana da rauni sosai ga tasirin sa," wanda ya haɗa da sauyin yanayin ruwan sama, ƙarancin abinci, ƙarancin ruwa, raguwar kifaye, hauhawar matakin teku da ƙara matsalar ruwa.<ref name="cca">{{cite web|title=Climate Change and Africa|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/7/38897900.pdf|access-date=11 April 2012}}</ref> Wannan yana shafar yawan da ingancin ruwan da yara ke buƙata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water and the global climate crisis: 10 things you should know |url=https://www.unicef.org/stories/water-and-climate-change-10-things-you-should-know |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Ana hasashen cewa zuwa shekara alif 2050, ruwan sama a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara zai ragu da kashi 10%, wanda zai haifar da matsanancin ƙarancin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stocker|first=Thomas|title=Climate change 2013: the physical science basis : Working Group I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-05799-9|language=en|oclc=879855060}}</ref> Rahoton Human Development Report ya yi hasashen cewa hauhawar yanayi tare da raguwar ruwan sama zai ƙara tsananta matsalar fari da ambaliya.<ref name="HDR"/> Sauyin yanayi ya haifar da tsawon lokutan fari da ambaliya a Afirka.<ref name="cca"/> WHO ta bayyana sauyin yanayi a matsayin babbar barazana ga lafiyar duniya a ƙarni na 21.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Kumaresan|first1=Jacob|last2=Sathiakumar|first2=Nalini|date=2010-03-01|title=Climate change and its potential impact on health: a call for integrated action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=88|issue=3|pages=163|doi=10.2471/blt.10.076034|issn=0042-9686|pmc=2828801|pmid=20428377}}</ref> Saboda dogaro da noma ruwan sama da talauci, sauyin yanayi yana shafar Afirka fiye da ƙ == Tasiri == === Lafiya === Mutanen da ke rayuwa a wuraren da ake fama da ƙarancin ruwa suna dogara da ruwan da ba ya da tsabta, wanda ke haifar da yaduwar cututtukan da ruwa ke ɗauka kamar typhoid, cholera, dysentery da gudawa.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web|title=10 Facts About Water Scarcity|url=https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/water/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116002842/http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/water/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 16, 2008|access-date=11 April 2012}}</ref> Karancin ruwa yana sa mutane da dama su adana ruwa a cikin gida, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin gurɓatar ruwa da kuma yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro da dengue.<ref name=WHO/> A ƙasashe masu ci gaba, ana tace da tsabtace ruwa, amma a ƙasashe masu tasowa, ruwan da ba a tace ba yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwari.<ref name=WS>{{cite web|title=Water Scarcity: The Importance of Water & Access|url=https://thewaterproject.org/water_scarcity.asp|access-date=18 March 2012}}</ref> Duk da cewa yawancin waɗannan cututtuka ana iya magance su, suna daga cikin manyan dalilan mutuwa a duniya. Fiye da mutane miliyan 2.2 suna mutuwa duk shekara daga cututtukan da suka shafi gudawa.<ref name="bpn">{{cite web |year=2010 |title=The Facts About The Global Drinking Water Crisis |url=http://blueplanetnetwork.org/water/facts |access-date=18 March 2012 |archive-date=5 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905053406/http://blueplanetnetwork.org/water/facts |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yara ƙanana suna da rauni sosai ga waɗannan cututtuka.<ref name=WS/> Mutanen da suka kamu da cututtukan ruwa ba sa iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata, kuma kuɗin magani yana rage albarkatun da za'a iya amfani da su wajen abinci ko ilimi.<ref name=WS/> Wasu manoma suna amfani da ruwan da ya gurɓata wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka kamar ƙwari na ciki, hepatitis A da E, da dysentery.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Qadir | first1=M. | last2=Wichelns | first2=D. | last3=Raschid-Sally | first3=L. | last4=McCornick | first4=P.G. | last5=Drechsel | first5=P. | last6=Bahri | first6=A. | last7=Minhas | first7=P.S. | title=The challenges of wastewater irrigation in developing countries | journal=Agricultural Water Management | date=2010 | volume=97 | issue=4 | pages=561–568 | doi=10.1016/j.agwat.2008.11.004 }}</ref> === Mata da ’yan mata === {{Main|WASH#Gender}} Mata a Afirka suna ɗaukar nauyin tara da kula da ruwa fiye da maza.<ref name="GRAW">{{cite web |last1=Crow |first1=Ben |last2=Roy |first2=Jessica |date=2004-03-26 |title=Gender Relations and Access to Water |url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m5033gv#page-1 |publisher=UC Santa Cruz |access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref> A yawancin al’ummomi, mata ne ke tara ruwa don girki, wanke-wanke da kula da yara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Impacts of Water Scarcity on Women's Life|url=http://www.worldpulse.com/node/20165|access-date=1 April 2012|archive-date=12 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312213301/http://worldpulse.com/node/20165|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saboda haka, mata da dama suna kashe fiye da rabin yini suna tara ruwa, wanda ke rage lokacin da za su iya zuwa makaranta.<ref name="wac">{{cite web |title=Women Affected by the Crisis |url=http://water.org/learn-about-the-water-crisis/women |access-date=18 March 2012 |archive-date=5 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205050519/http://water.org/learn-about-the-water-crisis/women |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rashin kayan tsafta ga ’yan mata masu al’ada yana sa da dama su daina zuwa makaranta.<ref name=":3">{{cite web | url=https://thewaterproject.org/why-water/education | title=The Water Crisis: Education in Africa }}</ref> Mata suna ɗaukar jerrycan mai nauyin fiye da kilo 18 kowace rana tsawon kilomita 6.<ref name="WS"/><ref name="bpn"/> Wannan yana haifar da matsalolin lafiya kamar lalacewar ƙashi da gajiya.<ref name="WWD">{{cite web|title=Coping With Water Scarcity: Challenge of the 21st Century|url=https://www.fao.org/nr/water/docs/escarcity.pdf|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref> === Noma === [[File:Crop limit, Nile Valley-2.jpg|thumb|Matakin cika madatsar ruwan Habasha na Renaissance Dam na iya rage kwarara na Nilu da kashi 25%]] Yawancin Afirka na dogaro da noma, inda kashi 80 zuwa 90% na iyalai a karkara ke dogaro da abincin da suka noma.<ref name=WWD/> Karancin ruwa yana haifar da rashin wadataccen abinci. Fiye da kashi 70% na noman Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara yana dogaro da ruwan sama. Sauyin yanayi yana ƙara haifar da fari da ambaliya. Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta bayyana cewa ban ruwa shi ne mabuɗin ƙara samar da abinci.<ref name="WWD"/> Amma noman ban ruwa a Afirka bai kai tsammanin amfanin gona ba.<ref name="green">Kauffman, J., Mantel, S., Ringersma, J., Dijkshoorn, J., Van Lynden, G., Dent, D. Making Better Use of Green Water in Sub-Saharan Africa.</ref> Bankin Duniya ya kiyasta cewa samar da abinci a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara zai iya ninka sau uku zuwa 2050.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bjornlund |first1=Vibeke |last2=Bjornlund |first2=Henning |last3=Van Rooyen |first3=Andre F. |date=2020-10-01 |title=Why agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa remains low compared to the rest of the world |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=36 |issue=sup1 |pages=S20–S53 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2020.1739512}}</ref> SDG 2 yana nufin kawo ƙarshen yunwa da inganta noma mai dorewa.<ref name="SDG">United Nations. Goal 6: Ensure Access to Water and Sanitation for All. Sustainable Development Goals.</ref> Amma yawancin yankuna ba su da isassun albarkatu don tallafawa ban ruwa. Rashin ruwa yana sa mutane su yi amfani da ruwan da ya gurɓata wajen noma, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka.<ref name=WHO/> An ba da shawarar hanyoyin tace ruwan da ya gurɓata kamar greywater wetlands da modified sand filters.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.015| title=Greywater reuse: A strategy for water demand management in Harare?| journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth | volume=32| issue=15–18| pages=1231–1236| year=2007}}</ref> Don haka, don tabbatar da tsaron abinci, dole ne a fadada ban ruwa da kuma sarrafa tasirin sauyin yanayi.<ref name=uneca/><ref name=SDG/> == Samar da aiki da ci gaba == Talauci yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da samun ruwan sha mai tsabta—ba tare da shi ba, damar fita daga tarkon talauci suna da matuƙar ƙanƙanta. Wannan ra’ayin "tarkon talauci na ruwa" an haɓaka shi ne ta masana tattalin arziki da suka yi nazari musamman a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara, kuma yana nufin zagayen talauci na kuɗi, ƙarancin samar da amfanin gona, da ƙara lalacewar muhalli.<ref name=GRAW/> A cikin wannan mummunan zagaye, ana haɗa rashin albarkatun ruwa da rashin albarkatun kuɗi wanda ke shafar dukkan matakan al’ummah ciki har da mutum, iyali, da al’ummah.<ref name=GRAW/> A cikin wannan tarkon talauci, mutane suna fuskantar ƙarancin kuɗi, tsadar wuraren samar da ruwa, da rashin samun rance don saka hannun jari a harkar ruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin saka hannun jari a albarkatun ruwa da ƙasa, rashin saka hannun jari a ayyukan da ke samar da riba, lalacewar albarkatu da kuma talauci mai tsawo.<ref name=GRAW/> Haka kuma, a cikin unguwanni marasa ci gaba, talakawa yawanci suna biyan sau biyar zuwa sau goma fiye da masu samun ruwan bututu a kowace raka’a ta ruwa saboda matsaloli—ciki har da rashin kayan aiki da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati—wanda ake kiyasta yana ƙara farashin sabis na ruwa da kashi 10% zuwa 30%.<ref name=WWD/><ref name=21st>{{cite web|title=Africa Rising 21st Century|access-date=18 March 2013|date=2010-02-26}}</ref> Illolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na rashin ruwan sha mai tsabta suna shiga cikin fannoni na ilimi, damar samun aikin yi mai fa’ida, ƙarfi da lafiya, ci gaban noma da masana’antu, kuma saboda haka suna rage ƙarfin samarwa na al’ummah, ƙasa, ko yanki.<ref name=WS/> Saboda haka, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara kaɗai tana rasa awanni biliyan 40 na yiwuwar aiki a kowace shekara wajen tara ruwa.<ref name=WS/> == Rikici == Baya ga rawar da Ƙasar Amurka, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da sauran hukumomin gwamnati na ƙasa da ƙasa ke takawa, akwai kungiyoyin agaji da dama da ke aiki don samar da ruwan sha mai tsabta a Afirka da sauran sassan duniya. Wadannan kungiyoyi suna dogara ne da gudummawar mutane da kungiyoyi, wanda ake saka su a hanyoyi da fasahohi daban-daban don samar da ruwan sha mai tsabta.<ref>{{cite web|title=Water Charities:A Comprehensive List|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Misali, Water to Thrive wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda ke aiki don kawo ruwan sha mai tsabta zuwa Gabashin Afirka. An kafa ta a shekarar 2008, Water to Thrive ta gina fiye da rijiyoyi 2,000 a ƙasashen Habasha, Tanzaniya da [[Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Nonprofit |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Water To Thrive |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara alif 2015, an samar da ruwan sha mai tsabta da wuraren tsafta ga kashi 90% na mazauna duniya saboda ƙoƙarin da aka yi wajen cimma manufofin MDGs. A ci gaba da wannan nasara, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya<ref name="SDG"/> ta haɗa "Ruwan Sha da Tsabtace Muhalli" a matsayin manufa ta shida don "Tabbatar da samun ruwa da tsafta ga kowa da kowa". Wannan manufa tana dogara ne da wadatar ruwan sha a duniya don cimma damar samun ruwa da tsafta ga kowa, amma rashin tsari da ƙarancin saka hannun jari shi ne abin da duniya ke buƙatar mai da hankali a kai. Babban burin SDG na shida shi ne cewa nan da shekarar 2030, duniya za ta tabbatar da samun ruwa ga kowa, samar da albarkatun tsafta musamman ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ƙara maganin sharar ruwa da rage gurbatar ruwa. Haka kuma, kafa sabbin haɗin gwiwa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa da na cikin gida don inganta tsarin kula da ruwa.<ref name="SDG"/> == Iyakoki == Afirka ce ke da mafi yawan ƙasashen da ke fama da ƙarancin ruwa fiye da kowace yanki, kuma tana da ƙasashen da suka fi wahalar samun taimakon ruwa. Yawaitar ƙauyuka na sa yankuna da dama su makale a abin da UN Economic Commission for Africa ta kira "Matakin Girbi",<ref name="uneca"/> wanda ke sa yankunan da ke fama da ƙarancin ruwa su zama masu wahalar samun taimako saboda rashin fasahar masana’antu da za ta sa mafita ta dore. Baya ga ƙalubalen yanayi da ci gaba, akwai dalilai na siyasa da tattalin arziki da ke hana samun isasshen taimako ga Afirka. A siyasa, rikici tsakanin gwamnatocin cikin gida da kungiyoyin agaji na ƙasashen waje yana shafar ikon kawo kuɗi da ma’aikatan agaji. A tattalin arziki, birane suna fama da babbar gibin arziki inda talakawa ke biyan sau huɗu zuwa sau goma fiye da masu arziki don samun ruwan tsafta, wanda ke hana talakawa samun damar amfani da fasahohin ruwan sha.<ref name="uneca"/> Sakamakon waɗannan dalilai, ana kiyasta cewa kashi 50% na dukkan ayyukan ruwa suna faduwa, ƙasa da kashi 5% ake ziyarta, kuma ƙasa da kashi 1% ke da wani tsari na dogon lokaci na sa ido.<ref name="wac"/> == Tara ruwan sama == Tara ruwan sama (RWH) shi ne tsarin tattarawa da adana ruwan sama maimakon barinsa ya zube. Ruwan sama yana sauka a saman kamar rufi sannan a karkatar da shi don ya cika rijiyar ƙasa ta hanyar shiga cikin tanki, rijiya, rami mai zurfi, ko tafki ta hanyar shigar ruwa. Ana adana shi kuma daga baya a yi amfani da shi don dalilai masu amfani.<ref>{{Cite book |title=managing urban stormwater; harvest and reuse}}</ref> A matsayin wani bangare na Manufofin Ci gaban Mileniyom, an sa burin rage yawan mutanen da ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai tsabta zuwa rabin adadin nan da shekarar 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=united nations millennium declaration}}</ref> Wannan ya kai ga karɓa da amfani da tara ruwan sama don ƙara samar da ruwan sha. RWH wani zaɓi ne da aka saba amfani da shi a yankunan da tsarin samar da ruwa na gargajiya ya kasa biyan bukatun jama’a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mapping the Potential of Rainwater Harvesting Technologies in Africa}}</ref> == Misalai == === Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu === Wata birni da ke fuskantar matsalar ruwa ita ce Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu. Gwamnati da masana a yankin suna shirin "day zero", ma’ana yankin kusan ya ƙare da ruwa.{{Cn|date=September 2024}} Gwamnati ta yi fatan cewa ƙoƙarin kiyaye ruwa da yanayin muhalli zai ƙara yawan ruwa a tafkuna, amma hakan bai faru ba wanda ya ƙara yiwuwar birnin ya ƙare da ruwan sha. Masana a Jami’ar Cape Town suna cikin damuwa saboda ba tare da tushen ruwa ba ba za su iya gudanar da binciken likitanci ko nazarin asibiti ba.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=As Cape Town water crisis deepens, scientists prepare for 'Day Zero'|journal=Nature|year=2018}}</ref> An guje wa Day Zero kuma an sassauta ƙuntatawa ga mazauna, amma ƙoƙarin kiyaye ruwa har yanzu yana nan saboda rashin tabbas a yawan ruwan sama.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cape Town delayed Day Zero but South Africa's water woes aren't over|date=16 January 2019 }}</ref> === Madagascar === A kan tudu mai tsawo na Madagascar, an samu babbar sauyi daga shekara alif 1970 zuwa 2000 wanda ya kawar da kusan dukkan dazuzzukan ƙasar. Noman kona dazuzzuka ya kawar da kusan kashi 10% na jimillar tsirrai na ƙasar ya mayar da shi hamada. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan jama’a da buƙatar ciyar da talakawan mutanen asali, ammah sakamakon ya haɗa da yawaitar hawan ƙasa wanda ya haifar da koguna masu yawan laka da suka ci gaba da gudana ja bayan shekaru da lalacewar dazuzzuka. Wannan ya kawar da babban adadin ruwan sha mai amfani kuma ya lalata yawancin tsarin koguna na manyan kogunan da ke tafiya yamma. Wasu nau’in kifi sun kusa bacewa, wasu kuma kamar reef na coral da ke cikin Tekun Indiya sun lalace gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Conservation and environmental management in Madagascar}}</ref> [[File:Two_children_drinking_sachet_water.jpg|thumb|229x229px|Yara biyu suna shan ruwan sachet]] === Najeriya === Tare da kusan mutane miliyan 199, kashi 33% na ’yan Najeriya ba su da damar samun tushen ruwan sha mai tsabta.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|last1=Ighalo|first1=Joshua O.|last2=Adeniyi|first2=Adewale George|date=2020-12-01|title=A comprehensive review of water quality monitoring and assessment in Nigeria|journal=Chemosphere|language=en|volume=260|article-number=127569|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127569|pmid=32688315 |bibcode=2020Chmsp.26027569I |s2cid=220669885 |issn=0045-6535|url-access=subscription}}</ref> UNICEF ta ruwaito cewa fiye da rabin sabis na ruwan asali ga kashi 70% na ’yan Najeriya suna da gurbatawa.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Nearly one third of Nigerian children do not have enough water to meet their daily needs - UNICEF|access-date=2021-09-28|website=unicef.org|language=en}}</ref> Rashin kayan aikin samar da ruwa a fadin Najeriya yana hana yawancin al’umma samun ruwan tsabta; talaka na Najeriya yana samun lita 9 na ruwa a matsakaici a kowace rana.<ref name=":22">Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR), Government of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and UNICEF. 2020. ''Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: National Outcome Routine Mapping (WASH NORM) 2019: A Report of Findings''. FCT Abuja. Nigeria</ref> Saboda haka, da yawa daga cikin ’yan Najeriya suna dogara da ruwan kasuwanci kamar ruwan sachet ko ruwan kwalba.<ref name=":03"/> Gurɓataccen ruwan karkashin ƙasa yana ƙara matsalar ƙarancin ruwa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-15|title=Water Stress: A Triple Threat in Nigeria|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Pacific Council on International Policy|language=en}}</ref> Wasu manyan nau’ikan gurɓatattun abubuwa sun haɗa da zubar da taki da ruwa daga gonaki, rashin ingantaccen tsarin magudanar najasa, sharar masana’antu, gurɓatar mai da iskar gas, ragowar hakar ma’adinai da kuma najasar wuraren yanka.<ref name=":22"/> === Misira === Yawan jama’ar Misira da ƙaruwa a buƙatar ruwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar da talaucin ruwa a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite news |title='No other alternative': Egypt worries as climate change, dam project threaten Nile water supply |access-date=2024-09-21 |work=ABC News}}</ref> Kogin Nilu yana samar da kusan kashi 95% na ruwan Misira, ci gaba da ayyukan noma a gefen kogin yana ƙara tsananta matsalar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Scarcity and its Impact on the Socio-Economic Aspects of the National Projects in Egypt |access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref> UNICEF tana mai da hankali kan tsarin WASH (Ruwa, Tsabtace Muhalli da Tsafta) da burin rage ɓarnar ruwa da rage hayakin iskar gas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Scarcity in Egypt |access-date=2024-09-20}}</ref> Gwamnatin Misira kuma ta gabatar da Tsarin Albarkatun Ruwa na Ƙasa don haɗa ka’idojin kula da albarkatu.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Progress in water resources management: Egypt | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021171607/http://www.ukm.my/muwarec/ProceedingMuwarec08/1-Wagdy-Egypt%2011%20nov08.pdf | archive-date=2021-10-21}}</ref> === Maroko === Maroko tana fuskantar matsanancin ƙarancin ruwa saboda sauyin yanayi, yawan jama’a, da ƙaruwa a buƙatun noma. A cikin ’yan shekarun da suka gabata, ruwan sama ya ragu da kusan kashi 20%, wanda ya haifar da ƙalubale musamman a yankunan karkara inda kusan mutane miliyan 2.2 ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai tsabta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The State of the World's Children 2023 |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=unicef.org |date=20 April 2023 }}</ref> A matsayin martani, gwamnatin Maroko tana gina madatsun ruwa, inganta hanyoyin ban ruwa, da saka hannun jari a wuraren tace ruwan teku don ƙara hanyoyin samun ruwa. Duk da haka, sauyin yanayi da matsalolin kula da albarkatu suna ci gaba da zama manyan ƙalubale wajen tabbatar da samun ruwan sha mai dorewa ga kowa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> === Aljeriya === Kashi 95% na jama’ar Aljeriya suna da damar samun ruwan sha, tare da kashi 71% suna da damar samun ruwan sha mai tsabta da aka sarrafa yadda ya kamata,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country (or area) {{!}} SDG 6 Data |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=sdg6data.org}}</ref> yayin da a ƙasashen Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara, kamar Habasha, lamarin ya bambanta inda kashi 13.24% na jama’a ne kawai ke da damar samun ruwan sha mai tsabta, da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya inda wannan adadi yake kashi 6.13%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Aljeriya tana da madatsun ruwa 80, wuraren tace ruwan teku 11, wuraren tace ruwa 100 da fiye da wuraren ajiya na ruwa 14,000 a fadin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Water and Sanitation, Energy and Food-related Logistics Services | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227073722/https://unctad.org/system/files/non-official-document/c1mem2018_S2_Djelouah.pdf | archive-date=2021-02-27}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, ƙasar tana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman yawan samun ruwan sha mai tsabta a Afirka, tare da mafi girman kashi na maganin ruwan sharar gida da aka sarrafa yadda ya kamata a Afirka (76%). Duk da haka, yayin da yawan jama’ar ƙasar ke ƙaruwa, Aljeriya ta gabatar da wasu ayyuka don tabbatar da cewa ƙarancin ruwa ba zai ƙaru ba a nan gaba. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan shi ne gina sabbin wuraren tace ruwan teku guda bakwai tsakanin 2025 da 2030. Fara amfani da waɗannan wuraren zai ba da damar ƙara amfani da ruwan teku da aka tace zuwa kashi 42% na jimillar ruwan sha idan aka kwatanta da kashi 18% na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Algeria to build 7 new desalination plants between 2025 and 2030 |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=Global Flow Control |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == nn2g799xfgr27fywdg3ktjhpet6xlt7 0 82043 890456 484736 2026-08-02T07:24:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} {{Infobox person|name=Yusra Amjad|birth_date=1992|birth_place=Lahore}} '''Yusra Amjad''' mawakiyar Pakistan ce, marubuciya, kuma 'yar wasan barkwanci<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-08 |title=In the comedy of these Pakistani women, the joke’s on misogynistic men |url=https://www.arabnews.pk/node/1463536/pakistan |access-date=2020-12-28 |website=Arab News PK |language=en}}</ref> wacce ke zaune a [[Lahore]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lahore |first=Inside |date=2018-02-02 |title=The girl on fire |url=https://insidelahore.com/the-girl-on-fire/ |access-date=2020-12-28 |website=Inside Lahore |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ilimi == Amjad ta kammala karatun digirin ta na farko a fannin Adabin Turanci (English literature) daga Jami'ar Forman Christian College da ke Lahore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TEDxHabibUniversity {{!}} TED |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/35246 |access-date=2020-12-28 |website=www.ted.com}}</ref> Yusrah kwararriyar masaniya ce kuma ta kammala MFA ɗinta a fannin rubuce-rubucen ƙirƙira daga kwalejin Sarah Lawrence, da ke New York a shekara ta 2022. == Rayuwa da Waƙa == An haifi Yusrah Amjad a shekara ta Alif 1992 a Lahore, inda ta girma kuma a halin yanzu tana zaune a nan garin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yusra Amjad Archives |url=http://journal.themissingslate.com/byline/yusra-amjad/ |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=The Missing Slate |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026171100/http://journal.themissingslate.com/byline/yusra-amjad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An buga waƙar Amjad a ''The Missing Slate, Crossed Genres, Cities+, The Rising Phoenix Review,'' and ''Where Are You Press''. Wasan barkwancin ta na mata ([[Feminism|feminist]]) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasir |first=Amna |date=2016-09-12 |title=The Auratnaak Show: Pakistani Women Roast Patriarchy On Stage |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2016/09/13/auratnaak-comedy-pakistani-women/ |access-date=2020-12-28 |website=Feminism In India |language=en-GB}}</ref> ya ƙunshi ra'ayoyin al'ummar Pakistan, mai dacewa ga desi woman. == Aiki == Sha'awar Amjad ita ce ta wakilci muhimman batutuwa musamman da matan Pakistan ke fuskanta ta hanyar ban dariya. Waƙoƙinta suna nuna ɗabi'ar mata kuma suna da alaƙa akan karfafa mata. Itace wacce ta kafa kungiyar Auratnaak, wacce ke da nufin samar da wata al'umma ta mata waɗanda zasu iya ɗaukaka juna da wasan barkwanci, da kara karfafa gwiwar mata. == Wakilcin Zamantakewa == Amjad ta gabatar da TEDx Talk a Lahore mai taken “On being young, unmarried, and female in Pakistan”. A matsayin ta na budurwar da ba ta yi aure ba, tayi tambaya kan matsalolin da matan aure ke fuskanta wajen kiyaye mutuncin su kuma cikin nadama ta ce al'ummar Pakistan ba ta son mata su zama manya a cikin al'umma. Ta karkare da cewa be kamata a hana gina al'umma bisa daidaiton jinsi, motsin mata, kwanciyar hankali na kuɗi, da matsayin zamantakewa ba. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] otfuq6yul8qhql1bc9zj24kyn12p5hq 0 82906 890230 830576 2026-08-01T17:04:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890230 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Triton Shows''' masana'anta ce ta wanka ta Burtaniya da ke zaune a Warwickshire kuma ita ce babbar masana'antar wanka ta lantarki ta Burtaniya. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1975 a matsayin Triton (Aquatherm) Limited . <ref>[https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01211050 Companies House]</ref> Ya zama Triton plc a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1982. A karkashin Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1985, an sake yin rajista a matsayin kamfani mai iyaka a watan Yunin 1986. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Triton Showers |url=https://www.dmaeuropagroup.com/clients/triton-showers/ |access-date=27 November 2017 |publisher=DMA Europa Group}}</ref> Sunan ''Triton'' yana nufin allahn Girka Triton, wanda aka nuna shi a matsayin rabin mutum da rabin kifi, kuma yana ɗauke da trident. Triton Showers sun sami kyaututtuka biyu, "Mafi kyawun Burtaniya" da "Mafi Kyawun Mai Ba da Wutar Wutar Waya", a Daily Express Home and Living Awards a cikin 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Triton Showers celebrates success at 2017 Express Home and Living Awards - HVP Magazine - Heating, Ventilating & Plumbing |url=http://hvpmag.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/5302/Triton_Showers_celebrates_success_at_2017_Express_Home_and_Living_Awards.html |access-date=2017-11-27 |website=hvpmag.co.uk |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Mallaka === [[Norcros]] ne ya mallake shi, wanda ke da hedikwata a Wilmslow.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.norcros.com/our-businesses/united-kingdom/triton/ |title=Norcros |access-date=2024-08-12 |archive-date=2024-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223163023/https://www.norcros.com/our-businesses/united-kingdom/triton/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Norcros Holdings ne suka sayi shi a watan Satumbar 1987. === Yankin kayayyaki === Kamfanin yana samar da ruwan sha iri-iri daga ruwan sha na lantarki na T80 Pro-Fit zuwa ruwan sha na dijital na HOST, ta amfani da fasahar wanka ta baya-bayan nan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2017 |title=Triton unveils new T80 Pro-Fit electric shower |url=https://specificationonline.co.uk/sections/housing/articles/2017-01-12/triton-showers/triton-unveils-new-t80-pro-fit-electric-shower |access-date=10 July 2018 |website=Specification Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2017 |title=Triton launches HOST digital mixer shower |url=http://www.kb-eye.com/launch/triton-showers-launch-host-wireless-digital-mixer-specifically-designed-british-homes/ |access-date=10 July 2018 |website=KB-Eye |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710194520/http://www.kb-eye.com/launch/triton-showers-launch-host-wireless-digital-mixer-specifically-designed-british-homes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsarinsa == Kamfanin yana kan Shepperton Park a Nuneaton . Tana daukar ma'aikata kusan 350. == Tallafin wasanni == Triton ta dauki nauyin kungiyoyin wasanni, tare da ƙungiyar hockey ta maza ta Ingila a gasar zakarun Turai a watan Fabrairun 1991 a Birmingham.<ref>''Times'', 20 February 1991, page 39</ref> A watan Yunin 1991, ta dauki nauyin babban taron a Royal International Horse Show, wanda aka gudanar a Birmingham, wanda Paul Darragh ya lashe.<ref name=":0"/> A watan Yulin 1992, ta dauki nauyin wani taron a gasar zakarun wasanni ta duniya ta 1992. Ya dauki nauyin Lurgan Park Rally, wani taron motsa jiki a Arewacin Ireland, daga 2003-05. <ref name=":0"/> A shekara ta 2010, kamfanin ya dauki nauyin filin kwallon kafa na Nuneaton Town FC, wanda aka fi sani da Triton Showers Community Arena . Kamfanonin Irish masu rarrabawa suna tallafawa gasar rally ta kasa a Ireland, wanda aka fi sani da Triton Showers National Rally Championship. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}}12. na kari da magunguna na halitta ta hanyar ziyartar shafin yanar gizon su: [https://www.solevitaprodutosnaturais.com.br/ solevita] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805085058/https://www.solevitaprodutosnaturais.com.br/ |date=2024-08-05 }} . Wataƙila shafin yanar gizon yana ba da cikakken bayani game da kowane samfurin == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.tritonshowers.co.uk/about-triton/our-story Triton Shows] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518131647/https://www.tritonshowers.co.uk/about-triton/our-story |date=2021-05-18 }} {{Warwickshire}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lpeqj715ldcidl3zvts93r9fkvvryur 0 83182 890353 784978 2026-08-01T23:32:57Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|2 */ 890353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Push_pull_intercropping_plots.jpg|right|thumb|600x600px| Shirye-shiryen gwaji na "Push-pull" a harabar ICIPE a Mbita, Kenya. (Hagu: Masara tare da ''Desmodium spp.'' intercropping. Dama: Masara monoculture tare da cutar ''Striga'' ).]] '''Fasahar Push – Pull''' dabara ce ta shiga tsakani don sarrafa kwari na noma ta hanyar amfani da tsire-tsire masu “turawa” da tarko tsire-tsire “ja” . <ref name="cook2007">{{Cite journal |last=Cook, Samantha M. |last2=Khan, Zeyaur R. |last3=Pickett, John A. |year=2007 |title=The use of push-pull strategies in integrated pest management |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=52 |pages=375–400 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091407 |pmid=16968206}}</ref> Misali, [[Siril|amfanin gonakin hatsi]] kamar [[masara]] ko [[dawa]] galibi ana kamuwa da su ta hanyar borkono . Ciyawa da aka dasa a kusa da kewayen amfanin gona suna jawo hankalin kwari da tarko, yayin da wasu tsire-tsire, kamar ''Desmodium'', da aka dasa a tsakanin layuka na masara, suna korar kwari da sarrafa tsire-tsire ''Striga'' . An haɓaka fasahar Push-pull a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Duniya da Ilimin Halitta (ICIPE) a Kenya tare da haɗin gwiwar Rothamsted Research, UK. <ref name="www.rothamsted.ac.uk">[http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk www.rothamsted.ac.uk]</ref> da abokan hulda na kasa. An koyar da wannan fasaha ga ƙananan manoma ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar jami'o'i, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin bincike na kasa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Zeyaur |last2=Midega |first2=Charles |last3=Pittchar |first3=Jimmy |last4=Pickett |first4=John |last5=Bruce |first5=Toby |date=February 2011 |title=Push-pull technology: a conservation agriculture approach for integrated management of insect pests, weeds and soil health in Africa |journal=International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=162–170 |doi=10.3763/ijas.2010.0558 |issn=1473-5903 |s2cid=153717937}}</ref> == Yadda tura – ja ke aiki == Fasahar turawa ta ƙunshe da amfani da abubuwan haɓaka ɗabi'a don sarrafa rarrabuwa da ɗimbin ƙwari da kwari masu fa'ida don sarrafa kwarorin stemborer. Ya dogara ne akan fahimtar cikin ilimin halittar jiki , tsire-tsire na musanyayyaki, kuma ya ƙunshi cunkoson kwayar cuta kamar ''intermodium'' ) <ref>Glover et al., "Plant perennials to save Africa's soils", ''Nature'' 489, 359–361 (20 September 2012)</ref> (turawa), tare da kyan gani shukar tarko irin su Napier grass (jiye) da aka dasa a matsayin amfanin gona mai iyaka a kusa da wannan intercrop. Ana korar mata daga babban amfanin gona kuma a lokaci guda suna sha'awar shukar tarko. === Turawa === [[File:Flowering_Desmodium_spp.jpg|alt=Flowering ''Desmodium spp.''|right|thumb| "Tura": Silverleaf Desmodium ( ''D. uncinatum'' ) a cikin fure]] “Turawa” a cikin tsarin da ake yi tsakanin tsire-tsire ne ke samar da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke fitar da sinadarai masu canzawa ( kairomones ) waɗanda ke korar asu masu ƙwanƙwasa kuma suna kore su daga babban amfanin gona (masara ko dawa). Mafi yawan nau'in tsire-tsire da aka fi amfani da su sune [[Legum|legumes]] na jinsin ''Desmodium'' (misali silverleaf Desmodium, ''D. uncinatum'', da greenleaf Desmodium, ''D. intortum'' ). Ana shuka ''Desmodium'' a tsakanin layuka na masara ko dawa, inda suke fitar da sinadarai masu lalacewa (kamar (E) -β- ocimene da (E) -4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene) waɗanda ke kore asu mai tushe. Hakanan ana samar da waɗannan sinadarai a cikin ciyawa irin su masara lokacin da kwari suka lalata su, wanda zai iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa suke tunkuda masu tsini. <ref name="cook2007"/> <ref name="khan1997">{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Z. R. |last2=Ampong-Nyarko |first2=K. |last3=Chiliswa |first3=P. |last4=Hassanali |first4=A. |last5=Kimani |first5=S. |last6=Lwande |first6=W. |last7=Overholt |first7=W. A. |last8=Overholt |first8=W. A. |last9=Picketta |first9=J. A. |last10=Smart |first10=L. E. |last11=Woodcock |first11=C. M. |date=August 1997 |title=Intercropping increases parasitism of pests |journal=Nature |volume=388 |issue=6643 |pages=631–632 |bibcode=1997Natur.388..631K |doi=10.1038/41681 |issn=1476-4687 |s2cid=4410767 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kasancewar tsire-tsire mai ƙarancin girma, ''Desmodium'' baya tsoma baki tare da haɓakar amfanin gona, amma yana iya hana ciyawa kuma yana taimakawa haɓaka ingancin ƙasa ta hanyar haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa, daidaita nitrogen, da daidaita ƙasa daga zaizawar ƙasa. Hakanan yana aiki azaman abincin dabba mai gina jiki sosai kuma yana danne ciyawar striga ta hanyar allelopathic. Wani tsire-tsire da ke nuna kyawawan kaddarorin masu hanawa shine ciyawar molasses ( ''Meninis minutiflora'' ), abincin dabba mai gina jiki tare da kaddarorin kaska da kaddarorin tsutsa parasitoid masu ban sha'awa. <ref name="khan1997" /> === Jawo === [[Fayil:Strip_of_Brachiaria_brizantha_(signal_grass).jpg|right|thumb| "Jawo": Tsagewar ciyawa ta siginar ( ''Brachiaria brizantha'' ) da aka dasa a gefen filin turawa a Kenya]] Hanyar ta ta'allaka ne da haɗe-haɗen amfanin gona da za a dasa a kusa da tsakanin masara ko dawa. Dukansu ciyawa na gida da na daji na iya taimakawa wajen kare amfanin gona ta hanyar jawowa da kuma kama masu tsinke . Ana [[shuka]] ciyawa ne a kan iyakar da ke kusa da gonakin masara da dawa inda asu manya masu mamaye su ke sha'awar sinadarai da ciyawa ke fitarwa. Maimakon saukowa akan shukar masara ko dawa, kwarin suna kai wa ga abin da ya fi ɗanɗano abinci. Waɗannan ciyawa suna ba da "jawo" a cikin dabarun "push-pull". Suna kuma zama mafaka ga maƙiyan ƙorafi. Kyakkyawan amfanin gona na tarko sun haɗa da sanannun ciyawa irin su Napier grass ( ''Pennisetum purpureum'' ), ciyawa na sigina ( ''Brachiaria brizantha'' ), da ciyawa Sudan ( ''[[Dawa|Sorghum]] vulgare sudanense'' ). Ciyawa na Napier yana samar da matakan da suka fi girma na mahalli masu ban sha'awa ( koren ganye maras tabbas ), alamun da matan gravid stemborer ke amfani da su don gano tsire-tsire, fiye da masara ko dawa. Hakanan ana samun karuwar kusan ninki 100 a cikin jimlar waɗannan mahadi da aka samar a farkon sa'a na dare ta hanyar ciyawa na Napier (scotophase), lokacin da asu mai tushe ke neman tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire don yin ƙwai, yana haifar da fifikon oviposition. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chamberlain |first=K. |last2=Khan |first2=Z. R. |last3=Pickett |first3=J. A. |last4=Toshova |first4=T. |last5=Wadhams |first5=L. J. |date=2006-03-01 |title=Diel Periodicity in the Production of Green Leaf Volatiles by Wild and Cultivated Host Plants of Stemborer Moths, Chilo partellus and Busseola fusca |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-9016-5 |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=565–577 |doi=10.1007/s10886-005-9016-5 |issn=1573-1561 |pmid=16572298 |s2cid=2023126 |access-date=2021-10-17}}</ref> Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin tsutsa mai tushe, kimanin kashi 80%, ba sa rayuwa, kamar yadda Napier grass tissues ke samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace don mayar da martani ga ciyar da tsutsa, wanda ke kama su, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kimanin 80% na larvae. <ref name=":0"/> === Damuwar ''Striga'' === [[Fayil:Striga_hermonthica_on_maize.png|thumb| ''Striga hermonthica'' yana girma a gonar masara a Kenya.]] Har ila yau, ''Desmodium'' yana sarrafa ciyawa, ''Striga'', wanda ke haifar da karuwar yawan amfanin gona na kimanin tan 2/hectare (0.9 short ton a kowace kadada) a kowace kakar noman.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2021}}</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">abubuwan da ake buƙata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Baya ga fa'idodin da aka samu daga haɓakar haɓakar nitrogen da gasa don haske, an gano cewa ''D. uncinatum'' yana hana haɓakar striga ta hanyar allelopathy . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Zeyaur R. |last2=Hassanali |first2=Ahmed |last3=Overholt |first3=William |last4=Khamis |first4=Tsanuo M. |last5=Hooper |first5=Antony M. |last6=Pickett |first6=John A. |last7=Wadhams |first7=Lester J. |last8=Woodcock |first8=Christine M. |date=2002-09-01 |title=Control of Witchweed Striga hermonthica by Intercropping with Desmodium spp., and the Mechanism Defined as Allelopathic |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020525521180 |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=28 |issue=9 |pages=1871–1885 |doi=10.1023/A:1020525521180 |issn=1573-1561 |pmid=12449513 |s2cid=21834435 |access-date=2021-10-17}}</ref> Ana tsammanin waɗannan tasirin suna da alaƙa da isoflavanones da aka samar a cikin tushen Desmodium, wanda zai iya haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin striga ko hana haɓakar seedling, dangane da tsarin su. Tare, waɗannan tasirin suna haifar da sabon abu da aka sani da "haɗuwar suicidal", don haka rage bankin iri na striga a cikin ƙasa. <ref name=":0"/> Sauran nau'in ''Desmodium'' kuma an kimanta su kuma suna da irin wannan tasirin akan masu tsini da ciyawar striga kuma a halin yanzu ana amfani da su azaman tsaka-tsaki a cikin masara, dawa da gero. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Z.R. |last2=Midega |first2=C.A.O. |last3=Bruce |first3=T.J.A. |last4=Hooper |first4=A.M. |last5=Pickett |first5=J.A. |year=2010 |title=Exploiting phytochemicals for developing a 'push–pull' crop protection strategy for cereal farmers in Africa |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=61 |issue=15 |pages=4185–4196 |doi=10.1093/jxb/erq229 |pmid=20670998 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Inganta ingancin ƙasa === ''Desmodium'' kuma yana haɓaka ingancin ƙasa ta hanyar haɓaka ƙwayoyin ƙasa, abubuwan da ke cikin nitrogen, da ɗimbin halittu na ƙasa, tare da kiyaye danshi, daidaita yanayin ƙasa da hana zaizayar ƙasa. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mutyambai |first=Daniel M. |last2=Bass |first2=Ethan |last3=Luttermoser |first3=Tim |last4=Poveda |first4=Katja |last5=Midega |first5=Charles A. O. |last6=Khan |first6=Zeyaur R. |last7=Kessler |first7=André |date=2019 |title=More Than "Push" and "Pull"? Plant-Soil Feedbacks of Maize Companion Cropping Increase Chemical Plant Defenses Against Herbivores |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2019.00217 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Drinkwater |first=Laurie E. |last2=Midega |first2=Charles A. O. |last3=Awuor |first3=Rachel |last4=Nyagol |first4=Dickens |last5=Khan |first5=Zeyaur R. |date=2021-10-15 |title=Perennial legume intercrops provide multiple belowground ecosystem services in smallholder farming systems |journal=Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment |volume=320 |pages=107566 |doi=10.1016/j.agee.2021.107566 |issn=0167-8809 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndayisaba |first=Pierre Celestin |last2=Kuyah |first2=Shem |last3=Midega |first3=Charles Aura Odhiambo |last4=Mwangi |first4=Peter Njoroge |last5=Khan |first5=Zeyaur Rahman |date=2022-01-02 |title=Push-pull technology improves carbon stocks in rainfed smallholder agriculture in Western Kenya |journal=Carbon Management |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=127–141 |doi=10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823 |issn=1758-3004 |s2cid=247202273 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tattalin arzikin noma tura-ja == Aikin noma na turawa yana haifar da sakamako mai fa'ida na tattalin arziƙi akan matakin ɗaiɗaikun masu karamin karfi da manoma ta hanyar manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga da ke fitowa daga siyar da rarar hatsi, iri desmodium, fodder, da madara. <ref name=":0"/> Nazarin tattalin arziki ya ƙididdige yawan kuɗin da aka samu kan saka hannun jari na hanyoyin ja-in-ja don manoma ya haura 2.2 idan aka kwatanta da 1.8 don amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, da .8 na monocrop. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2019)">mai ban mamaki</span></nowiki>&#x20;&#x2013; tattaunawa'' &#x5D;</sup> <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Zeyaur |date=2014 |title=Achieving food security for one million sub-Saharan African poor through push–pull innovation by 2020 |url=http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/369/1639/20120284.full.pdf |journal=Philosophical Transactions |volume=369 |issue=1639 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2012.0284 |pmc=3928888 |pmid=24535391 |via=Royal Society Publishing }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ko da yake farashin farawa na fasahar turawa ya bambanta sosai saboda bukatun aiki don shuka desmodium da ciyawa Napier da sayan waɗannan tsaba, farashin ya ragu sosai a cikin shekaru masu girma. <ref name=":1" /> An kuma ga fasahar Push-pull don taimakawa wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin cikin gida. <ref name=":0" /> Domin kuwa wadannan manoman sun fi samun kudin shiga, suna iya kashe kudi a cikin tattalin arzikin yankinsu wanda hakan ke kara inganta rayuwa da walwalar al’umma gaba daya. <ref name=":0" /> Babban abokan adawar tattalin arziki ga irin waɗannan hanyoyin sune manyan kamfanoni na duniya kamar Monsanto da sauransu waɗanda ke samar da kayan aiki na lokaci-lokaci irin su magungunan kashe qwari, takin zamani da iri mai girma waɗanda ke buƙatar irin waɗannan abubuwan. <ref name=":0"/> Bayan da aka gudanar da bincike kan abubuwan da ake tantance yawan amfanin gona na masara, an gano cewa an samu karuwar noman masara da kashi 61.9 cikin 100 tare da karin kashi 15.3 cikin 100 na farashin noman masara da kuma karin kashi 38.6 cikin 100 a matsakaicin kudin shigar da ake samu daga masara. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Kassie |first=Menale |date=Spring 2018 |title=Push–pull farming system in Kenya: Implications for economic and social welfare |journal=Land Use Policy |volume=77 |pages=186–198 |doi=10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.05.041 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin gidajen da aka fara amfani da fasahar tura turawa a Kenya, an danganta karuwar kuɗin da ake samu na tattalin arziƙi da ƙarin ilimi na shekaru, haɓaka damar zuwa cibiyoyin karkara, da halartar manyan ranakun filin idan aka kwatanta da gidajen da ba su yi amfani da fasahar ba. . <ref name=":2"/> Bugu da kari, idan aka ci gaba da amfani da fasahar a halin yanzu na kashi 14.4 cikin 100, ana iya sa ran raguwar mutane 75,077 da ake ganin matalauta ne a cikin halin da tattalin arzikin kasar ke ci gaba da kasancewa a rufe, kuma ana sa ran mutane 76,504 za a yi la'akari da matalauta idan tattalin arzikin kasar ya kasance. sun bude. <ref name=":2" /> == Yarda da al'adu na aikin noma na turawa == Domin an samar da fasahar tura turawa musamman a wajen yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara—inda hukumomin kasa da kasa a yau suke da burin bunkasa tasirinta—rashin amincewa da farko aka fuskanta. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Mbeche Nyang’au |first=Isaac |date=Summer 2018 |title=Transdisciplinary Research: Collaborative Leadership and Empowerment Towards Sustainability of Push–Pull Technology |journal=Sustainability |volume=10 |issue=7 |page=2378 |doi=10.3390/su10072378 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan rashin amincewa ya kara ruruwa ne saboda zargin da ake yi na cikin gida cewa jami'an waje suna da boyayyun manufofin son kai. <ref name=":3" /> A cikin alakar da ake samar da albarkatun aiwatar da sabbin fasahohi a waje, manoma kan ji cewa dole ne kawai su bi umarnin da aka ba su; duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari a Habasha don ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar manoma tare da haɓaka fasahar turawa da kuma sa aikin ya kasance da haɗin kai da kuma cike wannan gibi. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, fasahar turawa ta yi kama da hanyoyin haɗaɗɗiyar al'ada wanda ya taimaka masa samun karbuwar al'umma. An kuma fi ganin fasahar tura turawa a matsayin abin karbuwa a al'adance da kuma dacewa saboda yadda take ba da matsayin gargajiya ga maza da mata a aikin noma. <ref name=":3"/> Saboda fasahar ture-gurbin na iya dacewa da tsarin iyali na yanzu, aikin ba ya buƙatar sake fasalin abubuwan da ke akwai. <ref name=":3" /> Domin ci gaba da aiwatar da fasahohin turawa, manoma sun taka rawar gani da tasiri wajen yanke shawarar yadda za a aiwatar da fasahar yadda za ta dace da bukatunsu da kuma daidaita al'adun gargajiya. <ref name=":3" /> Alal misali, manoman yankin sun gwammace su haƙa layin da za a shuka iri a ciki ta hanyar amfani da garmar sa. <ref name=":3" /> Gabaɗaya, ta hanyar haɓaka jagorancin haɗin kai na manoma na cikin gida, ana sa ran samun ɗorewa na irin waɗannan ayyukan. <ref name=":3" /> == Tarihi == An haɓaka fasahar Push-pull a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Duniya da Ilimin Halitta (ICIPE) a Kenya tare da haɗin gwiwar Rothamsted Research, UK. <ref name="www.rothamsted.ac.uk"/> da abokan tarayya a cikin 1990s. <ref>Khan, Z. R., J. A. Pickett, J. van den Berg, L. J. Wadhams, and C. M. Woodcock. 2000. Exploiting chemical ecology and species diversity: stem borer and striga control for maize and sorghum in Africa. Pest Management Science 56:957–962.</ref> Bincike da bunƙasa dabarun turawa sun sami tallafi daga wasu abokan haɗin gwiwa da suka haɗa da gidauniyar Gatsby Charitable Foundation ta Burtaniya, Gidauniyar Rockefeller, Ma'aikatar Raya Ƙasa ta Burtaniya, da Cibiyar Muhalli ta Duniya na UNEP, da sauransu. <ref name=":0"/> == Fatan noma na turawa a gaba == Wannan dabarar ta dogara ne akan amfani da tsire-tsire da ake samu a cikin gida, ba kayan aikin masana'antu masu tsada ba, don haka ya sa ya fi dacewa da tattalin arziki da kuma dacewa da al'adu kamar yadda wannan hanya ta hanyoyi da yawa ta yi kama da al'adun gargajiya na Afirka na yin cuɗanya. <ref name=":0"/> Don haka, ana tsammanin wannan hanyar za ta zama sanannen mafita ga matsalar karancin abinci a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara. Duk da yake wannan dabarar ba ta da amfani sosai, tana da ƙarin ilimi. <ref name=":0" /> Don haka ne aka kaddamar da kamfen na kafafen yada labarai, an gudanar da tarukan jama’a, an ba da bugu da kari, da kuma samar da shirye-shiryen makarantun filayen noma da manoma domin a shawo kan matsalolin ilimi wajen aiwatar da fasahohin turawa. <ref name=":0" /> Hanyoyi mafi inganci, masu tasiri, da kuma tsadar kuɗi na watsa bayanai da ƙarfafa manoma don yin amfani da hanyoyin ja da baya an gano cewa ranakun gona ne (wanda ya kai kusan 26.8% karuwa a ɗauka), makarantun gonaki (22.2% damar karkatar da su). shawarar manoma), da malaman manoma (damar shawo kan manoma 18.1 bisa 100 don yin amfani da fasahar). <ref name=":1"/> Bugu da ƙari, an gano cewa sama da kashi 80% na manoman da ke shiga ranakun gonaki suna amfani da fasahar a ƙasarsu. <ref name=":1" /> Wani matakin da aka ɗauka don haɓaka ƙimar karɓar fasahar turawa shine rarraba tsaba na desmodium da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata don fara wannan aikin. <ref name=":1"/> An samu damar rarraba iri da sauran abubuwan da ake bukata ta hanyar hadin gwiwa da kamfanonin iri da kungiyoyin manoma na cikin gida. <ref name=":1" /> Domin yakar matsalar karancin iri da tsadar irin noman desmodium da ke dakile yaduwar fasahohin turawa, an kaddamar da ayyukan noman iri da dama tare da karfafa gwiwar kungiyoyin manoma da su rika yada iri da kansu. <ref name=":1" /> A sakamakon wadannan matakan, an kara habaka kasuwar irir desmodium kuma irir ta samu sauki ga kananan manoma da ke neman aiwatar da hanyoyin tsukewa a gonakinsu. <ref name=":1" /> A Kenya, Tanzaniya, da Uganda kadai, ƙananan manoma 68,800 ne suka karɓi fasahar turawa; duk da haka, waɗannan lambobi na iya zama mafi girma a gaskiya saboda gibi a cikin rahoto. <ref name=":1"/> Domin kuwa wadannan yankuna a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara na fama da matsalar noman noman da ba za a iya dogaro da su ba, sakamakon cizon sauro da striga, rashin haihuwa na kasa, da rashin dorewar kayan kiwon dabbobi, ana sa ran karin karin manoma masu karamin karfi za su dauki matakin magance wadannan matsalolin. nan gaba a adadin karɓuwa na shekara-shekara na 30% da yuwuwar ƙimar tallafi na shekara-shekara na 50% saboda ƙaƙƙarfan kamfen na ilimi da aka ƙaddamar. <ref name=":1" />{{Clear}}<gallery mode="packed" align="center"> Fayil:Maize-push-pull-farm-at-ICIPE,_Mbita_Point,_Kenya.jpg|alt=Maize push-pull farm at ICIPE, Mbita Point, Kenya, showing intercrop Desmodium spp.|gonakin tura masara a ICIPE, Mbita Point, Kenya, yana nuna intercropDesmodiumspp. Fayil:Maize-push-pull-farm-at-ICIPE,_Mbita_Point-3,_Kenya.jpg|alt=Maize push-pull farm showing intercrop Desmodium and trap crop at ICIPE, Mbita Point, Kenya|gonakin tura masara yana nunaDesmodiumintercrop da amfanin gona a ICIPE, Mbita Point, Kenya, Fayil:Sorghum-push-pull-farm-at-ICIPE,_Mbita_Point,_Kenya.jpg|alt=Sorghum push-pull farm showing trap crop Brachiaria (ICIPE, Mbita Point, Kenya)|Gonar tura dawa tana nuna tarkon amfani gonaBrachiaria(ICIPE, Mbit Point, Kenya) </gallery> == Duba kuma == * Kwarin kwayoyin halitta * Hanyoyin al'adu * Noma mai dorewa * Jerin batutuwan noma masu dorewa * Ecotechnology * Jerin tsire-tsire na abokin tarayya * Jerin ciyawa masu amfani * Jerin tsire-tsire masu hana kwari == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.push-pull.net www.push-pull.net] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n5604orrz5k5l0acwq50ulav1i00l13 0 83395 890231 611553 2026-08-01T17:05:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ==Kwayar Virus ta Trojan Horse== '''Trojan Horse''' ( ko kuma ace Dokin Trojan) ya kasance wani nau'in malware ne na kwayar [[virus]] wanda ke bayyana a matsayin halaltaccen shiri(application ko software) domin yaudarar masu amfani da shi don saukewa da shigar da shi a kan kwamfutocin su. Da zarar an shigar da shi(Installing), Dokin Trojan na iya yin munanan ayyuka, kamar: Satar bayanai masu mahimmanci, Kula da ayyukan mai amfani, Samun damar da wani zai iya shiga da kutse wa [[kwamfuta]] ta bayan gida(wato Backdoor) daga nesa ba tare da izini ba. Trojans sun bambanta da sauran nau'ikan malware, kamar virus da kuma worms, saboda ba sa yin kwafin kansu. Madadin haka, sun dogara da dabarun injiniyancin zamantakewa (Social Engineering) da hulɗar masu amfani don yadawa. Misali, ana iya ɓoye Trojans a haɗe-haɗe na sakon imel, sabunta software na karya, tallace-tallacen banner, tallace-tallacen faji na [[yanar gizo]], ko hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo. === Wasu alamun da ke nuna cewa kwamfutarka na iya samun dokin Trojan sun haɗa da:=== # Canje-canje ga allon kwamfutar, kamar canza launi ko ƙuduri, ko allon kifewa. # Yawan tallan da ya wuce kima waɗanda ke ba da mafita ga kurakurai. # Mouse yana motsi da kansa ko daskarewa, ko maɓallan linzamin kwamfuta suna juyawa. # Canje-canje ga shafin farko na mai lilo, ko mai binciken yana ci gaba da tura mai amfani zuwa wani gidan yanar gizo na daban. ==Halaiya ta Dokin Trojan== Da zarar an shigar, Trojans na iya yin ayyuka da yawa na mugunta. Mutane da yawa sukan tuntuɓar ɗaya ko fiye [[Botnet#Command and Control|Command and Control]] (C2) sabobin a cikin [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]] kuma suna jiran samun umarni. Tun da Trojans ɗaya kan yi amfani da takamaiman saitin tashar jiragen ruwa don wannan sadarwar, yana iya zama mai sauƙi don gano su. Bugu da ƙari, wasu malware na iya yuwuwar "ƙara" Trojan, ta yin amfani da shi azaman wakili don aikin ɓarna. <ref>{{cite report | last1=Crapanzano |first1=Jamie |title=Yanke SubSeven, Trojan Dokin Zabi http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/malicious/deconstructing_subseven_the_trojan_horse_of_choice_953}}</ref> ==Manazarta== <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/information/story/what-is-sova-virus-2001017-2022-09-16 |title=What is Sova virus? |website=India Today}}</ref> * [[Shedun]] Android malware – 2015 (discovered)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2015/11/19/shedun-trojanized-adware/ |title=Trojanized adware family abuses accessibility service to install whatever apps it wants – Lookout Blog |access-date=2024-08-25 |archive-date=2016-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033315/https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2015/11/19/shedun-trojanized-adware/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Neal |first1=Dave |title=Shedun trojan adware is hitting the Android Accessibility Service |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2435721/shedun-trojan-adware-is-hitting-the-android-accessibility-service |website=[[The Inquirer]] |publisher=Incisive Business Media |access-date=2020-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122002729/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2435721/shedun-trojan-adware-is-hitting-the-android-accessibility-service |archive-date=2015-11-22 |date=2015-11-20 |url-status=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2015/11/04/trojanized-adware/ |title=Lookout discovers new trojanized adware; 20K popular apps caught in the crossfire – Lookout Blog |access-date=2024-08-25 |archive-date=2017-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219042903/https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2015/11/04/trojanized-adware/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://betanews.com/2015/11/05/shuanet-shiftybug-and-shedun-malware-could-auto-root-your-android/ |title=Shuanet, ShiftyBug and Shedun malware could auto-root your Android |date=November 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/104373/20151109/new-family-of-android-malware-virtually-impossible-to-remove-say-hello-to-shedun-shuanet-and-shiftybug.htm |title=New Family of Android Malware Virtually Impossible To Remove: Say Hello To Shedun, Shuanet And ShiftyBug |first=Tech |last=Times |date=November 9, 2015}}</ref> m36sfyp09wgkkp3gb81uobc56w7x2q9 890232 890231 2026-08-01T17:05:51Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 890232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ==Kwayar Virus ta Trojan Horse== '''Trojan Horse''' ( ko kuma ace Dokin Trojan) ya kasance wani nau'in malware ne na kwayar [[virus]] wanda ke bayyana a matsayin halaltaccen shiri(application ko software) domin yaudarar masu amfani da shi don saukewa da shigar da shi a kan kwamfutocin su. Da zarar an shigar da shi(Installing), Dokin Trojan na iya yin munanan ayyuka, kamar: Satar bayanai masu mahimmanci, Kula da ayyukan mai amfani, Samun damar da wani zai iya shiga da kutse wa [[kwamfuta]] ta bayan gida(wato Backdoor) daga nesa ba tare da izini ba. Trojans sun bambanta da sauran nau'ikan malware, kamar virus da kuma worms, saboda ba sa yin kwafin kansu. Madadin haka, sun dogara da dabarun injiniyancin zamantakewa (Social Engineering) da hulɗar masu amfani don yadawa. Misali, ana iya ɓoye Trojans a haɗe-haɗe na sakon imel, sabunta software na karya, tallace-tallacen banner, tallace-tallacen faji na [[yanar gizo]], ko hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo. === Wasu alamun da ke nuna cewa kwamfutarka na iya samun dokin Trojan sun haɗa da:=== # Canje-canje ga allon kwamfutar, kamar canza launi ko ƙuduri, ko allon kifewa. # Yawan tallan da ya wuce kima waɗanda ke ba da mafita ga kurakurai. # Mouse yana motsi da kansa ko daskarewa, ko maɓallan linzamin kwamfuta suna juyawa. # Canje-canje ga shafin farko na mai lilo, ko mai binciken yana ci gaba da tura mai amfani zuwa wani gidan yanar gizo na daban. ==Halaiya ta Dokin Trojan== Da zarar an shigar, Trojans na iya yin ayyuka da yawa na mugunta. Mutane da yawa sukan tuntuɓar ɗaya ko fiye [[Botnet#Command and Control|Command and Control]] (C2) sabobin a cikin [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]] kuma suna jiran samun umarni. Tun da Trojans ɗaya kan yi amfani da takamaiman saitin tashar jiragen ruwa don wannan sadarwar, yana iya zama mai sauƙi don gano su. Bugu da ƙari, wasu malware na iya yuwuwar "ƙara" Trojan, ta yin amfani da shi azaman wakili don aikin ɓarna. <ref>{{cite report | last1=Crapanzano |first1=Jamie |title=Yanke SubSeven, Trojan Dokin Zabi http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/malicious/deconstructing_subseven_the_trojan_horse_of_choice_953}}</ref> ==Manazarta== <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/what-is-sova-virus-2001017-2022-09-16 |title=What is Sova virus? |website=India Today}}</ref> * [[Shedun]] Android malware – 2015 (discovered)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2015/11/19/shedun-trojanized-adware/ |title=Trojanized adware family abuses accessibility service to install whatever apps it wants – Lookout Blog |access-date=2024-08-25 |archive-date=2016-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033315/https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2015/11/19/shedun-trojanized-adware/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Neal |first1=Dave |title=Shedun trojan adware is hitting the Android Accessibility Service |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2435721/shedun-trojan-adware-is-hitting-the-android-accessibility-service |website=[[The Inquirer]] |publisher=Incisive Business Media |access-date=2020-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122002729/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2435721/shedun-trojan-adware-is-hitting-the-android-accessibility-service |archive-date=2015-11-22 |date=2015-11-20 |url-status=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2015/11/04/trojanized-adware/ |title=Lookout discovers new trojanized adware; 20K popular apps caught in the crossfire – Lookout Blog |access-date=2024-08-25 |archive-date=2017-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219042903/https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2015/11/04/trojanized-adware/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://betanews.com/2015/11/05/shuanet-shiftybug-and-shedun-malware-could-auto-root-your-android/ |title=Shuanet, ShiftyBug and Shedun malware could auto-root your Android |date=November 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/104373/20151109/new-family-of-android-malware-virtually-impossible-to-remove-say-hello-to-shedun-shuanet-and-shiftybug.htm |title=New Family of Android Malware Virtually Impossible To Remove: Say Hello To Shedun, Shuanet And ShiftyBug |first=Tech |last=Times |date=November 9, 2015}}</ref> 7uhd3hajrc8k8o9z5g1y5rvotnmtw7q 0 84688 890348 856303 2026-08-01T22:48:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wale Adebanwi''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif 1969) haifaffen-Najeriya ne, bakin fata na farko da ya zama Rhodes Farfesa a Kwalejin St Antony, Oxford inda ya kasance, har zuwa watan Yuni 2021, Farfesa a fannin Race Relations, kuma Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka, Makarantar Nazarin Yankin Tsare-tsare da Wakilin Hukumar Mulki.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Professor Wale Adebanwi |url=https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/people/wale-adebanwi/ |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Oxford Martin School |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PROF. WALE ADEBANWI: I Wish I Were Gifted But I’ve Got Good Luck |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/17/prof-wale-adebanwi-i-wish-i-were-gifted-but-ive-got-good-luck/ |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=ThisDay Live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-18 |title=First Black African To Be Appointed Rhodes Professor {{!}} Wale Adebanwi |url=http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/first-black-african-to-be-appointed-rhodes-professorwale-adebanwi-biographywale-adebanwi-profile/ |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=Nigerian Monitor |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427143610/http://www.nigerianmonitor.com/first-black-african-to-be-appointed-rhodes-professorwale-adebanwi-biographywale-adebanwi-profile/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu shi Farfesa ne na Shugaban Kasa na Penn Compact na Nazarin Afirka a Jami'ar Pennsylvania.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Wale Adebanwi {{!}} Africana Studies |url=https://africana.sas.upenn.edu/people/wale-adebanwi |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=africana.sas.upenn.edu}}</ref> Binciken Adebanwi ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwa da dama da suka shafi sauyin zamantakewa, kishin kasa da kabilanci, dangantakar kabilanci, siyasar ainihi, fitattun mutane da siyasar al'adu, tsarin dimokuradiyya, jaridun jarida da siyasar sararin samaniya a Afirka.<ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar ilimi == Wale Adebanwi ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa na Mass Communication a [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami’ar Lagos]], sannan ya samu digirin digirgir na M.Sc. da kuma Ph.D. a Kimiyyar Siyasa a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]]. Yana kuma da MPhil. da kuma Ph.D. a Social Anthropology daga Jami'ar Cambridge.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Naijamotherland|title=Wale Adebanwi: Meet The Nigerian Appointed As First Black African Rhodes Professor At Oxford University|url=http://dailynigerianews.naijamotherland.com/2017/01/18/wale-adebanwi-meet-the-nigerian-appointed-as-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/|publisher=Naija Motherland|accessdate=28 February 2017|archive-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118210430/http://dailynigerianews.naijamotherland.com/2017/01/18/wale-adebanwi-meet-the-nigerian-appointed-as-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wale Adebanwi {{!}} Africana Studies |url=https://africana.sas.upenn.edu/people/wale-adebanwi |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=africana.sas.upenn.edu}}</ref> == Aiki == Adebanwi ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa, marubuci, kuma editan jaridu da mujallu da yawa kafin ya shiga Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Jami’ar Ibadan]] a matsayin malami kuma mai bincike<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bellanaija|title=President Buhari Hails Wale Adebanwi on his Appointment as Rhodes Professor at Oxford University|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/01/president-buhari-hails-wale-adebanwi-on-his-appointment-as-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/|publisher=Bella naija.com|date=14 January 2017| accessdate=28 February 2017}}</ref>. Daga baya aka nada shi mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Nazarin Afirka da Nazarin Afirka na Jami'ar California, Davis, Amurka. Ya zama cikakken farfesa a UC Davis a 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wale Adebanwi |url=https://aas.ucdavis.edu/faculty-and-staff/wale-adebanwi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926235406/https://aas.ucdavis.edu/faculty-and-staff/wale-adebanwi |archive-date=2016-09-26 |website=UC Davis}}</ref> Daga baya aka nada shi mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Nazarin Afirka da Nazarin Afirka na Jami'ar California, Davis, Amurka. Ya zama cikakken farfesa a UC Davis a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wale Adebanwi |url=https://aas.ucdavis.edu/faculty-and-staff/wale-adebanwi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926235406/https://aas.ucdavis.edu/faculty-and-staff/wale-adebanwi |archive-date=2016-09-26 |website=UC Davis}}</ref> An bai wa Adebanwi [https://www.gf.org/fellows/wale-adebanwi/ fellowship na Guggenheim] a shekarar 2024. Shi ne marubucin [https://iupress.org/9780253070364/how-to-become-a-big-man-in-africa/ How to Become a Nigeria Big Man in Africa: Subalternity, Elites, and Ethnic Politics in Contemporary Nigeria] (2024); [https://www.cambridge.org/us/universitypress/subjects/politics-international-relations/african-government-politics-and-policy/yoruba-elites-and-ethnic-politics-nigeria-bafemi-awolowo-and-corporate-agency?format=PB Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency] (2014); [https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781580465557/nation-as-grand-narrative/ Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809143536/https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781580465557/nation-as-grand-narrative/ |date=2024-08-09 }} (2016); da [https://cap-press.com/books/isbn/9781611630237/Authority-Stealing Authority Stealing: Anti-Corruption War and Democratic Politics in Nigeria] (2012). Shi ne editan kuma babban editan littattafai da dama, da suka hada da [https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781847013514/democracy-and-nigerias-fourth-republic/ Democracy and Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Governance, Political Economy, and Party Politics 1999–2023] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725042913/https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781847013514/democracy-and-nigerias-fourth-republic/ |date=2024-07-25 }} (2023); [https://www.ohioswallow.com/9780821424902/everyday-state-and-democracy-in-africa/ Everyday State and Democracy in Africa: Ethnographic Encounters] (2022); Elites and the Politics of Accountability in Africa (2021); The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins (2017); Writers and Social Thought in Africa (2016); da Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations (2013). Adebanwi ya kasance ga cikin editocin ''Africa: Journal of the International African Institute'' da kuma''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Studies Workshop Featuring Wale Adebanwi |url=https://africa.harvard.edu/event/african-studies-workshop-featuring-wale-adebanwi |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=africa.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522045304/https://africa.harvard.edu/event/african-studies-workshop-featuring-wale-adebanwi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ayyukansa da aka buga sun haɗa da: His published works include:<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nigeriannation|title=Wale Adebanwi: Meet The Nigerian Appointed As First Black African Rhodes Professor At Oxford University|url=http://newspapers.nigeriannation.news/2017/01/18/wale-adebanwi-meet-the-nigerian-appointed-as-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/|publisher=Nageriannation.news|accessdate=28 February 2017|archive-date=1 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301013148/http://newspapers.nigeriannation.news/2017/01/18/wale-adebanwi-meet-the-nigerian-appointed-as-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-at-oxford-university/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning'' (University of Rochester Press, 2016) * ''Yoruba Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo and Corporate Agency'' (Cambridge University Press, 2014) * ''Authority Stealing: Anti-corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria'' (Carolina Academic Press, 2012) Bugu da kari, shi ne edita kuma mai tsara wasu littattafai, ciki har da: * ''The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa: Beyond the Margins'' (James Currey Publishers, 2017) * ''Writers and Social Thought in Africa'' (Routledge, 2016) * (co-edited with [[Ebenezer Obadare]]) ''Governance and the Crisis of Rule in Contemporary Africa'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) * (co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) ''Democracy and Prebendalism in Nigeria: Critical Interpretations'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). * (co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) ''Nigeria at Fifty: The Nation in Narration'' (Routledge, 2012) * (co-edited with Ebenezer Obadare) ''Encountering the Nigerian State'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). == Karramawa == * [https://www.universityherald.com/articles/59728/20170111/oxford-university-first-black-african-rhodes-professor-nigerian-adebanwi.htmFarfesa Rhodes a cikin dangantakar Tsere] a Makarantar Yanki na Oxford da Nazarin Duniya, Jami'ar Oxford, UK.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigerian scholar named Rhodes Professor at Oxford University |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/219998-nigerian-scholar-named-rhodes-professor-oxford-university.html |website=www.premiumtimesng.com |publisher=[[Premium Times]] |access-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053137/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/219998-nigerian-scholar-named-rhodes-professor-oxford-university.html |archive-date=May 26, 2022 |language=en |date=January 10, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> * [https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/two-penn-professors-named-2024-guggenheim-fellows Guggenheim Fellowship](2024) * Gidauniyar MacArthur 'Bincike da Tallafin Rubutu' (2005-2006) * Rockefeller Fellowship (Mazaunin Rubutun Ilimi, Cibiyar Bellagio, Italiya) 2013 == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adebanwi, Wale}} [[Category:rayayyun mutane]] [[category:haifaffun 1969]] [[category:maluman Najeriya]] tpu9zuqibtzbmjrbombx2t594kule9j 0 86244 890200 557230 2026-08-01T14:52:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''The Punch''' jaridar [[kullum]] ta Najeriya ce da aka kafa a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1970. Punch Nigeria Limited an yi rajistar ta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1968 domin buga jaridu, mujallu da sauran jaridu. An ce manufar jaridar ita ce "ta sanar, ta ilmantar da kuma ta nishadantar da 'yan Najeriya da duniya baki ɗaya."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/about-us/|title=Game da mu|website=Punchng.com|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jaridun Punch {{!}} Mafi karatu jarida a Najeriya|url=http://www.pickyournewspaper.com/WORLD/AFRICA/Newspapers/Nigeria/punchng.com.html|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Pickyournewspaper.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-18 |title=Masu Laifi Sun Sace Ofishin PUNCH Newspapers A Asaba |url=https://independent.ng/hoodlums-burgle-punch-newspapers-office-in-asaba/ |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=Jaridar Zaman Lafiya ta Najeriya |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == ''The Punch'' an kafa ta ne ta [[Olu Aboderin|James Aboderin]], mai [[lissafi]], da [[Sam Amuka Pemu|Sam Amuka]], masanin [[rubutu]] da editan jaridar ''[[Daily Times of Nigeria]]''. Amuka ya zama editan farko na ''Sunday Punch''. A watan Nuwamba 1976, shekaru kaɗan bayan buga na farko na ɓangaren Lahadi, waɗannan biyu sun fara buga jaridar kullum mai suna Punch. Dukkanin waɗannan ɓangarorin an tsara su ne don su nuna tsari mai kyau na [[Apoliticism|babu son zuciya]] wajen rahoton labarai, suna haɗa hotuna na abubuwan zamantakewa tare da labaran siyasa na yau da kullum. Jaridar tana tsaye kanta ta hanyar zurfafawa cikin manyan batutuwa da ke jan hankali da dama daga cikin mutane.<ref name="Adigun">Adigun Agbaje, "Yancin Jarida da Siyasa a Najeriya: Ka'idodi, Bita da Makomar Ta", ''Harkokin Afirka'', Vol. 89, No. 355, Afrilu 1990.</ref> Amma, a lokacin ƙarshen [[Najeriya Ta Biyu|Jamhuriyar Biyu]], bukatun siyasa sun haifar da sabani ga ainihin manufofinta. Aboderin da Amuka sun rabu saboda wani ɓangare na sabani na siyasa. Aboderin ya samu goyon bayan abokin adawarsa na baya, [[M. K. O. Abiola]], bayan wanda ya bar [[Jam'iyyar Kasa ta Najeriya|NPN]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Agbaje|first=Adigun|date=1990|title=Yancin Jarida da Siyasa a Najeriya: Ka'idodi, Bita da Makomar Ta|journal=Harkokin Afirka|volume=89|issue=355|pages=205–226|issn=0001-9909|jstor=722242|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098285}}</ref> Jaridar ta fara ɗaukar ɓangaren siyasa, yawanci a kan gwamnatin [[Shehu Shagari]]. An yi zaton, kwanaki kafin faɗuwar gwamnatin a cikin [[juyin mulkin Najeriya na 1983]], wasu editocin ''Punch'' sun san game da juyin mulkin da ke zuwa kuma sun yi rubutu tare da muryar su da ke ƙin goyon bayan gwamnati. == Yancin Jarida == ''The Punch'' ba ta tsira daga ƙarin [[juyin mulki]] a ƙasar ba. A shekarar 1990, an kulle editanta na ta na tsawon kwanaki 54. A cikin shekarar 1993 da 1994, an rufe gidan buga jaridar bisa umarnin shugabancin sojojin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tukur |first=Sani |date=2017-04-25 |title=Fitar da Villa: Punch Newspapers na neman hakuri daga CSO na Buhari, Gwamnati - Premium Times Najeriya |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/229596-villa-expulsion-punch-newspapers-demands-apology-buharis-cso-presidency.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/229596-villa-expulsion-punch-newspapers-demands-apology-buharis-cso-presidency.html |access-date=2022-07-08 |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:Punch place Arepo.jpg|thumb|Wurin Punch, [[Arepo, Najeriya|Arepo]]]] == Kamfanin == Punch Nigeria Limited an yi rajistar ta a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1970, ƙarƙashin Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1968 domin buga jaridu, mujallu, da sauran jaridu masu amfani ga jama'a. An tsara ta don gudanar da aikin da ya shafi harkokin kafofin watsa labarai guda uku: sanarwa, ilmantarwa, da nishadantar da 'yan Najeriya da duniya baki ɗaya. Kamfanin yana da kwamitin gudanarwa, wanda shine mafi girman hukumar yanke shawara na kamfanin. A shekarar 1971, kamfanin ya fara shahararrun mujallu da aka buga da ''Happy Home'', mujallar da ta shafi iyali. Editan farko na ta shine Bunmi Sofola. A ranar Lahadi, 18 ga Maris, 1973, jaridar farko ta ''Sunday PUNCH'' ta fara buga labarai wanda Ajibade Fashina-Thomas ya tsara. ''The Punch'', jaridar kullum ta biyo baya a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1976. Editan farko na ta shine Dayo Wright. Duk da haka, a cikin shekarun 1980, an sake shirya jaridun biyu. A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1990, mako guda bayan wani [[juyin mulkin Najeriya na 1990|kokarin juyin mulki]] a kan gwamnatin sojoji ta [[Ibrahim Babangida]], an rufe kamfanin, wanda ya dade na wata guda yayin da Chris Mammah, mataimakin editan jaridar, ya shude tsawon kwanaki 54. A cikin Yuli 1993, gwamnatin sojoji ta sake rufe ofishin kamfanin bisa umarnin Dokar No 48 ta 1993 kuma ta haramta dukkan jaridun sa daga yawo a ƙasar. Rufe wannan jaridar ya biyo bayan rikicin siyasa da ya biyo bayan ƙin yarda da [[zaben shugaban kasa na Najeriya na 1993|zaben shugaban kasa na shekarar nan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojo |first=Emmanuel |date=2023-06-10 |title=Ƙin yarda da zaben shugaban kasa na 1993 shine lokacin da na fi jin baƙin ciki – mai wallafa Marketing Edge |url=https://punchng.com/annulment-of-1993-presidential-poll-my-saddest-moment-marketing-edge-publisher/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Jaridar Punch |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba na shekarar, umarnin haramta jaridun an soke ta ta hanyar Dokar No 115 ta 1993. Wannan dokar za ta kasance an soke ta a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1994, wanda hakan ya haifar da haramta dukkan jaridun ''Punch'' ciki har da ''Toplife'', wanda aka dawo dashi da aka buga a matsayin mujallar mako-mako a lokacin. Bola Bolawole, editan ''Punch'' a lokacin, an kama shi na kwanaki uku a ofishin sa a tsohuwar hedkwatar kamfanin. A lokacin rufewar, gwamnati ta watsar da umarnin kotu da ta umurci ta da ta bar ofishin kamfanin da kuma bayar da adadin [[Naira Najeriya|₦]]25 miliyan da ₦100,000 ga kamfanin da Bolawole. Ba a yi shekara ta 1 ga Oktoba, 1995 ba, lokacin da gwamnati ta soke haramcin buga wannan jaridar ta hanyar watsa labarai na ranar kasa daga [[Sani Abacha]] a lokacin soja. == Mafi karatu jarida == Daga 1998 zuwa 1999, Hukumar Bincike da Talla (RMS) Lagos ta gudanar da bincike masu zaman kansu inda aka jera ''The Punch'' a matsayin mafi karatu jarida. == Bugun Punch: Goss Community == A karshen 1990, ''The Punch'' ta fitar da wani shahararren shahararren shahararren shahararren shahararren mai taken ''The Punch: Goss Community''. Wannan bincike yana mai da hankali kan martabar jaridun da kuma ma'anar labarai ga al'umma. Wannan shahararren shahararren ya shahara sosai a tsakanin matasa, wanda ke kawo sabbin ra'ayoyi da ma'anar labarai. Wannan shahararren ya zama wata hanya ta samarda sabon haske game da al'amuran yau da kullum ga 'yan Najeriya. == Hanyoyin sadarwa == ''The Punch'' yana da shafukan sada zumunta da dama, ciki har da [https://www.facebook.com/punchng Facebook], [https://twitter.com/punchng Twitter], da [https://www.instagram.com/punchng Instagram]. == Hanyoyin da suka shafi == * [https://punchng.com/ The Punch] * [https://www.punchng.com/category/news/ Labarai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129111534/https://punchng.com/category/news |date=2020-01-29 }} * [https://www.punchng.com/category/entertainment/ Nisha] * [https://www.punchng.com/category/sports/ Wasanni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321145939/http://punchng.com/category/sports/ |date=2016-03-21 }} * [https://www.punchng.com/category/business/ Kasuwanci] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321145902/http://punchng.com/category/business/ |date=2016-03-21 }} * [https://www.punchng.com/category/opinion/ Ra'ayoyi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321150041/http://punchng.com/category/opinion/ |date=2016-03-21 }} == Manazarta == <references /> qbp6b1hs565hjfw90tzs0zibqbz9gbz 0 88431 890275 550376 2026-08-01T20:07:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Umana Okon Umana''' CON <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Buhari Confers National Honours on Umana, Udom |url=https://www.thecable.ng/buhari-confers-national-honour-on-umana-gov-udom-others/amp/ |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce, masanin tattalin arziki, kuma shugaban kasuwanci wanda aka sani da sa hannu sosai a ci gaban siyasa da tattalin arziki na Jihar Akwa Ibom da Najeriya . Ayyukansa sun kai sama da shekaru talatin, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sabis na jama'a da kasuwanci. (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1959) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Nijar Delta . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/news/item/1687 |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref><ref name="Premium">{{Cite web |title=APC's Umana Umana to challenge Akwa Ibom governorship election result |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/181400-apcs-umana-umana-to-challenge-akwa-ibom-governorship-election-result.html |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Umana a ranar 20 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1959, a [[Kalaba|Calabar]], [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], kuma ya kammala karatunsa na farko a Kwalejin St. Patrick. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=Umana hosts classmates in Akwa Ibom |url=https://dailytrust.com/umana-hosts-classmates-in-akwa-ibom/ |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=Daily Trust News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami Bsc a cikin Tattalin Arziki daga [[Jami'ar Calabar]] a 1980, da kuma MBA a cikin Kudi daga Jami'an Port Harcourt a 1987. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2023 |title=UniCal maiden Distinguished Alumnus Award on Umana, honour well deserved |url=https://www.thecable.ng/unical-maiden-distinguished-alumnus-award-on-umana-honour-well-deserved/amp/ |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=TheCable NG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kwarewar sana'a == Umana ta shiga cikin darussan ci gaban kwararru da yawa a makarantun Ivy League waɗanda suka haɗa da "Hadin gwiwar Jama'a masu zaman kansu da Kudin Shirin" a Cibiyar Shari'a ta Duniya a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] (Nuwamba 2017); "Senior Executive Programme" a Makarantar Kasuwancin London (Fabrairu 2009); "Columbia Senior Executive Program" a Makarantun Kasuwanci na Columbia (Mayu 2002); Modernising Government - RIPA International, London (Nuwambar 2001). A cikin 2019 Umana ta sami takardar shaidar zartarwa a cikin manufofin jama'a daga Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy, Jami'ar Harvard, bayan kammala shirye-shiryen da suka biyo baya: "Hadin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki" (Mayu 2019); "Hadin Gidan Gwamnati" (Maris 2018); da kuma "Matsar Tattaunawa" (Afrilu 2019).<ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Umana |first=Umana |date=28 October 2024 |title=Umana profile |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/mr-umana-okon-umana-a3831454?trk=universal-search-cluster |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[LinkedIn]]}}</ref>   == Ayyukan siyasa == Ministan Harkokin Nijar Delta: Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari|Mohammadu Buhari]] ne ya nada shi a wannan mukamin daga Yuli 2022 zuwa Afrilu 2023, ya kammala wa'adinsa lokacin da wa'adin [[Muhammadu Buhari|Shugaba Buhari]] ya ƙare a 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iroanusi |first=QueenEsther |date=2022-06-29 |title=ROUND-UP: How Senate screened, confirmed ministerial nominees |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/539879-round-up-how-senate-screened-confirmed-ministerial-nominees.html |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Ya mayar da hankali kan magance matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana jaddada gyaran ababen more rayuwa da karfafa al'umma. An girmama shi a matsayin "Ministan Shekara" a wani taron da hukumomin jarida daban-daban suka shirya. Oil and Gas Free Zones Authority (OGFZA): Umana ya yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Darakta / Shugaba na OGFZA, yana inganta sauƙin yin kasuwanci da ayyukan tattalin arziki a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Igbikiowubo |first=Hector |date=2020-01-17 |title=Buhari re-appoints Umana Okon Umana as OGFZA boss |url=https://sweetcrudereports.com/buhari-re-appoints-umana-okon-umana-as-ogfza-boss/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=SweetCrudeReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan nasarar da aka samu a kan jan tef wanda ya kawo sabbin saka hannun jari a cikin yankunan da ba su da man fetur da iskar gas a Najeriya, OGFZA ta lashe matsayi na farko a cikin shirin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Shugaban kasa, a gaban wasu ma'aikatu 43, sassan da hukumomin Gwamnatin Tarayya a cikin 2018, wanda Majalisar Kasuwancin Shugaban kasa ke ingantawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uzor |first=Franklin |date=2019-06-07 |title=Kudos for OGFZA on Ease of Doing Business |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/2019/06/07/kudos-for-ogfza-on-ease-of-doing-business/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204053951/https://www.nipc.gov.ng/2019/06/07/kudos-for-ogfza-on-ease-of-doing-business/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dan takarar gwamna: Umana ya yi takara a zaben gwamna na jihar Akwa Ibom, yana nuna tasirinsa na siyasa da ikon tattara tallafi. <ref name="Premium"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=21 August 2015 |title=A/Ibom: Umana takes stand as star witness at tribunal |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/aibom-umana-takes-stand-as-star-witness-at-tribunal/ |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Sakataren gwamnati: A karkashin Godswill Akpabio a matsayin gwamna, Umana ta kasance Sakataren Gwamnatin [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]] daga 2007 zuwa 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udo |first=Bassey |date=2013-07-31 |title=Update: Akwa Ibom crisis: Akpabio appoints new SSG as Umana resigns |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/141966-breaking-akpabio-appoints-new-ssg-as-umana-resigns.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Kwamishinan Kudi: Daga 2003 zuwa 2007, Umana ya kasance Kwamishinan Kuɗi a jihar Akwa Ibom a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Victor Attah kuma ya yi aiki na wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu kowannensu. An nada shi a matsayin mataimakin darektan Logistics na yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na APC a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ailemen |first=Anthony |date=28 December 2018 |title=Full list of APC's Presidential campaign council |url=https://businessday.ng/exclusives/article/full-list-of-apcs-presidential-campaign-council/ |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan Ma'aikata == Umana ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin na farko na Ofishin Kasafin Kudi na Jihar Akwa Ibom daga 2000 - 2003 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-22 |title=Profile Of Budget Office - Akwa Ibom State Government |url=http://akwaibomstate.gov.ng/profile-of-budget-office/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gudummawa == Ayyukan Umana sun kasance alama ce ta jajircewarsa ga shugabanci, nuna gaskiya, da ci gaban tattalin arziki. An lura da matsayinsa a mukamai daban-daban don: Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa: Babban gudummawa ga ci gaban ababen hawa na Jihar Akwa Ibom. Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki: Kasancewa da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shirin tattalin arziki da aiwatar da kasafin kuɗi na jihar. == Sanarwa == Shugaba Mohammadu Buhari ne ya ba Umana Kwamandan Order of the Niger (CON) a shekarar 2023. <ref name=":1"/> mujallar fDi mai suna OGFZA "Free Zone of the Year" a cikin 2018 da kuma "Bespoke Free Zone Incentives" a cikin shekara ta 2019. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-05 |title=FIN Awardee, Umana Okon Umana, Managing Director/CEO, OGFZA |url=https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/fin-awardee-umana-okon-umana-managing-director-ceo-ogfza/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Foreign Investment Network |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203085638/https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/fin-awardee-umana-okon-umana-managing-director-ceo-ogfza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hukumomin jarida daban-daban sun nada shi Ministan Shekara ta 2022. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] favvav882zhfa4lipfj75lkyjt5aiyu 890276 890275 2026-08-01T20:07:24Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 890276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Umana Okon Umana''' CON <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Buhari Confers National Honours on Umana, Udom |url=https://www.thecable.ng/buhari-confers-national-honour-on-umana-gov-udom-others/ |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce, masanin tattalin arziki, kuma shugaban kasuwanci wanda aka sani da sa hannu sosai a ci gaban siyasa da tattalin arziki na Jihar Akwa Ibom da Najeriya . Ayyukansa sun kai sama da shekaru talatin, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sabis na jama'a da kasuwanci. (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1959) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Nijar Delta . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/news/item/1687 |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref><ref name="Premium">{{Cite web |title=APC's Umana Umana to challenge Akwa Ibom governorship election result |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/181400-apcs-umana-umana-to-challenge-akwa-ibom-governorship-election-result.html |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Umana a ranar 20 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1959, a [[Kalaba|Calabar]], [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], kuma ya kammala karatunsa na farko a Kwalejin St. Patrick. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=Umana hosts classmates in Akwa Ibom |url=https://dailytrust.com/umana-hosts-classmates-in-akwa-ibom/ |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=Daily Trust News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami Bsc a cikin Tattalin Arziki daga [[Jami'ar Calabar]] a 1980, da kuma MBA a cikin Kudi daga Jami'an Port Harcourt a 1987. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2023 |title=UniCal maiden Distinguished Alumnus Award on Umana, honour well deserved |url=https://www.thecable.ng/unical-maiden-distinguished-alumnus-award-on-umana-honour-well-deserved/ |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=TheCable NG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kwarewar sana'a == Umana ta shiga cikin darussan ci gaban kwararru da yawa a makarantun Ivy League waɗanda suka haɗa da "Hadin gwiwar Jama'a masu zaman kansu da Kudin Shirin" a Cibiyar Shari'a ta Duniya a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] (Nuwamba 2017); "Senior Executive Programme" a Makarantar Kasuwancin London (Fabrairu 2009); "Columbia Senior Executive Program" a Makarantun Kasuwanci na Columbia (Mayu 2002); Modernising Government - RIPA International, London (Nuwambar 2001). A cikin 2019 Umana ta sami takardar shaidar zartarwa a cikin manufofin jama'a daga Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy, Jami'ar Harvard, bayan kammala shirye-shiryen da suka biyo baya: "Hadin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki" (Mayu 2019); "Hadin Gidan Gwamnati" (Maris 2018); da kuma "Matsar Tattaunawa" (Afrilu 2019).<ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Umana |first=Umana |date=28 October 2024 |title=Umana profile |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/mr-umana-okon-umana-a3831454?trk=universal-search-cluster |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[LinkedIn]]}}</ref>   == Ayyukan siyasa == Ministan Harkokin Nijar Delta: Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari|Mohammadu Buhari]] ne ya nada shi a wannan mukamin daga Yuli 2022 zuwa Afrilu 2023, ya kammala wa'adinsa lokacin da wa'adin [[Muhammadu Buhari|Shugaba Buhari]] ya ƙare a 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iroanusi |first=QueenEsther |date=2022-06-29 |title=ROUND-UP: How Senate screened, confirmed ministerial nominees |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/539879-round-up-how-senate-screened-confirmed-ministerial-nominees.html |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Ya mayar da hankali kan magance matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana jaddada gyaran ababen more rayuwa da karfafa al'umma. An girmama shi a matsayin "Ministan Shekara" a wani taron da hukumomin jarida daban-daban suka shirya. Oil and Gas Free Zones Authority (OGFZA): Umana ya yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Darakta / Shugaba na OGFZA, yana inganta sauƙin yin kasuwanci da ayyukan tattalin arziki a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Igbikiowubo |first=Hector |date=2020-01-17 |title=Buhari re-appoints Umana Okon Umana as OGFZA boss |url=https://sweetcrudereports.com/buhari-re-appoints-umana-okon-umana-as-ogfza-boss/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=SweetCrudeReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan nasarar da aka samu a kan jan tef wanda ya kawo sabbin saka hannun jari a cikin yankunan da ba su da man fetur da iskar gas a Najeriya, OGFZA ta lashe matsayi na farko a cikin shirin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Shugaban kasa, a gaban wasu ma'aikatu 43, sassan da hukumomin Gwamnatin Tarayya a cikin 2018, wanda Majalisar Kasuwancin Shugaban kasa ke ingantawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uzor |first=Franklin |date=2019-06-07 |title=Kudos for OGFZA on Ease of Doing Business |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/2019/06/07/kudos-for-ogfza-on-ease-of-doing-business/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204053951/https://www.nipc.gov.ng/2019/06/07/kudos-for-ogfza-on-ease-of-doing-business/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dan takarar gwamna: Umana ya yi takara a zaben gwamna na jihar Akwa Ibom, yana nuna tasirinsa na siyasa da ikon tattara tallafi. <ref name="Premium"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=21 August 2015 |title=A/Ibom: Umana takes stand as star witness at tribunal |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/aibom-umana-takes-stand-as-star-witness-at-tribunal/ |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Sakataren gwamnati: A karkashin Godswill Akpabio a matsayin gwamna, Umana ta kasance Sakataren Gwamnatin [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]] daga 2007 zuwa 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udo |first=Bassey |date=2013-07-31 |title=Update: Akwa Ibom crisis: Akpabio appoints new SSG as Umana resigns |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/141966-breaking-akpabio-appoints-new-ssg-as-umana-resigns.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Kwamishinan Kudi: Daga 2003 zuwa 2007, Umana ya kasance Kwamishinan Kuɗi a jihar Akwa Ibom a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Victor Attah kuma ya yi aiki na wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu kowannensu. An nada shi a matsayin mataimakin darektan Logistics na yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na APC a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ailemen |first=Anthony |date=28 December 2018 |title=Full list of APC's Presidential campaign council |url=https://businessday.ng/exclusives/article/full-list-of-apcs-presidential-campaign-council/ |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan Ma'aikata == Umana ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin na farko na Ofishin Kasafin Kudi na Jihar Akwa Ibom daga 2000 - 2003 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-22 |title=Profile Of Budget Office - Akwa Ibom State Government |url=http://akwaibomstate.gov.ng/profile-of-budget-office/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gudummawa == Ayyukan Umana sun kasance alama ce ta jajircewarsa ga shugabanci, nuna gaskiya, da ci gaban tattalin arziki. An lura da matsayinsa a mukamai daban-daban don: Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa: Babban gudummawa ga ci gaban ababen hawa na Jihar Akwa Ibom. Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki: Kasancewa da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shirin tattalin arziki da aiwatar da kasafin kuɗi na jihar. == Sanarwa == Shugaba Mohammadu Buhari ne ya ba Umana Kwamandan Order of the Niger (CON) a shekarar 2023. <ref name=":1"/> mujallar fDi mai suna OGFZA "Free Zone of the Year" a cikin 2018 da kuma "Bespoke Free Zone Incentives" a cikin shekara ta 2019. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-05 |title=FIN Awardee, Umana Okon Umana, Managing Director/CEO, OGFZA |url=https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/fin-awardee-umana-okon-umana-managing-director-ceo-ogfza/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Foreign Investment Network |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203085638/https://foreigninvestmentnetwork.com/fin-awardee-umana-okon-umana-managing-director-ceo-ogfza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hukumomin jarida daban-daban sun nada shi Ministan Shekara ta 2022. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] desuwbdx0arm3rny3i7xs2ij9doomnn 0 90023 890492 674081 2026-08-02T10:17:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 890492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zubaida Umar Abubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977) ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Najeriya)|Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa]] (NEMA), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yekeen |first=Akinwale |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as DG of NEMA |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar NEMA DG - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-nema-dg/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ita 'yar asalin [[Birnin Kebbi]] ce a [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasisi |first=Lanre |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu Appoints Umar As New NEMA DG |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/03/15/tinubu-appoints-umar-as-new-nema-dg/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okay.ng |date=2024-03-16 |title=Profile of Zubaida Umar, the New Director-General of NEMA • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/profile-of-zubaida-umar-the-new-director-general-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Zubaida Umar Abubakar a Najeriya a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977. Zubaida ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kasa da Kasa ta Essence a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] kafin ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Kasuwancin Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Robert Gordon a Scotland . Umar kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (CIBN), Ƙungiyar Masu Lissafi na Kasa na Najeriya (ANAN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (ICA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunrise |date=2024-03-16 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as NEMA DG |url=https://sunrise.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-nema-dg/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Sunrise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR: A Tactical Planner Takes Charge At NEMA – The Whistler Newspaper |url=https://thewhistler.ng/zubaida-umar-a-tactical-planner-takes-charge-at-nema/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-03-16 |title=Zubaida Umar: Executive Director FMBN appointed first female DG of NEMA |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/16/zubaida-umar-executive-director-fmbn-appointed-first-female-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Zubaida Umar: Savvy, innovative, result-driven professional, an abusite with a strategic edge at FMBN |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/zubaida-umar-savvy-innovative-result-driven-professional-an-abusite-with-a-strategic-edge-at-fmbn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Zubaida Umar ta fara aikinta ne a Ofishin Gudanar da Biyan Najeriya, inda ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2006, ta shiga masana'antar jinginar gida tare da aikinta a Bankin jinginar gida na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN). A lokacin da ta kasance a FMBN, ta rike mukamai masu yawa, ta tashi daga Babban Manajan a ofishin Manajan Darakta zuwa Babban Darakta, Kudi da Ayyukan Kamfanoni.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR - Africa International Housing Show |url=https://africahousingshow.com/speaker/zubaida-umar/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Mortgage Bank approves 3,000 housing scheme for workers |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279968-federal-mortgage-bank-approves-3000-housing-scheme-for-workers.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Matsayinta sun hada da Mataimakin Janar Manajan Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci (2009-2011), Mataimakin Manajan Janar na Manufofin da Dabarun (2011-2013), Mai Kula da Yanki na [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], da Jihohin [[Neja|Nijar]] (2013-2016), Shugaban Kungiyar Sadarwar Kamfanoni (2018-2020), da Babban Manajan Yankin FCT (2020-2022). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta babban darakta na kudi da sabis na kamfanoni, matsayin da ta rike har sai an nada ta Babban Darakta na NEMA a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu appoints new NEMA DG |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/677917-tinubu-appoints-new-nema-dg.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Zubaida Umar 'yar [[Dangiwa Umar|Col. Dangiwa Umar]] ce, jami'in soja mai ritaya kuma tsohon Gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], wanda aka fi sani da goyon bayansa ga adalci da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Guest |date=2024-09-28 |title=A soldier of democracy |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-soldier-of-democracy/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifiyarta, [[commons:File:Mallam_Yahaya_Gusau.jpg|Mallam Yahaya Gusau]], sanannen shugaban Arewa ne wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko na [[Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin kafin ya zama Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da sake ginawa a lokacin gwamnatin Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-11-04 |title=YAHAYA, Alh Gusau |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-yahaya-gusau-obe-ofr-cfr/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=Remembering a humble public servant, Mallam Gusau, Shettiman Sokoto - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-a-humble-public-servant-mallam-gusau-shettiman-sokoto/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinta, marigayi Umar Waziri Gwandu, tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi ne na Tsohon [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] . An sanya sunan [[Birnin Kebbi]] na Tarayya don girmama shi. Zubaida ta auri Kashim Tumsah, lauya, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai karɓar girmamawar ƙasar Najeriya, memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter 1 |first=T. S. J. |date=2023-11-28 |title=Profile of Kashim Musa Tumsah appointed by President Tinubu to NNPCL board and management team |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073810/https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckson |first=Cara Gift |date=2023-11-28 |title=Meet Kashim Musa Tumsah, appointed to NNPCL board & management |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201162043/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tony Edeh]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] e72ag6dbs04l06cjbh0v6yfuxkrwbji 890493 890492 2026-08-02T10:18:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 890493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zubaida Umar Abubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977) ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Najeriya)|Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa]] (NEMA),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yekeen |first=Akinwale |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as DG of NEMA |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar NEMA DG - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-nema-dg/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ita 'yar asalin [[Birnin Kebbi]] ce a [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasisi |first=Lanre |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu Appoints Umar As New NEMA DG |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/03/15/tinubu-appoints-umar-as-new-nema-dg/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okay.ng |date=2024-03-16 |title=Profile of Zubaida Umar, the New Director-General of NEMA • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/profile-of-zubaida-umar-the-new-director-general-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Zubaida Umar Abubakar a Najeriya a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977. Zubaida ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kasa da Kasa ta Essence a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] kafin ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Kasuwancin Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Robert Gordon a Scotland . Umar kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (CIBN), Ƙungiyar Masu Lissafi na Kasa na Najeriya (ANAN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (ICA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunrise |date=2024-03-16 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as NEMA DG |url=https://sunrise.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-nema-dg/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Sunrise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR: A Tactical Planner Takes Charge At NEMA – The Whistler Newspaper |url=https://thewhistler.ng/zubaida-umar-a-tactical-planner-takes-charge-at-nema/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-03-16 |title=Zubaida Umar: Executive Director FMBN appointed first female DG of NEMA |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/16/zubaida-umar-executive-director-fmbn-appointed-first-female-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Zubaida Umar: Savvy, innovative, result-driven professional, an abusite with a strategic edge at FMBN |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/zubaida-umar-savvy-innovative-result-driven-professional-an-abusite-with-a-strategic-edge-at-fmbn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Zubaida Umar ta fara aikinta ne a Ofishin Gudanar da Biyan Najeriya, inda ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2006, ta shiga masana'antar jinginar gida tare da aikinta a Bankin jinginar gida na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN). A lokacin da ta kasance a FMBN, ta rike mukamai masu yawa, ta tashi daga Babban Manajan a ofishin Manajan Darakta zuwa Babban Darakta, Kudi da Ayyukan Kamfanoni.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR - Africa International Housing Show |url=https://africahousingshow.com/speaker/zubaida-umar/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Mortgage Bank approves 3,000 housing scheme for workers |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279968-federal-mortgage-bank-approves-3000-housing-scheme-for-workers.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Matsayinta sun hada da Mataimakin Janar Manajan Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci (2009-2011), Mataimakin Manajan Janar na Manufofin da Dabarun (2011-2013), Mai Kula da Yanki na [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], da Jihohin [[Neja|Nijar]] (2013-2016), Shugaban Kungiyar Sadarwar Kamfanoni (2018-2020), da Babban Manajan Yankin FCT (2020-2022). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta babban darakta na kudi da sabis na kamfanoni, matsayin da ta rike har sai an nada ta Babban Darakta na NEMA a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu appoints new NEMA DG |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/677917-tinubu-appoints-new-nema-dg.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Zubaida Umar 'yar [[Dangiwa Umar|Col. Dangiwa Umar]] ce, jami'in soja mai ritaya kuma tsohon Gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], wanda aka fi sani da goyon bayansa ga adalci da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Guest |date=2024-09-28 |title=A soldier of democracy |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-soldier-of-democracy/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifiyarta, [[commons:File:Mallam_Yahaya_Gusau.jpg|Mallam Yahaya Gusau]], sanannen shugaban Arewa ne wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko na [[Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin kafin ya zama Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da sake ginawa a lokacin gwamnatin Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-11-04 |title=YAHAYA, Alh Gusau |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-yahaya-gusau-obe-ofr-cfr/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=Remembering a humble public servant, Mallam Gusau, Shettiman Sokoto - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-a-humble-public-servant-mallam-gusau-shettiman-sokoto/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinta, marigayi Umar Waziri Gwandu, tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi ne na Tsohon [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] . An sanya sunan [[Birnin Kebbi]] na Tarayya don girmama shi. Zubaida ta auri Kashim Tumsah, lauya, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai karɓar girmamawar ƙasar Najeriya, memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter 1 |first=T. S. J. |date=2023-11-28 |title=Profile of Kashim Musa Tumsah appointed by President Tinubu to NNPCL board and management team |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073810/https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckson |first=Cara Gift |date=2023-11-28 |title=Meet Kashim Musa Tumsah, appointed to NNPCL board & management |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201162043/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tony Edeh]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tbrt1doczixcmyiw651gy1yv76dfuqp 890494 890493 2026-08-02T10:18:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 890494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zubaida Umar Abubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977) ta kasance ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Najeriya)|Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa]] (NEMA),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yekeen |first=Akinwale |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as DG of NEMA |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar NEMA DG - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-nema-dg/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ita 'yar asalin [[Birnin Kebbi]] ce a [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasisi |first=Lanre |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu Appoints Umar As New NEMA DG |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/03/15/tinubu-appoints-umar-as-new-nema-dg/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okay.ng |date=2024-03-16 |title=Profile of Zubaida Umar, the New Director-General of NEMA • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/profile-of-zubaida-umar-the-new-director-general-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Zubaida Umar Abubakar a Najeriya a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977. Zubaida ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kasa da Kasa ta Essence a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] kafin ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Kasuwancin Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Robert Gordon a Scotland . Umar kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (CIBN), Ƙungiyar Masu Lissafi na Kasa na Najeriya (ANAN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (ICA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunrise |date=2024-03-16 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as NEMA DG |url=https://sunrise.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-nema-dg/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Sunrise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR: A Tactical Planner Takes Charge At NEMA – The Whistler Newspaper |url=https://thewhistler.ng/zubaida-umar-a-tactical-planner-takes-charge-at-nema/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-03-16 |title=Zubaida Umar: Executive Director FMBN appointed first female DG of NEMA |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/16/zubaida-umar-executive-director-fmbn-appointed-first-female-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Zubaida Umar: Savvy, innovative, result-driven professional, an abusite with a strategic edge at FMBN |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/zubaida-umar-savvy-innovative-result-driven-professional-an-abusite-with-a-strategic-edge-at-fmbn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Zubaida Umar ta fara aikinta ne a Ofishin Gudanar da Biyan Najeriya, inda ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2006, ta shiga masana'antar jinginar gida tare da aikinta a Bankin jinginar gida na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN). A lokacin da ta kasance a FMBN, ta rike mukamai masu yawa, ta tashi daga Babban Manajan a ofishin Manajan Darakta zuwa Babban Darakta, Kudi da Ayyukan Kamfanoni.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR - Africa International Housing Show |url=https://africahousingshow.com/speaker/zubaida-umar/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Mortgage Bank approves 3,000 housing scheme for workers |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279968-federal-mortgage-bank-approves-3000-housing-scheme-for-workers.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Matsayinta sun hada da Mataimakin Janar Manajan Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci (2009-2011), Mataimakin Manajan Janar na Manufofin da Dabarun (2011-2013), Mai Kula da Yanki na [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], da Jihohin [[Neja|Nijar]] (2013-2016), Shugaban Kungiyar Sadarwar Kamfanoni (2018-2020), da Babban Manajan Yankin FCT (2020-2022). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta babban darakta na kudi da sabis na kamfanoni, matsayin da ta rike har sai an nada ta Babban Darakta na NEMA a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu appoints new NEMA DG |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/677917-tinubu-appoints-new-nema-dg.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Zubaida Umar 'yar [[Dangiwa Umar|Col. Dangiwa Umar]] ce, jami'in soja mai ritaya kuma tsohon Gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], wanda aka fi sani da goyon bayansa ga adalci da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Guest |date=2024-09-28 |title=A soldier of democracy |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-soldier-of-democracy/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifiyarta, [[commons:File:Mallam_Yahaya_Gusau.jpg|Mallam Yahaya Gusau]], sanannen shugaban Arewa ne wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko na [[Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin kafin ya zama Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da sake ginawa a lokacin gwamnatin Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-11-04 |title=YAHAYA, Alh Gusau |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-yahaya-gusau-obe-ofr-cfr/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=Remembering a humble public servant, Mallam Gusau, Shettiman Sokoto - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-a-humble-public-servant-mallam-gusau-shettiman-sokoto/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinta, marigayi Umar Waziri Gwandu, tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi ne na Tsohon [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] . An sanya sunan [[Birnin Kebbi]] na Tarayya don girmama shi. Zubaida ta auri Kashim Tumsah, lauya, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai karɓar girmamawar ƙasar Najeriya, memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter 1 |first=T. S. J. |date=2023-11-28 |title=Profile of Kashim Musa Tumsah appointed by President Tinubu to NNPCL board and management team |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073810/https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckson |first=Cara Gift |date=2023-11-28 |title=Meet Kashim Musa Tumsah, appointed to NNPCL board & management |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201162043/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tony Edeh]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s78uxct7qu11fi6v6w0iuxfcp99d4k4 890496 890494 2026-08-02T10:19:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 890496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zubaida Umar Abubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce na Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Darakta Janar na [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Najeriya)|Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa]] (NEMA),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yekeen |first=Akinwale |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as DG of NEMA |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar NEMA DG - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-nema-dg/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ita 'yar asalin [[Birnin Kebbi]] ce a [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasisi |first=Lanre |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu Appoints Umar As New NEMA DG |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/03/15/tinubu-appoints-umar-as-new-nema-dg/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okay.ng |date=2024-03-16 |title=Profile of Zubaida Umar, the New Director-General of NEMA • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/profile-of-zubaida-umar-the-new-director-general-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Zubaida Umar Abubakar a Najeriya a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977. Zubaida ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kasa da Kasa ta Essence a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] kafin ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Kasuwancin Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Robert Gordon a Scotland . Umar kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (CIBN), Ƙungiyar Masu Lissafi na Kasa na Najeriya (ANAN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (ICA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunrise |date=2024-03-16 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as NEMA DG |url=https://sunrise.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-nema-dg/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Sunrise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR: A Tactical Planner Takes Charge At NEMA – The Whistler Newspaper |url=https://thewhistler.ng/zubaida-umar-a-tactical-planner-takes-charge-at-nema/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-03-16 |title=Zubaida Umar: Executive Director FMBN appointed first female DG of NEMA |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/16/zubaida-umar-executive-director-fmbn-appointed-first-female-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Zubaida Umar: Savvy, innovative, result-driven professional, an abusite with a strategic edge at FMBN |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/zubaida-umar-savvy-innovative-result-driven-professional-an-abusite-with-a-strategic-edge-at-fmbn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Zubaida Umar ta fara aikinta ne a Ofishin Gudanar da Biyan Najeriya, inda ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2006, ta shiga masana'antar jinginar gida tare da aikinta a Bankin jinginar gida na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN). A lokacin da ta kasance a FMBN, ta rike mukamai masu yawa, ta tashi daga Babban Manajan a ofishin Manajan Darakta zuwa Babban Darakta, Kudi da Ayyukan Kamfanoni.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR - Africa International Housing Show |url=https://africahousingshow.com/speaker/zubaida-umar/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Mortgage Bank approves 3,000 housing scheme for workers |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279968-federal-mortgage-bank-approves-3000-housing-scheme-for-workers.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Matsayinta sun hada da Mataimakin Janar Manajan Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci (2009-2011), Mataimakin Manajan Janar na Manufofin da Dabarun (2011-2013), Mai Kula da Yanki na [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], da Jihohin [[Neja|Nijar]] (2013-2016), Shugaban Kungiyar Sadarwar Kamfanoni (2018-2020), da Babban Manajan Yankin FCT (2020-2022). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta babban darakta na kudi da sabis na kamfanoni, matsayin da ta rike har sai an nada ta Babban Darakta na NEMA a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu appoints new NEMA DG |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/677917-tinubu-appoints-new-nema-dg.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Zubaida Umar 'yar [[Dangiwa Umar|Col. Dangiwa Umar]] ce, jami'in soja mai ritaya kuma tsohon Gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], wanda aka fi sani da goyon bayansa ga adalci da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Guest |date=2024-09-28 |title=A soldier of democracy |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-soldier-of-democracy/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifiyarta, [[commons:File:Mallam_Yahaya_Gusau.jpg|Mallam Yahaya Gusau]], sanannen shugaban Arewa ne wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko na [[Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin kafin ya zama Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da sake ginawa a lokacin gwamnatin Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-11-04 |title=YAHAYA, Alh Gusau |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-yahaya-gusau-obe-ofr-cfr/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=Remembering a humble public servant, Mallam Gusau, Shettiman Sokoto - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-a-humble-public-servant-mallam-gusau-shettiman-sokoto/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinta, marigayi Umar Waziri Gwandu, tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi ne na Tsohon [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] . An sanya sunan [[Birnin Kebbi]] na Tarayya don girmama shi. Zubaida ta auri Kashim Tumsah, lauya, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai karɓar girmamawar ƙasar Najeriya, memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter 1 |first=T. S. J. |date=2023-11-28 |title=Profile of Kashim Musa Tumsah appointed by President Tinubu to NNPCL board and management team |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073810/https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckson |first=Cara Gift |date=2023-11-28 |title=Meet Kashim Musa Tumsah, appointed to NNPCL board & management |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201162043/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tony Edeh]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] j88tt484fmq6tdrztibv9kqmcosjof1 890497 890496 2026-08-02T10:19:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 890497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zubaida Umar Abubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce ta Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Darakta Janar ta [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Najeriya)|Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa]] (NEMA),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yekeen |first=Akinwale |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as DG of NEMA |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> wadda [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar NEMA DG - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-nema-dg/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ita 'yar asalin [[Birnin Kebbi]] ce a [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasisi |first=Lanre |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu Appoints Umar As New NEMA DG |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/03/15/tinubu-appoints-umar-as-new-nema-dg/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okay.ng |date=2024-03-16 |title=Profile of Zubaida Umar, the New Director-General of NEMA • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/profile-of-zubaida-umar-the-new-director-general-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Zubaida Umar Abubakar a Najeriya a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977. Zubaida ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kasa da Kasa ta Essence a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] kafin ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Kasuwancin Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Robert Gordon a Scotland . Umar kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (CIBN), Ƙungiyar Masu Lissafi na Kasa na Najeriya (ANAN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (ICA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunrise |date=2024-03-16 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as NEMA DG |url=https://sunrise.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-nema-dg/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Sunrise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR: A Tactical Planner Takes Charge At NEMA – The Whistler Newspaper |url=https://thewhistler.ng/zubaida-umar-a-tactical-planner-takes-charge-at-nema/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-03-16 |title=Zubaida Umar: Executive Director FMBN appointed first female DG of NEMA |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/16/zubaida-umar-executive-director-fmbn-appointed-first-female-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Zubaida Umar: Savvy, innovative, result-driven professional, an abusite with a strategic edge at FMBN |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/zubaida-umar-savvy-innovative-result-driven-professional-an-abusite-with-a-strategic-edge-at-fmbn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Zubaida Umar ta fara aikinta ne a Ofishin Gudanar da Biyan Najeriya, inda ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2006, ta shiga masana'antar jinginar gida tare da aikinta a Bankin jinginar gida na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN). A lokacin da ta kasance a FMBN, ta rike mukamai masu yawa, ta tashi daga Babban Manajan a ofishin Manajan Darakta zuwa Babban Darakta, Kudi da Ayyukan Kamfanoni.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR - Africa International Housing Show |url=https://africahousingshow.com/speaker/zubaida-umar/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Mortgage Bank approves 3,000 housing scheme for workers |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279968-federal-mortgage-bank-approves-3000-housing-scheme-for-workers.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Matsayinta sun hada da Mataimakin Janar Manajan Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci (2009-2011), Mataimakin Manajan Janar na Manufofin da Dabarun (2011-2013), Mai Kula da Yanki na [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], da Jihohin [[Neja|Nijar]] (2013-2016), Shugaban Kungiyar Sadarwar Kamfanoni (2018-2020), da Babban Manajan Yankin FCT (2020-2022). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta babban darakta na kudi da sabis na kamfanoni, matsayin da ta rike har sai an nada ta Babban Darakta na NEMA a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu appoints new NEMA DG |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/677917-tinubu-appoints-new-nema-dg.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Zubaida Umar 'yar [[Dangiwa Umar|Col. Dangiwa Umar]] ce, jami'in soja mai ritaya kuma tsohon Gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], wanda aka fi sani da goyon bayansa ga adalci da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Guest |date=2024-09-28 |title=A soldier of democracy |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-soldier-of-democracy/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifiyarta, [[commons:File:Mallam_Yahaya_Gusau.jpg|Mallam Yahaya Gusau]], sanannen shugaban Arewa ne wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko na [[Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin kafin ya zama Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da sake ginawa a lokacin gwamnatin Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-11-04 |title=YAHAYA, Alh Gusau |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-yahaya-gusau-obe-ofr-cfr/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=Remembering a humble public servant, Mallam Gusau, Shettiman Sokoto - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-a-humble-public-servant-mallam-gusau-shettiman-sokoto/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinta, marigayi Umar Waziri Gwandu, tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi ne na Tsohon [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] . An sanya sunan [[Birnin Kebbi]] na Tarayya don girmama shi. Zubaida ta auri Kashim Tumsah, lauya, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai karɓar girmamawar ƙasar Najeriya, memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter 1 |first=T. S. J. |date=2023-11-28 |title=Profile of Kashim Musa Tumsah appointed by President Tinubu to NNPCL board and management team |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073810/https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckson |first=Cara Gift |date=2023-11-28 |title=Meet Kashim Musa Tumsah, appointed to NNPCL board & management |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201162043/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tony Edeh]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] iuybvvgtei5hh55rak0dvnnblwp660y 890498 890497 2026-08-02T10:20:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 890498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zubaida Umar Abubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce ta Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Darakta Janar ta [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Najeriya)|Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa]] (NEMA),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yekeen |first=Akinwale |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as DG of NEMA |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> wadda [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar NEMA DG - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-nema-dg/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ita 'yar asalin [[Birnin Kebbi]] ce a [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasisi |first=Lanre |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu Appoints Umar As New NEMA DG |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/03/15/tinubu-appoints-umar-as-new-nema-dg/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okay.ng |date=2024-03-16 |title=Profile of Zubaida Umar, the New Director-General of NEMA • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/profile-of-zubaida-umar-the-new-director-general-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Zubaida Umar Abubakar a Najeriya a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977. Zubaida ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kasa da Kasa ta Essence a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] kafin ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Kasuwancin Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Robert Gordon a Scotland . Umar kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (CIBN), Ƙungiyar Masu Lissafi na Kasa na Najeriya (ANAN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (ICA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunrise |date=2024-03-16 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as NEMA DG |url=https://sunrise.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-nema-dg/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Sunrise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR: A Tactical Planner Takes Charge At NEMA – The Whistler Newspaper |url=https://thewhistler.ng/zubaida-umar-a-tactical-planner-takes-charge-at-nema/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-03-16 |title=Zubaida Umar: Executive Director FMBN appointed first female DG of NEMA |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/16/zubaida-umar-executive-director-fmbn-appointed-first-female-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Zubaida Umar: Savvy, innovative, result-driven professional, an abusite with a strategic edge at FMBN |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/zubaida-umar-savvy-innovative-result-driven-professional-an-abusite-with-a-strategic-edge-at-fmbn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Zubaida Umar ta fara aikinta ne a Ofishin Gudanar da Biyan [[Najeriya]], inda ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2006, ta shiga masana'antar jinginar gida tare da aikinta a Bankin jinginar gida na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN). A lokacin da ta kasance a FMBN, ta rike mukamai masu yawa, ta tashi daga Babban Manajan a ofishin Manajan Darakta zuwa Babban Darakta, Kudi da Ayyukan Kamfanoni.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR - Africa International Housing Show |url=https://africahousingshow.com/speaker/zubaida-umar/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Mortgage Bank approves 3,000 housing scheme for workers |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279968-federal-mortgage-bank-approves-3000-housing-scheme-for-workers.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Matsayinta sun hada da Mataimakin Janar Manajan Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci (2009-2011), Mataimakin Manajan Janar na Manufofin da Dabarun (2011-2013), Mai Kula da Yanki na [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], da Jihohin [[Neja|Nijar]] (2013-2016), Shugaban Kungiyar Sadarwar Kamfanoni (2018-2020), da Babban Manajan Yankin FCT (2020-2022). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta babban darakta na kudi da sabis na kamfanoni, matsayin da ta rike har sai an nada ta Babban Darakta na NEMA a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu appoints new NEMA DG |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/677917-tinubu-appoints-new-nema-dg.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Zubaida Umar 'yar [[Dangiwa Umar|Col. Dangiwa Umar]] ce, jami'in soja mai ritaya kuma tsohon Gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], wanda aka fi sani da goyon bayansa ga adalci da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Guest |date=2024-09-28 |title=A soldier of democracy |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-soldier-of-democracy/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifiyarta, [[commons:File:Mallam_Yahaya_Gusau.jpg|Mallam Yahaya Gusau]], sanannen shugaban Arewa ne wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko na [[Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin kafin ya zama Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da sake ginawa a lokacin gwamnatin Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-11-04 |title=YAHAYA, Alh Gusau |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-yahaya-gusau-obe-ofr-cfr/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=Remembering a humble public servant, Mallam Gusau, Shettiman Sokoto - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-a-humble-public-servant-mallam-gusau-shettiman-sokoto/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinta, marigayi Umar Waziri Gwandu, tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi ne na Tsohon [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] . An sanya sunan [[Birnin Kebbi]] na Tarayya don girmama shi. Zubaida ta auri Kashim Tumsah, lauya, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai karɓar girmamawar ƙasar Najeriya, memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter 1 |first=T. S. J. |date=2023-11-28 |title=Profile of Kashim Musa Tumsah appointed by President Tinubu to NNPCL board and management team |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073810/https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckson |first=Cara Gift |date=2023-11-28 |title=Meet Kashim Musa Tumsah, appointed to NNPCL board & management |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201162043/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tony Edeh]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] oour8jgvzfrwolxqfncaiifusrcsq9m 890499 890498 2026-08-02T10:20:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 890499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zubaida Umar Abubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce ta Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Darakta Janar ta [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Najeriya)|Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa]] (NEMA),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yekeen |first=Akinwale |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as DG of NEMA |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> wadda [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar NEMA DG - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-nema-dg/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ita 'yar asalin [[Birnin Kebbi]] ce a [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasisi |first=Lanre |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu Appoints Umar As New NEMA DG |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/03/15/tinubu-appoints-umar-as-new-nema-dg/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okay.ng |date=2024-03-16 |title=Profile of Zubaida Umar, the New Director-General of NEMA • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/profile-of-zubaida-umar-the-new-director-general-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Zubaida Umar Abubakar a Najeriya a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977. Zubaida ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kasa da Kasa ta Essence a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] kafin ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Kasuwancin Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Robert Gordon a Scotland . Umar kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (CIBN), Ƙungiyar Masu Lissafi na Kasa na Najeriya (ANAN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (ICA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunrise |date=2024-03-16 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as NEMA DG |url=https://sunrise.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-nema-dg/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Sunrise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR: A Tactical Planner Takes Charge At NEMA – The Whistler Newspaper |url=https://thewhistler.ng/zubaida-umar-a-tactical-planner-takes-charge-at-nema/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-03-16 |title=Zubaida Umar: Executive Director FMBN appointed first female DG of NEMA |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/16/zubaida-umar-executive-director-fmbn-appointed-first-female-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Zubaida Umar: Savvy, innovative, result-driven professional, an abusite with a strategic edge at FMBN |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/zubaida-umar-savvy-innovative-result-driven-professional-an-abusite-with-a-strategic-edge-at-fmbn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Zubaida Umar ta fara aikinta ne a Ofishin Gudanar da Biyan [[Najeriya]], inda ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2006, ta shiga masana'antar jinginar gida tare da aikinta a Bankin jinginar gida na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN). A lokacin da ta kasance a FMBN, ta rike mukamai masu yawa, ta tashi daga Babban Manajan a ofishin Manajan Darakta zuwa Babban Darakta, Kudi da Ayyukan Kamfanoni.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR - Africa International Housing Show |url=https://africahousingshow.com/speaker/zubaida-umar/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Mortgage Bank approves 3,000 housing scheme for workers |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279968-federal-mortgage-bank-approves-3000-housing-scheme-for-workers.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Matsayinta sun hada da Mataimakin Janar Manajan Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci (2009-2011), Mataimakin Manajan Janar na Manufofin da Dabarun (2011-2013), Mai Kula da Yanki na [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], da Jihohin [[Neja|Nijar]] (2013-2016), Shugaban Kungiyar Sadarwar Kamfanoni (2018-2020), da Babban Manajan Yankin FCT (2020-2022). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta babban darakta na kudi da sabis na kamfanoni, matsayin da ta rike har sai an nada ta Babban Darakta na NEMA a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu appoints new NEMA DG |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/677917-tinubu-appoints-new-nema-dg.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Zubaida Umar 'yar [[Dangiwa Umar|Col. Dangiwa Umar]] ce, jami'in soja mai ritaya kuma tsohon Gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], wanda aka fi sani da goyon bayansa ga adalci da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Guest |date=2024-09-28 |title=A soldier of democracy |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-soldier-of-democracy/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifiyarta, [[commons:File:Mallam_Yahaya_Gusau.jpg|Mallam Yahaya Gusau]], sanannen shugaban Arewa ne wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko na [[Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin kafin ya zama Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da sake ginawa a lokacin gwamnatin Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-11-04 |title=YAHAYA, Alh Gusau |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-yahaya-gusau-obe-ofr-cfr/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=Remembering a humble public servant, Mallam Gusau, Shettiman Sokoto - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-a-humble-public-servant-mallam-gusau-shettiman-sokoto/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinta, marigayi Umar Waziri Gwandu, tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi ne na Tsohon [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] . An sanya sunan [[Birnin Kebbi]] na Tarayya don girmama shi. Zubaida ta auri Kashim Tumsah, lauya, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai karɓar girmamawar ƙasar Najeriya, memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter 1 |first=T. S. J. |date=2023-11-28 |title=Profile of Kashim Musa Tumsah appointed by President Tinubu to NNPCL board and management team |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073810/https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckson |first=Cara Gift |date=2023-11-28 |title=Meet Kashim Musa Tumsah, appointed to NNPCL board & management |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201162043/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tony Edeh]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8fa1ptilg4890s48wcnutla3nrte5o3 890500 890499 2026-08-02T10:21:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 890500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zubaida Umar Abubakar''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce ta Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Darakta Janar ta [[Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Kasa (Najeriya)|Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Kasa]] (NEMA),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yekeen |first=Akinwale |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as DG of NEMA |url=https://www.thecable.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> wadda [[Bola Tinubu|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] ya nada a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar NEMA DG - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-nema-dg/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=dailytrust.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. Ita 'yar asalin [[Birnin Kebbi]] ce a [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasisi |first=Lanre |date=2024-03-15 |title=Tinubu Appoints Umar As New NEMA DG |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/03/15/tinubu-appoints-umar-as-new-nema-dg/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okay.ng |date=2024-03-16 |title=Profile of Zubaida Umar, the New Director-General of NEMA • Okay.ng |url=https://www.okay.ng/profile-of-zubaida-umar-the-new-director-general-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Okay.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Zubaida Umar Abubakar a Najeriya a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1977. Zubaida ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kasa da Kasa ta Essence a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] kafin ta yi karatun Gudanar da Kasuwanci a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]] . Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a Kasuwancin Duniya daga Makarantar Kasuwancin Jami'ar Robert Gordon a Scotland . Umar kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Yarjejeniyar Bankuna ta Najeriya (CIBN), Ƙungiyar Masu Lissafi na Kasa na Najeriya (ANAN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kudin (ICA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunrise |date=2024-03-16 |title=Tinubu appoints Zubaida Umar as NEMA DG |url=https://sunrise.ng/tinubu-appoints-zubaida-umar-as-nema-dg/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Sunrise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR: A Tactical Planner Takes Charge At NEMA – The Whistler Newspaper |url=https://thewhistler.ng/zubaida-umar-a-tactical-planner-takes-charge-at-nema/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-03-16 |title=Zubaida Umar: Executive Director FMBN appointed first female DG of NEMA |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/03/16/zubaida-umar-executive-director-fmbn-appointed-first-female-dg-of-nema/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-25 |title=Zubaida Umar: Savvy, innovative, result-driven professional, an abusite with a strategic edge at FMBN |url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/zubaida-umar-savvy-innovative-result-driven-professional-an-abusite-with-a-strategic-edge-at-fmbn/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Zubaida Umar ta fara aikinta ne a Ofishin Gudanar da Biyan [[Najeriya]], inda ta yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A shekara ta 2006, ta shiga masana'antar jinginar gida tare da aikinta a Bankin jinginar gida na Tarayya na Najeriya (FMBN). A lokacin da ta kasance a FMBN, ta rike mukamai masu yawa, ta tashi daga Babban Manajan a ofishin Manajan Darakta zuwa Babban Darakta, Kudi da Ayyukan Kamfanoni.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZUBAIDA UMAR - Africa International Housing Show |url=https://africahousingshow.com/speaker/zubaida-umar/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Mortgage Bank approves 3,000 housing scheme for workers |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279968-federal-mortgage-bank-approves-3000-housing-scheme-for-workers.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Matsayinta sun hada da Mataimakin Janar Manajan Gudanar da Harkokin Kasuwanci (2009-2011), Mataimakin Manajan Janar na Manufofin da Dabarun (2011-2013), Mai Kula da Yanki na [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], da Jihohin [[Neja|Nijar]] (2013-2016), Shugaban Kungiyar Sadarwar Kamfanoni (2018-2020), da Babban Manajan Yankin FCT (2020-2022). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta babban darakta na kudi da sabis na kamfanoni, matsayin da ta rike har sai an nada ta Babban Darakta na NEMA a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinubu appoints new NEMA DG |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/677917-tinubu-appoints-new-nema-dg.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Premium Times}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Zubaida Umar 'yar [[Dangiwa Umar|Col. Dangiwa Umar]] ce, jami'in soja mai ritaya kuma tsohon Gwamnan [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], wanda aka fi sani da goyon bayansa ga adalci da dimokuradiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Guest |date=2024-09-28 |title=A soldier of democracy |url=https://www.thecable.ng/a-soldier-of-democracy/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifiyarta, [[commons:File:Mallam_Yahaya_Gusau.jpg|Mallam Yahaya Gusau]], sanannen shugaban Arewa ne wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ilimi da ci gaban al'umma. Ya kasance daya daga cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na farko na [[Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya tashi zuwa matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin kafin ya zama Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da sake ginawa a lokacin gwamnatin Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-11-04 |title=YAHAYA, Alh Gusau |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/alhaji-yahaya-gusau-obe-ofr-cfr/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-25 |title=Remembering a humble public servant, Mallam Gusau, Shettiman Sokoto - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-a-humble-public-servant-mallam-gusau-shettiman-sokoto/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakan mahaifinta, marigayi Umar Waziri Gwandu, tsohon Kwamishinan Ilimi ne na Tsohon [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] . An sanya sunan [[Birnin Kebbi]] na Tarayya don girmama shi. Zubaida ta auri Kashim Tumsah, lauya, diflomasiyya, ɗan kasuwa, kuma mai karɓar girmamawar ƙasar [[Najeriya]], memba na Order of the Federal Republic (MFR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter 1 |first=T. S. J. |date=2023-11-28 |title=Profile of Kashim Musa Tumsah appointed by President Tinubu to NNPCL board and management team |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073810/https://thestreetjournal.org/profile-of-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-by-president-tinubu-to-nnpcl-board-and-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Luckson |first=Cara Gift |date=2023-11-28 |title=Meet Kashim Musa Tumsah, appointed to NNPCL board & management |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201162043/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/11/28/meet-kashim-musa-tumsah-appointed-to-nnpcl-board-management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tony Edeh]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kebbi]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4qs9zm50cw13eh63wm33x7kvujifl0f 0 91723 890336 867242 2026-08-01T22:01:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vivian Onano''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1991) 'yar gwagwarmaya ce ta Afirka kuma 'yar kasuwan zamantakewa daga ƙasar [[Kenya]] wacce ke ba da shawarar ilimin 'ya'ya mata da kawo ƙarshen auren yara a Afirka. Ita ce ta kafa kuma darekta na Leading Light Initiative, kungiyar da ke da nufin kawar da talauci ta hanyar samar da damammaki da ya dace da matasa, mata, da naƙasassu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Leadership Series |url=https://teachforall.org/africa-leadership-series |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Teach For All |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-15 |title=Vivian Onano - Global Citizen Forum |url=https://www.globalcitizenforum.org/speakers2/vivian-onano/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Global Citizen Forum |language=en-CA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivian Onano |url=https://womendeliver.org/classmember/vivian-onano/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Women Deliver |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-09 |title=Kenyan Vivian Onano promotes girls access to education |url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/260434/Kenyan-Vivian-Onano-promotes-girls-access-to-education |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> == Ilimi == Vivian ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Carthage a Kenosha, Wisconsin <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bisciglia |first=Sandra |date=2016-02-16 |title=Vivian Onano ’14 speaks on “The Power of a Dream” TODAY |url=https://www.carthage.edu/live/news/9522-vivian-onano-14-speaks-on-the-power-of-a-dream |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Carthage College |language=en}}</ref> inda ta sami digiri kuma ta ci gaba da karatunta ta hanyar samun Jagoran Harkokin Jama'a daga Sciences Po a [[Faris|Paris]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-20 |title=The Role of Education in Upholding Universal Values |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/fr/evenements/the-role-of-education-in-upholding-universal-values |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Sciences Po |language=fr}}</ref> Ilimin iliminta ya ba ta ilimi da ƙwarewar da ake bukata don magance ƙalubale masu rikitarwa na zamantakewa da ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivian Onano |url=https://www.wise-qatar.org/biography/vivian-onano/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=WISE |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivian Onano {{!}} Eurafrican Forum |url=https://www.eurafricanforum.org/contributors-2022/vivian-onano/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == An naɗa Vivian mai ba da shawara ga Matasa ga Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] daga shekarun 2014 zuwa 2016. A cikin shekara ta 2019, an naɗa ta a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga matasa ga Rahoton Kula da Ilimi na Duniya na [[UNESCO]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-17 |title=26th Session of the Youth Assembly Virtual |url=https://www.gcedclearinghouse.org/ru/node/81356?language=ru |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=GCED Clearinghouse |language=ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Women Experts |url=http://africawomenexperts.com/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=africawomenexperts.com |archive-date=2024-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418015457/http://www.africawomenexperts.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita mamba ce a Majalisar Matasa ta Matasa ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, mai ba da shawara ga Concordia Afirka, kuma mataimakiyar Shugabar Global. Asusun ƙarfafa Matasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivian Onano |url=https://www.concordia.net/community/vivian-onano/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Concordia |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fvivianonano%2F%3Figsh%3DMzRlODBiNWFlZA%253D%253D&is_from_rle |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> Kwarewarta ta kai ga yin magana da jama'a kan muhimman batutuwan duniya kamar ilimi, [[daidaiton jinsi]], ƙarfafa matasa, da ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa. Ta gabatar da jawabai masu tasiri a Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, Dandalin Ba da Agajin Gaggawa na Duniya, Taron Shekara-shekara [[Bankin shigowa da fitar da kaya na Afrika|na Afreximbank]], Dandalin Duniya na Reykjavik, Dandalin Kasuwancin Afirka, Dandalin Yankunan Mata na Afirka na Forbes, Babban Taron Innovation na Duniya don Ilimi, Taron Concordia, Dandalin EurAfrican da kuma Clinton Global Initiative. . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-05 |title=Vivian Onano is on top of the world at only 24 |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/vivian-onano-is-on-top-of-the-world-at-only-24--1118060 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth Flash March 2015 {{!}} United Nations For Youth |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/youth-flash-march-2015.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onano |first=Vivian |date=2020-10-09 |title=Just 2% of the poorest rural girls complete secondary education |url=https://africanarguments.org/2020/10/just-2-of-the-poorest-rural-girls-complete-secondary-education/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=African Arguments |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-13 |title=Vivian Onano & Talimka Yordanova attend the Global Citizen Forum’s... |url=https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/vivian-onano-talimka-yordanova-attend-the-global-citizen-news-photo/1358779427 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Getty Images |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Young People Must Be at Centre of Sustainable Development Agenda, Speakers Say, as General Assembly Marks Anniversary of World Programme of Action for Youth {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://press.un.org/en/2015/ga11648.doc.htm |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=press.un.org |archive-date=2024-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417151800/https://press.un.org/en/2015/ga11648.doc.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonnella-Platts |first=Natalie |date=2018-10-06 |title=African first ladies leading the way |url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2018/oct/06/african-first-ladies-leading-the-way/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Las Vegas Sun}}</ref> Har ila yau, Vivian ta raba ra'ayoyinta ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen da aka buga a cikin shahararrun kafofin watsa labaru a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onano |first=Vivian |date=2016-10-11 |title=Vivian Onano: We each have a role to play in achieving gender equality |url=https://world-education-blog.org/2016/10/11/vivian-onano-we-each-have-a-role-to-play-in-achieving-gender-equality/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=World Education Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-12 |title=Voices of Hope: A Conversation with Youth Activist Vivian Onano |url=https://www.bushcenter.org/publications/voices-of-hope-a-conversation-with-youth-activist-vivian-onano/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=George W. Bush Presidential Center |language=en}}</ref> Gudunmawar da ta bayar sun taka rawar gani wajen zaburar da ra'ayoyin matasa a lokacin da aka tsara manufofin ci gaba mai ɗorewa a shekarar 2015. Ta riƙe muƙamai a matsayin mamba memba a DUKE Corporate Education, hukumar gudanarwa na Nutrition International, hukumar gudanarwa na Flying Kites, da kuma memba na African Women Leadership Network. An karrama ta a matsayin 2024 Matashiya ta Jagoranci na Cibiyar Duniya ta Nizami Ganjavi a [[Azerbaijan]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C3ZwUVdtHrf/?igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==) |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaila Khan Leekha and Vivian Onano join Nutrition International Board of Directors |url=https://www.nutritionintl.org/news/all-news/shaila-khan-leekha-and-vivian-onano-join-nutrition-international-board-of-directors/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Nutrition International |language=en-CA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.flyingkites.org/board |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=flying kites |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417164523/https://www.flyingkites.org/board |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Karramawa == An karrama ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane 100 da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 40 a shekarar 2022, kuma a shekarar 2016 ta fito a cikin New African Woman Magazine's "30 Under 30 Faces Changing Africa Now." Har ila yau, Forbes Woman Africa ta bayyana ta a matsayin "One to watch. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Women Experts |url=http://africawomenexperts.com/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=africawomenexperts.com |archive-date=2024-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418015457/http://www.africawomenexperts.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivian Onano {{!}} HuffPost |url=https://www.huffpost.com/author/vivian-onano |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.huffpost.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=abby |date=2017-07-19 |title=98. Vivian Onano – GC4W Top 100 Women in the World. - Global Connections for Women |url=https://gc4women.org/2017/07/19/98-vivian-onano-gc4w-top-100-women-world/,%20https://gc4women.org/2017/07/19/98-vivian-onano-gc4w-top-100-women-world/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CxnjD1bN9C8/?igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA== |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> == Kyauta == An bata kyautar 2017 Sabuwar Matar Afurka Mai Girma <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-15 |title=Meet the winners of the New African Woman Awards |url=http://www.nanews.net/news/meet-the-new-african-woman-awards-winners/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Nordic Africa News |language=en}}</ref> 2016 MTV "An Sake Tunanin Afirka" Kyautar Matasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivian Onano Archives |url=https://zimbuzz.co.zw/tag/vivian-onano/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=ZIMBUZZ |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=abby |date=2017-07-19 |title=98. Vivian Onano – GC4W Top 100 Women in the World. - Global Connections for Women |url=https://gc4women.org/2017/07/19/98-vivian-onano-gc4w-top-100-women-world/,%20https://gc4women.org/2017/07/19/98-vivian-onano-gc4w-top-100-women-world/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 2015 Misis Michelle Obama lambar yabo ta "Bari 'yan mata su koya" ta MORE Magazine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-29 |title=Remarks by The First Lady at More Magazine Impact Awards |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/06/29/remarks-first-lady-more-magazine-impact-awards |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=whitehouse.gov |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t8imfsq5sn8vznj28anp4ruy95x102h 0 93528 890141 588983 2026-08-01T13:52:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890141 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Teresa Rebull''', née '''Teresa Soler da Pi''' (1919-2015), ta kasance mai fafutukar gurguzu na Catalonia, mawaƙiya kuma [[Painting|mai zane]]. Yarinyar anarcho-syndicalists {{Interlanguage link|Gonçal Soler i Bernabeu|ca}} da Balbina Pi da Sanllehy, ta shiga POUM kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain . Ta shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a ranakun Mayu kuma an hukunta ta saboda hakan. Daga baya ta tsere daga Spain, inda za ta iya fuskantar haɗari daga Stalinists da Francoists, ga Faransa. A Faransa, za ta shiga Maquis bayan mamayar Nazi. Bayan yakin, ta zama mawaƙa kuma an haɗa ta da Nova Cançó . == Tarihin rayuwa == === Yaronta === An haifi Teresa Rebull a Carrer de Cellers, a cikin unguwar Gràcia ta Sabadell a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1919, kodayake Registry ta yi kuskure ta bayyana cewa an haife ta a ranar 24 ga Satumba. [1] Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 3, iyalin suka tafi zama a Sant Boi na Llobregat, inda aka haifi' yar'uwarta, Llibertat, a shekarar 1922.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A shekara ta 1924 sun zauna a Alkoy, inda aka haifi 'yar'uwarta ta biyu, Assutzena.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Sun tafi zama a [[Barcelona]], a La Bordeta da kuma a Sant Boi kuma, kafin su koma Barcelona. Sun zauna a kan Carrer de la Diputació, inda ta ga yawancin shugabannin kungiyar kwadago na lokacin da ke wucewa.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Daga 1930 zuwa 1936, iyalin suka koma Sabadell, inda suka zauna a gidaje daban-daban.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Ta tafi makarantar Mista Estruch, a kan Carrer del Sol, kuma a makarantar ma'aurata Carme Simó da {{Interlanguage link|Enric Casassas|ca|Enric Casassas i Cantó}}.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A shekara ta 1931, lokacin da take 'yar shekara 12, Teresa ta fara aiki a masana'antar masana'antu, don haka dole ne ta yi karatu da maraice, da farko a Tarayyar Jamhuriyar Tarayya sannan kuma a Cibiyar Dependents.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}}{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} === Lokacin Jamhuriyar Republican === Mahaifiyarta abokiyar Shugaba Lluis Companys ce kuma a cikin 1936 Teresa ta sami aiki a matsayin sakatariya a sashen ma'aikata na Generalitat de Catalunya.[9]{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Tare da wannan sabon aikin, ta zauna a cikin wani gida a kan Carrer de Sant Pau a Barcelona, inda ta sadu da Manolo Maurin, Josep Rebull da sauran mayakan jam'iyyar Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), inda ta zama memba a 1936.[11] A ranar 19 ga Yulin 1936, ta zauna a Sabadell don aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya, amma ba da daɗewa ba ta koma Barcelona kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a Ma'aikatar Kwadago.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Saboda ranakun Mayu na 1937, iyayenta - wadanda kwanan nan suka zauna a Barcelona - an tilasta musu barin gida saboda bambance-bambance na siyasa da kwaminisanci.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru, ta kwashe kwanaki 8 a gidan yarin Via Laietana, amma an sake ta saboda godiya ga shiga tsakani na kwaminisanci Rafael Vidiella.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}}{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Iyayenta da 'yan uwanta mata sun ɓoye a Palafolls.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Rikicin kusan yana nufin ƙarshen POUM kuma ya taɓa shi sosai: An kashe shugaban POUM Andreu Nin kuma Teresa ta kalli abokinta Manolo Maurin ta mutu a gado a Asibitin Sant Pau a Barcelona. {{Sfn|Prat Fernàndez|2015}}{{Sfn|Torres|2007}} === Ayyukan Franco da gudun hijira === Da zarar an rushe POUM kuma bayan ganin abokan aikinta sun mutu, a cikin bazara na 1939, ta gudu zuwa Vic - inda ta sadu da abokin aikinta, {{Interlanguage link|Josep Rebull Cabré{{!}}Pep Rebull|ca|Josep Rebull Cabré}} . Daga nan sai ta haye Pyrenees zuwa Arewacin Catalonia, kafin ta tashi daga Perpignan zuwa [[Faris|Paris]], inda ta zauna a Bezons tare da Pep Rebull .{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A shekara ta 1940, ta koma Barcelona a takaice, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa a kamfanin flamenco kuma inda ta kuma yi aiki a wani shago a Mercat de Gràcia . {{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A shekara ta 1941, ta haye iyaka da ƙafa don sake haduwa a Paris tare da Pep Rebull, wanda bai iya dawowa ba saboda an same shi. Teresa kuma ta koma Barcelona don tallafa wa mahaifinta, wanda aka daure shi.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ta sake tsallaka iyaka da dare tare da fil biyu. Ta tafi daga Figueres zuwa [[Aljir|Algiers]] kuma ta zauna a [[Marseille]], daga inda ta sami damar yin ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] godiya ga Kwamitin Amurka don Taimaka wa Masu Ilimi Masu Shige da Fice.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Amma tana da ciki kuma ta zauna a Marseille, inda ta yi abota da masu ilimin Faransa kamar André Breton da Jean Malaquais.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1942, an haifi ɗanta na fari, Daniel, a Regussa, inda ta yi aiki tare da Maquis waɗanda suka ɓoye a cikin gandun daji na Pelenc kuma inda suka zauna har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin. {{Sfn|Torres|2007}}{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A ranar 29 ga Yulin 1945, an haifi ɗansu na biyu, Germinal, a Marseille, inda suka zauna har zuwa 1948.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Iyalin sun zauna a Paris, a cikin 11th arrondissement. A can, Teresa ta yi abota da Jean Paul Sartre, Albert Camus da Georges Brassens, sun gano Juliette Gréco, Boris Vian, Mario Vargas Llosa da Jorge Luis Borges.{{Sfn|Torres|2007}} Ta kuma shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a {{Interlanguage link|Casal de Catalunya de Paris|ca}} , inda ta raira waƙa a Orpheon kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo da rawa.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A shekara ta 1950, ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Spain a gudun hijira.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Ta yi ayyuka daban-daban don tsira: mai yin takalma, mai rawa a cikin ballet La Bella de Cádiz da mawaƙa Luis Mariano, mai sayar da 'ya'yan itace, mai fassara waƙoƙin gargajiya na Iberian, da sauransu.{{Sfn|Torres|2007}} A shekara ta 1952, 'yar'uwarta Assutzena ta tafi Paris kuma tare suka kafa duo, Les Seurs Soler, wanda har zuwa ƙarshen shekaru goma ya raira waƙoƙi daga al'adu daban-daban na tsibirin kuma ya yi aiki tare da Brassens, Yves Montand, Leny Escudero, Patachou, da sauransu.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Daga 1961 zuwa 1967, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa ga mujallu Preuves da Cuadernos - ƙwararre a cikin batutuwa a Latin Amurka - kuma ta shiga hulɗa da yawancin malaman Faransa da Kudancin Amurka.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}}{{Sfn|Torres|2007}} A wannan lokacin, ta fara karɓar darussan zane a gidan André Michael, aikin da ba za ta daina yin ba har sai mutuwarsa.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A shekara ta 1967, ta fara aiki a Regne Renault, amma ba ta daɗe a can ba.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} === Sabuwar Waƙar === A shekara ta 1968, ta sadu da Raimon a birnin Paris kuma Rebull ta sami mujallu inda ta yi aiki don yin hira da shi.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A bikin littafin da Casal de Catalunya ta shirya, tare da Raimon, Maria Aurèlia Capmany da {{Interlanguage link|Guillermina Motta|ca|Guillermina Motta i Cardona}} a cikin halarta, Teresa Rebull ta raira waƙa biyu.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Amma wasan kwaikwayo na farko da ta bayar shi ne na kai tsaye a Place de la Contrescarpe, a cikin gundumar Bohemian na Moufetard a Paris, inda wasu matasa suka nemi ta yi.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Daga can, ta fara gudanar da kide-kide don kare Harshen Catalan da [[Catalan culture|al'adu]] har zuwa 1980.{{Sfn|Prat Fernàndez|2016}} Daga 1955, dangin Rebull sun yi bazara a Banyuls de la Marenda, don kasancewa kusa da iyaka. A shekara ta 1969, Art February ya faru a La Guingueta d'Ix, inda ta raira waƙa tare da Lluís Llach, {{Interlanguage link|Francesc Pi de la Serra|ca|Francesc Pi de la Serra i Valero}} , Ovidi Montllor, Maria del Mar Bonet da {{Interlanguage link|Miquel Cors|ca}} , da sauransu. Ita ce hulɗarta ta farko da ƙungiyar Nova Cançó kuma, kamar yadda ta riga ta kai shekaru 50 kuma sahabbansa suna da ƙuruciya sosai, ta sami sunan soyayya na Avia de la Nova Cançó (Turanci: Kakar Sabuwar Waƙar). {{Sfn|Rebull|1999}}{{Sfn|Torres|2007}} Ta raira waƙa na ɗan lokaci a {{Interlanguage link|Cova del Drac|ca}} a Barcelona, inda ta sadu da {{Interlanguage link|Guillem d'Efak|ca|Guillem Fullana i Hada d'Efak}} .{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} A Faransa, ta shiga da'irar Maison de la Jeunesse et la Culture kuma ta yi aiki a kusan dukkanin sassan hexagon.[35] Ta daina raira waƙa a cikin 1980, kawai tana yin wasa-lokaci.{{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Koyaya, a ranar 6 ga Yulin 2006, Òmnium Cultural ta shirya kide-kide na haraji a Palau de la Música Catalana, inda ba ta taɓa yin wasan ba har sai lokacin.{{Sfn|Prat Fernàndez|2016}} An samar da CD Visca l'amor daga kide-kide. Ta kasance tare da ƙungiyar abokai, ciki har da Lluís Llach, Maria del Mar Bonet, {{Interlanguage link|Joan Isaac|ca}} , {{Interlanguage link|Blues de Picolat|ca}} , {{Interlanguage link|Gisela Bellsolà|ca}} , {{Interlanguage link|Josep Tero|ca}} , Mariona Segarra ko {{Interlanguage link|Gerard Jacquet|ca}} .{{Sfn|Torres|2007}} === Shekaru na ƙarshe === Daga 1969 zuwa 1985, ta halarci kowace shekara a Jami'ar bazara ta Catalonia a Prada de Conflent . {{Sfn|Rebull|1999}} Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Socialists ta Catalonia (PSC) kuma ta kasance memba har zuwa shekara ta 2006.{{Sfn|Prat Fernàndez|2015}} An kafa ta a Banyuls tun 1971 - lokacin da Pep Rebull ta yi ritaya - ta shafe 'yan shekarun da suka gabata tana zanen gida da halartar abubuwan da aka nema ta. Ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2015, tana da shekaru 95. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Jordi |date=15 April 2015 |title=Mor la cantautora Teresa Rebull |url=https://www.naciodigital.cat/noticia/85734/mor/cantautora/teresa/rebull/95/anys |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=[[Nació Digital]] |language=ca}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Teresa Rebull ta saita waƙoƙin kiɗa ta Joan Salvat-Papasseit (Master of Love, 1977), {{Interlanguage link|Josep Sebastià Pons|ca}} (Camí de l'argilada, 1986) da Maria Mercè Marçal, da sauransu. A shekara ta 1999, ta wallafa Tot cantante, tarihin rayuwarta. A shekara ta 2000, ta fitar da kundin Tot cantitan kuma a shekara ta 2006, Visca l'amor, wanda ya ɗauki sunan waka mai suna, wanda aka haɗa a cikin kundin, ta Joan Salvat-Papasseit . ; Tarihin kansa * Dukkanin mawaƙa (1999) ; Bayanan da aka yi * ''Teresa Rebull'' (EP, Concèntric, 1969). * ''Teresa Rebull ta rera waƙoƙinta''. A cikin 4 Winds, 1973. * ''Mester d'amor / Joan Salvat Papasseit'' (LP, Drums, 1977) * ''Kayan zuma... da ƙari'' (LP, Picap, 1984). * ''Hanyar laka'' (1986) * ''Waƙoƙin da aka fi sani da Catalan'' (Terra nostra, 2002). * ''Teresa Rebull. Waƙoƙi, 1969-1992'' (Waƙoƙin Arewa-Kudanci, 2004) (Waƙoƙin Arewa da Kudu, 2004) * ''Yana da ƙauna. Bikin girmamawa ga Teresa Rebull'' (Picap, 2006) (A cikin littafin nan Picap, 2006) * ''Papallones da sauransu...'' (A cikin littafin nan Pica, 2008) * ''Teresa Rebull ta rera waƙoƙinta'' (Picap, 2012). == Kyaututtuka da yabo == Teresa Rebull, a gaban zanen karshe da ta zana. * 1977: Kyautar Charles-Cros don kundin ta Mester d'amor . * 1992: Cross na Sant Jordi. * 2006: Òmnium Cultural ta shirya haraji don girmama ta a ranar 6 ga Yuli a Palau de la Música Catalana, inda ta sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo a karo na farko tun lokacin da ta yi ritaya.{{Sfn|Torres|2007}} * 2007: {{Interlanguage link|Francesc Macià Memorial Award|ca|Premi Memorial Francesc Macià}} , don kare harshen Catalan da al'adu. * Majalisar Birnin Sabadell ta gabatar da ita da Medal of the City.{{Sfn|Prat Fernàndez|2016}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miralles |first=Xavi |date=15 April 2015 |title=Joan Carles Sánchez admet "un sentiment de deure" amb la figura de Teresa Rebull |url=http://www.radiosabadell.fm/Noticies/Joan-Carles-Sanchez-admet-un-sentiment-de-deure-amb-la-figura-de-Teresa-Rebull |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084341/http://www.radiosabadell.fm/Noticies/Joan-Carles-Sanchez-admet-un-sentiment-de-deure-amb-la-figura-de-Teresa-Rebull |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=Ràdio Sabadell |language=ca}}</ref> == manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Bayanan littattafai ==   == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/44f5193a-1d9f-4597-83cc-45e647f30eb7 Waƙoƙin BBC] * [https://libcom.org/history/teresa-rebull-dead-age-30-%E2%80%93-pepe-guti%C3%A9rrez Libcom.org] * [https://albokari2.wordpress.com/2008/11/29/the-beginnings-of-the-spanish-songwriting-and-protest-song/ Albokari2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124114329/https://albokari2.wordpress.com/2008/11/29/the-beginnings-of-the-spanish-songwriting-and-protest-song/ |date=2025-01-24 }} * [http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/ocio-y-cultura/teresa-rebull-memoria-canco-4104081 Jaridar Catalonia] [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] lh84jm6ktow3wrhwfsi9qavk09qhnsi 0 93641 890223 612778 2026-08-01T16:27:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890223 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Tomislav Jakić (an haife shi 23 ga watan Maris 1943, Zagreb ) ɗan jaridar Croatia ne, mai ba da rahoto na TV kuma tsohon mai ba da shawara ga shugaban Croatian na 2 Stjepan Mesić . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Tomislav Jakić a ranar 23 ga Maris shekarar alif dubu daya da ɗari tara da arba'in da ukku1943 a Zagreb, Jihar Croatia mai zaman kanta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin gwamnati ne kuma mahaifiyarsa malama ce ta harshen Jamus. Ya kashe farkon rayuwarsa a Zagreb kuma ya sauke karatu daga Faculty of Law, Jami'ar Zagreb . Kafin ya sauke karatu daga jami'a, ya yanke shawarar shiga TV aikin jarida da kuma a 1966 ya shiga cikin Yugoslavia Radio Television (JRT). Da farko, ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na ɗan lokaci amma a hankali ya zama ɗan jarida na TV kuma daga baya ya zama mai ba da rahoto game da manufofin kasashen waje. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa na farko shine rahoto game da Yaƙin Yom Kippur a 1973 lokacin da ya tafi [[Misra|Masar]] kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatan labarai na TV na farko da suka shiga Sinai . A cikin 1980s ya tafi wani taron karawa juna sani na 'yan jarida a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] kuma shine dan jarida na farko na gidan talabijin na kasashen waje da ya shiga sansanin NORAD na karkashin kasa a cikin Dutsen Rocky . A cikin 1979, ya gudanar da tattaunawa a [[Vienna]] damar da za ta ba da rahoto a hankali game da rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar SALT II wanda ya kamata a kebe shi kawai don ma'aikatan TV na Amurka da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet]] amma Jakić ya sami damar hada da ma'aikatan Yugoslavia . Saboda kyakkyawan iliminsa na harshen Jamusanci, ya kasance mai ba da rahoto na yau da kullum daga [[Austriya|Austria]], [[Yammacin Jamus|Jamus ta Yamma]] da Jamus ta Gabas . <ref name="'ljevak.hr">{{Cite web |last=Izrada web trgovine dimedia.hr |title=Nisam zavijao s vukovima - Tomislav Jakić - Knjiga &#124; Knjižara Ljevak |url=http://www.ljevak.hr/knjige/knjiga-8046/ |access-date=15 September 2016 |website=Ljevak.hr}}</ref> Yin aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto a JRT a cikin 1960s, Jakić ya ƙi shiga Ƙungiyar Kwaminisanci na Croatia wanda ba abu ne na kowa ba. Ya shafe shi wajen yin aikinsa. An dakatar da shi daga yin rahoto game da manyan 'yan siyasar Yugoslavia (musamman Tito ) kuma an cire shi daga labaran da suka shafi fita daga kasar. Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru, an ba shi damar yin rahotanni a wajen kasar amma an dakatar da shi daga Tito. An ba Jakić damar ba da rahoto kan Tito sau biyu kawai. Da zarar ya bi shi a Ostiriya kuma a karo na biyu a [[Holand|Netherlands]] . A cikin 1970s, UDBA 'yan sandan sirri na Yugoslavia sun kusanci Jakić. An nemi ya sanar da su tafiye-tafiyen da ya yi a kasashen waje amma ya ki. Na dan wani lokaci yana fuskantar matsin lamba amma daga bisani suka mara masa baya. == Daga baya aiki == A ƙarshen 1980s, ya zama editan shirin labarai a JRT. A cikin 1990, bayan zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin Croatia na farko, Franjo Tuđman ya hau kan karagar mulki a matsayin shugaban kasa. An nemi Jakić ya zama babban mai ba da rahoto kan ziyarar Tuđman a Amurka da [[Kanada]] a cikin kaka na wannan shekarar. Jakić ya ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru da yawa da ke hade da magoya bayan Ustaše a lokacin wannan yawon shakatawa, ciki har da wanda Franjo Tuđman ya kusan gudanar da jawabi a karkashin hoton Ante Pavelić a Kanada. <ref name="'jutarnji.hr">{{Cite web |date=6 November 2010 |title=Tuđman je tražio da uz Pavelića stave sliku Tita |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/tudman-je-trazio-da-uz-pavelica-stave-sliku-tita/1891029/ |access-date=3 April 2017 |website=Jutarnji.hr}}</ref> Bayan ya dawo daga yawon shakatawa, Jakić ya fara shaida tabarbarewar gidan talabijin nasa wanda ya zo karkashin mulkin sabuwar gwamnati kuma daga baya ya sake masa suna HRT . Da farko dai an kori duk wani ma'aikacin Sabiya ko kuma ma'aikatan da suka hada da aure tare da hana su shiga tashar. Bayan haka, duk ma'aikatan da ba su goyi bayan Tuđman da sabon tsarin mulki ba kuma an kori su kuma an hana su. Jakić ya soki sabon tsarin mulki na hannun dama. A 1992, ya bar aikinsa a HRT. A 1995 ya koma [[Prag|Prague]] kuma ya fara aiki da Rediyo Free Turai . Ya ba da rahoto game da Croatia da Yaƙin Independence na Croatian . Ya rubuta labarai game da laifukan yaƙi na Croatia a cikin Operation Storm . Ba da da ewa ba ya koma Croatia inda ya kasa samun aiki na wani lokaci. A lokacin, Silvije Degen ya gayyace shi don shiga Social Democratic Action na Croatia inda ya zama sakataren jam'iyyar na tsawon shekaru biyu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A 1999, ya koma TV a karo na karshe. An kira shi a [[Rijeka]] don zama darektan TV a ''Channel Rijeka'' wanda ke karkashin ikon babbar jam'iyyar adawa, Social Democratic Party of Croatia . Ya shirya raye-raye na farko na bikin gargajiya na Rijeka Carnival kuma ya shirya muhawara don zaben shugaban kasa na Croatia, 2000 . A shekara ta 2001, ya yi murabus bayan da aka ki amincewa da shawarwarinsa. <ref name="'ljevak.hr"/> == Mai ba da shawara ga Stjepan Mesić == Bayan mutuwar Tuđman a cikin 1999 da nasarar haɗin gwiwar masu sassaucin ra'ayi a zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin Croatia na 2000, Jakić ya yi ƙoƙari ya dawo da tsohon aikinsa a HRT amma an ba shi aiki kawai a matsayin darektan TV na reshen gida na HRT [[Split]] . Ya yi watsi da tayin. A shekara ta 2000, ya aika da takardar neman aiki ga shugaban kasar Stjepan Mesić, wanda ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa a farkon wannan shekarar. Bayan wani lokaci da matsin lamba, an yarda da Jakić kuma ya zama mai ba da shawara ga shugaban kasa kan manufofin kasashen waje. Shi ne ba kawai mashawarcinsa ba, har ma ya rubuta yawancin jawabansa. Jakić ne ke da alhakin gina sabuwar dangantaka da Tarayyar Yugoslavia . Ya tafi [[Belgrade]] a shekara ta 2001 kuma ya sanya hannu kan wata takarda wacce ita ce farkon dangantakar da ke tsakanin Tarayyar Yugoslavia da Croatia. Bayan [[September 11 attacks|harin na Satumba 11]], Jakić da Mesić sun kasance masu goyon bayan kungiyar yaki da ta'addanci ta duniya. Tunanin bai taɓa zuwa ga gaskiya ba. A cikin 2002, Jakić ya rubuta wani jawabi ga Stjepan Mesić inda ya fito fili ya soki ra'ayin shiga sojan da Amurka ta jagoranta a Iraki, wanda ya harzuka jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka. Ya taka rawa wajen yanke shawarar Mesić na kin tura sojojin Croatia zuwa Iraki ba tare da amincewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba. Jakić ya ba da murabus dinsa ga shugaban kasar Mesić a shekara ta 2003 kuma ya zama marubuci na ''Slobodna Dalmacija'', inda ya rubuta a cikin wani shafi mai suna ''Parallels'' . Ya rubuta game da manufofin kasashen waje kuma shafi ya kasance kusan shekara guda. Ya ba da shawara ga Mesić don yakin neman zabensa na 2005, kuma bayan Mesić ya lashe zaben don wa'adinsa na biyu, Jakić ya koma tsohon aikinsa na ba da shawara. A lokacin wa'adin shugaban kasa na biyu, an yi abubuwa biyu. Na farko shi ne a cikin Disamba 2006 lokacin da wani bidiyo ya yada a cikin kafofin watsa labaru inda shugaban kasar Mesić ya ba da jawabi a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a farkon 1990s inda ya bayyana don ɗaukaka motsi na Ustaše. Mesić ya zo karkashin babban sukar jama'a. Jakić ya shirya martani mai sauri ga shugaban, wanda daga baya ya nemi afuwa a wani watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin kai tsaye. Lamarin na biyu shi ne a shekara ta 2008 lokacin da [[George W. Bush]] ya bayyana ziyararsa a Croatia. Ofishin shugaban kasa ne ke shirya yarjejeniyar karbar baki 'yan kasashen waje a koda yaushe amma firayim minista a lokacin Ivo Sanader, ya karbe iko kuma ya karya ka'idar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2016)">bayyanai da ake buƙata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A mayar da martani, Jakić ya shawarci shugaba Mesić da ya guji maraba da Bush kuma ya ba da shawarar yin rangadin kudu maso gabashin Asiya kamar yadda aka tsara a baya. Jakić ko Mesić ba sa son Bush ya zo Croatia daga farkon. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (September 2016)">me yasa?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mesić a ƙarshe an tilasta masa barin ra'ayin guje wa Bush kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar maraba a Zagreb. Jakić ya kasance mai shirya taron makamashi na 2007 a Zagreb, inda daya daga cikin baƙi shine [[Vladimir Putin]] . Shirin shi ne ya kawo kogin Kudu ta hanyar Croatia amma ba a taba gane shi ba. <ref name="'ezadar.hr">{{Cite web |title=Putin na Energetskom summitu |url=http://www.ezadar.hr/clanak/putin-na-energetskom-summitu |access-date=10 September 2016 |website=Ezadar.hr |archive-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322033335/http://www.ezadar.hr/clanak/putin-na-energetskom-summitu/// |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2010, shugaba Mesić ya ƙare wa'adinsa na biyu kuma na ƙarshe a matsayin shugaban ƙasa. Jakić ya bi sawun shugaban kuma ya yi ritaya daga siyasa. Tun daga shekara ta 2016, shi ɗan jarida ne na ''Novosti'' kuma yana hulɗa da manufofin ƙasashen waje. Ya buga tarihin rayuwa a cikin 2010 mai suna ''Nisam zavijao s vukovima'' ( ''Ban yi kuka da kyarkeci ba'' ). A cikin 2017, Jakić ya sanya hannu kan Sanarwa akan Harshen gama gari na Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks da Montenegrins . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kweehdzjwne6d009vful5sazks3pwng 0 95286 890461 886904 2026-08-02T07:35:01Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Vijay_actor_in_2007_releasing_his_filmfare_cover_magazine_with_Vijay_for_victory.jpg|Vijay_actor_in_2007_releasing_his_filmfare_cover_magazine_with_Vijay_for_victory.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because 890461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar''' (an haife shi 22 ga Yuni 1974), wanda aka sani da ƙwararru da '''Vijay''', ɗan wasan Indiya ne kuma mawaƙin sake kunnawa wanda ke aiki a sinimar Tamil . A cikin sana'ar da ta shafe sama da shekaru talatin, Vijay ya yi fina-finai 68 kuma yana daya daga cikin jaruman da suka yi nasara a harkar kasuwanci a sinimar Tamil tare da fina-finai da dama a cikin fina-finan Tamil da suka fi samun kudin shiga a kowane lokaci kuma yana cikin jaruman da suka fi samun kudi a Indiya. Ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Ana nufin "Thalapathy" (fassara. Kwamanda ), Vijay yana da babban fan mai biye. An haife shi a [[Chennai|Madras]] zuwa darekta SA Chandrasekhar, Vijay ya fara fitowa a matsayin ɗan wasan yara a cikin fim ɗin Tamil ''Vetri'' (1984). Bayan wasu ‘yan rawar da ya taka a lokacin yana yaro a fina-finan mahaifinsa, ya taka rawa na farko a fim din ''Naalaiya Theerpu'' (1992) yana da shekara 18. Vijay ya ci gaba da yin jagoranci na tsawon shekaru masu zuwa tare da fitattun fina-finai a cikinsu akwai ''Poove Unakkaga'' (1996), ''Love Today'' (1997), ''Kadhalukku Mariyadhai'' (1997), ''Thulladha Manamum Thullum'' (1999) da ''Kushi'' (2000). A cikin 1998, Gwamnatin Tamil Nadu ta ba shi ''Kalaimamani'' saboda rawar da ya taka a ''Kadhalukku Mariyadhai'' . A shekara ta 2004, ya fito a cikin fim ɗin Action-masala ''Ghilli'', wanda ya zama fim ɗin Tamil na farko da ya samu kuɗi sama da ₹ 50 crore kuma tare da nasarar ''Thirupaachi'' (2005) da ''Pokkiri'' (2007) daga baya, ya kafa kansa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan wasan kwaikwayo da cin kasuwa a Tamil cinema. Bayan wani lokaci na matsakaicin nasara, Vijay ya yi aiki a cikin fina-finai da yawa masu mahimmanci da cin nasara na kasuwanci waɗanda suka fara daga farkon 2010s ciki har da ''Thuppakki'' (2012), ''Kaththi'' (2014), ''Mersal'' (2017), ''Sarkar'' (2018), <nowiki><i id="mwPg">Master</i></nowiki> (2021), ''Leo'' (2023) da fim ɗin sa ''mafi girma'' (2024). A watan Fabrairun 2024, Vijay ya sanar da yin murabus daga fina-finai da kuma shigarsa siyasa mai zuwa tare da kaddamar da jam'iyyarsa ta siyasa, wanda aka fi sani da [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]] . == Rayuwar farko da iyali == An haifi Vijay a matsayin Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1974 a [[Chennai|Madras]] (yanzu [[Chennai]] ), [[Tamil Nadu]] . Mahaifinsa, SA Chandrasekhar, darektan fina-finai ne kuma mahaifiyarsa, Shoba Chandrasekhar mawaƙin sake kunnawa ne kuma mawaƙa. Mahaifinsa dan asalin [[Kirista]] ne kuma mahaifiyarsa Hindu ce. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2021 |title=About Vijay |url=https://www.vikatan.com/topics/vijay-person-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227053108/https://www.vikatan.com/topics/vijay-person-2 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=Vikatan}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2020 |title="I was born as a Christian, my wife is a Hindu": Vijay's father SA Chandrasekhar responds to allegations |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=249358&u=i-was-born-as-a-christian-my-wife-is-a-hindu-vijays-father-sa-chandrasekhar-responds-to-allegations-249358 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104152739/https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=249358&u=i-was-born-as-a-christian-my-wife-is-a-hindu-vijays-father-sa-chandrasekhar-responds-to-allegations-249358 |archive-date=4 January 2022 |access-date=4 January 2022 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily}}</ref> Vijay yana da ’yar’uwa, Vidhya, wadda ta mutu sa’ad da take ’yar shekara biyu. Vijay ya fara karatunsa a makarantar Fathima, Kodambakkam kuma daga baya a makarantar Balalok, Virugambakkam . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2016 |title=Vijay {{!}} Which Celebrity belongs to your school/college? |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/which-celebritiy-belongs-to-your-schoolcollege/vijay.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171818/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/which-celebritiy-belongs-to-your-schoolcollege/vijay.html |archive-date=28 December 2017 |access-date=28 December 2017 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> Ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa na gani daga Kwalejin Loyola . == Aikin fim ==   === 1984–2003: Farko da canzawa zuwa jagoranci === A lokacin da yake da shekaru 10, Vijay ya fara fitowa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na yara a cikin fim ɗin Tamil ''Vetri'', wanda PS Veerappa ya shirya a 1984. Daga nan ya yi fim tun yana yaro a fina-finai kamar ''Kudumbam'' (1984), ''Vasantha Raagam'' (1986), ''Sattam Oru Vilayaattu'' (1987) da ''Ithu Engal Neethi'' (1988). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin tallafi tare da [[Rajinikanth]] a cikin <nowiki><i id="mwkw">Naan Sigappu Manithan</i></nowiki> (1985), wanda mahaifinsa ya jagoranta.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Vijay ya taka rawa a karon farko a ''Naalaiya Theerpu'' yana dan shekara 18 a 1992. Sannan ya fito a cikin fina-finan ''Senthoorapandi'', ''Rasigan'', ''Deva'' da ''Coimbatore Mappillai'', yawancin wadanda suka yi nasara. A cikin 1996, Vijay ya yi aiki a ''Poove Unakkaga'', wanda Vikraman ya jagoranta, wanda a cewarsa, ya ba shi hutu na farko da shahararsa. A cikin 1997, Vijay ya yi aiki a ''Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen'' da ''Love Today'' . Daga baya, ya fito a fina-finan da suka yi nasara a kasuwanci kamar su ''Nerrukku Ner'', ''Kadhalukku Mariyadhai'', ''Ninaithen Vandhai'', ''Priyamudan'' da ''Thulladha Manamum Thullum'' . A shekarar 1999, ya yi fim a cikin fina-finan ''Endrendrum Kadhal'', ''Nenjinile ,'' da ''Minsara Kanna'' . A shekara ta 2000, ya fito a cikin nasara mai mahimmanci, ''Kannukkul Nilavu'', wanda shine fim dinsa na 25, tare da fina-finan soyayya masu nasara, ''Kushi'' da ''Priyamaanavale'' . <ref name="IT" /> A shekara ta 2001, ya yi aiki a cikin nasarorin da aka samu na ofishin akwatin hat-trick; ''Abokai ,'' ''Badri'' da ''Shahjahan'' kafin su fito a cikin fim na Action ''Thamizhan'' tare da [[Priyanka Chopra]] a 2002. Daga baya, ya fito a cikin fim din soyayya ''mai suna Youth'' da Action film ''Bagavathi'' a wannan shekarar. Vijay ya fara 2003 tare da ''Vaseegara'' da ''Pudhiya Geethai'' . === 2003-11: Ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo === A cikin 2003, bayan fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Thirumalai, Vijay ya fito a cikin Gilli, wanda S. Dharani ya jagoranta, tare da Trisha da Prakash Raj . Fim din ya samu nasara a kasuwanci kuma ya zama fim din Tamil na farko da ya samu sama da ₹ 500 miliyan a ofishin akwatin gida sannan kuma ya karya tarihin mafi yawan mutanen da suka kalli fim din a cikin makon farko da fitowar shi, wanda Adimai Penn na MG Ramachandran ya yi a baya (1969). Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a Madhurey da Thirupaachi a cikin 2005. Daga baya, ya taka leda a cikin fina-finai masu nasara na kasuwanci Sachein, Sivakasi da Pokkiri . Pokkiri ya zama daya daga cikin fina-finan da ya samu kudin shiga a wannan lokacin. A ƙarshen 2007, Vijay ya fito a cikin fim ɗin soyayya mai ban sha'awa ''Azhagiya Tamil Magan'', inda ya nuna rawar biyu a karon farko a cikin aikinsa. Ya taka rawar jarumai da antagonist. Fim din ya samu nasara a harkar kasuwanci a wajen Indiya. Sai dai wanda ya yi nasara a kasuwanci, ''Kuruvi'' a cikin 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2010 |title=Vijay's 'Kavalkaran' rolling fast on floors |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2010/apr/23/vijays-kavalkaran-rolling-fast-on-floors-149668.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101165514/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2010/apr/23/vijays-kavalkaran-rolling-fast-on-floors-149668.html |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=7 May 2021 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2008 |title='Kuruvi' and its 150 day grand success |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/kuruvi-and-its-150-day-flight-hollywood-news-41962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115160340/https://www.indiaglitz.com/kuruvi-and-its-150-day-flight-hollywood-news-41962 |archive-date=15 January 2024 |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> da ''Vettaikaaran'' a cikin 2009, fitowar sa na gaba ''Azhagiya Tamil Magan'' da ''Villu'' sun kasance matsakaiciyar nasara a ofishin akwatin gida yayin da suke ci gaba da samun nasara a ƙasashen waje. Vijay ya ci gaba da kasancewa daya daga cikin jaruman da suka fi samun albashi duk da matsakaicin nasarar da aka samu a fina-finan da aka fitar kwanan nan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=P |first=Kanmani |date=2022-06-22 |title=Vettaikaaran success made Vijay salary peak |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/thalapathy-birthday-special-from-villu-to-varisu-vijays-v-series-movie-list-rdvmaj |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ta}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, ya fito a cikin fim din wasan barkwanci mai suna ''Sura'', wanda shi ne fim dinsa na 50 a matsayin jarumi. A farkon 2011, Vijay ya yi aiki a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya na soyayya ''Kaavalan'', wanda Siddique ya jagoranta wanda ya sami amsa mai kyau da tarin akwatin ofis na ₹ 102 crore a duk duniya. An nuna fim din ne a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na birnin Shanghai na kasar Sin. ''Kaavalan'' nasara ce ta kasuwanci a kasar Sin. Fim ɗinsa na gaba shine fim ɗin Action ''Velayudham'', wanda M. Raja ya ba da umarni wanda ya fito a lokacin Diwali kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan fina-finan da suka samu kuɗi a 2011. Fim ɗin kuma ya yi babban nasara a ƙasashen waje. === 2012-yanzu: Nasarar kasuwanci === [[Fayil:Tamil_Film_actor_Vijay_Celebrating_World_Environment_Day_at_the_U.S._Consulate_Chennai_5.jpg|thumb| Vijay a shekarar 2013]] A cikin 2012, Vijay ya yi aiki a cikin nasarar kasuwanci ta ''Nanban'', sake yin fim ɗin Hindi mai nasara ''3 Idiots'' . Daga baya a cikin shekara, ya yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Thuppakki'', wanda AR Murugadoss ya jagoranta. Fim din ya zama fim na uku Tamil wanda ya samu sama da ₹ 100 crore a gida kuma ya zama fim mafi nasara a rayuwar Vijay a lokacin, inda ya samu sama da ₹ crore. <ref name="NDTV">{{Cite web |date=5 August 2015 |title=Baahubali to Thuppakki: Tamil Cinema's 100 Cr Films |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-to-thuppakki-tamil-cinemas-100-cr-films-1204181 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615132934/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-to-thuppakki-tamil-cinemas-100-cr-films-1204181 |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Fim ɗinsa na gaba ''Thalaivaa'', wanda AL Vijay ya ba da umarni, an fito da shi a watan Agusta 2013 don sake dubawa masu rikitarwa. A cikin 2014, ya yi aiki a ''Jilla'' wanda ya ƙare a matsayin bugun ofis. Vijay ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa ''Kaththi'', inda ya nuna wani rawar dual. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita kuma ya tattara ₹ 130 crore a ofishin akwatin, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Tamil mafi girma a cikin 2014. A cikin 2015, ya fito a cikin fim din fantasy ''Puli'', wanda Chimbu Deven ya jagoranta, wanda ya sami gauraye da ra'ayoyi mara kyau daga masu sukar. Duk da sake dubawa, fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai mafi girma na 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-04 |title=Vijay Puli ends with a below average note |url=https://www.primesworld.com/puli/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=bollywood hungama}}</ref> A cikin Afrilu 2016, mai wasan kwaikwayo ''Theri'' wanda Atlee ya jagoranta ya fito da sake dubawa masu gauraya. Ya zama fim na biyu mafi girma na Tamil a cikin 2016, wanda ya samu sama da ₹ 170 crore. A cikin 2017, an sake fitar da fim ɗin masala ''Bairavaa'', kuma don sake dubawa masu gauraya. A shekarar 2017, fim din ''Mersal'' ya fito, wanda ya zama nasara a kasuwanci, inda ya zama na farko a cikin fina-finan Vijay da suka samu sama da ₹ 250. Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a National Film Awards UK a cikin 2018 tare da Vijay ya sami zaɓi don mafi kyawun acroe. Fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan fina-finan Vijay da aka fitar a Japan da China tare da ƙara nunawa a bikin Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival a Koriya ta Kudu. A cikin 2018, Vijay ya fito a cikin fim din siyasa ''Sarkar'' tare da Keerthy Suresh, wanda ya shiga 100 Crore Club a cikin kwanaki biyu. Fim din ya fito ne a kasashe 80 kuma ya zama fim din sa na biyu da ya samu kudi sama da ₹ 250 crore. Vijay ya yi fim din wasan kwallon kafa ''Bigil'', wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2019. Yayin da fim din ya samu ra'ayoyi daban-daban daga masu suka, Vijay ya yaba da yadda ya nuna halinsa kuma fim din ya samu nasara a kasuwanci, yana samun fiye da ₹ 300 crore. Shi ne kuma fim ɗin Tamil na farko da aka fito a [[Misra|Masar]] da [[Jodan|Jordan]] . A shekarar 2021, an fitar da fim dinsa na gaba ''Master'', wanda Lokesh Kanagaraj ya shirya. Bayan an sake shi, ya sami gauraye zuwa ingantattun bita daga masu suka. Fim din ya tattara sama da ₹ 300 a duk duniya kuma an ayyana shi a matsayin nasara a ofishin. Fim ɗinsa na gaba shine fim ɗin wasan ban dariya mai ban dariya ''Beast'', wanda ya karɓi ra'ayoyi masu gauraya daga masu sukar. Fim din ya yi kyau a cikin akwatin akwatin na ketare kuma ya samu nasara a kasuwanci, inda ya tara sama da ₹ crore 300 a duk duniya. Ya zama ɗayan fina-finai da aka fi kallo akan [[Netflix]] a duniya a cikin 2022. A cikin 2023, Vijay ya fito a cikin fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo ''Varisu'' wanda Vamshi Paidipally ya ba da umarni. Fim din ya samu nasara a kasuwanci, inda ya samu sama da ₹ 300 a akwatin ofishin. Sakin sa na gaba na 2023 shine wasan motsa jiki ''Leo'' . Ya samu jawabai daban-daban daga masu suka, amma ya ci gaba da zama fim mai nasara a kasuwa kuma ya fito a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finan Indiya da suka fi samun kudin shiga a shekarar da ya samu sama da ₹ 600 crore. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-23 |title=Leo worldwide closing box office collections: Vijay starrer is the Highest grossing Tamil film of All Time |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/leo-worldwide-closing-box-office-collections-vijay-starrer-is-the-highest-grossing-tamil-film-of-all-time-1260510 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> Fim ɗin sa na sci-fi ''The Greatest of All Time'' ya buɗe don sake dubawa masu gauraya, amma yana da kudaden shiga na wasan kwaikwayo fiye da ₹ 450. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dixit |first=Mohit |date=2024-10-01 |title=The GOAT Final Box Office Collections Worldwide: Thalapathy Vijay's action-drama to end its theatrical SHOWDOWN at Rs 456 crore; A Super-Hit |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/the-goat-final-box-office-collections-worldwide-thalapathy-vijays-action-drama-to-end-its-theatrical-showdown-at-rs-456-crore-a-super-hit-1351301 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001085319/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/the-goat-final-box-office-collections-worldwide-thalapathy-vijays-action-drama-to-end-its-theatrical-showdown-at-rs-456-crore-a-super-hit-1351301 |archive-date=2024-10-01 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=The TOI Entertainment Desk is a dynamic |date=2024-08-31 |title='GOAT' first review out from UK censor; A blockbuster status loading for Vijay and Venkat Prabhu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/goat-first-review-out-from-uk-censor-a-blockbuster-status-loading-for-vijay-and-venkat-prabhu/articleshow/112942746.cms |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandya |first=Sonal |date=2024-10-11 |title=Netflix Global Top 10: Vijay's GOAT Debuts globally at fourth place With 3.8 Million Views, Nobody Wants This Grabs 1st Place On TV List |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/netflix-global-top-10-vijay-goat-debuts-with-3-8-million-views-nobody-wants-this-grabs-1st-place-on-tv-list-article-114151547 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Times Now}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2024, Vijay ya sanar da cewa zai sake yin fim daya kacal, wanda zai kasance na 69 kuma na karshe a matsayin jarumin jarumi, mai suna ''Jana Nayagan'' . == Sana'ar siyasa == A cikin 2009, Vijay ya ƙaddamar da kulob dinsa na fan ''Vijay Makkal Iyakkam'' . Kungiyar ta goyi bayan kawancen AIADMK a zaben majalisa na 2011 . Kungiyar magoya bayan kungiyar ta fafata a zaben kananan hukumomi a Tamil Nadu a watan Oktoban 2021, inda ta samu nasara a kujeru 115 daga cikin 169 da aka fafata. A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2024, Vijay ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da jam'iyyarsa ta siyasa, [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]] (TVK). Masu sharhi kan harkokin siyasa sun ba da shawarar cewa jam'iyyar TVK za ta iya fadadawa zuwa wasu jihohin Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Keralakaumudi |date=February 6, 2024 |title='Waiting for Thalapathy's green signal'; Vijay's TVK in Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1243679 |access-date=February 19, 2024 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily}}</ref> Vijay ya ɗauki Dokar Canjin zama ɗan ƙasa ta 2019 da gwamnatin BJP ta zartar a matsayin abin da ba za a yarda da shi ba saboda hakan zai kawo cikas ga daidaiton addini na al'umma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Tamil Superstar Vijay Calls Citizenship Law CAA "Unacceptable" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/tamil-superstar-vijay-calls-citizenship-law-caa-unacceptable-5223157 |access-date=March 12, 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Vijay ya auri Sangeetha, ’yar Tamil ta Sri Lanka a ranar 25 ga Agusta 1999. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu: ɗan Sanjay wanda ya bayyana a takaice tare da mahaifinsa a ''Vettaikaaran'', da 'yar Divya wacce ta bayyana a cikin mahaifinta ''Theri'' . === Dukiya da samun riba === Ya zuwa 2021, darajar Vijay ta wuce ₹ crore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Net Worth |url=https://www.goldenchennai.com/celebrity/net-worth/vijay-net-worth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101183524/https://www.goldenchennai.com/celebrity/net-worth/vijay-net-worth/ |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=1 January 2022 |website=Golden Chennai}}</ref> Vijay ya sami albashi na ₹ 100 crore ga Beast kuma ya sami kimanin ₹ 120 crore - ₹ 150 crore ga ''Varisu''. A cikin 2023, an ruwaito cewa ya sami albashi na ₹ crore, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da aka biya a Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2023 |title=Thalapathy Vijay Gets Rs 200 Crore For Next Film, Becomes Highest-paid Indian Actor: Reports |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/thalapathy-vijay-gets-rs-200-crore-for-next-film-becomes-highest-paid-indian-actor-reports-7947139.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717090628/https://www.news18.com/movies/thalapathy-vijay-gets-rs-200-crore-for-next-film-becomes-highest-paid-indian-actor-reports-7947139.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=News18}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2020, Sashen Harajin Kuɗi ya kai farmaki gidan Vijay a Chennai kan yuwuwar gujewa haraji da kuma saka hannun jarinsa a kadarorin da ba za a iya motsi ba . Daga baya jami'an sun bayyana cewa ba a samu wani abu mai muhimmanci ba a yayin farmakin. A ranar 13 ga Yuli 2021, Babban Kotun Madras ta yi watsi da karar da Vijay ya shigar a 2012 yana neman a kebe harajin Shigar da motarsa ta Rolls-Royce Ghost wacce aka shigo da ita daga Burtaniya kuma ta sanya tarar ₹ 1 lakh. A ranar 27 ga Yuli, 2021, alkalai biyu na babbar kotun Madras sun dakatar da umarnin da aka bayar a baya. A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2022, kotu ta yi watsi da kalaman da alkali na farko ya yi kuma a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2022, kotun ta bayyana cewa ba za a ci tara ba. == Kyaututtuka da yabo == A cikin 1998, Gwamnatin Tamil Nadu ta ba Vijay Kalaimamani lambar yabo kuma Vijay ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Dr. MGR Educational Institute saboda nasarorin da ya samu a masana'antar fim a 2007. An ba Vijay kyautar Mafi kyawun Jarumin Duniya na 2018 a Burtaniya saboda rawar da ya taka a ''Mersal'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2018 |title=Thalapathy Vijay wins Best International Actor award |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-best-international-actor-iara-awards-2018-1346857-2018-09-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231072713/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-best-international-actor-iara-awards-2018-1346857-2018-09-23 |archive-date=31 December 2021 |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=India Today}}</ref> Ya samu lambobin yabo da yabo da dama a kan aikin da ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2023 |title=Thalapathy Vijay Wins Best Actor Award At Osaka Asian Film Festival In Japan |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/thalapathy-vijay-wins-best-actor-award-at-osaka-tamil-film-festival-in-japan-7882879.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522173400/https://www.news18.com/movies/thalapathy-vijay-wins-best-actor-award-at-osaka-tamil-film-festival-in-japan-7882879.html |archive-date=May 22, 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=News18}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2018 |title=Vijay collects his IARA Award for 'Mersal' in person |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-collects-his-iara-award-mersal-person-93275#:~:text=The%20International%20Achievement%20Recognition%20Awards,gave%20the%20event%20a%20miss. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417121006/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-collects-his-iara-award-mersal-person-93275#:~:text=The%20International%20Achievement%20Recognition%20Awards,gave%20the%20event%20a%20miss. |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=23 December 2020}}</ref> == Hoton jama'a == Ana nufin ''Thalapathy'' ( transl. Kwamanda ), Vijay yana da babban fan mai biye. <nowiki><i id="mwA3s">News 18</i></nowiki> ya kwatanta Vijay a matsayin "mai yin wasan kwaikwayo" da "kyakkyawan mawaƙin sake kunnawa, ɗan rawa kuma mai ba da taimako". <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2022 |title=Priyamudan and other films of Vijay- Top 20 Best Films of Vijay |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/top-20-best-films-of-vijay/12-priyamudan1998.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727063556/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/top-20-best-films-of-vijay/12-priyamudan1998.html |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> An yaba masa saboda rawan da ya yi tare da ''jaridar The Times of India'' suna yiwa rawar Vijay lakabin "mai kuzari da rashin kokari". <ref>{{Cite web |date=Oct 15, 2015 |title=Five reasons why we love Vijay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/five-reasons-why-we-love-vijay/photostory/49378314.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712160604/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/five-reasons-why-we-love-vijay/photostory/49378314.cms |archive-date=12 July 2021 |access-date=Nov 13, 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> An yabe shi saboda kwarewar wasan kwaikwayo tare da Zee Media yana ba da rahoton cewa "Vijay ya ba da mamaki ga masu sauraro saboda wasan kwaikwayo da kuma gaban allo". A cikin 2019, an bayyana wani adadi na Vijay a cikin gidan kayan tarihi a Kanyakumari . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2019 |title=Thalapathy Vijay gets an impressive wax statue in Kanyakumari museum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thalapathy-vijay-gets-an-impressive-wax-statue-in-kanyakumari-museum/articleshow/72197457.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803125147/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thalapathy-vijay-gets-an-impressive-wax-statue-in-kanyakumari-museum/articleshow/72197457.cms |archive-date=3 August 2021 |access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> A cikin 2023, Vijay ya sami matsayi na #8 a cikin mujallar ''Gabashin Ido'' a tsakanin manyan mashahuran duniya a Asiya. <ref name="topglobalasia">{{Cite web |last=R |first=Ansgar |date=December 15, 2023 |title=Vijay secures 8th place among top asian celebrities in eastern eye |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/eastern-eye-top-50-asian-celebrities-thalapathy-vijay-tops-in-10-full-list-ans-s5pao8#image1 |access-date=February 18, 2024 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ta}}</ref> <ref name="topglobalasia2">{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=DH Web |date=2023-12-14 |title=Top 10 Asian celebrities in the world (2023) |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/ampstories/entertainment/top-10-asian-celebrities-in-the-world-2023-2810559 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> == Magana == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ke00x2nrlfhwegpelg9sm4olerz9e06 0 96023 890345 883983 2026-08-01T22:43:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890345 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} Wakana Aoi, an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1998 a Kanagawa) [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Japan kuma tsohuwar mawaƙa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, ta sauka da rawar gani a cikin [[NHK]] ta 97th Asadora, Laugh It Up! , wanda aka watsa daga Oktoba 2017 zuwa Maris 2018 . <ref name="huffingtonpost">{{Cite web |date=2017-03-09 |script-title=ja:NEWS 葵わかな、NHK朝ドラ「わろてんか」ヒロインに決定 「少しずつ成長しながら笑顔を」 |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2017/03/09/aoi-wakana-asadora_n_15259764.html |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=The Huffington Post Japan |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref name="hochi">{{Cite web |date=2017-03-10 |script-title=ja:葵わかな「夢のよう」今秋朝ドラ「わろてんか」でヒロイン |url=http://www.hochi.co.jp/entertainment/20170309-OHT1T50244.html |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=The Hochi Shimbun |language=Japanese |archive-date=2017-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831085424/http://www.hochi.co.jp/entertainment/20170309-OHT1T50244.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == === 2009-2012: Farkon aiki === An gano Aoi a Harajuku, [[Tokyo]], a shekara ta biyar ta makarantar firamare. Tana daukar hotuna don aikawa tare da takardun sauraron ta a lokacin.<ref name="mainichi">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-07 |script-title=ja:葵わかな「女優堕ち」井元三津子（清嶋ルイ）役 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20160317/dde/018/200/020000c |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=The Mainichi Newspapers |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref name="sanspo">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-05 |script-title=ja:１５歳・葵わかな、目標は「歌える女優」柴咲コウ |url=http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/20140429/oth14042905020005-n1.html |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Sankei Digital Inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> Ta fara fitowa a talabijin a shekara ta 2009 ta hanyar tallace-tallace na FamilyMart kuma ta fara fitowa ne a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Samurai High School .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-07 |script-title=ja:葵わかな SPECIAL INTERVIEW 女優とアイドル、“天が二物”を与えた少女 |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/special/462/ |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=oricon ME inc |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref name="walkerplus">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-02 |script-title=ja:【今月の映画美少女】永野芽郁、久保田紗友らをチェック！ |url=https://news.walkerplus.com/article/65701/ |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Kadokawa Corporation |language=Japanese |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226151544/https://news.walkerplus.com/article/65701/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayyanar ta ta gaba ta zo ne a watan Janairun 2010, inda ta buga matashiyar Mamako Ino a cikin wani labari na jerin shirye-shiryen TV na Angel Bank . <ref name="mainichi" /> A watan da ya biyo baya, ta buga Caroline Izumi a cikin shirin talabijin na musamman na TV Asahi na sa'o'i 2 na ''Kasai Chōsakan Renjirō Kurenai'' . Ta sake taka rawar Caroline Izumi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, Janairu na shekara ta 2012, da Nuwamba na shekarar 2012. Halin ta ya koma Amurka. === 2013-yanzu === A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, an zabi Aoi don zama memba na sabuwar ƙungiyar gumaka ta Otome Shinto, tare da Chika Arakawa, Yurika Takahashi, da Ayame Tajiri .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |script-title=ja:"ポジティブな2軍" 中学生アイドル、乙女新党がマニフェスト発表 |url=https://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000085879 |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Japan Music Network |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-27 |script-title=ja:乙女新党の葵わかな、デビューを前にして「来年の紅白に出る!」と宣言 |url=http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2012/12/27/064/ |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Mynavi Corporation |language=Japanese}}</ref> Kungiyar ta fara yin CD din su na farko watanni biyu bayan haka tare da "Mousou☆Koukan Nikki". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-19 |script-title=ja:乙女新党が直筆で自己紹介！ いよいよ2月20日に『もうそう★こうかんにっき』でデビュー！ |url=http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/article/1302180079/ |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Lawson HMV Entertainment |language=Japanese}}</ref> Aoi ya bar kungiyar a watan Yulin 2014 don mayar da hankali kan wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-05 |script-title=ja:乙女新党、新メンバー4人加入で6人編成に |url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/120577 |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Natasha Inc |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-23 |script-title=ja:乙女新党、荒川ちか&葵わかなが7月卒業 今後は女優業注力 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2035500/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108082109/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2035500/full/ |archive-date=2018-01-08 |access-date=2018-01-08 |publisher=oricon ME inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> A shekara ta 2013, ta taka karamin rawa a ''Aibō Season 11'' da ''Taberu Dake'' . Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta buga matashi Mao Waratai a fim din soyayya na Takahiro Miki Girl in the Sunny Place . <ref name="pia">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-09 |script-title=ja:松本潤＆上野樹里にソックリ!? 『陽だまりの彼女』出演の若手俳優に注目！ |url=http://cinema.pia.co.jp/news/161397/53480/ |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Pia Corporation |language=Japanese |archive-date=2019-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913185400/http://cinema.pia.co.jp/news/161397/53480/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fim din ya sami bita mai kyau kuma Aoi ta sami kulawa saboda rawar da ta taka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-20 |script-title=ja:清水 節 さんの『陽だまりの彼女』短評 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/review/278 |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Cinematoday |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-17 |script-title=ja:森 直人 さんの『陽だまりの彼女』短評 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/review/273 |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Cinematoday |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-28 |script-title=ja:ファン大賞は「陽だまりの彼女」／映画大賞 |url=http://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/f-et-tp1-20131228-1237093.html |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Nikkan Sports News |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-19 |script-title=ja:葵わかな「大好きな思い、まだ言えてなくて」 『陽だまりの彼女』で上野樹里と共演 |url=https://tvfan.kyodo.co.jp/feature-interview/interview/60137 |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Kyodo News |language=Japanese}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta taka rawar gani a fim din kasada Samurai Pirates, inda ta nuna abokin ajiyar babban mutum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-30 |script-title=ja:乙女新党の卒業控える葵わかな、アイドルと女優の間で揺れる本音と決断…そして覚悟「もっと上のレベルに行くために」 |url=http://news.mynavi.jp/articles/2014/05/30/aoi-wakana/ |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Mynavi Corporation |language=Japanese}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta taka karamin rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na Divine Retribution: Punisher of Darkness, ''Aoi Honō'', ''Binta!'', kuma ''Mata ba za ta yarda da shi ba.''. Aoi ta sami kulawa saboda bayyanarta a cikin tallace-tallace na Tokyo Marine Nichido da Yamazaki Biscuits .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-09 |script-title=ja:今秋朝ドラ“ヒロイン”に葵わかな「まだ夢のよう」 97作目『わろてんか』 |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2087203/full/ |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=oricon ME inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> A shekara ta 2015, ta taka rawar goyon baya a fina-finai Have a Song on Your Lips da ''Tsumi no Yohaku'', kuma a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Omotesando ''Koukou Gasshoubu!''. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-09 |script-title=ja:朝ドラ新ヒロインはこんな人！ かつての主演作が自信に 慶応大入学の予定も…… |url=http://mainichi.jp/articles/20170309/dyo/00m/200/011000c |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=The Mainichi Newspapers |language=Japanese}}</ref>A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, ta fito tare da Yoko Moriguchi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na ''Joyu Ochi'' . <ref name="joyuochi">{{Cite web |date=2016-02-16 |script-title=ja:河原れん氏の『女優堕ち』ドラマ化 森口瑤子と葵わかなが2人1役 |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2066936/full/ |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=oricon ME inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, ta fito a fim din ban tsoro Horror no Tenshi . <ref name="horror" /> An ba ta suna sabuwar "Sarauniyar CM" a watan Nuwamba.<ref name="horror">{{Cite web |date=2016-11-24 |script-title=ja:注目のCM美少女・葵わかな、初主演作で恐怖顔連発！ |url=https://news.walkerplus.com/article/93463/ |access-date=2017-08-31 |publisher=Kadokawa Corporation |language=Japanese |archive-date=2017-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831085310/https://news.walkerplus.com/article/93463/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, ta sauka da rawar gani a cikin Asadora ta 97 ta NHK''Ku yi dariya!'', yana nuna Ten Fujioka. ''Ku yi dariya!'' an saita shi a ƙarshen zamanin Meiji zuwa bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. An tsara halinta ne bayan Sei Yoshimoto, wanda ya kafa kamfanin nishaɗi Yoshimoto Kogyo . <ref name="huffingtonpost"/><ref name="hochi"/> A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, 2017, ta dauki bakuncin shirin kiɗa na ƙarshen shekara ''Waga Kokoro no Osaka Melody'' . <ref name="waga kokoro">{{Cite web |date=2017-12-05 |script-title=ja:葵わかな：「わが心の大阪メロディー」で初司会 藤井隆と「わろてんか」コンビで |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20171205dog00m200022000c.html |access-date=2017-12-15 |publisher=Mantan Inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> Daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni 2018, Aoi ta buga ma'aikaciyar jinya Miwa Hanabusa a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na likitancin TBS ''Black Forceps'', ta bayyana tare da Kazunari Ninomiya da Ryoma Takeuchi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-10 |script-title=ja:ブラックペアン撮影の裏側語る “卵かけご飯”秘話も！ 念願の器械出しは… |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20180609/dyo/00m/200/043000c |access-date=2018-07-06 |publisher=[[Mainichi Shimbun]] |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-21 |script-title=ja:二宮和也主演ドラマ「ブラックペアン」に竹内涼真、葵わかなが出演 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/270366 |access-date=2018-02-23 |publisher=Natasha Inc. |language=Japanese |archive-date=2023-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715042813/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/270366 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aoi ta fara fitowa a watan Fabrairun 2019 a Taron Kasa da Kasa na Tokyo, a matsayin Juliet a cikin waƙoƙin ''Romeo da Juliet'', tare da Erika Ikuta da Haruka Kinoshita. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-07 |title=葵わかな、ミュージカル「ロミオ＆ジュリエット」で初舞台…来年2月開幕 |url=https://www.hochi.co.jp/entertainment/20180806-OHT1T50266.html |access-date=2018-08-11 |publisher=[[Sports Hochi]] |language=Japanese}}</ref> Ta tare da Haruka Kinoshita sannan ta buga Anya a cikin kiɗa Anastasia a cikin 2020 da 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2023 |script-title=ja:葵わかな・木下晴香「アナスタシア」3年越しの開幕に「本当に幸せ」作詞作曲家コンビも語る |url=https://natalie.mu/stage/news/540494 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=Natalie |language=ja}}</ref> Ta kuma buga Emma Nolan a ''Bikin'' kiɗa The Prom .<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2021 |script-title=ja:第96回:「『The PROM』Produced by 地球ゴージャス」で同性カップルを演じる葵わかな＆三吉彩花が、元気をチャージ! |url=https://eiga.com/extra/butai/96/ |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Aoi a Kanagawa, [[Japan]] . <ref name="sanspo"/> A watan Janairun 2017, an yarda da Aoi zuwa Jami'ar Keio . Tana karatun manufofi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-29 |script-title=ja:葵わかな慶大合格! AO入試で一足早くサクラサク「苦じゃなかった」 |url=http://www.sanspo.com/geino/news/20170129/geo17012905050016-n1.html |access-date=2017-09-02 |publisher=Sankei Digital inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2013 |''Yarinya a cikin Sunny Place'' |matashi Mao Watarai | |<ref name="pia"/> |- |2014 |''Masu satar teku na Samurai'' |Aiko Miyamoto | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-26 |script-title=ja:『瀬戸内海賊物語』柴田杏花&葵わかな&大森研一監督インタビュー |url=http://www.moviecollection.jp/interview_new/detail.html?id=321 |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Movie Collection |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2015 |''Ka sami Waƙar a kan Bakinka'' |Chinatsu Sekiya | |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |script-title=ja:くちびるに歌を(2014) |url=http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_c.php?num_c=350535 |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Stingray |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Kisan kai Classroom'' |Ayaka Saitō | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-29 |script-title=ja:葵わかな、実写『暗殺教室』オリジナルキャラクターで出演 主人公の幼なじみ役 |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2043860/full/ |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=oricon ME Inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Yankin Zunubi'' |Nanao Sasagawa | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-04 |script-title=ja:『罪の余白』初日舞台挨拶に吉本実憂ら登壇「闇のある役はすごく難しかったです」 |url=http://realsound.jp/movie/2015/10/post-244.html |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=realsound.jp |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |2016 |''Tsoro Babu Tenshi'' |Shi da kansa |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-23 |script-title=ja:「ホラーの天使」葵わかな、沖縄国際映画祭でフェイクドキュメンタリーの苦労を回想 |url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/184733 |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Natashi, Inc |language=Japanese |archive-date=2023-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625043107/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/184733 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-07 |script-title=ja:葵わかな主演「ホラーの天使」が11月に公開、京都国際映画祭での上映も決定 |url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/200876 |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Natasha, Inc |language=Japanese |archive-date=2023-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003053843/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/200876 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Iyali mai tsira'' |Yui Suzuki | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-15 |script-title=ja:小日向文世＆深津絵里の夫婦が電気のない世界を旅、矢口史靖「サバイバルファミリー」 |url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/194674 |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Natasha, Inc |language=Japanese |archive-date=2023-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624225501/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/194674 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Hasken Kyoto'' |Mikoto |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-30 |script-title=ja:タナカカツキ原作映画『逆光の頃』 ヒロイン役は次期朝ドラ主演・葵わかな |url=https://www.cinra.net/news/20170330-gyakkonokoro |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Cinra |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-05 |title=Trailer: 'The Time of Backlights' |url=http://www.fareastfilms.com/?news_post_type=trailer-time-backlights |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Far East Films}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Bus na tsakar dare'' |Akina Takamiya | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-27 |script-title=ja:原田泰造が主演！家族の再生を描く映画製作 |url=https://thetv.jp/news/detail/101964/ |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Kadokawa Corporation |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Ya ɓace a cikin Ramen'' |Kojima | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-26 |script-title=ja:伝説のラーメン漫画「ラーメン食いてぇ！」映画化決定！中村ゆりか＆葵わかなが共演 |url=http://eiga.com/news/20171226/8/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108075453/http://eiga.com/news/20171226/8/ |archive-date=2018-01-08 |access-date=2018-01-08 |publisher=eiga.com |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja: 映画『ラーメン食いてぇ！』 |url=http://ramen-kuitee.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108075500/http://ramen-kuitee.com/ |archive-date=2018-01-08 |access-date=2018-01-08 |website=Broadmedia Corporation |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Ao-Natsu'' |Rio |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-07 |script-title=ja:葵わかな＆佐野勇斗W主演『青夏』映画化！夏限定の恋物語 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0099007 |access-date=2018-03-14 |publisher=Cinematoday |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2019 |''Ninkyō Gakuen'' |Chihiro | |<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:任侠学園 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90666/ |access-date=April 24, 2019 |website=eiga.com |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |} === Wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2009 |''Makarantar Sakandare ta Samurai'' |matashi Ai Nagasawa |Kashi na 1 |<ref name="hochi"/><ref name="walkerplus"/> |- |2010 |''Bankin Mala'ika'' |matashi Mamako Ino |Kashi na 1 |<ref name="mainichi"/> |- | rowspan="2" |2014 |''Mata ba za ta yarda da shi ba.'' |Mayu Misawa |Kashi na 7 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-25 |script-title=ja:葵わかな |url=https://twitter.com/aoiwakana0630/status/537219782655762432 |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Twitter |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |script-title=ja:火曜ドラマ『女はそれを許さない』 |url=http://www.tbs.co.jp/yurusanai2014/case/case07.html |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Tokyo Broadcasting System Television |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Aoi Honō'' |'Yar'uwar Hiroyuki |Kashi na 6 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=アオイホノオ |url=http://www.tvdrama-db.com/drama_info/p/id-56747 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |website=TV drama database}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2015 |''Kageri Yuku Natsu'' |Na'ura | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-21 |script-title=ja:連ドラ『翳りゆく夏』の女優陣9人発表、ヒロインの門脇麦、風俗嬢役の前田敦子ら |url=https://www.cinra.net/news/20141121-kageriyukunatsu |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Cinra |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Chorus na makarantar sakandare'' |Kyoko Hasumi | |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |script-title=ja:金曜ドラマ『表参道高校合唱部！』 |url=http://www.tbs.co.jp/omosan-gassyobu/staff/ |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Tokyo Broadcasting System Television |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Itsumo Majika ni'' |Ayaka Hayase |Fim din talabijin |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |script-title=ja:イマジカBS開局20周年オリジナル制作ドラマ『いつも まぢかに』 |url=https://www.wowowplus.jp/itsumomadikani/ |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=IMAGICA TV Corp |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Kuɗi Babu Tenshi'' |Madoka Sugawara | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-05 |script-title=ja:小籔千豊、ドラマ初主演に弱気「メチャメチャ演技ヘタ」 片瀬那奈と金銭トラブル解決 |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2062909/full/ |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=oricon ME inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Joyu Ochi'' |Rui Kiyoshima |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="joyuochi"/> |- |2016 |''Sai dai! Kagura Hime'' |Sakiko Kodama |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-07 |script-title=ja:葵わかなが舞った！広島伝統芸能「神楽」題材ドラマ |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/1734967.html |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Nikkan Sports News |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-07 |script-title=ja:葵わかな、伝統芸能・神楽に吹き替えなしで挑戦「筋肉痛になりながら頑張った」 |url=http://eiga.com/news/20161107/17/ |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=eiga.com |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |''Dangantaka ba tare da Tono ba'' |Suzu Hoshino | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-06 |script-title=ja:トップ 記事須賀健太：徳川宗春役で連ドラ主演 ヒロインは葵わかな SKE高柳明音もゲスト出演 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20170106dog00m200022000c.html |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Mantan Inc |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Ɗauki da Yarinya'' |Yui Suzuki | |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |script-title=ja:『サバイバルファミリー』サイドストーリー「サバイバルボーイ＆ガール」 |url=https://www.nihon-eiga.com/program/detail/nh10006805_0001.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202083424/https://www.nihon-eiga.com/program/detail/nh10006805_0001.html |archive-date=2017-02-02 |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Nihon Eiga Broadcasting Corp |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |''Konya mo LL Kashi na 2'' |Hikari |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-10 |script-title=ja:Boys Republicスウンと葵わかなの純愛描く新感覚ドラマ |url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/231962 |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=Natasha, Inc |language=Japanese |archive-date=2023-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829002307/https://natalie.mu/music/news/231962 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''& Bishōjo: Yarinya ta gaba ta sadu da Tokyo'' |Misako |Kashi na 3 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-25 |script-title=ja: › 最新ニュース › スクープ › 記事古畑星夏＆葵わかな＆山本舞香ら次世代の若手女優が主役！ オムニバスドラマ「＆美少女～NEXT GIRL meets Tokyo～」 |url=http://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2017/03/25/48097.html |access-date=2017-08-28 |publisher=IID |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |2017–18 |''Ku yi dariya!'' |Fujioka Goma |Matsayin jagora; Asadora''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref name="huffingtonpost"/><ref name="hochi" /> |- |2018–24 |''Black Forceps'' |Miwa Hanabusa |Lokaci 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2024 |script-title=ja:竹内涼真、葵わかなら「ブラックペアン」続編で再集結、二宮和也は前作と異なるキャラに |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/572980 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=Natalie |language=ja |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226140859/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/572980 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2021 |''Tasiri'' |Maho |Ministoci |<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 6, 2020 |script-title=ja:橋本環奈：初のWOWOWドラマで主演 葵わかな＆吉川愛と殺人の秘密を共有 三つの事件を巡るサスペンス |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20201205dog00m200069000c.html |access-date=December 7, 2020 |publisher=MANTANWEB |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Canje-canje na Zuciya'' |Koyori Hoshi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mateo |first=Alex |date=November 27, 2024 |title=Kujira's Changes of Heart Manga Gets Live-Action TV Series |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-11-27/kujira-changes-of-heart-manga-gets-live-action-tv-series/.218372 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[Anime News Network]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |} === Sauran talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Taken ! class="unsortable" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- |2012 |''Yōkoso! Higashi Ikebukuro Himawari Sō'' |Abubuwa 12 |<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:ようこそ！東池袋ヒマワリ荘 |url=http://www.ntv.co.jp/himawari/index.html |access-date=2017-09-26 |publisher=Nippon Television Network Corporation |language=Japanese |archive-date=2017-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150538/http://www.ntv.co.jp/himawari/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2014 |''100% Takarazuka'' |Kashi na 6 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-06 |script-title=ja:100%宝塚 |url=https://twitter.com/100takarazuka/status/530584449935630336 |access-date=2017-09-26 |publisher=Twitter |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Tsūkai TV Sukatto Japan'' |Abubuwa 6 |<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:痛快TV スカッとジャパン-第15回オンエア情報 |url=http://www.fujitv.co.jp/sukattojapan/15th.html |access-date=2017-09-26 |publisher=Fuji Television Network |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:痛快TV スカッとジャパン-第24回オンエア情報 |url=http://www.fujitv.co.jp/sukattojapan/24th.html |access-date=2017-09-26 |publisher=Fuji Television Network |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:痛快TV スカッとジャパン-第33回オンエア情報 |url=http://www.fujitv.co.jp/sukattojapan/33th.html |access-date=2017-09-26 |publisher=Fuji Television Network |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:痛快TV スカッとジャパン-第35回オンエア情報 |url=http://www.fujitv.co.jp/sukattojapan/35th.html |access-date=2017-09-26 |publisher=Fuji Television Network |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Waga Kokoro na 17 ba Osaka Melody ba'' |Babban mai masaukin baki |<ref name="waga kokoro"/> |- |''68th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen'' |Baƙo |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-27 |script-title=ja:スペシャル演出 & ゲスト決定 |url=http://www.nhk.or.jp/kouhaku/topics/topics_171227_3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228021652/http://www.nhk.or.jp/kouhaku/topics/topics_171227_3.html |archive-date=2017-12-28 |access-date=2017-12-28 |publisher=NHK |language=Japanese}}</ref> |- |} === Dubbing === * ''Cats'', Victoria White Cat (Francesca Hayward) <ref>{{Cite web |title=映画「キャッツ」吹替版に葵わかな、山崎育三郎、森崎ウィン、大竹しのぶら出演 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/355660 |access-date=March 29, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=January 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131073740/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/355660 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Sashe ! scope="col" |Ayyuka ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |2019 |Kyautar Elan na zinariya ta 43 |Sabon Shekara |Shi da kansa| {{Won}} |<ref name="official">{{Cite web |script-title=ja:エランドール賞歴代受賞者一覧 |trans-title=List of Élan d'Or awardee |url=https://www.producer.or.jp/elandor-list.html |access-date=January 25, 2019 |publisher=All Nippon Producers Association |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] si1mfjpbacd4zwb28btpuyisyhiybqa 0 96033 890453 881917 2026-08-02T07:14:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890453 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Kishii Yukino from "Just Only Love" at Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2018 (30678292207).jpg|thumb|Yukino Kishii]]  {{databox}} Yukino Kishii (岸井, Kishii Yukino, an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1992 [1]) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Japan. Ta buga Taka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na 55 na NHK Sanada Maru, Sari Ishikawa a cikin fim din Pink da Gray, da Taka Kōda a cikin 99th NHK asadora Manpuku, tsakanin sauran rawar TV da fim. Ayyukanta na farko a fim din 2017 Goodbye, Grandpa! ya sami lambar yabo ta Mafi Kyawun Sabon a bikin Fim na 39 na Yokohama . [1] == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Kishii a shekara ta 1992 a yankin Kanagawa, Japan . Ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2009 a matsayin ɗalibar makarantar firamare Nana Sakurai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ''Princess Sara (小公女セイラ, Shōkōjo Seira) ''. Bayan jerin ƙananan fina-finai da bayyanar talabijin, a cikin 2015 ta taka rawar Taeko Hakozaki, yarinya wacce abokiyarta ta ƙaunaci mahaifin Taeko, a cikin fim din [[Kenji Yamauchi (director)|Kenji Yamauchi]] I Love My Friend's Father (友だちのパ__ssw____ssw____sw____ssy____ssw__, Tomodachi no papa ga suki), da kuma rawar da Kanako ke takawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na TBS 99.9 Criminal Lawyer (99.9 beng) .<ref name="papa">{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2015 |title=安藤輪子ディープキス初挑戦「濃厚なのは初めて」 |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/1581357.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160604/https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/1581357.html |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=November 4, 2018 |website=[[Nikkan Sports]] |language=ja}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa Kishii ta sauka da yawa a talabijin da fim. Matsayinta na fim sun hada da Yumika, tsohuwar budurwa ta mai daukar hoto wanda batun tauraron dutse ya janyo hankalinta, a cikin Grab the Sun (太陽をナ, Taiyou wo tsukame), da kuma Chieko Matsuda, matashiyar da abokiyar ajiyarta ke neman burge ta hanyar samun lasisin direba, a cikin fim din da aka yi na manga Moriyamachu Driving School (森中山教習所, Moriyama kyōshūjo). Ta kuma fito a cikin shirye-shiryen fim na farko na littafin Shigeaki Kato Pink and Gray da kuma littafin Mariko Koike Double Life (二重生活, Nijyū seikatsu), kuma ta taka rawar Taka, matar Nobushige ta uku, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na 55 na NHK taiga ''Sanada Maru'' . <ref name="double">{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2016 |title=二重生活 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/movie/T0020740 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160500/https://www.cinematoday.jp/movie/T0020740 |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |website=Cinema Today |language=ja}}</ref> Matsayin farko na Kishii ya zo ne a fim din Yukihiro Morigaki na 2017 ''Goodbye, Grandpa! '' (おじいちゃん,死んじゃ__hau____hau____hau__, Ojiichan, shinjyattatte) a matsayin Yoshiko Haruno, jikokin wani shugaban iyali da ya mutu kwanan nan. Sarah Ward na Screen Daily ta bayyana aikinta a matsayin "musamman mai ban sha'awa, halin da take ciki na hikima fiye da shekarunta yana taimakawa wajen fitar da mai gabatarwa wanda aka fi ba da shi aiki tare da lura da kowa da kowa da ke kewaye da ita".<ref> {{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Sarah |date=October 30, 2017 |title='Goodbye, Grandpa!': Tokyo Review |url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/goodbye-grandpa-tokyo-review/5123706.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160438/https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/goodbye-grandpa-tokyo-review/5123706.article |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |website=[[Screen Daily]]}} </ref> Ayyukan Kishii a cikin Goodbye, Grandpa! Ta lashe lambar yabo ta Best Newcomer a bikin fina-finai na 39 na Yokohama . A wannan shekarar ta buga Sumire Michibata a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na TBS Rental Lovers (レンタル恋, Rentaru no koi) da kuma Miyuki Asakawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na fiction na kimiyya na Kiyoshi Kurosawa Foreboding on Wowow . A cikin 2018 Kishii ya ɗauki matsayi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo biyu na NHK: wasan kwaikwayo na Makarantar Lauyan (やけに弁の খ খ খ খが学校で__ilo____ilo____ilo__, Yakeni ben no tatsu bengoshi ga gakkō de hoeru), a matsayin malamin makarantar sakandare Shiori Mochozuki; da ''Manpuku'', na 99th NHK asadora, a matsayin Taka Kōda. Ta kuma bayyana a cikin shirin Fuji TV na The ''Count na Monte Cristo'' . == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |''Mahaifinta, ƙaunatacciyata'' |2015 |{{Sortname|Taeko|Hakozaki}} | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=映画『友だちのパパが好き』公式サイト |url=http://tomodachinopapa.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105033436/http://tomodachinopapa.com/ |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |publisher=Spotted Productions |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Makarantar tuki ta Moriyamachu'' | rowspan="4" |2016 |{{Sortname|Chieko|Matsuda}} | | style="text-align: center;" | |- ! scope="row" |''Rayuwa Biyu'' |Ayaka | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="double"/> |- ! scope="row" |''Pink da Gray'' |{{Sortname|Sari|Ishikawa}} | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="pinkgray">{{Cite web |title=Pink and Gray |url=http://pinktogray.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331174737/http://pinktogray.com/ |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |publisher=Kadokawa |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Ɗauki Rana'' |{{Sortname|Yumika|}} | | style="text-align: center;" | |- ! scope="row" |''Ka yi farin ciki, kakan!'' |2017 |{{Sortname|Yoshiko|Haruno}} |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align: center;" | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Just Only Love (fim)|Ƙauna ce kawai]]'' |2018 |{{Sortname|Teruko|}} |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=愛がなんだ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/89323/ |access-date=May 15, 2019 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Shirin Mafarki: Yadda za a gina Mazinger Z's Hangar'' | rowspan="3" |2020 |Emoto | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=小木博明、高杉真宙主演映画で破天荒な上司役に |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2138718/full/ |access-date=June 28, 2019 |website=Oricon}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Yanayin Gaggawa'' | |Matsayin jagora; fim din tarihin | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=斎藤工＆ムロツヨシ＆夏帆らが参加、オムニバス映画『緊急事態宣言』配信 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2020/07/29/68232.html |access-date=August 11, 2020 |website=Cinema Cafe}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Rayuwa a Sama'' |Aiko | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=青山真治7年ぶりの長編映画で多部未華子が主演、岸井ゆきのや岩田剛典ら共演 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/393218 |access-date=August 24, 2020 |website=Natalie |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824001505/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/393218 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Homunculus'' | rowspan="3" |2021 |Mace mai ban mamaki | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=綾野剛主演『ホムンクルス』 成田凌、内野聖陽らメインキャスト発表 特報映像も解禁 |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/84039/1 |access-date=December 12, 2020 |website=Crank-in!}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Masu ba da tallafi: Fim din'' |Shi da kansa | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=映画「バイプレイヤーズ」の新キャスト8名解禁！有村架純、天海祐希、役所広司ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/414935 |access-date=February 4, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=October 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018130014/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/414935 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''99.9 Lauyan Laifuka: Fim din'' |Kanako | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=『99.9 THE MOVIE』12.30公開 榮倉奈々＆木村文乃らも登場する最新予告解禁 |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/93933/1 |access-date=September 12, 2021 |website=Crank-in!}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Wata rana, Za ku isa Tekun'' | rowspan="5" |2022 |Mana |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=岸井ゆきの×浜辺美波、中川龍太郎の新作「やがて海へと届く」で映画初共演 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/450365 |access-date=October 22, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=December 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226200607/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/450365 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Mafarki na Meridian Arc'' |Toyomi Yasuno / Toyo | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=志の輔の落語を実写化した「大河への道」に岸井ゆきの、橋爪功ら出演、全員1人2役 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/457062 |access-date=December 11, 2021 |website=Natalie}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Ƙananan, Sannu Amma Mai Tsayi'' |Keiko |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=岸井ゆきの、プロボクサー役に挑戦「かけがえのない時間でした」『ケイコ 目を澄ませて』公開決定 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2022/01/07/76654.html |access-date=January 7, 2022 |website=Cinema Cafe}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Allah Yana Neman Komawa'' |Yuri Kawai | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=神は見返りを求める |url=https://eiga.com/movie/96714/ |access-date=February 26, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Duk abin da zai kasance mai kyau!'' |Hiyori Tamura | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=犬も食わねどチャーリーは笑う |url=https://eiga.com/movie/96984/ |access-date=April 13, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Matasan Baƙi'' | rowspan="2" |2024 | | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=若き見知らぬ者たち |url=https://eiga.com/movie/100238/ |access-date=April 26, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''A kan benci'' | |Matsayin jagora; fim din tarihin | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=アット・ザ・ベンチ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102390/ |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Cibiyar sadarwa ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |''Shōkōjo Seira'' |2009 |{{Sortname|Nana|Sakurai}} |TBS | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=TBSドラマ『小公女セイラ』スタッフブログ |url=https://www.tbs.co.jp/seira2009/blog/blog1221.html |access-date=July 17, 2019 |website=TBS}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''99.9 Lauyan Laifuka'' |2015 |{{Sortname|Kanako|}} |TBS | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="999tbs">{{Cite web |title=日曜劇場『99.9-刑事専門弁護士-　SEASON II』 |url=http://www.tbs.co.jp/999tbs/cast/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105034401/http://www.tbs.co.jp/999tbs/cast/ |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |website=[[Tokyo Broadcasting System Television]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Sanada Maru'' |2016 |{{Sortname|Taka|}} |NHK |Wasan kwaikwayo na <nowiki><i id="mwAbw">Taiga</i></nowiki> | style="text-align: center;" | |- ! scope="row" |''Bayyanawa'' | rowspan="2" |2017 |{{Sortname|Miyuki|Asakawa}} |Wowow |Ministoci | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=予兆　散歩する侵略者 |url=https://www.wowow.co.jp/detail/110869 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106004720/https://www.wowow.co.jp/detail/110869 |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |website=[[Wowow]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Mai son haya'' |{{Sortname|Sumire|Michibata}} |TBS | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=テッペン！水ドラ！！『レンタルの恋』 |url=http://www.tbs.co.jp/renkoi-tbs/caststaff/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160435/http://www.tbs.co.jp/renkoi-tbs/caststaff/ |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |website=[[Tokyo Broadcasting System Television]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Lauyan Makaranta'' | rowspan="3" |2018 |{{Sortname|Shiori|Mochozuki}} |NHK | | style="text-align: center;" | |- ! scope="row" |''Count na Monte Cristo: Babban Ramuwar gayya'' |{{Sortname|Miran|Iruma}} |Fuji TV | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2018 |title=『モンテ・クリスト伯』岸井ゆきのさんインタビュー |url=https://www.fujitv.co.jp/muscat/20180298.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160537/https://www.fujitv.co.jp/muscat/20180298.html |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=November 5, 2018 |website=[[Fuji TV]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Manpuku'' |{{Sortname|Taka|Kōda}} |NHK |''Mai dafa abinci'' | style="text-align: center;" | |- ! scope="row" |''Ōoku na Ƙarshe'' | rowspan="3" |2019 |Taki |Fuji TV |Fim din talabijin | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=「大奥 最終章」で小池栄子と鈴木保奈美がバトル、浜辺美波と岸井ゆきのも参加 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/322616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306065731/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/322616 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 6, 2019 |website=Natalie}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Shōnen Torajirō'' |Tsune Kuruma |NHK |Ministoci | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=寅さんの少年時代を描く『少年寅次郎』、井上真央さん主演で制作開始！ |url=http://www.nhk.or.jp/dramatopics-blog/6000/371209.html |access-date=July 17, 2019 |website=NHK |archive-date=July 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716162635/http://www.nhk.or.jp/dramatopics-blog/6000/371209.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Yume-Shokudō no Ryōrinin'' |Michiko |NHK |Fim din talabijin | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=高良健吾さん主演！『夢食堂の料理人～1964東京オリンピック選手村物語～』7月23日放送！ |url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/dramatopics-blog/20000/368148.html |access-date=July 17, 2019 |website=NHK }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''An la'anta su cikin soyayya'' | rowspan="1" |2020 |Shiori Hase |NTV | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=『私たちはどうかしている』岸井ゆきの、初の白無垢に「重い！！花嫁って大変だ」 |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/79654/1 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |website=Crank-in!}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Mutumin da ya ɓace'' | rowspan="3" |2022 |Yoshiko |Disney+, NHK | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=「拾われた男」に薬師丸ひろ子、北村有起哉、要潤、田辺桃子、夏帆ら19名出演 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/478160 |access-date=May 20, 2022 |website=Natalie |archive-date=May 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519080111/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/478160 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Masu Amfani da Aromantics'' |Sakuko Kodama |NHK |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=恋せぬふたり |url=http://www.tvdrama-db.com/drama_info/p/id-70676 |access-date=September 8, 2022 |website=TV drama database}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Shot na Ƙarshe na Atom'' |Umi Tominaga |TBS | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=アトムの童 |url=http://www.tvdrama-db.com/drama_info/p/id-72152 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=TV drama database}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''A Kadan A daren Lahadi'' | rowspan="2" |2023 |Shōko Noda |Talabijin Asahi | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=岸井ゆきのが清野菜名主演ドラマ「日曜の夜ぐらいは…」でタクシー運転手に |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/513184 |access-date=February 18, 2023 |website=Natalie}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Ōoku: Gidan Gida na Cikin Gida'' |Kazunomiya |NHK | | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ドラマ「大奥」幕末編、新キャストに福士蒼汰・岸井ゆきの・志田彩良 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/529357 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |website=Natalie |archive-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619051248/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/529357 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyukan da aka zaba !Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |2020 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta 43 ta Japan |Sabon Shekara |''Ƙauna ce kawai''| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=第43回日本アカデミー賞優秀賞発表、受賞者・受賞作品一覧 |url=https://eigaland.com/topics/?p=113162 |access-date=January 15, 2020 |website=eigaland}}</ref> |- |2021 |Kyautar Fim ta Mainichi ta 75 |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |''Rayuwa a cikin sararin samaniya''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=最多は『スパイの妻』！第75回毎日映画コンクールノミネート発表 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0120679 |access-date=December 23, 2020 |website=Cinematoday}}</ref> |- |2022 |Kyautar Fim ta Hochi ta 47 |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |''Mafarki na Meridian Arc'' da Duk abin da zai zama Owlright!''Duk abin da zai kasance mai kyau!''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=「第47回報知映画賞」各賞ノミネート決定 |url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000249.000071317.html |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=PR Times}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |2023 |Kyautar Fim ta Mainichi ta 77 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |''Ƙananan, Sannu Amma Mai Tsayi''| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=毎日映画コンクール 日本映画大賞に「ケイコ 目を澄ませて」 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20230118/k00/00m/200/325000c |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Mainichi Shimbun}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Blue Ribbon ta 65 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |''Ƙananan, Sannu Amma Mai Tsayi'' kuma Rana ɗaya, Za Ka isa Tekun''Wata rana, Za ku isa Tekun''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=第65回ブルーリボン賞 各部門候補が決定 受賞者は2月発表 |url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/articles/-/250004 |access-date=January 4, 2023 |website=Tokyo Sports}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Japan ta 46 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |''Ƙananan, Sannu Amma Mai Tsayi''| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=【日本アカデミー賞】最優秀主演女優賞に岸井ゆきの 声を震わせ「身に余る賞をありがとうございます」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2270982/full/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=Oricon}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Kinema Junpo ta 96 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |Ƙananan, Sannu a Ƙasa da sauransu| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=岸井ゆきの「誰もおいていかない現場で、良い映画作る」キネ旬主演女優賞「受賞できたのは光栄」 |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/news/202302010001231.html |access-date=February 1, 2023 |website=Nikkan Sports}}</ref> |- |Kyautar zinare ta 47 ta ElanKyautar Elan na zinariya |Sabon Shekara |Shi da kansa| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=間宮祥太朗・松下洸平・中川大志らが新人賞「2023年 エランドール賞」発表＜受賞一覧＞ |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/3584916 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=Model Press}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Wasanni ta Nikkan ta 36 |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo | rowspan="2" |''Ƙananan, Sannu Amma Mai Tsayi''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=日刊スポーツ映画大賞は石井裕也監督「月」が最多5部門6ノミネート |url=https://eiga.com/news/20231108/15/ |access-date=November 8, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2024 |Bikin Fim na 45 na Yokohama |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=第45回ヨコハマ映画祭 2023年日本映画個人賞 |url=http://yokohama-eigasai.o.oo7.jp/45-2023/45_2023_shou.html |access-date=December 22, 2023 |website=Yokohama Film Festival}}</ref> |- |} == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nq4peef062l5rd86ctgz2g6c0wimbof 0 96040 890452 881916 2026-08-02T07:12:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890452 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Yui Sakuma (佐久間 由衣, Sakuma Yui, an haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1995)kuma ita 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma an haifeta a kasarJapan. Matsayinta na wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da Tokiko Sukegawa a cikin [[NHK]] na 96 kamar yadda ta kasance a matsayin ''[[Hiyokko]]'' da Yui Shida a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen ''[[Fuji TV]]'' Transit Girls . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Sakuma a yankin Kanagawa a ranar 10 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 31, 2018 |title=ファッション界も注目！　ｉｔ Ｇｉｒｌ 女優・佐久間由衣 |url=https://otekomachi.yomiuri.co.jp/beauty/20180731-OKT8T95085/ |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=Otokemachi ([[Yomiuri Shimbun]]) |language=ja |archive-date=August 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004909/https://otekomachi.yomiuri.co.jp/beauty/20180731-OKT8T95085/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Vivi">{{Cite web |title=佐久間由衣 |url=http://www.vivi.tv/model/2015/09/64/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107235744/http://www.vivi.tv/model/2015/09/64 |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=December 9, 2015 |website=[[Vivi (magazine)|Net Vivi]] |publisher=[[Kodansha]] |language=ja}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A cikin 2013, Sakuma ta yi sauraro a matsayin samfurin musamman don mujallar kayan ado Vivi . <ref name="Vivi"/><ref name="Modelpress">{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2013 |title=「ViVi」専属モデルオーディショングランプリの美女2人、今後にかける想いを語る |url=http://mdpr.jp/interview/detail/1295559 |access-date=December 9, 2015 |website=Modelpress Interview |publisher=Modelpress |language=ja}}</ref> Ta lashe kyautar '13A / W a ranar 28 ga Satumba na wannan shekarar, kuma ta fara bayyana a fitowar Vivi ta Disamba 2013. <ref name="Modelpress" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2013 |title=「ViVi」専属モデルオーディション、美女2名がグランプリに決定 |url=http://mdpr.jp/news/1283222 |access-date=December 9, 2015 |publisher=Modelpress |language=ja}}</ref> Ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da Tao Tsuchiya a fim din 2014 ''Jinrō Game Beast Side'' . <ref name="werewolf">{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2014 |title=来年の朝ドラヒロイン土屋太鳳が同級生と殺し合い、主演映画から予告編と場面写真 |url=https://www.cinra.net/news/20140808-jinrogame |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=Cinra.net |language=ja}}</ref> Daga baya ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Fuji Television na 2015 Transit Girls . <ref name="Eiga.com">{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2015 |title=伊藤沙莉＆佐久間由衣"ガールズラブ"連ドラで初主演！音楽は降谷健志 |url=http://eiga.com/news/20151022/15/ |access-date=December 9, 2015 |publisher=Eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017 ta taka rawar Tokiko Sukegawa a cikin NHK ta 96 a matsayin ''Hiyokko'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2015 |title=【ひよっこ】ヒロインの幼なじみの美少女、佐久間由衣「毎日できることを探している」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2091232/full/ |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=Oricon News |language=ja}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, 2022, Sakuma ta ba da sanarwar cewa ita da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Go Ayano, wanda ke da shekaru goma sha uku da ya girme ta, sun ɗaure maɗaurin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-01 |title=綾野剛＆佐久間由衣「大みそか婚」 長年の友人関係を経て、幸せいっぱいの新年 |url=https://hochi.news/articles/20221231-OHT1T51220.html |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=スポーツ報知 |language=ja}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2024, Sakuma da Ayano sun ba da sanarwar cewa sun yi maraba da haihuwar ɗansu na farko tare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-30 |title=綾野剛＆佐久間由衣に第1子誕生「これからの時代を生きていく小さな生命とともに」【双方コメント全文】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2320670/full/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Mujallu === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Bayani ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2013 |''Rayuwa'' |Misali na musamman |<ref name="Vivi"/> |} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2014 |''Jinrō Game Beast Side'' |Hitomi Tsushima | |<ref name="werewolf"/> |- | rowspan="4" |2019 |''Organ na Ranar'' |Yoshiko Kanda | | |- |''Na kasance Mai Asirin Kasuwanci'' |Hiromi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=漫画『"隠れビッチ"やってました。』映画化　佐久間由衣、村上虹郎ら共演 |url=https://www.cinra.net/news/20190129-kakurebitch |access-date=January 29, 2019 |website=Cinra.net}}</ref> |- |''Uba Mai Ƙarfi A Yanar Gizo: Labarinmu na Final Fantasy XIV'' |Satomi Ide | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=劇場版 ファイナルファンタジーXIV 光のお父さん |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90990/ |access-date=November 6, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Kisan kai a Gidan Mutuwa'' |Sumie Nabari | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=屍人荘の殺人 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90347/ |access-date=June 15, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2020 |''Har abada Ƙarfi Ƙarfi Waɗannan Wawaye'' |Sayo Horigai |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=君は永遠にそいつらより若い |url=https://eiga.com/movie/92698/ |access-date=May 5, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Hanyar Kisan kai: Fim din'' |Yuzuki | |<ref name="satsui">{{Cite web |title=劇場版 殺意の道程 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/94362/ |access-date=May 5, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Ka kira Ni Chihiro'' |Hitomi | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ちひろさん |url=https://eiga.com/movie/97680/ |access-date=October 31, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Mulkin 3: Wutar Makoma'' |Hai Yin | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=「キングダム 運命の炎」吉川晃司、小栗旬、佐久間由衣の"シークレット出演"が解禁 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/538544 |access-date=August 28, 2023 |website=Natalie}}</ref> |- |2024 |''Mulkin 4: Komawar Babban Janar'' |Hai Yin | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=実写『キングダム』摎役は?「誰だろ」「気になる」早くも話題に |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0140518 |access-date=February 26, 2024 |website=Cinematoday}}</ref> |- |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2015 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata masu wucewa'' |Yui Shida |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="Eiga.com"/> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Hiyokko'' |Tokiko Sukegawa |''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2017 |title=佐久間由衣、有村架純と涙でハグ「ひよっこ」親友の"絆"に涙腺崩壊 |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1712152 |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=Modelpress |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Alkawarin Gobe'' |Kasumi Shirai | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2017 |title=佐久間由衣『ひよっこ』時子から"卒業"宣言「まっさらな気持ち」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2099039/full/ |access-date=August 12, 2018 |website=Oricon News |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Mu Rockets ne!'' |Asako Sakurazawa | | |- |''Alamar'' |Midori Kitano | | |- |2020 |''Hanyar Kisan kai'' |Yuzuki |Ministoci |<ref name="satsui"/> |- |2021 |''Harsasai, Ƙasusuwa da Ƙarƙashin Hanci'' |Mila Sekine |Ministoci |<ref>{{Cite web |title=オダギリジョー脚本・演出のドラマ「オリバーな犬」NHKで放送、主演は池松壮亮 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/431859 |access-date=June 29, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=November 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104013825/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/431859 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |''Umeko: Fuskar Ilimi na Mata'' |Nagai Shige |Fim din talabijin |<ref>{{Cite web |title=田中圭が伊藤博文に 広瀬すず主演ドラマ『津田梅子』、ディーン・フジオカら共演陣発表 |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/100289/1 |access-date=February 3, 2022 |website=Crank-in}}</ref> |- |''Hiru'' |Fashi |Lokaci na 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二と坂口健太郎主演「ヒル」に吉川愛、飯豊まりえ、柳俊太郎、板垣瑞生ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/455044 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=May 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503131450/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/455044 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Ƙauna tare da Shari'a'' |Nagisa Hattori | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=松岡茉優、謎多きスカジャン刑事役！ 柄本佑＆安田顕らも出演「初恋の悪魔」 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2022/06/08/79191.html |access-date=June 28, 2022 |website=Cinema Cafe}}</ref> |- |2023 |''Ranman'' |Aya Makino |''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=広末涼子「らんまん」で朝ドラ初出演！新キャストに志尊淳、佐久間由衣、笠松将ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/491146 |access-date=August 26, 2022 |website=Natalie |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405145151/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/491146 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |} === Tallace-tallace === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Bayani !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2014 |[[Coca-cola|Coca-Cola]] 2014 FIFA World CupGasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2014 |title=いま現在放送中 |url=http://ameblo.jp/sakuyui0310/entry-11823560100.html |access-date=December 9, 2015 |website=Yui Sakuma Official blog |publisher=[[Ameba (website)|Ameba Blog]] |language=ja |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304140727/http://ameblo.jp/sakuyui0310/entry-11823560100.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Shekara !Kungiyar bayar da kyaututtuka !Sashe !Ayyukan da aka zaba !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- |2019 |Kyautar Fim ta 2019 |Yarinya mai tasowa |Na kasance Mai Asirin Bitch da sauransu| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2019 |title=中村倫也"最も活躍した男性"に選出 自虐交え受賞の喜び「竹馬乗ってもスタイリッシュにならない」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2150814/full/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2020 |Kyautar Fim ta Mainichi ta 74 |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actress |''Na kasance Mai Asirin Kasuwanci''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=毎日映画コンクールノミネート　成田凌、松岡茉優、シム・ウンギョン、主演助演Wで候補 |url=https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2019/12/20/kiji/20191220s00041000118000c.html |access-date=December 20, 2019 |website=Sponichi}}</ref> |- |} == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rfgrc7qjgwuhh7hnhhjezdnxpl5mqtf 0 96124 890447 602825 2026-08-02T07:04:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890447 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} <nowiki>Hosoda Yoshihiko"}} Yoshihiko Hosoda ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na kasar Japan daga Tokyo wanda ya fito a fina-finai da dama kaman su Detroit Metal City (2008) da </nowiki>''Ooku'' (2010).<ref>{{Cite web |title=イケメンガレッジvol.8 細田よしひこ |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/music/special/080521_01.html |access-date=2016-02-08 |website=ORICON STYLE”}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=戸田恵梨香＆細田よしひこが仲良しぶりをアピール！「闘茶」初日 - ライブドアニュース |url=http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/3728271/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423055305/http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/3728271/ |archive-date=2014-04-23 |website=news.livedoor.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Potemkin.jp - Just another WordPress site |url=http://potemkin.jp/archives/50700963.html |access-date=2025-03-15 |archive-date=2014-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028045731/http://potemkin.jp/archives/50700963.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya taɓa kasancewa da alaƙa da hukumar talanti ta Stardust Promotion a ƙarƙashin sunansa na Yoshihiko Hosoda (ko da yake an rubuta sunansa na farko a cikin [[hiragana]] Hosoda Yoshihiko , amma ya bar a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=STARDUST - 舞台に立った瞬間にお客さんの心をつかめるかが勝負 - スターダスト オフィシャルサイト - インタビュー |url=http://www.stardust.co.jp/interview/article/hosodayoshihiko/01.html |access-date=2016-02-08}}</ref> A halin yanzu yana da alaƙa da Alpha Agency a ƙarƙashin ainihin sunansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=3度目の舞台、頼もしい共演者と「思いきり」". スターファイル |url=http://astand.asahi.com/entertainment/starfile/SDI201404144498.html |access-date=2016-02-08 |archive-date=2014-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111073834/http://astand.asahi.com/entertainment/starfile/SDI201404144498.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen talabijin == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Cibiyar sadarwa !Sauran bayanan |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |''Sashe na 1 Aozora Koi Hoshi'' |Masashi Konno |Fuji TV | |- |''Sashe na 1 1242kHz Kochira Nippon Hoso'' |Shogo Shiratori |Fuji TV | |- | rowspan="2" |2006 |''Cibiyar Nazarin Dokta Coto'' |Masato Miyano |Fuji TV |Lokaci na 2 |- |''Seishun Energy Mo Hitotsu ba Sugar & Spice ba'' |Yuta Sugiura |Fuji TV | |- | rowspan="2" |2007 |''Hyaki Yakosho'' |Toru Kiyama |NTV | |- |''Rayuwa'' |Katsumi Sako |Fuji TV |Babban rawar farko, mai adawa |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |''Edison no Haha'' |Yuki Kubo |TBS | |- |''Ando Natsu'' |Yosuke Mitsuya |TBS | |- |''Abin kunya'' |Hayato Mizutani |TBS | |- | rowspan="4" |2009 |''Murya'' |Katsuhiko Takazawa |Fuji TV |Kashi na 4 |- |''Ƙayyadadden'' |Satoshi Isaka |NHK | |- |''Karnuka na Tokyo'' |Teppei Oyama |Fuji TV |Kashi na 4 |- |''Wasan ƙarya: Lokacin 2'' | |Fuji TV |Kashi na 6 |- | rowspan="3" |2010 |''Shukumei 1969-2010'' |Toru Arikawa |Talabijin Asahi | |- |''Joker: Yurusarezaru Sosakan'' |Toru Kiuchi |Fuji TV |Kashi na 1 |- |''Q10'' |Jun Nakao |NTV | |- | rowspan="3" |2011 |''Lady: Saigo no Hanzai Bayanan martaba'' |Junya Ishiwata |TBS | |- |''Kashi na Kashi'' |Yu Komiya |NTV | |- |''Yokai Ningen Bem'' |Koji Kumagawa |NTV |Kashi na 3 |- | rowspan="4" |2012 |''Sa'ad da Sa'ad kuma Bakwai'' |Makoto Shindo |Fuji TV |Kashi na 8 |- |''13-sai ba tare da Gaisuwa Aiki ba'' |Shinya Wakamatsu |Talabijin Asahi |Kashi na 9 |- |''Mikeneko Holmes no Suiri'' |Shinya Nagae |NTV |Abubuwa 3-4 |- |''Cikakken Blue'' |Keisuke Tamai |TBS |Kashi na 6 |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Ultraman X'' |Wataru Kazama |Talabijin na Tokyo | |- |''Hana Moyu'' |Ryōichirō Arai |NHK |Wasan kwaikwayo na <nowiki><i id="mw8g">Taiga</i></nowiki> |- | rowspan="1" |2016 |''Sanada Maru'' |Hōjō Ujinao |NHK |Wasan kwaikwayo na ''Taiga'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=真田丸 |url=https://haiyaku.web.fc2.com/16-taiga.html |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=Haiyaku Jiten |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2017 |''Ishitsu ta farko'' | |Wowow | |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |''Babban Iyali'' | |Wowow |<ref>{{Cite web |title=キスマイ藤ヶ谷太輔出演「華麗なる一族」追加キャスト発表、宮田俊哉がエリート社員に |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/414191 |access-date=January 29, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=May 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522013504/https://natalie.mu/music/news/414191 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Zuwa Bayan Sama Mai Tsarki'' |Takamatsu Ryōun |NHK |Wasan kwaikwayo na ''Taiga'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=志尊淳、『青天を衝け』で大河ドラマ初出演 追加キャスト11名発表 |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/89223/1 |access-date=May 2, 2021 |website=Crank-in!}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2023 |''Abincin Fermat'' |Katsuya Hotei |TBS |<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2023 |title=細田善彦＆宇梶剛士、『フェルマーの料理』出演決定　高橋光臣はドラマオリジナルキャラに |url=https://realsound.jp/movie/2023/09/post-1426267.html |access-date=September 8, 2023 |website=Real Sound映画部 |publisher=blueprint}}</ref> |- |} == Fim din == * ''Hatsu Kare'' (2006) * ''Akane Zora'' (2007) * ''Birnin Detroit Metal'' (2008) * ''Yakin shayi'' (2008) * ''Bayyanawa'' (2008) * ''Na Ba Ka Ƙaunar Farko'' (2009) * ''Ōoku: Gidan Gida na Cikin Gida'' (2010) * ''Amincewa ta Ƙarshen'' (2012) * ''Musashi'' (2019), Miyamoto Musashi * ''Yarinya ta ƙarni na 21'' (2019) * Abokan (2019), Masato * ''Labyrinth na Cinema'' (2020) * ''Ƙaunar Mai Ƙauna'' (2022) <ref>{{Cite web |title=人でなしの恋 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/97078/ |access-date=August 23, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> * ''Nukero Moebius!'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=坂ノ上茜、細田善彦、田中偉登、松原菜野花が共演「ぬけろ、メビウス!!」製作決定 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/436613 |access-date=July 14, 2021 |website=Natalie}}</ref> * Spring a Tsakanin (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |title=はざまに生きる、春 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98969/ |access-date=February 17, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> * Uchūjin no Aitsu (2023), Hirofumi Shishido <ref>{{Cite web |title=宇宙人のあいつ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98772/ |access-date=April 20, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> * Blue Imagine (2024), Shunta <ref>{{Cite web |title=ブルーイマジン |url=https://eiga.com/movie/100931/ |access-date=December 21, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] 6wi1dt4enwbbhnhjfkb7dx3n681yzu3 0 96520 890227 720649 2026-08-01T16:52:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tracey Moberly (An haife ta Tracey Karen Wood, Tredegar, South Wales, 1964; wanda aka yi aureta a matsayin Sanders-Wood) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce, marubuciya kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, kuma ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na Foundry a Landan. Tana baje koli kuma an fi saninta da aikinta da saƙonnin rubutu ta wayar hannu wanda littafinta Text Me Up! yana tushe. [3] Ana yawan kwatanta fasahar Moberly a matsayin zamantakewa da siyasa. == Dubawa == Tracey Moberly ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha da ƙira daga Newport College of Art (yanzu Jami'ar South Wales ) (1985), da kuma MA a Art a matsayin Muhalli a Jami'ar Manchester Metropolitan (1996), inda ta kuma karanta a cikin shekarar 1990s. Tun 2001 ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a Gabashin Ƙarshen London. Moberly yana samar da aiki a cikin kewayon kafofin watsa labaru da suka haɗa da bulo, gilashi, zaren da masana'anta. Ta gudanar da tarurrukan bita a gidan tarihin tarihi kan kadi da rini daga kayan rini na halitta kamar kayan lambu. Aikinta na kadi da rini ya kai ga haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗan wasan barkwanci Shazia Mirza akan ''F *** Kashe, Ni Mace Mai Gashi ce'', shirin talabijin na tsawon awa ɗaya wanda Mirza ya gabatar wanda mai zanen ya zagaya kuma ya yi sama da 80 rigar kamfai daga gashin ɗan adam. Tracey ya yi waƙa daga tubali kuma ya yi tubalin sassaka waɗanda suka haɗa da tsarin gine-gine. Hakanan tana aiki da ƙarfe, ƙarfe & gilashi. Matsakaicin fasahar fasaha da aka fi so kwanan nan shine ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayataccen embodied wanda take amfani da shi a cikin wani aiki mai taken ''Text-Me-Up-Sex- Drugs & Rock'n'Roll'' . == Fasaha mai fafutuka == An zaɓi aikin zane na Tracey Moberly don yin bayanin abubuwa da yawa amma masu wahala a kusanci kamfen na fafutuka. Duk da yake a wasu daga cikin waɗannan ayyukanta an yi amfani da su a kaikaice don tallata al'amura, a wasu kuma ta yi amfani da aikinta don yin yaƙi kai tsaye a madadin wani batu, ta yin amfani da fasaha a matsayin gwagwarmaya. A baya an yi nasarar dakatar da kamfen ɗin talla na Club 18-30 Billboard 'Beaver Espana & Summer of 69' yayin da Moberly ta shirya kamfen ɗin rubutu don ƙara amintattun taken jima'i waɗanda ta yi tunanin bacewarsu daga tallace-tallacen. Tare da dan wasan barkwanci Mark Thomas, Moberly ya kafa McDemos, wani 'kamfanin mafita na zanga-zangar' ga waɗanda rayuwarsu ta zamani ta cika da yawa don nuna rashin amincewa da kansu. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansu na farko shi ne ƙaddamar da UHC Collective don babban ɓoye na tallan tallace-tallace a Manchester. McDemos ya kasance da hannu sosai a yakin neman soke dokar SOCPA ta Biritaniya (Mummunan Tsarin Laifukan Laifuka da Dokar 'Yan Sanda 2005), tana mai da zanga-zangar zuwa salon fasaha a cikin shiyyar SOCPA da ke kusa da Majalisar Dokoki. Moberly ta shirya tarurrukan bita a Tate Biritaniya kan taken Art a matsayin zanga-zangar kuma ta yi lacca kan batun a Sheffield Hallam da Jami'o'in Metropolitan Manchester. === Nunin Talla na Nazi na Coca-Cola === : "Coca Cola GmbH (Jamus) ta yi aiki tare da Nazis. Kamfanin ya yi tallace-tallace a cikin takardun Nazi na kudi don taimakawa gwamnati. Sun bude masana'antun kwalba a Sudetenland jim kadan bayan Nazis sun mamaye. Sun baje kolin a bikin kasuwanci na Nazi. A cikin 1941 lokacin da Coca Cola GmbH ba zai iya samar da syrup na Amurka don samar da sabon abin sha daga Coke ba. ga kasuwar ruwan sha na Nazi Fanta ce." (Coca Cola's Nazi Adverts - Art Exhibition 2004 press release) <ref name="coke">{{Cite web |last=Mark Thomas & Tracy Sanders-Wood (curators) |date=June 2004 |title=Coca Cola's Nazi Adverts - Art Exhibition |url=http://www.sanderswood.com/exhibitions/nazi_coke/pr.html |access-date=3 July 2011 |publisher=www.sanderswood.com}}</ref> Tracey Moberly da Mark Thomas sun shirya wani nune-nune inda suka gabatar da gayyata ga masu fasaha don sake tunanin yadda tallan Coca-Cola a cikin littattafan Nazi da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na Nazi zai kasance (na asali yana da wuya a gano). Nunin da aka samu ya ƙunshi ɗaruruwan zane-zane kuma an fara nuna shi a cikin Foundry a watan Yuni 2004. Tun daga lokacin ya yi tafiya sosai, ana nunawa a Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico da Rasha. ''The Grocer'' ya ruwaito cewa Coca-Cola ya yi jayayya da gaskiyar da aka gabatar a cikin nunin amma kamfanin bai dauki wani mataki ba a kan Moberly da Thomas. == ''Rubutun Ni Up!'' == Moberly ta adana duk saƙon rubutu da aka aiko mata tun farkon shekarar 1999. Daga wannan kayan ta samar da jerin nune-nunen nune-nunen da ayyukan fasaha. Na farko, ''Text-Me-Up!'' An gudanar da shi a Manchester a shekara ta 2000. Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Text-Me-Up-Too!'' a cikin The Foundry, London, Disamba 2001, inda aka buga saƙonnin rubutu da ta samu a cikin dogayen naɗaɗɗen littattafai, wanda ya haifar da shigarwa irin na haikali. ''Rubutu-Ni-Up-3!'' (2001) da ''T4XT-M4-UP-MOR4...'' (2002) ya haɗa da ƙaddamar da balloons waɗanda aka haɗa su da saƙon rubutu ba da gangan ba. ''Rubutu-Ni-Up-Biyar!'' ya haɗa da halartar wasu masu fasaha huɗu - Danny Pockets, Jaime Rory Lucy, Dunstan Bruce da Moira Minguella. A cikin wannan nunin Tracey ya haɗa sabuwar fasaha ta saƙon rubutu na SMS tare da sana'ar ƙirar gargajiya. Nunin ya buɗe a Foundry a watan Mayu 2006, sannan ya koma Nancy Victor Gallery a London kuma daga baya zuwa Hastings Arts Forum. Tarin saƙon saƙonta shine batun littafin mai zane, ''Text-Me-Up!'' , an buga Yuni 2011. An tsara aikin a kusa da labarai guda uku - saƙonnin rubutu da aka adana daga baya, maganganun saƙon rubutu na yanzu, da kuma rubutun tarihin rayuwa, farawa da ƙarewa a Manchester kuma ya rufe shekaru goma sha ɗaya na rayuwar Tracey a Gabas ta Gabas ta London. Littafin ya kwatanta ayyukanta na haɗin gwiwa tare da fitattun mutane daga shahararrun al'adu ciki har da Alabama 3, Banksy, Tony Benn, Pete Doherty, Bill Drummond, Howard Marks, John SInclair, Gavin Turk da Martyn Ware . == ''Tweet Me Up!'' == A kan 27 Agusta 2012, Moberly ya kirkiro wani aiki a Tate Modern The Tanks dangane da shawarwari ga masu fasaha da aka aika kawai a kan shafukan yanar gizo kamar [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=[ exhibitions ] Tweet-Me-Up |url=http://www.sanderswood.com/exhibitions/120824.Tweet-Me-Up/ |website=www.sanderswood.com}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin jigogin shi ne yadda bambancin zai iya haifar da cin zarafi da tashin hankali. Taron ya tuna da rayuwa da mutuwar tashin hankali na Sophie Lancaster wanda ya mutu (24 Agusta 2007) bayan an kai mata hari da saurayinta a 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Best Things To Do In London – Your Ultimate Guide To London |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/things-to-do/101-things-to-do-in-london |website=Time Out London}}</ref> == Labarai == === By mai zane === * ''Rubutun-Me-Up!'' (2011, Kyawawan Littattafai;  ) === Ya ƙunshi aikin mai zane === * ''Hotunan 25'' (Penkiln Burn, 2014)  * ''Agit Disco'', Stefan Szczelkun (ed.) <ref name="agit">{{Cite web |title=Agit Disco 23 - Tracey Moberly |url=http://www.agitdisco.com/?p=761 |access-date=3 July 2011 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707094438/http://www.agitdisco.com/?p=761 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Littafi (mai zuwa daga ''Mute'' mujallu) * ''Haiti Ghetto Biennale'', Muƙalar Hoto ta Tracey Moberly a cikin ''Dazed & Confused'' Afrilu 2010 <ref name="haiti">{{Cite web |date=28 January 2010 |title=Haiti Ghetto Biennale |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/6425/1/haiti-ghetto-biennale |access-date=6 March 2018 |publisher=Dazed Digital}}</ref> * ''Coke mai maimaitawa'' ta Tracey Moberly a ''Gabashin Latin Amurka'' Satumba 2006 <ref name="cokerepeating">{{Cite journal |year=2006 |title=Coke Repeating |url=http://www.colombiasolidarity.org.uk/media/fla_sep_dec_06.pdf |journal=Frontline Latin America |publisher=Colombia Solidarity Campaign |volume=2 |issue=4 |page=11 |access-date=3 July 2011 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205441/http://www.colombiasolidarity.org.uk/media/fla_sep_dec_06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Sabon Zapatistas: akan hanyar kamfen tare da Subcomandante Marcos'' na Tracey Moberly, ''Dazed & Confused'', Yuli 2006 <ref name="marcos">{{Cite web |title=New Zapatistas: On the Campaign Trail with Subcomandante Marcos |url=http://www.sanderswood.com/press/view/press_images/20060700.dazed_pdf.jpg.html |access-date=6 March 2018 |publisher=Dazed & Confused (archived)}}</ref> * Mujallar ''5'', Gavin Turk ne ya gyara wanda ke nuna aikin Tracey Sanders-Wood da Moira Minguella (Agusta 2004,  ) * ''SIC - Kasada a Anti-Capitalism'' (Oktoba 2002, Latsa Littattafai;  ) * ''Ruhu Mai Yawa, a cikin Idler'', fitowa ta 27 - Kowa Yana Son Wawa (Satumba 2000, Mai Rago;  ) * ''Kewaya Ta'addanci'' ta John Hyatt, tare da gudummawar Tracey Sanders-Wood (Yuli 2000, Ellipsis;  ) * ''Stalk'' tare da Sue Hubbard (Satumba 1999, Jami'ar Metropolitan Manchester;  ) * ''Ba da yaƙi a banza'' tare da Farfesa John Hyatt (Afrilu 1999, Jami'ar Metropolitan Manchester;  ) * ''Ƙirƙira da Al'ada - Fine Arts a Manchester'' (Fabrairu 1999, Jami'ar Metropolitan Manchester;  ) == Duba kuma == * Sukar Coca-Cola - Jamus Nazi da yakin duniya na biyu * SMS saƙonnin rubutu * Zanga-zangar fasaha == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.sanderswood.com/ Sanderswood.com] Gidan yanar gizon Tracey Moberly * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110711150250/http://www.beautiful-books.co.uk/119-text-me-up.html Rubutu-Me-Up!] akan Beautiful-Books.co.uk (mawallafi) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pwkj4d7fqn3qw32iifgpwurlokrvj2e 0 97563 890534 605140 2026-08-02T10:55:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 890534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Reflist}} == Rayuwa == An haifi Sturge a Edgbaston, Birmingham, Ingila a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1849. Ita ce 'yar farko ta Quaker abolitionist Joseph Sturge da matarsa ta biyu Hannah Sturge haifaffen Dickinson . Goggonta mai suna 'yar'uwar Yusufu, kuma ta kasance, kamar Yusufu, wani muhimmin memba na kungiyar yaki da bauta . Bayan karatu a gida, Sophia Sturge ta sadaukar da rayuwarta ga ayyukan agaji da kuma ƙoƙarin kawo gyara. Ta kasance mai son zaman lafiya wacce ta jaddada samar da zaman lafiya ta hanyar mata, ta yi aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Neutrality don adawa da WWI, ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri don taimakawa abokan gaba a WWI kuma ta ba da gudummawar taimako bayan yakin ga yara Jamus. Sturge ta kasance shugabar Young British Women's Temperance Association kuma memba a Women's Liberal Social Council. Ta kasance mai goyon bayan hakkin mata na kada kuri’a. A matsayinta na mai goyon bayan motsin Irish Home Rule kuma tana cikin takaici da talauci a Ireland, ta koma garin Connemara a shekarar 1888. A nan, tare da tallafin kudi daga wasu Quakers, ta kafa masana’antar ƙera kwanduna a ƙauyen Letterfrack, wanda tuni ya zama wurin zama ga wasu Quakers. Ta koyar da matasa mata fasahar ƙera kwanduna, wanda hakan ya haifar da kasuwanci mai ɗorewa da ke sayar da kayansa a Biritaniya. Ta zauna a can har tsawon shekaru bakwai amma daga bisani ta koma Ingila saboda matsalar lafiya. Masana’antar ta ci gaba da aiki karkashin jagoranci har zuwa 1905. A shekara ta 1900, zaman lafiya ya zama babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan ayyukanta kuma ta halarci taron zaman lafiya na duniya da dama. Ta yi adawa da Yaƙin Boer na Biyu kuma ta goyi bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe da Norman Angell wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ya jagoranta. Sturge ya zama memba na Union of Democratic Control, wanda shine ƙungiyar matsin lamba na Burtaniya da aka kafa a 1914. Duk da yake ba ƙungiyar masu fafutuka ba, ta yi adawa da tasirin soja a cikin gwamnati. On 7 August 1914, the British issued orders to detain all those considered to be dangerous. By the end of August, 4,800 people had been interned although many had been living and working in Britain for decades. On the day that WWI was declared, Sturge was travelling home from London to Birmingham when she saw queues of hundreds of Germans waiting to register as enemy aliens. She wrote a letter to Stephen Hobhouse, a fellow Quaker and prominent peace campaigner, to suggest that the enemy aliens would need help. Her suggestion led to the Quakers setting up the “Emergency Committee for the Assistance of Germans, Austrians and Hungarians in distress” (usually known as the Friends' Emergency Committee). Initially, the committee concentrated on finding people willing to provide employment to Germans who had suddenly been made unemployed; accommodation for those who had been evicted from their homes; and financial help. Many Germans who were reservists had been called home, leaving their British wives and children destitute. Sometimes the Committee helped people return to Germany.<ref name="Alien">{{Cite web |title='Enemy Aliens' and Birmingham Quakers |url=http://www.voicesofwarandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/livesandlegacies-homefront.pdf |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Quakers on the Home Front}}</ref> A watan Disamba 1914, wata kungiyar da suka maye gurbinsu da masu grofen [[Isabella Ford|,]] da kuma za ta kara da cewa ta hanyar 'yar jejin mata ta duniya, Margaret Courtney na Pendoh . 'Yan takarar Dutch, karkashin jagorancin Aletta Jacobs, sun ba da shawarar gudanar da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Mata a [[Hague]] . Sophia Sturge ta kasance a cikin Kwamitin tsara shigar Birtaniyya. Matan Birtaniya 180 ne suka so halartar taron kuma an baiwa 25 fasfo. Duk da haka, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta hana su yin balaguro a minti na karshe kuma an kai musu hari a jaridu a matsayin marasa kishin kasa kuma masu goyon bayan Jamus. A ƙarshe, mata uku ne kawai 'yan Burtaniya suka sami damar zuwa Hague. <ref name="Hague">{{Cite web |title=Quaker Women and the Hague Conference |url=http://www.voicesofwarandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/livesandlegacies-homefront.pdf |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Quakers on the Home Front}}</ref> Bayan yakin Sturge ya tafi Netherlands, inda ta taimaka wa yaran Jamus da yakin ya shafa. Ta kuma yi magana a makarantun Burtaniya da yawa kuma ta buga ayyuka da yawa ga yara, ciki har da ''Yara na Yunwa'', tarin wasiƙun yara daga Jamus da Austria da aka rubuta bayan yakin duniya na farko. Bayan lokaci, ta fara tambayar halinta ga Quakerism, kuma ta zama memba na Cocin Ingila. Duk da haka, ta sake komawa Quakerism kafin mutuwarta, a ranar 17 ga Janairu 1936. <ref name="Geni">{{Cite web |title=Sophia Sturge |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Sophia-Sturge/6000000001159540198 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=Geni}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwar 1849]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m1v5t681s15i1k9yplii7avkxchmsnf 890535 890534 2026-08-02T10:56:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 890535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Reflist}} == Rayuwa == An haifi Sturge a Edgbaston, Birmingham, Ingila a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1849. Ita ce 'yar farko ta Quaker abolitionist Joseph Sturge da matarsa ta biyu Hannah Sturge haifaffen Dickinson . Goggonta mai suna 'yar'uwar Yusufu, kuma ta kasance, kamar Yusufu, wani muhimmin memba na kungiyar yaki da bauta . Bayan karatu a gida, Sophia Sturge ta sadaukar da rayuwarta ga ayyukan agaji da kuma ƙoƙarin kawo gyara. Ta kasance mai son zaman lafiya wacce ta jaddada samar da zaman lafiya ta hanyar mata, ta yi aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Neutrality don adawa da WWI, ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri don taimakawa abokan gaba a WWI kuma ta ba da gudummawar taimako bayan yakin ga yara Jamus. Sturge ta kasance shugabar Young British Women's Temperance Association kuma memba a Women's Liberal Social Council. Ta kasance mai goyon bayan hakkin mata na kada kuri’a. A matsayinta na mai goyon bayan motsin Irish Home Rule kuma tana cikin takaici da talauci a Ireland, ta koma garin Connemara a shekarar 1888. A nan, tare da tallafin kudi daga wasu Quakers, ta kafa masana’antar ƙera kwanduna a ƙauyen Letterfrack, wanda tuni ya zama wurin zama ga wasu Quakers. Ta koyar da matasa mata fasahar ƙera kwanduna, wanda hakan ya haifar da kasuwanci mai ɗorewa da ke sayar da kayansa a Biritaniya. Ta zauna a can har tsawon shekaru bakwai amma daga bisani ta koma Ingila saboda matsalar lafiya. Masana’antar ta ci gaba da aiki karkashin jagoranci har zuwa 1905. A shekara ta 1900, zaman lafiya ya zama babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan ayyukanta kuma ta halarci taron zaman lafiya na duniya da dama. Ta yi adawa da Yaƙin Boer na Biyu kuma ta goyi bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe da Norman Angell wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ya jagoranta. Sturge ya zama memba na Union of Democratic Control, wanda shine ƙungiyar matsin lamba na Burtaniya da aka kafa a 1914. Duk da yake ba ƙungiyar masu fafutuka ba, ta yi adawa da tasirin soja a cikin gwamnati. On 7 August 1914, the British issued orders to detain all those considered to be dangerous. By the end of August, 4,800 people had been interned although many had been living and working in Britain for decades. On the day that WWI was declared, Sturge was travelling home from London to Birmingham when she saw queues of hundreds of Germans waiting to register as enemy aliens. She wrote a letter to Stephen Hobhouse, a fellow Quaker and prominent peace campaigner, to suggest that the enemy aliens would need help. Her suggestion led to the Quakers setting up the “Emergency Committee for the Assistance of Germans, Austrians and Hungarians in distress” (usually known as the Friends' Emergency Committee). Initially, the committee concentrated on finding people willing to provide employment to Germans who had suddenly been made unemployed; accommodation for those who had been evicted from their homes; and financial help. Many Germans who were reservists had been called home, leaving their British wives and children destitute. Sometimes the Committee helped people return to Germany.<ref name="Alien">{{Cite web |title='Enemy Aliens' and Birmingham Quakers |url=http://www.voicesofwarandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/livesandlegacies-homefront.pdf |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Quakers on the Home Front}}</ref> A watan Disamba 1914, wata kungiyar da suka maye gurbinsu da masu grofen[[Isabella Ford|,]] da kuma za ta kara da cewa ta hanyar 'yar jejin mata ta duniya, Margaret Courtney na Pendoh . 'Yan takarar Dutch, karkashin jagorancin Aletta Jacobs, sun ba da shawarar gudanar da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Mata a [[Hague]] . Sophia Sturge ta kasance a cikin Kwamitin tsara shigar Birtaniyya. Matan Birtaniya 180 ne suka so halartar taron kuma an baiwa 25 fasfo. Duk da haka, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta hana su yin balaguro a minti na karshe kuma an kai musu hari a jaridu a matsayin marasa kishin kasa kuma masu goyon bayan Jamus. A ƙarshe, mata uku ne kawai 'yan Burtaniya suka sami damar zuwa Hague.<ref name="Hague">{{Cite web |title=Quaker Women and the Hague Conference |url=http://www.voicesofwarandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/livesandlegacies-homefront.pdf |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Quakers on the Home Front}}</ref> Bayan yakin Sturge ya tafi Netherlands, inda ta taimaka wa yaran Jamus da yakin ya shafa. Ta kuma yi magana a makarantun Burtaniya da yawa kuma ta buga ayyuka da yawa ga yara, ciki har da ''Yara na Yunwa'', tarin wasiƙun yara daga Jamus da Austria da aka rubuta bayan yakin duniya na farko. Bayan lokaci, ta fara tambayar halinta ga Quakerism, kuma ta zama memba na Cocin Ingila. Duk da haka, ta sake komawa Quakerism kafin mutuwarta, a ranar 17 ga Janairu 1936. <ref name="Geni">{{Cite web |title=Sophia Sturge |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Sophia-Sturge/6000000001159540198 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=Geni}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwar 1849]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6xy73dj2lfdxgufouwovb4e2s4zkxgc 0 97645 890475 738743 2026-08-02T09:01:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Oak ɗin Suffrage itace itacen itacen oak na [[Hungariya|Hungary]] ( Quercus frainetto ) a Kelvingrove Park a [[Glasgow]], an dasa shi a cikin 1918 ta ƙungiyoyin mata da yawa don tunawa da wucewa akan Wakilcin Dokar Jama'a a 1918. Kwamitin Mata na Majalisar Garin Glasgow ya kara wani rubutu a cikin 1995 akan Ranar Mata ta Duniya . An nada shi Bishiyar Bishiyar Shekara ta Scotland a cikin 2015 bayan an zaɓe ta da Laburaren Mata na Glasgow . [1] [2] == Tarihi == Louisa Lumsden <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2018 |title=Roll of honour: Ten Scottish women who fought for the right to vote |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/16950700.roll-of-honour-ten-scottish-women-who-fought-for-the-right-to-vote/ |access-date=2020-03-11 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> ce ta [[shuka]] itacen a madadin ƙungiyoyin neman zaɓen mata daban-daban a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1918 don tunawa da Wakilcin Dokar Jama'a 1918, Dokar Majalisar Dokoki ta zartar a cikin Fabrairu 1918. An zartar da wakilcin Dokar Jama'a ta 1918 don sake fasalin tsarin zabe a Burtaniya da Ireland. Dokar ta tsawaita jefa kuri'a a zaben 'yan majalisa ga mazan da suka haura shekaru 21, ko sun mallaki dukiya ko a'a, da kuma mata masu shekaru sama da 30 da ke zaune a mazabar yayin da suke mamaye filaye ko wuraren da darajarsu ta wuce £5, ko kuma mazajensu sun yi. Haka kuma, ta tsawaita kuri’ar kananan hukumomin da za ta hada da mata masu shekaru sama da 30 a matsayin maza. Ya fara aiki ne a babban zaben 1918 . An jera wani taron da za a dasa bishiyar tunawa a cikin <nowiki><i id="mwLg">Daily Record</i></nowiki> da ''Daily Mail ta'' sanarwar jama'a a ranar 19 Afrilu 1918 a matsayin 'Gudanar da Wakilci na Dokar Jama'a, 1918. Haɗin gwiwa na Gida' da Glasgow Herald ya ruwaito taron ya shirya ta Glasgow Society of Women's Suffarage, Scott Women's Suffarage, Scott League . Masu Ra'ayin mazan jiya da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mata da Ƙungiyar Suffragists . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-20 |title=The Suffrage Oak: Marking 100 Years of Women 'Living and Growing' into the Body Politic – Women's History Scotland |url=https://womenshistoryscotland.org/2018/04/19/the-suffrage-oak-marking-100-years-of-women-living-and-growing-into-the-body-politic/ |access-date=2023-10-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan yunƙuri na gamayya ya nuna cewa taron an yi niyya ne don haɗa kai da kuma nuna farin ciki ga dukan matan da suka yi yaƙi don jefa ƙuri'a, ciki har da wakilai daga kowane bangare na motsin zaɓen ciki har da Louisa Lumsden, Frances Melville, Eunice Murray, da Chrystal Macmillan waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin 'mai magana na tunawa' a taron. Jaridar ''Sunday Post'' ta ranar 21 ga Afrilun 1918 ta ba da rahoto kan lamarin kamar haka: {{Blockquote|text=A ceremony that was probably unique in the annals of the votes for women campaign took place this afternoon in Kelvingrove Park, where a young oak tree was planted by representatives of the Glasgow Women's Suffrage Societies, in commemoration of the passing of the [[Representation of the People Act 1918|Representation of the People Act]]. There was a goodly gathering of ladies, many of whom wore the tricolour and other sashes associated with the different Suffrage Societies. Miss [[Frances Melville]], who presided, described the granting of the vote to women as the most important change that had taken place in the long and chequered history the British Constitution Miss Louisa Lumsden, L.L.D., who planted the tree, referred to the noble work of the pioneers of the movement, and pleaded for the setting aside of any narrowness, pettiness, class feeling, and prejudice in connection with the consideration of political and other questions.|title=Glasgow Women and the Vote- Commemoration Tree Planted|source=The Post Sunday Special}} == Tarihi na baya-bayan nan == [[Fayil:Suffragette_Oak_&_Sign.jpg|left|thumb| Oak ɗin Suffrage a cikin Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow]] A watan Oktoban 2017 bishiyar ta yi asarar kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na alfarwarta a lokacin guguwar Ophelia kuma ta sami tsagewa sosai a gangar jikinta. Don ajiye bishiyar da kare jama'a, Majalisar Glasgow City ta rage tsayinta kuma ta sake daidaita alfarwar. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 January 2018 |title=Pieces of historic Suffragette Oak tree will help raise funds for Glasgow Women's Library |url=http://www.thenational.scot/news/15840984.Pieces_of_historic_Suffragette_Oak_tree_will_help_raise_funds_for_Glasgow_Women_s_Library/ |access-date=2018-01-23 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> An ba da kyauta ga ɗakin karatu na Mata na Glasgow don ƙirƙirar kayayyaki don siyarwa waɗanda ke murna da ƙoƙarin waɗanda aka zaɓa. <ref name=":0" /> Waɗannan daga baya sun zama 'yan kunne, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow Women's Library on Instagram: "🎄 Day 10 of The 12 Days of GWL Christmas🎄 Suffrage Oak Earrings £10 From Small Acorns |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CmKAjaOqXrM/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref> allunan yanka, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow Women's Library on Instagram: "🎄 Day 11 of The 12 Days of GWL Christmas🎄 Suffrage Oak & Resin Charcuterie Boards £60 (only 6 will ever be made) From Small Acorns |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CmMrTiZKEQA/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref> ƙwanƙwasa, maganadisu da akwatunan kwalliya, wanda mai zane na gida Annie Graham ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow Women's Library on Instagram: "New Suffrage Oak Merch Alert! We are thrilled to have had the opportunity to work with Glasgow School of Art graduate, Annie Graham (MLitt Sculpture) |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cpfc7dyKgZN/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref> == Ganewa == Akan [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Matan Duniya]] [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar]] 1995, Kwamitin Mata na [[City Glasgow council|Glasgow City Council]] ya kafa wani allo kusa da bishiyar wanda ke cewa, 'Ƙungiyoyin Matan Mata sun dasa wannan itacen oak a Glasgow a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1918 don tunawa da ba da kuri'a ga mata.' <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Suffrage Oak: Marking 100 Years of Women 'Living and Growing' into the Body Politic – Women's History Scotland |url=http://womenshistoryscotland.org/2018/04/19/the-suffrage-oak-marking-100-years-of-women-living-and-growing-into-the-body-politic/ |access-date=2021-05-19 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2015 itaciyar Woodland Trust ta sanya sunan itacen bishiyar Scotland's Bishiyar Shekarar shekara bayan Laburaren Mata na Glasgow ta nada shi. An ba da lambar yabo ga wakilai daga ɗakin karatu na mata na Glasgow a majalisar dokokin Scotland a [[Edinburgh]] a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2015. Woodland Trust ya zabi Suffrage Oak don kyautar Bishiyar Turai ta 2016. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=European Tree of the Year |url=https://www.treeoftheyear.org/Letosni-rocnik/Dub-sufrazetek.aspx |access-date=2018-01-23 |website=www.treeoftheyear.org }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Gidan hoton hoto ==   == Duba kuma == * Jerin ɗayan bishiyoyi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Women's suffrage in Scotland}} [[Rukuni:Bangare a scotland]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qmgtcm3bv8r2ife40w67za40y57oznt 0 98787 890460 720142 2026-08-02T07:34:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yvette Yaa Konadu Tetteh''' 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Ghana-Birtaniya kuma Shugaba na Pure and Just Food, wanda ke sarrafa alamar Yvaya Farm Dried Fruit.<ref name="Larnyoh">{{Cite news |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=2023-05-19 |title=In 40 days: GH woman Yvette Tetteh becomes 1st person to swim across Volta River |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/233807-ghanaian-british-yvette-tetteh-person-swim-volta-river/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |work=Yen |language=en}}</ref> An bayyana cewa ita ce ‘yar Ghana ta farko da ta yi ninkaya a tsawon kogin Volta a Ghana.<ref name="Larnyoh" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Ghanaian Activist Swims Volta River to Spotlight Water Pollution |last=Tord |first=Senanu |date=2023-04-13 |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/ghanaian-activist-swims-volta-river-to-spotlight-water-pollution/7049536.html |work=VOA |access-date=2024-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Tetteh ta halarci [[Jami'ar Stanford]] don karatun digirinta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Torvaney |first=James |date=2021-12-09 |title=Ghana: Entrepreneur shares his experiences in the dried fruit industry |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/ghana-entrepreneur-shares-his-experiences-in-the-dried-fruit-industry/134439/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=How we made it in Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809122228/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/ghana-entrepreneur-shares-his-experiences-in-the-dried-fruit-industry/134439/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yin iyo a hayin kogin Volta == A cikin watan Maris 2023, Tetteh ta tashi don yin iyo a kogin Volta na Ghana tare da haɗin gwiwar The Or Foundation <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Or Foundation |url=https://theor.org |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=theor.org |language=en}}</ref> a kan balaguron ruwan rayuwa na Agbetsi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2023 |title=Overcoming The Impossible, Yvette Tetteh and The Or Foundation Celebrate the Finale of a Historic 450km Swim Down the Volta River System |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1231872/overcoming-the-impossible-yvette-tetteh-and-the.html |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Wasan da ta yi shi ne don wayar da kan jama'a game da gurɓatar rafukan ruwa a Ghana ta hanyar tufafin da aka yi amfani da su daga ƙasashen da suka ci gaba a Arewacin Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Appiah-Fei |first=Esther Owusua |date=June 26, 2023 |title=Into the Volta: How Yvette Tetteh Challenged Ghana's Textile Waste Crisis With a Swimming Expedition |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/yvette-tetteh-challenged-ghanas-textile-waste-crisis/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Okayafrica |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127103158/https://www.okayafrica.com/yvette-tetteh-challenged-ghanas-textile-waste-crisis/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tafiyar na da nufin faɗaɗa bincike game da tasirin gurɓataccen iska a kan magudanan ruwa na Ghana da kuma tallafawa sauye-sauyen manufofi a zaman wani ɓangare na [https://stopwastecolonialism.org Kamfen na Dakatar da Almubazzaranci], ta hanyar yin kira ga [https://epr.globalrec.org duniya da ta dace da manufofin Extended Producer Responsibility policy] dangane da saka da tufafi. Tetteh ta yi iyo a jimlar Kilomita 450 (mil 280) daga Arewacin kogin Volta zuwa Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-18 |title=Yvette Tetteh is swimming 450KM across Volta Lake |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Yvette-Tetteh-is-swimming-450KM-across-Volta-Lake-1750964 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> Ma'aikatan balaguro sun rayu kuma sun yi aiki a kan cikakken jirgin bincike mai amfani da hasken rana da aka gina a Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2023 |title=Yvette Tetteh and The Or Foundation complete history making 450km swim across the River Volta |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/yvette-tetteh-and-the-or-foundation-complete-history-making-450km-swim-across-the-river-volta |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hxubx2aymqeqocx7895zpoz4we06u1h 0 99183 890243 881337 2026-08-01T18:18:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Reverse_osmosis_desalination_plant.JPG|thumb|312x312px|Tsire-tsire na osmosis na baya a Barcelona, Spain]] Tsarkakewa tsari ne wanda ke cire ma'adanai daga ruwan gishiri. Fiye da haka, Tsarkakewa shine cire gishiri da ma'adanai daga wani abu. Misali daya shine cire gishiri daga ƙasa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikin gona. Yana yiwuwa a cire ruwan gishiri, musamman ruwan teku, don samar da ruwan amfani da mutum zai yi ko ban ruwa. Samfurin da aka samo daga tsarin cire gishiri brine saline.<ref name="PanagopoulosHaralambousLoizidou2019">{{Cite journal |last=Panagopoulos |first=Argyris |last2=Haralambous |first2=Katherine-Joanne |last3=Loizidou |first3=Maria |date=2019-11-25 |title=Desalination brine disposal methods and treatment technologies – A review |journal=The Science of the Total Environment |volume=693 |pages=133545 |bibcode=2019ScTEn.69333545P |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.351 |issn=1879-1026 |pmid=31374511 |s2cid=199387639}}</ref> Yawancin jiragen ruwa da na karkashin ruwa suna amfani da cire ruwa. Sha'awar zamani game da cire gishiri galibi tana mai da hankali kan samar da Ruwa mai kyau don amfanin mutum. Tare da ruwan da aka sake amfani da shi, yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|albarkatun ruwa]] masu zaman kansu daga ruwan sama.<ref name="Fischetti2007">{{Cite journal |last=Fischetti |first=Mark |date=September 2007 |title=Fresh from the Sea |journal=Scientific American |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=118–119 |bibcode=2007SciAm.297c.118F |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0907-118 |pmid=17784633}}</ref> Saboda amfani da makamashi, cire ruwan teku gabaɗaya ya fi tsada fiye da ruwa mai laushi daga ruwa mai zurfi ko ruwa mai zurfin ƙasa, sake amfani da ruwa da kiyayewa; duk da haka, waɗannan madadin ba koyaushe suke samuwa ba kuma raguwar ajiya matsala ce mai mahimmanci a duk duniya.<ref name="EbrahimiNajafpourYousefiKebria2019">{{Cite journal |last=Ebrahimi |first=Atieh |last2=Najafpour |first2=Ghasem D |last3=Yousefi Kebria |first3=Daryoush |year=2019 |title=Performance of microbial desalination cell for salt removal and energy generation using different catholyte solutions |journal=Desalination |volume=432 |page=1 |doi=10.1016/j.desal.2018.01.002}}</ref><ref name="Transcript">{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2019 |title=Making the Deserts Bloom: Harnessing nature to deliver us from drought, Distillations Podcast and transcript, Episode 239 |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/podcast/making-the-deserts-bloom |access-date=27 August 2019 |website=Science History Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elsaid |first=Khaled |last2=Kamil |first2=Mohammed |last3=Sayed |first3=Enas Taha |last4=Abdelkareem |first4=Mohammad Ali |last5=Wilberforce |first5=Tabbi |last6=Olabi |first6=A. |date=2020 |title=Environmental impact of desalination technologies: A review |journal=[[Science of the Total Environment]] |volume=748 |pages=141528 |bibcode=2020ScTEn.74841528E |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141528 |pmid=32818886}}</ref> Hanyoyin cire gishiri suna amfani da ko dai hanyoyin zafi (a cikin yanayin distillation) ko hanyoyin da suka danganci membrane (misali a cikin yanayin osmosis na baya). {{Rp|24}} Wani kimantawa a cikin 2018 ya gano cewa "18,426 desalination plants suna aiki a cikin sama da ƙasashe 150. Suna samar da cubic mita miliyan 87 na ruwa mai tsabta kowace rana kuma suna samar da sama da mutane miliyan 300. ": 24 Ƙarfin makamashi ya inganta: Yanzu kusan ³ kWh / m³ (a cikin 2018), ya sauka da kashi 10 daga 20-30 kWh / M3 a cikin 1970. <ref name="IWA2022" />: 24 Duk da haka, desalination ya wakilci kusan kashi 25% na makamashi da Sashin ruwa ya cinye a cikin 2016. <ref name="IWA2022" /> : 24 {{Rp|24}} == Tarihi == Tsohon masanin falsafar Girka [[Aristotle]] ya lura a cikin aikinsa na Meteorology cewa "ruwan gishiri, lokacin da ya juya ya zama tururi, ya zama mai daɗi kuma tururi ba ya sake samar da ruwan gishiri lokacin da ya taru", kuma cewa kyakkyawan jirgin ruwan zai riƙe ruwan sha bayan an nutse shi tsawon lokaci a cikin ruwan teku, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin membrane don tace gishiri. A lokaci guda an yi rikodin cire ruwan teku a kasar Sin. Dukkanin Classic of Mountains da Ruwa Seas a cikin Lokacin Yakin Jihohi da ''Ka'idar Shekara ɗaya'' a cikin Daular Han ta Gabas sun ambaci cewa mutane sun gano cewa matsunan bamboo da aka yi amfani da su don shinkafa za su samar da wani nau'i na waje bayan amfani da dogon lokaci. Fim ɗin da aka tsara yana da adsorption da musayar ion, wanda zai iya adsorb gishiri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=Huachao |last2=Xu |first2=Haoyuan |date=2021-03-01 |title=Investigation and Research on the Status Quo of Informatization Development at Home and Abroad |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=692 |issue=2 |pages=022040 |bibcode=2021E&ES..692b2040Z |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/692/2/022040 |issn=1755-1307 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ===Lokutan Dā=== Tunanin farko da ya shafi cire gishiri daga ruwan teku ana iya danganta shi da Aristotle, wanda ya lura a cikin ''Meteorology'' cewa idan ruwan teku ya ƙone ya tashi sama, tururin da ya taru ya koma ruwan sha mai tsabta ba tare da gishiri ba. Wannan ya nuna fahimtar farko game da ƙonewa da kuma taruwar tururi. Ya kuma bayyana yadda kwandon kakin zuma zai iya riƙe ruwan sha bayan an nutsar da shi cikin ruwan teku, yana nuna wani tsohon tsarin tacewa.<ref>Aristotle with E.W. Webster, trans., ''Meteorologica'', in: Ross, W. D., ed., ''The Works of Aristotle'', vol. 3, (Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1931), Book III, [https://archive.org/stream/workstranslatedi03arisuoft#page/n71/mode/2up §358: 16–18 and §359: 1–5.]</ref> A kasar Sin ta dā ma an samu bayanai kan cire gishiri daga ruwan teku. Rubuce-rubucen da suka shafi lokacin Yaƙin Jihohi da kuma Daular Han ta Gabas sun bayyana yadda tabarmar bamboo da ake amfani da ita wajen dafa shinkafa ke samun wani siririn ɓawon waje bayan dogon amfani, wanda ake ɗauka yana da ikon shan gishiri.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Huachao |last2=Xu |first2=Haoyuan |date=March 1, 2021 |title=Investigation and Research on the Status Quo of Informatization Development at Home and Abroad |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=692 |issue=2 |article-number=022040 |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/692/2/022040 |bibcode=2021E&ES..692b2040Z |issn=1755-1307 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A gaba ɗaya, misalan gwaje-gwaje kan cire gishiri daga ruwan teku sun bayyana a zamanin dā da kuma Tsakiyar Zamani, duk da haka sun kasance ƙanana ne kuma ba su da amfani sosai.<ref>See: *Joseph Needham, Ho Ping-Yu, Lu Gwei-Djen, Nathan Sivin, ''Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology'' (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1980), [https://books.google.com/books?id=xrNDwP0pS8sC&pg=PA60 p. 60.] *Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 A.D.) wrote, in his commentary on Aristotle's ''Meteorology'', that if a lid is placed on a boiling pot of seawater, fresh water will condense on the lid. *In his ''Hexaemeron'', Homily IV, § 7, St. Basil of Caesarea (c. 329–379 AD) mentioned that sailors produced fresh water via distillation. Saint Basil with Sister Agnes Clare Way, trans., ''Saint Basil Exegetic Homilies'' (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1963), p. 65. [https://books.google.com/books?id=AWxwDmFvDiwC&pg=PA65 From p. 65:] "Moreover, it is possible to see the water of the sea boiled by sailors, who, catching the vapors in sponges, relieve their thirst fairly well in times of need."</ref> Babban tsarin cire gishiri daga ruwan teku bai samu ba sai a zamanin zamani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sample |url=http://www.desware.net/Sample-Chapters/D01/01-003.pdf |website=www.desware.net}}</ref> ===Tsakiyar Zamani da Renesans (ƙarni na 5–17)=== A Tsakiyar Zamani, cire gishiri daga ruwan teku ya kasance ƙanana ne kuma ya ta’allaka da distillation, inda ake dumama ruwan teku don samar da tururi wanda ake tarawa ya koma ruwan sha. Wadannan hanyoyi sun kasance ƙanana ne kuma ana amfani da su musamman a cikin jiragen ruwa.<ref name="Birkett1984">{{Cite journal |last=Birkett |first=James D. |date=January 1, 1984 |title=A brief illustrated history of desalination: From the bible to 1940 |journal=Desalination |language=en |volume=50 |pages=17–52 |doi=10.1016/0011-9164(84)85014-6 |bibcode=1984Desal..50...17B |issn=0011-9164}}</ref> A lokacin Renesans, Leonardo da Vinci ya bayar da gudummawa ta musamman inda ya ba da shawarar cewa ruwan da aka distill za a iya samar da shi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar daidaita injin distillation zuwa murhun girki.<ref>J. R. Partington, History of Chemistry, Vol. 2–3, Macmillan, London, 1962.</ref> }} ===Zamanin Masana’antu (ƙarni na 19)=== Hanyoyin cire gishiri daga ruwan teku sun sauya sosai tun farkon ƙarni na 19 tare da yaɗuwar injin tururi da ci gaban thermodynamics. Bukatar ruwan tsabta don injinan tururi da kuma yaɗuwar mulkin mallaka na Turawa zuwa yankunan hamada ya ƙara buƙatar ci gaban fasahar cire gishiri.<ref name="Birkett1984" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lyle |first=Oliver |url={{google books|plainurl=yes|id=dtgTngEACAAJ}} |title=The Efficient Use of Steam |date=1956 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |language=en}}</ref> ===Ƙarni na 20=== Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, fasahar cire gishiri ta ci gaba sosai. Hanyoyin thermal kamar multi-effect flash da multi-stage flash desalination sun samu ci gaba sosai, musamman a yankunan da ba su da isasshen ruwan sha. Haka kuma, an fara amfani da hanyoyin freeze–thaw desalination.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mao |first1=Shudi |last2=Onggowarsito |first2=Casey |last3=Feng |first3=An |last4=Zhang |first4=Stella |last5=Fu |first5=Qiang |last6=Nghiem |first6=Long D. |date=2023 |title=A cryogel solar vapor generator |journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry A |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=858–867 |doi=10.1039/d2ta08317e |issn=2050-7488}}</ref> ===Ƙarni na 21 da ci gaban zamani=== Tun farkon ƙarni na 21, ƙarfin cire gishiri daga ruwan teku ya ƙaru sosai, tare da dubban masana’antu a duk duniya, musamman a Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref name="AngelakisValipourChooAhmedBabaKumarToorWang2021">{{Cite journal |last1=Angelakis |first1=Andreas N. |last2=Valipour |first2=Mohammad |date=August 16, 2021 |title=Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future |journal=Water |volume=13 |issue=16 |page=2222 |doi=10.3390/w13162222}}</ref> Reverse osmosis ya zama fasahar da ta fi rinjaye saboda sauƙin amfani da kuma ƙarancin kuzari.<ref name="AngelakisValipourChooAhmedBabaKumarToorWang2021" /> Bincike a ƙarni na 21 ya fi mayar da hankali kan inganci da dorewa, ciki har da haɗa makamashin sabuntawa kamar hasken rana da iska cikin tsarin cire gishiri, da kuma haɓaka sabbin membranes kamar graphene, biomimetic, ceramic, da nanocomposite.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Al-Obaidi |first1=Mudhar A. |date=April 11, 2024 |title=Integration of Renewable Energy Systems in Desalination |journal=Processes |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=770 |doi=10.3390/pr12040770}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, an kiyasta cewa akwai kusan masana’antu 22,000 da ke aiki a duniya.<ref name="AngelakisValipourChooAhmedBabaKumarToorWang2021" /> }} ==Aikace-aikace== {{external media | width = 160px | float = upright | headerimage= | audio1 = [https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/podcast/making-the-deserts-bloom "Mayar da Hamada ta yi Kore: Amfani da dabi’a wajen kawar da fari"], Podcast ɗin Distillations da rubutaccen bayani, Episode 239, 19 ga Maris, 2019, Science History Institute }} [[File:Multiflash.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Zane na wani multistage flash desalinator<br />A – tururi mai shigowa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B – ruwan teku mai shigowa&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C – ruwan sha mai fita<br />D – brine mai fita (shara)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;E – condensate mai fita&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F – musayar zafi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;G – tattara ruwan da aka tace (ruwan da aka cire gishiri)<br />H – tukunyar dumama brine<br /> pressure vessel yana aiki a matsayin countercurrent heat exchanger. Wani vacuum pump yana rage matsin lamba a cikin tanki domin sauƙaƙe fitar tururin ruwan teku mai zafi (brine) wanda ke shiga daga gefen dama (launuka masu duhu suna nuna ƙarancin zafi). Tururin yana tattaruwa a kan bututun da ke saman tanki inda sabon ruwan teku ke tafiya daga hagu zuwa dama.]] A yanzu akwai kimanin tsire-tsiren tace ruwan gishiri 21,000 da ke aiki a duniya. Manyan su suna a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Saudi Arabia, da Isra’ila. Babbar masana’antar tace ruwan gishiri a duniya tana a Saudi Arabia (Ras Al-Khair Power and Desalination Plant) tare da ƙarfin samar da mita-cubic 1,401,000 na ruwa a kowace rana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Largest water desalination plant|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/425709-largest-water-desalination-plant|access-date=August 21, 2020|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-GB}}</ref> Tace ruwan gishiri yana da tsada idan aka kwatanta da yawancin hanyoyin samun ruwa, kuma ƙaramin kaso ne kawai na amfani da ruwa na ɗan adam ake samun sa ta wannan hanya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Do Thi |first1=Huyen Trang |last2=Pasztor |first2=Tibor |last3=Fozer |first3=Daniel |last4=Manenti |first4=Flavio |last5=Toth |first5=Andras Jozsef |date=January 2021 |title=Comparison of Desalination Technologies Using Renewable Energy Sources with Life Cycle, PESTLE, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses |journal=Water |volume=13 |issue=21 |page=3023 |doi=10.3390/w13213023 |issn=2073-4441|doi-access=free }}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Warsinger |first1=David M. |last2=Tow |first2=Emily W. |last3=Nayar |first3=Kishor G. |last4=Maswadeh |first4=Laith A. |last5=Lienhard V |first5=John H. |date=2016 |title=Energy efficiency of batch and semi-batch (CCRO) reverse osmosis desalination |journal=Water Research |volume=106 |pages=272–282 |doi=10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.029 |pmid=27728821 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yawanci ana amfani da shi ne kawai a wuraren da ruwa ke da daraja sosai (kamar amfani na gida da masana’antu) a yankunan da ke da ƙanƙarar ruwa (arid). Duk da haka, ana samun ƙaruwa wajen amfani da shi a aikin noma domin magance salin ƙasa (soil desalination). Hakanan, yawancin jiragen ruwa da submarines suna amfani da tace ruwan gishiri. Amfani mafi yawa yana a birane masu yawan jama’a kamar Singapore<ref>{{Cite web |last=Theng |first=Charlotte Kng Yoong |date=September 16, 2022 |title=Daga NEWater zuwa noma a tsaye: Muhimman matakai a tafiyar Singapore na shekaru 50 zuwa dorewa |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/mse-from-newater-to-vertical-farming-key-milestones-singapore-50-year-journey-towards-sustainability |access-date=April 21, 2023 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> ko California.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Canon |first=Gabrielle |date=May 11, 2022 |title=California na yanke shawara kan makomar masana’antar desalination a lokacin fari |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/11/california-desalination-plant-water-drought |access-date=April 21, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> da musamman a yankin Persian Gulf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Le Quesne |first1=W. J. F. |last2=Fernand |first2=L. |last3=Ali |first3=T. S. |last4=Andres |first4=O. |last5=Antonpoulou |first5=M. |last6=Burt |first6=J. A. |last7=Dougherty |first7=W. W. |last8=Edson |first8=P. J. |last9=El Kharraz |first9=J. |last10=Glavan |first10=J. |last11=Mamiit |first11=R. J. |date=December 1, 2021 |title=Is the development of desalination compatible with sustainable development of the Arabian Gulf? |journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin |volume=173 |issue=Pt A |article-number=112940 |doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112940 |pmid=34537571 |issn=0025-326X|doi-access=free }}</ref> Kudin makamashi a hanyoyin tace ruwan gishiri yana bambanta sosai gwargwadon gishirin ruwan, girman shuka da nau’in tsari. A yanzu farashin tace ruwan teku ya fi na hanyoyin ruwa na gargajiya, amma ana sa ran zai ragu tare da ci gaban fasaha, ciki har da inganta amfani da makamashi, rage girman shuka, inganta aiki, da amfani da makamashi mai rahusa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thiel |first=Gregory P. |date=June 1, 2015 |title=Salty solutions |journal=Physics Today |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=66–67 |doi=10.1063/PT.3.2828 |issn=0031-9228 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa desalination ba koyaushe ba ne mai arha ko mai dorewa, musamman a wuraren da ke da nisa daga teku, ko a yankunan da ke da tudu mai tsawo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Yuan |title=Evaluating the costs of desalination and water transport |journal=Water Resources Research |volume=41 |issue=3 |page=03003 |doi=10.1029/2004WR003749}}</ref> A irin waɗannan wurare, yana iya zama mafi arha a jigilar ruwa daga wani wuri fiye da gina masana’antar tace ruwan gishiri. Misali, birane kamar New Delhi, Mexico City, Riyadh da Harare suna fuskantar irin wannan ƙalubale, yayin da birane na bakin teku kamar Beijing, Bangkok, Zaragoza, Phoenix da Tripoli suna da ƙarancin matsalar jigilar ruwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Evaluating the costs of desalination and water transport|url=http://www.uni-hamburg.de/Wiss/FB/15/Sustainability/DesalinationFNU41_revised.pdf|publisher=Hamburg University}}</ref> A 2023, Isra’ila na amfani da desalination wajen cika ruwan Sea of Galilee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Israel refills the Sea of Galilee, supplying Jordan on the way|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/israel-refills-sea-galilee-supplying-215147564.html}}</ref> Wasu masana suna ganin cewa desalination na iya zama mai tsada sosai kuma ba koyaushe ya dace ba, don haka ƙasashe su mayar da hankali kan kiyaye ruwa da sauran hanyoyin samar da ruwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Desalination: Unlocking Lessons from Yesterday's Solution (part 1)|url=http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/01/17/desalination-unlocking-lessons-from-yesterdays-solution-part-1/}}</ref> ==Fasahohi== <noinclude>{{Desalination}}</noinclude> Mafi yawan hanyoyin tace ruwan gishiri sune [[distillation]] da [[reverse osmosis]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shammas |first=Nazih K. |title=Water and wastewater engineering: water supply and wastewater removal |date=2011 |publisher=Wiley |others=Lawrence K. Wang |isbn=978-0-470-41192-6 |location=Hoboken, N.J. |oclc=639163996}}</ref> Akwai hanyoyi da dama.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Curto |first1=Domenico |last2=Franzitta |first2=Vincenzo |last3=Guercio |first3=Andrea |title=A Review of the Water Desalination Technologies |journal=[[Applied Sciences (journal)|Applied Sciences]] |date=2021 |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=670 |doi=10.3390/app11020670 |doi-access=free|hdl=10447/479195 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Kowanne yana da fa’ida da rashin fa’ida, amma duka suna da amfani. Za a iya raba hanyoyin zuwa na membrane (misali reverse osmosis) da na zafi (thermal-based) kamar [[multi-stage flash distillation]].<ref name="PanagopoulosHaralambousLoizidou2019" /> Hanyar gargajiya ita ce distillation, wato tafasa ruwa da sake [[condensation]] dinsa domin barin gishiri da datti a baya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oas.org/usde/publications/unit/oea59e/ch21.htm|title=2.2 Desalination by distillation|website=www.oas.org}}</ref> A halin yanzu akwai manyan fasahohi biyu da ke da kaso mafi yawa na ƙarfin tace ruwan gishiri a duniya: multi-stage flash distillation da reverse osmosis. === Distillation === ====Solar distillation==== [[Solar distillation]] yana kwaikwayon tsarin zagayowar ruwa na halitta, inda rana ke dumama ruwan teku har ya fara evaporate.<ref name=Khawaji /> Bayan evaporation, tururin ruwa yana taruwa a saman sanyi ya koma ruwa.<ref name=Khawaji /> Akwai nau’i biyu na solar desalination. Na farko yana amfani da photovoltaic cells domin canza makamashin rana zuwa wutar lantarki don gudanar da tsarin. Na biyu yana canza makamashin rana zuwa zafi, wanda ake kira solar thermal powered desalination. ====Natural evaporation==== Ruwa na iya evaporate ta wasu hanyoyin jiki daban da hasken rana kawai. Wadannan hanyoyi an shigar da su cikin tsarin desalination na hadaka a cikin [[IBTS Greenhouse]]. IBTS wani masana’antar desalination ce a gefe guda, sannan a gefe guda greenhouse ce da ke amfani da tsarin zagayowar ruwa na halitta (an rage shi zuwa 1:10). Dukkan matakan evaporation da condensation suna faruwa cikin tsarin gine-gine na musamman, wasu a karkashin kasa. Wannan tsarin yana da amfani sosai wajen [[desert greening]] mai girma saboda yana bukatar babban fili na ruwa da kuma canjin yanayin kasa zuwa kore.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ====Vacuum distillation==== A cikin [[vacuum distillation]], ana rage matsin lamba na iska, wanda ke rage zafin da ruwa ke bukata kafin ya fara tafasa. Ruwa yana tafasa ne idan matsin tururi ya kai na muhalli. Don haka idan matsin ya ragu, ruwa na iya tafasa a ƙananan zafi. Wannan yana ba da damar amfani da zafin da aka ɓata daga wutar lantarki ko masana’antu wajen dumama ruwa. ====Multi-stage flash distillation==== Ana tace ruwa ta hanyar [[multi-stage flash distillation]], wato jerin matakai na “flash evaporation”.<ref name=Khawaji>{{cite journal|last1=Khawaji|first1=Akili D.|last2=Kutubkhanah|first2=Ibrahim K.|last3=Wie|first3=Jong-Mihn|title=Advances in seawater desalination technologies|journal=Desalination|volume=221|issue=1–3|pages=47–69|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.067|date=March 2008|bibcode=2008Desal.221...47K }}</ref> Kowanne mataki yana amfani da makamashin da aka saki daga condensation na tururin matakin baya.<ref name=Khawaji /> ====Multiple-effect distillation==== [[Multiple-effect distillation]] (MED) yana aiki da matakai da ake kira “effects”.<ref name=Khawaji /> Ana fesa ruwa a kan bututu da ake dumama su don samar da tururi. Wannan tururin yana dumama sabon ruwan teku da ke shigowa.<ref name=Khawaji /> Don inganta aiki, ana iya amfani da tururin daga tashoshin wutar lantarki.<ref name=Khawaji /> Duk da cewa wannan hanya tana da inganci sosai wajen amfani da zafi,<ref name=WarsingerEntropy>{{cite journal|last1=Warsinger|first1=David M.|last2=Mistry|first2= Karan H.|last3=Nayar|first3=Kishor G.|last4=Chung|first4=Hyung Won|last5=Lienhard V|first5=John H.|title=Entropy Generation of Desalination Powered by Variable Temperature Waste Heat|journal=Entropy|volume=17|issue=12|pages=7530–7566|doi=10.3390/e17117530|date=2015|bibcode=2015Entrp..17.7530W|url=http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/100423/1/Entropy%20Generation%20of%20Desalination%20Powered%20by%20Variable%20Temperature%20Waste%20Heat%2c%20Warsinger.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref> akwai iyaka kamar matsakaicin zafin aiki da adadin effects.<ref name="Al-Shammiri">{{cite journal|title=Multi-effect distillation plants: state of the art|last2=Safar|first2=M.|date=November 1999|journal=Desalination|volume=126|issue=1–3|pages=45–59|doi=10.1016/S0011-9164(99)00154-X|last1=Al-Shammiri|first1=M.|bibcode=1999Desal.126...45A }}</ref> ====Vapor-compression distillation==== [[Vapor-compression evaporation]] yana amfani da injin compressor ko jet stream domin matsa tururi da ke saman ruwa.<ref name="WarsingerEntropy" /> Tururin da aka matsa yana samar da zafi da ake amfani da shi wajen ci gaba da evaporation.<ref name="Khawaji" /> Wannan tsarin yana amfani da wutar lantarki kawai, don haka yana da amfani musamman a ƙananan sikeli.<ref name="Khawaji" /> ==== Membrane distillation ==== [[Membrane distillation]] yana amfani da bambancin zafi a tsakanin membrane domin fitar da tururi daga brine sannan a tattara ruwan sha a gefen sanyi.<ref name="WarsingerFramework">{{cite journal|last1=Warsinger|first1=David M.|last2=Tow|first2=Emily W.|last3=Swaminathan|first3=Jaichander|last4=Lienhard V|first4=John H.|date=2017|title=Theoretical framework for predicting inorganic fouling in membrane distillation and experimental validation with calcium sulfate|url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/107916/1/Theoretical%20framework%20for%20predicting%20inorganic%20fouling%20in%20membrane%20distillation%20and%20experimental%20validation%20with%20calcium%20sulfate-%20warsinger%20preprint.pdf|journal=Journal of Membrane Science|volume=528|pages=381–390|doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.031|bibcode=2017JMeSc.528..381W |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin membrane yana da tasiri sosai kan inganci da dorewa. === Osmosis === ====Reverse osmosis==== [[File:PlantaSchemaNotional.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Zane na wani shuka na desalination ta amfani da [[reverse osmosis]]]] [[File:Diagram-of-Tampa-Bay-Seawater-Desalination-Plant-Process-25.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Wata masana’antar reverse osmosis a Tampa Bay, Florida]] Hanyar da ta fi yaduwa a duniya wajen desalination ita ce [[reverse osmosis]] (RO).<ref>{{cite journal|title=State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination|year=2007|last1=Fritzmann|first1=C|last2=Lowenberg|first2=J|last3=Wintgens|first3=T|last4=Melin|first4=T|journal=Desalination|volume=216|issue=1–3|pages=1–76|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.009|bibcode=2007Desal.216....1F }}</ref> Ana amfani da membranes masu semipermeable tare da matsin lamba domin raba ruwa daga gishiri. Tsarin RO yana amfani da thin-film composite membrane wanda ke da layer na polyamide. Wannan yana ba shi damar tace ruwa yadda ya kamata.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1073/pnas.1804708115|pmid=30104388|title=Electron tomography reveals details of the internal microstructure of desalination membranes|year=2018|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=115|issue=35|pages=8694–8699|pmc=6126755}}</ref> Tsarin yana bukatar kulawa saboda abubuwa kamar calcium, magnesium, bacteria, viruses da biofouling na iya rage inganci. Ana amfani da pretreatment da chemicals domin kare membrane.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Membranverfahren – Grundlagen der Modul und Anlagenauslegung|publisher=Springer Verlag Berlin|year=2007}}</ref> Hakanan ana yin cleaning lokaci-lokaci, wanda zai iya zama haɗari ga muhalli idan ba a kula ba.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seawater Desalination – Impacts of Brine and Chemical Discharge on the Marine Environment|publisher=Sabine Lattemann, Thomas Höppner|date=January 1, 2003}}</ref> Ana kuma amfani da solar-powered desalination units a wasu wurare domin samar da ruwa ba tare da dogaro da wutar lantarki ba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Access to sustainable water by unlimited resources |url=https://climateinnovationwindow.eu/innovations/access-sustainable-water-unlimited-resources |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2023-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804105115/https://climateinnovationwindow.eu/innovations/access-sustainable-water-unlimited-resources |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Freeze–thaw === [[Freeze–thaw]] desalination yana amfani da daskarewa domin raba ruwa mai dadi daga ruwan gishiri.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usbr.gov/research/dwpr/reportpdfs/report071.pdf |title=Demonstration of the Natural Freeze-Thaw Process for the Desalination of Water From The Devils Lake Chain to Provide Water for the City of Devils Lake}}</ref> ===Electrodialysis=== [[Electrodialysis]] yana amfani da wutar lantarki domin motsa gishiri ta membranes masu caji.<ref>{{cite journal|author1-link=Bart Van der Bruggen |last1=Van der Bruggen|first1=Bart|last2=Vandecasteele|first2=Carlo|title=Distillation vs. membrane filtration: overview of process evolutions in seawater desalination|journal=Desalination|volume=143|issue=3|pages=207–218|doi=10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00259-X|date=June 2002}}</ref> Electrodialysis na iya cire carbonic acid tare da gishiri daga ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mustafa |first1=Jawad |last2=Mourad |first2=Aya A. -H. I. |last3=Al-Marzouqi |first3=Ali H. |last4=El-Naas |first4=Muftah H. |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Simultaneous treatment of reject brine and capture of carbon dioxide |journal=Desalination |volume=483 |article-number=114386 }}</ref> === Microbial desalination === Microbial desalination cells suna amfani da kwayoyin halitta masu aiki da wutar lantarki domin taimakawa wajen tace ruwa a cikin tsarin electrochemical. ==Fannin Zane== ===Amfanin makamashi=== Amfanin makamashi na aikin cire gishiri daga ruwa ya danganta da yawan gishirin da ke cikin ruwan. Cire gishiri daga ruwan brackish yana buƙatar ƙarancin makamashi fiye da cire gishiri daga ruwan teku.<ref name="Panagopoulos2020">{{Cite journal|last=Panagopoulos|first=Argyris|date=December 1, 2020|title=A comparative study on minimum and actual energy consumption for the treatment of desalination brine|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544220318405|journal=Energy|language=en|volume=212|article-number=118733|doi=10.1016/j.energy.2020.118733|bibcode=2020Ene...21218733P |s2cid=224872161|issn=0360-5442|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ƙarfin makamashi na cire gishiri daga ruwan teku ya inganta: Yanzu yana kusan 3 kWh/m³ (a 2018), ya ragu daga 20–30 kWh/m³ a shekarar 1970.<ref name="IWA2022" />{{rp|24}} Wannan yana kama da amfani da makamashi na wasu hanyoyin samar da ruwan sha da ake jigilar su daga nesa,<ref>Wilkinson, Robert C. (March 2007) [http://www.westbasin.org/files/general-pdfs/Energy--UCSB-energy-study.pdf "Analysis of the Energy Intensity of Water Supplies for West Basin Municipal Water District"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220210850/http://www.westbasin.org/files/general-pdfs/Energy--UCSB-energy-study.pdf |date=December 20, 2012 }}, Table on p. 4</ref> amma ya fi ƙwarai idan aka kwatanta da ruwan sha na cikin gida wanda ke amfani da makamashi 0.2 kWh/m³ ko ƙasa da haka.<ref>[http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/EPRI-Volume-4.pdf "U.S. Electricity Consumption for Water Supply & Treatment"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617040130/http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/EPRI-Volume-4.pdf |date=June 17, 2013 }}, pp. 1–4 Table 1-1, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Water & Sustainability (Volume 4), 2000</ref> An gano ƙarancin amfani da makamashi na cire gishiri daga ruwan teku kusan 1 kWh/m³,<ref name="Panagopoulos2020" /><ref>Elimelech, Menachem (2012) [http://www.nwri-usa.org/documents/Elimelech_000.pdf "Seawater Desalination"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223110451/http://www.nwri-usa.org/documents/Elimelech_000.pdf |date=February 23, 2014 }}, p. 12 ff</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1021/es801330u| pmid = 19068794| title = Energy Issues in Desalination Processes| journal = Environmental Science & Technology| volume = 42| issue = 22| pages = 8193–201| year = 2008| last1 = Semiat | first1 = R. |bibcode = 2008EnST...42.8193S }}</ref> banda tacewa da famfon shigarwa/fitarwa. Ƙasa da 2 kWh/m³<ref>[http://www.usbr.gov/research/AWT/reportpdfs/ADC_SWRO_DA.pdf "Optimizing Lower Energy Seawater Desalination"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618132743/http://www.usbr.gov/research/AWT/reportpdfs/ADC_SWRO_DA.pdf |date=June 18, 2015 }}, p. 6 figure 1.2, Stephen Dundorf at the IDA World Congress November 2009</ref> an cimma ta hanyar fasahar membrane na reverse osmosis, wanda ya rage damar rage makamashi, domin a shekarun 1970 reverse osmosis yana amfani da makamashi 16 kWh/m³.<ref name="Panagopoulos2020" /> Idan duk ruwan sha na cikin gida a Amurka za a samar ta hanyar cire gishiri, hakan zai ƙara amfani da makamashi na cikin gida da kusan 10%, wanda ya yi daidai da makamashin da na’urorin firiji ke amfani da shi.<ref>[http://www.amtaorg.com/wp-content/uploads/7_MembraneDesalinationPowerUsagePutInPerspective.pdf "Membrane Desalination Power Usage Put In Perspective" ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424044855/http://www.amtaorg.com/wp-content/uploads/7_MembraneDesalinationPowerUsagePutInPerspective.pdf |date=April 24, 2014 }}, American Membrane Technology Association (AMTA) April 2009</ref> Amfanin cikin gida dai ƙaramin kaso ne na jimillar amfani da ruwa.<ref>[https://water.usgs.gov/edu/wateruse-total.html] Total Water Use in the United States</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable wiki table" |+ Amfanin makamashi na hanyoyin cire gishiri daga ruwan teku (kWh/m³)<ref>[http://www.desware.net/Energy-Requirements-Desalination-Processes.aspx "Energy Requirements of Desalination Processes"], ''Encyclopedia of Desalination and Water Resources'' (DESWARE). Retrieved June 24, 2013</ref> |- style="line-height:120%;" ! Hanyar cire gishiri ⇨ ! rowspan="2" | Multi-stage<br />Flash<br />"MSF" ! rowspan="2" | Multi-Effect<br />Distillation<br />"MED" ! rowspan="2" | Mechanical Vapor<br />Compression<br />"MVC" ! rowspan="2" | Reverse<br />Osmosis<br />"RO" |- style="line-height:120%;" ! Makamashi ⇩ |- | Makamashin lantarki || 4–6 || 1.5–2.5 || 7–12 || 3–5.5 |- | Makamashin zafi || 50–110 || 60–110 || ''babu'' || ''babu'' |- | Daidaiton makamashin lantarki na zafi || 9.5–19.5 || 5–8.5 || ''babu'' || ''babu'' |- | Jimillar daidaiton makamashin lantarki || 13.5–25.5 || 6.5–11 || 7–12 || 3–5.5 |} Lura: "Daidaiton lantarki" yana nufin yawan makamashin lantarki da za a iya samarwa ta amfani da wani adadin makamashin zafi da injin turbin da ya dace. Wadannan lissafi ba su haɗa da makamashin da ake buƙata wajen gina ko gyara kayan da ake amfani da su ba. Saboda yawan makamashin da ake buƙata da kuma kuɗi da tasirin muhalli, cire gishiri daga ruwa ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin mataki na ƙarshe bayan kiyaye ruwa. Amma wannan yana canzawa yayin da farashi ke ci gaba da raguwa. ===Cogeneration=== Cogeneration yana samar da zafi mai amfani da wutar lantarki daga tsari guda. Wannan na iya samar da zafi mai amfani don cire gishiri a cikin cibiyar haɗe, inda tashar wuta ke samar da makamashi don cire gishiri. A madadin haka, samar da makamashin cibiyar na iya kasancewa don samar da ruwan sha kawai, ko kuma a samar da makamashi fiye da buƙata a haɗa shi cikin tsarin wutar lantarki. Ana iya yin cogeneration ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma a ka’ida kowace hanyar samar da makamashi za a iya amfani da ita. Amma yawancin cibiyoyin cogeneration na yanzu da ake shirin ginawa suna amfani da man fetur ko makamashin nukiliya. Yawancin wadannan cibiyoyin suna a Gabas ta Tsakiya ko Arewacin Afirka, inda ake amfani da albarkatun man fetur don rage ƙarancin ruwan sha. Amfanin cibiyoyin haɗe shi ne suna iya rage amfani da makamashi, wanda ke sa cire gishiri ya fi dacewa.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.desal.2005.03.095| title = Overview of hybrid desalination systems – current status and future prospects| journal ===Madaukar hanyoyi maimakon tsarkake ruwan teku=== Ƙara adana ruwa da ingantaccen amfani da shi ya kasance hanya mafi sauƙi da araha a wuraren da ake da damar inganta yadda ake amfani da ruwa.<ref>Gleick, Peter H., Dana Haasz, Christine Henges-Jeck, Veena Srinivasan, Gary Wolff, Katherine Kao Cushing, da Amardip Mann. (Nuwamba 2003.) [http://www.pacinst.org/reports/urban_usage/waste_not_want_not_full_report.pdf "Waste not, want not: The potential for urban water conservation in California."] (Website). ''Pacific Institute''. An dawo da shi Satumba 20, 2007.</ref> Sake amfani da ruwan sharar gida yana bayar da fa’ida fiye da tsarkake ruwan gishiri,<ref>Cooley, Heather, Peter H. Gleick, da Gary Wolff. (Yuni 2006.) ''Pacific Institute''. An dawo da shi Satumba 20, 2007.</ref> ko da yake yawanci ana amfani da matattarar tsarkakewa.<ref name="50years">{{cite journal | last=Warsinger | first=David | title=Desalination Innovations Needed to Ensure Clean Water for the Next 50 Years | journal=The Bridge | publisher=National Academy of Engineering | volume=50 (S) | year=2020 }}</ref> Ruwa daga ruwan sama da kuma tara ruwan ambaliya suna bayar da fa’ida wajen tsaftacewa, dawo da shi da kuma cike ruwan karkashin ƙasa.<ref>Gleick, Peter H., Heather Cooley, David Groves (Satumba 2005). [http://pacinst.org/reports/california_water_2030/ca_water_2030.pdf "California water 2030: An efficient future."]. ''Pacific Institute''. An dawo da shi Satumba 20, 2007.</ref> Wani shirin da aka gabatar a matsayin madadin tsarkake ruwan teku a Kudancin Yammacin Amurka shi ne shigo da ruwan kasuwanci daga wuraren da ke da yalwar ruwa ta hanyar manyan jiragen mai da aka mayar da su na ɗaukar ruwa, ko kuma ta bututun ruwa. Wannan ra’ayi bai samu karɓuwa ba a Kanada, inda gwamnati ta kafa shingen kasuwanci kan fitar da ruwan da yawa sakamakon ƙarar NAFTA.<ref>[http://www.sunbeltwater.com/docs.shtml Sun Belt Inc. Legal Documents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218135610/http://www.sunbeltwater.com/docs.shtml |date=February 18, 2010 }}. Sunbeltwater.com. An dawo da shi Mayu 29, 2011.</ref> Ma’aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa ta California da Hukumar Ruwa ta California sun gabatar da rahoto ga majalisar dokoki na jihar suna ba da shawarar cewa masu samar da ruwan birane su cimma ƙa’idar ingantaccen amfani da ruwan cikin gida na {{convert|55|USgal|L|abbr=off}} kowanne mutum a rana kafin shekara ta 2023, sannan ya ragu zuwa {{convert|47|USgal|L|abbr=off}} a rana kafin 2025, da kuma {{convert|42|USgal|L|abbr=off}} a shekara ta 2030 da bayan haka.<ref>State Agencies Recommend Indoor Residential Water Use Standard to Legislature, California Department of Water Resources, November 30, 2021, [https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2021/Nov-21/State-Agencies-Recommend-Indoor-Residential-Water-Use-Standard Original], [https://web.archive.org/web/20211202140532/https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2021/Nov-21/State-Agencies-Recommend-Indoor-Residential-Water-Use-Standard Archive]</ref><ref>[https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/water-and-drought/article239028703.html Myth about huge California fines for shower and laundry usage won't die. Here's what's true], The Sacramento Bee, January 8, 2020</ref><ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/marin-county-california-water-restrictions-drought/ Some in California have to limit their daily water usage to 55 gallons. Here's what that means for everyday activities], CBS News, December 8, 2021</ref> ==Farashi== Abubuwan da ke ƙayyade farashin tsarkake ruwan teku sun haɗa da ƙarfin da nau’in wurin aiki, wurin da yake, ruwan da ake tsarkakewa, ma’aikata, makamashi, kuɗin jari, da kuma yadda ake zubar da ruwan gishiri. Farashin tsarkake ruwan teku (ginshikai, makamashi, da gyare-gyare) yawanci ya fi na ruwan da ake samu daga koguna ko ruwan karkashin ƙasa, sake amfani da ruwa, da adana ruwa, amma ba koyaushe ake samun waɗannan hanyoyin. A shekarar 2013, farashin tsarkake ruwan teku ya kai daga dala $0.45 zuwa $1.00/m³. Fiye da rabin farashin yana fitowa ne daga makamashi, kuma saboda farashin makamashi yana sauyawa sosai, farashin na gaskiya yana iya bambanta ƙwarai.<ref name="Zhang 2012">{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269694158 |last=Zhang|first=S.X.|author2=V. Babovic |title=A real options approach to the design and architecture of water supply systems using innovative water technologies under uncertainty|journal=Journal of Hydroinformatics|volume=14|pages=13–29|date=2012|issue=1 |doi=10.2166/hydro.2011.078|bibcode=2012JHyin..14...13Z |doi-access=free}}</ref> Farashin ruwan da ba a tsarkake ba a ƙasashen da ke tasowa na iya kaiwa dala $5 kowanne cubic metre.<ref>[http://www.ipsnews.net/2008/08/development-somalia-finding-water-in-mogadishu/ "Finding Water in Mogadishu"]''IPS news item 2008''</ref> Tun daga 1975, fasahar tsarkake ruwan teku ta samu ci gaba sosai, inda ta rage matsakaicin farashin samar da cubic metre ɗaya na ruwan sha daga $1.10 a shekarar 2000 zuwa kusan $0.50 a yau. Ingantacciyar fasahar tsarkakewa ita ce babban dalilin wannan raguwa. Amfani da makamashi har yanzu babban ɓangare ne na farashi, yana iya kaiwa rabin jimillar farashin tsarkakewa.<ref name="x074">{{cite web | last=Sisson | first=Patrick | title=Water, hold the salt | website=Sherwood News | date=November 11, 2024 | url=https://sherwood.news/world/desalination-billion-dollar-industry/ | access-date=November 16, 2024}}</ref> Tsarkake ruwan teku na iya ɗora nauyi sosai ga tsarin wutar lantarki, musamman a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin makamashi. Misali, a ƙasar tsibirin Cyprus, tsarkake ruwan teku yana ɗaukar kusan kashi 5% na jimillar amfani da wutar lantarki.<ref name="x074" /> Kasuwar tsarkake ruwan teku ta duniya ta kai dala biliyan 20 a shekarar 2023. Tare da ƙaruwa na yawan jama’a a yankunan bakin teku masu bushewa, ana hasashen wannan kasuwa za ta ninka sau biyu kafin 2032. A shekarar 2023, ƙarfin tsarkake ruwan teku na duniya ya kai miliyan 99 cubic metre a rana, ƙaruwa mai yawa daga miliyan 27 cubic metre a rana a shekarar 2003.<ref name="x074" /> {| class="wikitable" |+Kwatancen Farashin Hanyoyin Tsarkake Ruwan Teku !Hanya !Farashi (US$/lita) |- |Solar mara aiki (30.42% ingancin makamashi)<ref name="Tiwari2006">{{Cite conference|last1=Tiwari|first1=Anil Kr.|last2=Tiwari|first2=G. N.|date=January 1, 2006|title=Evaluating the Performance of Single Slope Passive Solar Still for Different Slope of Cover and Water Depths by Thermal Modeling: In Moderate Climatic Condition|conference=ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference |pages=545–553|publisher=ASMEDC|doi=10.1115/isec2006-99057|isbn=0-7918-4745-4}}</ref} !0.034 |- |Solar mara aiki (ingantaccen gangare ɗaya, Indiya)<ref name="Tiwari2006" /> !0.024 |- |Solar mara aiki (ingantaccen gangare biyu, Indiya)<ref name="Tiwari2006" /> !0.007 |- |Multi Stage Flash (MSF)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarmagazine.com/no-batteries-needed-low-cost-solar-desalination-system-green-namibia-desert-coast/|title=No Batteries Needed: Can Low-Cost Solar Desalination System "Green" Namibia's Desert Coast?|last=Andrew Burger|date=June 20, 2019|website=Solar Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=April 5, 2020}}</ref} !< 0.001 |- |Reverse Osmosis (Solar mai ƙarfi)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-05/s-htw051618.php|title=How the world could have 100 percent solar desalination|website=EurekAlert!|language=en|access-date=April 5, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref} !0.0008 |- |Reverse Osmosis (Photovoltaic power)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alsheghri|first1=Ammar|last2=Sharief|first2=Saad Asadullah|last3=Rabbani|first3=Shahid|last4=Aitzhan|first4=Nurzhan Z.|date=August 1, 2015|title=Design and Cost Analysis of a Solar Photovoltaic Powered Reverse Osmosis Plant for Masdar Institute|journal=Energy Procedia|series=Clean, Efficient and Affordable Energy for a Sustainable Future: The 7th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2015)|language=en|volume=75|pages=319–324|doi=10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.365|issn=1876-6102|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015EnPro..75..319A }}</ref> !0.000825 |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Matsakaicin amfani da ruwa da farashin samarwa ta tsarkake ruwan teku a US$1 kowanne cubic metre (±50%) |- ! Yanki !! Amfani<br />Lita/mutum/a rana !! Farashin Ruwan Tsarkake<br />US$/mutum/a rana |- | Amurka ||{{0}}378 ||{{0}}0.38 |- | Turai ||{{0}}189 ||{{0}}0.19 |- | Afirka ||{{0}}{{0}}57 ||{{0}}0.06 |- | Ƙaramin adadin da UN ta ba da shawara||{{0}}{{0}}49 ||{{0}}0.05 |} Tsarkake ruwan teku yana sarrafa matsin lamba, zafin jiki da kuma yawan gishiri don inganta aiki. Tsarkake ruwan teku da ke amfani da makamashin nukiliya na iya zama mai araha idan aka yi shi a matakin babba.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf71.html |title=Nuclear Desalination |publisher=World Nuclear Association |date=January 2010 |access-date=February 1, 2010 |archive-date=December 19, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219212254/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf71.html }}</ref><ref>Barlow, Maude, da Tony Clarke, [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020902/barlow "Who Owns Water?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429154115/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020902/barlow |date=April 29, 2010 ''The Nation'', 2002-09-02, via thenation.com. An dawo da shi Agusta 20, 2007.</ref> A shekarar 2014, wuraren tsarkake ruwan teku na Isra’ila a Hadera, Palmahim, Ashkelon, da Sorek suna tsarkake ruwa a ƙasa da dala $0.40 kowanne cubic metre.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125031623/http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/1.570374 Over and drought: Why the end of Israel's water shortage is a secret], Haaretz, January 24, 2014</ref> A shekarar 2006, Singapore tana tsarkake ruwa a dala $0.49 kowanne cubic metre.<ref>[http://www.edie.net/news</ref> ==Damuwa na muhalli== ===Shigar ruwa=== A Amurka, tsarin shigar da ruwan sanyaya ana kula da su ne ta Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA). Wadannan tsare-tsare na iya yin tasiri iri ɗaya ga muhalli kamar yadda wuraren tsarkake ruwan teku ke yi. Bisa ga rahoton EPA, tsarin shigar ruwa na iya haifar da illa ga muhalli ta hanyar jawo kifi da ƙwaryar su ko ƙwai cikin tsarin masana’antu. A can, halittu na iya mutuwa ko jikkata saboda zafi, wahalar jiki, ko sinadarai. Manyan halittu na iya mutuwa ko jikkata idan suka makale a kan matattarar shigar ruwa.<ref>[https://www.epa.gov/cooling-water-intakes Water: Cooling Water Intakes (316b)]. water.epa.gov.</ref> Wani madadin tsarin shigar ruwa da ke rage waɗannan tasirin shi ne rijiyoyin bakin teku, amma suna buƙatar ƙarin makamashi da tsada.<ref>Cooley, Heather; Gleick, Peter H. da Wolff, Gary (2006) [http://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2015/01/desalination-grain-of-salt.pdf ''Desalination, With a Grain of Salt. A California Perspective''], Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security. {{ISBN|1-893790-13-4}}</ref> Wurin tsarkake ruwan teku na Kwinana ya buɗe a birnin Perth na Ostiraliya a shekarar 2007. Ruwan da ake samu a can da kuma a wuraren tsarkake ruwan teku na Gold Coast a Queensland da Kurnell a Sydney ana ɗaukar shi a {{convert|0.1|m/s|abbr=on}}, wanda ya yi a hankali har kifi zai iya tserewa. Wurin yana samar da kusan {{convert|140000|m3|abbr=on}} na ruwan tsabta a kowace rana.<ref name=npr>Sullivan, Michael (June 18, 2007) [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11134967 "Australia Turns to Desalination Amid Water Shortage"]. NPR.</ref> A shekarar 2025, Corpus Christi Texas ta soke babban aikin tsarkake ruwan teku saboda muhawara kan damuwa na muhalli da na kuɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Standard for Sept. 4, 2025: Corpus Christi cancels controversial desalination project |url=https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/today-on-texas-standard-september-4-2025/ |access-date=December 10, 2025 |website=Texas Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Fitar ruwa=== {{More citations needed section|date=January 2012}} Tsarin tsarkake ruwan teku yana samar da babban adadin ruwan gishiri, wanda zai iya kasancewa da zafi fiye da na muhalli, kuma yana ɗauke da ragowar sinadarai na tsaftacewa da shirye-shirye, sakamakon sinadarai da kuma ƙarafa masu nauyi saboda lalacewa (musamman a wuraren da ke amfani da zafi).<ref name="PanagopoulosHaralambous2020">{{Cite journal|last1=Panagopoulos|first1=Argyris|last2=Haralambous|first2=Katherine-Joanne|date=October 1, 2020|title=Minimal Liquid Discharge (MLD) and Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) strategies for wastewater management and resource recovery – Analysis, challenges and prospects|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343720307673|journal=Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering|language=en|volume=8|issue=5|article-number=104418|doi=10.1016/j.jece.2020.104418|s2cid=225309628|issn=2213-3437|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>Greenberg, Joel (March 20, 2014) [http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/03/20/221880/israel-no-longer-worried-about.html "Israel no longer worried about its water supply, thanks to desalination plants"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324202006/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/03/20/221880/israel-no-longer-worried-about.html |date=March 24, 2014 }}, ''McClatchy DC''</ref> Sinadarai na tsaftacewa da shirye-shirye suna da muhimmanci a yawancin wuraren tsarkake ruwan teku, wanda yawanci ya haɗa da hana ƙazantar halittu, taruwar ma’adinai, kumfa da lalacewa a wuraren zafi, da kuma hana ƙazantar halittu, ƙazanta mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin da taruwar ma’adinai a wuraren da ke amfani da membrane.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2007.03.009 |title=Environmental impact and impact assessment of seawater desalination|year=2008|last1=Lattemann|first1=Sabine|last2=Höpner|first2=Thomas|journal=Desalination|volume=220|issue=1–3|page=1|bibcode=2008Desal.220....1L }}</ref> == Amfani a duniya == Trade Arabia ta bayyana cewa Saudiyya tana samar da ruwan da aka cire gishiri har miliyan 7.9 a kowace rana, wanda ya kai kashi 22% na jimillar duniya, a ƙarshen shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=n.a. |date=May 31, 2022 |title=Saudi Arabia announces new water projects worth $667 million |url=https://smartwatermagazine.com/news/smart-water-magazine/saudi-arabia-announces-new-water-projects-worth-667-million |access-date=April 19, 2024 |website=Smart Water Magazine |language=en}}</ref> * Perth ta fara aiki da shuka ta reverse osmosis don cire gishiri daga ruwan teku a 2006.<ref>[http://www.water-technology.net/projects/perth/ Perth Seawater Desalination Plant, Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO), Kwinana]. Water Technology. Retrieved March 20, 2011.</ref> Shukar Perth tana samun wani bangare na makamashi daga hasken iska na Emu Downs Wind Farm.<ref name="npr" /><ref>PX Pressure Exchanger energy recovery devices daga Energy Recovery Inc. [http://www.energyrecovery.com/installations/documents/Perth_CS109EE.pdf An Environmentally Green Plant Design] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327122853/http://www.energyrecovery.com/installations/documents/Perth_CS109EE.pdf|date=March 27, 2009}}. Morning Edition, NPR, June 18, 2007</ref> * A Sydney yanzu ana amfani da shuka ta cire gishiri,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070629004531/http://abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/06/25/1961044.htm "Sydney desalination plant to double in size,"] Australian Broadcasting Corporation, June 25, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2007.</ref> kuma shuka ta Wonthaggi tana gini a Wonthaggi, Victoria. Wani shuka ta iska a Bungendore, New South Wales an gina shi musamman don samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da zai daidaita amfani da makamashin shukar Sydney,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090412234403/http://www.sydneywater.com.au/EnsuringtheFuture/Desalination/Factsheets.cfm Fact sheets], Sydney Water</ref> domin rage fargabar hayakin greenhouse gas. * A ranar 17 ga Janairu, 2008, jaridar The Wall Street Journal ta bayyana cewa kamfanin Poseidon Resources Corp. ya samu amincewar gwamnati don gina shuka ta cire gishiri a Carlsbad, California, wanda zai samar da ruwan sha cubic metre 190,000 a rana, isasshen don gidaje 100,000.<ref>Kranhold, Kathryn. (January 17, 2008) [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120053698876396483?mod=googlenews_wsj Water, Water, Everywhere...] ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 20, 2011.</ref> A watan Yuni 2012, kudin ruwan da aka cire gishiri ya kai $2,329 a kowace acre-foot.<ref>Mike Lee. [http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2012/jun/15/carlsbad-desal-plant-pipe-costs-near-1-billion/ "Carlsbad desal plant, pipe costs near $1 billion"]. ''U-T San Diego''.</ref> Kowace $1,000 a acre-foot ya yi daidai da $3.06 a kowace 1,000 gallons, ko $0.81 a kowace cubic metre.<ref>Sweet, Phoebe (March 21, 2008) [http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2008/mar/21/desalination-gets-serious-look/ Desalination gets a serious look]. ''Las Vegas Sun''.</ref> Saboda sabbin fasahohi suna rage kudin gina shuka ta cire gishiri, ƙasashe da dama suna gina irin waɗannan shuke-shuke don magance matsalar ƙarancin ruwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Changing Image Of Desalination|url=http://www.medrc.org/new_content/industry_news/sept00/story1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007124901/http://www.medrc.org/new_content/industry_news/sept00/story1.htm|archive-date=October 7, 2007|access-date=November 21, 2012}}</ref> * Isra’ila tana cire gishiri daga ruwa da farashin cent 53 a kowace cubic metre.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 28, 2005|title=EJP {{pipe}} News {{pipe}} France {{pipe}} French-run water plant launched in Israel|url=http://www.ejpress.org/article/4873|access-date=August 13, 2010|publisher=Ejpress.org|archive-date=August 1, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801021621/http://www.ejpress.org/article/4873}}</ref> * Singapore tana cire gishiri daga ruwa da farashin cent 49 a kowace cubic metre<ref>{{cite web|date=May 4, 2006|title=Black & Veatch-Designed Desalination Plant Wins Global Water Distinction|url=http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=11402&channel=0|access-date=August 13, 2010|publisher=Edie.net|archive-date=July 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721213246/http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=11402&channel=0}}</ref> kuma tana tace najasa da reverse osmosis don amfani a masana’antu da ruwan sha (NEWater). * China da Indiya, ƙasashen da suka fi yawan jama’a a duniya, suna fara amfani da cire gishiri don wani ɓangare na bukatun ruwansu.<ref>{{cite web|date=November 1, 2006|title=Drought hopes hinge on desalination – World – NZ Herald News|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/2/story.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10408553|access-date=August 13, 2010|publisher=Nzherald.co.nz|archive-date=September 29, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929205226/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/2/story.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10408553}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=January 17, 2007|title=Tamil Nadu / Chennai News: Two sites for desalination plant identified|newspaper=The Hindu|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011719260300.htm|access-date=August 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224513/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011719260300.htm|archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref> * A 2007 Pakistan ta sanar da shirin amfani da cire gishiri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan embarks on nuclear desalination|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newNuclear/190107Pakistan_embarks_on_nuclear_desalination.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216051640/http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/newNuclear/190107Pakistan_embarks_on_nuclear_desalination.shtml|archive-date=December 16, 2008|access-date=November 21, 2012}}</ref> * Dukkan manyan biranen Australiya (banda Canberra, Darwin, da Hobart) suna gina ko amfani da shuke-shuken cire gishiri. A ƙarshen 2011, Melbourne za ta fara amfani da shuka mafi girma a Australiya, Wonthaggi desalination plant. * A 2007 Bermuda ta sanya hannu kan kwangila don sayen shuka ta cire gishiri.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 20, 2007|title=Bermuda signs contract for seawater desalination plant|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000052/005273.htm|access-date=August 13, 2010|publisher=Caribbean Net News|archive-date=August 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801053505/http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000052/005273.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kafin 2015, shuka mafi girma a Amurka tana Tampa Bay, Florida, wadda ta fara cire gishiri daga gallon miliyan 25 a rana a Disamba 2007.<ref>[http://www2.tbo.com/content/2007/dec/22/na-applause-at-last-for-desalination-plant/ Applause, At Last, For Desalination Plant], The Tampa Tribune, December 22, 2007.</ref> A Amurka, kudin cire gishiri ya == Haɗin waje ==   * [http://www.idadesal.org Ƙungiyar Rashin Ruwa ta Duniya] * [http://www.edsoc.com/ Kungiyar Rashin Rashin Ruwa ta Turai] * [http://www.dme-gmbh.de/desalination-technology/technology-basics/working-principles-in-desalination-systems/ Ka'idodin aiki a cikin tsarin cire gishiri] * [http://www.dme-gmbh.de/desalination-technology/technology-basics/classification-of-desalination-technologies/ Rarraba fasahar cire ruwan 'ya'yan ruwa (CDT)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032825/https://www.dme-gmbh.de/desalination-technology/technology-basics/classification-of-desalination-technologies/ |date=2018-06-22 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032825/https://www.dme-gmbh.de/desalination-technology/technology-basics/classification-of-desalination-technologies/ |date=2018-06-22 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032825/https://www.dme-gmbh.de/desalination-technology/technology-basics/classification-of-desalination-technologies/ |date=2018-06-22 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622032825/https://www.dme-gmbh.de/desalination-technology/technology-basics/classification-of-desalination-technologies/ |date=2018-06-22 }} * [http://www.enviromission.com.au SOLAR TOWER Project - Tsabtace Wutar Lantarki don Desalination.] * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/desalinationtb.html Bayanan wallafe-wallafen] * [http://www.desware.net/ Encyclopedia na Desalination da ruwa da albarkatun ruwa] == Manazarta== [[Rukuni:Ruwa]] gpiwp3g1yetxuebls0hk2acr3j7qjj5 0 100659 890361 824649 2026-08-02T00:21:25Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 890361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''HMS ''Brazen''''' wani jirgin ruwa ne mai daraja 28 na Royal Navy ''Bittern'', wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1808. Ko da yake ta yi aiki a lokacin Yaƙin Napoleon, ta bayyana cewa ta rasa duk wani yaƙi ko ta yaya kuma ta sami kyaututtuka kaɗan a cikin wannan rikici. Duk da haka, a yakin 1812 tsakanin Amurka da Birtaniya ta kama ''Beaver'' da ''Warren'' a cikin Gulf of Mexico, amma ''Warren'' ya rushe a Grand Gosier Island, kusa da [[New Orleans]], a cikin guguwa. ''Brazen'' ya sami mummunar lalacewa a cikin guguwar kuma, bayan gyaran gida, an sake kira zuwa Ingila don bincike.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=23529 | title=Nicholas Diddams }}</ref> Bayan binciken ne ta raka ayarin motocin zuwa Canada ta dawo ta kwato ''Daphne'' . Daga nan ta dauki Duke na Brunswick zuwa Holland kuma ta yi sintiri a Tekun Irish har sai ta dawo tashar Indies ta Yamma. A cikin 1815, ta dauki labarin yarjejeniyar Ghent, wanda ya kawo karshen yakin 1812, ga sojojin Birtaniya da suka kama Fort Bowyer kuma suka taimaka wajen kai su Ingila. Bayan yakin, ta shiga cikin binciken da aka yi a gabar tekun [[Venezuela]] kuma ta yi sintiri a mashigin tekun Mexico, inda ta samu kyaututtuka da dama. A cikin 1820s ta yi aiki tare da Squadron na Yammacin Afirka da ke aiki don murkushe cinikin bayi. A cikin wannan hidimar ta kama bayi da yawa kuma ta 'yantar da bayi sama da 2,000. ''Brazen'' ya ƙare aikinsa a matsayin ɗakin sujada mai iyo kuma ya rabu a cikin 1848. == Yakin 1812 == Kwamanda Lewis Shepard ne ya umarce ta a cikin Yuli 1808 don tashar Jamaica . Nicholas Diddams ne ya gina ta a Portsmouth Dockyard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nicholas Diddams |url=https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=23529}}</ref> An ƙara Shepard zuwa matsayin kyaftin a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1810. Daga Oktoba 1810 ta kasance ƙarƙashin umarnin Richard Plummer Davies, har yanzu a tashar Jamaica. Tsakanin Yuni 1812 da Agusta 1818 ta kasance ƙarƙashin umarnin kwamandan James Stirling kuma yawancin lokacin tana aiki a Yammacin Indies<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735025?urlappend=%3Bseq=385 |title=The Marine List |work=Lloyd's List |issue=4712 |date=20 October 1812 |hdl=2027/uc1.c2735025?urlappend=%3Bseq=385 |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735025?urlappend=%3Bseq=423 |title=The Marine List |work=Lloyd's List |issue=4731 |date=25 December 1812 |hdl=2027/uc1.c2735025?urlappend=%3Bseq=423 |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref> Stirling ya shiga cikin jirgin a Port Royal Harbour, Jamaica, a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1812 kuma a ranar 11 ga Yuli ''Brazen'' ya bar aikinta na farko a yakin 1812, don cin zarafin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Amurka da jigilar kaya a cikin Gulf of Mexico. A ranar 6 ga Agusta 1812, kusa da ƙofar Balize zuwa Mississippi, ta kama jirgin ruwa na Amurka ''Beaver'', wanda ke tafiya zuwa Havana da kaya na sukari da kofi.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=16715|page=629|date=27 March 1813}}</ref> Ta sanya ma'aikatan jirgin da matukan jirgi biyu a bakin teku sannan kuma ma'aikatan bayar da kyautuka na wani Laftanar da ma'aikatan ruwa biyar suka tashi ''daga Beaver'' zuwa Jamaica. A ranar 18 ga Agusta 1812 ''Brazen'' ya kama ''Warren'' kusa da tsibirin Horn, kusa da bakin tekun [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] . Duk da haka, washegari aka jefa ta a bakin teku kuma ta lalace a cikin guguwar 19/20 ga Agusta 1812 . ''Brazen'' kuma ya sha wahala sosai. ''Lloyd's List'' ta ruwaito cewa ita da jirgin ruwan {{HMS|Southampton|1757|2}} sun yi karo da juna inda suka yi asarar matsuguninsu a gabar tekun Mississippi, amma an ceci ma'aikatan. Dukansu tasoshin sun sake shawagi, an gyara su, kuma an mayar da su aiki. ''Brazen'' ya isa New Providence; ''Southampton'' ta isa Jamaica a ranar 6 ga Oktoba. Ko da yake babu wani jirgin ruwa da ya yi hasarar guguwar, ''Southampton'' ta yi asarar kusan wata guda bayan ta buga wani dutse da ba a gano ba. amma duk da haka ya ja anka guda uku zuwa cikin kwata mil mil daga rairayin bakin teku. Lokacin da guguwar ta wuce, ta ceci babban ma'aikacin daga tarkacen Warren kuma ta ratsa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na [[Ispaniya|Spain]] na Pensacola . Hukumomin Spain sun ba ta damar saukar da wasu ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa don yanke katakon katako kuma a cikin watan Satumba ma’aikatan sun maye gurbin tudun kuma sun yi wasu gyare-gyare. A ranar 29 ga Satumba Brazen ta bar Pensacola don ci gaba da sintiri a bakin Mississippi. Ba da daɗewa ba Stirling ya gane cewa gyare-gyaren bai sa jirgin ya cika teku ba kuma ya yanke shawarar mayar da ita Port Royal, inda ta isa ranar 20 ga Nuwamba. An sake yin gyare-gyare a Jamaica, amma an sake dawo da jirgin zuwa Ingila don binciken kulawa. Ta bar ranar 19 ga Disamba kuma ta isa Spithead a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1813, kafin ta tashi zuwa Sheerness don binciken. Bayan binciken ta tashi a ranar 4 ga Yuni 1813 a matsayin rakiyar ayarin motocin da ke ɗauke da shaguna da mazauna Churchill a Hudson Bay . Tasoshin sune Eddystone, Prince of Wales, da ''Ann'' . A ranar 29 ga Yuni ''Brazen'' ya sake kama ''Daphne'' . {{Efn|The first-class share of the salvage money, i.e., that which would accrue to Stirling, was worth £22 2s and 0d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 8s 0d.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=17016|page=998|date=27 May 1815}}</ref>}} Ta tsaya daga Churchill a ranar 19 ga Agusta kuma ta sake barin ranar 20 ga Satumba, ta raka wani ayari zuwa Ingila ta tsibirin Orkney kuma ta isa Downs a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba. A lokacin da ta koma Ingila ta sami kwamiti a watan Disamba don kai Duke na Brunswick zuwa Holland . Daga nan, a tsakanin Maris da Disamba 1814, ta yi sintiri a Tekun Irish da Ƙasar Hebrides don neman jiragen ruwa na Amurka, ta bar ranar 29 ga Disamba don komawa Indiya ta Yamma. ''Brazen'' ya isa [[Barbados]] a farkon Fabrairu 1815 kuma ya karɓi kwamiti don ɗaukar labarin Yarjejeniyar Ghent, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen Yaƙin 1812, zuwa Fort Bowyer, wanda sojojin Burtaniya suka kama, da kuma ɗaukar sojojin Burtaniya zuwa Havana sannan kuma su koma Ingila. Zuwanta a Fort Bowyer ya hana wani hari na Burtaniya akan Wayar hannu. ''Brazen'' ya bar Mobile a ranar 25 ga Maris 1815 kuma ya tashi daga Havana a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, ya dawo gida tare da Janar Sir John Lambert, Baynes, Mataimakinsa-de-sansanin, Laftanar Harry Smith (daga baya Laftanar Janar Sir Harry Smith ) da kuma wadanda suka jikkata kamar yadda ta iya ɗauka. Smith, a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, daga baya ya rubuta == Bayan yakin == A ranar 24 ga Satumba 1816 ta kama ''Hercules'' a Carlisle Bay, Barbados . An yi wa ''Hercules'' lakabi da "Black Frigate" kuma shi ne tutar Admiral William Brown na Argentine. Ta kasance tana fada a gefen 'yan juyin juya halin Venezuelan da Mutanen Espanya kuma tana da kaya mai mahimmanci na sauri, siliki, karfe, busassun kaya, da kayan yaji da aka kwashe daga garuruwan Spain da jiragen ruwa. Gwamnan Barbados ya ba da umarnin a sake ta, ba ya so ya nuna rashin amincewar Birtaniya a cikin wannan rikici. Duk da haka ''Brazen'' ya sake kama ta bayan ta bar Barbados ta kai ta Antigua. Brown ya daukaka kara kuma bayan an dade ana shari'ar babbar kotun Admiralty ta yanke hukunci a kan goyon bayan Brown. ''Brazen'' bai sami kuɗin kyauta ba kuma Stirling ya ci gaba da karɓar buƙatun diyya na shekaru da yawa. Ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 1817 ''Brazen'' ya kama ''Henry''. Tsakanin Nuwamba 1816 da Janairu 1818, ''Brazen'' ya shiga cikin binciken tekun Venezuelan kuma an amince da tsarin kasuwanci tare da masu tayar da kayar baya na Simon Bolivar a cikin jirgin. A ranar 21 ga Yuli 1818 ta isa Portsmouth daga Barbados, bayan ta yi balaguron cikin kwanaki 31. Tsakanin Disamba 1818 da Janairu 1820 ''Brazen'' ya kasance a Portsmouth yana fuskantar gyare-gyare kuma ana daidaita shi don teku. An sake shigar da ita a watan Disamba 1819 karkashin Kyaftin William Shepheard. A cikin 1820 da 1821 ta yi aiki a [[Saint Halena|St Helena]] da [[Tsibirin Ascension|Tsibirin Hawan Hawan Hawan Sama]] kafin ta koma Ingila. Ta isa Portsmouth a ranar 31 ga Oktoba. A cikin Janairu 1823 Kyaftin George W. Willes ya karbi umarni. A ranar 2 ga Disamba 1824 ta kama ''Jane'' da kayanta.<ref>{{London Gazette|page=1247|issue=18155|date=16 July 1825}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 1825 ta kama sloop ''Elizabeth.''<ref name="LG18201">{{London Gazette|page=2257|issue=18201|date=10 December 1825}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris 1825 ta kasance a Bognor, bayan ta kori a bakin tekun wani jirgin ruwan baho da galley tare da kaya na gin, shayi, da taba.<ref name="LG18201" /> Yin sintiri na hana fasa kwauri na iya zama ba abin burgewa ba, amma yana iya samun riba. A ranar 21 ga Mayu ta kama jirgin ruwan Faransa Courier . Mai yanke kudaden shiga Wellington da jirgin ruwa daga Hyperion sun taimaka Brazen. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Rukuni:Bauta a Afirka]] <references /> k76zb7x3z4xnieuxcot44d5ilq99igm 0 100830 890288 728954 2026-08-01T20:27:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An ƙirƙiri matsayin ne ta hanyar ƙuduri 18/7 na Majalisar Kare Hakkokin Ɗan Adam na 29 ga watan Satumba 2011, wanda ya nemi a yi la'akari da abin da aka azabtar da kuma kula da jinsi.<ref>[http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/HRC/RES/18/7&Lang=E] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821154612/https://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/HRC/RES/18/7&Lang=E |date=2023-08-21 }} HRC resolution establishing mandate</ref> Mai ba da rahoto na musamman, yin hidima na tsawon shekaru uku wanda za'a iya sabuntawa sau ɗaya (kuma ana sa ran yin aiki a matsayin SR na akalla watanni uku a ko<ref>[http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/HRC/RES/18/7&Lang=E] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821154612/https://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/HRC/RES/18/7&Lang=E |date=2023-08-21 }} HRC resolution establishing mandate</ref>wace shekara), ya ba da rahoto ga Majalisar da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya game da tsarin al'ada, yanayi na ƙasa da kuma ayy<ref>[http://ictj.org/news/ictj-congratulates-pablo-de-greiff-nomination-special-rapporteur-transitional-justice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528203523/https://www.ictj.org/news/ictj-congratulates-pablo-de-greiff-nomination-special-rapporteur-transitional-justice |date=2025-05-28 }} ICTJ announcement of inaugural appointment</ref>ukan da suka shafi tsarin adalci na wucin gadi, yana ba da shawarwari don kare hakkin bil'adama a cikin yanayin rikici. Waɗannan shawarwarin, waɗanda ke magance batutuwa irin su neman gaskiya, [[Reparations (transitional justice)|ramawa]] da kuma nisantar hukunci, an fi niyya ne ga gwamnatoci da sauran hukumomin Majalisar Ɗink<ref>[http://ictj.org/news/ictj-congratulates-pablo-de-greiff-nomination-special-rapporteur-transitional-justice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528203523/https://www.ictj.org/news/ictj-congratulates-pablo-de-greiff-nomination-special-rapporteur-transitional-justice |date=2025-05-28 }} ICTJ announcement of inaugural appointment</ref>in Duniya. Mai ba da rahoto na musamman zai kuma ba da shawarar dabarun magance manyan laifuka da take haƙƙin ɗan adam. An naɗa wakilin farko na musamman Pablo de Greiff a ƙarshen zaman HRC na 19 a ranar 23 ga watan Maris 2012. Ɗan Kolombiya, ya kasance ne a Cibiyar Shari'a ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa da ke New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/TruthJusticeReparation/Pages/FabianSalvioli.aspx|title=Biography of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence|access-date=July 21, 2018}}</ref> Mai Rapporteur na Musamman na yanzu shine [[Lauya|lauyan]] [[Argentina|Argentine]] [[Fabián Salvioli]], wanda aka naɗa a ranar Mayu 1, ga watan 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/TruthJusticeReparation/Pages/FabianSalvioli.aspx |access-date=July 21, 2018}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Welcomepage.aspx Ofishin Babban Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya shafi na Musamman na Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam] == Manazarta == l940pepx3u5twgya9a82qw9rbumhcjl 0 101814 890557 868711 2026-08-02T11:53:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kundin tsarin mulkin Namibia wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1990, ya samu karbuwa da kuma kiyaye '''[[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan Adam]] a [[Namibiya]]''' a halin yanzu, ta wata majalissar wakilai 72. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Legal Assistance Centre |title=Overview of the Namibian Constitution |url=http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/Pdf/Gov1_Overview_of_Namibian_Constitution.pdf |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2025-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251013121113/https://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/Pdf/Gov1_Overview_of_Namibian_Constitution.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Majalisar ta kunshi jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban. Bayan daftarin kundin tsarin mulkin ya samu amincewar dukkan mambobin jam’iyyun siyasa bakwai da abin ya shafa. <ref name=":0" /> Ranar 21 ga Maris 1990 ita ce ranar farko da Namibiya ta fara aiki a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki sannan kuma ke nuna amincewa da Namibiya a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta. Babi na 3 na kundin tsarin mulkin kasar mai taken 'Yancin 'Yancin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, wanda kuma ake kira da Bill of Rights, ya zayyana 'yancin dan Adam na dukkan 'yan kasar Namibiya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Constitution of The Republic of Namibia |url=http://www.gov.na/documents/10181/14134/Namibia_Constitution.pdf/37b70b76-c15c-45d4-9095-b25d8b8aa0fb |access-date=2020-11-11 |archive-date=2017-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716100710/http://www.gov.na/documents/10181/14134/Namibia_Constitution.pdf/37b70b76-c15c-45d4-9095-b25d8b8aa0fb |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanin Dokar Hakki == Babi na uku a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin ya amince da yancin ɗan adam da dama. Mataki na 5, na farko a babin, ya nuna cewa dole ne a kiyaye duk wani hakki da tsarin mulki ya zayyana ta kowane bangare na gwamnatin Namibiya . Labari na gaba a babi, 6-25, sun faɗi waɗannan haƙƙoƙin kuma an zayyana su a ƙasa. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> talifofin farko sun bayyana cewa kowa yana da ’yancin samun ’yanci, girmamawa, da mutunci kuma babu wanda zai fuskanci azabtarwa ko kuma muhallansu na rashin mutuntaka a kowane lokaci a rayuwarsu. Wannan ya haɗa da kawar da bauta da aikin tilastawa. Tare da wannan, kundin tsarin mulkin ya tanadi cewa za a dauki dukkan 'yan Namibia daidai kuma ba za su fuskanci rashin daidaito ta hanyar abubuwa kamar jinsi, launin fata, launi da kabilanci, imani na addini da matsayi a cikin al'umma ba. Kundin tsarin mulkin ya kuma kare ’yan kasa daga wasu ayyuka masu inganci kamar kamawa ba tare da wani dalili ba. Har ila yau yana da mahimmanci idan an kama shi a sanya sadarwa ta gaskiya da kan lokaci a matsayin mafi mahimmanci kuma an ba da ita a cikin harshen da aka fi so. Bayan kama 'yan kasar Namibiya suna da hakkin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kotun da ke da hurumin gudanar da shari'a a cikin zaman jama'a duk da haka, an kebe karar yara. Namibiya al'umma ce ta dimokuradiyya kuma don haka kundin tsarin mulki ya fayyace hakkokin 'yan Namibiya da ke karkashin wannan. Ana mutunta sirri da iyali kuma auren mace da namiji kyauta ne kuma an yarda. 'Yan Namibiya na da 'yancin shiga jam'iyyun siyasa cikin 'yanci, shiga harkokin siyasar da suka dace da zabe. An kuma fayyace muhimman yancin da ke tattare da magana, al'adu, tunani da ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'ummar dimokuradiyya. Duk wani gazawa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki ba zai tauye hakkin mutum ba. Duk da yake an keɓe yara daga abubuwan da suka gabata a cikin kundin tsarin mulki, sashe na 15 ya amince da ’yancin yara ta hanyar bayyana ‘yancinsu na suna da ƙasa da kuma bukatar iyaye su kula da su. Ilimi kuma wajibi ne ga yara har zuwa shekaru 16. <ref name=":1"/> Kundin tsarin mulki ba wai yana mai da hankali kan daidaito da wariya kadai ba, har ma ya amince da hakkokin mutane na mallaka da kuma zubar da dukiyoyin da za a iya ba wa wasu a kowane mataki. <ref name=":1"/> Wani abin sha'awa shi ne, an kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin kuma babu wata doka da majalisar za ta kafa da za ta soke waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ko tauye su. Duk hukumomin gudanarwa da jami'ai dole ne su bi kuma su bi ka'idoji da ayyukan hukuma cikin hankali. <ref name=":0"/> == Ofishin Ombudsman == Ofishin Ombudsman muhimmiyar rawa ce wajen kiyaye haƙƙoƙin da aka zayyana a cikin lissafin. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Horn |first=Nico |date=2009 |title=The Process of Human Rights in Namibia |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies |volume=5 |pages=99–116}}</ref> Dokar Ombudsman ta 1990 tana cikin kundin tsarin mulki. Daya daga cikin abubuwan da Ombudsmen da ofishin suka mayar da hankali shi ne tabbatar da 'yanci da 'yancin jama'a a Namibiya. Wa'adin ya ce duk wani cin zarafi na 'yancin ɗan adam dole ne ofishin ya gane shi kuma mai kula da jama'a dole ne ya kare mutane daga cin zarafi. <ref>''[https://www.ombudsman.org.na/the-ombudsman-act-of-1990/ The Ombudsman Act of 1990] {{Webarchive}}'' [Namibia], 6 June 1990.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The protection and promotion of human rights in Namibia: The constitutional mandate of the Ombudsman |url=http://www.gov.na/documents/10181/14134/Namibia_Constitution.pdf/37b70b76-c15c-45d4-9095-b25d8b8aa0fb |access-date=2020-11-11 |archive-date=2017-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716100710/http://www.gov.na/documents/10181/14134/Namibia_Constitution.pdf/37b70b76-c15c-45d4-9095-b25d8b8aa0fb |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sanarwar manufa ta ofishin mai shigar da kara ta ce kamar haka:<blockquote>"… yana ƙoƙari don haɓakawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, gudanar da gaskiya da inganci, yaƙi da ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa… na Namibiya ta hanyar bincike mai zaman kansa da rashin son kai da warware korafe-korafe da kuma wayar da kan jama'a." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2008 {{!}} Office of the Ombudsman |url=https://www.ombudsman.org.na/sdm_downloads/annual-report-2008/ |access-date=2020-11-11 |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>An gudanar da bincike daban-daban na take haƙƙin ɗan adam tun shekara ta 2005. Wani sanannen bincike na ofishin shine duba yanayin dakunan kurkukun. <ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, ofishin yana sauƙaƙe korafe-korafe daga al'umma dangane da take haƙƙin ɗan adam daga hukumomin gwamnati. A shekarar 2016 kadai, ofishin ya samu korafe-korafe 301 na kare hakkin dan Adam. Bincike ya nuna cewa ‘yan sanda ne babban batun koke-koke. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2016 {{!}} Office of the Ombudsman |url=https://www.ombudsman.org.na/sdm_downloads/annual-report-2016/ |access-date=2020-11-11 |language=en}}</ref> Ba duk korafe-korafen da ake gudanarwa ta ofishin ba ne ke da alaƙa da yancin ɗan adam wasu batutuwan da za su iya ƙunsa: muhalli, rashin gudanar da mulki, da cin hanci da rashawa. == Hakkokin jama'a da na siyasa == === Hakkokin mata === Kundin tsarin mulkin Namibiya ya tanadi cewa duk mutane ba tare da la'akari da kasancewarsu namiji ko mace ba ana daukar su daidai a cikin doka. <ref name=":1"/> Namibiya tana matsayi na 115 a duniya lokacin da ake nazarin ma'aunin rashin daidaiton jinsi na 0.472. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Gender Inequality Index |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII |access-date=2019-05-21 |website=hdr.undp.org}}</ref> Ba tare da la'akari da waɗannan haƙƙoƙi da kuma amincewa da index ɗin ba, matan Namibiya har yanzu suna fuskantar cin zarafi da nuna wariya a cikin ma'aikata kuma suna iya fuskantar matsalolin samun ilimi da kiwon lafiya. Ko tun lokacin da aka gabatar da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar a shekarar 1990 har yanzu mata na fuskantar cin zarafi da fyade. A shekara ta 2000 an ƙaddamar da dokar yaƙi da fyade da ke kare maza da mata. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru har yanzu mata suna fuskantar yawancin laifukan fyade. A cikin Nuwamba 2018, an ba da rahoton cewa 1 cikin 3 mata masu shekaru 15-49 sun fuskanci tashin hankali daga matansu kuma kashi 29.5% na maza sun yi imanin cin zarafi ga matansu abin yarda ne. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alweendo, Andreas, Rafla |first=N, R, D |date=November 2018 |title=Landscaping Gender Based Violence in Namibia |url=https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/gbv_web.pdf |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=Democracy Report}}</ref> Matan Namibiya da ke fama da rauni, tabin hankali' da kuma juna biyu daga fyade suna fuskantar ƙarin kuɗaɗen kula da lafiya da rage samun kuɗin shiga yayin da suke ɗaukar lokaci don murmurewa. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2015 |title=Support for survivors of violence |url=https://www.unicef.org/namibia/Violence_HIS_print.pdf |website=A Namibia Fit for Children}}</ref> Namibiya ta fahimci rashin daidaito ga mata kuma ta himmatu wajen kawo canji. Mataimakin Firayim Minista na 2015 ya yi magana a taron shugabannin duniya na 2015 kuma ya yi alkawarin cewa Namibiya ta himmatu wajen rungumar muhimmiyar rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UN Women |title=Namibia aims for equal access to services, roles for women as agents of peace |url=http://www.unwomen.org/en/get-involved/step-it-up/commitments/namibia |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=UN Women |language=en}}</ref> === Hukuncin kisa === Hukuncin hukuncin kisa tauye hakkin dan Adam ne a Namibiya a karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1990. Kisa na ƙarshe da aka sani shine a cikin 1988 kuma ya faru lokacin da ƙasar ke ƙarƙashin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu . == Hakkokin yara == [[Fayil:Namibia_Child_1.jpg|left|thumb|134x134px| Yaran Namibiya na fuskantar matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke shafar lafiyarsu da amincinsu]] An amince da hakkokin yara a Namibiya a cikin sashe na 15 na kundin tsarin mulkin kasar kuma sun yi daidai da sharudu 54 na [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (CRC). Kasar ta yi aiki a karkashin CRC tun 28 ga Satumba 1990. Ƙimar Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Yara na yanzu shine 7.39/10. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Children of Namibia |url=https://www.humanium.org/en/namibia/ |access-date=2019-05-21 |website=Humanium |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yayin da ake amincewa da yancin yara a Namibiya akwai cin zarafi a cikin al'umma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNICEF Namibia - Child Protection and Social Protection - Violence Against Children |url=https://www.unicef.org/namibia/protection_13675.html |access-date=2019-05-21 |website=www.unicef.org}}</ref> A karkashin CRC da Bill of Rights Mataki na ashirin da 15, kowane yaro yana da hakkin a gane shi kuma ya sami ɗan ƙasa. A halin yanzu, 1 cikin 3 na haihuwa ba a gane shi ba don haka waɗannan yaran suna fuskantar matsalar rashin samun walwala da ilimi mai aminci. <ref name=":3"/> Cin zarafin yara, kamar yadda [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta gane, yana nan a Namibiya kuma an yi imanin cewa al'umma ta yarda da ita a matsayin al'ada na yara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Protection Policy "Keeping Namibian Children Safe" |url=https://www.lifelinechildline.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Child-Protection-Policy.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204230347/https://www.lifelinechildline.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Child-Protection-Policy.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-04 |access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> Yin aikin yara da cin zarafi a cikin ma'aikata na ɗaya daga cikin manyan take haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ko da yake Namibiya ta gabatar da Dokar Ma'aikata ta 2007 wadda ta haramta yin aiki da yara, masana'antu irin su aikin jima'i da noma sun saba wa waɗannan dokoki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eresources provided by The University of Sydney Library |url=https://login.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/login?qurl=http://link.galegroup.com |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=login.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au}}</ref> Rahoton na 2009 'Bincike kan Mafi Muni na Ayyukan Aikin Yara' da Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka ta gudanar ga Namibiya, ya bayyana batutuwa kamar cin zarafin yara ta jiki da ta hanyar lalata da ma'aikatansu ke yi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Namibian |first=The |title=Child labour in Namibia at its worst |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=74323 |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=The Namibian |language=en}}</ref> Rahoton ya kuma yi nuni da cewa kashi 91.4% na aikin yara na cikin harkar noma. Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka ta fitar da wani rahoto na 2017 wanda ya sake gano jima'i da cin gajiyar noma a matsayin mafi muni na aikin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-30 |title=Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Namibia |url=https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/namibia |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=United States Department of Labor |language=en}}</ref> Wani batu da ya shafi yara a duk fadin kasar Namibiya shi ne yadda suke samun kulawar lafiya da rashin lafiyarsu da ke take hakkokinsu. Yaran kasar na fuskantar matsalolin rashin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma cutar kanjamau. A cikin 2017, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da rahoton cewa 80% na duk yaran da aka shigar da su asibitoci, sun gano rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin marasa lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNICEF |date=2017 |title=UNICEL Annual Report 2017 Namibia |url=https://www.unicef.org/about/annualreport/files/Namibia_2017_COAR.pdf.pdf |website=Namibia}}</ref> Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana haifar da mutuwar yara 6000 kowace shekara. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=SOS Children's Village International |title=General Information on Namibia |url=https://www.sos-childrensvillages.org/where-we-help/africa/namibia |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=SOS Children Villages international}}</ref> A cikin 2012 UNICEF ta bayyana cewa yara 18 000 suna dauke da cutar kanjamau, tare da yada uwa zuwa yaro da laifi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNICEF |title=Namibia Statistics |url=https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/namibia_statistics.html |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> Annobar cutar kanjamau ta yi kamari a Namibiya ta yadda kusan kashi 50% na yaran marayu ba sa iya samun isasshen kulawa daga iyayensu saboda mutuwa ko rashin lafiya daga cutar kanjamau. <ref name=":5"/> == Maganin kungiyoyin tsiraru == === Hakkin LGBT === A halin yanzu, Namibiya ba ta amince da haƙƙin waɗanda suka bayyana a matsayin 'yan madigo, 'yan luwaɗi, bisexual ko transgender (LGBT) . Yayin da tsarin mulki ya ba 'yan Namibiya kariya don kada su fuskanci azabtarwa sakamakon azabtarwa ko nuna wariya, mutanen LGBT suna fuskantar tashin hankali daga kowane bangare na al'umma, musamman jami'an 'yan sanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namibia's Compliance with the U.N. Convention Against Torture: LGBTI Rights |url=https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/namibia_cat_lgbti_shadow_report_with_sign_ons_oct_2016.pdf |access-date=2020-11-24 |archive-date=2017-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115063915/http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/namibia_cat_lgbti_shadow_report_with_sign_ons_oct_2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2009 kashi 55% na al'ummar ƙasar sun gamsu da samun mutumin LGBT a matsayin maƙwabcinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-09 |title=Africa's most and least homophobic countries |url=https://76crimes.com/2016/03/09/africas-most-and-least-homophobic-countries/ |access-date=2019-05-21 |website=Erasing 76 Crimes |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu an haramta luwadi. Duk da haka, saduwa tsakanin mata ya halatta. Namibiya tana duban sauyi ga kundin tsarin mulkinta wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ba a nuna wariya dangane da yanayin jima'i ba, saboda dokokin da ake da su yanzu ba su haɗa da wannan ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-26 |title=Wade Schaerer – No shame about living with HIV |url=https://www.mambaonline.com/2019/03/26/wade-schaerer-no-shame-about-living-with-hiv/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726155009/https://www.mambaonline.com/2019/03/26/wade-schaerer-no-shame-about-living-with-hiv/ |archive-date=2019-07-26 |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=MambaOnline - Gay South Africa online |language=en-US}}</ref> OutRight Namibia, ita ce babbar ƙungiyar LGBT mai zaman kanta a Namibiya kuma tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin al'ummar LGBT a matsayin murya da shirya abubuwan wayar da kan jama'a kamar faretin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namibia |url=https://www.outrightinternational.org/region/namibia |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=Global LGBT Human Rights Organization {{!}} OutRight}}</ref> === Mutanen asali === Kundin tsarin mulkin Namibiya ya dauki 'yancin duk mutanen Namibiya ba tare da la'akari da asalin kabila da kabila ba, amma bai yi la'akari da 'yancin ɗan adam na kowane ɗayan 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namibia |url=https://www.iwgia.org/en/namibia |access-date=2019-05-21 |website=www.iwgia.org}}</ref> Ya zuwa yanzu, ƙungiyoyi na musamman suna fuskantar matsananciyar gwagwarmaya dangane da haƙƙin mallakar ƙasar gargajiya. Ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Namibiya suna da kashi 8% na yawan jama'a tare da manyan ƙungiyoyin San, Nama, Ovahimba, Ovazemba, Ovatjimba da Ovatwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=IWGIA |date=12 September 2011 |title=Indigenous peoples in Namibia - IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs |url=https://www.iwgia.org/en/namibia/719-indigenous-peoples-in-namibia |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=www.iwgia.org}}</ref> A cikin rahoton 2016 na Kwamitin Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, an ba da rahoton cewa al'ummomin 'yan asalin sun rabu da su kuma suna fama da samun dama ga abubuwa masu mahimmanci irin su ilimi da kiwon lafiya. Waɗannan al'ummomin sun dogara da ƙasarsu da al'adarsu. Duk da haka, da yawa a yanzu an hana su samun filayen gargajiya. A cikin 2012, Ovahimba da Ovazemba sun fuskanci kusan lalata ƙasarsu don manufar gina dam ba tare da sanarwa ba. Samun isasshen ilimi da kiwon lafiya wani ƙalubale ne da ƴan asalin ƙasar Namibiya ke fuskanta. Tun da kundin tsarin mulki a cikin 1990, ƙimar kiwon lafiya ga kabilu irin su San sun ragu. Yawan karatunsu ya kai kashi 23% wanda ya yi kasa da na sauran al'ummar kasar da ke da matsakaicin kashi 66%. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cultural Survival |date=22 February 2016 |title=The State of Indigenous Human Rights in Namibia |url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/sites/default/files/media/namibiacescr2016.pdf |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=Cultural Survival}}</ref> Wannan yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙarancin adadin shiga makarantun sakandare wanda a halin yanzu ya kai 1%. <ref name=":6" /> == Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da hukumomi == === NamRights === An kafa [[Namrights|NamRights]] a cikin 1989 ta mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam Phil Ya Nangolo . Kungiyar da aka fi sani da National Society for Human Rights a baya, kungiyar ta damu da yadda al’umma da Jiha ke bin hakkin dan Adam kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulki ya bayyana. Ta fahimci cewa gwamnati ta amince da yancin ɗan adam duk da haka, ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta ta yi imanin cewa jihar ta gaza kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan adam tare da cin zarafi akai-akai. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke damun su ya haɗa da azabtarwa da kuma kula da waɗanda ake tsare da su a cikin ɗakunan kurkuku. NamRights yana da ƙarfi a cikin al'umma kuma galibi yana fuskantar binciken gwamnati. A cikin fatanta na neman hakkin bil'adama kungiyar ta bayyana ra'ayoyinsu dangane da rashin kariyar gwamnati da kula da hakokin. Don haka suke fafutukar samun tallafin kudi daga gwamnati saboda wannan rikici. === Cibiyar Taimakon Shari'a (LAC) === An kafa [[Legal Assistance Centre|Cibiyar Taimakon Shari'a]] (LAC) a cikin 1988 da nufin tallafawa waɗanda ke fama da wahala a lokacin wariyar launin fata inda yawancin 'yan Namibiya ke da 'yancin ɗan adam kaɗan. <ref name=":2"/> LAC ta bayyana kanta a matsayin kamfanin lauyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Tun lokacin da aka buɗe ofishin Windhoek a cikin 1998, ƙungiyar ta haɓaka kuma a yanzu tana mai da hankali kan ilimin yancin ɗan adam da horarwa, sanarwa da ba da shawarwari ga jama'a, bincike da shawarwari da ƙararraki. Don tabbatar da matsayinsu na kamfanin lauyoyi na jama'a, LAC za ta goyi bayan shari'o'i ne kawai lokacin da ya fi tasiri ga al'umma. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Legal Assistance Centre-Namibia |url=http://www.lac.org.na/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129205732/http://www.lac.org.na/about/history.html |archive-date=2020-01-29 |access-date=2019-06-05 |website=www.lac.org.na}}</ref> A cikin tarihi, ƙungiyar ta fuskanci bincike, duk da haka, yayin da 'yancin ɗan adam a Namibiya ke daɗa kafawa LAC tana ƙara samun yabo. <ref name=":7" /> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bude su a cikin 1998, gwamnati, a lokacin a ƙarƙashin ikon Afirka ta Kudu ta yi ƙoƙarin rufe kamfanin. Koyaya, a yau kamfanin ya sami karbuwa sosai tare da kyaututtuka kamar Kyautar Kyauta ta Musamman na 'Yancin Magana da Kyautar JP Karuaihe don Matsayin Jama'a da aka baiwa kamfanin. <ref name=":7"/> A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata kungiyar ta tallafa wa yawancin ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama da shirye-shirye kamar shirin Marayu da Marasa galihu. <ref name=":7" /> == Magana == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Rukuni:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam a Afirka]] faq5q4g5c80x1xf53m8dej6dwp0m006 0 102005 890096 632254 2026-08-01T12:20:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 890096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Janar '''Arlindo Pena Ben-Ben''' (17 Nuwamba 1955 - 19 Oktoba 1998)<ref name="independentobit">[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-general-arlindo-pena-1179412.html Obituary: General Arlindo Pena], ''[[The Independent]]'', Antony Goldman, 20 October 1998</ref> ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan soji na UNITA, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yanci guda uku da suka yi yaƙi da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Portugal a [[Angola]]. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, UNITA da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don 'Yanci na Angola|FNLA]] sun fafata da MPLA a yakin basasar Angola.<ref name="nineties">[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Africa-01.htm Human Rights Developments] Human Rights Watch.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] c8mzeia06xkh7o2lm3dkf9ca5araxy2 890098 890096 2026-08-01T12:21:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 890098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Janar '''Arlindo Pena Ben-Ben''' (17 Nuwamba 1955 - 19 Oktoba 1998)<ref name="independentobit">[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-general-arlindo-pena-1179412.html Obituary: General Arlindo Pena], ''[[The Independent]]'', Antony Goldman, 20 October 1998</ref> ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan soji na UNITA, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yanci guda uku da suka yi yaƙi da 'yan mulkin mallaka na [[Portugal]] a [[Angola]]. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, UNITA da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don 'Yanci na Angola|FNLA]] sun fafata da MPLA a yakin basasar Angola.<ref name="nineties">[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Africa-01.htm Human Rights Developments] Human Rights Watch.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] cwnewx37zkim9d0uidss77ya38x4gg7 890099 890098 2026-08-01T12:21:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 890099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Janar '''Arlindo Pena Ben-Ben''' (17 Nuwamba 1955 - 19 Oktoba 1998)<ref name="independentobit">[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-general-arlindo-pena-1179412.html Obituary: General Arlindo Pena], ''[[The Independent]]'', Antony Goldman, 20 October 1998</ref> ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan soji na UNITA, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yanci guda uku da suka yi yaƙi da 'yan mulkin mallaka na [[Portugal]] a [[Angola]]. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, UNITA da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don 'Yanci na Angola|FNLA]] sun fafata da MPLA a yakin basasar [[Angola]].<ref name="nineties">[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Africa-01.htm Human Rights Developments] Human Rights Watch.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] 6tjlbf2d9rdcp1x0nkwtxynfee6855r 890100 890099 2026-08-01T12:21:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 890100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Janar '''Arlindo Pena Ben-Ben''' (17 Nuwamba 1955 - 19 Oktoba 1998)<ref name="independentobit">[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-general-arlindo-pena-1179412.html Obituary: General Arlindo Pena], ''[[The Independent]]'', Antony Goldman, 20 October 1998</ref> ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan soji na UNITA, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yanci guda uku da suka yi yaƙi da 'yan mulkin mallaka na [[Portugal]] a [[Angola]]. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, UNITA da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don 'Yanci na Angola|FNLA]] sun fafata da MPLA a yakin basasar kasar [[Angola]].<ref name="nineties">[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/WR94/Africa-01.htm Human Rights Developments] Human Rights Watch.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] cxrhujyo3at80pe7uh7il0s1q0wcydk 0 102145 890455 838098 2026-08-02T07:21:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yunkurin kare haƙƙin bil'adama (1865-1896) ''' ya yi niyyar kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|'Yan Afirka na Afirka]], inganta damar iliminsu da aiki, da kuma kafa ikon zaɓe, bayan kawar da bautar a Amurka. Lokacin daga shekarar 1865 zuwa shekara ta 1895 ya ga babban canji a cikin wadatar al'ummar baƙar fata bayan kawar da bautar a Kudu. Nan da nan bayan Yaƙin basasar Amurka, gwamnatin tarayya ta kaddamar da shirin da aka sani da Reconstruction wanda ke da niyyar Sake ginawa jihohin tsohuwar Confederacy. Shirye-shiryen tarayya sun kuma ba da taimako ga tsoffin bayi kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗa su cikin al'umma a matsayin 'yan ƙasa. Dukansu a lokacin da kuma bayan wannan lokacin, baƙar fata sun sami iko mai yawa na siyasa kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami damar motsawa daga talauci mai tsanani zuwa mallakar ƙasa. A lokaci guda fushi game da waɗannan nasarorin da fararen mutane da yawa suka samu ya haifar da wani kamfen na tashin hankali wanda ba a taɓa gani ba wanda surori na Ku Klux Klan suka yi, kuma a cikin shekarun 1870 ƙungiyoyin Sojoji kamar Red Shirts da White League suka yi shi. A cikin 1896, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli]] ta yanke hukunci a ''Plessy v. Ferguson'', 163 Amurka 537, [ a ] alamar ƙasa mai tabbatar da "rarrabuwa amma daidaita" wariyar launin fata a matsayin tsarin mulki. Ya kasance babban koma baya ga yancin jama'a, yayin da shari'a, zamantakewa, da siyasa na al'ummar Baƙar fata ya kai wani matsayi . Daga 1890 zuwa 1908, tun daga Mississippi, jihohin kudu sun zartar da sabbin kundin tsarin mulki da dokokin da ke hana yawancin Bakaken fata hakkinsu tare da ware su daga tsarin siyasa, matsayin da aka kiyaye a lokuta da yawa har zuwa 1940s. Yawancin yunkurin sake fasalin farko a wannan zamanin sun kasance karkashin jagorancin Radical Republicans, wani bangare na Jam'iyyar Republican. A ƙarshen karni na 19, tare da hana 'yanci da ke ci gaba don cire baƙar fata daga tsarin siyasa gaba ɗaya, abin da ake kira lily-white movement ya yi aiki don raunana ikon sauran baƙar fata a cikin jam'iyyar. Manyan shugabannin kare hakkin bil'adama na wannan lokacin sune Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) da Booker T. Washington (1856-1915). == Sake ginawa == [[Fayil:FreedmenVotingInNewOrleans1867.jpeg|thumb|'Yanci suna jefa kuri'a a New Orleans, 1867]] Sake ginawa ya kasance daga Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation na Janairu 1, 1863 zuwa Yarjejeniyar 1877 . Manyan batutuwan da Shugaba [[Abraham Lincoln|Ibrahim Lincoln]] ya fuskanta sune matsayin tsoffin bayi (wanda ake kira "Freedmen"), aminci da haƙƙin farar hula na tsoffin 'yan tawaye, matsayin tsoffin jihohi 11, ikon gwamnatin tarayya da ake buƙata don hana yakin basasa na gaba, da kuma tambayar ko Majalisa ko Shugaban kasa zai yanke manyan yanke shawara. Babban barazanar yunwa da kuma fitar da 'yanci marasa aikin yi sun hadu da babbar hukumar agaji ta tarayya ta farko, Ofishin' yanci, wanda Sojoji ke sarrafawa. An zartar da "Gwamnatin sake ginawa" guda uku don fadada haƙƙin ɗan adam ga Baƙar fata na Amirkawa: Kwaskwarima ta goma sha huɗu ta haramta bautar; Kwaskwarimar ta goma sha huɗu ta tabbatar da daidaito ga kowa da kuma zama ɗan ƙasa ga baƙar fata; Kwaskwarar ta goma sha biyar ta hana amfani da launin fata don hana maza. Daga cikin amfani da sauri fiye da gyare-gyaren kundin tsarin mulki, dokokin da Majalisa ta zartar don ba da damar gwamnatin tarayya, ta hanyar sabon Ma'aikatar Shari'a da kuma ta hanyar kotunan tarayya don tilasta sabbin 'yancin bil'adama Ko da gwamnatocin jihohi sun yi watsi da matsalar. Wadannan sun hada da Ayyukan tilasta aiki na 1870-71 da Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1875. Tsoffin 'yan jam'iyyar Confederate sun kasance suna kula da yawancin jihohin Kudancin sama da shekaru biyu, amma hakan ya canza lokacin da' yan Republican Radical suka sami iko da Majalisa a zaben 1866. Shugaba Andrew Johnson, wanda ya nemi sauƙin sake haduwa da tsoffin 'yan tawaye, kusan ba shi da iko; ya tsere ta hanyar cire kuri'a daya ta hanyar impeachment. Majalisa ta ba da 'yanci ga baƙar fata kuma ta dakatar da yawancin tsoffin shugabannin Confederate na ɗan lokaci na haƙƙin riƙe mukamin. Sabbin gwamnatocin Jamhuriyar Republican sun zo mulki bisa ga hadin gwiwar 'yanci tare da Carpetbaggers (sabon masu zuwa daga Arewa), da Scalawags (fararen mutanen Kudu). Sojojin Amurka ne suka goyi bayan su. Masu adawa sun ce sun cin hanci da rashawa kuma sun keta haƙƙin fararen fata. Jiha bayan jiha sun rasa iko ga hadin gwiwar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da na dimokuradiyya, wanda ya sami iko ta hanyar tashin hankali da zamba na duk Kudu a shekara ta 1877. A mayar da martani ga Radical Reconstruction, Ku Klux Klan (KKK) ya fito ne a 1867 a matsayin kungiyar fararen fata mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke adawa da 'yancin farar hula da mulkin Jamhuriyar Republican. Shugaba Ulysses Grant ya aiwatar da Dokar Ku Klux Klan ta 1870 ya rufe Klan, kuma ya rushe. Amma daga zaben 1868 a jihohin kudanci da yawa sun kara kewaye da tashin hankali don murkushe kuri'un Black. Kungiyoyin bindigogi suna da dubban mambobi. A shekara ta 1874, kungiyoyin Sojoji, irin su White League da Red Shirts sun fito ne wadanda suka yi aiki a bayyane don amfani da tsoratarwa da tashin hankali don murkushe kuri'un baƙar fata da rushe Jam'iyyar Republican don sake samun ikon siyasa a jihohin da ke fadin Kudu. Rable ya bayyana su a matsayin "ma'aikatar soja ta Jam'iyyar Democrat" Sake ginawa ya ƙare bayan Zaben 1876 tsakanin dan takarar Republican Rutherford B. Hayes da dan takarar Democrat Samuel J. Tilden . Tare da sulhu Hayes ya lashe Fadar White House, gwamnatin tarayya ta janye dakarunta daga Kudu, ta watsar da 'yanci ga' yan Democrat masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, wadanda suka sake samun iko a gwamnatocin jihohi. == Fitowar Kansas == Ɗaya daga cikin rukuni shine Kansas Fever Exodus, wanda ya kunshi mutane dubu shida baƙi waɗanda suka ƙaura daga [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]], [[Louisiana]] da [[Texas]] zuwa Kansas.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Nell Irvin Painter}}</ref> Mutane da yawa a Louisiana sun yi wahayi zuwa gare su su bar jihar lokacin da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Louisiana ta 1879 ta yanke shawarar cewa haƙƙin jefa kuri'a lamari ne ga jihar, ba tarayya ba, gwamnati, don haka ya share hanyar da za a hana 'yancin baƙar fata na Louisiana.<ref name="africana">{{Cite book|last3=Henry Louis Gates}}</ref> Ba a yaba da fitowar ba a duk duniya daga 'yan Afirka na Amurka; hakika, Frederick Douglass mai sukar ne. Douglass ya ji cewa motsi ba shi da lokaci kuma ba a tsara shi sosai. == Ƙungiyar siyasa == Baƙar fata a duk faɗin Kudu sun sami damar yin zabe a 1867, kuma sun shiga Jam'iyyar Republican. Kungiyar ta musamman ta kasance ta hanyar Union League, wata ƙungiya ta sirri da aka shirya a cikin gida amma Jam'iyyar Republican ta ƙasa ta inganta. Eric Foner ya ba da rahoton cewa: : A ƙarshen shekara ta 1867 ya zama kamar kusan kowane mai jefa kuri'a na Black a Kudu ya shiga cikin Union League, Loyal League, ko kuma wasu ƙungiyoyin siyasa na gida. Ana gudanar da tarurruka a cikin cocin Black ko makaranta. Kungiyoyin Tarayyar Tarayyar sun inganta kungiyoyi masu kama da 'yan bindiga inda baƙar fata suka haɗu don kare kansu daga masu tayar da hankali. Ba a yarda membobin su jefa kuri'a kan tikitin Democrat ba. Kungiyar Tarayyar Tarayya da irin waɗannan kungiyoyi sun fuskanci mummunan hari daga KKK bayan 1869, kuma sun rushe. Ƙoƙarin da aka yi daga baya don farfado da Union League ya gaza. Ministocin baƙar fata sun samar da yawancin jagorancin baƙarƙashiya, tare da sababbin masu zuwa waɗanda suka kasance 'yanci baƙar fata a Arewa kafin yakin basasa. Birane da yawa suna da jaridu na Black waɗanda suka bayyana batutuwan kuma suka tara al'umma. === Rarrabawar Ƙungiya === A cikin jiha bayan jiha a duk faɗin Kudu, rikice-rikice ya fito a cikin Jam'iyyar Republican, tare da mutanen Black da abokansu na kafet sun kafa ƙungiyar Black-and-tan, wanda ke fuskantar ƙungiyar "lily-white" na fararen Scalawag Republicans na gida. (Sakamako na ƙungiyoyi sun zama ruwan dare bayan 1888, shekaru goma bayan ƙarshen sake ginawa.) Mutanen baƙar fata sun ƙunshi mafi yawan masu jefa kuri'a na Jamhuriyar Republican, amma sun sami karamin yanki na tallafawa. Sun bukaci karin bayani. Hahn ya bayyana matakan da suka dauka: : Ƙarfin baki....ya dubi ikon siyasa na gida da 'yancin kai kuma ya fara gina sabon asalin siyasa. Ma'aikatan baƙar fata sun kira shugabannin jam'iyyar fararen fata don lissafawa. Sun koma don sarrafa kayan aikin jam'iyyar gundumar da gundumar. Sun ƙi masu neman fararen ofis kuma sun maye gurbin baƙar fata. Sun zabi dukkan takardun zabe na Black. Jam'iyyar Black-and-tan yawanci ta lashe yakin basasa, amma yayin da scalawags suka rasa fadace-fadace na cikin jam'iyya, mutane da yawa sun fara jefa kuri'a ga tikitin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ko Democrat. Jam'iyyar Republican ta zama "Blacker da Blacker a tsawon lokaci", yayin da ta rasa masu jefa kuri'a. Abu mafi ban mamaki shine Brooks-Baxter War a Arkansas a 1874. Michael Les Benedict ya ce, "Kowane tarihin zamani na sake ginawa yana jaddada gudummawar da ya bayar ga rushewar Jamhuriyar Republicanism ta kudu. " Game da batutuwan launin fata, Sarah Woolfolk Wiggins ta yi jayayya: : White Republicans da kuma Democrats sun nemi kuri'un baki amma ba tare da son rai ba sun ba da lada ga baƙar fata tare da gabatarwa ga ofis kawai idan ya cancanta, har ma a lokacin da suke ajiye karin matsayi ga fararen fata. Sakamakon ya kasance mai tsinkaye: waɗannan alamun rabin gurasa ba su gamsar da Black ko fararen Republican ba. Rashin ƙarfi na Jam'iyyar Republican a Alabama, kamar yadda yake a wasu wurare a Kudu, shine rashin iya kirkirar jam'iyyar siyasa ta bambanci. Kuma yayin da suke mulki har ma a takaice, sun kasa kare membobinsu daga ta'addanci na Democrat. 'Yan Jamhuriyar Alabama sun kasance har abada a kan tsaro, baki da jiki. === Populism === A cikin 1894, an sami babban tashin hankali na manoma a yankunan auduga da taba na Kudancin Amurka. Tasirin mafi girma ya faru ne a Arewacin Carolina, inda talakkawan manoma farar fata waɗanda suka kafa jam'iyyar Populist suka yi kawance da jam'iyyar Republican, wadda a lokacin galibi Bakar fata ne ke sarrafa ta a yankunan ƙasashe masu ƙasƙanci, da kuma talakkawan farar fata a yankunan tsaunuka. Sun karɓi ikon majalisar dokokin jihar a 1894 da 1896, da kuma gwamna a 1896. Majalisar dokokin jihar ta rage buƙatun mallakar dukiya, wanda ya faɗaɗa damar yin zaɓe ga fararen fata mafi rinjaye a jihar da kuma ga Bakar fata. A 1895, Majalisar Dokokin ta saka wa abokan kawancenta Bakar fata da mukamai, inda ta naɗa alƙalai Bakar fata 300 a yankunan gabas, da kuma mataimakan 'yan sanda da 'yan sanda na birni. Sun kuma sami wasu mukamai na tarayya daga ɗan majalisar dokoki na kawancen, da kuma mukamai na jihar daga gwamna.<ref>Edmunds, Helen G. (1951), ''The Negro and Fusion Politics in North Carolina, 1894–1901'', pp. 97–136.</ref> Da niyyar sake dawo da mulki, fararen fata 'yan Democrat sun kaddamar da kamfen bisa ga farar fata mafi girma da fargabar haɗin jinsi. Kamfen ɗin zaɓen farar fata mafi girma na 1898 ya yi nasara, kuma 'yan Democrat sun sake dawo da ikon majalisar dokokin jihar. Amma Wilmington, birni mafi girma kuma mai yawan Bakar fata, ya zaɓi gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa mai launin fata biyu, tare da farar fata magajin gari da kashi biyu bisa uku na majalisar birni kasancewar fararen fata. 'Yan Democrat sun riga sun shirya don hambarar da gwamnati idan suka rasa zaɓen a nan kuma suka ci gaba da juyin mulkin Wilmington na 1898. 'Yan Democrat sun kori Bakar fata da jami'an Fusionist daga birnin, suna kai hari ga jaridar Bakar fata tilo a jihar; ƙungiyoyin fararen fata sun kai hari yankunan Bakar fata na birnin, suna kashewa da raunata mutane da yawa, da lalata gidaje da kasuwancin da aka gina tun bayan yaƙin.<ref>Kirshenbaum, Andrea Meryl, {{"'}}The Vampire That Hovers Over North Carolina': Gender, White Supremacy, and the Wilmington Race Riot of 1898", ''Southern Cultures'' 4#3 (1998), pp. 6–30 online </ref> An kiyasta Bakar fata 2100 sun bar birnin har abada, inda suka bar shi birni mai rinjayen fararen fata. Babu wani tashin hankali a kowane jihohin Kudancin da suka sami nasarar haɗin gwiwar Bakar fata-Populist a matakin jiha. A 1899, majalisar dokokin Arewacin Carolina mai rinjayen fararen fata ta zartar da gyaran dokar zaɓe wanda ya hana yawancin Bakar fata damar zaɓe. Ba za su dawo da ikon yin zaɓe ba har sai bayan zartar da Dokar 'Yancin Zabe ta Tarayya ta 1965. ==Yanayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa== Yawancin bakar fata a wannan lokacin manoma ne. Daga cikinsu akwai manyan rukuni huɗu, uku daga cikinsu suna aiki ga fararen masu mallakar filaye: manoman haya, manoman raba gona, da ma'aikatan noma. <ref>Royce, Edward, ''The Origins of Southern Sharecropping'' (2010).</ref> <ref>Irwin, James R., and Anthony Patrick O'Brien. "Where Have All the Sharecroppers Gone?: Black Occupations in Postbellum Mississippi." ''Agricultural History'' 72#2 (1998): 280-297. in JSTOR</ref> <ref>Ralph Shlomowitz, "'Bound' or 'Free'? Black Labor in Cotton and Sugarcane Farming, 1865–1880." ''Journal of Southern History'' 50.4 (1984): 569–596. in JSTOR</ref> Rukuni na huɗu sune bakar fata masu mallakar gonakinsu, kuma sun kasance masu cin gashin kai daga ikon tattalin arzikin farar fata. <ref>Sharon Ann Holt, "Making freedom pay: Freedpeople working for themselves, North Carolina, 1865–1900." ''Journal of Southern History'' 60#2 (1994): 229–262.</ref> ===Abubuwan birni=== Kudancin Amurka yana da ƴan ƙananan birane a cikin 1860, amma lokacin yaƙin, kuma bayan haka, 'yan gudun hijira baki da fari sun shigo daga yankunan karkara. Yawan baƙar fata da ke ƙaruwa ya samar da jagororin malamai, ƙwararru, da ƴan kasuwa. <ref>Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution'' (1988), pp. 396–98.</ref> <ref>Rabinowitz, Howard N., ''Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865–1890'' (1978), pp. 61–96, 240–48.</ref> Waɗannan shugabannin galibi suna ba da fifiko sosai ga haƙƙin ɗan adam. Tabbas, yawancin bakar fata a biranen Amurka ma'aikata ne marasa fasaha ko marasa ƙwarewa. <ref>James Illingworth, ''Crescent City Radicals: Black Working People and the Civil War Era in New Orleans.'' (PhD dissertation, University of California Santa Cruz, 2015) online.</ref> Masanin tarihi August Meier ya ruwaito: :Daga ƙarshen shekarun 1880 an sami ci gaba mai ban mamaki na kasuwancin Negro – bankuna da kamfanonin inshora, masu aikin jana'iza da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki.... Ya faru ne a lokacin da bakar fatan masu gyaran gashi, ƴan dinki, masu dafa abinci, ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa, baƙaƙen fatan maƙera, da sauran masu sana'a ke rasa abokan cinikinsu farar fata. Dangane da kasuwar Negro, masu haɓaka sabbin kamfanonin a zahiri sun goyi bayan ruhun taimakon kai da haɗin kai na launin fata. <ref>cite book|last=Meier|first=August|title=Negro Thought in America, 1880-1915: Racial Ideologies in the Age of Booker T. Washington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=masKS7ZroY0C&pg=PA139|year=1963|page=139|publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0472061181</ref> <ref>For detailed national report on the numbers of black businessmen and their finances in 1890, see Andrew F. Hilyer, "The Colored American in Business", pp. 13–22, in cite book|author=|title=Proceedings of the National Negro Business League: Its First Meeting Held in Boston, Massachusetts, August 23 and 24, 1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oeBtAAAAMAAJ|year=1901</ref> ====Memphis==== File:Black Americans attacked in Memphis Riot of 1866.jpg|thumb|400px|Bakar fata a Memphis karkashin hari, ''Harper's Weekly'', 26 ga Mayu 1866 Lokacin yaƙin dubban bayi sun tsere daga gonakin karkara zuwa layin Union, kuma Sojoji sun kafa sansanin ba bisa ka'ida ba kusa da Memphis, Tennessee. Zuwa 1865, akwai bakar fata 20,000 a cikin birnin, karuwa sau bakwai daga 3,000 kafin yaƙin. <ref name="Ryan">James G. Ryan, "The Memphis Riots of 1866: Terror in a Black Community during Reconstruction", ''Journal of Negro History'' (1977) 62#3: 243-257, at JSTOR.</ref> Kasancewar sojojin Union bakar fata ya fusata Katolika ƴan Ireland a cikin birnin, waɗanda suka yi gasa da bakar fata don ayyukan aikin da ba su da ƙwarewa. A cikin 1866, an sami babban tarzoma inda farar fata suka kai hari ga bakar fata. An kashe bakar fata arba'in da biyar, kuma kusan ninki biyu na waɗanda suka jikkata; an lalata yawancin gidajensu na ɗan lokaci. <ref name="carden">http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/publication/WP1040_An%20Unrighteous%20Piece%20of%20Business.pdf Art Carden and Christopher J. Coyne, "An Unrighteous Piece of Business: A New Institutional Analysis of the Memphis Riot of 1866", Mercatus Center, George Mason University, July 2010, accessed 1 February 2014</ref> Zuwa 1870, yawan bakar fata ya kai 15,000 a cikin birni mai yawan 40,226. <ref name="Ryan"/> Robert Reed Church (1839–1912), wani ƴantacce, shine bakar fata na farko da ya zama miliyoniya a Kudancin Amurka. <ref>cite book|last=Kranz|first=Rachel|title=African-American Business Leaders and Entrepreneurs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCHX6P8ETI0C&pg=PA49|year=2004|pages=49–51|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9781438107790</ref> Ya samu dukiyarsa daga cinikin kadarorin birni, mafi yawansu bayan Memphis ya zama marar yawan jama'a bayan cututtukan zazzabin rawaya. Ya kafa bankin farko mallakin bakar fata a birnin, Solvent Savings Bank, yana tabbatar da cewa al'ummar bakar fata za su iya samun rancen kafa kasuwanci. Ya shiga sosai cikin harkokin siyasa na jam'iyyar Republican na gida da na ƙasa kuma ya jagoranci goyon baya ga al'ummar bakar fata. Ɗansa ya zama babban ɗan siyasa a Memphis. Ya kasance shugaban al'ummar bakar fata kuma mai bayar da gudummawa a cikin abubuwa da yawa. Saboda raguwar yawan jama'ar birni, bakar fata sun sami wasu damammaki. An ɗauke su aiki a rundunar 'yan sanda a matsayin jami'an sintiri kuma sun riƙe muƙamai a cikinta har zuwa 1895, lokacin da raba-gardama tilas ya fitar da su. <ref>Caplinger, Christopher, "Yellow Fever Epidemics", ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'' (2010).</ref> ====Atlanta==== Tarihin Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia ta lalace a cikin yaƙin, amma a matsayin babban cibiyar jirgin ƙasa ta sake ginawa cikin sauri bayan haka, tana jawo hankalin baƙi da yawa daga karkara. Daga 1860 zuwa 1870 gundumar Fulton (wanda Atlanta shine babban birnin gundumar) ta ninka fiye da yawan jama'a, daga 14,000 zuwa 33,000. A cikin tsarin da aka gani a Kudancin Amurka, yawancin 'yan 'yanci sun ƙaura daga gonaki zuwa garuruwa ko birane don aiki da kuma tattara kansu a cikin al'ummominsu. Gundumar Fulton ta tashi daga kashi 20.5% bakar fata a 1860 zuwa kashi 45.7% bakar fata a 1870. <ref>http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/index.html Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303160835/http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/index.html|date=2016-03-03 University of West Virginia, Historical Census Browser, 1860 census.</ref> Atlanta cikin sauri ta zama babbar cibiyar ilimin bakar fata ta ƙasa. Malamai da ɗalibai sun samar da yanayi mai goyon baya don tattaunawa da fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Jami'ar Clark Atlanta#Jami'ar Atlanta|An kafa Jami'ar Atlanta a 1865. Wanda ya fara Kwalejin Morehouse ya buɗe a 1867, Jami'ar Clark Atlanta#Jami'ar Atlanta|Jami'ar Clark ta buɗe a 1869. Abin da ke yanzu Kwalejin Spelman ta buɗe a 1881, da Kwalejin Morris Brown a 1885. Wannan zai zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa da yawa da ke taimakawa kafa ɗayan manyan al'ummomin bakar fata mafi daɗewa kuma mafi kafa a ƙasar a Atlanta. ====Philadelphia==== Tarihin Philadelphia|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan birane a arewacin layin Mason–Dixon, kuma ta jawo hankalin bakar fata da yawa kafin Yaƙin Basasa. Galibi suna zaune a yankunan Southwark da Moyamensing. Zuwa shekarun 1890, yankunan sun sami mummunar suna dangane da laifuka, talauci, da mace-mace. <ref>Roger Lane, ''William Dorsey's Philadelphia and Ours: On the Past and Future of the Black City in America'' (1991).</ref> W.E.B. Du Bois, a cikin bincikensa na zamantakewa ''The Philadelphia Negro'' (1899), ya wargaza ra'ayoyin da ba su dace ba tare da shaidar gwaji. Ya tsara hanyarsa zuwa raba-gardama da mummunan tasirinsa ga rayuwar bakar fata da sunansu. Sakamakon ya sa Du Bois ya gane cewa haɗin kai na launin fata shine mabuɗin daidaiton dimokiraɗiyya a biranen Amurka. <ref>Martin Bulmer, "W. E. B. Du Bois as a Social Investigator: The Philadelphia Negro, 1899," in Martin Bulmer, Kevin Bales, and Kathryn Kish Sklar, eds. ''The Social Survey in Historical Perspective, 1880–1940'' (1991) pp 170-88.</ref> ==Ilimi== Al'ummar bakar fata sun shiga gwagwarmayar dogon lokaci don samun ingantattun makarantun gwamnati. Malamin tarihi Hilary Green ya ce "ba wai kawai gwagwarmaya ce don samun ilimi da karatu ba ce, amma gwagwarmaya ce don 'yanci, zama ɗan ƙasa, da kuma sabon tsarin zamantakewar al'umma bayan yaƙi."<ref>Hilary Green, '' Educational Reconstruction: African American Schools in the Urban South, 1865–1890'' (Fordham University Press, 2016), p. 15.</ref> Al'ummar bakar fata da fararen fata masu goyon bayansu a Arewa sun jaddada muhimmiyar rawar ilimi a matsayin ginshiƙi don kafa daidaito a haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>Foner, ''Reconstruction'', pp. 96–102, 144–46, 322.</ref> Dokokin hana karatu ga bakar fata masu 'yanci da kuma bayi sun kasance a yawancin jihohin Kudancin Amurka tun daga shekarun 1830s,<ref>Williams, Heather Andrea, ''Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom'' (U of North Carolina Press, 2009).</ref> Yaduwar jahilci ya sa ya zama wajibi a cikin jerin abubuwan da bakar fata suka fi ba da fifiko shine samar da sabbin damammaki na ilimi, ciki har da makarantu masu zaman kansu da makarantun gwamnati ga yaran bakar fata da harajin jihohi ke ba da kuɗi. Jihohin sun kafa dokoki masu dacewa a lokacin Reconstruction, amma aiwatarwa ya kasance mai rauni a yawancin yankunan karkara, kuma tare da sakamako mara daidaito a yankunan birane. Bayan Reconstruction ya ƙare an takaita kuɗin haraji, amma bakar fata na gida da ƙungiyoyin addini na ƙasa da masu bayar da agaji sun taimaka. Haɗaɗɗun makarantun gwamnati yana nufin fararen malamai na gida ne ke jagoranta, kuma ba a amince da su ba. Jagorancin bakar fata gabaɗaya sun goyi bayan makarantun da aka ware na bakar fata kawai.<ref>cite book|first=Betty |last=Jamerson Reed|title=School Segregation in Western North Carolina: A History, 1860s-1970s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2oFNmUlEn8C&pg=PA21|year=2011|publisher=McFarland|page=21|isbn=9780786487080</ref><ref>cite book|first=Nell Irvin |last=Painter|title=Exodusters: Black Migration to Kansas After Reconstruction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtXECQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=1992|pages=49–51|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=9780393352511</ref> Al'ummar bakar fata suna so su sami shugabanni da malamai bakar fata, ko (a makarantu masu zaman kansu) fararen fata masu goyon baya da majami'u na arewa ke ɗaukar nauyi. An ware makarantun gwamnati a duk faɗin Kudancin Amurka a lokacin Reconstruction da kuma bayan haka har zuwa shekarun 1950. New Orleans ya kasance banbanci kaɗan: makarantunta galibi suna haɗaɗɗu ne a lokacin Reconstruction.<ref>Harlan, Louis R. (1962), "Desegregation in New Orleans Public Schools During Reconstruction." ''American Historical Review'' 67#3: 663–675. in JSTOR</ref> A zamanin Reconstruction, Freedmen's Bureau ya buɗe makarantu 1000 a faɗin Kudancin Amurka ga yaran bakar fata ta amfani da kuɗaɗen tarayya. Adadin ɗalibai ya yi yawa kuma yana da farin ciki. Gabaɗaya, Bureau ya kashe dala miliyan 5 don kafa makarantu ga bakar fata kuma a ƙarshen 1865, fiye da ɗaliban Freedmen 90,000 sun shiga makarantun gwamnati. Tsarin karatun makarantar ya yi kama da na makarantu a arewa.<ref>cite book |first=James D. |last=Anderson |title=The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 |location=Chapel Hill |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8078-1793-3 |title-link=The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 </ref> Amma a ƙarshen Reconstruction, kuɗin jihohi don makarantun bakar fata ya yi kaɗan, kuma wuraren sun kasance marasa kyau.<ref>Harlan, Louis R. (1958), ''Separate and Unequal: Public School Campaigns and Racism in the Southern Seaboard States, 1901–1915'', pp. 3–44 online.</ref> Yawancin malamai na Freedmen Bureau sun kasance mata masu ilimi daga Yankee waɗanda addini da nuna adawa da bauta suka motsa su. Rabin malamai fararen fata ne daga kudu; kashi ɗaya bisa uku bakar fata ne, kuma kashi ɗaya bisa shida fararen fata ne daga arewa.<ref>cite book |first=Ronald E. |last=Butchart |title=Schooling the Freed People: Teaching, Learning, and the Struggle for Black Freedom, 1861–1876 |location=Chapel Hill |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8078-3420-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLxx14deoRcC </ref> Maza bakar fata sun ɗan fi mata bakar fata yawa. Albashi shine babban abin motsa rai ban da na arewa, waɗanda galibi ƙungiyoyin arewa ke ba da kuɗi kuma suna da manufar agaji. A matsayin rukuni, ƙungiyar bakar fata ce kaɗai ta nuna jajircewa ga daidaito tsakanin kabilu; sune suka fi dacewa su ci gaba da zama malamai.<ref>cite web |first=Michelle A. |last=Krowl |title=Review of Butchart, Ronald E., ''Schooling the Freed People: Teaching, Learning, and the Struggle for Black Freedom, 1861–1876'' |work=H-SAWH, H-Net Reviews |date=September 2011 |url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=32584 </ref> ===Ilimin sakandare da na kwaleji=== Kusan dukkanin kwalejoji a Kudancin Amurka an ware su sosai; wasu 'yan kwalejoji na arewa sun karɓi ɗaliban bakar fata. An kafa makarantu masu zaman kansu a faɗin Kudancin Amurka ta majami'u, musamman ta ƙungiyoyin addini na arewa, don samar da ilimi bayan karatun firamare. Sun fi mayar da hankali kan aikin matakin sakandare (makarantar sakandare) kuma sun samar da ɗan ƙaramin aikin kwaleji.<ref>Brooks, F. Erik, and Glenn L. Starks. ''Historically Black Colleges and Universities: An Encyclopedia'' (Greenwood, 2011), pp. 11–132, describes the 66 colleges opened by 1900; most are still active today.</ref> Kuɗin makaranta ya yi kaɗan, don haka majami'u na ƙasa da na gida galibi suna tallafawa kwalejoji da kuɗi, kuma suna ba da tallafin wasu malamai. Babbar ƙungiya mai sadaukarwa ita ce American Missionary Association, wadda majami'un Congregational na New England suka fi ɗaukar nauyi.<ref name="Joe M. Richardson 1986">Richardson, Joe M. (1986), ''Christian Reconstruction: The American Missionary Association and Southern Blacks, 1861–1890''.</ref> A shekarar 1900, majami'u na Arewa ko ƙungiyoyin da suka ɗauki nauyi sun gudanar da makarantu 247 ga bakar fata a faɗin Kudancin Amurka, tare da kasafin kuɗi kimanin dala miliyan 1. Sun yi amfani da malamai 1600 kuma sun koyar da ɗalibai 46,000.<ref name="Joe M. Richardson 1986"/><ref>cite book|title=Annual Report of the Hampton Negro Conference|author=Hampton Negro Conference|author-link=Hampton Negro Conference|editor1-last=Browne |editor1-first=Hugh |editor2-last=Kruse |editor2-first=Edwina |editor4-last=Moton |editor3-last=Walker |editor3-first=Thomas C. |editor4-first=Robert Russa |editor4-link=Robert Russa Moton |editor5-last=Wheelock |editor5-first=Frederick D. |publisher=Hampton Institute Press|location=Hampton, Virginia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUQ9AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA59|hdl=2027/chi.14025704?urlappend=%3Bseq=65|volume=5|year=1901|page=59 Alt URL</ref> A matakin kwaleji, fitattun makarantu masu zaman kansu sune Fisk University a Nashville, Clark Atlanta University|Jami'ar Atlanta, da Hampton University|Hampton Institute a Virginia. An kafa wasu 'yan kaɗan a jihohin arewa. Howard University makarantar tarayya ce da ke Washington. A shekarar 1890, Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙaru da shirin ba da filaye don haɗawa da tallafin tarayya ga kwalejojin da jihohi ke ɗaukar nauyi a faɗin Kudancin Amurka. Ya buƙaci jihohin Kudancin Amurka da ke da tsarin raba-gardama su kafa kwalejojin bakar fata a matsayin cibiyoyin ba da filaye don duk ɗalibai su sami damar yin karatu a irin waɗannan wurare. Hampton University|Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute yana da mahimmancin ƙasa saboda ya kafa ka'idojin ilimin masana'antu.{{sfn|Anderson|1988|pp=33-78}} Har ma da babban tasiri shine Tuskegee University|Tuskegee Normal School for Colored Teachers, wanda jihar Alabama ta kafa a 1881 kuma Booker T. Washington|Booker T. Washington, wanda ya kammala karatu a Hampton, ya jagoranta har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1915. A wani wuri kuma, a 1900 akwai ɗaliban bakar fata kaɗan da suka shiga aikin kwaleji.<ref>cite book|last=Freeman|first=Kassie|title=African American Culture and Heritage in Higher Education Research and Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzweC0P6k2YC&pg=PA146|year=1998|page=146|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9780275958442</ref> Bakar fata 22 ne kawai suka kammala karatun kwaleji kafin Yaƙin Basasa. Oberlin College a Ohio ta kasance majagaba; ta kammala karatun bakar fata na farko a 1844.<ref>cite book|last=Hornsby|first=Alton|title=Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TkGMnE6g1qMC&pg=PA633|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=633|isbn=9780313341120</ref> Adadin bakar fata da suka kammala karatun ya karu cikin sauri: 44 sun kammala a shekarun 1860s; 313 a shekarun 1870s; 738 a shekarun 1880s; 1126 a shekarun 1890s; da 1613 a shekarun 1900–1909. Sun zama ƙwararru; kashi 54% sun zama malamai; kashi 20% sun zama malamai; sauran likitoci ne, lauyoyi ko editoci. Sun sami matsakaicin dukiya kimanin dala 15,000. Mutane da yawa sun ba da tallafin tunani da na tsari don ayyukan farar hula, musamman ayyukan kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a matakin gida.<ref>cite book |editor-first=W.E. Burghardt |editor-last=Du Bois |editor2=Augustus Granville Dill |title=The College-bred Negro America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9G5DAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA99|year=1910|pages= 29, 45, 66–70, 73, 75–81, 99</ref> Duk da cewa kwalejoji da makarantun gabaɗaya suna karɓar maza da mata, masana tarihi har zuwa kwanan nan sun yi watsi da rawar mata a matsayin ɗalibai da malamai.<ref>Gasman, Marybethn, "Swept under the rug? A historiography of gender and Black colleges." ''American Educational Research Journal'' 44#4 (2007): 760–805. online</ref> ===Tallafi da agaji=== Tallafin ilimi ga bakar fata a Kudancin Amurka ya fito daga tushe daban-daban. Daga 1860 zuwa 1910, ƙungiyoyin addini da masu bayar da agaji sun ba da kimanin dala miliyan 55. Bakar fata da kansu ta hanyar majami'unsu, sun ba da sama da dala miliyan 22. Jihohin Kudancin Amurka sun kashe kimanin dala miliyan 170 na haraji a makarantun bakar fata, kuma kimanin ninki shida na wannan adadi don makarantun fararen fata.<ref name="books.google.com">cite book|title=Negro Year Book: An Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro ....|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ysEyAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA180|year=1913|page=180</ref> Yawancin tallafin agaji daga masu arziki na Arewa sun mai da hankali kan ilimin bakar fata a Kudancin Amurka. Tallafin farko mafi girma ya fito daga Peabody Education Fund. Kuɗin George Peabody ya ba da shi, wanda asalin sa daga Massachusetts ne, wanda ya sami dukiya mai yawa a fannin kuɗi a Baltimore da London. Ya ba da dala miliyan 3.5 don "ƙarfafa ilimi, ɗabi'a, da ilimin masana'antu na yaran da ba su da galihu a Jihohin Kudancin Amurka."<ref name="books.google.com"/><ref>cite web|url=http://www.peabodyevents.library.jhu.edu/history.html |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |title=George Peabody Library History |access-date=2010-03-12 |quote=After the Civil War he funded the Peabody Education Fund which established public education in the South. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604172628/http://www.peabodyevents.library.jhu.edu/history.html |archive-date=2010-06-04 </ref> John F. Slater Fund for the Education of Freedmen an ƙirƙira shi a 1882 tare da dala miliyan 1.5 don "Haɓaka al'ummar da aka 'yanta bisa doka a jihohin Kudancin Amurka da zuriyarsu."<ref>cite book|title=Negro Year Book: An Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro ....|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ysEyAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA181|year=1913|page=181</ref> Bayan 1900, manyan kuɗaɗe sun fito daga General Education Board na Rockefeller, daga Andrew Carnegie da kuma Rosenwald Fund|Rosenwald Foundation.<ref>Anderson, Eric, and Alfred A. Moss (1999), ''Dangerous donations: Northern philanthropy and southern Black education, 1902–1930''.</ref> Zuwa 1900, yawan bakar fata a Amurka ya kai miliyan 8.8; yawanci suna zaune a yankunan karkara na Kudancin Amurka. Adadin yaran da suka kai shekarun makaranta ya kai miliyan 3; rabin su suna makaranta. Malamai 28,600 ne ke koyar da su, yawancin su bakar fata ne. Ilimi (ga fararen fata da bakar fata) an shirya shi ne don koyar da abubuwa uku (karatu, rubutu, da lissafi) ga yara ƙanana. Akwai makarantun sakandare 86 kawai ga bakar fata a duk faɗin Kudancin Amurka, da kuma 6 a Arewa. Waɗannan makarantu 92 suna da malamai maza 161, da malamai mata 111; sun koyar da ɗalibai 5200 a matakin sakandare. A 1900, bakar fata 646 ne kawai suka kammala karatun sakandare.<ref>cite book|title=Annual Report of the Hampton Negro Conference|author=Hampton Negro Conference|author-link=Hampton Negro Conference|editor1-last=Browne |editor1-first=Hugh |editor2-last=Kruse |editor2-first=Edwina |editor4-last=Moton |editor3-last=Walker |editor3-first=Thomas C. |editor4-first=Robert Russa |editor4-link=Robert Russa Moton |editor5-last=Wheelock |editor5-first=Frederick D. |publisher=Hampton Institute Press|location=Hampton, Virginia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUQ9AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA57|hdl=2027/chi.14025704?urlappend=%3Bseq=63|volume=5|year=1901|page=57 Alt URL</ref> ==Addini== Cocin bakar fata sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a harkar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Sune babbar ƙungiyar al'umma da bakar fata 'yan Republican suka shirya siyasar su.<ref>Hahn (2003), ''A Nation under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South, from Slavery to the Great Migration'', pp. 230–34.</ref><ref>Giggie, John M. (2007), ''After redemption: Jim Crow and the transformation of African American religion in the Delta, 1875–1915''. online</ref> Yawancin manyan cocin Baptist da Methodist na bakar fata sun sami 'yanci da sauri daga manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa ko na yanki masu fararen fata bayan 1865. Ikilisiyoyin Baptist bakar fata sun kafa ƙungiyoyin su da taronsu.<ref>Bailey, Kenneth (1977), "The Post–Civil War Racial Separations in Southern Protestantism," ''Church History'', 46#4, pp. 453–73. in JSTOR</ref> Malamansu sun zama manyan masu magana a siyasa ga ikilisiyoyinsu.<ref>Lincoln, C. Eric, and Lawrence H. Mamiya (1990), ''The Black Church in the African American Experience'' (Duke University Press).</ref> Matan bakar fata sun sami nasu sararin samaniya da ƙungiyoyin da cocin ke tallafawa, tun daga ƙungiyoyin waƙa zuwa ayyukan mishan, zuwa makarantun coci da makarantun Lahadi.<ref name="Righteous Discontent">Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks, ''Righteous Discontent: The Women's Movement in the Black Baptist Church, 1880–1920'' (1993).</ref> A San Francisco akwai cocin bakar fata uku a farkon shekarun 1860s. Duk sun nemi wakiltar bukatun al'ummar bakar fata, sun samar da jagorancin ruhaniya da al'adu, sun shirya taimako ga mabukata, kuma sun yi yaƙi da yunƙurin hana bakar fata haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>Montesano, Philipp M. (1973), "San Francisco Black Churches in the Early 1860s" ''California Historical Quarterly'', 52#2 pp. 145–152.</ref> Cocin bakar fata na San Francisco sun sami gagarumin goyon baya daga jam'iyyar Republican ta gida. A shekarun 1850s, jam'iyyar Democrat ce ke sarrafa jihar kuma ta kafa dokokin adawa da bakar fata. Ko da yake bautar bakar fata ba ta taɓa wanzu a California ba, dokokin sun kasance masu tsanani. Jam'iyyar Republican ta hau mulki a farkon shekarun 1860s, kuma ta ƙi warewa da wariyar launin fata na majalisa. Shugabannin Republican sun haɗa kai da masu fafutukar bakar fata don samun haƙƙin doka, musamman dangane da haƙƙin yin zaɓe, haƙƙin halartar makarantun gwamnati, daidaitaccen magani a cikin jigilar jama'a, da daidaitaccen damar shiga tsarin kotu.<ref>Chandler, Robert J. (1982), "Friends in Time of Need: Republicans and Black Civil Rights in California during the Civil War Era" ''Arizona & the West'', 24#4, pp. 319–340. in JSTOR</ref> Bakar Amurkawa, da zarar an 'yantar da su daga bauta, sun kasance masu himma sosai wajen kafa nasu coci, yawancin su Baptist ko Methodist, kuma suna ba wa malamansu rawar jagoranci na ɗabi'a da na siyasa. A cikin tsarin ware kai, kusan dukkanin bakar fata sun bar cocin fararen fata don haka 'yan tsirarun ikilisiyoyin da suka haɗa da kabilu sun rage (ban da wasu cocin Katolika a Louisiana). Manyan ƙungiyoyi huɗu sun yi gasa da juna a faɗin Kudancin Amurka don kafa sabbin cocin Methodist da suka haɗa da 'yan 'yanci. Su ne African Methodist Episcopal Church, wadda aka kafa a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, wadda aka kafa a Birnin New York; Christian Methodist Episcopal Church|Colored Methodist Episcopal Church (wanda cocin Methodist Episcopal Church, South na fararen fata ya ɗauki nauyi), da kuma cocin Methodist Episcopal Church (Methodist na arewacin fararen fata) mai wadataccen kuɗi.<ref>cite book|first=Daniel W. |last=Stowell|title=Rebuilding Zion : The Religious Reconstruction of the South, 1863-1877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQphbo640wAC&pg=PA84|year=1998|publisher=Oxford UP|pages=83–84|isbn=9780198026211</ref><ref>Walker, Clarence Earl (1982), ''A Rock in a Weary Land: The African Methodist Episcopal Church During the Civil War and Reconstruction''.</ref> Zuwa 1871, Methodist na Arewa suna da mambobin bakar fata 88,000 a Kudancin Amurka, kuma sun buɗe makarantu da yawa a gare su.<ref>Sweet, William W. (1914), "The Methodist Episcopal Church and Reconstruction," ''Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society'', 7#3 pp. 147–165. in JSTOR at p.</ref> Bakar fata a lokacin Reconstruction Era sun kasance a siyasance babban jigon Republican Party, kuma malamai sun taka muhimmiyar rawar siyasa. Malamansu sun fi iya magana a fili saboda ba su dogara da goyon bayan fararen fata ba, sabanin malamai, 'yan siyasa, 'yan kasuwa, da manoman haya.<ref>cite book|first=Donald Lee|last= Grant|title=The Way It Was in the South: The Black Experience in Georgia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpmjRm4cdswC&pg=PA264|year=1993|publisher=U. of Georgia Press|page=264|isbn=9780820323299</ref> Aiki bisa ka'idar da Charles H. Pearce, wani malamin AME a Florida ya bayyana: "Mutum a wannan Jihar ba zai iya yin cikakken aikinsa a matsayin malami ba sai dai idan ya kula da bukatun siyasa na mutanensa," an zaɓi malamai bakar fata sama da 100 a majalisun jihohi a lokacin Reconstruction. Wasu da dama sun yi aiki a Majalisa kuma ɗaya, Hiram Rhodes Revels|Hiram Revels, a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka.<ref>Foner, Eric (1988), ''Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution, 1863–1877'', p. 93.</ref> ===Methodists=== File:Henry McNeil Turner.jpg|thumb|180px|Bishop Henry McNeal Turner, shugaban AME a Georgia. Mafi tsari da kuma mafi himma a cikin cocin bakar fata shine cocin African Methodist Episcopal (AME). A Georgia, Bishop AME Henry McNeal Turner (1834–1915) ya zama babban mai magana don adalci da daidaito. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Fasto, marubuci, editan jarida, mai muhawara, ɗan siyasa, limamin Soja, kuma babban shugaban ƙungiyar Methodist na bakar fata a Georgia da Kudu maso Gabas. A 1863, lokacin Yaƙin Basasa, an naɗa Turner a matsayin bakar fata na farko limamin United States Colored Troops. Bayan haka, an naɗa shi a Freedmen's Bureau a Georgia. Ya zauna a Macon, Georgia, kuma an zaɓe shi a majalisar jihar a 1868 a lokacin Reconstruction. Ya kafa cocin AME da yawa a Georgia. A 1880, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Bishop na farko na kudancin cocin AME bayan gwagwarmaya mai tsanani a cikin ƙungiyar. Ya yaƙi dokokin Jim Crow.<ref>Angell, Stephen Ward (1992), ''Henry McNeal Turner and African-American Religion in the South''.</ref> Turner shine shugaban kishin ƙasa na bakar fata kuma ya inganta hijirar bakar fata zuwa Afirka. Ya yi imani da raba kabilu. Ya fara wata harkar koma-baya zuwa Afirka don goyon bayan yankin Amurkawa bakar fata a Laberiya.<ref>Redkey, Edwin S., "Bishop Turner's African Dream." ''Journal of American History'' 54#2 (1967): 271–290. in JSTOR</ref> Turner ya gina girman kai na bakar fata ta hanyar shelanta "Allah bakar fata ne."<ref>Johnson, Andre E. (2015), "God is a Negro: The (Rhetorical) Black Theology of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner." ''Black Theology'' 13.1 (2015): 29–40.</ref><ref>Johnson, Andre E. (2012), '' The Forgotten Prophet: Bishop Henry McNeal Turner and the African American Prophetic Tradition''.</ref> Akwai cocin Methodist na bakar fata na biyu, ƙaramin African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ). AMEZ ta kasance ƙarami fiye da AME saboda wasu malamanta ba su da ikon yin aure, kuma yawancin malamanta sun guje wa rawar siyasa. Kudin ta ya kasance mai rauni, kuma gabaɗaya jagorancin ta bai kai na AME ƙarfi ba. Duk da haka ita ce jagora a cikin dukkanin ƙungiyoyin Furotesta wajen naɗa mata da ba su manyan ayyuka.<ref>Brown, Jr., Canter, and Larry Eugene Rivers (2004), ''For a Great and Grand Purpose: The Beginnings of the AMEZ Church in Florida, 1864–1905''.</ref> Wani shugaba mai tasiri shine Bishop James Walker Hood (1831–1918) na North Carolina. Ba wai kawai ya ƙirƙira da haɓaka hanyar sadarwar sa ta cocin AMEZ a North Carolina ba, har ma ya kasance babban mai kula da dukkanin Kudancin Amurka na Prince Hall Freemasonry|Prince Hall Masonic Lodge, wata ƙungiya ce ta duniya wacce ke ƙarfafa ikon siyasa da tattalin arziki a cikin al'ummar bakar fata.<ref>Hackett, David G. (2000), "The Prince Hall Masons and the African American Church: The Labors of Grand Master and Bishop James Walker Hood, 1831–1918." ''Church History'', 69#4: 770–802. online</ref> Baya ga cocin bakar fata kawai, yawancin Methodist bakar fata suna da alaƙa da Cocin Methodist na Arewa. Wasu kuma suna da alaƙa da Christian Methodist Episcopal Church|Colored Methodist Episcopal Church CME; CME wani bangare ne na cocin Methodist na Kudancin Amurka na fararen fata.<ref>Sommerville, Raymond R., ''An Ex-colored Church: Social Activism in the CME Church, 1870–1970'' (Mercer University Press, 2004).</ref> Gabaɗaya, malamai bakar fata mafi himma a siyasa sun haɗa kai da AME.<ref>Foner (1988), ''Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution, 1863–1877'', pp. 282–83.</ref> ===Baptists=== Baptists bakar fata sun rabu da cocin fararen fata kuma sun kafa ayyuka masu zaman kansu a faɗin Kudancin Amurka,<ref>Brooks, Walter H. (1922), "The Evolution of the Negro Baptist Church", ''Journal of Negro History'' 7#1: 11–22. free in JSTOR</ref> suna kafa ƙungiyoyin jihohi da na yanki cikin sauri.<ref>cite book|first=Thomas S. |last=Kidd|author2=Barry Hankins|title=Baptists in America: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz21BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149|year=2015|pages=149–66|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-997753-6</ref> Ba kamar Methodist ba, waɗanda ke da tsarin matsayi wanda bishops ke jagoranta, cocin Baptist sun kasance masu zaman kansu da juna, ko da yake sun haɗa albarkatu don ayyukan mishan, musamman mishan a Afirka.<ref>Martin, Sandy Dwayne (1989), ''Black Baptists and African Missions: The Origins of a Movement, 1880–1915'' .</ref> Matan Baptist sun yi aiki tuƙuru don sassaƙa wani yanki mai zaman kansa a cikin ƙungiyar.<ref name="Righteous Discontent" /><ref>Hamilton, Shirley (2009), "African American Women Roles In The Baptist Church: Equality Within the National Baptist Convention, USA." (MA Thesis, Wake Forest University). online</ref> ===Cocin birane=== Yawancin bakar fata suna zaune a yankunan karkara inda ake yin ibadu a ƙananan gine-gine na ɗan lokaci. A birane, cocin bakar fata sun fi bayyane. Bayan ayyukan addini na yau da kullun, cocin birane suna da wasu ayyuka da yawa, kamar shirye-shiryen addu'a, ƙungiyoyin mishan, ƙungiyoyin mata, ƙungiyoyin matasa, laccoci na jama'a, da kide-kide. Farfadowa da aka shirya akai-akai sun gudana tsawon makonni suna kaiwa ga manyan jama'a masu godiya da surutu.<ref name="Howard N. Rabinowitz 1978 pp 208-213">Rabinowitz, Howard N. (1978), ''Race Relations in the Urban South: 1865–1890'', pp. 208-213.</ref> Ayyukan agaji sun yi yawa game da kulawa da marasa lafiya da mabukata. Manyan coci suna da tsarin shirin ilimi, ban da makarantun Lahadi, da ƙungiyoyin karatun Littafi Mai Tsarki. Sun gudanar da azuzuwan karatu don baiwa tsofaffin membobin damar karanta Littafi Mai Tsarki. Kwalejoji masu zaman kansu na bakar fata, kamar Fisk a Nashville, galibi suna farawa a ɗakin ƙasa na cocin. Cocin ya tallafa wa ƙananan kasuwancin da ke gwagwarmaya.<ref name="Howard N. Rabinowitz 1978 pp 208-213"/> Mafi mahimmanci shine rawar siyasa. Cocin sun karɓi bakuncin tarurrukan zanga-zanga, tarurruka, da tarurrukan jam'iyyar Republican. Fitattun shugabanni da malamai sun tattauna yarjejeniyoyin siyasa, kuma galibi suna takarar mukamai har zuwa lokacin da aka hana su zaɓe a shekarun 1890s. A shekarun 1880s, haramcin barasa ya kasance babban abin damuwa na siyasa wanda ya ba da damar haɗin gwiwa tare da fararen Furotesta masu ra'ayi ɗaya. A kowane hali, fasto shine babban mai yanke shawara. Albashinsa ya kasance daga dala 400 a shekara zuwa sama da dala 1500, da kuma gidaje – a lokacin da cents 50 a rana shine albashi mai kyau ga aikin jiki mara ƙwarewa.<ref name="Howard N. Rabinowitz 1978 pp 208-213"/> Ƙungiyar Methodist sun ƙara yin amfani da waɗanda suka kammala karatun kwaleji ko makarantar addini don malamansu, amma yawancin Baptist sun ji cewa ilimi abu ne mara kyau wanda ke rage tsananin addini da ƙwarewar magana da suke buƙata daga malamansu.<ref name="Howard N. Rabinowitz 1978 pp 208-213"/> Bayan 1910, yayin da bakar fata suka yi ƙaura zuwa manyan birane a Arewa da Kudancin Amurka, an sami tsarin wasu manyan cocin da yawa da dubban membobi da ma'aikata masu biyan kuɗi, waɗanda wani mai wa'azi mai tasiri ke jagoranta. A lokaci guda kuma akwai cocin "storefront" da yawa da ke da 'yan dozin membobi.<ref>cite book|first = Gunnar|last = Myrdal|title = An American Dilemma|url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226478|date = 1944|pages = 858–78|publisher = Harber & Brothers</ref> ===Fassarar tarihi na addini=== Kudancin Amurka masu tsananin addini sun ga hannun Allah a tarihi, wanda ya nuna fushinsa ga zunubansu, ko kuma ladansa ga wahalarsu. Malamin tarihi Wilson Fallin ya bincika wa'azin fararen fata da bakar fata malamai na Baptist bayan Yaƙin. Malamai fararen fata na Kudancin Amurka sun ce: <blockquote>Allah ya hori su kuma ya ba su wata manufa ta musamman – don kiyaye tsarin addini, tsantsar bin Littafi Mai Tsarki, tsoron Allah na sirri, da alaƙar launin fata na gargajiya. Bauta, sun nace, ba zunubi ba ce. Maimakon haka, 'yantarwa babbar bala'i ce ta tarihi kuma ƙarshen Reconstruction wata alama ce bayyananna ta yardar Allah.</blockquote> Sabanin haka, malamai bakar fata sun fassara Yaƙin Basasa kamar: <blockquote>Kyautar 'yanci ta Allah. Sun gode wa damammaki don amfani da 'yancinsu, don yin ibada a hanyarsu, don tabbatar da darajarsu da girman kansu, da kuma shelanta uban Allah da ɗan adam. Mafi mahimmanci, za su iya kafa nasu coci, ƙungiyoyi, da tarurruka. Waɗannan cibiyoyin sun ba da taimakon kai da haɓaka kabilanci, kuma sun samar da wurare inda za a iya shelanta bisharar 'yantarwa. Sakamakon haka, malamai bakar fata sun ci gaba da nace cewa Allah zai kare su kuma zai taimaka musu; Allah zai zama ginshiƙinsu a cikin ƙasa mai guguwa.<ref>Fallin Jr., Wilson (2007), ''Uplifting the People: Three Centuries of Black Baptists in Alabama'', pp. 52–53.</ref></blockquote> ==Rashin Inganci== Bayan 1880, yanayin doka ya tabarbare ga bakar fata, kuma kusan ba su da ikon yin tsayayya.<ref>Howard N. Rabinowitz, "From exclusion to segregation: Southern race relations, 1865–1890." ''Journal of American History'' 63#2 (1976): 325-350. in JSTOR</ref> Abokan haɗin gwiwa na Arewa a jam'iyyar Republican sun yi ƙoƙari a 1890 don dakatar da tabarbarewar yanayin doka ta hanyar dokokin majalisa, amma sun kasa.<ref>Richard E. Welch, "The Federal Elections Bill of 1890: Postscripts and Prelude." ''Journal of American History'' 52#3 (1965): 511-526. in JSTOR</ref> Kowace jihar kudu ta zartar da dokoki da ke buƙatar rarrabuwa a yawancin wuraren jama'a. Waɗannan sun ci gaba har zuwa 1964, lokacin da Majalisa ta soke su. An san su da Jim Crow laws.<ref>Jane Elizabeth Dailey, Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, and Bryant Simon, ''Jumpin'Jim Crow: Southern politics from civil war to civil rights'' (2000).</ref> Jihohin Kudancin Amurka a cikin lokacin 1890–1905 sun rage yawan bakar fata da aka ba izinin jefa kuri'a zuwa kimanin kashi 2% ta hanyar takunkumi da suka guje wa gyaran fuska na 15, saboda ba su ambaci launin fata a fili ba. Waɗannan takunkumi sun haɗa da buƙatun karatu, dokokin rajistar masu kaɗa kuri'a, da harajin zaɓe. Kotun Koli ta Amurka a 1896 ta yanke hukunci a madadin Jim Crow a shari'ar Plessy v. Ferguson|Plessy vs. Ferguson, tana bayyana cewa wuraren "daban amma daidai" ga bakar fata sun kasance bisa doka a ƙarƙashin gyaran fuska na 14.<ref>J. Morgan Kousser, "Plessy v. Ferguson." ''Dictionary of American History'' (2003) 6: 370-371. online Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315040040/http://authors.library.caltech.edu/41166/1/plessy%20v%20ferguson.pdf |date=2016-03-15 </ref> ===Dokokin Jim Crow da Rarrabuwa=== Galibi a cikin Black Codes (United States)|Black Codes a faɗin jihohi bakwai na ƙananan Kudancin Amurka a 1866 haɗin kai na aure ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba. Sabbin majalisun Republican a jihohi shida sun soke dokokin da ke takurawa. Bayan Democrats sun dawo kan mulki, an sake sanya takunkumin. Sai a 1967 ne Kotun Koli ta Amurka, a ''Loving v. Virginia'', ussc|388|1,efn|name=fn2 ta yanke hukunci cewa duk tanade-tanade kamar shi a jihohi 16 ba bisa tsarin mulki ba ne. Babban abin damuwa a shekarun 1860s shine yadda za a raba layi tsakanin bakar fata da fararen fata a cikin al'ummar da fararen maza da bakar mata bayi suka haifi yara da yawa. A gefe guda, sunan mutum, a matsayin bakar fata ko farar fata, galibi yana da mahimmanci. A gefe guda kuma, yawancin dokoki sun yi amfani da ma'aunin "digo ɗaya na jini" don tasirin cewa wani bakar fata na gado a bisa doka ya sanya mutum a cikin rukunin bakar fata.<ref>Peter Wallenstein, "Reconstruction, Segregation, and Miscegenation: Interracial Marriage and the Law in the Lower South, 1865–1900." ''American Nineteenth Century History'' 6#1 (2005): 57-76.</ref> Rarrabuwar launin fata ta doka an sanya ta ne kawai a makarantu, da aure, amma hakan ya canza a shekarun 1880s lokacin da sabbin dokokin Jim Crow suka ba da umarnin raba jiki na kabilu a wuraren jama'a.<ref>C. Vann Woodward, ''The strange career of Jim Crow'' (1955; 3rd ed. 1974) online</ref> Daga 1890 zuwa 1908, jihohin kudu sun hana Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era|mafi yawan masu jefa kuri'a bakar fata da kuma talakawa fararen fata ta hanyar sanya rajistar masu kaɗa kuri'a ta zama mai wahala ta hanyar Poll taxes in the United States|harajin zaɓe, literacy tests, da sauran na'urori masu sabani. Sun zartar da dokokin rarrabuwa kuma sun sanya bakar fata a matsayi na biyu a cikin tsarin da aka sani da Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow wanda ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci har zuwa civil rights movement.<ref>cite book|first = Howard|last = Sitkoff|title = The Struggle for Black Equality|edition =3rd |date= 2008|chapter = Up from Slavery|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_idGCdBFGC4C&pg=PT15|isbn = 9781429991919|publisher = Farrar, Straus and Giroux</ref> Ayyukan siyasa a madadin daidaito galibi suna mai da hankali kan batutuwan sufuri, kamar rarrabuwa a kan titin jiragen ƙasa da manyan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa.<ref>Roger A. Fischer, "A pioneer protest: the New Orleans street-car controversy of 1867." ''Journal of Negro History'' 53#3 (1968): 219-233. in JSTOR</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1850s, an shigar da ƙararraki game da rarrabuwar titin jiragen ƙasa da manyan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa a Arewacin Amurka|Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Wasu fitattun masu shigar da ƙara sun haɗa da Elizabeth Jennings Graham a New York,<ref>Volk, Kyle G. (2014). ''Moral Minorities and the Making of American Democracy''. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 148, 150-153, 155-159, 162-164. ISBN|019937192X.</ref> Charlotte L. Brown<ref>Elaine Elinson, San Francisco's own Rosa Parks, San Francisco Chronicle, January 16, 2012</ref> da Mary Ellen Pleasant a San Francisco,<ref>cite news | url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-A-day-for-mother-of-civil-2700412.php | title=A day for 'mother of civil rights' / Entrepreneur sued to desegregate streetcars in 1860s | work=San Francisco Chronicle | date=February 10, 2005 | access-date=28 June 2014 | author=Johnson, Jason B. | location=San Francisco</ref> Ida B. Wells|Ida B.Wells a Memphis, Tennessee <ref>Cite book|title=Crusade for Justice|last=Duster|first=Alfreda|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|year=1970|isbn=978-0-226-89344-0|location=Chicago|pages=xviii|url=https://archive.org/details/crusadeforjustic00well/page/</ref> da Robert Fox (activist)|Robert Fox a Louisville, Kentucky.<ref>Fleming, Maria, ''A Place at the Table: Struggles for Equality in America'', Oxford University Press, USA, 2001, p. 36</ref> ===Ta'addanci=== ===Kisa ba bisa ka'ida ba=== main|Kisa ba bisa ka'ida ba a Amurka Hare-haren ƴan daba masu kisa ba bisa ka'ida ba kan bakar fata, musamman a Kudancin Amurka, sun ƙaru a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Masu aikata laifin ba a taɓa kama su ko hukunta su ba. Kusan bakar fata 3,500 da fararen fata 1,300 an kashe su ba bisa ka'ida ba a Amurka, galibi daga 1882 zuwa 1901. Shekarar da aka fi yin haka ita ce 1892.<ref>see cite web |url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/shipp/lynchingsstate.html|title=Lynchings{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: By State and Race, 1882-1968 |access-date=July 26, 2010 |quote=Statistics provided by the Archives at Tuskegee Institute. |publisher=University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629081241/ |archive-date=2010-06-29 |url-status=dead }; also http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/shipp/lynchingyear.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513093823/http://law2.umkc.edu/Faculty/projects/ftrials/shipp/lynchingyear.html |date=2025-05-13 }} Lynchings by year</ref> Yawan kisan gilla da abubuwan da suka haifar da su sun bambanta daga jihar zuwa jihar dangane da alaƙar launin fata na gida. Kisan gilla ya fi yawa a cikin yanayin tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ga talakawa fararen fata a gundumomi masu yawan bakar fata, musamman ƙarancin farashin auduga a shekarun 1890s.<ref>cite book|first = W. Fitzhugh|last = Brundage|title = Lynching in the new South|date = 1993|pages = 103–190|url = https://archive.org/details/lynchinginnewsou0000brun |url-access = registration|publisher = University of Illinois Press|isbn = 9780252063459</ref><ref>Elwood M. Beck and Stewart E. Tolnay. "The killing fields of the deep south: the market for cotton and the lynching of blacks, 1882–1930." ''American Sociological Review'' (1990): 526-539. online</ref> Ida B. Wells (1862–1931) ta yi amfani da jaridarta a Memphis Tennessee don kai hari kan kisan gilla; saboda tsoron rayuwarta, ta gudu zuwa yankunan Chicago masu zaman lafiya a 1892 inda ta ci gaba da gwagwarmayarta ta mutum ɗaya.<ref>Jacqueline Jones Royster, ed., ''Southern horrors and other writings: The anti-lynching campaign of Ida B. Wells, 1892–1900'' (1997), with primary and secondary documents.</ref> Ƙungiyar ƙasa da ke adawa da kisan gilla ta fara ne da kafa NAACP|National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) a 1909. An yi kisan gilla 82 a 1909, da kuma 10 a 1929.<ref>Robert L. Zangrando, ''The NAACP crusade against lynching, 1909–1950'' (1980).</ref> ===Hotunan jama'a=== A cikin manyan kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa da na gida a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, "bakar fata an ci gaba da nuna su a matsayin masu aikata laifuka, ƴan ta'adda, ko kuma masu ban dariya. Sun kasance masu camfi, masu kasala, masu tashin hankali, marasa ɗabi'a, abin dariya, da kuma tushen haɗari ga rayuwar wayewa."<ref>Eric Foner, "Introduction," to Rayford W. Logan ''The Betrayal of the Negro, from Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson'' (1997). p. xiv online. Foner's 1997 introduction is paraphrasing the 1965 2nd edition of Logan's book.</ref> Booker T. Washington, matashin shugaban kwaleji daga Alabama, ya shahara saboda ƙalubalensa na sarƙaƙƙiya ga mummunan ra'ayi. A cewar mai tarihin rayuwarsa Robert J. Norrell, Washington: :ya ƙalubalanci matsayin tunani na fararen fata na Kudancin Amurka a fannoni da dama. Jaddada ci gaban bakar fata ya saba wa nacewar fararen fata masu fifiko kan lalacewar bakar fata da laifuka. Bayyanar da ƙauna da biyayya ga fararen fata na Kudancin Amurka ya saɓa wa imanin fararen fata cewa dukkanin bakar fata abokan gaba ne na kabilanci. A lokaci guda, Washington ya nuna wa fararen fata na Arewa cewa shi da sauran bakar fata 'yan Amurka ne masu aminci, masu kishin ƙasa, masu cancanta da kuma magada na fassarar Lincoln na ƙimar dimokuraɗiyya....Bakar Amurkawa sun karɓi yanayin gasa na al'ummar Amurka kuma suna son damar da za su iya tabbatar da kansu.<ref>cite book|first=Robert J. |last=Norrel|title=The House I Live In : Race in the American Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNiYbpqfqScC&pg=PA50|year=2005|publisher=Oxford UP|page=50|isbn=9780198023777</ref> ==Jagoranci== Yawancin jagorancin siyasar bakar fata a wannan yanki sun fito ne daga ma'aikatar addini, da kuma tsoffin sojojin yakin basasa na Union. Jagorancin siyasar fararen fata ya kunshi tsoffin sojoji da lauyoyi. Matasan bakar fata masu buri sun fuskanci wahala wajen zama lauyoyi, tare da ƴan kaɗan banda James T. Rapier, Aaron Alpeoria Bradley da John Mercer Langston. Manyan masu arziki a cikin al'ummar bakar fata sun kasance galibi 'yan mulatto kuma sun kasance 'yantattu kafin yakin. A lokacin Reconstruction, 19 daga cikin bakar fata 22 membobin Majalisa sun kasance 'yan mulatto. Waɗannan bakar fata masu wadata, masu gauraye-gauraye sun wakilci yawancin shugabannin yakin neman haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙarni na 20 ma.<ref>Ronald W. Walters and Robert C. Smith, ''African American Leadership'' (1999) p 13.</ref> Hahn ya ruwaito cewa mulatto sun riƙe iko fiye da kima a cikin al'ummar siyasar bakar fata a South Carolina da Louisiana.<ref>cite book|last=Hahn|first = Steven|title= A Nation Under Our Feet|date= 2003|page= 261|publisher = Harvard University Press|isbn = 9780674011694</ref> Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin shugabannin, sun kasance masu duhun fata kuma tsoffin bayi ne.<ref>Howard N. Rabinowitz, ''Race, Ethnicity, and Urbanization: Selected Essays'' (1994), p. 183</ref> ===Anna J. Cooper=== A shekara ta 1892, Anna J. Cooper (1858–1964) ta buga ''A Voice from the South: By A Woman from the South''. Hakan ya haifar da jawabai da yawa inda ta yi kira ga haƙƙin ɗan adam da haƙƙin mata.<ref name=Washington>cite book|last=Washington|first=Mary Helen|title=A Voice from the South: Introduction|year=1988|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-506323-3|pages=xxvii–liv</ref> ''A Voice from the South'' na ɗaya daga cikin jawabai na farko na Black feminism. Littafin ya gabatar da hangen nesa na cin gashin kai ta hanyar ilimi da ci gaban zamantakewa ga matan Afirka-Amurka. Babban muhawararta ita ce cewa ci gaban ilimi, ɗabi'a, da ruhaniya na matan bakar fata zai inganta matsayin gabaɗaya na dukkanin al'ummar Afirka-Amurka. Ta ce halayen maza na tashin hankali galibi suna cin karo da manufofin manyan makarantu, don haka yana da mahimmanci a haɓaka ƙwararrun mata da yawa saboda za su kawo ƙarin kyau ga ilimi.<ref name=Ritchie>cite book|last1=Ritchie|first1=Joy|title=Available Means: An Anthology of Women's Rhetoric(s)|year=2001|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press|location=Pittsburgh, PA|isbn=978-0-8229-5753-9|pages=163–164|last2=Ronald|first2=Kate</ref> Wasu sun soki wannan ra'ayin a matsayin mai biyayya ga Cult of Domesticity|tsarin mata na gaskiya na ƙarni na 19, amma wasu sun kira shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman muhawara ga mata bakar fata a ƙarni na 19.<ref name=Ritchie /> Cooper ta gabatar da ra'ayin cewa wajibi ne ga matan bakar fata masu ilimi da masu nasara su tallafa wa takwarorinsu marasa galihu don cimma burinsu. Kasidu a cikin ''A Voice from the South'' sun kuma taɓa batutuwa daban-daban, daga wariyar launin fata da yanayin tattalin arziki na iyalai bakar fata zuwa gudanar da Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church. file:Frederick Douglass (circa 1879).jpg|thumb|Frederick Douglass, (1818–1895)]] ===Frederick Douglass=== Frederick Douglass (1818–1895), bawa da ya tsere, ya kasance mai ƙwazo Abolitionism in the United States|mai adawa da bauta kafin yakin. Ya kasance marubuci, mawallafi, mai lacca, da jami'in diflomasiyya bayan haka. Mai tarihin rayuwarsa ya bayar da hujja: :Mafi tasirin Ba-Amurke na ƙarni na goma sha tara, Douglass ya yi aiki na tada hankalin Amurkawa. Ya yi magana kuma ya rubuta a madadin dalilai daban-daban na gyare-gyare: haƙƙin mata, tsafta, zaman lafiya, gyaran filaye, ilimi kyauta ga jama'a, da soke hukuncin kisa. Amma ya ba da yawancin lokacinsa, gwaninta mai girma, da kuzari mara iyaka don kawo ƙarshen bauta da samun daidaitattun haƙƙoƙi ga Ba-Amurkawa. Waɗannan su ne manyan damuwar dogon aikinsa na gyare-gyare. Douglass ya fahimci cewa gwagwarmaya don 'yantarwa da daidaito tana buƙatar ƙwazo, dagewa, da rashin yarda. Kuma ya gane cewa Ba-Amurkawa dole ne su taka rawa a fili a cikin wannan gwagwarmaya. Kasa da wata ɗaya kafin mutuwarsa, lokacin da wani matashi Ba-Amurke ya nemi shawararsa ga wani Ba-Amurke da ke fara rayuwa a duniya, Douglass ya amsa ba tare da jinkiri ba: "Tada hankali! Tada hankali! Tada hankali!<ref>Roy E. Finkenbine. "Douglass, Frederick"; ''American National Biography Online'' 2000. Accessed March 16, 2016</ref> ===Fitattun Mutane=== * Norris Wright Cuney (1846–1898), Galveston, Texas mai shirya ƙungiyar ƙwadago da shugaban Republican Party of Texas. * Timothy Thomas Fortune (1856–1928), ɗan jarida, mawallafi, kuma wanda ya kafa National Afro-American League * John Mercer Langston (1829–1897), Attorneys in the United States|lauyan Virginia, wakilin Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, kuma shugaban Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute (yanzu Virginia State University). * Isaac Myers (1835–1891), ɗan ƙungiyar ƙwadago, wanda ya kafa Colored National Labor Union * Robert Smalls (1839–1915), gwarzon sojan Union a yakin basasa, wakilin Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga South Carolina da kuma wanda ya kafa South Carolina Republican Party|Jam'iyyar Republican ta South Carolina. * Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin (1842–1924) edita, mai shirya, mai kare haƙƙin mata, kuma wanda ya kafa Woman's Era, jaridar farko ta mata bakar fata kuma don su. * Sojourner Truth (1797–1883), mai magana da mai fafutuka * Booker T. Washington (1856–1915), malami, marubuci, kuma shugaban farko na Tuskegee University|Tuskegee Institute. * Ida B. Wells (1862–1931), ɗan jarida, editan jarida, kuma mai fafutuka <!-- end list --> ==Lokaci-lokaci== *1863 - Sanarwar ‘yancin bayi ta ‘yantar da miliyan uku daga cikin bayi miliyan hudu, 1863–65. *1863 - Daniel Payne ya zama bakar fata na farko da ya zama shugaban kwaleji, a Wilberforce University dake Ohio, lokacin da ta shiga hannun cocin African Methodist Episcopal. *1865 - Majalisar Dokoki ta kafa Hukumar Freedman's Bureau. *1865 - Gyara na goma sha uku na kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka ya haramta bautar da mutum a sauran jihohin iyaka da ke amfani da bayi. *1865 - Shaw Institute an kafa ta a Raleigh, North Carolina, ta zama tarihi a matsayin jami’ar farko ta bakar fata a Kudu. *1865 - Kowacce jiha a Kudu ta gabatar da Dokokin Bakar fata (Black Codes) da suka takura wa 'yan Freedmen da aka ‘yantar amma ba a ba su cikakken 'yancin zama 'yan ƙasa ba; Freedman's Bureau ya dakile aiwatar da wadannan dokokin. *1865 - Kungiyar American Missionary Association ta kafa jami’ar Atlanta University. *1866 - An zartar da Dokar 'Yancin Ƙasa ta 1866, wadda ta tabbatar da cewa duk wanda aka haifa a Amurka 'dan ƙasa ne. *1866 - Ƙungiyar Ku Klux Klan ta fara aiki a Pulaski, Tennessee, kungiyar da ke kunshe da tsoffin sojojin Confederate da ke neman tabbatar da fifikon fararen fata. *1866 - An kafa rundunar sojin Amurka na Buffalo Soldiers (bakar fata). *1866 - Sojojin bakar fata da suka dawo daga yakin basasa sun kafa Lincoln Institute, wadda daga baya aka canza sunanta zuwa Lincoln University. *1867 - An kafa jami'ar Howard University a birnin Washington, D.C. da tallafin gwamnatin tarayya. *1868 - Gyara na goma sha huɗu na kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka; ya tabbatar da 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasa da buƙatar gwamnoni su bi daidaitaccen tsarin shari’a da kariya daidai ga kowa. *1870 - Gyara na goma sha biyar ya haramta takura wa mutum yin zaɓe bisa la’akari da launin fata, launin jiki, ko matsayin bauta da ya fito daga gare ta. *1870 - Hiram Rhodes Revels ya zama bakar fata na farko a Majalisar Dattawa; Joseph Rainey ya zama bakar fata na farko a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka. *1870 - ‘Yan sandan bakar fata Wyatt Outlaw daga Graham, North Carolina an rataye shi ta hannun Ku Klux Klan. *1871 - Dokar Klan Act ta 1871, wato Civil Rights Act of 1871, ta zama doka a Amurka. *1872 - P.B.S. Pinchback ya zama Gwamnan farko bakar fata a wata jiha ta Amurka. *1873 - A shari’ar Slaughterhouse Cases, kotun koli ta Amurka ta yanke hukunci cewa dokokin jihohi ba su shafi gyara na 14 ba. *1873 - Kisan gillar Colfax da Coushatta: kashe-kashen 'yan jam’iyyar Republican fararen fata da bakar fata a Louisiana. *1874 - An kafa kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda masu goyon bayan jam’iyyar Democrat kamar White League a Louisiana da Red Shirts a Mississippi, North da South Carolina. Suna tsoratar da bakar fata da jam’iyyar Republican, suna hana su shiga siyasa da zaɓe. *1875 - Dokar ‘Yancin Ƙasa ta 1875 ta zama doka. *1876 - Harin Hamburg ya faru yayin da mutane suka tasar wa bakar fata da ke bikin ranar 'yancin kai ta Amurka; shugaban 'yan sanda bakar fata James Cook da wasu mutum biyar aka kashe. *1877 - Tare da yarjejeniyar Compromise of 1877, an janye dakarun gwamnatin tarayya daga Kudu, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen gyaran gini na Kudu (Reconstruction). *1879 - Hijirar 1879 (Exodus of 1879), dubban bakar fata sun bar Kudu zuwa Kansas. *1880 - A hukuncin shari’ar Strauder v. West Virginia, Kotun Koli ta yanke cewa ba za a hana bakar fata shiga cikin juri (alƙalai) ba. *1880s - Rarrabuwar jama'a a wajen sufuri. Tennessee ta fara raba motocin jirgin ƙasa, sai Florida (1887), Mississippi (1888), Texas (1889), Louisiana (1890), Alabama, Kentucky, Arkansas da Georgia (1891), South Carolina (1898), North Carolina (1899), Virginia (1900), Maryland (1904), da Oklahoma (1907). *1881 - Booker T. Washington ya kafa makarantar Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (HBCU) a Tuskegee, Alabama. *1883 - Kotun Koli ta soke Dokar 'Yancin Ƙasa ta 1875, tana cewa gyara na 14 yana hana jihohi ne, ba 'yan ƙasa ba, nuna wariya. *1885 - Hadakar jam’iyyu masu launin fata da farare ta samu mulki a Virginia, na ɗan lokaci. *1885 - Samuel David Ferguson, bakar fata, an naɗa shi bishop a cocin Episcopal. *1886 - Norris Wright Cuney ya zama shugaban jam’iyyar Republican na Texas, matsayin da ya fi ƙarfi da wani bakar fata ya taɓa samu a Kudu a ƙarni na 19. *1890 - Jihar Mississippi ta fitar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki da ya hana yawancin bakar fata yin zaɓe ta hanyar harajin zaɓe, zama da kuma gwajin karatu. *1892 - Ida B. Wells ta wallafa takardar Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. *1893 - Ida B. Wells, Frederick Douglass, Irvine Garland Penn, da Ferdinand Lee Barnett sun wallafa "The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not At the World's Columbian Exposition" don nuna ƙin amincewa da cire bakar fata daga bikin nuni na duniya a Chicago. *1895 - Booker T. Washington ya gabatar da jawabin Atlanta Compromise a wajen Cotton States and International Exposition a Atlanta, Georgia. *1895 - W. E. B. Du Bois ya zama bakar fata na farko da ya sami digirin digirgir (Ph.D) daga Jami’ar Harvard. *1896 - Wright Cuney ya rasa mukaminsa a matsayin shugaban jam’iyyar Republican ta Texas. *1896 - A shari’ar Plessy v. Ferguson, kotun koli ta goyi bayan raba jama’a bisa launin fata, bisa tsarin “bambanci amma daidai” a wuraren jama’a. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Bayanin ƙasa== {{notelist|refs= {{efn|name=fn1|{{caselaw source | case=''Plessy v. Ferguson'', {{ussc|163|537|1896|el=no}} | cornell =https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/163/537 | courtlistener =https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/94508/plessy-v-ferguson/ | findlaw = https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/163/537.html | googlescholar = https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=16038751515555215717 | justia =https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/163/537/ | loc =http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep163/usrep163537/usrep163537.pdf }}}} {{efn|name=fn2|{{caselaw source | case=''Loving v. Virginia'', {{ussc|388|1|1967|el=no}} | cornell =https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/388/1 | courtlistener =https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/107480/loving-v-virginia/ | findlaw=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/388/1.html | googlescholar = https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5103666188878568597 | justia=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/388/1/case.html | loc =http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep388/usrep388001/usrep388001.pdf | openjurist =https://openjurist.org/388/us/1 | oyez =https://www.oyez.org/cases/1966/395 }}}} {{efn|name=fn3|{{caselaw source | case = ''Strauder v. West Virginia'', {{ussc|100|303|1880|el=no}} | courtlistener =https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/90039/strauder-v-west-virginia/ | googlescholar = https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=10979220518323133653 | justia =https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/100/303/ | openjurist =https://openjurist.org/100/us/303 | loc =http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep100/usrep100303/usrep100303.pdf }}}} }} ==Ƙarin Karatu== further| Bibliography of the Reconstruction Era * Brown, Nikki L.M., and Barry M. Stentiford, eds. ''The Jim Crow Encyclopedia'' (Greenwood, 2008) * Carle, Susan D. ''Defining the Struggle: National Racial Justice Organizing, 1880–1915'' (Oxford UP, 2013). 404pp. * Davis, Hugh. ''"We will be satisfied with nothing less": the African American struggle for equal rights in the North during Reconstruction.'' (2011). * Finkelman, Paul, ed. ''Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619-1895'' (3 vol. 2006) labarai 700 daga masana * cite book | author=Foner, Eric | title=Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution | publisher=Harper and Row|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7PtAwAAQBAJ|year=1988| isbn=9780062383235 * Foner, Eric. "Rights and the Constitution in Black Life during the Civil War and Reconstruction". ''Journal of American History'' 74.3 (1987): 863–883. online * Frankel, Noralee. ''Break Those Chains at Last: African Americans 1860–1880'' (1996). excerpt; ga ɗaliban makarantar sakandare * Hahn, Steven. ''A nation under our feet'': Black political struggles in the rural South, from slavery to the great migration'' (2003); Pulitzer Prize; excerpt; online review * Jenkins, Jeffery A., Justin Peck, and Vesla M. Weaver. "Between Reconstructions: Congressional Action on Civil Rights, 1891–1940." ''Studies in American Political Development'' 24#1 (2010): 57–89. online Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234116/http://faculty.virginia.edu/jajenkins/Jenkins-Peck-Weaver.pdf |date=2016-03-03 * Logan, Rayford. ''The Betrayal of the Negro from Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson'' (2nd ed. 1965). * Lowery, Charles D. ''Encyclopedia of African-American civil rights: from emancipation to the present'' (Greenwood, 1992). online * Raffel, Jeffrey. ''Historical dictionary of school segregation and desegregation: The American experience'' (Bloomsbury, 1998) online * Strickland, Arvarh E., and Robert E. Weems, eds. ''The African American Experience: An Historiographical and Bibliographical Guide'' (Greenwood, 2001). 442pp; babi 17 masu taken ta masana. * Swinney, Everette. "Enforcing the Fifteenth Amendment, 1870–1877." ''Journal of Southern History'' 28#2 (1962): 202–218. in JSTOR. * Woodward, C. Vann. ''Origins of the New South, 1877–1913'' (1951). ===Jagoranci=== * Chesson, Michael B. "Richmond's Black Councilman, 1871–96," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) pp 191–222. * Dray, Philip. ''Capitol men: the epic story of Reconstruction through the lives of the first Black congressmen'' (2010). * Foner, Eric. ''Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders during Reconstruction'' (1993). * cite book | title=Aristocrats of color: the Black elite, 1880-1920 | author=Gatewood, Willard B. | year=2000 | publisher=University of Arkansas Press | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CyQEzCEV9XkC| isbn=9781610750257 * Holt, Thomas. ''Black over white: Negro political leadership in South Carolina during Reconstruction'' (1979). * Holt, Thomas C. "Negro State Legislators in South Carolina during Reconstruction," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) pp 223–49. * Hume, Richard L. "Negro delegates to the state constitutional conventions of 1867–69," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) pp 129–54 * Hume, Richard L. and Jerry B. Gough. ''Black people, Carpetbaggers, and Scalawags: The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction'' (LSU Press, 2008); rarraba wakilai ta hanyar kididdiga. * Jenkins, Jeffery A., and Boris Heersink. "Republican Party Politics and the American South: From Reconstruction to Redemption, 1865–1880." (2016 paper t the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association); online. *Loewenberg, Bert James and Ruth Bogin. ''Black Women in Nineteenth-Century American Life: Their Words, Their Thoughts, Their Feelings'' (Pennsylvania State UP, 1976). * Meir, August. "Afterword: New Perspectives on the Nature of Black Political Leadership during Reconstruction." in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) ppe 393–406. * Pitre, Merline. ''Through Many Dangers, Toils, and Snares: The Black Leadership of Texas, 1868–1900'' Eakin Press, 1985. * Rabinowitz, Howard N., ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982), shafuna 422; babi 16 daga masana, kan shugabanni da manyan ƙungiyoyi. * Rankin, David C. "The origins of Negro leadership in New Orleans during Reconstruction," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) 155–90. * Smith, Jessie Carney, ed. ''Encyclopedia of African American Business'' (2 vol. Greenwood 2006). excerpt * Vincent, Charles. "Negro Leadership and Programs in the Louisiana Constitutional Convention of 1868." ''Louisiana History'' (1969): 339–351. in JSTOR * cite book | title=African American leadership |author1=Walters, Ronald W. |author2=Robert C. Smith| year=1999 | publisher=SUNY Press | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ejjSNIDNeXEC|isbn=9780791441459 ====Shugabanni Ɗai-ɗai==== * Anderson, Eric. "James O'Hara of North Carolina: Black Leadership and local government" in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) 101–128. * Euline W. Brock|Brock, Euline W. "Thomas W. Cardozo: Fallible Black Reconstruction Leader." ''Journal of Southern History'' 47.2 (1981): 183–206. in JSTOR * Grosz, Agnes Smith. "The Political Career of Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback." Louisiana Historical Quarterly 27 (1944): 527–612. * Harlan, Louis R. ''Booker T. Washington: The Making of a Black Leader, 1856–1901'' (1972). * Harris, William C. "Blanche K. Bruce of Mississippi: Conservative Assimilationist." in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982). 3-38. * Harris, William C. "James Lynch: Black Leader in Southern Reconstruction," ''Historian'' (1971) 34#1 pp 40–61, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6563.1971.tb00398.x * Haskins, James. ''Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback'' (1973). * Hine, William C. "Dr. Benjamin A. Boseman, Jr.: Charleston's Black Physician-Politician," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) pp 335–62. * Klingman, Peter D. "Race and Faction in the Public Career of Florida's Josiah T. Walls." in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982). 59–78. * Klingman, Peter D. ''Josiah Walls: Florida's Black Congressman of Reconstruction'' (1976). * Lamson, Peggy. ''The Glorious Failure: Black Congressman Robert Brown Elliott and the Reconstruction in South Carolina'' (1973). * McFeely, William S. ''Frederick Douglass'' (1995). * Moneyhon, Carl H. "George T. Ruby and the Politics of Expediency in Texas," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) pp 363–92. * Norrell, Robert J. "Booker T. Washington: Understanding the Wizard of Tuskegee," ''Journal of Black people in Higher Education'' 42 (2003–4) pp. 96–109 in JSTOR * Norrell, Robert J. ''Up from history: The life of Booker T. Washington'' (2009). * Reidy, Joseph P. "Karen A. Bradley: Voice of Black Labor in the Georgia Lowcountry," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) pp 281–309. * Richardson, Joe M. "Jonathan C. Gibbs: Florida's Only Negro Cabinet Member." ''Florida Historical Quarterly'' 42.4 (1964): 363–368. in JSTOR * Russell, James M. and Thornbery, Jerry. "William Finch of Atlanta: The Black Politician as Civic Leader," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982) pp 309–34. * Schweninger, Loren. "James Rapier of Alabama and the Noble Cause of Reconstruction," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. ''Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era'' (1982). 79–100. * Woody, Robert H. "Jonathan Jasper Wright, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of South Carolina, 1870–77." ''Journal of Negro History'' 18.2 (1933): 114–131. in JSTOR * cite book|title=The Republic for Which It Stands|title-link=The Republic for Which It Stands|last=White|first=Richard C.|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press ===Jinsi=== * Bond, Beverly G. "'Every Duty Incumbent Upon Them': African-American Women in Nineteenth Century Memphis." ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'' 59.4 (2000): 254. * Clinton, Catherine. "Bloody terrain: Freedwomen, sexuality and violence during reconstruction." ''Georgia Historical Quarterly'' 76.2 (1992): 313–332. in JSTOR * Edwards, Laura F. ''Gendered Strife and Confusion: The Political Culture of Reconstruction'' (1997). * Farmer-Kaiser, Mary. ''Freedwomen and the Freedmen's Bureau: Race, Gender, and Public Policy in the Age of Emancipation'' (Fordham Univ Press, 2010). online review * Frankel, Noralee. ''Freedom's women: Black women and families in Civil War era Mississippi'' (1999). * Hunter, Tera W. ''To 'Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women's Lives and Labors after the Civil War'' (Harvard University Press, 1997). * Oglesby, Catherine. "Gender and History of the Postbellum US South." ''History Compass'' 8.12 (2010): 1369–1379; tarihin rubuce-rubuce, galibi na fararen mata. * Olson, Lynne. ''Freedom's daughters: The unsung heroines of the civil rights movement from 1830 to 1970'' (2001). ===Nazarin Jihohi da Yankuna=== * Cresswell, Stephen. ''Multiparty Politics in Mississippi, 1877–1902'' (1995). * Davis, D. F., et al. "Before the Ghetto: Black Detroit in the Nineteenth Century." ''Urban History Review'' (1977) 6#1 pp. 99–106 in JSTOR * Doyle, Don H. ''New Men, New Cities, New South: Atlanta, Nashville, Charleston, Mobile, 1860–1910'' (1990) excerpt * Drago, Edmund L. ''Black Politicians and Reconstruction in Georgia: A Splendid Failure'' (1992) * Green, Hilary. ''Educational Reconstruction: African American Schools in the Urban South, 1865–1890'' (Fordham UP, 2016), Nazarin shari'o'i na Richmond, Virginia, da Mobile, Alabama. online review * Hornsby Jr., Alton, ed. ''Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia'' (2 vol 2011) excerpt * Hornsby Jr., Alton. ''A Short History of Black Atlanta, 1847–1993'' (2015). * Jenkins, Wilbert L. ''Seizing the New Day: African Americans in Post–Civil War Charleston.'' (2003). * Jewell, Joseph O. ''Race, social reform, and the making of a middle class: The American Missionary Association and Black Atlanta, 1870–1900'' (2007). * Rabinowitz, Howard N. ''Race Relations in the Urban South: 1865–1890'' (1978) * Wharton, Vernon Lane. ''The Negro in Mississippi: 1865–1890'' (1947) ===Tushen Farko=== * Foner, Philip, ed. ''The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass: Reconstruction and After'' (1955). * Smith, John David. ''We Ask Only for Even-handed Justice: Black Voices from Reconstruction, 1865–1877'' (2nd ed. 2014) * cite book|author=Work, Monroe N. |title=Negro Year Book and Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oc5HAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA13|year=1912, Bugu na farko a 1913. * cite book|author=Reid, Whitelaw|title=After the War: A Southern Tour.|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028782781|year=1866, cikakken bayani daga ɗan jarida na Yankee, tare da mai da hankali kan 'Yan 'Yanci. * cite journal|author=Richardson, Joe M. |title=The Negro in Post Civil-War Tennessee: A Report by a Northern Missionary.|journal= Journal of Negro Education|volume=34 |issue=4|year=1965|pages=419–424|doi=10.2307/2294093 |jstor=2294093 * Wells-Barnett, Ida B. ''Southern horrors and other writings: the anti-lynching campaign of Ida B. Wells, 1892–1900''. Ed. Jacqueline Jones Royster. Bedford Books, 1997. * cite book|editor=Winegarten, Ruthie |title=Black Texas Women: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-tSBBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|year=2014|publisher=University of Texas Press|pages=44–69|isbn=9780292785564 ==Mahaɗa== {{Commons}} * [https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aap/aaphome.html "African American Perspectives: Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection, 1818–1907"] Most are from 1875 to 1900. * [http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/43gds9bp9780252004100.html ''Booker T. Washington Papers, vol 1-3''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160315155135/http://192.203.127.197/archive/handle/123456789/834 "Booker T. Washington: The Man and the Myth Revisited." (2007) PowerPoint presentation By Dana Chandler] *[https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/civilrights/home.html Civil Rights Resource Guide, from the Library of Congress] *[https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/114 "The Long History of the African American Civil Rights Movement in Florida"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110203104/https://richesmi.cah.ucf.edu/omeka2/collections/show/114 |date=2016-01-10 }} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p4iglk4snw71figq1vi65mpbeqrgwcg 0 102691 890423 642163 2026-08-02T06:17:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakin Zand River,''' wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Yakin Sand River,''' wani kawance ne tsakanin sojojin Birtaniya a ƙarƙashin Lord Roberts wanda ya fuskanci wani matsayi na tsaro na Boer, wanda Louis Botha ya jagoranta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Allan |date=2020-05-11 |title=Battle of Sand River (Zand River) - 11 May 1900 |url=https://www.battletoursza.com/battle-of-sand-river-zand-river-11-may-1900/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Battle Tours ZA |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2026-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260608125610/https://www.battletoursza.com/battle-of-sand-river-zand-river-11-may-1900/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boers sun kafa wuraren tsaro a kogin, suna da nisan mil 20, don hana Birtaniyya ci gaba a Kroonstad da [[Pretoria]]. == Tarihi == Tun a watan Fabrairu 1900, Boers sun kasance a kan tsaro a cikin Orange Free State. Bayan yakin Paardeberg ya ga sojojin Piet Cronje sun miƙa wuya, Lord Roberts ya fara Machin a kan Bloemfontein. Tattakin ya ga Birtaniya sun koma yamma daga Kimberley, suna bin hanyar kogin Modder zuwa babban birnin ƙasar. A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, an kammala aikin, kuma Burtaniya ta mamaye [[Bloemfontein]]. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Conan Doyle |first=Arthur |date=September 1902 |title=The Great Boer War - Chapter 20 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Great_Boer_War/Chapter_20 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Wet |first=Christiaan |date=1902 |title=Three Years' War - Chapter 7 |url=https://www.angloboerwar.com/books/74-de-wet-three-years-war/1520-de-wet-chapter-vii-the-wild-flight-from-poplar-grove |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.angloboerwar.com}}</ref> Daga can, ya yanke shawarar share kudu maso gabas na Orange Free State, yana dakatar da ci gaba na makonni shida. Babban sojojin ya tsaya a Bloemfontein, tare da runduna ta 7 a Karee Siding, <ref name=":2"/> wani matsayi mai nisan mil 20 daga arewacin birnin. Dakarun da Ian Hamilton da John Faransa ke jagoranta sun yi farautar kwamandojin Boer a kudancin ƙasar, waɗanda suka kunshi galibin sojojin mulkin mallaka da na doki. Ta hanyar Maris, Afrilu, da farkon Mayu, Birtaniya sun share yankin na kwamandojin abokan gaba, wanda yawancin Christiaan de Wet ke jagoranta. A farkon watan Mayu, an kammala share yankin kudu maso gabas na Orange Free State, don haka Lord Roberts ya yanke shawarar tura sojojinsa zuwa arewa zuwa Pretoria. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Conan Doyle |first=Arthur |date=September 1902 |title=The Great Boer War - Chapter 23 |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Great_Boer_War/Chapter_23 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Wikisource |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Mayu, Ian Hamilton ya tashi daga Winburg, kuma Babban rundunar sojojin ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin Lord Roberts wanda ya ƙunshi 11th Division, 7th Division, Faransa na sojan doki, 6th Division, da 3rd Division, ya tashi daga Bloemfontein a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu zuwa Karee, sannan ya fara ƙaura zuwa arewa a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Churchill |first=Winston Spencer |title=Ian Hamilton's March - Chapter 10 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/41487/pg41487-images.html#the-army-of-the-right-flank |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Project Gutenberg |language=en}}</ref> == Yaƙi == Boers, da aka tilastawa daga Kudancin Free State, sun koma arewa don shiga cikin sauran kwamandojin, suna yin amfani da su a kogin Sand don hana Birtaniya ci gaba da ci gaba da layin dogo. A ranar 6 ga watan Mayu, Burtaniya ta ci gaba daga arewa daga Bloemfontein, kuma sun fara ci gaba a Transvaal. <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Wet |first=Christiaan |date=1902 |title=Three Years' War - Chapter 12 |url=https://www.angloboerwar.com/books/74-de-wet-three-years-war/1525-de-wet-chapter-xii-the-english-swarm-over-our-country |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=www.angloboerwar.com}}</ref> Kimanin kilomita 130 daga arewa da Bloemfontein, sun ci karo da wani wurin tsaro na Boer a kogin Sand (ko Zand). <ref>{{Cite web |title=WarMuseum.ca - South African War - Battle of Zand River |url=https://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/boer/battlezandriver_e.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.warmuseum.ca |language=en}}</ref> Boers dai sun tarwatsa gadar layin dogo, lamarin da ya tilastawa Birtaniya shiga kogin Sand. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Allan |date=2020-05-11 |title=Battle of Sand River (Zand River) - 11 May 1900 |url=https://www.battletoursza.com/battle-of-sand-river-zand-river-11-may-1900/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Battle Tours ZA |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2026-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260608125610/https://www.battletoursza.com/battle-of-sand-river-zand-river-11-may-1900/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boers sun wuce layin tsaron su, suna tafiya kusan mil 20.<ref>{{Citation |last=Army |first=The British |title=English: A description of all units, casualties, and battles of the Second Boer War |date=1903-05-05 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appendix_-_Boer_War_Units_and_Casualties.pdf |access-date=2024-08-29}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Arthur Conan |title=The Great Boer War/Chapter 25 - Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Great_Boer_War/Chapter_25 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}</ref> A safiyar ranar 10 ga watan Mayu, Burtaniya ta fara alkawari, kuma suka shirya tsallaka kogin Sand. Janar Faransa ya fara motsa sojan doki a gefen hagu, kuma ya shiga Boers. Sojojin dokinsa sun tura zuwa arewa, kuma sun fi kusa da Ventersburg Siding fiye da da. Janar Broadwood ya jagoranci sojojin dokinsa zuwa tsakiyar daidai hanyar jirgin ƙasa, kuma ya tsunduma cikin bayan Boer. Ya sanya shi kusa da Ventersburg fiye da Faransa. Sojojin sun fara tsallakawa a tsakiya, tare da Lord Roberts na gaba a tsakiya hagu, da Ian Hamilton yana ci gaba da ci gaba a dama. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Churchill |first=Winston Spencer |title=Ian Hamilton's March - Action of Sand River |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/41487/pg41487-images.html#ian-hamilton-s-action-at-the-sand-river-10th-of-may-1900 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Project Gutenberg |language=en}}</ref> Runduna ta Bakwai ta haye kogin, sai Boers suka buɗe wuta yayin da suke yin haka. Da zarar Ketare ta Bakwai, rundunar Sussex ta afkawa wani muhimmin kopje tare da rauni kaɗan. <ref name=":0"/> Sojojin Biritaniya da na bindigu sun yi ta harbin kan mai uwa da wabi, da tsakar rana kuma, sun karɓe ramukan. Sojoji sun yi ƙoƙari su nufi Ventersburg Siding, duk da haka sun yi gudu a kan matsayi mai karfi na Boer, kuma an kori su ko da bayan dakarun Faransa sun isa. <ref name=":1"/> Daga nan ne Boers suka yi yunkurin kai hari daga gefen dama na baya, duk da haka sojojin da ke hawa suka fatattake su. Da maraice, Boers sun koma arewa, kuma Birtaniya sun ci gaba da ci gaba a ranar 11 ga watan Mayu. === Ƙungiyoyin Biritaniya suna nan === <ref name=":0"/> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Sashi na 11 - Reginald Pole-Carew |- | '''Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwararru''' | '''Raka'a masu hawa''' |- | Coldstream Guards | Masu Tsaron Rayuwa |- | Grenadier Guards | |- | Warwickshire Reg. | |- | Essex Reg . | |- | Welch Reg . | |- | Yorkshire Reg . | |- ! colspan="2" | Division 7 - Charles Tucker |- | '''Rundunar Sojojin Bataliyoyin''' | '''Raka'a masu hawa''' |- | Norfolk Reg. | Ceylon Dutsen Infantry |- | Lincolnshire Reg . | |- | Hampshire Reg . | |- | Iyakokin Scotland | |- | North Staffordshire Reg. | |- | Cheshire Reg. | |- | Gabashin Lancashire Reg. | |- | Yankin Kudancin Wales | |- ! colspan="2" | '''Bruce Hamilton 's Brigade''' |- | '''Rundunar Sojojin Bataliyoyin''' | '''Raka'a masu hawa''' |- | Derbyshire Reg. | |- | Sussex Reg. | |- | Cameron Highlanders | |- | CIV | |- ! colspan="2" | '''Ian Hamilton 's Brigade''' |- | '''Rundunar Sojojin Bataliyoyin''' | '''Raka'a masu hawa''' |- | Gordon Highlanders | |- | Rundunar Sojojin Kanada | |- | Shropshire LI Reg. | |- | Cornwall Reg. | |} == Bayan haka == Bayan yakin, Boers sun ja da baya- == Taswirorin Yakin == <gallery widths="200" heights="200"> Fayil:Battle_of_Zand_River_(Full_Crossing).jpg|alt=Full map of the crossing and battle| Cikakken taswirar tsallakewa da yaƙi Fayil:Battle_of_Zand_RIver_Map.jpg|alt=Ian Hamilton and General Broadwood's operations at Zand River| Ayyukan Ian Hamilton da Janar Broadwood a Kogin Zand </gallery> == Manazarta == t7to8nyzyq3hxtadzshhaoryb21qos7 0 102942 890422 654134 2026-08-02T06:16:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890422 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaƙin Iran da Isra'ila''' wani rikici ne da ke gudana tsakanin [[Iran]] da [[Isra'ila]], wanda kungiyar Houthi a Yemen da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ke goyon bayansa, wanda ya fara a ranar 13 ga watan Yunin 2025 lokacin da Isra'ila ta kaddamar da jerin hare-hare na ba-zata kan muhimman sojojin Iran da cibiyoyin nukiliyar Iran ɗin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Michael |date=13 June 2025 |title=In Twist, U.S. Diplomacy Served as Cover for Israeli Surprise Attack |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/in-twist-u-s-diplomacy-served-as-cover-for-israeli-surprise-attack-c79b2206 |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=What we know as Israel-Iran conflict intensifies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdj9vj8glg2o |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Cikin sa'o'i da fara yaƙin, sojojin Isra'ila sun kashe wasu daga cikin manyan shugabannin sojojin Iran, masana kimiyyar nukiliya, da ƴan siyasa, tare da lalata ko lalata kariya ta sararin samaniya ta Iran da wasu makamanta na nukiliya da na soji. Nan take Iran ta mayar da martani da harba makamai masu linzami kan wuraren da sojoji da garuruwan Isra'ila.<ref name="ISWJun15Morning">{{Cite web |last=Campa |first=Kelly |last2=Morrison |first2=Nidal |last3=Reddy |first3=Ria |last4=Ganzeveld |first4=Annika |date=15 June 2025 |title=Iran Update Special Report, June 15, 2025, Morning Edition |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-special-report-june-15-2025-morning-edition |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=Critical Threats Project |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of War]]}}</ref> Har ila yau Houthis da ke kawance da Iran sun harba makamai masu linzami da dama kan Isra'ila, <ref name="ballisticmissile13june">{{Cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=Ballistic missile from Yemen triggers sirens in Jerusalem and West Bank |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/ballistic-missile-from-yemen-triggers-sirens-in-jerusalem-and-west-bank/ |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> a wani bangare na rikicin Tekun Bahar Maliya. A cikin kwanaki tara na farko na yaƙin, Amurka ta kaurace wa ayyukan soji ban da kare Isra'ila daga shigowar makamai masu linzami da jirage masu saukar ungulu na Iran, amma a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, ta dauki matakin kai hari ta hanyar kai hare-hare kan cibiyoyin nukiliyar Iran guda uku.<ref name="BBCLive20250621">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2025 |title=Trump says US has bombed Fordo nuclear plant in attack on Iran |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/ckg3rzj8emjt?post=asset%3Af6daf816-8c93-4d56-bec5-b35bb8e6bb5e#post |access-date=22 June 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Houthis sun ɗauki hare-haren na Amurka a matsayin "Sanar da fara yaƙi" kuma ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba ya kawo ƙarshen yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta tsakanin Amurka da Houthi a watan Mayun 2025 . Hare-haren na Isra'ila sun kashe da dama daga cikin shugabannin sojojin Iran, shugabannin [[dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci]] (IRGC), akalla 10 manyan masana kimiyyar nukiliya, da fiye da fararen hula 200 na Iran, a cewar ma'aikatar lafiya ta Iran da kuma masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama na gwamnati a cikin Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Iran. Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Iran ta ce sama da mata da kananan yara 70 ne aka kashe a hare-hare uku na farko da Isra'ila ta kai Iran. Hare-haren jiragen sama sun lalata Cibiyar Nukiliya ta Natanz da Cibiyar Juyawar Uranium ta Isfahan, amma da alama sun bar Kamfanin Haɓaka Man Fetur na Fordow ba tare da wata matsala ba. Har ila yau Isra'ila ta kai hari da wani ƙaton makami mai linzami kusa da Tabriz, da Kermanshah na ƙarƙashin ƙasa kasa da makami mai linzami, da kuma IRGC da ke kusa da Tehran da Piranshahr . Hare-haren sun kuma lalata ababen more rayuwa na jama'a. Tashin farko na ramuwar gayya na Iran ya haɗa da makamai masu linzami kusan 100 da jirage marasa matuka 100. Waɗannan hare-haren na ramuwar gayya kuma daga baya sun kashe Mutane da da dama. Rikicin dai ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya rincaɓe a tsawon shekaru da dama a tsakanin ƙasashen biyu, ciki har da rikicin wakili, a lokacin da Iran ta ƙalubalanci halaccin Isra'ila tare da yin kira da a mayarwa da Falasɗinawa ƙasar su da aka ƙwace, yayin da Isra'ila ta ɗauki shirin nukiliyar Iran a matsayin barazana a gare ta. A lokacin rikicin Gabas ta Tsakiya wanda ya biyo bayan harin 7 ga watan Oktoba a shekarar 2023 da kuma yakin Gaza da ya biyo baya, ƙiyayya ta kara ƙamari zuwa arangama kai tsaye tsakanin Iran da Isra'ila. Isra’ila dai ta raunana wasu ƙawayen Iran irin su [[Hamas]] da [[Hezbollah|Hizbullah]] inda ta fara shirin ɗaukar mataki kan Iran. Ƙasashen sun yi cinikin yajin aiki a watan Afrilu da Oktoba 2024 . Masana shari'a na ganin harin da Isra'ila ta kai a matsayin cin zarafin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, ra'ayin da [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=León |first=Lucas Pordeus |date=13 June 2025 |title=Brazil condemns Israel's attack on Iran: "Violation of sovereignty" |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/internacional/noticia/2025-06/brazil-condemns-israels-attack-iran-violation-sovereignty |website=Agência Brasil}}</ref> [[Sin|China]], [[Cuba]], [[Rasha]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] suka ɗauka da kuma keta haddin ita Iran ɗin, wannan yasa ake ganin yanzu ita Iran kare kanta take. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2025 |title=South Africa condemns Israeli attacks on Iran |url=https://telanganatoday.com/south-africa-condemns-israeli-attacks-on-iran |website=Telangana Today |agency=IANS}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2025 |title=Bolivia and Cuba strongly condemn Israeli aggression against Iran |url=https://en.ypagency.net/359591 |website=Yemen Press Agency}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Bolivia condena ataque de Israel contra Irán |url=https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2025/06/13/bolivia-condena-ataque-de-israel-contra-iran/ |website=prensa-latina.cu |language=es |access-date=23 June 2025 |archive-date=13 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613225427/https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2025/06/13/bolivia-condena-ataque-de-israel-contra-iran/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hare-haren farko da Isra'ila ta kai an yi Allah wadai da su daga ƙasashen [[Duniyar Musulunci|duniya na Musulunci]] da suka haɗa da [[Misra|Masar]] [[Jodan|Jordan]] [[Pakistan]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Pakistan Strongly Condemns Unjustified and Illegitimate Aggression by Israel Against the Islamic Republic of Iran |url=https://mofa.gov.pk/press-releases/pakistan-strongly-condemns-unjustified-and-illegitimate-aggression-by-israel-against-the-islamic-republic-of-iran |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref> [[Turkiyya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Turkey Condemns Israeli Air Strike on Iran: A Call for Diplomacy |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/law-order/3457742-turkey-condemns-israeli-air-strike-on-iran-a-call-for-diplomacy |website=Devdiscourse}}</ref> Hare-haren Isra'ila sun samu amincewar [[Jamus]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-22 |title=Ukraine says US, Israeli strikes on Iran are justified to stop nuclear threat |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/ukraine-says-us-israeli-strikes-on-iran-are-justified-to-stop-nuclear-threat/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US |agency=AFP}}</ref> da Amurka, waɗanda suka ce ya kamata Iran ta amince da yarjejeniyar nukiliya cikin gaggawa. Yawancin ƙasashen yammacin duniya sun yi Allah wadai da tashin hankalin, kuma sun yi kira ga Isra'ila da Iran da su sassauta, <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Spanish Government condemns military escalation in the Middle East after Israel's attacks against Iran |url=https://www.exteriores.gob.es/en/Comunicacion/Comunicados/Paginas/2025_COMUNICADOS/El-Gobierno-de-Espana-condena-la-escalada-militar-en-Oriente-Medio-tras-los-ataques-de-Israel-contra-Iran.aspx |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)|Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref> tare da [[Kanada]], [[Faransa]], da [[Birtaniya]] sun bayyana cewa Isra'ila na da ƴancin kare kanta duk da cewa suna sane da ita ta fara kai munanan hare-hare a cikin Iran, kuma duba da yadda ta ruguza Gazza da kisan kiyashin da take yi a Falasɗinu. Rasha ta ce Iran na da hakkin kare kanta. [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta nuna damuwa tare da yin kira da a daure a zauna lafiya, duk kuwa da cewa kowa yasan cewa Isra'ila itace da ummul-haba'isin wannan faɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2025 |title=Nations react to US strikes on Iran with many calling for diplomacy |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-attack-iran-israel-reaction-united-nations-c10cc46ec236816d958ced2497a11464 |access-date=22 June 2025 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9esup94qgnea6h5y7btfusxy0dnfe4n 0 104030 890132 728855 2026-08-01T13:22:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Teboho "Tsietsi" MacDonald Mashinini''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Janairu 1957 - 1990) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu kuma fitaccen shugaban ɗalibi a lokacin tashin hankali na Soweto. == Rayuwa == An haifi Teboho Tsietsi Mashinini da sunan dabba "Mcdonald" a shekarar 1957, a ranar 27 ga watan Janairu. Shi ne na biyu na yara 13 na Ramotibe (mahaifinsa) da Nomkhitha Virginia (mahaifiyarsa) Mashinini. Ya kasance ɗalibi mai haske, mashahuri kuma mai nasara a Makarantar Sakandare na Morris Isaacson<ref name=sowetan>{{cite news|last=Mecoamere|first=Victor|title=Naledi High turns 50|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2013/05/27/naledi-high-turns-50|accessdate=23 July 2013|newspaper=Sowetan Live|date=27 May 2013|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105101058/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2013/05/27/naledi-high-turns-50|url-status=dead}}</ref> a Soweto, inda ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar muhawara kuma shugaban Methodist Wesley Guild. Yunkurin da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi na mai da harshen [[Afrikaans|Afrikan]] ya zama yare na ilimi daidai wa daida ga ɗaukacin 'yan Afirka ta Kudu tare da tura turanci ya yi matukar rashin jin daɗin ɗaliban Afirka ta Kudu bakar fata da [[Turanci|masu magana da Ingilishi]].<ref name=sowetan/> Wani ɗalibi da kansa, Mashinini ya shirya zanga-zangar da ɗalibai suka yi a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni 1976.<ref name=sowetan/> Wannan zanga-zangar za ta zama sananniya da Tashe-tashen hankula na Soweto, wanda ya ɗauki tsawon kwanaki uku, inda aka kashe ɗaruruwan mutane.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Bayan da aka bayyana shi a matsayin jagoran boren gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu, Mashinini ya tsere daga Afirka ta Kudu a gudun hijira, da farko ya tafi [[Landan]] daga baya zuwa wasu ƙasashen Afirka daban-daban, ciki har da [[Laberiya]], inda ya yi aure a takaice da Miss Laberiya 1977, [[Welma Campbell]]. Mashinini ya mutu a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki, mai yiwuwa na kisan kai, a lokacin rani na shekarar 1990 yayin da yake gudun hijira a Guinea.<ref>[http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1555941,00.html "Tsietsi died of AIDS"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930211226/http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1555941,00.html |date=30 September 2007 }}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1990, an mayar da gawarsa zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, inda aka shigar da shi a cikin makabartar Avalon. Kabarinsa yana ɗauke da almara "Black Power".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://joburgnews.co.za/2006/june/jun12_june16.stm |title="The homecoming that wasn't" |access-date=2025-07-02 |archive-date=2023-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725115522/http://joburgnews.co.za/2006/june/jun12_june16.stm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Martaba == Akwai wani mutum-mutumi na Teboho Mashinini na Johannes Pokela a cikin filin tsohuwar makarantarsa da Amos Masondo, magajin birnin Johannesburg ya kaddamar a ranar 1 ga watan Mayu 2010.<ref name="job">{{Cite web |title=Unveiling of the Tsietsi Mashinini statue |url=http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5351&Itemid=114 |access-date=25 July 2013 |publisher=joburg.org.za |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225352/http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5351&Itemid=114 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Khotso Seatlholo|Hoton Seatlholo]] * Hastings Ndlovu * Hector Pieterson * Murphy Morobe * Seth Mazibuko == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Gidan Yanar Gizon Aikin Rubutun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Afirka ya haɗa da sanarwar manema labarai [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/document_metadata.php?objectid=32-130-C2F Jagoran Soweto (Afrika ta Kudu) Tashin Magana] (New York: Kwamitin Amirka kan Afirka, Disamba 1976). * Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini Profile on SA History Online https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] e447lntdxj610xfkx7a4skllzqbm24h 0 104161 890469 653085 2026-08-02T07:50:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Zaben [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] na 2019 a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] da aka gudanar a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2019, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Kadun. Kwari Suleiman Abdu wanda ke wakiltar Kaduna North, Sani Uba wanda ke wakilcin Kaduna Central dukansu sun ci nasara a dandalin All Progressives Congress. yayin da [[Danjuma Laah|Laah Danjuma Tella]] wakiltar [[Kaduna ta Kudu]] ya koma majalisa a dandalin [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Centre |url=https://nigeriaelections.stearsng.com/state/KD/senate/2019 |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=nigeriaelections.stearsng.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ELECTED SENATORS OF THE 9TH ASSEMBLY |url=https://placng.org/i/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ELECTED-SENATORS-FOR-THE-9TH-ASSEMBLY-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514123940/https://placng.org/i/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ELECTED-SENATORS-FOR-THE-9TH-ASSEMBLY-1.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadebo |first=Bode |last2=Isuwa |first2=Sunday |date=2019-08-30 |title=Nigeria: Missing in Action - Senators Who Will Be Missed in the 9th Assembly |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908300026.html |access-date=2021-08-27 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Senator, Senators in Nigeria :: Nigeria General Information :: Nigeria Information & Guide |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/Nigerian-Senate.html |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=www.nigeriagalleria.com |language=en-NG}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | |- ![[All Progressives Congress|APC]] ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] !Sauran |- !Kafin Zabe |0 |2 |1 !3 |- !Bayan Zabe |2 |1 |0 !3 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Sanata da aka zaba ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Kaduna ta Tsakiya |[[Shehu Sani]] | style="background:{{party color|People's Redemption Party}};" | |PRP |Sani Uba | style="background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};" | |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]] |- |Kaduna ta Arewa |[[Suleiman Othman Hunkuyi]] | style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Kwari Suleiman Abdu | style="background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};" | |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]] |- |Kaduna ta Kudu |[[Danjuma Laah|Laah Danjuma Tella]] | style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |[[Danjuma Laah|Laah Danjuma Tella]] | style="background:{{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |} == Sakamakon == === Kaduna ta Tsakiya === Jimillar 'yan takara 24 da suka yi rajista tare da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] don yin takara a zaben. Dan takarar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] Sani Uba ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] Usman Lawal Adamu da wasu 'yan takarar jam'iyya 22. Sani ya samu kashi 55.78% na kuri'un, yayin da Usman Adamu ya samu kashi 30.70%<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-26 |title=Kaduna Central: Shehu Sani out as INEC declares APC's Uba Sani winner |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/316271-breaking-kaduna-central-shehu-sani-out-as-inec-declares-apcs-uba-sani-winner.html |access-date=2021-08-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-08 |title=Kaduna Central: PDP candidate appeals Tribunal Judgment |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/kaduna-central-pdp-candidate-appeals-tribunal-judgment/ |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=INEC RESULT SHEET KADUNA CENTRAL SENATORIAL ELECTION 2019 |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/KADUNA-CENTRAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108011010/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/KADUNA-CENTRAL.pdf |archive-date=2019-11-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abiola |first=Rahaman |date=2019-02-25 |title=Breaking: Shehu Sani reportedly calls for cancellation of Kaduna elections |url=https://www.legit.ng/1224121-breaking-senator-shehu-sani-calls-cancellation-kaduna-elections.html |access-date=2021-08-27 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827095648/https://www.legit.ng/1224121-breaking-senator-shehu-sani-calls-cancellation-kaduna-elections.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Foundation of democracy under threat, says Shehu Sani |url=https://guardian.ng/news/foundation-of-democracy-under-threat-says-shehu-sani/ |access-date=2021-08-27 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-01 |title=PDP senatorial candidate rejects Kaduna Central election results, threatens legal action |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/pdp-senatorial-candidate-rejects-kaduna-central-election-results-threatens-legal-action/ |access-date=2021-08-27 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> === Kaduna ta Arewa === Jimillar 'yan takara 20 ne suka yi rajista tare da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] don yin takara a zaben. Dan takarar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] Kwari Suleiman Abdu ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Suleiman Othman Hunkuyi|Hunkuyi Othman Suleiman]] da wasu 'yan takarar jam'iyya 28. Kwari ya samu kashi 67.68% na kuri'un, yayin da [[Suleiman Othman Hunkuyi|Hunkuyi]] ya samu kashi 29.93% <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaduna Senator-Elect, Uba Sani Dedicates Victory To His Constituents |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/02/26/kaduna-senator-elect-uba-sani-dedicates-victory-to-his-constituents/ |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-12 |title=List of all Senators elected in 2019 National Assembly elections |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/list-of-all-senators-elected-in-2019-national-assembly-elections/nxp70r9 |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=INEC RESULT SHEETS KADUNA NORTH SENATORIAL ELECTION 2019 |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/KADUNA-NORTH-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108011039/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/KADUNA-NORTH-1.pdf |archive-date=2019-11-08}}</ref> === Kaduna ta Kudu === Jimillar 'yan takara 12 da suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben. Dan takarar PDP Laah Danjuma Tella ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke dan takarar APC Bala Barnabas Yusuf da wasu 'yan takarar jam'iyya 10. Laah ya samu kashi 64.35% na kuri'un, yayin da Barnabas ya samu kashi 31.89%<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-25 |title=PDP wins Kaduna South Senatorial election |url=https://punchng.com/pdp-wins-kaduna-south-senatorial-election/ |access-date=2021-08-06 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=INEC RESULT SHEET KADUNA SOUTH SENATORIAL ELECTION 2019 |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/KADUNA-SOUTH-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108011007/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/KADUNA-SOUTH-1.pdf |archive-date=2019-11-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Kaduna South: Tribunal upholds PDP’s Senator Danjuma La’ah election |url=https://dailynigerian.com/kaduna-south-tribunal-upholds-pdps-senator-danjuma-laah-election/ |access-date=2021-08-27 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} r8ki0igy71q8i2eop62y6a2n50yq4hf 0 104193 890105 653224 2026-08-01T12:24:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 890105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da '''Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2007 a [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]''' a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2007, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Wakili don wakiltar Jihar Taraba, Najeriya. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|All Nigeria Peoples Party}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | |- ![[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]] ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- !Kafin Zabe | - |6 !6 |- !Bayan Zabe | - |6 !6 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Zaɓaɓɓen Wakilin ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Bali / Gassol |[[Dahiru Bako Gassol]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Kabir Abdullahi Jalo | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Jalingo / Yorro / Zing |Alhassan Al-Gaddas | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Henry Mashogwawara Shawulu | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Karim Lamido/Lau/Ardo-Kola |Khamin Taurus | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Jerimon S Manwe | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi |S.M. Nguroje | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |S.M. Nguroje | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Takuma/Donga/Ussa |[[Emmanuel Bwacha]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Albert Tanimu Sam Tsokwa | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Wukari / Ibi |Ikenya Joel Danlami | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Ishaika Mohammad Bawa | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |} == Sakamakon == === Bali / Gassol === Dan takarar PDP Kabir Abdullahi Jalo ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Gassol/Bali House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0bf8c7352c5256637f |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Jalingo / Yorro / Zing === Dan takarar PDP Henry Mashogwawara Shawulu ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Jalingo/Yorro/Zing House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fafb8da2d812a6c7b6ce |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Karim Lamido/Lau/Ardo-Kola === Dan takarar PDP Jerimon S Manwe ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members K/Lamido/lau/Ardo-Kola House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0bf8c7352c5256637c |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi === Dan takarar PDP S.M. Nguroje ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Gashaka/Kumi/Sardauna House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf78da2d812a6c7b5e5 |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Takuma/Donga/Ussa === Dan takarar PDP Albert Tanimu Sam Tsokwa ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Donga/Ussa/Takum/Special Area House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb018da2d812a6c7b7eb |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Wukari / Ibi === Dan takarar PDP Ishaika Mohammad Bawa ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Ibi/Wukari House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb048da2d812a6c7b887 |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9bxkxmybrgenixgey2e13w85spfia4e 890106 890105 2026-08-01T12:24:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 890106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da '''Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2007 a [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]''' a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2007, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Wakili don wakiltar Jihar [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]], Najeriya. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|All Nigeria Peoples Party}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | |- ![[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]] ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- !Kafin Zabe | - |6 !6 |- !Bayan Zabe | - |6 !6 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Zaɓaɓɓen Wakilin ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Bali / Gassol |[[Dahiru Bako Gassol]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Kabir Abdullahi Jalo | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Jalingo / Yorro / Zing |Alhassan Al-Gaddas | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Henry Mashogwawara Shawulu | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Karim Lamido/Lau/Ardo-Kola |Khamin Taurus | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Jerimon S Manwe | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi |S.M. Nguroje | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |S.M. Nguroje | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Takuma/Donga/Ussa |[[Emmanuel Bwacha]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Albert Tanimu Sam Tsokwa | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Wukari / Ibi |Ikenya Joel Danlami | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Ishaika Mohammad Bawa | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |} == Sakamakon == === Bali / Gassol === Dan takarar PDP Kabir Abdullahi Jalo ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Gassol/Bali House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0bf8c7352c5256637f |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Jalingo / Yorro / Zing === Dan takarar PDP Henry Mashogwawara Shawulu ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Jalingo/Yorro/Zing House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fafb8da2d812a6c7b6ce |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Karim Lamido/Lau/Ardo-Kola === Dan takarar PDP Jerimon S Manwe ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members K/Lamido/lau/Ardo-Kola House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0bf8c7352c5256637c |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi === Dan takarar PDP S.M. Nguroje ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Gashaka/Kumi/Sardauna House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf78da2d812a6c7b5e5 |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Takuma/Donga/Ussa === Dan takarar PDP Albert Tanimu Sam Tsokwa ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Donga/Ussa/Takum/Special Area House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb018da2d812a6c7b7eb |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Wukari / Ibi === Dan takarar PDP Ishaika Mohammad Bawa ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Ibi/Wukari House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb048da2d812a6c7b887 |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == emlaba910elssdgthnc3hznuu4hvxbo 890107 890106 2026-08-01T12:25:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 890107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da '''Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2007 a [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]''' a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2007, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Wakili don wakiltar Jihar [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|All Nigeria Peoples Party}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | |- ![[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]] ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- !Kafin Zabe | - |6 !6 |- !Bayan Zabe | - |6 !6 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Zaɓaɓɓen Wakilin ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Bali / Gassol |[[Dahiru Bako Gassol]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Kabir Abdullahi Jalo | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Jalingo / Yorro / Zing |Alhassan Al-Gaddas | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Henry Mashogwawara Shawulu | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Karim Lamido/Lau/Ardo-Kola |Khamin Taurus | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Jerimon S Manwe | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi |S.M. Nguroje | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |S.M. Nguroje | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Takuma/Donga/Ussa |[[Emmanuel Bwacha]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Albert Tanimu Sam Tsokwa | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Wukari / Ibi |Ikenya Joel Danlami | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Ishaika Mohammad Bawa | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |} == Sakamakon == === Bali / Gassol === Dan takarar PDP Kabir Abdullahi Jalo ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Gassol/Bali House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0bf8c7352c5256637f |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Jalingo / Yorro / Zing === Dan takarar PDP Henry Mashogwawara Shawulu ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Jalingo/Yorro/Zing House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fafb8da2d812a6c7b6ce |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Karim Lamido/Lau/Ardo-Kola === Dan takarar PDP Jerimon S Manwe ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members K/Lamido/lau/Ardo-Kola House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0bf8c7352c5256637c |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi === Dan takarar PDP S.M. Nguroje ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Gashaka/Kumi/Sardauna House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf78da2d812a6c7b5e5 |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Takuma/Donga/Ussa === Dan takarar PDP Albert Tanimu Sam Tsokwa ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Donga/Ussa/Takum/Special Area House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb018da2d812a6c7b7eb |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Wukari / Ibi === Dan takarar PDP Ishaika Mohammad Bawa ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Ibi/Wukari House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb048da2d812a6c7b887 |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == q1dryzacqyd2k2pb3woshtinzpkkuqj 890109 890107 2026-08-01T12:25:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 890109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da '''Zaben Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya na 2007 a [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]''' a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2007, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Wakili don wakiltar Jihar [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|All Nigeria Peoples Party}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | |- ![[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]] ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- !Kafin Zabe | - |6 !6 |- !Bayan Zabe | - |6 !6 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Zaɓaɓɓen Wakilin ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Bali / Gassol |[[Dahiru Bako Gassol]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Kabir Abdullahi Jalo | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Jalingo / Yorro / Zing |Alhassan Al-Gaddas | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Henry Mashogwawara Shawulu | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Karim Lamido/Lau/Ardo-Kola |Khamin Taurus | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Jerimon S Manwe | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi |S.M. Nguroje | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |S.M. Nguroje | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Takuma/Donga/Ussa |[[Emmanuel Bwacha]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Albert Tanimu Sam Tsokwa | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Wukari / Ibi |Ikenya Joel Danlami | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |Ishaika Mohammad Bawa | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |} == Sakamakon == === Bali / Gassol === Dan takarar PDP Kabir Abdullahi Jalo ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Gassol/Bali House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0bf8c7352c5256637f |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Jalingo / Yorro / Zing === Dan takarar PDP Henry Mashogwawara Shawulu ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Jalingo/Yorro/Zing House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fafb8da2d812a6c7b6ce |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Karim Lamido/Lau/Ardo-Kola === Dan takarar PDP Jerimon S Manwe ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members K/Lamido/lau/Ardo-Kola House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5feb8a0bf8c7352c5256637c |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi === Dan takarar PDP S.M. Nguroje ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Gashaka/Kumi/Sardauna House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0faf78da2d812a6c7b5e5 |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Takuma/Donga/Ussa === Dan takarar PDP Albert Tanimu Sam Tsokwa ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Donga/Ussa/Takum/Special Area House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb018da2d812a6c7b7eb |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> === Wukari / Ibi === Dan takarar PDP Ishaika Mohammad Bawa ya lashe zaben, inda ya kayar da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Ibi/Wukari House of Representatives, National Assembly from 1999 - 2021{{!}} Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/positions/5fe0fb048da2d812a6c7b887 |access-date=2021-10-31 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} o4nv6mp87e7v5eaocgtbc6k8g3e6rp0 0 105139 890383 889287 2026-08-02T02:40:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labarin ya bayyana yanayin '''Dangantakar launin fata da [[wariyar launin fata]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya'''. An yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a duk faɗin duniya, tare da jihohi 174 da suka shiga Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/208ba1d9617d31d1c1257259003eed53?Opendocument |publisher=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, siffofin da wariyar launin fata ke ɗauka na iya zama daban-daban saboda dalilai na tarihi, al'adu, addini, tattalin arziƙi ko yawan jama'a. == Bahrain == Duk da kasancewa mafi yawan jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-05 |title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'a Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering |url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Musulmai Shi'a a Bahrain suna fuskantar tsanantawa mai tsanani.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/facts-on-ground-reliable-estimate-of.html|title=Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'a Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering|website=bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-02|date=2011-04-05}}</ref> <ref name="Baker">Aryn Baker [https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112020334/https://world.time.com/2011/03/14/saudi-troops-enter-bahrain-to-quell-protests-it-wont-work-for-long/ |date=2026-01-12 }} "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.</ref><ref name=BCHRI>[http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929205257/http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/3132 |date=2011-09-29 }}, [[Bahrain Centre for Human Rights]], viewed Mar 31, 2011</ref><ref>Raymond Barrett "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> Raymond Barrett<ref name="Nakash">{{cite book |last=Nakash |first=Yitzhak |year=2006 |title=Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World |page=24 |url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8127.pdf |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref><ref name="Time 5.3.2007">{{cite news | author=Bobby Ghosh | title = Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide | date=5 March 2007 | publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time magazine]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070226200632/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1592849-2,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = February 26, 2007 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Bobby Ghosh }}</ref><ref>Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror</ref><ref> "Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest," Feb. 15, 2011, [[Christian Science Monitor]].</ref> An kwatanta halin da ake ciki na Musulmai Shi'a da wariyar launin fata. == Iran == A cewar Mataki na 19 na kundin tsarin mulkin Iran: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online |url=http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/government/constitution-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204024/http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran-info/Government/constitution-3.html |archive-date=2013-09-27 |access-date=2017-08-21}}</ref> "Dukan mutanen Iran, komai ƙabilanci ko kabilar da suke ciki, suna jin daɗin daidaito; kuma launi, launin fata, harshe, da sauransu, ba sa ba da wata dama". Iran ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci na launin fata. == Iraƙi == A lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Rashid Ali al-Kaylani ya zargi ƙiyayya ta Burtaniya game da matsayinsa na Nazi a kan al'ummar Yahudawa na Iraƙi. A shekara ta 1941, 'yan ƙasar Iraqi sun kashe Yahudawa 200 a Baghdad a cikin wani Kisan kiyashi. Bayan [[Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948|Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekarar 1948]], Yahudawa na Iraki sun fuskanci tsanantawa sosai har zuwa 1951, kusan 100,000 daga cikinsu sun bar ƙasar yayin da sarakunan Iraƙi suka kwace dukiyoyinsu da dukiyar kuɗi.<ref name="RubinIraq" /> A cikin shekara ta 1987 zuwa 1988, sojojin Iraƙi sun gudanar da kisan ƙare dangi a kan [[ƙurdawa]] na Iraƙi wanda ya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban mutane. Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa koda yake [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] sun ƙunshi ƙasa da 5% na yawan mutanen [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], sun kai kusan 40% na 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga Iraki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2007-03-22-christians-iraq_N.htm |access-date=17 June 2015 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Fiye da kashi 50% na Kiristoci na Iraki sun riga sun bar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2003. Al'ummar Kirista ta Iraƙi sun kai miliyan 1.4 a farkon shekarun 1980 a farkon yaƙin Iran-Irak . Amma kamar yadda mamayewar a shekarar 2003 ta karfafa hankalin Islama, jimlar adadin Kiristoci ya ragu zuwa kusan 500,000 a shekara ta 2006, daga cikinsu 250,000 suna zaune a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410 |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2019-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525071352/http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=7410 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, al'ummomin Mandaean da [[Yazidi]] suna cikin haɗarin kawarwa saboda tsarkakewar ƙabilanci ta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. Wani labarin Mayu 25, 2007 ya lura cewa a cikin watanni bakwai da suka gabata mutane 69 ne kawai daga Iraƙi aka ba su Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka. == Isra'ila == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007, Kwamitin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambancin launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142020/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/ |archive-date=2008-05-09 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> zai yi la'akari da rahoton da Isra'ila ta gabatar a karkashin Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambancin jinsi.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2015}}Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "An haramta nuna bambanci na launin fata a Isra'ila. Jiha ta Isra'ila ta yi Allah wadai da duk wani nau'in nuna bambanci, kuma gwamnatinta ta ci gaba da bin manufofin da ke hana irin wannan nuna bambanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127031631/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD_C_471_Add2_En.doc |archive-date=2007-11-27 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> Caputi, wannan rahoto ya ƙalubalanci rahotanni da yawa da wasu hukumomi suka gabatar wa kwamitin wadanda mafi yawansu daga Musulmai ne masu karfi ko Larabawa mafi rinjaye. Adalah (The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel), wata ƙungiya mai ba da shawara ta Larabawa, ta yi zargin cewa "Jam'ar Isra'ila tana bin manufofin nuna bambanci na ƙasa da gidaje ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila" kuma "an yi watsi da bukatun' yan ƙasar Larabawa ta Isra'ila".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222819/http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/ADALAH%E2%80%99S-Feb07.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2008-02-12}}</ref> A duk faɗin al'ummar Isra'ila ta Yahudawa, kuma musamman a tsakanin matasa, ra'ayi na adawa da Larabawa ya karu, yana nuna kansa ta hanyar ƙaruwar laifukan ƙiyayya, binciken ra'ayi, da maganganun ƙiyayya daga manyan mambobin Knesset.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhareb |first=Mahmoud |title=An Analysis of Israeli public opinion |url=http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/67050cd8-dd9f-4ba7-9590-779e2881c869 |publisher=Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaridar ''Haaretz'' ta rubuta "Bari mu fuskanci shi: Isra'ila tana da matsalar wariyar launin fata". == Jordan == Wani lokaci ana nuna wariyar launin fata a kwallon kafa inda wasu mutane a cikin masu sauraro ke haifar da al'amuran ƙarya tunda 'yan Jordan yawanci suna tallafawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Al Faisaly kuma' yan Palasdinawa suna tallafawa Al Wehdat. == Lebanon == An zargi Lebanon da yin wariyar launin fata a kan mazaunan Palasdinawa. A cewar Human Rights Watch, "A shekara ta 2001, Majalisar ta zartar da dokar da ta hana Falasdinawa mallakar dukiya, haƙƙin da suke da shi tsawon shekaru. Dokar Lebanon ta kuma takaita ikon su na yin aiki a wurare da yawa. A shekara ta 2006, Lebanon ta kawar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya ga Palasdinawa da ke riƙe da mafi yawan mukamai da fasaha, idan sun sami izinin aiki na wucin gadi daga Ma'aikatar Ma'aikalin Ma'aikata, amma za su zaɓi fiye da 20 na manyan sana'a 20 sun kasance ba da iyaka ga Palasdinu ba su ba su ba. A cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa 2013, hukumomin Lebanon sun gudanar da tsare-tsare a yankuna daban-daban, masu aiki na Beirut, suna nuna yanayin da ke karuwa na tsananin wariyar launin fata, wariyar launin fatar, da nuna bambanci a cikin al'ummar Lebanon, musamman ga 'yan tsiraru. Wadannan hare-haren sun yi niyya ga ma'aikatan ƙaura, 'yan gudun hijira, da mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu, waɗanda galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin shari'a, yayin da suke fuskantar haɗarin da ya fi girma na tsare-tsare da kuma zalunci daga hukumomin Lebanon yayin da suke tsare. A shekara ta 2010, an ba Palasdinawa hakkoki iri ɗaya na aiki kamar sauran baƙi a ƙasar. == Oman == Al'ummar Oman galibi kabilanci ne. Oman tana da nau'ikan sanannun asali guda uku.<ref name="inequal" /> Biyu daga cikin wadannan asali sune "ƙabilar da Ibadism", na uku yana da alaƙa da "cinikin teku".<ref name="inequal" /> Abubuwa biyu na farko sun bazu a cikin Oman, ana gwada waɗannan asali sosai ga al'ada, sakamakon dogon lokaci na warewa. Asalin na uku, wanda ya shafi Muscat da yankunan bakin teku na Oman, shine asalin da ya zama a cikin Kasuwanci da kasuwanci. Sakamakon haka, ana ganin ainihin na uku ya fi budewa da haƙuri ga wasu. Don haka, tashin hankali tsakanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu a cikin al'ummar Oman ya wanzu. Mafi mahimmanci, shine kasancewar rashin daidaito tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku.<ref name="inequal" /> A cewar CIA, yawan mutanen Oman sun hada da [[Larabawa]], Baluchi, Asiya ta Kudu (Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lankan, Bangladesh), da kabilun [[Jerin Ƙabilun Afirka|Afirka]].<ref name="pop">{{Cite web |title=Oman |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |access-date=29 October 2011 |publisher=CIA – The World Factbook |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuriyar kabilun bayin da bayi sun sha wahala daga nuna bambanci.<ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report |url=http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc |archive-date=2014-12-28}}</ref> Omanis na asalin bayi wani lokacin ana kiransu "khaddam" (Bawan) kuma wasu suna biyayya ga iyayengiji na baya, duk da 'yanci na doka.<ref name="inequal" /> Oman ita ce ta ƙarshe a duniya da ta kawar da bautar a shekarar 1970.<ref name="taboo" /> An yi imanin cewa ana bi da ma'aikatan ƙaura a Oman fiye da sauran Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.<ref name="taboo" /> Matsalolin ma'aikatan gida a Oman batu ne mai haramtacce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman |url=http://mideastposts.com/showcase/a-taboo-subject-the-desperate-plight-of-domestic-workers-in-oman/}}</ref><ref name="taboo">{{Cite web |title=Things We Don't Talk About |url=http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |access-date=2025-07-09 |archive-date=2014-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228173933/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Stories-Files/Things-We-Don-t-Talk-About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace kwana shida, wani ɗan gudun hijira na Indiya a Oman ya kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Migrant Rights |url=http://www.migrant-rights.org/research/indian-migrants-commit-suicide-every-six-days-in-oman/}}</ref> An yi kamfen da ke roƙon hukumomi da su bincika yawan masu kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2012 |title=Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/campaign-in-oman-to-check-suicide-rate-1.1046918}}</ref> == Falasdinu == Ƙungiyoyin Palasdinawa da mutane daban-daban an zarge su da kasancewa masu adawa da Yahudawa. Howard Gutman ya yi imanin cewa yawancin ƙiyayya ta Musulmi ga Yahudawa ta samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da ke gudana kuma zaman lafiya zai rage ƙiyayya da Yahudawa sosai. == Qatar == 'Yan ƙasa a Qatar suna nuna bambanci ga Ma'aikatan ƙaura duk da cewa sun kasance mafi yawan jama'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=A.K.M. Ahsan |last2=Lee |first2=Shirley Chin Wei |last3=Hassan |first3=Noor Hasharina |last4=Nawaz |first4=Faraha |date=2020-03-14 |title=Xenophobia in the GCC countries: migrants' desire and distress |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |journal=Global Affairs |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=203–223 |doi=10.1080/23340460.2020.1738951 |issn=2334-0460 |s2cid=216241811 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin amincewa ya fito ne daga yanayin aiki da suka sanya ma'aikatan su masu ƙaura. Waɗannan ma'aikata galibi ana sanya su a cikin yankunan aiki masu haɗari waɗanda ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su tsaya saboda babu wasu ayyukan da ke akwai.<ref name=":0" /> Abubuwan da suka faru a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara ta 2022 misali ne. Ma'aikatan cikin gida sune babban burin wariyar launin fata a ƙatar saboda yana faruwa a bayan rufe kofofin. Wadannan ma'aikata suna fuskantar cin zarafin tunani kuma wasu kuma suna fuskantar cinyewar jiki kamar fyade.<ref name=":0"/> Ma'aikatan gida galibi ba sa iya tserewa saboda yanayin aiki da suke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa, suna aiki ba tare da samun kowane irin albashi ba. Rashin kuɗin da suke da shi ya sa ba za su iya komawa gida ba kuma ya shafi iyalansu yayin da yawancin su suka dogara da kuɗin da ma'aikacin ke samu. == Saudi Arabia == Nuna wariyar launin fata a Saudi Arabia game da ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda baƙi ne, galibi daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ma'aikatan Asiya sun tsananta wa wadanda ke fama da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci a kasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2004 |title=Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=11601 |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=Middle East Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabiya Parekh |date=2006-04-04 |title=World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/worldhaveyoursay/2006/04/south_asian_workers_in_saudi.html |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> an yi amfani da ma'aikatan kasashen waje, wadanda ba a biya su ba, wadanda aka yi musu fyade, da yawa da kuma kulle su a wuraren aikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-07 |title=Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion |url=http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id=3.0.2720941512 |access-date=2011-04-22 |publisher=Adnkronos.com}}</ref><ref name="the guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Chamberlain |first=Gethin |date=13 January 2013 |title=Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers |access-date=14 January 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ƙungiyar Human Rights Watch (HRW) ta bayyana waɗannan yanayi a matsayin "kusan [[Ra'ayoyin Musulunci game da Bautar da Bayi|Bautar]]" kuma ta danganta su da "rashin bambancin jinsi, addini, da launin fata".<ref name="humanrightswatch1">{{Cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |date=14 July 2004 |title='Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=printdoc&amp;docid=412ef32a4 |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa ma'aikata ba sa son bayar da rahoton ma'aikatansu saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu ko ci gaba da cin zarafi.<ref name="humanrightswatch1" /> Akwai lokuta da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin addinai. Kafofin yada labarai na Saudi Arabiya galibi suna kai farmaki ga Yahudawa a cikin littattafai, labarai, a masallacinsu da kuma abin da wasu ke bayyana a matsayin satire na adawa da Yahudawa. Jami'an gwamnatin Saudiyya da shugabannin addinai na jihohi galibi suna inganta ra'ayin cewa Yahudawa suna makirci don mamaye duk duniya; a matsayin tabbacin da'awar su suna bugawa kuma akai-akai suna ambaton The Protocols of the Elders of Zion a matsayin gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823125127/http://www.freedomhouse.org/religion/pdfdocs/KSAtextbooks06.pdf |archive-date=2006-08-23 |access-date=March 6, 2023 |publisher=Center for Religious Freedom |pages=1{{ndash}}39}} 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006</ref> == Turkiyya == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wariyar launin fata a Turkiyya ya karu ga' yan kasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar 'Yan gudun hijirar Siriya, 'yan Afghanistan, da' yan gudun hijirar Afirka.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tremblay |first=Pinar |date=2014-08-21 |title=Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/turkey-syria-anti-arab-sentiment-tremblay.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2019 |title=Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-refugees-who-fled-turkey-face-backlash-n978831 |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halis |first=Mujgan |date=2013-11-13 |title=Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/politics/2013/11/turkey-anti-syria-sentiment-increase.html |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=Al-Monitor |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2022 |title=Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-migrants-in-turkey-worried-about-increased-deportations/6683702.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |last2=ANI |date=2022-04-22 |title=Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey |url=https://theprint.in/world/videos-of-pakistani-perverts-cause-outrage-on-social-media-in-turkey/927335/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ro5z0e09h7guduwcwwj3s8ul9yo58v3 0 105172 890484 882031 2026-08-02T10:02:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890484 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lamb_meat_(1).jpg|right|thumb|Ɗan rago]] [[Fayil:Mutton_chop.jpg|right|thumb|Mutton]] ''''''Ɗan '''ragon'''''' da ɗan rago''', gabaɗaya nama na tumaki (ko '''Naman tumaki''') yana ɗaya daga cikin nama na yau da kullun a duniya, an ɗauke shi daga [[Rago|tumaki na gida]], ''Ovis aries'', kuma gabaɗaya an raba shi zuwa ɗan rago. Gabaɗaya, "hogget" da "nama na tumaki" ba sa amfani da su a waje da Norway, New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu, Scotland, da Australia. Hogget ya zama ruwan dare a Ingila, musamman a Arewa (Lancashire da Yorkshire) sau da yawa a hade da nau'ikan da ba a saba gani ba da kuma aikin gona. A cikin abincin Kudancin Asiya da Caribbean, "mutton" sau da yawa yana nufin Naman awaki.<ref>Charmaine O'Brien, ''The Penguin Food Guide to India'', section "The Commons", under "Mutton", {{ISBN|9780143414568}}</ref><ref>Madhur Jaffrey, ''An Invitation to Indian Cooking'', {{ISBN|0375712119}}, p. 49</ref><ref>Janet Groene, Gordon Groene, ''U.S. Caribbean Guide'', 1998, {{ISBN|1883323878}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=vh3eancwP-YC&q=goat%20mutton p. 81]</ref> A lokuta da wurare daban-daban, ana amfani da "mutton" ko "mutton na awaki" a wasu lokuta don nufin nama na awaki. Ɗan rago shine mafi tsada daga cikin nau'ikan uku, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sayar da naman tumaki ne kawai a matsayin "lamb", wani lokacin yana shimfiɗa bambancin da aka yarda da shi da aka bayar a sama. Yanzu yana da wuyar samun ragon da ya fi karfi a wurare da yawa, duk da kokarin Mutton Renaissance Campaign a Burtaniya. A Ostiraliya, ana amfani da kalmar '''Ɗan rago na farko''' don nuna ɗan rago da aka haifa don nama. Sauran harsuna, kamar [[Faransanci]], [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]], da [[Italiyanci]], suna yin irin wannan ko ma da cikakkun bambance-bambance tsakanin naman tumaki ta hanyar shekaru kuma wani lokacin ta hanyar jima'i da abinci - misali, ''lechazo'' a cikin Mutanen Espanya yana nufin nama daga raguna da aka ciyar da madara (wanda ba a shayar da shi ba). [[Fayil:Lamb_chops_2014-03-06_12-39.jpg|thumb|Kayan ɗan rago tare da [[Dankalin turawa|Sabbin dankali]] da wake]] Ma'anar ɗan rago, hogget da ragon ya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe. Ƙananan raguna sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma sun fi taushi. Mutton nama ne daga tumaki sama da shekaru biyu, kuma yana da nama mai tauri. Gabaɗaya, launin duhu, dabba ta tsufa. === Burtaniya, Ostiraliya, da New Zealand === ; Ɗan rago : Yaron tumaki wanda bai kai shekara daya ba. Daga 1 ga Yulin 2019, ma'anar Australiya ita ce, "dabba tumaki wanda: (a) bai kai watanni 12 ba, ko (b) ba shi da hakora na dindindin a cikin lalacewa". Wannan sabon ma'anar yana nufin cewa manoman Australiya na iya tsawaita kalmar "lamb" da wata daya. Wannan ya biyo bayan irin wannan canjin ma'anar a New Zealand a cikin 2018. A Burtaniya ma'anar har yanzu ita ce "0 hakora na dindindin". An ce hakora ta dindindin "ta lalace" idan ta fito fiye da hakoran madara mafi kusa. ; Hogget : Tumaki na kowanne jinsi ba tare da fiye da incisors na dindindin guda biyu a cikin lalacewa ba. Ana kuma amfani da kalmar don komawa ga nama daga dabba da aka ambata a sama. A Burtaniya, yana nufin dabbobi masu shekaru 11 zuwa 24, yayin da masu yankan nama na Australiya ke amfani da kalmar ga dabbobi masu watanni 13 zuwa 24. Har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a cikin amfani da noma da kuma tsakanin masu yankan nama na musamman, yanzu lokaci ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Burtaniya, Australiya da New Zealand, inda ake kiran nama na duk tumaki da ba su kai shekara biyu ba "lamb". ; Mutton : Naman mace (ewe) ko namiji (wether) tumaki da ke da fiye da incisors biyu na dindindin. === Italiya === [[Fayil:Abbacchio_Pasquale.jpg|thumb|Ana cinye ''Abbacchio'' a ko'ina cikin tsakiyar Italiya a matsayin abincin Ista da Kirsimeti.<ref name="abbacchioromanoigp-prodotto">{{Cite web |title=Abbacchio Romano IGP |url=http://www.abbacchioromanoigp.it/Il_prodotto_tp5_pg161.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714115702/http://www.abbacchioromanoigp.it/Il_prodotto_tp5_pg161.aspx |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=10 June 2014 |publisher=abbacchioromanoigp.it}}</ref><ref name="Treccani">{{Cite web |title=abbàcchio |url=http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/abbacchio/ |access-date=15 January 2016 |publisher=Vocabolario – [[Treccani]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=19 July 2019 |title=Abbacchio |url=https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/glossary/abbacchio |access-date=1 November 2022 |website=La Cucina Italiana |language=en-US}}</ref> Samfur ne da [[Tarayyar Turai]] ta kare tare da alamar PGI.<ref name="PGI">{{Cite web |title=Abbacchio Romano IGP |url=https://www.qualigeo.eu/prodotto-qualigeo/abbacchio-romano-igp/ |access-date=7 January 2024 |publisher=qualigeo.eu |language=it }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>]] A cikin Yaren Romanesco, 'ya'yan tumaki da har yanzu ke shayarwa ko kwanan nan ana kiransu ''Abbacchio'', yayin da' ya'yan tumakin kusan shekara guda wanda aka riga aka yanke shi sau biyu ana kiransu ''agnello'' ({{literally|lamb}} 'lamb'). <ref name="romaincampagna">{{Cite web |title=Osservatorio sulla spesa di Roma |url=https://www.romaincampagna.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/impara-abbacchio.pdf |access-date=8 January 2024 |language=it}}</ref> Wannan bambancin ya wanzu ne kawai a cikin yaren Romanesco.<ref name="romaincampagna" /> Ana cinye ''Abbacchio'' a ko'ina cikin tsakiyar Italiya a matsayin abincin Ista da Kirsimeti.<ref name="abbacchioromanoigp-prodotto">{{Cite web |title=Abbacchio Romano IGP |url=http://www.abbacchioromanoigp.it/Il_prodotto_tp5_pg161.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714115702/http://www.abbacchioromanoigp.it/Il_prodotto_tp5_pg161.aspx |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=10 June 2014 |publisher=abbacchioromanoigp.it}}</ref><ref name="Treccani">{{Cite web |title=abbàcchio |url=http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/abbacchio/ |access-date=15 January 2016 |publisher=Vocabolario – [[Treccani]]}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Samfur ne da [[Tarayyar Turai]] ta kare tare da alamar PGI.<ref name="PGI"/> A ko'ina cikin tsakiyar Italiya, gami da Sardinia, kiwo shine babban tushen nama. Tun zamanin d ̄ a, ''Abbacchio'' ya kasance daya daga cikin abincin da ake amfani da shi a yankin [[Lazio]], musamman ga al'ummomin karkara, waɗanda amfani da su a teburin ya kasance mai yawa.<ref name="romaincampagna"/> Al'adar cin ''Abbacchio'' ta bazu a zamanin d ̄ a inda aka yanka [[Rago|tumaki]] masu girma. An haramta yanka ''Abbacchio'' sai dai a lokacin Easter da Kirsimeti, har zuwa Yuni. A cikin ƙarni, saboda muhimmancin abinci, an haɓaka girke-girke kusan 100 don shirya ɗan rago a Lazio.<ref name="romaincampagna" /> Idan aka ba da muhimmancin ''Abbacchio'' a rayuwar zamantakewa, abubuwan tarihi da aka keɓe ga ''Abbacchio'' har yanzu ana shirya su a yankin Lazio a yau, watau sagre, bukukuwan ƙasa da abubuwan da suka faru.<ref name="romaincampagna" /> A zamanin d ̄ a, ana cin tumaki yayin aiki a cikin ƙauyuka, yayin da aka cinye ''Abbacchio'' ne kawai a lokacin bukukuwan Ista.<ref name="romaincampagna" /> === Kudancin Asiya === [[Fayil:Mutton_briyani_from_Little_India,_Singapore_-_20130719.jpg|thumb|Biryani na ɗan jaki na Indiya[[Biryani|ragon biryani]]]] Kalmar "mutton" ana amfani da ita ga Naman awaki a yawancin ƙasashe na Kudancin Asiya, kuma yawan awaki yana ƙaruwa. Misali, ana yin curry na tumaki koyaushe daga naman awaki. An kiyasta cewa sama da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan awaki ana yanka su a kowace shekara kuma ana sayar da su a matsayin ragon. Yawan tumaki na cikin gida a Indiya da yankin Indiya sun kasance suna raguwa sama da shekaru 40 kuma sun tsira a matakan da ke cikin tsaunuka, bisa ga nau'ikan tumaki na daji, kuma galibi don samar da ulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheep (new, with animal welfare information) {{!}} Infonet Biovision Home. |url=https://infonet-biovision.org/AnimalHealth/Sheep |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=infonet-biovision.org |archive-date=4 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704094226/https://infonet-biovision.org/AnimalHealth/Sheep |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amurka === === Sauran nau'ikan === [[Fayil:Agnello_spiedini.12.piatto.jpg|thumb|Rago mai laushi tare da dankali da tumatir, [[Italiya]]]] ; Ɗan rago mai shayarwa ko ɗan rago mai ba da madara : Nama daga ɗan rago marar lalacewa, yawanci makonni 4-6 da nauyin 5.5-8 kg; wannan yawanci ba ya samuwa a ƙasashe kamar Amurka da Ingila. &nbsp;Rashin dandano da kuma dandano na ɗan rago mai shayarwa lokacin da aka gasa shi (kamar ƙananan yan rago da aka sani da ''chuletillas'' a Spain) ko gasa shi (lechazo asado ko cordero lechal asado) galibi ana zaton ya fi na ɗan ramin rago, kuma yana da farashi mafi girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Speleogroup – sg2012 |url=http://www.speleogroup.org/sg2012.html#20.06 |website=speleogroup.org}}</ref> Yankunan da ke arewacin Spain inda za'a iya samun wannan sun hada da Asturias, Cantabria, Castile da León, da La Rioja . Ana amfani da raguna masu shayarwa musamman don Ista a Girka, lokacin da aka gasa su a kan tofa. ; Yaron ɗan rago : Ɗan rago mai shayarwa tsakanin makonni shida zuwa takwas ; Ɗan rago na bazara : Ɗan rago, yawanci watanni uku zuwa biyar, an haife shi a ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara kuma ana sayar da shi kafin 1 ga Yuli (a arewacin arewa). ; Ɗan rago masu shayarwa : Kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a Ostiraliya - ta haɗa da 'yan rago masu shayarwa, da kuma ɗan rago masu tsufa har zuwa kimanin watanni bakwai waɗanda har yanzu suna dogara da mahaifiyarsu don madara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Sheep CRC |url=http://www.sheepcrc.org.au/index.php?id=1353 |website=sheepcrc.org.au |access-date=2025-07-10 |archive-date=2008-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007060532/http://www.sheepcrc.org.au/index.php?id=1353 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jiki daga waɗannan raguna yawanci suna da nauyin tsakanin 14 zuwa 30 kg. &nbsp;Tsoffin raguna da aka yaye waɗanda ba su riga sun girma ba don zama raguna an san su da raguna na tsohuwar kakar. ; Ɗan rago mai shekara guda : ƙaramin tumaki tsakanin watanni 12 zuwa 24 ; Ɗan rago na Saltbush : kalma da aka yi amfani da ita a Ostiraliya don nama na Merinos masu girma waɗanda aka ba su izinin kiwo a kan tsire-tsire na atriplex ; Ɗan rago mai gishiri : (Har ila yau an san shi da 'rago mai gishiri' ko kuma da sunansa na Faransanci, agneau de pré-salé) Naman tumaki wanda ke kiwo a kan gishiri a cikin bakin teku waɗanda raƙuman ruwa ke wankewa kuma suna tallafawa kewa da yawa daga cikin ciyawa da ganye masu jure gishiri, kamar samphire, sparta ciyawa, Sorrel da lavender na teku. Dangane da inda gishiri yake, yanayin tsire-tsire na iya zama daban-daban. An daɗe ana godiya da ɗan rago mai gishiri a Faransa kuma yana ƙaruwa cikin shahara a Ƙasar Ingila. Wuraren da ake kiwon ɗan rago mai gishiri a Burtaniya sun haɗa da Harlech da Gower Peninsula a Wales, Somerset Levels, Morecambe Bay da Solway Firth . ; Ɗan rago mai gishiri : Wani nau'in ɗan rago na musamman ga Tsibirin Flinders (Tasmania). Gidajen da ke tsibirin suna da gishiri mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da dandano da kuma dandano mai kama da ɗan rago mai gishiri. == Kashe nama da dafa abinci == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Fayil:Plato_de_lechazo,_Valladolid.jpg|''Lechazo asado'' (roast lamb) is a typical dish from the province of Valladolid and other Castilian provinces in [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. Fayil:Chuletillas-El-Mazuco.jpg|''Chuletillas'' of milk-fed lamb in Asturias Fayil:Agnello_arrosto.03.con_patate,verdure_e_aromi_cotto.jpg|Cooked boneless leg of lamb with potatoes and carrots, [[Italiya|Italy]] Fayil:Lamb_shank.jpg|Lamb shanks of a young lamb Fayil:Mutton_rogan_josh.jpg|Mutton ''rogan josh'' from [[Indiya|India]] Fayil:Barbecued_lamb_sticks.jpg|Lamb chuanr (Uyghur grilled lamb kebabs) Fayil:Aroab_lamb_pot.jpg|Lamb shanks cooked on an open fire in Aroab, [[Namibiya|Namibia]] Fayil:Lamb_Chops_from_a_Greek_restaurant_in_Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida.jpg|A plate of lamb chops from a Greek restaurant in Fort Lauderdale, Florida </gallery>Ana ɗaukar naman ɗan rago daga dabba tsakanin wata ɗaya zuwa shekara ɗaya, tare da nauyin gawa tsakanin 5.5 da 30 . Wannan nama gabaɗaya ya fi taushi fiye da na tsofaffin tumaki kuma yana bayyana sau da yawa a kan tebur a wasu Kasashen Yamma. Hogget da ragon suna da ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi fiye da ɗan rago saboda suna ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na nau'in nau'in kuma wasu sun fi son su. Mutton da hogget suma suna da ƙarfi fiye da ɗan rago (saboda tsufa na nama) sabili da haka sun fi dacewa da dafa abinci na casserole, kamar yadda yake a cikin Hotpot na Lancashire, alal misali. Sau da [[wiktionary:hindquarter|baya]] ana rarraba ɗan rago zuwa nau'ikan nesa guda uku: forequarter, loin, da hindquarter. Gabatarwa ta haɗa da wuyan, kafada, kafafu na gaba, da haƙarƙari har zuwa kafada. Kayan baya ya haɗa da kafafu na baya da cinya. Longe ya haɗa da haƙarƙari tsakanin su biyu. Ana yanka yankan ragon daga haƙarƙari, da kafadu. Kwayoyin haƙarƙari sun haɗa da ƙashin haƙarƙara; kwayar haƙarƙarin haƙarƙashiya sun haɗa da kwayar China kawai. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar kwayar kafada ƙasa da kwayar kwayar kwaya; nau'ikan kwayar duka biyu galibi ana gasa su. Ana iya dafa ƙirjin ɗan rago (kayan jariri) a cikin tanda. Ƙafar ɗan rago gaba ɗaya ce; gadon ɗan rago shine ƙafar biyu tare da cinya. Ana yawan gasa kafa da gadon, kodayake ana tafasa kafa a wasu lokuta. Naman tumaki, kamar na sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, ya haɗa da ƙarin ƙwayoyin haɗin kai fiye da wasu yankan, kuma, idan ba daga ɗan rago ba, ya fi kyau a dafa shi a hankali ta amfani da hanyar da ke da ruwa, kamar su dafa ko dafa abinci, ko ta hanyar saurin gasa ko Barbecuing na Amurka. Yana, a wasu ƙasashe, ana sayar da shi an riga an yanka shi ko an yanka. * yanke daga hannun kafada, wanda ke dauke da ƙashin kafa da wani ɓangare na ƙashin kafada, kuma an rufe shi da wani nau'i mai laushi kuma ya faɗi (mai laushi, kamar takarda). * yanke daga saman kafa. Mutton barbeque al'ada ce a Yammacin Kentucky . Yankin yana da ƙarfi a kasuwancin ulu, wanda ya ba su tumaki masu yawa waɗanda ake buƙatar amfani da su.<ref name="KentuckyBBQ">{{Cite web |title=Owensboro Kentucky Mutton Barbecue |url=https://www.thespruce.com/owensboro-mutton-barbecue-331595}}</ref> Za'a iya yanka ƙananan raguna masu kitse a cikin maye gurbin naman alade da ake kira macon. [[Harshe (gaɓa)|harshe]] ɗan rago ya shahara a cikin Abincin Gabas ta Tsakiya a matsayin Yanke sanyi da kuma shirye-shirye kamar stews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanese Recipes, Lamb Tongue Salad, oregano, pepper, salt ginger |url=http://www.discoverlebanon.com/en/recipes/lamb_tongue.php |website=discoverlebanon.com |access-date=2025-07-10 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804105657/http://www.discoverlebanon.com/en/recipes/lamb_tongue.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>  {{Better source|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2025)">better&nbsp;source&nbsp;needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Yankewa == === Burtaniya, Kanada, da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth === [[Fayil:British_Lamb_Cuts.svg|right|thumb|Yankin ɗan rago na Burtaniya]] Kimanin yankuna na yankan ragon da aka saba amfani da su a Burtaniya: * Ƙarshen wuka (na wuyansa) * Tsakanin wuyan * Mafi Kyawun Ƙarshen (na wuyansa) * Da ke nesa * Chump (da chump chops) * Barnsley chop, babban nau'i biyu mai nisa. * Ƙafa (gigot a Scotland) * Shank * Kafartacciyar kafaɗar * ƙirji === Amurka da Ireland === * Square yanke kafada - kafada roast, kafada chops da hannu chops * Rack - haƙarƙari da riblets, haƙarƙarin da aka gasa * Tsuntsaye ko gasa a nesa * Ƙafa - sirloin chops, ƙafar da aka gasa (ƙafar ɗan rago) * Wuyan wuyan wuyan * ƙirji * Shanks (kafin ko baya) * A gefen === New Zealand === <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beef + Lamb New Zealand Reference Guide |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5afa23cc50a54ff627bbcea9/t/5f2b62371acf5011ea2ab835/1596678759084/Beef+%2B+Lamb+New+Zealand+Reference+Guide.pdf |access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicol |first=Alistair |last2=Saunders |first2=Caroline |date=24 November 2008 |title=Lamb cuts |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/19220/lamb-cuts |access-date=10 June 2021 |website=teara.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref> * '''Gidan da aka yi amfani da shi''' ** Cutar wuyan wuyan wuyansa ** Kafarta - kafarta, kafarta (yawanci kasusuwa da mirgina) ** Ido da ya fi dacewa ** ƙirji ** Ƙuƙwalwa * '''Da ke nesa''' ** Rib-loin - racks, cutlets da aka yi wa murfi, haƙarƙari ** Tsakanin tsakiya - striploin (baya), tsinkaye ** Tenderloin ** Flap * '''Cikakken kafa''' - gurasar kafa (yana iya zama ƙasusuwa kuma a mirgine shi), ƙafar kafa. Ƙafar da aka yanke ita ce cikakkiyar kafa ba tare da ƙuƙwalwa ba; ƙafar da aka ƙusa ita ce ƙafar da ba ta da ƙuɓɓugar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙulwa ** Chump (rump) - chump chops, rump steak ** Kyakkyawan gefen (kashin hannu) - schnitzel ** Topside & azurfa - steaks ** Shank == Adadin samarwa da amfani == === Cin naman tumaki === Dangane da OECD-FAO Aikin Gona na 2016, manyan masu amfani da naman tumaki a cikin 2015 sune kamar haka: Ba a bincika ƙasashen EU a cikin wannan jerin ba. Daga cikin kasashe na EU, [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] ita ce jagorar kowane mutum a cikin amfani a 12.3 kg, yayin da amfani da ɗan rago na shekara-shekara na Burtaniya shine 4.7 kg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 Red Meat Market Snapshot |url=https://www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/prices--markets/documents/os-markets/red-meat-market-snapshots/2018_mla_ms_europe_sheepmeat_r1.pdf |access-date=17 December 2018 |website=Meat and Livestock Australia}}</ref> &nbsp;&nbsp;A waje da OECD, mafi girma ga kowane mabukaci gabaɗaya shine [[Mangoliya|Mongolia]], tare da 45.1 kg. === Samar da naman tumaki === Teburin da ke ƙasa yana ba da samfurin ƙasashe masu samarwa, amma ba a ba da wasu manyan masu samarwa a cikin kewayon 50-120 kt ba.&nbsp; {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" |+Samar da naman tumaki (kt) ! !2008 !2009 !2010 !2011 !2012 |- |{{left|World}} |8,415 |8,354 |8,229 |8,348 |8,470 |- |{{left|{{flag|Algeria}}}} |179 |197 |205 |253 |261 |- |{{left|{{flag|Australia}}}} |660 |635 |556 |513 |556 |- |{{left|{{flag|Brazil}}}} |79 |80 |82 |84 |85 |- |{{left|{{flag|China}}}} |1,978 |2,044 |2,070 |2,050 |2,080 |- |{{left|{{flag|France}}}} |130 |126 |119 |115 |114 |- |{{left|{{flag|Germany}}}} |38 |38 |38 |39 |36 |- |{{left|{{flag|Greece}}}} |91 |90 |90 |90 |90 |- |{{left|{{flag|India}}}} |275 |286 |289 |293 |296 |- |{{left|{{flag|Indonesia}}}} |113 |128 |113 |113 |113 |- |{{left|{{flag|Iran}}}} |170 |114 |90 |104 |126 |- |{{left|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}}} |110 |116 |123 |128 |128 |- |{{left|{{flag|New Zealand}}}} |598 |478 |471 |465 |448 |- |{{left|{{flag|Nigeria}}}} |145 |149 |171 |172 |174 |- |{{left|{{flag|Russia}}}} |156 |164 |167 |171 |173 |- |{{left|{{flag|Turkey}}}} |278 |262 |240 |253 |272 |- |{{left|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}}} |124 |128 |130 |130 |133 |- |{{left|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}} |326 |307 |277 |289 |275 |- |{{left|{{flag|United States}}}} |81 |80 |76 |69 |72 |- | colspan="6" |Tushen: Helgi Library, <ref name="Sheep Meat Production">{{Cite web |title=HelgiLibrary - Sheep Meat Production |url=http://helgilibrary.com/indicators/index/sheep-meat-production |website=helgilibrary.com}}</ref> Bankin Duniya, FAOSTAT |} [[Fayil:Kendall-Jackson_May_Farm-To-Table_Dinner_-_Stierch_04.jpg|thumb|Ƙafafun ɗan rago suna gasa a kan wuta a Kendall-Jackson Wine Estate.]] [[Fayil:Janjetina_i_odojak_na_ražnju_u_Novalji.2.jpg|thumb|Ɗan rago (a gaba) ana gasa shi a kan wani gasa a Novalja, tsibirin Pag, [[Kroatiya|Croatia]].]] Nama daga tumaki yana da kyau a cikin abinci na al'adun [[Abincin Bahar Rum|Bahar Rum]] da yawa ciki har da Girka, Croatia, Turkiyya, [[Al'adar nau'ikan abincin afrika|Arewacin Afirka]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], da Gabas ta Tsakiya, da kuma a cikin abinci da [[Iran]] da [[Afghanistan]]. A Girka, alal misali, wani bangare ne na abinci da yawa da kuma bukukuwan addini kamar Easter, kamar ''avgolemono'' da ''magiritsa''. Har ila yau, sananne ne a cikin al'adun Basque, a cikin ƙasar Basque ta Turai da kuma a cikin sassan makiyaya na Yammacin Amurka (inda makiyaya na zuriyar Basque suka kasance masu aiki tun daga shekarun 1850). A Amurka, Navajo sun haɗa tumaki da ɗan rago a cikin abincin gargajiya tun lokacin da masu binciken Mutanen Espanya da mazauna suka gabatar da tumaki a karni na 17, sun maye gurbin turkey da venison na daji kuma sun kirkiro al'adun makiyaya. A Arewacin Turai, ragon da ɗan rago suna cikin kayan gargajiya da yawa, gami da na Iceland, Norway da United Kingdom. Mutton kuma sananne ne a Ostiraliya. Ɗan rago da ɗan rago sun shahara sosai a Asiya ta Tsakiya da kuma wasu sassan China, inda za a iya guje wa wasu jan nama saboda dalilai na addini ko tattalin arziki. Barbecued mutton kuma ƙwarewa ce a wasu yankuna na Amurka (musamman Owensboro, Kentucky) da Kanada. Koyaya, ana cin nama daga tumaki gabaɗaya ƙasa da yawa a Amurka fiye da yawancin abinci na Turai, Amurka ta Tsakiya da Asiya; alal misali, matsakaicin amfani da ɗan rago a Amurka shine kawai 400 grams (14 oz) a kowace shekara. A [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], ana ɗaukar ƙafar ɗan rago da aka gasa a matsayin Abincin ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shi a ranar Lahadi ko wani lokaci na musamman, ana iya yin shi a cikin BBQ ko tanda na al'ada. Shirye-shiryen da aka saba da shi ya haɗa da rufe ƙafar ɗan rago da man shanu, tura rassan rosemary zuwa cikin yankan da aka yanke a cikin kafa, da kuma yayyafa ganye na rosemary a saman. Ana gasa ɗan rago na tsawon sa'o'i biyu a {{Convert|180|°C|°F}} ° C (350 ° F) kuma yawanci ana ba da shi tare da karoshi da dankali (kuma an gasa shi), kayan lambu da soya. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dd5owkhm8a0nc48x3jx2tcnzgek1v2d 0 105764 890264 744440 2026-08-01T19:56:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:LL-Q33578 (ibo)-King ChristLike-Ugochukwu Uba.wav|thumb]] '''Ugochukwu Uba''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1949) ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne kuma tsohon [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanata]] na Yankin Sanata na Kudancin Anambra. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-26 |title=Uba, former senator, elected guber candidate of Anambra PDP faction |url=https://www.thecable.ng/uba-former-senator-elected-guber-candidate-of-anambra-pdp-faction |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=TheCable}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Senator Ugochukwu Uba Archives |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/tag/senator-ugochukwu-uba/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=The Sun Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2021, an zaɓe shi a matsayin dan takarar gwamna na wata kungiya ta Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a zaben gwamna na [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=with-my-experience-training-ill-transform-anambra-state-senator-ugochukwu-uba |url=https://independent.ng/with-my-experience-training-ill-transform-anambra-state-senator-ugochukwu-uba/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ugochukwu uba |url=https://dailytrust.com/tag/ugochukwu-uba/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> Ya wakilci Yankin Sanata na Kudancin Anambra daga 2003 zuwa 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ugochukwu Uba Archives |url=https://gazettengr.com/tag/ugochukwu-uba/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Peoples Gazette}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Ya fito ne daga ƙauyen Umuoru a Uga, Karamar Hukumar [[Aguata]] a Jihar Anambra, Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2017 |title=UBA, Dr. Ugochukwu |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/uba-dr-ugochukwu/}}</ref> Ugochukwu ya kammala karatun firamare a makarantar firamare ta St Cyprian, [[Port Harcourt]]. Daga nan sai ya yi makarantar sakandare a Kwalejin Stella Maris, Port Harcourt; Kwalejin [[Jihar Rivers]] da Gwamnati, Umuahia, Jihar Abia. Ya fara digiri a fannin [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya Nsukka]] (UNN) daga 1971 zuwa 1973 kafin ya koma Jami'ar Carleton, Ottawa inda ya kammala karatun farko a fannin kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsofor |first=Chinedu |date=2023-05-22 |title=SENATOR DR. UGOCHUKWU UBA; A PRACTICAL POLITICAL SCIENTIST WITH MASSIVE IMPACT IN THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF NIGERIA |url=https://bellnewsonline.com/senator-dr-ugochukwu-uba-a-practical-political-scientist-with-massive-impact-in-the-political-landscape-of-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Bell News |archive-date=2023-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704123246/https://bellnewsonline.com/senator-dr-ugochukwu-uba-a-practical-political-scientist-with-massive-impact-in-the-political-landscape-of-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Carleton sannan ya sami digiri ya biyu a Jami'ar Sarauniya, Kingston Kanada. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}}Ya kuma kasance Sakataren Kasa na Kungiyar Kimiyya ta Siyasa ta [[Najeriya]] daga 1982-1984.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2023 |title=Senator Dr. Ugochukwu Uba; A Practical Political Scientist with Massive Impact in the Political Landscape of Nigeria |url=https://bellnewsonline.com/senator-dr-ugochukwu-uba-a-practical-political-scientist-with-massive-impact-in-the-political-landscape-of-nigeria/ |access-date=14 July 2025 |archive-date=6 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806235511/https://bellnewsonline.com/senator-dr-ugochukwu-uba-a-practical-political-scientist-with-massive-impact-in-the-political-landscape-of-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malami a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|UNN]] inda ya ba da lacca daga 1981 zuwa 1998 a Sashen Kimiyya na Siyasa da Sashen Gudanar da Jama'a. Daga baya ya kasance sakatare na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ilimi ta Jami'o'i (ASUU) Jami'ar Najeriya, reshen [[Nsukka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeolu |date=2017-03-28 |title=UBA, Dr Ugochukwu |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/uba-dr-ugochukwu/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a Gwamnatin Jihar Anambra tsakanin 1990 da 1996 a matsayin Darakta Janar na Ayyukan Jama'a da Darakta Babban Kudi da Kwamishinan, 1999-2003. A shekara ta 2003, ya zama [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Sanata]] na Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya kuma ya wakilci Yankin Sanata na Kudancin Anambra har zuwa shekara ta 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2003 anambra State elected senator – eduweb |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/2003-anambra-state-elected-senator/ |access-date=2023-10-12 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2003 |title=SENATORS |url=https://dawodu.com/senator.htm |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=dawodu.com}}</ref> A cikin 2021, an zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar gwamna na wata kungiya ta PDP a Zaben gwamna na [[jihar Anambra]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chukindi |first=Joe |date=2021-07-19 |title=Court orders INEC to list Ugochukwu Uba as Anambra PDP guber candidate |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/19/court-orders-inec-to-list-ugochukwu-uba-as-anambra-pdp-guber-candidate/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Daily Post Nigeria}}</ref> Ugochukwu Uba kuma Knight ne na Anglican Communion. == Sauran == Ugochukwu Uba ya zama shugaban Majalisar Dattijai, Kwamitin Sufuri kuma daga baya Kwamitin Sufurin Ruwa daga 2003 zuwa 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2023 |title=Senator Dr. Ugochukwu Uba; A Practical Political Scientist with Massive Impact in the Political Landscape of Nigeria |url=https://bellnewsonline.com/senator-dr-ugochukwu-uba-a-practical-political-scientist-with-massive-impact-in-the-political-landscape-of-nigeria/ |access-date=14 July 2025 |archive-date=6 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806235511/https://bellnewsonline.com/senator-dr-ugochukwu-uba-a-practical-political-scientist-with-massive-impact-in-the-political-landscape-of-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Ya goyi bayan: * Ci gaban Inland Container Depots ICDs da kuma karɓar takardar sufuri mai yawa MMT kamar yadda UNCITRAL (Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Kasuwanci da Shari'a ta Duniya) ta gabatar. * Sauƙaƙe aiwatar da dokar kafa ta zamani ga Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Kasa NMA (yanzu Hukumar Kula da Jirgin Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya NIMASA) a cikin 2007. * Sauƙaƙe domestication na da dama International Maritime Conventions a Najeriya musamman, da International Ship and Port Facility Security IPS code da kuma cikakken bita na Extinct Merchant Shipping Act. Tare da fa'idar hannu-da-ƙwarewa da godiya ga ayyukan mafi kyau na duniya, ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara don sake fasalin ayyukan a cikin Sashin Tashar jiragen ruwa kuma ya goyi bayan amincewa da jagororin Dokar Cabotage ta 2003, wanda ya zama dole don samar da babban birnin ga masu aiki na Najeriya don shiga cikin Cabotage a cikin ƙasar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] p97ckaelt74htrlxce4lfj51w9m2x5f 0 106083 890360 730285 2026-08-02T00:17:37Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 890360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:International sanctions against South Africa.svg|thumb|350x350px]] A matsayin martani ga manufofin wariyar launin fata na [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kasashen duniya sun dauki takunkumin tattalin arziki a matsayin wani nau'i na yin Allah wadai da matsin lamba. Jamaica ta jagoranci tafiyar [abubuwan da ake buƙata] ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta hana kayayyaki daga Afirka ta Kudu wariyar launin fata a cikin 1959.<ref>https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/42/a42r023.htm</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba 1962, Babban Taron [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya zartar da Resolution 1761, wani kuduri mara ɗaurewa wanda ya yi Allah wadai da manufofin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ya kafa Kwamitin Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin obho game da wariyar launin fatara kuma ya yi kira ga sanya takunkumi na tattalin arziki da sauran takunkumi a Afirka ta Kudu. A ranar 7 ga watan Agustan 1963 Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zartar da Resolution 181, tana kira ga takunkumin makamai na son rai a kan Afirka ta Kudu kuma a wannan shekarar kwamitin na musamman na yaki da wariyar launin fata zai karfafa da kuma kula da shirye-shiryen daukar mataki a kan kasar. Duk da yake kasashe kamar Amurka da Ingila da farko sun yi jinkirin sanya takunkumi, a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 kasashen biyu, da sauran kasashe 23, sun zartar da dokoki da ke sanya takunkumin kasuwanci daban-daban a Afirka ta Kudu. Takunkumin tattalin arziki a kan Afirka ta Kudu ya sanya matsin lamba a kan gwamnati wanda ya taimaka wajen kawo karshen wariyar launin fata. A cikin 1990, Shugaba Frederik Willem (F.W.) de Klerk ya amince da rashin daidaituwa na tattalin arziki na nauyin takunkumi na kasa da kasa, ya saki shugaban 'yan kasa na Afirka [[Nelson Mandela]] kuma ba a haramta shi ba a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka (ANC). A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1991, Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Turai ta ɗaga takunkumin tattalin arziki a Afirka ta Kudu.[1] De Klerk da Mandela sun jagoranci kasar zuwa zaben dimokuradiyya na farko a shekarar 1994, wanda ya haifar da zaben Mandela a matsayin shugaban kasa. Lokacin da aka tambayi Mandela idan takunkumin tattalin arziki ya taimaka wajen kawo karshen tsarin wariyar launin fata, Mandela ya amsa "Oh, babu wata shakka".<ref>http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/aam/dissertation.htm</ref> ==Tarihi== A ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba 1962, Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya zartar da Resolution 1761, wani kuduri mara ɗaurewa wanda ya yi Allah wadai da manufofin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ya kafa Kwamitin Musamman na Majalisar Dinkinobho game da wariyar launin fatara kuma ya yi kira ga sanya takunkumi na tattalin arziki da sauran takunkumi a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/16/world/european-nations-to-lift-sanctions-on-south-africa.html</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Agustan 1963 Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zartar da Resolution 181 da ke kira ga takunkumin makamai na son rai a kan Afirka ta Kudu, kuma a wannan shekarar, Kwamitin Musamman na Kariya na wariyar launin fata zai karfafa da kuma kula da shirye-shiryen daukar mataki a kan gwamnatin. ==Manazarta== ikjgjq0n9rp2ayzn1pd32zisdizw13a 0 106099 890389 662771 2026-08-02T03:16:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yakin Cabinda''' ya kasance mai ci gaba da tayar da kayar baya, wanda [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda]] (FLEC) ya yi a kan gwamnatin [[Angola]]. FLEC tana da niyyar maido da Jamhuriyar Cabinda mai zaman kanta, wanda ke cikin iyakokin Lardin Cabinda na Angola. == Tarihi == Binciken Yammacin farko na yankin Cabinda na zamani ya fara ne daga mai ba da hanya [[Diogo Cão]] a cikin 1483, daga baya ya fada ƙarƙashin tasirin Portuguese. A shekara ta 1853 wata tawagar shugabannin Cabindan ba tare da nasara ba ta nemi tsawaita gwamnatin Portugal daga mulkin mallaka na Angola zuwa Cabinda. Shugabannin yankin sun ci gaba da yunkurin su na hadin kai tare da Portugal har zuwa [[Taron Berlin]] na 1884 da [[Yarjejeniyar Simulambuco]] ta 1885, bayan haka yankin Cabindan ya zama mai kare Portuguese. Duk da gaskiyar cewa Cabinda tana da matsayi mai zaman kanta, sabuwar gwamnatin Portugal da aka zaba a 1956 ta sauya gwamnatin yankin zuwa Angola ba tare da yarjejeniya ta baya tare da jagorancin yankin Cabinda ba. <ref name="GoaLY">{{Cite web |date=June 1992 |title=CSIS Africa Notes |url=http://csis.org/files/publication/anotes_0692.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208162411/http://csis.org/files/publication/anotes_0692.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2015 |access-date=25 April 2015 |website=CSIS}}</ref> An kafa ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Cabindan ta farko da aka sani da Associação dos Indígenas do Enclave de Cabinda (AlEC) a cikin 1956, AIEC ta ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar tsakanin Cabinda da Belgian Congo ko French Congo. Associação dos Ressortissants do Enclave de Cabinda (AREC) an kafa ta ne a shekarar 1959 a matsayin kungiyar jin kai, an sake sunan AREC zuwa Freedom Movement for the State of Cabinda (MLEC), yana canza rawar sa zuwa ƙungiyar siyasa da ke inganta 'yancin kai. Kwamitin Ayyuka na Kasa na Jama'ar Cabindan (CAUNC) da Mayombé Alliance (ALLIAMA) sun shiga cikin yanayin siyasa mai girma a wannan shekarar. A cikin 1963, MLEC, ALLIAMA da CAUNC sun haɗu cikin [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda]] (FLEC), wanda tun daga lokacin ya kasance babbar ƙungiya ta ƙaddamar da kai a yankin.<ref name="GoaLY"/> A wannan shekarar, Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka ta bayyana cewa Cabinda jiha ce mai zaman kanta tare da ƙungiyar 'yancin kanta. A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 1967, FLEC ta kafa gwamnati a gudun hijira da ke garin Tshela, Zaire. A watan Agustan shekara ta 1974, FLEC ta shawo kan Jam'iyyar Democrat Union of Cabindan Peoples da Jam'iyyar Democratic Party of Cabinda, ta zama kungiyar siyasa guda daya a Cabinda.<ref name="Saqjo">{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Chronology for Cabinda in Angola |url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/469f38631e.html |access-date=26 April 2015 |website=Minorities at Risk Project}}</ref> A watan Janairun 1975 a karkashin matsin lamba daga ƙungiyoyin 'yanci na Angola, Portugal ta yarda da Cabinda a matsayin wani ɓangare na Angola a cikin [[Yarjejeniyar Alvor]] inda ƙungiyoyin' yancin kai na Angola 3 ([[MPLA]], UNITA da FNLA) suka kasance, suna ƙin Cabinda haƙƙin ƙaddamar da kai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba shi a baya. A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 1975, shugaban FLEC Luis Ranque Franque ya ba da sanarwar kafa Jamhuriyar Cabinda, wata jiha mai zaman kanta. Sojojin MPLA da ke kula da yankin a lokacin sun yi watsi da sanarwar.<ref name="Saqjo"/> A watan Nuwamba 1975, Angola ta sami 'yancin kai daga Portugal, tana da'awar Cabinda a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankinta. An soke gwamnatin Cabindan ta wucin gadi, karkashin jagorancin [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda|FLEC]]. A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1975, FLEC ta amsa ta hanyar fara gwagwarmayar makamai, da nufin ƙirƙirar jihar Cabindan ta daban.<ref name="fewS">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2013 |title=Datas principais relacionadas com Cabinda |url=https://noticias.sapo.pt/internacional/artigo/datas-principais-relacionadas-com-cabinda_16485533.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209000157/http://noticias.sapo.pt/internacional/artigo/datas-principais-relacionadas-com-cabinda_16485533.html |archive-date=9 December 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |website=SAPO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=John Pike |title=Cabinda |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/cabinda.htm |access-date=23 January 2015 |publisher=Global Security}}</ref> == Rikici == A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Angola, FLEC ta rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyar masu zaman kansu. FLEC-Posição Militar (FLEC-PM) daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa FLEC-Renovada (FLEC -R), FLEC-N'Zita, FLEC-Lubota, União Nacional de Libertação de Cabinda (UNLC) da [[Kwamitin Kwaminisanci na Cabinda]]. Yayin da yakin ya ci gaba da jagorancin [[MPLA]] ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami goyon baya daga bangarorin FLEC daban-daban kuma ya shiga tattaunawa. A gefe guda, 'yan tawaye na UNITA sun hada kai tsaye da FLEC-FAC, yayin da suke neman fadada kawancen su da kungiyar. Abubuwan da ke sama ba su dakatar da UNITA daga yin aiki tare da MPLA a wasu lokuta a cikin ayyukan adawa da FLEC ba. A shekara ta 2002, gwamnatin Angola ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da UNITA a hukumance don kawo karshen yakin basasa.<ref name="KWak">{{Cite web |date=1 November 1995 |title=Angola: Information on an anti-government group called Frente Liberaccion d'Enclave Cabinda (FLEC) |url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ac5010.html |access-date=25 April 2015 |website=Refworld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=¿Qué pasa en... Cabinda? |url=http://blogs.elpais.com/africa-no-es-un-pais/2012/05/que-pasa-en-cabinda.html |access-date=23 January 2015 |website=África no es un país |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035613/http://blogs.elpais.com/africa-no-es-un-pais/2012/05/que-pasa-en-cabinda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Cuba]], Gabashin Jamus da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] sun shiga yakin basasa a gefen MPLA a 1975, ba da daɗewa ba suka mamaye Cabinda.<ref name="czH">{{Cite journal |last=Marquez |first=Gabriel Garcia |date=1977 |title=Operation Carlota |url=https://newleftreview.org/issues/i101/articles/gabriel-garcia-marquez-operation-carlota.pdf |journal=Gabriel García Márquez |issue=I/101–102 |pages=123–137 |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>A cewar jami'an leken asiri na Amurka, [[Faransa]] da [[Beljik|Belgium]] sun goyi bayan FLEC ta hanyar samar da horo da taimakon kudi, duk da cewa Zaire ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan FLEC na kasashen waje. FLEC-Renovada ta sami tallafi daga kungiyoyin dama na Amurka, Afirka ta Kudu da Japan da kuma World League for Freedom and Democracy . <ref name="GoaLY"/>A shekara ta 1956, an fara gano man fetur a yankin; a shekara ta 1966, Kamfanin Man Fetur na Gulf ya fara amfani da kasuwanci. Babban kudaden shiga da aka samu ta hanyar mallakar mai ya ba da gudummawa ga hauhawar muhimmancin siyasar Cabinda. A shekara ta 1970, kudaden shiga na mai sun kai dala miliyan 16 kuma ana sa ran za su tashi zuwa dala miliyan 32-50 a shekarar 1972. Man ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa; a shekara ta 2011 ya wakilci kusan kashi 86% na jimlar kuɗin da jihar Angola ta samu. Rashin amincewa da yawan jama'ar yankin don goyon bayan Portuguese da kuma daga baya bukatun Angola sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa yakin basasa a yankin.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}} A ranar 18 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2006, kungiyar Cabinda Forum for Dialogue (FCD) da FLEC-Renovada karkashin jagorancin António Bento Bembe sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta biyu tare da gwamnatin Angola da aka sani da Memorandum of Understanding for Peace a Cabinda . Wannan taron ya faru ne a Macabi, Cabinda . Yarjejeniyar ta tabbatar da matsayin Cabinda a matsayin wani ɓangare na Angola, ta ba da matsayin tattalin arziki na musamman da ikon gudanarwa na gida ga Cabinda, kuma ta yi Allah wadai da ayyukan tawaye da rarrabewa. Yarjejeniyar ta sami zargi daga abokan adawar Bembe a cikin motsi. Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta nuna raguwar tsananin rikici.   A cewar Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, Cabinda tana ƙarƙashin mamayar soja, wanda sojojin Angola suka ƙarfafa a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angola mantém presença militar reforçada em Cabinda |url=http://noticias.uol.com.br/ultnot/lusa/2008/06/04/ult611u78130.jhtm |access-date=23 January 2015}}</ref> Wannan gaskiya ne musamman bayan da FLEC ta kai hari kan tawagar kwallon kafa ta Togo, lokacin da Angola ke karbar bakuncin gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2010. Sojojin 'yan tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa kuskure ne. A cikin 2012, FLEC-FAC ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen ta don ayyana tsagaita wuta da neman shawarwari game da rikici. == Manazarta == 11tx84iujledotr0n77i4j2jq80gxri 0 107225 890390 866334 2026-08-02T03:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890390 wikitext text/x-wiki Kamfen na 'Yancin Dan Adam ('''HRC''') kungiya ce ta kare hakkin LGBTQ ta [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Ita ce babbar kungiyar siyasa ta LGBTQ a cikin Amurka. An kafa shi a Washington, D.C., ƙungiyar tana mai da hankali kan karewa da faɗaɗa haƙƙi ga daidaikun LGBTQ, gami da ba da shawara ga auren jinsi, dokar hana wariya da ƙiyayya, da bayar da shawarwari kan HIV/AIDS. Ƙungiya tana da ƙudirin doka da dama da kuma tallafawa albarkatu ga daidaikun LGBTQ. == Tsarinsa == HRC kungiya ce ta ƙungiyoyi biyu masu zaman kansu da kuma kwamitin siyasa: Gidauniyar HRC, ƙungiyar 501 (c) (3) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2013 |title=HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN FOUNDATION |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521481896 |access-date=16 September 2015 |publisher=ProPublica}}</ref> wacce ke mai da hankali kan bincike, bayar da shawarwari da ilimi; Kamfen ɗin 'Yancin Dan Adam, ƙungiyar 50 1 (c) (4) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Campaign |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=521243457 |publisher=[[OpenSecrets]]}}</ref> wacce ke mai mai da hankali ga inganta' yancin mata, gay, bisexual, da Queer (LGBTQ) ta hanyar yin lobbying Congress da jami'an jihohi da na gida don tallafawa ayyukan siyasa masu goyon bayan membobinta na siyasa; PACQ da kuma suna adawa === Jagora === An sanar da Kelley Robinson a matsayin sabuwar shugabar kamfen din kare hakkin dan Adam a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2022. Ta gaji shugabar rikon kwarya Joni Madison a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2022, inda ta zama Bakar fata ta farko da ta jagoranci kungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HRC Staff |url=https://www.hrc.org/about/staff/joni-madison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018150049/https://www.hrc.org/about/staff/joni-madison |archive-date=18 October 2021 |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=hrc.org}}</ref> Hukumomi guda uku ne ke tallafawa aikin HRC: Hukumar gudanarwa, wacce ita ce hukumar gudanarwar kungiyar; Hukumar Gidauniyar HRC, wacce ke kula da kudaden gidauniyar tare da kafa manufofi na hukuma da ke tafiyar da gidauniyar; da kuma kwamitin gwamnonin da ke tafiyar da harkokin gidauniyar kungiyar a fadin kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The HRC Story: Boards |url=https://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/boards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114144559/http://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/boards |archive-date=November 14, 2015 |access-date=August 24, 2012 |website=hrc.org |publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref> == Tarihi == Steve Endean, wanda ya yi aiki tare da wata kungiyar Gay Rights National Lobby da aka kafa a baya daga 1978, ya kafa kwamitin siyasa na Human Rights Campaign Fund a shekarar 1980. <ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=About HRC |url=https://www.hrc.org/about |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref> Kungiyoyin biyu sun haɗu. A shekara ta 1983, an zabi Vic Basile, a lokacin daya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar kare hakkin LGBT a Washington, DC, a matsayin darektan zartarwa na farko. A watan Oktoba 1986, an kafa Gidauniyar HRC (HRCF) a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta. A watan Janairun 1989, Basile ya sanar da tafiyarsa, kuma HRC ta sake tsarawa daga aiki galibi a matsayin kwamitin aikin siyasa (PAC) don fadada aikinta don haɗawa da lobbying, bincike, ilimi, da watsa labarai.<ref name="HRCJournal-history">{{Cite web |title=The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) |url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/human_rights_campaign.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213150637/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/human_rights_campaign.html |archive-date=February 13, 2012 |access-date=April 27, 2021 |website=GLBTQ}}</ref> HRC ta yanke shawara a kan sabon Bayanin Manufa: "Don inganta jin dadin zamantakewar al'ummar 'yan luwadi da madigo ta hanyar tsarawa, tallafawa da kuma tasiri dokoki da manufofi a matakin tarayya, jihohi da [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]]." Tim McFeeley, wanda ya kammala makarantar shari'a ta Harvard, wanda ya kafa kungiyar 'yan madigo da 'yan luwadi ta Boston, kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin HRC na New England, an zabe shi a matsayin sabon babban darektan. Jimlar zama memba ya kasance kusan membobi 25,000. A 1992, HRC ta amince da dan takarar shugaban kasa a karon farko, Bill Clinton. A cikin Maris 1993, HRC ta fara sabon aiki, Ranar Fitowa ta Ƙasa. Sauran abubuwan da aka samu na zahiri daga 90s sun fi wahalar tattara bayanai. Daga Janairu 1995 har zuwa Janairu 2004, Elizabeth Birch ta yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan HRC. A karkashin jagorancinta, cibiyar ta ninka yawan membobinta fiye da hudu zuwa mambobi 500,000.<ref name="Birch">{{Cite web |last=Althafer |first=Emily |title=Leading gay rights advocate to speak at UF |url=http://news.ufl.edu/2006/01/23/human-rights-talk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916211856/http://news.ufl.edu/2006/01/23/human-rights-talk/ |archive-date=September 16, 2006 |access-date=February 22, 2012 |publisher=University of Florida News: source: Adelisse Fontanet, xxx-1665 ext. 326}}</ref> A cikin 1995, kungiyar ta yi watsi da kalmar "Asusun" daga sunanta, ta zama yakin kare hakkin bil'adama. A wannan shekarar, an gudanar da cikakken tsari. Gidauniyar ta HRC ta kara sabbin shirye-shirye kamar aikin Wurin Aiki da Aikin Iyali, yayin da ita kanta HRC ta fadada ayyukanta na bincike, sadarwa, da tallace-tallace da ayyukan huldar jama'a. Kungiyar ta kuma fitar da sabon tambari, alamar rawaya daidai gwargwado a cikin murabba'in shudi. <ref name="HRC Logo">{{Cite web |title=The HRC Story: About Our Logo |url=https://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/about-our-logo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112082857/http://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/about-our-logo |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |access-date=February 22, 2012 |publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref> [[Fayil:ChicagoGayPride2005_1.jpg|thumb|Kamfen ɗin 'Yancin Dan Adam sau da yawa yana da babban kasancewar abubuwan da suka shafi LGBT kamar su Chicago Pride Parade kamar yadda aka gani a sama.]] A matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukan da ke kewaye da Maris na Millennium a Washington, Gidauniyar HRC ta dauki nauyin wasan kwaikwayo na tara kuɗi a filin wasa na RFK na Washington, D.C. a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2000. An ba da izini a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo don kawo ƙarshen laifuffukan ƙiyayya, "Equality Rocks" ya girmama wadanda ke fama da laifuffukan ƙiyayya da danginsu, irin su fitattun masu magana Deparnis, da iyayen Shepardy. Taron ya hada da Melissa Etheridge, Garth Brooks, Pet Shop Boys, k.d. lang, Nathan Lane, Rufus Wainwright, Albita Rodríguez, da Chaka Khan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More Artists Added to Equality Rocks: Michael Feinstein, Chaka Khan, Kathy Najimy and Rufus Wainwright Join Garth Brooks, Ellen DeGeneres, Melissa Etheridge, Anne Heche, Kristen Johnston, kd lang, Nathan Lane and Pet Shop Boys To Benefit the Human Rights Campaign Foundation |url=http://www.nyrock.com/worldbeat/04_2000/041200a.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115095023/http://www.nyrock.com/worldbeat/04_2000/041200a.asp |archive-date=November 15, 2012 |access-date=February 22, 2012 |publisher=nyrock.com World Beat}}</ref><ref name="concert-hate crimes">{{Cite web |title=Resources: Hate Crimes Timeline |url=https://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/hate-crimes-timeline#2000 |access-date=February 22, 2012 |publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref> Magaji Elizabeth Birch, Cheryl Jacques, yayi murabus a watan Nuwamba 2004 bayan watanni 11 kacal a matsayin babban darekta. Jacques ta ce ta yi murabus ne saboda "bambanci a falsafar gudanarwa". A cikin Maris 2005, HRC ta sanar da nadin Joe Solmonese a matsayin shugaban kasa. Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi har sai da ya sauka a watan Mayun 2012 don jagorantar yakin neman zaben Barack Obama. HRC ta kaddamar da shirinta na Addini da Bangaskiya a 2005 don tara limaman coci don yin shawarwari ga mutanen LGBT, kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa DC Clergy United for Marriage Equality, wanda ke da hannu wajen halatta auren jinsi a [[Washington, D.C.|Gundumar Columbia]]. A ranar 10 ga Maris, 2010, an gudanar da bikin auren jinsi guda na farko da aka amince da shi a Gundumar Columbia a hedkwatar Yakin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam. A ranar 9 ga Agusta, 2007, HRC da Logo TV sun shirya wani taro na 2008 'yan takarar shugaban kasa na Demokradiyya da aka sadaukar musamman ga al'amuran LGBT. <ref name="Dems Court the Gay Vote">{{Cite web |last=ABC News |title=Dems Court the Gay Vote |url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Story?id=3466074&page=1 |website=ABC News}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, HRC ta yi kira ga a soke dokar Amurka ta hana masu [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] shiga kasar don balaguro ko shige da fice.<ref name="Ban Lifted">{{Cite web |date=4 January 2010 |title=After 22 Years, HIV Travel and Immigration Ban Lifted |url=https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/entry/after-22-years-hiv-travel-and-immigration-ban-lifted |access-date=February 22, 2012 |publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref><ref name="After 22 years, HIV travel and immigration ban lifted">{{Cite web |title=HRC: After 22 years, HIV travel and immigration ban lifted - Steve Rothaus' Gay South Florida |url=http://miamiherald.typepad.com/gaysouthflorida/2010/01/hrc-after-22-years-hiv-travel-and-immigration-ban-lifted.html#ixzz0sxMtcovD |website=typepad.com}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2011, an ba da sanarwar cewa Joe Solmonese zai sauka a matsayin shugaban HRC bayan ƙarshen kwangilarsa a shekarar 2012. Duk da hasashe na farko cewa za a nada tsohon shugaban majalisar birni na [[Atlanta]] Cathy Woolard, ba a sanar da maye gurbinsa ba har zuwa 2 ga Maris, 2012, lokacin da aka sanar da wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Amurka don Hakkin Daidaitawa Chad Griffin a matsayin magajin Solmonese. Griffin ya hau mulki a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2012. <ref name="Griffin">{{Cite web |last=Andrew Harmon |date=March 2, 2012<!-- 10:59:03&nbsp;am ET--> |title=Chad Griffin Named President of HRC |url=http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2012/03/02/Chad_Griffin_Named_President_of_HRC/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304075113/http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2012/03/02/Chad_Griffin_Named_President_of_HRC/ |archive-date=March 4, 2012 |publisher=The Advocate}}</ref> A cikin 2012, HRC ta ce ta tara kuma ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 20 don sake zabar Shugaba Obama da kuma inganta auren jinsi guda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HRC 2012: Unprecedented Mobilization for Equality |url=https://www.hrc.org/election |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202193611/https://www.hrc.org/election/ |archive-date=February 2, 2013 |access-date=March 8, 2013}}</ref> Baya ga yakin neman zaben Obama, HRC ta kashe kudi a kan matakan zabe masu alaƙa da aure a Washington, Maine, Maryland da [[Minnesota]], da kuma zaben Sanata Tammy Baldwin na Democrat a [[Wisconsin]]. A cikin 2013, HRC ta gudanar da kamfen ɗin katin waya don tallafawa Dokar Rashin Nuna Bambanci ta Aiki (ENDA). A cikin 2019, HRC ta haɗu tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin addini 42 da ƙawance wajen ba da sanarwar adawa da Project Blitz, yunƙurin haɗin gwiwar kungiyoyin kare hakkin Kirista don yin tasiri ga dokokin jiha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement from 43 National Organizations United in Opposition to Project Blitz and Similar Legislative Efforts |url=https://www.au.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/Organizations%20Opposed%20To%20Project%20Blitz%202.1.19.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204181049/https://www.au.org/sites/default/files/2019-02/Organizations%20Opposed%20To%20Project%20Blitz%202.1.19.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=4 February 2019 |website=Americans United for the Separation of Church and State}}</ref> A watan Mayu 2020, HRC ta amince da tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban kasa [[Joe Biden]] a zaben shugaban Amurka na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mucha |first=Sarah |date=2020-05-06 |title=Human Rights Campaign endorses Biden on anniversary of his support for same-sex marriage {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/06/politics/human-rights-campaign-endorses-joe-biden/index.html |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> A cikin watan Yuni 2023, HRC ta ayyana "yanayin gaggawa na kasa" ga mutanen LGBT biyo bayan sauye-sauye na dokokin LGBT da aka kafa a yawancin jihohin Amurka a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=LGBTQ+ Americans are under attack, Human Rights Campaign declares in state of emergency warning |url=https://apnews.com/article/lgbtq-emergency-human-rights-campaign-guidebook-5a1195f8a6759bdfd37cd7f5a6c5ee34 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Migdon |first=Brooke |date=2023-06-06 |title=Human Rights Campaign declares national state of emergency for LGBTQ people |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/4036415-human-rights-campaign-declares-national-state-of-emergency-for-lgbtq-people/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606170438/https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/4036415-human-rights-campaign-declares-national-state-of-emergency-for-lgbtq-people/ |archive-date=June 6, 2023 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> === Daraktoci, shugabanni, da Shugabannin === Da farko da wanda ya kafa, mafi girman matsayi a cikin kungiyar shine Babban Darakta. Tun daga shekara ta 2004, an canja matsayin zuwa Shugaba da Shugaba. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de;" !Shekaru !Sunan |- |  1980–1983&nbsp; |Steve Endean<ref name="about"/> |- |  1983–1989&nbsp; |Vic Basile |- |  1989–1995&nbsp; |Tim McFeeley |- |  1995–2004&nbsp; |Elizabeth Birch<ref name="Birch"/> |- |  2004–2004&nbsp; |Cheryl Jacques |- |  2005–2012&nbsp; |Joe Solmonese |- |  2012–2019&nbsp; |Chad Griffin<ref name="Griffin"/> |- |  2019–2021&nbsp; |Alphonso David |- |  2022–&nbsp; |Kelley Robinson |} === Kudin === Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, kasafin kudin shekara na HRC ya kai dala miliyan 44.6, kuma abin kashewa a shekara ya kai dala miliyan 44.3. Kowace shekara tun 1997, HRC ta dauki bakuncin abincin dare na kasa wanda ke aiki a matsayin babbar kungiyar ta shekara-shekara. A shekara ta 2009, Shugaba [[Barack Obama]] ya yi magana a bikin cin abincin dare na shekara-shekara na 13 na HRC. A cikin jawabinsa, Shugaba Obama ya sake tabbatar da alkawarinsa na soke "Kada ku tambayi, kada ku gaya" da Dokar Tsaro ta Aure (DOMA), da kuma jajircewarsa na zartar da Dokar Rashin Nuna Bambanci ga Aiki. Ya ba da jawabin jawabi a cikin 2011, yana sake jaddada alkawarinsa na yin gwagwarmaya don soke DOMA da kuma wucewar ENDA, da kuma yaki da zalunci ga matasa LGBT. Sauran masu magana da aka nuna a abincin dare da suka gabata sun haɗa da [[Bill Clinton]], [[Maya Angelou]], Kweisi Mfume, Joseph Lieberman, [[Hillary Clinton]], Richard Gephardt, John Lewis, Rosie O'Donnell, [[Nancy polosi|Nancy Pelosi]], Tim Gunn, Suze Orman, Sally Field, Cory Booker, Tammy Baldwin, da Betty DeGeneres.<ref name="previous dinners">{{Cite web |title=About the Dinner: Previous Dinners |url=http://www.hrcnationaldinner.org/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810211459/https://hrcnationaldinner.org/about/ |archive-date=August 10, 2020 |access-date=February 22, 2012 |publisher=hrcnationaldinner.org}}</ref> === Tarihin tarihi na HRC === The historical records of the Human Rights Campaign are maintained in a collection at the Cornell University Library. Arriving at Cornell in 2004, the records include strategic planning documents, faxes, minutes, e-mails, press releases, posters, and campaign buttons. Taking up {{Convert|84|cuft|m3}}, the archive is the second largest in the library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Human Sexuality Collection. In February 2007, the archive was opened to scholars at the library, and selected records were organized into an online exhibit called "25 Years of Political Influence: The Records of the Human Rights Campaign".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowery |first=George |date=January 30, 2007 |title=25 years of gay-rights struggles traced in online exhibit |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2007/01/25-years-gay-rights-struggles-traced-online-exhibit |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Cornell University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=25 Years of Political Influence: The Records of the Human Rights Campaign |url=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/HRC/index.html |access-date=April 27, 2021 |website=[[Cornell University Library]]}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye da matsayi == A cewar kungiyar, Gangamin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam "an shirya shi ne don ayyukan agaji da ilimi na inganta ilimin jama'a da jin dadin 'yan madigo, gay, bisexual da transgender al'umma."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission Statement |url=https://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/mission-statement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910194704/http://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/mission-statement |archive-date=10 September 2015 |access-date=16 September 2015 |publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref> Gidauniyar HRC tana ba da albarkatu kan fitowa, batutuwan transgender, batutuwan kiwon lafiya masu alaƙa da LGBT, da kuma bayani game da batutuwan wurin aiki da mutanen LGBT ke fuskanta, gami da Cibiyar Daidaitawar Kasuwanci. HRC ta yi kira ga wucewar dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da aikata laifuka na ƙiyayya. Kungiyar ta goyi bayan wucewar Dokar Rigakafin Laifukan Ƙiyayya ta Matthew Shepard da James Byrd Jr., wanda ya fadada dokar aikata laifukan ƙiyayya ta tarayya don ba da damar Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta bincika da kuma gurfanar da laifuka da suka haifar da ainihin ko abin da aka azabtar, Jima'i, asalin jinsi, ko nakasa. Aikin kungiyar kan harkokin kiwon lafiya bisa al'ada ya mayar da hankali ne kan magance cutar kanjamau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, HRC ta magance wariya a cikin saitunan kiwon lafiya ga ma'aikatan LGBT, marasa lafiya da iyalansu. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, Gidauniyar Kamfen Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta buga “Index Daidaita Daidaitaccen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama’a”, wanda ke kimanta asibitoci kan batutuwa kamar manufofin rashin nuna wariya da haƙuri da ma’aikata, horar da cancantar al’adun ma’aikata, da haƙƙin ziyartar asibiti ga iyalan majinyatan LGBT. 'Yan gwagwarmaya daga Yakin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam sun yi aiki tare da Gwamnatin Obama don fadada haƙƙin ziyarar asibiti ga abokan jima'i. HRC ta yi kira sosai don soke dokar Don't Ask Don't Tell (DADT), wanda ya hana 'yan luwadi da' yan mata yin aiki a bayyane a cikin sojojin Amurka. HRC ta shigar da kara a kotunan jihohi da na tarayya suna hamayya da dokar "hana wasanni masu canza jinsi" a Florida a cikin 2021, a yunƙurin hana dokar ta fara aiki (wanda ake kira "rullification") a tsakar dare 1 ga Yuli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2021 |title=Human Rights Campaign will sue Florida over anti-transgender sports ban |url=https://www.metroweekly.com/2021/06/human-rights-campaign-promises-to-sue-after-florida-governor-signs-trans-sports-ban-into-law/}}</ref> == Alamar == Alamar hukuma ta HRC, wacce aka karɓa a shekarar 1995, ta ƙunshi alamar rawaya daidai da aka ɗora a kan bango mai launin shudi. An kirkiro tambarin ne a shekarar 1995 ta kamfanin zane Stone Yamashita . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Our Logo |url=https://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/about-our-logo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112082857/http://www.hrc.org/the-hrc-story/about-our-logo |archive-date=2015-11-12 |access-date=2018-07-02 |publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref> Alamar da ta gabata da HRC ta yi amfani da ita (wanda aka sani da HRCF) ta ƙunshi fitilar wuta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old HRCF logo on lapel |url=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/HRC/exhibition/images/570pxw/REX023_091.jpg |publisher=Cornell University}}</ref> HRC tana amfani da kalmar Equality Flag don tutar da ke ɗauke da tambarin su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Equality Flag |url=https://shop.hrc.org/hrc-equality-flag.html |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=shop.hrc.org |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Equality_flag.svg|right|thumb|200x200px|Alamar daidaito ta dogara ne akan tambarin HRC. Yana tashi daga hedikwatar HRC.]] === Alamar auren jinsi guda === [[Fayil:HRC_logo_red.svg|right|thumb|Alamar alamar HRC daidai ta sake aiki a ja da ruwan hoda don nuna takamaiman goyon baya ga auren jinsi ɗaya.]] HRC ta raba jajayen tambarin ta - wanda darektan tallace-tallace Anastasia Khoo ya zaba saboda launin yana kama da soyayya - akan ayyukan sadarwar zamantakewa a ranar 25 ga Maris, 2013, kuma ta nemi magoya bayanta da su yi haka don nuna goyon baya ga auren jinsi bisa la'akari da kararraki biyu da suka kasance a gaban Kotun Koli ta Amurka (Amurka v Windsor da Hollingsworth v. Tambarin ya tafi hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, kuma Facebook ya ga karuwar 120% a cikin adadin canje-canjen hoton bayanan martaba a ranar 26 ga Maris. Shahararrun mutane irin su George Takei, Beyonce, Sophia Bush, Padma Lakshmi, Martha Stewart, Macklemore, Ryan Lewis da Ellen DeGeneres sun raba tambarin tare da miliyoyin mabiyan su akan ayyukan sadarwar zamantakewa da kuma 'yan siyasa kamar Sanata Claireller (DW) (D.D. McCayD). (D-NC) ya yi haka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alison Starling |date=3 November 2014 |title=Working Women: Anastasia Khoo builds viral content for Human Rights Campaign |url=http://wjla.com/features/working-women/working-women-anastasia-khoo-builds-viral-content-for-human-rights-campaign-108694 |website=wjla.com}}</ref> Kamfanoni da kamfanoni sun nuna goyon bayansu ga auren jima'i tare da yin nishaɗin jan tambarin HRC. Magoya bayan sun hada da Bud Light, Bonobos, Fab.com, Kenneth Cole, L'Occitane en Provence, Maybelline, Absolut, Marc Jacobs International, Smirnoff, Martha Stewart Weddings, da HBO's True Blood. Manyan kafofin yada labarai na kan layi sun ba da rahoton nasarar kamfen ɗin kwayar cuta, gami da MSNBC, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maresca |first=Cara |date=26 March 2013 |title=Seeing red: Symbol for marriage equality goes viral |url=http://tv.msnbc.com/2013/03/26/seeing-red-human-rights-campaigns-marriage-equality-logo-goes-viral |access-date=April 18, 2013 |publisher=MSNBC |archive-date=5 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805195216/http://tv.msnbc.com/2013/03/26/seeing-red-human-rights-campaigns-marriage-equality-logo-goes-viral/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Time, Mashable, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Zoe |date=26 March 2013 |title=Facebook Turns Red as SCOTUS Marriage Equality Hearings Begin |url=http://mashable.com/2013/03/26/facebook-red-marriage-equality/ |access-date=April 18, 2013 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> da The Wall Street Journal. == Rashin amincewa da jayayya == Masu suka sun ɗauki HRC zuwa aiki don yanayin aiki. A cikin kaka na 2014, HRC ta ba da izini ga masu ba da shawara a waje don gudanar da jerin ƙungiyoyin mayar da hankali da bincike tare da ma'aikatan ƙungiyar. A cikin rahoton, wanda BuzzFeed News ya samu, ma'aikatan kungiyar sun bayyana yanayin aiki a HRC a matsayin "hukunci", "wasuwa", "jima'i", da "mai kama da juna". Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "al'adar shugabanci tana da alaƙa da juna - gay, farar fata, namiji." Da yake amincewa da rahoton, shugaban HRC Chad Griffin ya ce: "Kamar kungiyoyi da kamfanoni da yawa a fadin kasarmu, HRC ta fara aiwatar da tunani mai zurfi da rarrabuwar kawuna da hada kai tare da manufar wakilcin al'ummomin da muke yi wa hidima. A watan Agustan 2015, Pride at Work, wani bangare na LGBT na AFL-CIO, ya amince da ƙudurin da cewa membobin su dakatar da HRC ta HRC ta hanyar tallafawa har sai ƙungiyar Pride ta fuskanci matsalolin da HRC Pride ta Pride ta HRC. An zargi HRC da wuce gona da iri yawan ainihin mambobinta don su kasance masu tasiri a siyasa.<ref name="Cookbook">{{Cite web |title=Citizen Crain: Cooking the books at HRC |url=http://citizenchris.typepad.com/citizenchris/2007/03/the_nations_lar.html |website=typepad.com |access-date=2025-07-24 |archive-date=2011-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013192751/http://citizenchris.typepad.com/citizenchris/2007/03/the_nations_lar.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HRC Responds |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/03/hrc_responds_1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130072339/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/03/hrc_responds_1.html |archive-date=2011-01-30 |access-date=2008-01-30 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Tsohon shugaban HRC Joe Solmonese ya amsa, yana mai cewa "[membership yana da fiye da gudummawa ... ba game da aika imel ga zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai ba, lokacin sa kai ko lobbying membobin Majalisa" kuma fiye da rabin membobinta sun ba da gudummawar a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.[m][i]<ref name="$1">{{Cite web |last=Koval |first=Steve |date=May 6, 2005 |title=HRC 'Members' Include All Who Ever Donated $1 |url=http://washingtonblade.com/2005/5-6/news/national/members.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907170419/http://washingtonblade.com/2005/5-6/news/national/members.cfm |archive-date=September 7, 2008 |access-date=April 27, 2021 |website=Washington Blade}}</ref> Tun da farko, mai magana da yawun HRC Steven Fisher ya bayyana cewa membobinta sun haɗa da duk wanda ya ba da gudummawa aƙalla $ 1.<ref name="$1" />&nbsp; Har ila yau, an soki HRC saboda yawan albashi na zartarwa. === Dokar Rashin Nuna Bambanci ta Aiki === Wasu mutanen da ke canza launin fata sun soki HRC saboda matsayinta a kan sigar ENDA ta 2007, wanda a lokacin ya haɗa da jima'i a matsayin wani yanki mai kariya amma ba asalin jinsi da bayyanawa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schindler |first=Paul |date=October 4, 2007 |title=HRC Alone in Eschewing No-Compromise Stand |url=http://www.gaycitynews.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18883568&BRD=2729&PAG=461&dept_id=568864&rfi=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409024947/http://www.gaycitynews.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18883568&BRD=2729&PAG=461&dept_id=568864&rfi=6 |archive-date=April 9, 2008 |access-date=June 16, 2025 |website=Gay City}}</ref> Da zarar Rep. Barney Frank ya gabatar da dokar, HRC a hukumance ba ta yi tsayayya ko tallafawa ba. Wannan ya biyo bayan jawabin tsohon shugaban HRC Joe Solmonese a taron ta'aziyya na Kudancin a watan da ya gabata, inda ya ce HRC "ya yi tsayayya da duk wata doka da ba ta da cikakkiyar fahimta".[d]{{Sic|fully|-}} HRC daga baya ya bayyana cewa ba zai iya tallafawa lissafin da ba ya haɗa kai, amma bai yi tsayayya da shi ba saboda dokar za ta ci gaba da ƙoƙari na dogon lokaci don wuce ENDA mai haɗa kai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandeen |first=Autumn |title=ENDA Passed Without "Real Or Perceived Gender" Protections |url=http://pamshouseblend.firedoglake.com/2007/11/07/enda-passed-without-real-or-perceived-gender-protections/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702201158/http://pamshouseblend.firedoglake.com/2007/11/07/enda-passed-without-real-or-perceived-gender-protections/ |archive-date=July 2, 2015 |access-date=February 22, 2012 |publisher=pamhouseblend.com}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin wata wasika ga Wakilan Amurka, HRC ta nuna goyon baya ga lissafin, tana mai bayyana cewa yayin da HRC ke "da matukar takaici cewa sigar ENDA ta yanzu ba ta da cikakkiyar fahimta ... muna godiya ga kokarin da abokanmu ... ko da lokacin da aka tilasta su ... don samun ci gaba wanda aka auna ta inci maimakon yadudduka. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2015 |title=Leadership Conference on Civil Rights |url=http://www.pamspaulding.com/graphics/LCCR_ENDA_+Letter.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924063629/http://www.pamspaulding.com/graphics/LCCR_ENDA_%20Letter.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; === Rashin aiki na jama'a na 2025 === A yammacin ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2025, HRC ta sanar da ma'aikata cewa kungiyar za ta kori kusan kashi 20% na dukkan ma'aikata a duk matakai, sassan, da shirye-shirye. A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2025, an sanar da ma’aikatan da abin ya shafa idan an sallame su. Adadin ma'aikata na ƙarshe ya zarce adadi na 20% da aka bayar don latsawa, gami da yanke cikakken shirye-shiryen HRC da aka mayar da hankali kan masu canza jinsi da matasa, da kuma shugaban ƙungiyar DEI ta cikin gida. A cikin wata hira, wani ma’aikacin ya ce, “Don kauce wa kora daga aiki, mun binciko matakai daban-daban na ceton farashi, tun daga karkata zuwa ga matsananciyar matsawa kudaden shiga da kuma tantance kudaden da ake kashewa na shirin, amma a karshe, dalilai na dabaru da na kasafin kudi” sun kai mu ga wannan sake fasalin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Major layoffs coming at Human Rights Campaign |url=https://www.advocate.com/news/human-rights-campaign-layoffs |website=www.advocate.com}}</ref> Tsarin kungiyar na 990 daga 2023 ya nuna cewa an biya shugaban HRC Kelley Robinson kusan $ 750,000 a 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax |url=https://hrc-prod-requests.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/files/documents/HRC-2023-Tax-Form-990-Public-Disclosure-Copy-for-FYE-3-31-2024.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321174438/https://hrc-prod-requests.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/files/documents/HRC-2023-Tax-Form-990-Public-Disclosure-Copy-for-FYE-3-31-2024.pdf |archive-date=March 21, 2025 |access-date=June 16, 2025 |publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref> An karfafa ma'aikatan da suka tashi don sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kyau tare da ƙarin kuɗin biyan kuɗi na wata ɗaya, da kuma ƙarin wata ɗaya na ɗaukar lafiya. Wannan sallamar ta jawo babban zargi daga al'ummar LGBTQ +, tare da ɗan jarida James Factora yana lura da muhimmancin lokacin sallamar a cikin kwanaki 100 na farko na gwamnatin Trump ta biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Factora |first=James |date=February 5, 2025 |title=Amid Trump's Attacks on LGBTQ+ People, the Human Rights Campaign Is Laying Off 20% of Staff |url=https://www.them.us/story/human-rights-campaign-layoffs-restructuring-lgbtq-rights-organization |website=Them}}</ref> === Matsayin kungiyar a kan Isra'ila da Falasdinu === An soki HRC [./Human_Rights_Campaign#cite_note-74 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>] saboda gazawar da ta yi na kiran tsagaita wuta a Gaza Strip, da kuma zargin cewa manyan shugabannin suna yin shiru da sukar da aka yi game da matsayin HRC game da rikicin Isra'ila da Palasdinawa. An yi zargin cewa maganganun hukuma daga kungiyar sun rage tasirin mamayar a kan Palasdinawa, kuma sun mai da hankali kan tasirin rikicin a kan Amurkawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Middle East Crisis |url=https://www.hrc.org/campaigns/middle-east |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=Human Rights Campaign |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616144157/https://www.hrc.org/campaigns/middle-east |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2024, 'yan jarida kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga su Samantha Riedel sun buga wani rahoto mai tsawo wanda ya ɗaga asusun da yawa na korar kungiyar da kuma fitar da ma'aikatan masu adawa da Zionist da suka koma baya aƙalla shekaru goma.<ref name="m459">{{Cite web |last=riedel |first=samantha |date=2024-06-06 |title="EXCLUSIVE: Human Rights Campaign Leadership Suppressed Pro-Palestine Organizers & Rejected Calls for Ceasefire, Staff Say" |url=https://cohost.org/samanthaistyping/post/6295458-exclusive-human-rig |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221023641/https://cohost.org/samanthaistyping/post/6295458-exclusive-human-rig |archive-date=2024-12-21 |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=samantha riedel on cohost}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2024, zanga-zangar da ACT UP New York ta shirya ta faru a waje da Kamfen na Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na 2024 Greater New York Dinner a Manhattan. Masu zanga-zangar sun yi tir da karɓar gudummawar HRC daga Northrop Grumman, mai kera makamai wanda ke ba da makamai ga Sojojin Isra'ila a lokacin mamayar Isra'ila ta Gaza. Masu zanga-zangar sun kuma bukaci jagorancin HRC da su yi kira a fili don kawo karshen harin bam na Isra'ila a Gaza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2024 |title=LGBTQ+ Protestors Call Out Human Rights Campaign's Ties to Weapons Manufacturer |url=https://www.them.us/story/human-rights-campaign-northrop-grumman-gala-protest |access-date=March 18, 2024 |website=[[Them (website)|Them]]}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka faru na HRC suna ci gaba da fuskantar zanga-zangar daga membobin al'ummar LGBTQ + da ke buƙatar kungiyar ta kawo karshen alakarta da masana'antun makamai kuma ta tsaya cikin hadin kai da Falasdinu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=2024-03-24 |title=Jill Biden's Human Rights Campaign Keynote Address Disrupted by Protesters of Israel-Hamas War |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/politics-news/jill-biden-human-rights-campaign-dinner-disrupted-protesters-1235859083/ |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ƙarfafawa === An soki HRC saboda goyon bayan Jam'iyyar Democrat da kuma amincewa da 'yan takarar Republican. Andrew Sullivan, marubucin jaridar siyasa kuma mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, ya kira HRC " reshe na goyon bayan jam'iyyar Democrat. " <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2007 |title=The Human Rights Campaign (Blech) |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/02/the_human_right.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312173523/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/02/the_human_right.html |archive-date=March 12, 2007 |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=[[The Atlantic Monthly]]}}</ref> Koyaya, HRC ta kuma sami martani da zargi ga ga zabuka da yawa na 'yan takarar Republican lokacin da abokan adawarsu na Democrat suka ci nasara a kan HRC ta kanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2007 |title=My Alliance with the Christianists |url=http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/03/my_alliance_wit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305062703/http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/03/my_alliance_wit.html |archive-date=March 5, 2009 |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref name="The D'Amato Factor">{{Cite journal |date=July 18, 2000 |title=The D'Amato Factor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2MEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72 |journal=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] |access-date=April 29, 2021}}</ref> ==== Tallafin 'yan Republican ==== An soki HRC saboda amincewa da Al D'Amato dan jam'iyyar Republican New York a yakin neman zabensa na 1998 na sake tsayawa takara a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka. HRC ta kare amincewar ne saboda goyon bayan D'Amato ga Dokar Ba da Wariya ta Aiki (ENDA) da kuma soke "Kada ku Tambayi, Kar ku Fada". Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin shugabannin LGBT masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun nuna adawa da ra'ayin D'Amato na ra'ayin mazan jiya, ciki har da adawarsa ga matakin tabbatar da zubar da ciki, kuma suna tunanin cewa ya kamata HRC ta ɗauki waɗannan matsayi yayin yanke shawarar amincewa.<ref name="The D'Amato Factor"/> A cikin shekara ta 2014, an zabi Shenna Bellows mai goyon bayan auren jinsi guda na dogon lokaci don kujerar Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a Maine. HRC ta amince da abokin hamayyarta, Sanata Susan Collins, wanda a baya ba shi da tarihin tallafawa shirye-shiryen auren jinsi guda. Koyaya, Collins daga baya ta bayyana ra'ayinta na tallafawa auren ɗan luwaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 26, 2016 |title=Collins supports same-sex marriage |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/06/susan-collins-supports-same-sex-marriage-108339 |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=Politico |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Maris, 2016, HRC ta kada kuri'a don amincewa da Sanata na Amurka na Republican Mark Kirk a kan wakilin jam'iyyar Democrat Tammy Duckworth a sake zabensa zuwa Majalisar Dattijan Amurka. <ref name="HRCend">{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2016 |title=Human Rights Campaign endorses Senator Mark Kirk for re-election |url=https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/human-rights-campaign-endorses-senator-mark-kirk-for-re-election |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref> Kodayake Kirk daga baya ya sanar da goyon bayansa ga auren jinsi guda, amincewar ta sadu da mamaki da zargi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da kafofin sada zumunta yayin da HRC ta ba Kirk kashi 78 cikin dari daga cikin kashi 100 a kan batutuwan LGBT, yayin da ta ba Duckworth kashi 100 cikin dari.<ref name="Advocate">{{Cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |date=March 24, 2016 |title=HRC Defends Endorsing a Republican for Senate |url=http://www.advocate.com/election/2016/3/24/hrc-defends-endorsing-republican-senate |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=The Advocate}}</ref><ref name="Huff1">{{Cite web |last=Signorile |first=Michelangelo |date=March 25, 2016 |title=How the Human Rights Campaign Is Helping the GOP to Retain the Senate |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michelangelo-signorile/how-human-rights-campaign-helping-the-gop_b_9545778.html |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref><ref name="IR">{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2016 |title=Why the nation's largest gay rights group endorsed Kirk over Duckworth |url=http://illinoisreview.typepad.com/illinoisreview/2016/03/why-the-nations-largest-gay-rights-group-endorsed-kirk-over-duckworth.html |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=Illinois Review |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128030154/https://illinoisreview.typepad.com/illinoisreview/2016/03/why-the-nations-largest-gay-rights-group-endorsed-kirk-over-duckworth.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> David Nir a Daily Kos ya kira amincewar a matsayin "mai ban tsoro kamar yadda yake kunya" da kuma "marasa tausayi da wauta", yayin da <nowiki><i id="mwAs0">Slate</i></nowiki> ya lura cewa ikon Democrat na Majalisar Dattijai ya zama dole don zartar da Dokar Daidaitawa ta 2015 kuma yana da fa'ida ga sauran batutuwan daidaito na LGBT, kuma ta haka ne zai kasance daidai da manufofin da kungiyar ta bayyana don a zabi Duckworth maimakon Kirk. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nir |first=David |date=22 March 2016 |title=Shameful: Gay rights group endorses Republican Mark Kirk over Democrat Tammy Duckworth |url=http://www.dailykos.com/story/2016/3/21/1504481/-Shameful-Gay-rights-group-endorses-Republican-Mark-Kirk-over-Democrat-Tammy-Duckworth |access-date=23 August 2016 |website=Daily Kos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stern |first=Mark J. |author-link=Mark Joseph Stern |date=22 March 2016 |title=Why Did a Major Gay Rights Group Endorse a Republican Senator Over a Pro-LGBTQ Democrat? |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2016/03/22/hrc_endorses_mark_kirk_over_tammy_duckworth.html |access-date=23 August 2016 |website=Slate}}</ref> A halin yanzu, ''Sabuwar Jamhuriyar'' ta bayyana cewa, a cikin hasken wani rahoto na ciki na baya-bayan nan da ya bayyana "babban matsalar bambancin HRC", "Zaɓin dan takarar fari a cikin wannan tseren a kan dan takarar mata na Asiya-Amurka - wanda ya faru yana da mafi kyawun rikodin jefa kuri'a ko ta yaya - tabbas shine mafi munin hanyar shawo kan masu sukar ku cewa kuna ɗaukar babban matsala da gaske. " Shugaban HRC Chad Griffin ya kare amincewar a cikin wani shafi da aka buga ta Independent Journal Review, yana kwatanta aikin sanata a madadin batutuwan daidaito na LGBT-kushe na LGBT-s, gami da daidaito na 2015. Griffin ya bayyana cewa: "Gaskiya ita ce muna buƙatar ƙarin hadin gwiwar jam'iyyun siyasa a kan batutuwan daidaito, ba ƙasa da haka ba", ya kara da cewa "lokacin da membobin Majalisa suka jefa kuri'a a hanya mai kyau kuma suka tsaya don daidaito - ba tare da la'akari da jam'iyya ba - dole ne mu tsaya tare da su. Ba za mu iya tambayar membobin Ma'aikatar su jefa kuri'ar tare da mu ba, sannan mu kuma mu juya su yi ƙoƙarin fitar da su daga ofis.<ref name="Advocate" /><ref name="IR" /> On October 28, 2016, on the day following Mark Kirk's controversial<ref name="slate1">{{Cite web |last=Stern |first=Mark Joseph |date=October 28, 2016 |title=Human Rights Campaign Maintains Endorsement of Sen. Mark Kirk After Racist Comment |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2016/10/28/human_rights_campaign_maintains_mark_kirk_endorsement_after_racist_comment.html |access-date=April 29, 2021 |website=Slate}}</ref> debate comment on Tammy Duckworth's heritage, HRC explicitly stated their endorsement of Kirk "remains unchanged" while asking him to "rescind" his comment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Jennifer Bendery]] Verified account |date=2016-10-28 |title=Jennifer Bendery on Twitter: "Human Rights Campaign standing by its Mark Kirk endorsement, but spox says he must "rescind his comments" re: Tammy Duckworth's heritage." |url=https://twitter.com/jbendery/status/792020856159375360 |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=Twitter.com}}</ref> ''Slate'' stated this proved HRC's "worst critics right" and that HRC "is simply irredeemable".<ref name="slate1" /> On October 29, two days after the comment, HRC described Kirk's statement as "deeply offensive and racist," revoked its endorsement of Kirk, and instead endorsed Duckworth for the U.S. Senate.<ref name="revoke" /> ==== Tallafawa na 'yan Democrat ==== A cikin zaben shugaban kasa na Amurka na 2016, Kwamitin Daraktocin 'Yancin Dan Adam na mutum 32 ya kada kuri'a don amincewa da [[Hillary Clinton]] a matsayin shugaban kasa. Wannan ya haifar da babbar gardama, <ref>{{Cite web |title=502 Bad Gateway nginx openresty |url=https://www.realprogressivepolitics.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629213626/https://www.realprogressivepolitics.com/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-13 |website=www.realprogressivepolitics.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2016 |title=HRC's Endorsement of Hillary Clinton Was Disingenuous and Unnecessary &#124; HuffPost |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ken-schneck-phd/hrcs-endorsement-of-hilla_b_9020898.html |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com}}</ref> wanda ya sa dubban masu amfani a shafin Facebook na HRC su sanya tsokaci game da shawarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2016 |title=How an Early Endorsement From Largest LGBT Group May Reveal Hillary Clinton's Worst Fears &#124; HuffPost |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michelangelo-signorile/this-week-the-human-right_b_9030106.html |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref name="facebook.com">{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Campaign |url=https://www.facebook.com/humanrightscampaign/posts_to_page/ |access-date=16 March 2018 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Mutane da yawa sun ambaci "kasar kwamitin majalisa" ta HRC (wanda ya rubuta darajar 100% ga abokin hamayyarta don Zaben Democrat, Bernie Sanders, yayin da Clinton kanta kawai ta sami kashi 89% ) kamar yadda bai dace da amincewarsu ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCORECARD CONGRESSIONAL - MEASURING S UPPORT F OR EQUALITY IN THE 113TH CONGRESS |url=http://hrc-assets.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com//files/assets/resources/113thCongressionalScorecard_web_REV.pdf |access-date=April 29, 2021 |publisher=Human Rights Campaign}}</ref><ref name="facebook.com" /> An kuma sanya ƙarin bincike a kan haɗin da Clinton kanta ke da shi ga kungiyar lokacin da aka bayyana cewa shugaban HRC, Chad Griffin, a baya mijin Clinton, tsohon shugaban Amurka [[Bill Clinton]] ya yi aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gorman |first=Michele |date=2015-10-03 |title=Human Rights Campaign Endorses Hillary Clinton |url=http://www.newsweek.com/human-rights-campaign-endorses-hillary-clinton-417396 |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=Newsweek.com}}</ref> A cikin zaben gwamna na New York na 2018, Kamfen na 'Yancin Dan Adam ya amince da gwamnan da ke kan mulki Andrew Cuomo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Campaign |first=Human Rights |date=31 January 2018 |title=HRC Endorses Gov. Cuomo for Re-Election {{!}} Human Rights Campaign |url=https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/hrc-endorses-gov-cuomo-for-re-election-announces-cuomo-will-address-nyc-ga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801180020/https://www.hrc.org/press/hrc-endorses-gov.-cuomo-for-re-election-announces-cuomo-will-address-nyc-ga |archive-date=2020-08-01 |access-date=2018-09-04 |website=Human Rights Campaign |language=en}}</ref> Koyaya, Cynthia Nixon, wacce take da jima'i biyu, ta sanar da cewa tana gudana a ranar 25 ga Maris, 2018. Duk da wannan, HRC har yanzu tana tallafawa Cuomo. A mayar da martani, HRC ta sami zargi saboda rashin tallafawa dan takarar LGBTQ +, da kuma tallafawa abokin hamayyarta a maimakon haka. Jimmy Van Bramer, memba na Majalisar [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] wanda ya goyi bayan Nixon, ya ce, "HRC ta cutar da damar Cynthia Nixon," kuma cewa "bayyanawa da mace mai ci gaba mai ci gaba shine abu mara kyau da za a yi". === Alphonso David da Gwamna Andrew Cuomo === Wani rahoto da aka fitar a watan Agustan 2021 biyo bayan wani bincike mai zaman kansa wanda Babban Lauyan New York Letitia "Tish" James ya jagoranta ya bayyana kokarin da shugaban HRC na lokacin Alphonso David ya yi na rufe ikirarin cin zarafin jima'i a kan Gwamna Andrew Cuomo (kafin ya shiga HRC, David ya kasance babban lauya ga Cuomo) kuma ya lalata amincin masu tuhuma. David ya yi zargin ya saki cikakken fayil ɗin ma'aikata na mai tuhuma (kuma tsohon mai ba da shawara na Cuomo) Lindsey Boylan zuwa ofishin gwamnan. Daga nan ne aka ɓoye fayil dinta ga manema labarai. David ya kuma taimaka wajen rubuta wata wasika da ba a buga ba don tallafawa Cuomo da kuma tambayar dalilin Boylan. A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2021, an kori David a matsayin shugaban HRC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |date=2021-09-06 |title=Alphonso David, Who Advised Cuomo, Fired as Human Rights Campaign President |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/06/us/politics/alphonso-david-human-rights-campaign-cuomo.html |access-date=2021-09-06 |website=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2022, David ya shigar da kara a kan Yakin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, yana zargin nuna bambanci. Ya yi jayayya cewa kungiyar ta biya shi kadan kuma daga ƙarshe ta kore shi saboda tserensa, yayin da yake cewa kungiyar tana da "sunan da ya cancanci rashin daidaito ga ma'aikatanta marasa fata". == Kyaututtuka == Kamfen din kare hakkin dan adam yana ba da kyaututtuka da yawa. === Wadanda suka lashe kyautar Visibility === * Dan Levy (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: 'Schitt's Creek' star Dan Levy to receive Human Rights Campaign's Visibility Award |url=https://ew.com/awards/2020/01/27/schitts-creek-dan-levy-human-rights-campaign-hrc-visibility-award/ |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=EW.com |language=EN}}</ref> * Liv Hewon (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Campaign |first=Human Rights |date=3 February 2020 |title=HRC to Honor Liv Hewson at the 2020 HRC Austin Gala Dinner |url=https://www.hrc.org/news/hrc-to-honor-liv-hewson-with-the-visibility-award-at-2020-hrc-austin-gala |access-date=2020-02-03 |website=Human Rights Campaign |language=en}}</ref> * Amandla Stenberg (2019, New York) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Matt |date=2019-01-13 |title=Amandla Stenberg to be honoured for her fight for LGBTQ equality |url=https://www.gaytimes.com/culture/amandla-stenberg-to-be-honoured-for-her-fight-for-lgbtq-equality/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=GAY TIMES |language=en-US}}</ref> * Cynthia Nixon (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Suzy |date=2018-02-05 |title=Cynthia Nixon, Audra McDonald Honored at HRC Gala |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/cynthia-nixon-audra-mcdonald-honored-at-hrc-gala-1081544/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> * Evan Rachel Wood (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-08 |title=Evan Rachel Wood Receives the HRC Visibility Award |url=http://bicommunitynews.co.uk/5563/evan-rachel-wood-receives-hrc-visibility-award/ |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=Bi Community News}}</ref> * John Barrowman (2016) * Colton Haynes (2016) * Kesha (2016, Nashville) * Clea Duvall (2015) * Greg Rikaart (2014, Kasa) * Jonathan Del Arco (2013, Kasa) * Lana Wachowski (2012, San Francisco) * Lee Daniels (2010, na kasa) * Johnny Weir (2010, Seattle) === Ally for Equality Award winners === * Kathryn Hahn (2024) * Christina Aguilera (2019) * Nick Robinson (2018) * [[Meryl Streep]] (2017) * LeAnn Rimes (2017) * [[Uzo Aduba]] (2017) * Kathryn Hahn (2016) * Sherri Saum (2016) * Brittany Snow (2015) don Ƙauna ta fi Girma''Ƙauna ta Ƙara'' * Natasha Lyonne (2015) * Teri Polo (2015) * Sara Ramirez (2015, Arizona) * [[Jennifer Lopez]] (2014, na kasa), * Whoopi Goldberg (2013, Kasa) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tungol |first=J. R. |date=2013-01-15 |title=Whoopi Goldberg To Be Honored By HRC |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/whoopi-goldberg-hrc-ally-for-equality-lgbt-rights_n_2479146 |access-date=2020-10-14 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> * Sally Field (2012, na kasa), Jennifer Beals (2012, Chicago) * Michael Bloomberg (2011, na kasa) * P!nk (2010) === Kyautar Daidaitawa === * Seth Meyers (2017, na kasa) * NAACP da shugabanta, Ben Jealous (2012, National) * Suze Orman (2008, Kasa) ; Kyautar HRC don Sabuntawa na Daidaitawa a Wurin aiki * Monsanto (2017) * Boston Consulting Group da Goldman Sachs (2011, National) * Kimpton Hotels &amp;amp; Restaurants da Credit Suisse (2010) * Kirkland &amp;amp; Ellis LLP da Boeing (2009, National) == Dubi kuma == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2dy51wfwvlssq0comvxc2zp4iz69klk 0 107960 890397 838043 2026-08-02T04:26:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890397 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Wisconsin_ref_2001.jpg|thumb|Taswirar Wisconsin gaba ɗaya]] [[Wisconsin]], wata jiha a Midwestern Amurka, tana da babban yanki daban-daban da aka sani da siffofin da glaciers suka kirkira a lokacin Wisconsin glaciation shekaru 17,000 da suka gabata. Ana iya raba [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|jihar]] zuwa yankuna biyar - Lake Superior Lowland, Northern Highland, Central Plain, Eastern Ridges & Lowlands, da Western Upland. Yankin kudu maso yammacin jihar, wanda ba a rufe shi da [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|kankara]] a lokacin zamanin kankara na baya-bayan nan, an san shi da Yankin Driftless . Gilashin Wisconsin ya kafa Wisconsin Dells, Devil's Lake, da Kettle Moraine. Ana kare yankuna da yawa a cikin jihar, gami da Devil's Lake State Park, da Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, da Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. Wisconsin has a humid continental climate across the entire state, with four distinct seasons. Temperatures typically range from a high of {{Convert|80|°F|°C}} in the summer months to a low of {{Convert|5|°F|°C}} in the winter months. The state is bounded by several rivers—the [[Mississippi (kogi)|Mississippi]], St. Croix, and Menominee rivers—and lakes Michigan and Superior. Wisconsin has an average elevation of {{Convert|1050|ft|m}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Elevation Ranking (by mean elevation) from NETSTATE.COM |url=https://www.netstate.com/states/tables/state_elevation_mean.htm |access-date=2021-10-17 |website=www.netstate.com |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202143805/https://www.netstate.com/states/tables/state_elevation_mean.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is the 23rd-largest in the country, with an area of {{Convert|65,496|sqmi|km2}}. == Wurin da girmansa == [[Fayil:Map_of_USA_WI.svg|thumb|Yanayin Wisconsin a Amurka]] Wisconsin is located in the East North Central United States, and is considered to be a part of the Midwest. The state has a total area of {{Convert|65,496|sqmi|km2}}, making it the 23rd largest U.S. State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wisconsin Geography Trivia – State Cartographer's Office – UW–Madison |url=https://www.sco.wisc.edu/wisconsin/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120173719/https://www.sco.wisc.edu/wisconsin/geography/ |archive-date=2021-01-20 |access-date=2021-03-25 |website=www.sco.wisc.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019110435/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-19 |access-date=2021-03-25 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Of this area, 17% is water, primarily Lake Michigan, Superior, and the many inland lakes in Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Wet Is Your State? The Water Area of Each State |url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/how-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005081440/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/how-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state |archive-date=2021-10-05 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=www.usgs.gov}}</ref> Wisconsin tana da iyaka da Lake Superior da [[Michigan]] zuwa arewa; da Lake Michigan zuwa gabas; da [[Illinois]] zuwa kudu; da [[Iowa]] zuwa kudu maso yamma da [[Minnesota]] zuwa arewa maso yamma. An warware takaddamar kan iyaka da Michigan ta hanyar shari'o'i biyu, duka Wisconsin v. Michigan, a cikin 1935 da 1936. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohde |first=William C. |title=Wisconsin–Upper Michigan State Boundary Surveys |url=http://www.wsls.org:80/wis-mich.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925153615/http://www.wsls.org:80/wis-mich.htm |archive-date=2009-09-25 |access-date=September 29, 2008 |publisher=Wisconsin Society of Land Surveyors}}</ref> Yankunan jihar sun hada da Kogin Mississippi da St. Croix a yamma, da Kogin Menominee da Montreal a arewa. Jihar tana cikin Yankin Lokaci na Tsakiya (UTC-6). <ref>{{Cite web |title=North American Time Zones |url=http://nist.time.gov/images/US_time_zones.gif |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607173353/http://nist.time.gov/images/US_time_zones.gif |archive-date=June 7, 2015 |access-date=2008-09-30 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> The point farthest from the state border ({{Convert|94.24|mi|km}}) is about {{Convert|15|mi|km}} southwest of Wausau at <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|44.8824|N|89.912|W|region:US-WI_type:landmark}}. [[Fayil:Wisconsin-counties-map.gif|thumb|Yankunan Wisconsin]] == Yanayin ɗan adam ==   Ya zuwa kididdigar 2020, Wisconsin tana da yawan mutane 5,893,718, kuma ta kasance ta 27 a Amurka a yawan jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |access-date=May 1, 2021 |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Population Density Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/density-data-text.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003034332/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/density-data-text.html |archive-date=2021-10-03 |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=Census.gov |language=EN-US}}</ref> cibiyar yawan jama'a tana cikin Green Lake County, a cikin garin [[Markesan, Wisconsin|Markesan]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Population and Population Centers by State – 2000 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705075500/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-date=July 5, 2013 |access-date=2007-08-18 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Wisconsin is divided into 72 counties, and has 190 cities, 407 villages, and 1250 towns. Approximately 939,489 residents live in Milwaukee County, making it both the most populous and most densely populated county. Most of its residents live in the city of Milwaukee, which is the most populous city in the state.<ref name="cen">{{Cite web |title=Wisconsin QuickFacts |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303055517/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55000.html |archive-date=2013-03-03 |access-date=2013-03-04 |website=U.S. Census Bureau}} (2010 Census)</ref> Madison, in Dane County, is the capital of the state. Dane County has 561,504 residents, making it the second-most populous.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Dane County, Wisconsin Demographics and Housing 2020 Decennial Census |url=https://data.tallahassee.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/dane_county_wisconsin/050-55025/?vtb=place |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813163758/https://data.tallahassee.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/dane_county_wisconsin/050-55025/?vtb=place |archive-date=2021-08-13 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=Tallahassee Democrat |language=en}}</ref> Marathon County is the largest in area, having {{Convert|1,544.91|sqmi|sqkm}}.<ref name="GR1">{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2012 |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files |url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_55.txt |access-date=August 6, 2015 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> This county contains the 45°N, 90°W point, one of four points that are halfway between both the poles and equator, and between both the Prime and 180th meridian. The location is noted by a metal ground marker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=45 X 90 Geographical Marker |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/45-x-90-geographical-marker |access-date=2017-11-04 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> == Yanayi == [[Fayil:Köppen_Climate_Types_Wisconsin.png|thumb|Nau'ikan yanayi na Köppen na Wisconsin, ta amfani da yanayin yanayi na 1991-2020.]] Yawancin Wisconsin suna da yanayin zafi mai zafi (Köppen ''Dfb''), yayin da yankunan kudanci da kudu maso yammacin ake rarraba su a matsayin yanayin zafi mai sanyi (Köpp ''Dfa''). Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a cikin jihar ya kasance a cikin Wisconsin Dells, a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1936, inda ya kai {{Convert|114|F|C}} ° F (46 ° C). Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin ya kasance a ƙauyen Couderay, inda ya kai -55 ° F (-48 ° C) a ranar 2 da 4 ga Fabrairu, 1996. <ref name="uwexclimate">{{Cite web |last=Benedetti |first=Michael |title=Climate of Wisconsin |url=http://www.uwex.edu/sco/stateclimate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117094615/http://www.uwex.edu/sco/stateclimate.html |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |access-date=March 16, 2007 |publisher=The University of Wisconsin–Extension}}</ref> Matsakaicin [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga inci 28 (710 zuwa inci 34 (860 . Har ila yau, jihar tana karɓar babban dusar ƙanƙara na yau da kullun, matsakaicin kusan inci 40 (100 a cikin sassan kudanci, tare da har zuwa inci 160 (410 a kowace shekara a cikin Lake Superior snowbelt a kowace shekara.<ref name="uwexclimate"/><div style="width:85%;">{{Weather box}}</div> == Yankunan ƙasa ==   [[Fayil:Wisconsin_geographic_provinces.svg|left|thumb|Wisconsin ta kasu kashi biyar.]] Wisconsin, wanda ke tsakanin Great Lakes da Kogin Mississippi, gida ne ga siffofi daban-daban na ƙasa. Ana iya raba jihar zuwa yankuna biyar daban-daban - Lake Superior Lowland, Northern Highland, Central Plain, Western Upland, da Eastern Ridges & Lowlands. Lawrence Martin ya kirkiro wannan tsari don raba jihar zuwa yankuna. An bayyana yankuna daban-daban ta hanyar tasirin tasirin [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|kankara]] a lokacin glaciation na Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Where is Wisconsin? Wisconsin – The Badger State – is one of the East North Central States. Its capital is Madison. |url=https://www.curriculumvisions.com/search/W/wisconsin/wisconsin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014192718/https://www.curriculumvisions.com/search/W/wisconsin/wisconsin.html |archive-date=2021-10-14 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=www.curriculumvisions.com}}</ref> [[Fayil:Timms_Hill,_Wisconsin.JPG|thumb|Timms Hill shine mafi girman yanayin halitta a Wisconsin a {{Convert|1951.5|ft|m}} ; yana cikin garin Hill, Price County.]] A arewa, Kogin Superior Lowland ya mamaye bel na ƙasa kusa da Babban Tafkin.  Yankin fili ne mai lebur, yana gangara a hankali zuwa Tafkin Superior.  Mafi yawan yankin dazuzzuka ne—wanda bishiyar aspen da birch suka mamaye.  Yankin kuma ya haɗa da Tekun Ruwa na Kasa na Apostolic.[1]  A yankin arewa ta tsakiya na jihar, Arewacin Highland yana da gauraye dazuzzuka masu gauraye da katako da suka hada da kadada 1,500,000 (6,100 km2) Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, da kuma dubunnan tafkuna na kankara.  Gabaɗaya filin yana sama da sauran jihar, tare da tuddai akai-akai, kuma ya haɗa da mafi girman matsayi na jihar.mms Hill.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Highland Ecological Landscape – Wisconsin DNR |url=https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/index.asp?mode=detail&Landscape=12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023230643/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/index.asp?mode=detail&Landscape=12 |archive-date=2020-10-23 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=dnr.wi.gov}}</ref> A tsakiyar jihar, Tsakiyar Tsakiya tana da nau'o'in dutse na musamman kamar Dells na Kogin Wisconsin, ban da gonaki masu arziki. Yankin gabaɗaya fili ne mai yashi, wanda Glacial Lake Wisconsin ya rufe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey » 5. Central Sand Plains |url=https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/wisconsin-geology/major-landscape-features/central-sand-plains/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207184937/https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/wisconsin-geology/major-landscape-features/central-sand-plains/ |archive-date=2021-02-07 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=wgnhs.wisc.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Central Sand Plains Ecological Landscape – Wisconsin DNR |url=https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/index.asp?mode=detail&Landscape=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116115527/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/index.asp?mode=detail&Landscape=5 |archive-date=2021-01-16 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=dnr.wi.gov}}</ref> A kudu maso yamma, Yammacin Upland wuri ne mai tsawo tare da cakuda gandun daji da gonaki, gami da [[Dutsen|bluffs]] da yawa a kan Kogin Mississippi. An bayyana yankin ta hanyar tsaunuka marasa daidaituwa, gami da duk Baraboo Range. Yammacin Upland wani bangare ne na Yankin Driftless, wanda ya hada da sassan Iowa, Illinois, da Minnesota. Wannan yanki bai rufe shi da kankara ba a lokacin zamanin kankara na baya-bayan nan, Wisconsin Glaciation . Wannan yanki ya ƙunshi yawancin koguna a Wisconsin, gami da Natural Landmark Cave of the Mounds . Gundumar Langlade tana da ƙasa da ba a samu ba a waje da gundumar da ake kira Antigo silt loam . <ref>{{Cite web |last=United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service |date=April 1999 |title=Wisconsin State Soil: Antigo Silt Loam |url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_019841.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516155048/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_019841.pdf |archive-date=May 16, 2017 |access-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref> Yankin Eastern Ridges da Lowlands, a kudu maso gabas, gida ne ga yawancin manyan biranen jihar. Yankin yana yammacin Tafkin Michigan, kuma da farko fili ne, yana gangarowa zuwa tafkin. Duwatsun sun haɗa da Niagara Escarpment, Black River Escarpement, da Magnesia Escarpment . [[Fayil:Wyalusing.jpg|thumb|Yankin Driftless na kudu maso yammacin Wisconsin yana da halayen bluffs da aka sassaka a cikin dutse mai laushi ta ruwa daga narkewar Ice age glaciers. Hoton shi ne haɗuwar kogin [[Mississippi (kogi)|Mississippi]] da Wisconsin.]] == Ilimin ƙasa ==   Wisconsin tana da tsarin geologic da ajiya waɗanda suka bambanta da shekaru daga sama da shekaru biliyan uku zuwa dubban shekaru, tare da yawancin duwatsu suna da miliyoyin shekaru. An halicci tsoffin tsarin geologic sama da shekaru miliyan 600 da suka gabata a lokacin Precambrian, tare da mafi yawan kasancewa a ƙasa da ajiyar glacial. Duwatsun Proterozoic sun samar da yawancin ajiyar Wisconsin na musamman. Yawancin Baraboo Range ya ƙunshi Baraboo Quartzite, da sauran Precambrian metamorphic rock.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=April 1981 |title=Bedrock Geology of Wisconsin |url=https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/pubshare/M067.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804145204/https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/pubshare/M067.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-04 |access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref> A lokacin Pleistocene, manyan kankara sun rufe Wisconsin. Gilashin sun shimfiɗa duwatsu, an sassaƙa dutse, kuma sun ajiye yashi da dutse a wurare da yawa na jihar. Tafkuna da yawa sun kasance sakamakon wannan ƙanƙara da ke zana ƙananan wurare a cikin ƙasa.<ref name=":1"/> Hanyoyi daban-daban sun ratsa Wisconsin. Niagara Escarpment shine mafi tsawo, yana gudana daga New York ta hanyar Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, da Illinois. Black River Escarpment yana gudana kusa da Niagara Escarpement . Magnesian Escarpment shine mafi shahara, yana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu. Dutsen da ke cikin Niagara Escarpment shine dolomite, yayin da gajerun tuddai guda biyu suna da dutse mai laushi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaither Merlin Randall |date=1954 |title=Ground water conditions in the sandstone aquifer of northwest Dane County, Wisconsin |url=http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/7281/89089012264_20070413162326.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020082247/https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/7281/89089012264_20070413162326.pdf?sequence=1 |archive-date=2021-10-20 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin]]}}</ref> == Yanayin jiki == Wisconsin tana da iyaka da Kogin Mississippi da Kogin St. Croix zuwa yamma. Jihar tana da koguna da rafi sama da 12,000, jimlar mil 84,000 (135,000 a tsawon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rivers {{!}} Wisconsin DNR |url=https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/rivers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030215318/https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/rivers |archive-date=2020-10-30 |access-date=2020-10-30 |website=dnr.wisconsin.gov}}</ref> An sanya sunan jihar ne bayan Kogin Wisconsin mai tsawon kilomita 430 (kilomita 690). An samo sunansa daga yarukan Algonquin na 'yan asalin ƙasar. An fara rubuta sunan a matsayin "Meskousing" ta hanyar Jacques Marquette a cikin shekara ta 1673, amma daga baya masu binciken Faransa suka canza shi zuwa "Ouisconsin" a cikin karni na 18. An sauƙaƙa sunan zuwa "Wisconsin" a cikin karni na 19, yayin da aka yi amfani da shi ga sabon Yankin Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-12 |title=Wisconsin's Name: Where It Came From and What It Means |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS3663 |access-date=2021-10-16 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en |archive-date=2021-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017013221/https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS3663 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kogin ya samo asali ne a cikin Lac Vieux Desert kusa da iyaka da Upper Peninsula na Michigan . Yana gudana a kudu tare da filin glacial na tsakiyar Wisconsin, kafin ya juya zuwa yamma a Portage kuma ya shiga Kogin Mississippi {{Convert|3|mi|km}} kudu da Prairie du Chien. Kogin Baraboo mai ba da gudummawa ne, kuma ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ruwa mafi tsawo a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Facts and Resources {{!}} Wisconsin DNR |url=https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/Rivers/FactsResources.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031131333/https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/Rivers/FactsResources.html |archive-date=2020-10-31 |access-date=2020-10-30 |website=dnr.wisconsin.gov}}</ref> [[Green Bay, Wisconsin|Green Bay]] tributary)">Kogin Fox ya samo asali ne a tsakiyar Wisconsin, yana gudana zuwa arewa ta hanyar Tafkin Winnebago, ya shiga Bay of Green Bay, tare da birnin Green Bay yana bakin sa. Sassan biyu na Kogin Fox sun kai kilomita 182 (kilomita 293), ƙidaya nisan ta hanyar Tafkin Winnebago yana ba da mil 200 (kilominta 320). Sunan ya samo asali ne daga fassarar sunan Mutanen Meskwaki, yayin da kogin ke gudana ta cikin yankinsu. Yankin birni na Fox Cities ya haɗa da birane da yawa a gefen kogi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Communities |url=https://www.foxcities.org/explore/community |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123932/https://www.foxcities.org/explore/community |archive-date=February 9, 2019 |access-date=February 8, 2019 |website=www.foxcities.org}}</ref> === Tafkuna === [[Fayil:LakeWinnebagoSunset.jpg|thumb|Rana a kan Tafkin Winnebago]] Wisconsin yana da iyaka da Lake Superior a arewa da tafkin Michigan a gabas.[1]  Jihar tana da tafkuna sama da 15,000, jimilla kusan eka miliyan 1 (4,000 km2).  A cikin Wisconsin, Lakes Superior da Michigan jimlar kadada miliyan 6.4 (26,000 km2).[2]  Tare da manyan tafkuna biyu, Wisconsin yana da fiye da mil 500 (kilomita 800) na bakin teku.[3]  Tafkin Winnebago shine mafi girma tafkin cikin kasa, wanda ya kai sama da eka 137,700 (557 km2), da mil 88 (kilomita 142) na bakin teku.  An samo tafkin ne daga tafkin Glacial Oshkosh kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka wuce.[4]  Tafkin Iblis yana da siffar rectangular, kuma yana da nisa sama da mil daga arewa zuwa kudu, da rabin mil gabas zuwa yamma.[5].  Tafkin Wisconsin tafki ce da ke gefen kogin Wisconsin, kuma tana rufe kadada 1,500 (6.1 km2).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Novak |first=Steven |title=Fish Lake Wisconsin - Columbia County, Wisconsin |url=https://www.lake-link.com/wisconsin-lakes/columbia-county/lake-wisconsin/1079/ |access-date=2021-10-17 |website=Lake-Link |language=en}}</ref> === Tsibirin === [[Fayil:Washington_Island_map.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Tsibirin da ke kusa da ƘofarYankin Ƙofar]] Yawancin tsibiran da aka ambata a cikin Wisconsin suna cikin Manyan Tekuna.  Mutane da yawa suna kewaye da Kofar Peninsula a tafkin Michigan, ko kuma wani yanki ne na Tsibirin Manzo a cikin Babban Tafkin. Kogin Mississippi kuma yana da tarin tsibirai a kan iyakar yammacin jihar.  Tafkunan cikin gida da koguna sun ƙunshi sauran tsibiran Wisconsin.  Tafkuna da yawa, gami da tafkin Beaver Dam, Lake Fox, da Lake Winnebago, suna da tsibirai da yawa.  Manyan koguna, kamar Kogin Wisconsin da Kogin Fox, suna da tsibirai da yawa kuma.  Tsibirin Doty, a cikin Kogin Fox, yana da faɗin mil ɗaya kuma tsayinsa mil ɗaya da rabi.[2]  Tsibirin Faransa, a cikin kogin Mississippi a cikin birnin La Crosse, ya ƙunshi yanki mai faɗin murabba'in mil 2.02 (5.2 km2) kuma yana da yawan jama'a 4,207.[3].<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files – Wisconsin |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_55.txt |access-date=March 18, 2021 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Tsibirin Madeline a cikin Lake Superior shine mafi girma daga cikin Tsibirin Manzanni. Al'ummar La Pointe tana kan iyakar yamma, kuma tsibirin gaba ɗaya yana da yawan mutane 302.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-13 |title=Town of La Pointe {{!}} Madeline Island Chamber of Commerce |url=https://www.madelineisland.com/madeline-island/town-of-lapoint-govt/ |access-date=2021-10-19 |website=www.madelineisland.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Tsibirin Washington a cikin Tafkin Michigan yana da mil 7 (11 arewa maso gabashin Ƙarshen Ƙofar. Tsibirin yana da nisan kilomita biyar da nisan mil takwas, yana rufe yanki na nisan kilomita 23.51 (kilomita 37.84). garin tsibirin Washington ya rufe tsibirin, da kuma tsibirai da ke kewaye da shi, tare da jimlar yawan jama'a 708. === Ruwa === [[Fayil:Cambrian-Ordovician_Aquifer_System.webp|thumb|Tsarin ruwa na Cambrian-Ordovician Tsawon ruwa  ]] Kogin Cambrian-Ordovician ba shi da zurfi da farko a ƙarƙashin Wisconsin amma ya kai [[Illinois]], [[Iowa]], [[Indiana|Indiya]], [[Minnesota]], [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]], da Upper Peninsula na Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey |url=https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/cambrian-ordovician-aquifer-system |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=www.usgs.gov}}</ref> Ana fitar da ruwa daga ruwa kuma ana fitar da shi ta hanyar noma, kasuwanci, da kuma amfani da zama wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title=Groundwater depletion is a big problem, even in the Great Lakes region |url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/groundwater-depletion-is-a-big-problem-even-in-the-great-lakes-region/58c5d7ed-3bd9-4e4b-8df0-19ec94fe7c74 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=WBEZ Chicago |language=en}}</ref> == Yankunan da aka kare == [[Fayil:Big_waves_on_Devils_Island_shoreline_(e99f5cd1-548c-439d-962d-0c03204c2bf8).jpg|thumb|Yankin Tsibirin Iblis, tsibirin Manzanni na kasaTsibirin Manzanni na Kasa Lakeshore]] Wisconsin tana da wuraren shakatawa na jihar 67, wanda ke rufe fiye da kadada 60,570 (².1 ), kuma da yawa an san su a cikin ƙasa. Yankin Wasanni na Jihar Chippewa Moraine ya rufe kadada 3,063 (12.40 km2), kuma yana adana wurare masu yawa na kankara. The Ice Age National Scenic Trail yana gudana ta wurin shakatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area {{!}} Wisconsin DNR |url=https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/parks/chipmoraine |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=dnr.wisconsin.gov}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa na Devil's Lake yana cikin Baraboo Range, kudu da Baraboo, kuma yana rufe kadada 9,217 (37.30 km2), yana mai da shi mafi girman wurin shakatawa a jihar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pick a Park – WDNR |url=http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/parks/specific/pickapark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510033903/http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/parks/specific/pickapark.html |archive-date=2009-05-10 |access-date=2009-01-25 |publisher=[[Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]]}}</ref><ref name="July 2012">{{Cite journal |date=July 2012 |title=Regional & Property Analysis: Sauk Prairie Recreation Area |pages=1–67}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa na jihar ya hada da {{Convert|500|ft|m|-high}} Quartzite bluffs kewaye da tafkin, da kuma {{Convert|11|mi|km}} na Ice Age Trail. Gidan shakatawa na Interstate ya ƙunshi wuraren shakatawa guda biyu da ke kusa da iyakar Minnesota-Wisconsin. Yankin Wisconsin ya rufe kadada 1,330 (5.4 km2), kuma gefen Minnesota ya rufe kadana 298 (1.21 km2). Gidan shakatawa yana kan ''Dalles'' na Kogin St. Croix, wani zurfin kwarin basalt. Wyalusing State Park yana a wurin haɗuwa da Kogin Wisconsin da Mississippi, kuma yana rufe kadada 2,628 (10.64 km2). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wyalusing State Park {{!}} Wisconsin DNR |url=https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/parks/wyalusing |access-date=2021-10-15 |website=dnr.wisconsin.gov}}</ref>&nbsp; Wisconsin kuma yana da yankuna masu kariya a ƙarƙashin kulawar Sabis ɗin Parking na ƙasa. The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, tare da Lake Superior, wani bakin teku ne na ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi 21 na tsibirin Manzo, jimlar kadada 69,372 (280.74 km2).[2]  Trail Age Trail hanya ce mai ban sha'awa ta ƙasa da ke rufe mil 1,200 (kilomita 1,900), bin ƙarshen moraine na Wisconsin Glaciation.]  Ƙarshen yamma yana cikin wurin shakatawa na Interstate, kuma ƙarshen gabas yana cikin wurin shakatawa na jihar Potawatomi, tare da bakin kofa.[4]  Hanyar ta ratsa ta cikin 30 na 72 na Wisconsin. Titin kogin Scenic na kasa na Saint Croix yana kare mil 252 (kilomita 406) na kogin St. Croix da Namekagon.[6] Wisconsin tana da gandun daji da yawa, suna rufe fiye da kadada 471,3 (1,907.40 ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Laura |date=2015-10-27 |title=You'll Be Blown Away By These 7 Amazing State Forests In Wisconsin |url=https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/wisconsin/state-forests-wi/ |access-date=2021-10-17 |website=OnlyInYourState |language=en-US}}</ref> Jimlar ƙasar da ke cikin gandun daji ta rufe kadada miliyan {{Convert|16|e6acre|km2}} (65,000 km2), ko 46%, na yankin ƙasar jihar. [[Kettle Moraine]] State Forest">Kettle Moraine State Forest ya rufe kadada 56,000 (230 km2) a yankin kudu maso gabashin jihar. Babban fasalin gandun daji shine Kettle Moraine, wanda aka kirkira a lokacin Wisconsin Glaciation.<ref name="magazine">{{Cite journal |last=McFadzen |first=Mike |date=December 2014 |title=The Kettle Moraine State Forest has the cure for cabin fever |url=http://dnr.wi.gov/wnrmag/ |journal=Wisconsin Natural Resources |publisher=[[Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]] |pages=4–6 |access-date=December 26, 2014}}</ref> Akwai gandun daji guda daya da Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Amurka ke sarrafawa a jihar, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. An kafa shi a cikin 1933 a matsayin gandun daji biyu daban-daban, amma an kiyaye shi a matsayin ƙungiya ɗaya tun daga 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service |url=http://www.fs.usda.gov/r09/chequamegon-nicolet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608000358/https://www.fs.usda.gov/main/cnnf/about-forest |archive-date=June 8, 2021 |access-date=September 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The National Forests of the United States |url=https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/National-Forests-of-the-U.S.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028014355/http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Places/National%20Forests%20of%20the%20U.S.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2012 |access-date=September 2, 2021 |publisher=ForestHistory.org}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rser73omc065pskhk92zsxyrnonmuat 0 108795 890375 700096 2026-08-02T01:27:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wesley Koolhof''' (pronunciation Dutch: [ˈʋɛsli ˈkoːlɦɔf]; <ref>{{Cite web |title=The pronunciation by Wesley Koolhof himself |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/-/media/player-names/wesley-koolhof.mp4 |access-date=2018-02-05 |website=ATPWorldTour.com}}</ref> an haife shi a rabar 17 ga watan Afrilu shekarar ta 1989) tsohon ɗan wasan [[Tennis]] ne na ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin No. 1 a duniya a cikin ninki biyu. Ya kasance zakara na Grand Slam sau biyu, bayan ya lashe gasar zakarun Wimbledon ta shekarar ta 2023 a cikin maza biyu tare da Neal Skupski da kuma a shekarar ta 2022 French Open a cikin gauraye biyu tare da Ena Shibahara . {{IPA|nl|ˈʋɛsli ˈkoːlɦɔf}}{{IPA|nl|ˈʋɛsli ˈkoːlɦɔf}}{{IPA|nl|ˈʋɛsli ˈkoːlɦɔf}} Koolhof ya kuma kammala matsayi na biyu a cikin maza biyu a shekarar ta 2020 da shekarar 2022 US Open, tare da Nikola Mektić da Skupski bi da bi. Ya lashe lambobin yabo guda 21 a gasar ATP Tour, ciki har da shekarar ta 2020 ATP Finals tare da Mektić da shida a matakin Masters 1000. Koolhof ya zama No. 1 na duniya a karo na farko a watan Nuwamba na shekarar ta 2022, ya zama dan Holland na huɗu da ya kai matsayi na biyu bayan Tom Okker, Paul Haarhuis da Jacco Eltingh, kuma ya ƙare shekara a matsayin haɗin gwiwa No. 1 tare da Skupski. A cikin mutane, ya kai matsayi mafi girma na duniya No. 462 a watan Agustan shekarar ta 2013. Koolhof ya wakilci Netherlands a gasar cin Kofin Davis tun daga shekarar ta 2019 kuma ya fafata a shekarar ta 2024 Wasannin Olympics na shekarar ta 2024 tare da Jean-Julien Rojer kuma a wasannin Olympic na shekarar ta 2024 tare da Tallon Griekspoor . Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta kai wasan karshe na Kofin Davis a shekarar ta 2024 da kuma wasan kusa da na karshe a shekarar ta shekarar ta 2022 da 2023, mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na Netherlands a gasar tun shekarar ta 2005. == Ayyuka == === 2015-16: Haɗin gwiwa tare da Middelkoop, na farko na ATP & 11 Challengers sunayen sarauta === Koolhof ya lashe lambar yabo ta ATP ta farko a shekarar ta 2016 Sofia Open a cikin gida mai wuya a Bulgaria, tare da abokin hamayyarsa Matwe Middelkoop . Ma'aurata sun kayar da Adil Shamasdin da Philipp Oswald a wasan na uku 5-7, 7-6 (11-9), [10-6] a wasan zakarun don kama taken. === 2017-18: Sabuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da Sitak, biyar ATP finals === Koolhof ya haɗu da ɗan wasan New Zealand Artem Sitak a tsakiyar shekara a cikin shekarar ta 2017. Sun kai wasan karshe a 2017 BB&amp;amp;T Atlanta Open, sun sha kashi a hannun 'yan uwan Bryan, kuma sun rasa a zagaye na farko a US Open kafin su lashe gasar Challenger a Szczecin, Poland, kuma sun sha kashi kuma a government wasan karshe na ATP, a wannan lokacin a shekarar ta 2017 Moselle Open a Metz, Faransa, ga Julien Benneteau da Édouard Roger-Vasselin. Farawa sabuwar shekara ta 2018 a Brisbane, Sitak da Koolhof sun rasa a wasan kusa da na karshe ga Leonardo Mayer da Horacio Zeballos . Sun rasa a zagaye na farko a Auckland ga Michael Venus da Raven Klaasen, sannan 7-6 ⁽⁵⁾, 4-6, 4-6 a zagaye ya biyu na Australian Open ga masu nasara, Oliver Marach da Matar Pavić . Sitak da Koolhof sai suka tafi Newport Beach a California inda, a matsayin manyan tsaba, suka rasa a zagaye na farko a madaidaiciya ga Treat Huey da Denis Kudla. Daga nan sai suka rasa a wasan kusa da na karshe a Montpellier kafin su tafi har zuwa wasan karshe a New York Open, Max Mirnyi da Philipp Oswald sun doke su government a wasan da aka yi. Sun biyo bayan hakan tare da asarar zagaye na farko a Delray Beach ga Scott Lipsky da Divij Sharan . Lokacin su na sama da ƙasa ya ci gaba a Brazil, inda suka kai wasan karshe a São Paulo, amma Federico Delbonis da Máximo González sun doke su a madaidaiciya. Tasharsu ta gaba ita ce Irving, Texas, inda suka rasa a wasan kusa da na karshe na ATP Challenger ga Alexander Peya da Philipp Petzschner . Da yake ƙaura zuwa Turai, kuma suna wasa a cikin Alicante Challenger a Spain a matsayin shiri don lokacin kotun yumbu na Turai, sun lashe lambar yabo ta biyu tare lokacin da suka doke Guido Andreozzi da Ariel Behar a wasan karshe a madaidaiciya. Sun rasa a zagaye na farko na gasar ta gaba a Marrakech. A cikin Hungarian Open sun doke manyan tsaba Nikola Mektic da Alexander Peya a zagaye na farko, amma sun rasa a karo na biyu ga Marcin Matkowski da tsohon abokin tarayya na Sitak Nicholas Monroe. Gasarsu ta gaba ta kasance a Estoril inda suka tafi har zuwa karshe kafin su rasa ga 'yan Burtaniya Kyle Edmund da Cameron Norrie. Daga nan sai suka rasa a zagaye na farko na gasar Bordeaux Challenger bayan da aka buga Sitak a kunne na dama ta hanyar Radu Albot, da kuma a zagaye ya farko a Geneva, gasar ta ƙarshe kafin Faransanci Open. A Roland Garros, Sitak da Koolhof sun doke Andre Begemann da Antonio Sancic a zagaye na farko, sannan na tara Ivan Dodig da Rajeev Ram, kafin su sauka zuwa na biyar Juan Sebastian Cabal da Robert Farah. Dukkanin wasannin uku sun tafi saiti na yanke shawara. Bayan an gama gasar, an ba da sanarwar cewa biyun za su rabu, tare da Koolhof ya shiga ɗan'uwan Sitak na government New Zealand, kuma tsohon abokin tarayya, Marcus Daniell, da Sitak suna haɗuwa da Indian Divij Sharan . <ref name="NZ Herald">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2018 |title=Big changes for Kiwi doubles players for grass court season |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=12064587 |access-date=20 June 2018 |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |archive-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621065957/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=12064587 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2019: Babban wasan kusa da na karshe na farko tare da Daniell, na karshe na Masters guda uku === Koolhof government tare da Stefanos Tsitsipas ya kai wasan karshe na Masters 1000 na farko a 2019 Miami Open inda ya sha kashi a hannun 'Yan uwan Bryan kuma tare da Robin Haase ya kai wasan ƙarshe na shekarar 2019 Monte-Carlo Masters da shekarar ta 2019 Canadian Open. A gasar zakarun Wimbledon ta shekarar ta 2019 ya kai kashi huɗu na karshe tare da Marcus Daniell a cikin ninki biyu da kuma semifinals a cikin ninka biyu tare da Květa Peschke . === 2020: ATP Finals title & US Open final tare da Mektic, Duniya No. 5 === A shekarar ta 2020 ita ce shekarar da ta fi nasara ga Koolhof a cikin aikinsa har zuwa yanzu. Ya lashe gasar ATP ta shekarar ta 2020 a cikin sau biyu tare da Nikola Mektić . Ya kuma kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin Faransa ta shekarar ta 2020 da kuma wasan karshe a gasar cin kocin Amurka ta shekarar ta 2020 tare da Nikola Mektić. A sakamakon haka, ya gama shekara a duniya No. 5 a cikin manyan matsayi 10 a cikin ninki biyu da No. 3 a cikin tseren ninki biyu tare da government abokin aikinsa Nikola Mektić . === 2021: Taken na bakwai, na biyu na biyu na rukuni na biyu, na farko na Olympics === A watan Mayu, Koolhof ya lashe lambar yabo ta bakwai a Gasar Zakarun Bavaria ta shekarar ta 2021 tare da Kevin Krawietz . Ya kuma kai wasan karshe na Masters 1000 na 7 da 8 a jere a shekarar 2021 Mutua Madrid Open tare da Łukasz Kubot kuma a shekarar ta 2021 Italian Open tare da ɗan ƙasarsa Jean-Julien Rojer . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Splitsville: Why Doubles Break Ups Can be Smart to do |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/kubot-melo-koolhof-rojer-doubles-2021-feature |website=[[ATP Tour]]}}</ref> === 2022: Haɗin gwiwa tare da Skupski, Masters guda uku & sunayen sarauta biyu, Duniya No. 1 === Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Neal Skupski ya lashe lambobin ATP 250 guda biyu a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na bazara na Australia, kafin Australian Open na shekarar ta 2022. Ma'aurata sun kai wasan kusa da na karshe a Grand Slam na farko na shekara a karo na farko a wannan Major. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta uku a shekarar ta 2022 Qatar ExxonMobil Open inda suka sauke saiti daya kawai a kan hanyar zuwa wasan karshe inda suka ci Rohan Bopanna da Denis Shapovalov a madaidaiciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Koolhof and Neal Skuspki Clinch Doha Crown |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/doubles-doha-2022-final-friday |website=[[ATP Tour]]}}</ref> Ya shekarar ta kai wasan karshe na shekarar 2022 Miami Open tare da Skupski inda suka sha kashi a hannun John Isner da Hubert Hurkacz . Sun kasance na bakwai, sun kai wasan karshe na Masters 1000 na biyu a shekarar 2022 Mutua Madrid Open bayan sun doke John Isner da Hubert Hurkacz.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koolhof/Skupski Edge Hurkacz/Isner to Reach Madrid Final |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/koolhof-skupski-madrid-2022-sf |website=[[ATP Tour]]}}</ref> A wasan karshe sun kayar da iri na biyar Robert Farah da Juan Sebastián Cabal don lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta Masters 1000 a cikin aikin su kuma a matsayin biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2022 |title=Madrid: Wesley Koolhof, Neal Skupski beat No. 5 seeds for a fourth title in 2022 |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/113603/madrid-wesley-koolhof-neal-skupski-beat-no-5-seeds-for-fourth-title-in-2022/}}</ref> A sakamakon haka Koolhof ya koma saman 10 a cikin matsayi a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu shekarar ta 2022. A gasar Open ta Faransa ta shekarar ta 2022 ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta Grand Slam a cikin nau'i biyu a cikin aikinsa tare da Ena Shibahara . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2022 |title=Ena Shibahara, Wesley Koolhof win French Open mixed doubles title |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/34024055/ena-shibahara-wesley-koolhof-win-french-open-mixed-doubles-title |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Ya kuma kai wasan kusa da na karshe tare da Skupski a karo na biyu a wannan Major inda ya doke 'yan Amurka Tommy Paul da Mackenzie McDonald. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Koolhof/Neal Skupski Ease Through to Roland Garros QFS &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/doubles-roland-garros-2022-r16-sunday |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya kai sabon matsayi na biyu na duniya No. 4 a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta a farkon shekarar ta 2022 National Bank Open inda ya kai tare da Skupski wasan kusa da na karshe na Masters 1000 a karo na uku a kakar inda ya doke Lloyd Glasspool / Harri Heliövaara . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Koolhof & Neal Skupski Boost Race Lead, Reach Montreal SFS &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/montreal-2022-doubles-friday |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Bayan haka ma'aurata sun ci gaba zuwa takwas na karshe na kakar da suka doke Krawietz / Mies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Koolhof & Neal Skupski Reach Montreal Doubles Final &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/montreal-2022-doubles-saturday |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Sun lashe lambar yabo ta government shida ta hanyar kayar da Dan Evans (tennis) da John Peers (tennis) . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Koolhof/Skupski Win Sixth Title of Team Debut Season in Montreal &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/koolhof-skupski-evans-peers-montreal-2022-doubles-final |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> A sakamakon haka ya koma No. 3 a duniya a cikin matsayi biyu a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta shekarar ta 2022. An shuka na 2 a US Open biyun sun kai wasan kusa da na karshe inda suka doke Wimbledon Australian biyu na Ebden / Purcell a cikin saiti uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Koolhof and Neal Skupski Continue US Open Title Quest &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/doubles-us-open-2022-monday |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Bayan haka sun doke Marcelo Demoliner da Joao Sousa don isa wasan kusa da na karshe. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke Marcelo Arevalo da Jean-Julien Rojer a wasan kusa da na karshe don samun damar zama No. 1 na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram/Salisbury & Koolhof/Skupski Set Blockbuster US Open Doubles Final {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/doubles-us-open-2022-sfs-thursday |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> A wasan karshe, sun rasa Rajeev Ram da Joe Salisbury a madaidaiciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajeev Ram and Joe Salisbury Retain US Open Crown {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/doubles-us-open-2022-final-friday |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> A shekarar ta 2022 Rolex Paris Masters ma'aurata Koolhof / Skupski sun kai wasan kusa da na karshe inda suka doke Rohan Bopanna / Matwe Middelkoop na tara da ke hawa zuwa Duniya No. 1 da Duniya No. 2 bi da bi, kuma suna ƙarfafa matsayi na No. 1 a matsayin biyu a cikin tseren sau biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Koolhof Secures No. 1, Paris SF Slot &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/paris-doubles-koolhof-skupski-friday-2022}}</ref> Sun kai wasan karshe na 10 da na huɗu a matakin Masters don kakar wasa ta bakwai Lloyd Glasspool / Harri Heliövaara . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Koolhof/Skupski into 10th Final of 2022 &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/paris-doubles-saturday-2022}}</ref> Sun lashe lambar yabo ta uku ta Masters kuma ta bakwai a kakar wasa ta bana inda suka doke Ivan Dodig / Austin Krajicek a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Koolhof/Neal Skupski Triumph in Paris, Clinch Year-End No. 1 &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/koolhof-skupski-paris-2022-sunday-doubles-final}}</ref> Sun kuma sami matsayi na No. 1 na ƙarshen shekara a matsayin ƙungiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koolhof/Skupski Claim Year-End No. 1 Pepperstone ATP Doubles Team Ranking &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/koolhof-skupski-year-end-no-1-doubles-team}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Koolhof/Neal Skupski Feature in Standout ATP Tour Doubles Teams of 2022 &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/best-of-2022-doubles}}</ref> === 2023: Gasar Wimbledon, ta 20 === Duo na duniya No. 1 Koolhof da Skupski sun ci gaba da kasancewa da kyau har suka kai wani karshe na Masters a shekarar ta 2023 BNP Paribas Open inda suka rasa Rohan Bopanna da Matthew Ebden. A gasar Open ta Faransa ta shekarar ta 2023 ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe tare da Skupski a karo na uku a cikin aikinsa. Ya sha kashi a hannun kungiyar Horacio Zeballos da Granollers ta 10. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta Grand Slam a gasar zakarun Wimbledon ta shekarar ta 2023 tare da Skupski kuma ya koma matsayi na 1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Skupski makes history with doubles title |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2023-07-15/skupski_makes_history_with_gentlemens_doubles_final_win.html}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar ta 2023, ya ba da sanarwar cewa kakar shekarar ta 2024 za ta kasance ta karshe a kan ATP Tour. === 2024: Shanghai, Paris Bercy titles, Davis Cup finalist, ritaya === A shekara ta shekarar ta 2024, bayan ya sake haduwa da Nikola Mektić a kakar wasa ta karshe, ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta ATP 500 a gasar gida, shekarar ta 2024 ABN AMRO Open a Rotterdam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2024 |title=WESLEY KOOLHOF: 'I WON'T GO QUIETLY INTO THE NIGHT' |url=https://www.abnamro-open.nl/en/news/headlines/51th-edition/wesley-koolhof-i-wont-go-quietly-into-the-night, |publisher=ABN AMRO Open }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2024 |title=WITH WESLEY KOOLHOF, THE WINNERS RING IS COMPLETE |url=https://www.abnamro-open.nl/en/news/headlines/51th-edition/with-wesley-koolhof-the-winners-ring-is-complete |publisher=ABN AMRO Open}}</ref> Ba tare da an shuka shi ba, ya lashe gasar BNP Paribas Open ta shekarar ta 2024 tare da Mektic inda ya doke Marcel Granollers da Horacio Zeballos a wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koolhof/Mektic triumph in Indian Wells |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/indian-wells-2024-doubles-final |publisher=ATPTour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BNP Paribas Open: Nikola Mektic, Wesley Koolhof win doubles title |url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/sports/tennis/bnp/2024/03/15/bnp-paribas-open-nikola-mektic-wesley-koolhof-win-doubles-title/72992086007/ |publisher=Desert Sun}}</ref> Har ila yau ba a shuka su ba a shekarar ta 2024 Rolex Shanghai Masters, sun kai wasan kusa da na karshe inda suka doke Nathaniel Lammons da Jackson Withrow kuma suka ci gaba da matsayi na No. 8 sama da abokan hamayyarsu a tseren ATP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024 |title=Koolhof & Mektic eyeing Turin chances with Shanghai QF win |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/shanghai-2024-doubles-thursday |website=ATPTour}}</ref> Bayan sun kai wasan karshe tare da cin nasara a kan Santiago González da Édouard Roger-Vasselin, duo Koolhof da Mektic sun hau matsayi har zuwa No. 7 a cikin tseren government ATP Live. Sun lashe lambar yabo ta huɗu a kakar da suka doke 'yan Argentina biyu na Máximo González da Andrés Molteni . Wannan shi ne karo na 20 na Koolhof.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2024 |title=Koolhof/Mektic seal Shanghai crown, edge closer to Turin |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/koolhof-mektic-shanghai-2024-final |website=ATPTour}}</ref> Koolhof da Mektić sun lashe lambar yabo ta biyar a kakar a Paris Masters a Bercy, inda suka doke Lloyd Glasspool da Adam Pavlásek a wasan karshe wanda government ya tafi wasan zakarun zakarun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koolhof/Mektic seal Tour-leading fifth title of 2024 in Paris |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/koolhof-mektic-glasspool-pavlasek-paris-2024-sunday |access-date=3 November 2024 |publisher=ATPTour}}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa ta karshe a cikin manyan 10, a gasar ATP ta shekarar ta 2024, inda ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Nikola Mektić, ya rasa wasan ATP na karshe a matakin zagaye na Robin.<ref> {{Cite web |date=14 November 2024 |title=Koolhof honoured following final ATP match at Nitto ATP Finals |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/koolhof-nitto-atp-finals-2024-last-atp-match |website=ATPTour}}</ref> Abokin hulɗa na Botic van na Zandschulp Koolhof ya lashe wasan karshe kuma ya taimaka wa tawagar Netherlands ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar cin Kofin Davis na shekarar ta 2024, tare da cin nasara a kan duo na Mutanen Espanya Carlos Alcaraz da Marcel Granollers . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2024 |title=Rafael Nadal's career ends in Malaga, as Wesley Koolhof extends his own in dramatic Davis Cup doubles win |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/rafael-nadal-career-ends-wesley-koolhof-extends-own-davis-cup-doubles-alcaraz-van-de-zandschulp}}</ref> Netherlands daga baya government ta kai wasan karshe bayan da ta doke Jamus a wasannin biyu.<ref> {{Cite web |date=22 November 2024 |title=The Flying Dutchmen! Tallon Griekspoor turns tide to clinch first Davis Cup final for the Netherlands |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/tallon-griekspoor-turns-tide-send-netherlands-through-first-davis-cup-final-history-germany}}</ref> == Muhimman fina-finai == === Gasar karshe ta Grand Slam === ==== Sau biyu: 3 (1 taken, 2 na biyu) ==== {| class="sortable wikitable" ! style="width:40px" |Sakamakon !Shekara !Gasar cin kofin !Yankin da ke sama !Abokin hulɗa !Masu adawa ! class="unsortable" |Sakamakon |- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Rashin |2020 |US Open |Da wuya |[[Nikola Mektić]]{{Flagicon|CRO}} |Aboki Pavić [[Bruno Soares]]{{Flagicon|CRO}}<br />{{Flagicon|BRA}} |5–7, 3–6 |- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Rashin |2022 |US Open |Da wuya |[[Neal Skupski]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |[[Rajeev Ram]] [[Joe Salisbury]]{{Flagicon|USA}}<br />{{Flagicon|GBR}} |6–7^(4–7), 5–7 |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Nasara |2023 |Wimbledon |Ciyawa |Neal Skupski{{Flagicon|GBR}} |[[Marcel Granollers]] [[Horacio Zeballos]]{{Flagicon|ESP}}<br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} |6–4, 6–4 |} ==== Haɗuwa biyu: 1 (sunan) ==== {| class="sortable wikitable" !Sakamakon !Shekara !Gasar !Yankin da ke sama !Abokin hulɗa !Masu adawa ! class="unsortable" |Sakamakon |- style="background:#EBC2AF;" | bgcolor="98FB98" |Nasara |2022 |Faransanci Open |Yumbu |[[Ena Shibahara]]{{Flagicon|JPN}} |[[Ulrikke Eikeri]] [[Joran Vliegen]]{{Flagicon|NOR}}<br />{{Flagicon|BEL}} |7–6^(7–5), 6–2 |} === Gasar cin kofin shekara === ==== Sau biyu: YU1 (1 taken) ==== {| class="sortable wikitable" ! style="width:40px" |Sakamakon !Shekara !Gasar cin kofin !Yankin da ke sama !Abokin hulɗa !Masu adawa ! class="unsortable" |Sakamakon |- style="background:#ffffcc;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Nasara |2020 |Wasanni na ATP, London |Hard (i) |[[Nikola Mektić]]{{Flagicon|CRO}} |[[Jürgen Melzer]] [[Édouard Roger-Vasselin]]{{Flagicon|AUT}}<br />{{Flagicon|FRA}} |2–6, 6–3, [10–5] |} === Masters 1000 === ==== Sau biyu: 11 (6 lakabi, 5 masu cin gaba) ==== === Wasannin Olympics na bazara === ==== Haɗuwa biyu: 1 (1 wuri na huɗu) ==== {| class="sortable wikitable" !Sakamakon !Shekara !Gasar !Yankin da ke sama !Abokin hulɗa !Masu adawa ! class="unsortable" |Sakamakon |- bgcolor="ffea5c" | bgcolor="yellow" |Matsayi na 4 |2024 |Wasannin Olympics na bazara, Paris |Yumbu |[[Demi Schuurs|Rabin Schuurs]]{{Flagicon|NED}} |[[Gabriela Dabrowski]] [[Félix Auger-Aliassime]]{{Flagicon|CAN}}<br />{{Flagicon|CAN}} |3–6, 6–7^(2–7) |} == Wasanni na karshe na ATP == === Sau biyu: 45 (21 lakabi, 24 na biyu) === {| |- valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" !Labari |- style="background:#f3e6d7;" |Gasar Grand Slam (1-2) |- style="background:#ffffcc;" |Wasanni na Duniya na ATP (1-0) |- style="background:#e9e9e9;" |ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (6-5) |- style="background:#d4f1c5;" |ATP World Tour 500 Series (1-6) |- |ATP World Tour 250 Series (12-11) |} | {| class="wikitable" !Ƙarshen ta farfajiyar |- |Mai wuya (15-15) |- |Yumbu (3-7) |- |Ciyawa (3-2) |} | {| class="wikitable" !Ƙarshen ta hanyar saitawa |- |A waje (17-16) |- |Cikin gida (4-8) |} |} {| class="sortable wikitable" !Result ! class="unsortable" |W–L !   Date    !Tournament !Tier !Surface !Partner !Opponents ! class="unsortable" |Score |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>1–0</small> |Feb 2016 |Sofia Open, Bulgaria |250 Series |Hard (i) | nowrap="" |{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Matwé Middelkoop]] |{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Philipp Oswald]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Adil Shamasdin]] |5–7, 7–6^(11–9), [10–6] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>2–0</small> |Jul 2016 |Austrian Open, Austria |250 Series |Clay |{{Flagicon|NED}} Matwé Middelkoop |{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Dennis Novak]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Dominic Thiem]] |2–6, 6–3, [11–9] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>3–0</small> |Jan 2017 |Sydney International, Australia |250 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|NED}} Matwé Middelkoop |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Jamie Murray]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Bruno Soares]] |6–3, 7–5 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>3–1</small> |Feb 2017 | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |Rotterdam Open, Netherlands | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |500 Series |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|NED}} Matwé Middelkoop |{{Flagicon|CRO}} [[Ivan Dodig]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Marcel Granollers]] |6–7^(5–7), 3–6 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>3–2</small> |Jul 2017 |Atlanta Open, United States |250 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|NZL}} [[Artem Sitak]] |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Bob Bryan]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Bryan]] |3–6, 4–6 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>3–3</small> |Sep 2017 |Moselle Open, France |250 Series |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|NZL}} Artem Sitak | nowrap="" |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Julien Benneteau]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Édouard Roger-Vasselin]] |5–7, 3–6 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>3–4</small> |Feb 2018 |New York Open, United States |250 Series |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|NZL}} Artem Sitak |{{Flagicon|BLR}} [[Max Mirnyi]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|AUT}} Philipp Oswald |4–6, 6–4, [6–10] |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>3–5</small> |Mar 2018 |Brasil Open, Brazil |250 Series |Clay (i) |{{Flagicon|NZL}} Artem Sitak |{{Flagicon|ARG}} [[Federico Delbonis]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} [[Máximo González]] |4–6, 2–6 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>3–6</small> |May 2018 |Estoril Open, Portugal |250 Series |Clay |{{Flagicon|NZL}} Artem Sitak |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Kyle Edmund]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Cameron Norrie]] |4–6, 2–6 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>3–7</small> |Oct 2018 |Stockholm Open, Sweden |250 Series |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|NZL}} [[Marcus Daniell]] |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Luke Bambridge]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonny O'Mara]] |5–7, 6–7^(8–10) |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>4–7</small> |Jan 2019 |Brisbane International, Australia |250 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|NZL}} Marcus Daniell |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Rajeev Ram]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Joe Salisbury]] |6–4, 7–6^(8–6) |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>4–8</small> |Mar 2019 | style="background:#E9E9E9;" |Miami Open, United States | style="background:#E9E9E9;" |Masters 1000 |Hard |{{Flagicon|GRE}} [[Stefanos Tsitsipas]] |{{Flagicon|USA}} Bob Bryan<br /><br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Mike Bryan |5–7, 6–7^(8–10) |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>4–9</small> |Apr 2019 | style="background:#E9E9E9;" |Monte-Carlo Masters, Monaco | style="background:#E9E9E9;" |Masters 1000 |Clay |{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Robin Haase]] |{{Flagicon|CRO}} [[Nikola Mektić]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|CRO}} [[Franko Škugor]] |7–6^(7–3), 6–7^(3–7), [9–11] |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>4–10</small> |Apr 2019 |Hungarian Open, Hungary |250 Series |Clay |{{Flagicon|NZL}} Marcus Daniell |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Ken Skupski]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Neal Skupski]] |3–6, 4–6 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>4–11</small> |Jun 2019 |Rosmalen Championships, Netherlands |250 Series |Grass |{{Flagicon|NZL}} Marcus Daniell |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Dominic Inglot]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Austin Krajicek]] |4–6, 6–4, [4–10] |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>4–12</small> |Jul 2019 | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |German Open, Germany | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |500 Series |Clay |{{Flagicon|NED}} Robin Haase |{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Oliver Marach]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Jürgen Melzer]] |2–6, 6–7^(3–7) |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>4–13</small> |Aug 2019 | style="background:#E9E9E9;" |Canadian Open, Canada | style="background:#E9E9E9;" |Masters 1000 |Hard |{{Flagicon|NED}} Robin Haase |{{Flagicon|ESP}} Marcel Granollers<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} [[Horacio Zeballos]] |5–7, 5–7 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>5–13</small> |Jan 2020 |Qatar Open, Qatar |250 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Rohan Bopanna]] |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Luke Bambridge<br /><br />{{Flagicon|MEX}} [[Santiago González (tennis)|Santiago González]] |3–6, 6–2, [10–6] |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>5–14</small> |Feb 2020 |Open 13, France |250 Series |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Nicolas Mahut]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Vasek Pospisil]] |3–6, 4–6 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>5–15</small> |Sep 2020 | style="background:#F3E6D7;" |US Open, United States | style="background:#F3E6D7;" |Grand Slam |Hard |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|CRO}} [[Mate Pavić]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|BRA}} Bruno Soares |5–7, 3–6 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>6–15</small> |Nov 2020 | style="background:#ffffcc;" |ATP Finals, United Kingdom | style="background:#ffffcc;" |Tour Finals |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|AUT}} Jürgen Melzer<br /><br />{{Flagicon|FRA}} Édouard Roger-Vasselin |2–6, 6–3, [10–5] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>7–15</small> |May 2021 |Bavarian Championships, Germany |250 Series |Clay |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Kevin Krawietz]] |{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Sander Gillé]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Joran Vliegen]] |4–6, 6–4, [10–5] |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>7–16</small> |Oct 2021 |European Open, Belgium |250 Series |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Jean-Julien Rojer]] |{{Flagicon|FRA}} Nicolas Mahut<br /><br />{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabrice Martin]] |0–6, 1–6 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>8–16</small> |Jan 2022 |Melbourne Summer Set 1, Australia |250 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|KAZ}} [[Aleksandr Nedovyesov]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|PAK}} [[Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi]] |6–4, 6–4 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>9–16</small> |Jan 2022 |Adelaide International 2, Australia |250 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|URU}} [[Ariel Behar]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ECU}} [[Gonzalo Escobar]] |7–6^(7–5), 6–4 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>10–16</small> |Feb 2022 |Qatar Open, Qatar <small>(2)</small> |250 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|IND}} Rohan Bopanna<br /><br />{{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Denis Shapovalov]] |7–6^(7–4), 6–1 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>10–17</small> |Apr 2022 | style="background:#E9E9E9;" |Miami Open, United States | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Masters 1000 |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|POL}} [[Hubert Hurkacz]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[John Isner]] |6–7^(5–7), 4–6 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |<small>10–18</small> |Apr 2022 | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |Barcelona Open, Spain | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |500 Series |Clay |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|GER}} Kevin Krawietz<br /><br />{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Andreas Mies]] |7–6^(7–3), 6–7^(5–7), [6–10] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>11–18</small> |May 2022 | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Madrid Open, Spain | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Masters 1000 |Clay |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|COL}} [[Juan Sebastián Cabal]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|COL}} [[Robert Farah (tennis)|Robert Farah]] |6–7^(4–7), 6–4, [10–5] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>12–18</small> |Jun 2022 |Rosmalen Championships, Netherlands |250 Series |Grass |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Matthew Ebden]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell]] |4–6, 7–5, [10–6] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>13–18</small> |Aug 2022 | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Canadian Open, Canada | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Masters 1000 |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Dan Evans (tennis)|Dan Evans]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[John Peers]] |6–2, 4–6, [10–6] |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>13–19</small> |Sep 2022 | style="background:#F3E6D7;" |US Open, United States | style="background:#F3E6D7;" |Grand Slam |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|USA}} Rajeev Ram<br /><br />{{Flagicon|GBR}} Joe Salisbury |6–7^(4–7), 5–7 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>14–19</small> |Nov 2022 | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Paris Masters, France | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Masters 1000 |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Ivan Dodig<br /><br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Austin Krajicek |7–6^(7–5), 6–4 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>14–20</small> |Mar 2023 | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Indian Wells Masters, United States | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Masters 1000 |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|IND}} Rohan Bopanna<br /><br />{{Flagicon|AUS}} Matthew Ebden |3–6, 6–2, [8–10] |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |<small>14–21</small> |Apr 2023 | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |Barcelona Open, Spain | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |500 Series |Clay |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|ARG}} [[Máximo González]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} [[Andrés Molteni]] |3–6, 7–6^(10–8), [4–10] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>15–21</small> |Jun 2023 |Rosmalen Championships, Netherlands <small>(2)</small> |250 Series |Grass |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|ECU}} Gonzalo Escobar<br /><br />{{Flagicon|KAZ}} Aleksandr Nedovyesov |7–6^(7–1), 6–2 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>16–21</small> |Jul 2023 | style="background:#F3E6D7;" |Wimbledon Championships, United Kingdom | style="background:#F3E6D7;" |Grand Slam |Grass |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|ESP}} Marcel Granollers<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} Horacio Zeballos |6–4, 6–4 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>16–22</small> |Oct 2023 | bgcolor="D4F1C5" |China Open, China | bgcolor="D4F1C5" |500 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Neal Skupski |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Ivan Dodig <br /><br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Austin Krajicek |7–6^(14–12), 3–6, [5–10] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>17–22</small> |Jan 2024 |Auckland Open, New Zealand |250 Series |Hard |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|ESP}} Marcel Granollers<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} Horacio Zeballos |6–3, 6–7^(5–7), [10–7] |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>18–22</small> |Feb 2024 | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |Rotterdam Open, Netherlands | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |500 Series |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|NED}} Robin Haase<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Botic van de Zandschulp]] |6–3, 7–5 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>19–22</small> |Mar 2024 | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Indian Wells Masters, United States | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Masters 1000 |Hard |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|ESP}} Marcel Granollers<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} Horacio Zeballos |7–6^(7–2), 7–6^(7–4) |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>19–23</small> |Jun 2024 |Rosmalen Championships, Netherlands |250 Series |Grass |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Nathaniel Lammons]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Jackson Withrow]] |6–7^(5–7), 6–7^(3–7) |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>20–23</small> |Oct 2024 | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Shanghai Masters, China | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Masters 1000 |Hard |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|ARG}} Máximo González<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} Andrés Molteni |6–4, 6–4 |- | bgcolor="FFA07A" |Loss |<small>20–24</small> |Oct 2024 | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |Swiss Indoors, Switzerland | style="background:#D4F1C5;" |500 Series |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Jamie Murray<br /><br />{{Flagicon|AUS}} John Peers |3–6, 5–7 |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Win |<small>21–24</small> |Nov 2024 | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Paris Masters, France <small>(2)</small> | style="background:#E9E9E9" |Masters 1000 |Hard (i) |{{Flagicon|CRO}} Nikola Mektić |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Lloyd Glasspool]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|CZE}} [[Adam Pavlásek]] |3–6, 6–3, [10–5] |} {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8e3p2wrz7cd4dtrha3r3qk1p2awz5wn 0 109177 890396 867938 2026-08-02T04:25:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Tunisia_Topography.png|thumb|Taswirar taswirar Tunisia]] Yanayin Tunusiya shine Bahar Rum a arewa, tare da sanyi mai sanyi da zafi mai bushewa.  Kudancin ƙasar hamada ce.  Ƙasar da ke arewa tana da tsaunuka, wanda, yana tafiya kudu, ya ba da hanya zuwa wani fili mai zafi, busasshiyar tsakiyar fili.  Kudanci ba shi da ruwa, kuma ya hade cikin Sahara.  Jerin tafkunan gishiri, waɗanda aka sani da chotts ko shatts, suna kwance a layin gabas-yamma a gefen arewacin Sahara, wanda ya tashi daga Gulf of Gabes zuwa Algeria.  Mafi ƙasƙanci na shimfidar wuri na Tunisiya yana a Chott el Djerid, wanda ke tsaye a kan mita 17 (56 ft) ƙasa da matakin teku kuma mafi tsayi shine Jebel ech Chambi, a mita 1,544 (5,066 ft) sama da matakin teku.. == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:LE_KEf.jpg|thumb|220x220px|guguwar yashi a garin Kef a yankin Arewa maso Yamma a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 2014.]] Yanayin kasar Tunisiya yana fama da nau'ikan iska iri-iri saboda yanayin wurin da yake: gabar tekun arewacin kasar na fuskantar matsakaita da iska mai danshi da ke kadawa daga kudancin Faransa, lamarin da ya haifar da raguwar yanayin zafi da kuma karuwar ruwan sama.  A kudancin kasar, ana samun iska mai zafi da busasshiyar iskar nahiya, irin ta Chergui, da ke kadawa a kan manyan yankunan hamada da ke haifar da tashin gwauron zabi kwatsam da busasshiyar yanayi.  Har ila yau, kasar tana cin gajiyar hasken rana mai yawa, wanda ya zarce sa'o'i 3000 a kowace shekara, wanda ya kai kololuwarta a kudancin hamadar, a kan iyakokin Aljeriya da Libya. Yanayin zafi ya bambanta bisa ga latitude, longitude, da kusancin Tekun Bahar Rum.  Yayin da yanayin zafi zai iya faɗuwa ƙasa da ma'aunin Celsius 0 a cikin hunturu a cikin tsaunin Kemer (Kroumirie), matsakaicin zafin jiki yakan tashi zuwa kusan ma'aunin Celsius 50 a yankunan hamada a lokacin rani.  Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara kuma ya bambanta ta yanki, daga kimanin 1000 mm a arewa zuwa kusan 380 mm a tsakiya da ƙasa zuwa ƙasa da 50 mm a kudu mai nisa. Kasar tana da yanki na kimanin hekta 16,361,000, tare da hekta 9,700,500 na ƙasar noma da hekta 701,200 na ƙasar daji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAO Country Profiles:Tunisia |url=http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=TUN |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=en}}</ref> == Yankuna == [[Fayil:Water_Stress,_Top_Countries_(2020).svg|thumb|Tunisia ita ce kasa ta goma sha takwas mafi yawan ruwa a duniya.]] Yanayin Tunisia ya kasu kashi bakwai, tare da babban bambanci tsakanin arewa da sauran ƙasar saboda tuddan Tunisiya waɗanda ke raba yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin Yanayin Bahar Rum da Yanayin hamada mai zafi na [[Sahara]] - mafi girman hamada mai ɗumi a duniya. Tsakanin su, akwai yanayi mai tsaka-tsaki tare da halaye na yau da kullun tsakanin manyan tsarin yanayi guda biyu a kasar.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Stefan}}{{Page needed|date=November 2023}}</ref> A matsakaici, yanayin zafi a Tunisia yana da yawa, matsakaicin digiri 18 na Celsius a duk shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tunisia Record High and Low Temperature (Celsius) Map and List - Updated November 2023 |url=https://www.plantmaps.com/en/tn/climate/extremes/c/tunisia-record-high-low-temperatures#google_vignette |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Plantmaps.com |language=en}}</ref> Akwai lokaci mai tsawo na 54 ° C a El Borma a cikin kudancin hamada a watan Agusta da kuma lokaci mai tsauri na -15 ° C a Thala (arewa) a watan Fabrairu. Tunisia tana cikin hamada kuma tana da zafi sosai. A lokacin watanni na rani na Agusta da Yuni, zafi yana ci gaba da kasancewa a kusa da matsakaicin zafin jiki na {{Convert|94|F}} ° F (34 ° C) == Canjin yanayi == [[Fayil:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Africa-Tunisia--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|right|thumb|400x400px|Shafin mashaya na canjin zafin jiki a Tunisia daga 1901 zuwa 2020]] [[Fayil:Tunis-climate-graph.gif|thumb|http://www.tunis.climatemps.com/graph.php]] Tunisia ta sami karuwar yawan zafin jiki a cikin ƙarni na 20 da farkon ƙarni na 21, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki ya tashi da kusan 1.2 ° C daga 1901 zuwa 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Regional Climate Change: Tunisia |url=http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/%2Fregions%2Ftunisia |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=Berkeley Earth |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana sa ran wannan yanayin yanayin ya tashi zai ci gaba, wanda ke haifar da tasiri da yawa a kan yanayin halittu na ƙasar, noma, da lafiyar ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bouatrous |first=Asma |last2=Harbaoui |first2=Kalthoum |last3=Karmous |first3=Chahine |last4=Gargouri |first4=Samia |last5=Souissi |first5=Amir |last6=Belguesmi |first6=Karima |last7=Cheikh Mhamed |first7=Hatem |last8=Gharbi |first8=Mohamed Salah |last9=Annabi |first9=Mohamed |date=17 June 2022 |title=Effect of Wheat Monoculture on Durum Wheat Yield under Rainfed Sub-Humid Mediterranean Climate of Tunisia |journal=Agronomy |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=1453 |doi=10.3390/agronomy12061453 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bahar Rum tana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna na duniya da tasirin canjin yanayi ya fi shafa. Yanayin zafi na Bahar Rum yana ƙaruwa da 20% da sauri fiye da matsakaicin duniya.<ref name="Ben Youssef 2022">{{Cite journal |last=Ben Youssef |first=Adel |date=13 October 2022 |title=Climate change in the Tunisian cities: lessons learned and best practices |journal=Environmental Economics and Policy Studies |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=145–164 |doi=10.1007/s10018-022-00353-x |pmc=9559540}}</ref> Kasar tana fuskantar babban rauni ga canjin yanayi, yana tsammanin mummunan tasirin daga yanayin zafi mai girma, karuwar busasshiyar ruwa, rage ruwan sama, da hauhawar matakan teku.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> Wadannan canje-canje ana sa ran za su shafi albarkatun ruwa, noma, yanayin halittu, yankunan bakin teku, kiwon lafiya, da bangaren yawon bude ido.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=USAID |date=2018 |title=Climate Risk Profile: Tunisia |url=https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2023-06/CDCS-Tunisia-November-2027.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210115905/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2023-06/CDCS-Tunisia-November-2027.pdf |archive-date=December 10, 2023}}</ref>&nbsp; Ƙayyadadden albarkatun ruwa da ke akwai a Tunisia yana nufin cewa ƙasar tana da saukin kamuwa da ƙananan canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da raguwar ruwa. Wannan ya sa ayyukan noma suka fi fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sbaouelgi |first=Jihène |date=October 2018 |title=Impact of Climate Change on Date Production in Tunisia |journal=Environmental Modeling & Assessment |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=597–607 |bibcode=2018EMdAs..23..597S |doi=10.1007/s10666-018-9604-8 |s2cid=158243682 |id={{ProQuest|2041233665}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> A sakamakon damuwa kamar hauhawar yanayin zafi, hauhawar matakin teku, da canji a cikin yanayin hazo, haɗarin da zai yiwu ga aikin gona a Tunisia sun haɗa da raguwar amfanin gona, sauyawa a cikin lokutan girma, lalacewar ingancin ƙasa da yawan aiki, karuwar salinization na aquifers da raguwar wadatar ruwa don ban ruwa. Wadannan canje-canje na iya shafar karuwar farashin abinci da karancin abinci da kuma asarar tattalin arziki, duka kudaden shiga na kasa da na gida.<ref name=":2"/> Canjin yanayi yana shafar birane kamar yadda kamfanoni a cikin birane ke ba da gudummawa sosai ga canjin yanayi.<ref name="Ben Youssef 2022"/> A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Habitat, 2021, yankunan birni suna da kusan kashi 70% na hayakin CO2. <ref name="Ben Youssef 2022" /> Yawan mutanen birane a Tunisia yana ƙaruwa. A halin yanzu, kashi 69% na yawan jama'a a Tunisia suna zaune a birane, kuma ana sa ran wannan yawan zai kai kashi 80% nan da shekara ta 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nouhaile |first=Benachir |date=2023 |title=Best practices about climate change in Tunisian cities |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4566966 |ssrn=4566966}}</ref> Yanayin yanayi a Tunisia a arewa yana nuna ruwan sama da yanayin zafin jiki na yanayin Bahar Rum. Yanayin ya zama mai zafi da bushewa yana ci gaba da motsawa zuwa Kudu. Hoton yana nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin a Tunisia a duk shekara, kuma ya haɗa da kwanaki tare da sanyi, tsawon rana, kwanakin rigar, matsakaicin saurin iska, zafin teku, yawan zafin jiki, da matsakaicin tsawon rana na rani. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Graph for Tunis, Tunisia |url=http://www.tunis.climatemps.com/graph.php |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=www.tunis.climatemps.com |archive-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208085758/http://www.tunis.climatemps.com/graph.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da muhalli == Tunisia, wacce aka rarraba a matsayin ƙasa mai matsakaicin matsakaicin kudin shiga bisa ga Ƙungiyar Bankin Duniya, ta yi gagarumin ci gaba a cikin sauye-sauyen siyasa zuwa tsarin dimokuradiyya da tsarin mulki na gaskiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Learning for All Investing in People's Knowledge and Skills to Promote Development |url=http://wbgfiles.worldbank.org/documents/hdn/ed/saber/Education_Strategy_2020.pdf |access-date=December 7, 2023 |website=World Bank Group |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210210448/http://wbgfiles.worldbank.org/documents/hdn/ed/saber/Education_Strategy_2020.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan ya haɗa da sake fasalin ka'idojin siyasa da manufofi. Koyaya, ci gaban tattalin arzikinta bai ci gaba da irin wannan saurin ba.<ref name=":1" /> Al'ummar tana fama da rarrabuwar siyasa da rashin yarjejeniya game da muhimman sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DC |first=Arab Center Washington |date=2023-08-23 |title=Tunisia's Fragmented and Polarized Political Landscape |url=https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/tunisias-fragmented-and-polarized-political-landscape/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Arab Center Washington DC |language=en-US}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, rikice-rikicen da ke gudana a makwabciyar Libya ya kara kalubalen tattalin arziki, yana ba da gudummawa ga rashin jin daɗi na zamantakewa da rashin aikin yi, musamman tsakanin matasa.<ref name=":1"/> Tun bayan juyin juya halin Tunisiya na shekara ta 2011, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Muhalli, ƙungiya mai alhakin a matakin ƙasa, da kuma kananan hukumomi sun shiga cikin tsari mai gudana don haɓaka yanke shawara da shiga cikin matakin gida. Irin waɗannan ayyukan suna da mahimmanci ga daidaitawar sauyin yanayi a matakin birane.<ref name="Ben Youssef 2022"/> Yankunan bakin teku na Tunisia suna da yanayin Bahar Rum, wanda ke ba da damar samarwa da noman 'ya'yan itace, kamar inabi da gonakin inabi, da zaitun.<ref name=":0" /> Koyaya, ƙasar Tunisia tana da girma kuma tana da yankunan hamada inda dabarun noma suka saba da bunƙasa tsakanin ruwan sama mai ƙarancin zafi da matsanancin zafi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tunisia {{!}} Water efficiency, productivity and sustainability in the NENA regions (WEPS-NENA) {{!}} منظمة الأغذية والزراعة للأمم المتحدة |url=https://www.fao.org/in-action/water-efficiency-nena/countries/tunisia/ar/ |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=www.fao.org |archive-date=2023-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114171116/https://www.fao.org/in-action/water-efficiency-nena/countries/tunisia/ar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saboda yanayin yanayi daban-daban na Tunisia da abubuwan jan hankali na bakin teku, yawon bude ido ya kasance muhimmiyar hanyar samun kudaden shiga ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tunisia Tourism Revenue Up 58% in 5 Months |url=https://tunisia-e-visa.com/tunisia-tourism-revenue-up-58-per-cent-in-5-months/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=tunisia-e-visa.com}}</ref> Koyaya, yawon shakatawa na bakin teku da Yaduwar birane a bakin tekun sun shafi yanayin bakin teku da albarkatun ƙasa. == Bayanai == {{Climate chart|[[Tunisia]]|43.6|58.5|2|43.9|60.4|1.8|46.9|63.8|1.7|50.9|68.8|1.4|56.9|76.1|0.8|64|84.1|0.4|68.4|90.4|0.1|69.5|90.2|0.4|66.3|84.6|1.3|59.5|76.4|2.2|51.4|67.4|1.8|45.7|60.6|2.2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] guifmhdnalkbrg4qqt9w1t0xyf8qwh4 0 109356 890395 691857 2026-08-02T04:20:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890395 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Oklahoma_relief_map.png|right|thumb|Taswirar yankin Oklahoma]] [[Fayil:Oklahoma_topographic_map-en.svg|right|thumb|Taswirar ƙasa ta Oklahoma]] Yanayin [[Oklahoma]] ya ƙunshi ƙasa da yanayin halittu daga filayen busasshiyar zuwa gandun daji da duwatsu masu zafi. Oklahoma ta ƙunshi yankuna 10 daban-daban na muhalli, fiye da kowane murabba'in mil fiye da kowane jiha ta hanyar iyaka mai faɗi.<ref name="Oklahoma Terrain">{{Cite web |date=2006-01-12 |title=Oklahoma, All Terrain Vacation |url=http://www.travelok.com/atv/index.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709205916/http://travelok.com/atv/index.asp |archive-date=July 9, 2006 |access-date=2006-07-15 |website=TravelOK |publisher=TravelOK.com}}</ref> Tana cikin Great Plains da yankin US Interior Highlands kusa da cibiyar ƙasa na jihohi 48 da ke kusa. Yawancin lokaci ana ɗaukarsa wani ɓangare na Kudancin Tsakiyar Amurka, Oklahoma tana da iyaka a gabas ta [[Kansas]]" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arkansas">Arkansas da [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]], a arewacin Kansas, a arewa maso yammacin [[Colorado]], a yammacin [[New Mexico]], kuma a kudu da kusa da yammacin [[Texas]]. Jihar tana da manyan tsaunuka huɗu: Dutsen Arbuckle, Dutsen Wichita, Dutsen Ozark da Dutsen Ouachita . <ref name="The Geography of Oklahoma">{{Cite web |date=2007-07-31 |title=The Geography of Oklahoma |url=http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/ok_geography.htm |access-date=2007-07-31 |publisher=Netstate |archive-date=2013-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621044339/http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/ok_geography.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani ɓangare na yankin Highlands na ciki na Amurka, Ozarks da Ouachitas sun zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan yankuna masu tsawo tsakanin Dutsen Rocky da Appalachians.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-03-07 |title=Managing Upland Forests of the Midsouth |url=http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/4159/about/HotSpringsOffice.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622180232/http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/4159/about/HotSpringsOffice.htm |archive-date=2008-06-22 |access-date=2007-07-31 |publisher=USDA Forest Service}}</ref> Wani yanki na Flint Hills ya shimfiɗa zuwa arewa ta tsakiya Oklahoma, kuma a kusurwar kudu maso gabashin jihar, Cavanal Hill ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin tudun mafi tsayi a duniya;  a ƙafa 1,999 (609 m), ya kasa ma'anar dutse da ƙafa ɗaya.[1]  Fiye da rafuka da koguna 500 da aka ambata sun haɗa da magudanan ruwa na Oklahoma, kuma tare da tafkuna 200 da madatsun ruwa suka ƙirƙira, yana riƙe da mafi girman adadin tafki a cikin al'umma.[1]  Oklahoma yana da fadin fili mai fadin murabba'in mil 69,898 (181,030 km2), tare da murabba'in mil 68,667 (177,850 km2) na fili da kuma murabba'in murabba'in mil 1,231 (3,190 km2) na ruwa, wanda ya mai da ita jiha ta 20 mafi girma a Amurka.[2]  Gabaɗaya, an raba shi zuwa yankuna bakwai na yanki: Ƙasar Green (Arewa maso Gabas Oklahoma), Ƙasar Choctaw (Kudu maso Gabas Oklahoma), Oklahoma ta Tsakiya (Ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya), Oklahoma ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya (Ƙasar Chickasaw), Kudu maso Yammacin Oklahoma (Ƙasar Ƙasar Ƙasa), Arewa maso yammacin Oklahoma (Ƙasar Red Carpet), da Oklahoma Panhandle. [[Fayil:Talimenavista1.jpg|thumb|8Duwatsun Ouachita sun rufe yawancin kudu maso gabashin Oklahoma.]] Tana tsakanin Great Plains da Ozark Plateau a cikin Gulf of Mexico watershed, <ref name="Geography Map">{{Cite web |date=2003-04-17 |title=A Tapestry of Time and Terrain |url=http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515044037/http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html |archive-date=2006-05-15 |access-date=2007-07-31 |publisher=[[USGS]]}}</ref> Oklahoma tana gangara sannu a hankali daga iyakokinta na yamma zuwa gabas. <ref name="The Geography of Oklahoma"/><ref name="Topography of Oklahoma">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Oklahoma State Map Collection |url=http://geology.com/state-map/oklahoma.shtml |access-date=2007-08-01 |publisher=geology.com}}</ref> Matsayinta mafi girma da mafi ƙasƙanci suna bin wannan yanayin, tare da mafi girman tsawo, Black Mesa, a ƙafa 4,368 (1,516 m) sama da matakin teku, wanda ke kusa da kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Oklahoma Panhandle. Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci na jihar yana kan Little River kusa da iyakar kudu maso gabashinsa, wanda ke nutsewa zuwa 289 feet (88 m) sama da matakin teku.<ref name="The Climate of Oklahoma">{{Cite web |last=Arndt |first=Derek |date=2003-01-01 |title=The Climate of Oklahoma |url=http://cig.mesonet.org/climateatlas/doc60.html |access-date=2007-07-31 |publisher=Oklahoma Climatological Survey}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yawancin jihar suna cikin manyan wuraren ruwa guda biyu na kogin Red da Arkansas, kodayake kogin Lee da Little suma suna dauke da manyan wuraren ruwa.<ref name="forests 1">{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Oklahoma in Brief |url=http://www.odl.state.ok.us/almanac/2005/3-inbrief.pdf |access-date=2007-08-04 |publisher=State of Oklahoma |format=pdf}}</ref> A cikin kusurwar arewa maso yamma jihar, tsaunuka masu tsawo suna da ƙananan gandun daji na halitta kuma suna juyawa zuwa shimfidar wuri tare da canyons da tsinkaye kamar Dutsen Gilashi. Yankunan da ƙananan tsaunuka suka katse kamar Antelope Hills da Wichita Mountains sun mamaye kudu maso yammacin Oklahoma, kuma filayen da gandun daji na wucin gadi sun rufe tsakiyar jihar. Dutsen Ozark da Ouachita (mai suna Oh-Wa-Sheet-ah) Dutsen suna tashi daga yamma zuwa gabas a kan kashi na uku na gabashin jihar, sannu a hankali suna ƙaruwa a tsawo a gefen gabas.<ref name="Topography of Oklahoma"/><ref name="forests 1" /> Oklahoma baka da tabkuna kaɗan. Wadanda suka wanzu ko dai tafkuna ne na oxbow ko playa. Oklahoma tana da tabkuna sittin da biyu na oxbow sama da kadada 10 (0.040 ) a girman. Mafi girma, kusa da Red River a cikin McCurtain County yana da kadada (1.10 ). Tsawon fari wanda ya fara a 1930 kuma ya haifar da yanayin da ake kira "Dust Bowl", ya haifar da gina manyan tafkuna da yawa a duk fadin jihar. Yanzu, Oklahoma tana da mafi yawan tabkuna da madatsun ruwa suka kirkira a kowace jiha a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], tare da fiye da .<ref name="TravelOK"></ref> == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == [[Fayil:Tallgrass_Prairie_Nature_Preserve_in_Osage_County.jpg|right|thumb|Yawan Bison na Amurka suna zaune a cikin yanayin halittu na jihar.]] dazuzzuka sun rufe kashi 24 cikin dari na Oklahoma, <ref name="TravelOK">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=About Oklahoma |url=http://www.travelok.com/about/index.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707070748/http://www.travelok.com/about/index.asp |archive-date=2006-07-07 |access-date=2006-07-10 |publisher=TravelOK.com }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. TravelOK.com. 2007. Archived from [http://www.travelok.com/about/index.asp the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707070748/http://www.travelok.com/about/index.asp |date=2006-07-07 }} on 2006-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-07-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> da kuma wuraren ciyawa, wanda ya ƙunshi gajeren ciyawa, ciyawa mai gauraye, da tsaunuka masu tsawo, yanayin halittu masu tasowa a cikin tsakiya da yammacin jihar. Inda ruwan sama ya ragu a yankunan yammacin jihar, gajerun ciyawa da shrublands sune mafi mahimmancin yanayin halittu, kodayake pinyon Pine, junipers, da ponderosa pines suna girma kusa da koguna da gadajen rafi a cikin iyakar yammacin panhandle.<ref name="ecology">{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=A Look at Oklahoma: A Student's Guide |url=http://www.travelok.com/about/StudentGuide.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230052128/http://www.travelok.com/about/StudentGuide.pdf |archive-date=December 30, 2006 |access-date=2007-08-14 |publisher=State of Oklahoma |format=pdf}}</ref> Marshlands, gandun daji na cypress da cakuda na shortleaf pine, loblolly pine, sabal minor, da gandun daji masu laushi sun mamaye yankin kudu maso gabashin jihar, yayin da cakuda yawancin gandun daji da suka shafi Ozark a arewa maso gabashin Oklahoma. Yawancin nau'o'in da ba su da yawa kamar su sukari maple, bigtooth maple, kudancin oak mai rai, da nolina suna zaune a Kudu maso yammacin Oklahoma da Dutsen Wichita. <ref name="ecology" /> <ref name="forests 1"/><ref name="OK forests">{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Ecoregional Maps |url=http://www.ok.gov/~okag/forestry-okforestshome.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013192154/http://ok.gov/~okag/forestry-okforestshome.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2007-10-13 |access-date=2007-08-02 |publisher=Oklahoma Department of Agriculture}}</ref> Jihar tana da yawan mutanen da ke da farin wutsiya, coyotes, Bobcats, elk, da tsuntsaye kamar quail, kurciya, cardinals, bald eagles, red-ja-tailed hawks, da pheasants. A cikin yanayin halittu na tsaunuka, Bison na Amurka, manyan tsuntsaye, badgers, da Armadillo sun zama ruwan dare, kuma wasu daga cikin manyan garuruwan kare na tsaunukan ƙasar suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka masu gajeren ciyawa a cikin jihar. Cross Timbers, wani yanki da ke sauyawa daga filayen zuwa gandun daji a Tsakiyar Oklahoma, yana da nau'in dabbobi 351. Duwatsun Ouachita gida ne ga baƙar fata bear, ja fox, grey fox, da yawan kogin otter, waɗanda ke zaune tare da jimlar nau'in dabbobi 328 a kudu maso gabashin Oklahoma.<ref name="ecology"/> == Ƙasashe masu kariya == [[Fayil:Gloss_Mountains.jpg|right|thumb|Mesas sun tashi sama da wurin shakatawa na jihar Oklahoma's Glass Mountain.]] Oklahoma yana da wuraren shakatawa na jihohi 41, dazuzzuka biyu masu kariya na ƙasa ko filayen ciyawa, [] da hanyar sadarwa na kiyaye namun daji da wuraren kiyayewa.  Kashi shida na kadada miliyan 10 na jihar (40,000 km2) na gandun daji ƙasa ce ta jama'a, [2] gami da yammacin dajin Ouachita National Forest, mafi girma kuma mafi tsufa dajin ƙasa a kudancin Amurka.  ya ƙunshi kashi 10 cikin ɗari na tsohon filin ƙasarsa, sau ɗaya yana rufe jihohi 14.[] Bugu da ƙari, Black Kettle National Grassland yana rufe   na filin daji a kudu maso yammacin Oklahoma.[5]  Matsugunin namun daji na tsaunin Wichita shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma na mafakar namun daji na ƙasa tara a cikin jihar[6] kuma an kafa shi a cikin 1901, wanda ya ƙunshi  .[] Na Oklahoma ta wurin shakatawa na tarayya ko wuraren nishaɗi, Yankin Nishaɗin Kasa na Chickasaw shine mafi girma, tare da  .[] Sauran wuraren kariya na tarayya da wuraren tarihi na Santa Fe na ƙasa sun haɗa da hanyoyin Santa Fe.  Shafukan tarihi na filin yaƙi, da Tunawa da Tunawa da Jama'a na birnin Oklahoma.[9]<ref name="Oklahoma national parks">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Oklahoma National Park Guide |url=https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm?st=ok |access-date=2007-08-02 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> [[Fayil:Köppen_Climate_Types_Oklahoma.png|thumb|300x300px|[[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Nau'ikan yanayi na Köppen]] na Oklahoma, ta amfani da yanayin yanayi na 1991-2020.]] [[Fayil:Willrogersmemorial1.JPG|thumb|Hickory, pine, da gandun daji na oak sun mamaye Arewa maso gabashin Oklahoma, wanda ke samun ruwan sama fiye da yankunan yammacin jihar.]] Oklahoma tana zaune a kan hanyoyi masu yawa tsakanin iska daban-daban guda uku: iska mai dumi, mai laushi daga Tekun Mexico; iska mai dumi zuwa mai zafi, iska mai bushe daga Mexico da Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka; da sanyi, iska mai busasshiyar daga Kanada. Musamman daga faduwa zuwa bazara, Oklahoma tana ganin sauye-sauyen iska akai-akai, wanda zai iya haifar da sauye-shiryen sauye-rikice a cikin zafin jiki da danshi. Yawancin jihar galibi suna fuskantar matsanancin zafin jiki, iska, fari, da ruwan sama.<ref name="Climate of OK">{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma's Climate: an Overview |url=http://climate.mesonet.org/county_climate/Products/oklahoma_climate_overview.pdf |access-date=2007-08-01 |publisher=University of Oklahoma |format=pdf}}</ref> Yawancin jihar suna cikin wani yanki da aka sani da Tornado Alley wanda ke da alaƙa da sau da yawa tsakanin iska mai sanyi da mai dumi, wanda ke haifar da Yanayi mai tsanani, tare da watanni masu haɗari daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni.<ref name="The Climate of Oklahoma"/> Matsakaicin [[guguwa]] 62 ya mamaye jihar a kowace shekara, yana mai da wannan ɗayan mafi girma a duniya.<ref name="Annual average number of tornadoes">{{Cite web |title=Tornado Climatology |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html |access-date=2006-10-24 |publisher=NOAA National Climatic Data Center}}</ref> Saboda matsayinta tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na zafin jiki da iskõki, yanayin yanayi a cikin jihar na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin gajerun nesa.<ref name="The Climate of Oklahoma" /> Ruwan sama yana faruwa a duk shekara, amma matsakaicin ruwan sama na kowane wata yana da ƙarancin gaske a cikin watanni na hunturu, yana tashi sosai zuwa mafi girma a watan Mayu (watan da ya fi ruwan sama a cikin jihar, saboda sau da yawa, kuma ba abin mamaki ba, aikin tsawa), kuma yana raguwa a tsakiyar lokacin rani, lokacin da dogon lokaci na zafi, yanayin bushe ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Yuli da Agusta shekaru da yawa. Tun da wuri zuwa tsakiyar fall (Satumba da Oktoba) sau da yawa yana ganin matsakaicin ruwan sama na biyu. Daga ƙarshen Oktoba zuwa Disamba, ruwan sama gabaɗaya yana raguwa. Gabashin Oklahoma yana da [[Yanayin zafi mai zafi]] ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen ''Cfa'']]) wanda iska ta kudu ke kawo danshi daga Tekun Mexico kuma yana da zafi, lokacin zafi da hunturu mai sanyi gabaɗaya, amma tare da sanyi, tare da dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙara ko ruwan sama mai daskarewa. Wannan sauyawa a hankali zuwa yankin da ba shi da ruwa (Köppen ''BSk'') a cikin filayen Panhandle, inda yanayin da ya bushe ya fi dacewa, tare da hunturu mai sanyi da irin wannan lokacin zafi amma ƙananan zafi. Sauran yankuna na tsakiya zuwa yammacin jihar, gami da Lawton da Enid a cikin yankin canji, suma ba su da tasiri daga danshi daga Tekun Mexico. Har ila yau, suna da bushewa fiye da yankunan gabashin Oklahoma.<ref name="Climate of OK" /> Ruwan sama da yanayin zafi suna fadowa daga gabas zuwa yamma daidai, tare da yankuna a kudu maso gabas da ke da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na 62 ° F (17 ° C) da ruwan sama na shekara-mako sama da 40 kuma sama da inci 56 (1,420 , yayin da yankunan panhandle ke da matsakaici 58 ° F (14 ° C), tare da ruwan sama ya shekara-sheko a ƙarƙashin inci 17 (430 . <ref name="The Climate of Oklahoma"/> Dukkanin jihar suna fuskantar yanayin zafi sama da 100 ° F (38 ° C), ko ƙasa da 0 ° F (-18 ° C) (ko da yake yanayin zafi na ƙasa da ƙasa yana da wuya a kudu maso gabashin Oklahoma), <ref name="Climate of OK"/> kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta kasance daga matsakaicin ƙasa da inci 4 (10 a kudu maso kudu zuwa sama da inci 20 (51 a kan iyakar [[Colorado]] a cikin panhandle.<ref name="The Climate of Oklahoma" /> Jihar ita ce gida ga Cibiyar Tsinkaya ta Guguwa ta Kasa ta Sabis ɗin Yanayi na Kasa da ke Norman . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Novy |first=Chris |title=SPC and its Products |url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/misc/about.html |access-date=2007-08-01 |publisher=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> Yanayin hunturu da bazara sau da yawa El Niño Southern Oscillation ne ke rinjayar su. Lokacin hunturu a lokacin El Niño ya fi sanyi fiye da matsakaici kuma ya fi ruwan sama a fadin yammacin jihar saboda karuwar kogin jet na kudanci. A lokacin La Niña, hanyar guguwa ta fi arewa, saboda haka hunturu ya fi zafi fiye da matsakaici kuma ya bushe a yammacin jihar.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 281jf0is3sxd6bkwrt53jeubp1z2fbj 0 109375 890193 683194 2026-08-01T14:49:46Z BnHamid 12586 BnHamid moved page [[Hustle na yanayi]] to [[Climate Hustle (fim)]] 683194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox film|name=Climate Hustle|image=File:Climate Hustle poster.png|writer=[[Marc Morano]]<br />Mick Curran|narrator=[[Marc Morano]]|director=Christopher Rogers|producer=Christopher Rogers|production_companies=CFACT Presents|distributor=[[Fathom Events]]|released={{film date|2016|05|02}}|country=United States|language=English}}Climate Hustle fim ne na 2016 wanda ke ƙin wanzuwa da kuma sanadin canjin yanayi, wanda mai musun canjin yanayi ya ruwaito [1] Marc Morano, wanda Christopher Rogers ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, Morano da Mick Curran suka rubuta, kuma Kwamitin Ƙarfafa Gobe (CFACT), ƙungiyar matsin lamba na kasuwa kyauta ce ta samar da kuɗin burbushin mai. A cewar ''Ars Technica'', fim din yana ba da "da sauri, ba tare da katsewa ba game da ikirarin rashin gaskiya da ƙarya game da kimiyyar yanayi". == Bayani game da shi == Climate Hustle ya kalubalanci [[Yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da canjin yanayi]], yana jayayya cewa yarjejeniyar ta wuce gona da iri kuma wani ɓangare na "aikin muhalli da ake amfani da shi don turawa don kara ka'idojin gwamnati da sabon tsarin makamashi na 'Green'. " Yana ba da jerin sassan da ke gabatar da muhawara waɗanda ke aiki don jefa shakku a kan fannoni na yarjejeniya, yana nuna rashin daidaituwa, kurakurai, da ra'ayoyin siyasa. Sashe sun haɗa da tambayoyin da Morano ya yi. Ya fara ne da bayani game da Monte mai katunan uku, yaudarar Wasan amincewa da aka bayar a matsayin kwatanci don muhawara game da canjin yanayi. == Fitarwa == Christopher Rogers, shugaban Washington, DC wanda ke samar da kafofin watsa labarai na CDR Communications ne ya ba da umarnin Climate Hustle. Kwamitin ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya don gobe mai ginawa (CFACT) ya ba da kuɗi. An gabatar da fim din a matsayin samar da "CFACT Presents", kuma shugaban kungiyar da kuma babban darektan, David Rothbard da Craig Rucker, an ba su kyauta a matsayin masu samar da zartarwa. CFACT kuma tana tallafawa shafin yanar gizon Morano, Climate Depot . === Saki === Climate Hustle ya fara ne a [[Faris|Paris]], Faransa, a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2015, daidai da [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015|Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015]]. An gudanar da gabatarwa ta farko a Amurka a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2016 a Ginin Rayburn a kan Capitol Hill a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], kuma an bi ta da kwamitin tattaunawa wanda ya hada da tsohon Gwamnan Alaska Sarah Palin da David Legates, masanin ilimin yanayi da farfesa a Jami'ar Delaware wanda Koch Industries da sauran masu tallafawa burbushin halittu suka tallafa wa aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David R. Legates &#124; Department of Geography & Spatial Sciences &#124; College of Earth, Ocean & Environment &#124; University of Delaware |url=https://www.ceoe.udel.edu/our-people/profiles/legates}}</ref> Marubucin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Brent Bozell ne ya daidaita shi. Wakilin Amurka Lamar S. Smith, Jamhuriyar Republican ta Texas, ya shirya don halarta amma a maimakon haka ya shirya maganganun buɗewa wanda ya haɗa da zargi cewa hukumomin gwamnatin Amurka sun lalata bayanan yanayi. An nuna shi na rana ɗaya a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo 400 a duk faɗin Amurka a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2016. A wata hira da Variety game da fim din, Palin ta bayyana sha'awarta ga batun, ta ba da labari game da karar da ta shigar a shekarar 2008 a kan gwamnatin Amurka, ta kalubalanci sanya Beyar polar a cikin jerin jinsunan da ke fuskantar barazana a karkashin Dokar Halitta. Palin ya yi jayayya da bayanan hasashen da masana kimiyyar halittu da kungiyoyin muhalli suka samar wanda ya nuna barazana saboda raguwar kankara na teku na Arctic, kodayake alƙalin tarayya ya goyi bayan binciken asali na masana kimiyya. Fathom Events da SpectiCast ne ke gudanar da aikin fim din. == Karɓar baƙi == Rubuta ga The New York Times, Randy Olson, wanda a baya ya yi hira da Morano don fim dinsa na mockumentary, Sizzle: A Global Warming Comedy (2008), wanda ake kira Climate Hustle "mai gajiyarwa", tare da "jin da jin daɗin fim din Michael Moore, amma a cikin wannan ƙungiyar ba. " Olson bai yi sharhi game da abubuwan kimiyya ko pseudoscientific ba, maimakon haka yana kimanta fim din daga hangen nesa.[not] Duk da yake ya sami gyare-gyaren ya zama "mai kyau", ya soki ingancin abubuwan gani, hasken wuta, kuma ya bayyana tsarin labarin a matsayin jerin jerin jerin abubuwan da duk suka zo ga wannan kammalawa: "masana kimiyya na yanayi suna da kuskure kuma suna makirci don yaudarar jama'a. " ''Ars Technica'' ta kuma ta yi watsi da fim din, tana cewa "sashi duk suna gudana tare, tare da batutuwa da ke bayyana sau da yawa kuma ba tare da ainihin zaren da za a bi ba. " Ga Suzanne Goldberg na ''[[The Guardian]]'', "ainihin manufa ga Palin da masu yin fim din - ban da watsa ra'ayoyin makirci daban-daban - shine yin rajistar ci gaba da wanzuwar karamin amma har yanzu yana da iko, duk da cewa sauran duniya suna hanzarta kokarin yaki da canjin yanayi". Masu bita da yawa sun kwatanta da shirin Al Gore na 2006 An Inconvenient Truth . === Rashin amincewa da abubuwan kimiyya === Tushen fim din shine kin amincewa da yarjejeniyar kimiyya mai yawa game da canjin yanayi da tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam akan shi. The Guardian ya yi suka game da fim din "[kore] dumamar yanayi a matsayin uzuri ga gwamnati da kuma yin da'awar karya da cewa tashin iskar Carbon yana da fa'ida."  shekaru masu yawa suna jayayya, kodayake tare da taɓawa akai-akai ''Ars Technica'' ta kwatanta salon fim din da "Gish Gallop", tana kiranta "da sauri, ba tare da katsewa ba game da ikirarin sarari da ƙarya game da kimiyyar yanayi" wanda ya samar da "jerin minti 80 na duk abubuwan da aka fi so na blogosphere. " ".Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi shaidun ƙwararru da yawa don tallafawa ikirarinsa.  A cewar Scott K. Johnson na Ars Technica, wadanda "za su iya kiran kansu masana kimiyyar yanayi da kyau [ana] an zana su daga ƙananan barga na sabawa juna waɗanda ke zagayowar ta hanyar sauraron majalissar lokacin da shaidun masu adawa da juna ke neman" yayin da wasu ke "daidai daga cikin Rolodex na Cibiyar Heartland. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l14kxjkuafdk3jforpr384hmhcf0dfl 890195 890193 2026-08-01T14:50:11Z BnHamid 12586 890195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Climate Hustle fim ne na 2016 wanda ke ƙin wanzuwa da kuma sanadin canjin yanayi, wanda mai musun canjin yanayi ya ruwaito [1] Marc Morano, wanda Christopher Rogers ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, Morano da Mick Curran suka rubuta, kuma Kwamitin Ƙarfafa Gobe (CFACT), ƙungiyar matsin lamba na kasuwa kyauta ce ta samar da kuɗin burbushin mai. A cewar ''Ars Technica'', fim din yana ba da "da sauri, ba tare da katsewa ba game da ikirarin rashin gaskiya da ƙarya game da kimiyyar yanayi". == Bayani game da shi == Climate Hustle ya kalubalanci [[Yarjejeniyar kimiyya game da canjin yanayi]], yana jayayya cewa yarjejeniyar ta wuce gona da iri kuma wani ɓangare na "aikin muhalli da ake amfani da shi don turawa don kara ka'idojin gwamnati da sabon tsarin makamashi na 'Green'. " Yana ba da jerin sassan da ke gabatar da muhawara waɗanda ke aiki don jefa shakku a kan fannoni na yarjejeniya, yana nuna rashin daidaituwa, kurakurai, da ra'ayoyin siyasa. Sashe sun haɗa da tambayoyin da Morano ya yi. Ya fara ne da bayani game da Monte mai katunan uku, yaudarar Wasan amincewa da aka bayar a matsayin kwatanci don muhawara game da canjin yanayi. == Fitarwa == Christopher Rogers, shugaban Washington, DC wanda ke samar da kafofin watsa labarai na CDR Communications ne ya ba da umarnin Climate Hustle. Kwamitin ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya don gobe mai ginawa (CFACT) ya ba da kuɗi. An gabatar da fim din a matsayin samar da "CFACT Presents", kuma shugaban kungiyar da kuma babban darektan, David Rothbard da Craig Rucker, an ba su kyauta a matsayin masu samar da zartarwa. CFACT kuma tana tallafawa shafin yanar gizon Morano, Climate Depot . === Saki === Climate Hustle ya fara ne a [[Faris|Paris]], Faransa, a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2015, daidai da [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015|Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015]]. An gudanar da gabatarwa ta farko a Amurka a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2016 a Ginin Rayburn a kan Capitol Hill a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], kuma an bi ta da kwamitin tattaunawa wanda ya hada da tsohon Gwamnan Alaska Sarah Palin da David Legates, masanin ilimin yanayi da farfesa a Jami'ar Delaware wanda Koch Industries da sauran masu tallafawa burbushin halittu suka tallafa wa aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David R. Legates &#124; Department of Geography & Spatial Sciences &#124; College of Earth, Ocean & Environment &#124; University of Delaware |url=https://www.ceoe.udel.edu/our-people/profiles/legates}}</ref> Marubucin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Brent Bozell ne ya daidaita shi. Wakilin Amurka Lamar S. Smith, Jamhuriyar Republican ta Texas, ya shirya don halarta amma a maimakon haka ya shirya maganganun buɗewa wanda ya haɗa da zargi cewa hukumomin gwamnatin Amurka sun lalata bayanan yanayi. An nuna shi na rana ɗaya a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo 400 a duk faɗin Amurka a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2016. A wata hira da Variety game da fim din, Palin ta bayyana sha'awarta ga batun, ta ba da labari game da karar da ta shigar a shekarar 2008 a kan gwamnatin Amurka, ta kalubalanci sanya Beyar polar a cikin jerin jinsunan da ke fuskantar barazana a karkashin Dokar Halitta. Palin ya yi jayayya da bayanan hasashen da masana kimiyyar halittu da kungiyoyin muhalli suka samar wanda ya nuna barazana saboda raguwar kankara na teku na Arctic, kodayake alƙalin tarayya ya goyi bayan binciken asali na masana kimiyya. Fathom Events da SpectiCast ne ke gudanar da aikin fim din. == Karɓar baƙi == Rubuta ga The New York Times, Randy Olson, wanda a baya ya yi hira da Morano don fim dinsa na mockumentary, Sizzle: A Global Warming Comedy (2008), wanda ake kira Climate Hustle "mai gajiyarwa", tare da "jin da jin daɗin fim din Michael Moore, amma a cikin wannan ƙungiyar ba. " Olson bai yi sharhi game da abubuwan kimiyya ko pseudoscientific ba, maimakon haka yana kimanta fim din daga hangen nesa.[not] Duk da yake ya sami gyare-gyaren ya zama "mai kyau", ya soki ingancin abubuwan gani, hasken wuta, kuma ya bayyana tsarin labarin a matsayin jerin jerin jerin abubuwan da duk suka zo ga wannan kammalawa: "masana kimiyya na yanayi suna da kuskure kuma suna makirci don yaudarar jama'a. " ''Ars Technica'' ta kuma ta yi watsi da fim din, tana cewa "sashi duk suna gudana tare, tare da batutuwa da ke bayyana sau da yawa kuma ba tare da ainihin zaren da za a bi ba. " Ga Suzanne Goldberg na ''[[The Guardian]]'', "ainihin manufa ga Palin da masu yin fim din - ban da watsa ra'ayoyin makirci daban-daban - shine yin rajistar ci gaba da wanzuwar karamin amma har yanzu yana da iko, duk da cewa sauran duniya suna hanzarta kokarin yaki da canjin yanayi". Masu bita da yawa sun kwatanta da shirin Al Gore na 2006 An Inconvenient Truth . === Rashin amincewa da abubuwan kimiyya === Tushen fim din shine kin amincewa da yarjejeniyar kimiyya mai yawa game da canjin yanayi da tasirin ayyukan ɗan adam akan shi. The Guardian ya yi suka game da fim din "[kore] dumamar yanayi a matsayin uzuri ga gwamnati da kuma yin da'awar karya da cewa tashin iskar Carbon yana da fa'ida."  shekaru masu yawa suna jayayya, kodayake tare da taɓawa akai-akai ''Ars Technica'' ta kwatanta salon fim din da "Gish Gallop", tana kiranta "da sauri, ba tare da katsewa ba game da ikirarin sarari da ƙarya game da kimiyyar yanayi" wanda ya samar da "jerin minti 80 na duk abubuwan da aka fi so na blogosphere. " ".Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi shaidun ƙwararru da yawa don tallafawa ikirarinsa.  A cewar Scott K. Johnson na Ars Technica, wadanda "za su iya kiran kansu masana kimiyyar yanayi da kyau [ana] an zana su daga ƙananan barga na sabawa juna waɗanda ke zagayowar ta hanyar sauraron majalissar lokacin da shaidun masu adawa da juna ke neman" yayin da wasu ke "daidai daga cikin Rolodex na Cibiyar Heartland. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] swv25wj9q3rawwrs1sa2m9l5jp8tqoq 0 109564 890197 684712 2026-08-01T14:51:14Z BnHamid 12586 890197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ayyuka masu mahimmanci sun shiga cikin nazarin '''Tasirin [[Canjin yanayi]] akan tsuntsaye'''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Senapathi |first=Deepa |date=2010 |title=Climate Change and Birds: Adaptation, Mitigation & Impacts on Avian Populations. A report on the BOU's Annual Conference held at the University of Leicester, 6–8 April 2010 |journal=Ibis |language=en |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=869–872 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01062.x |issn=1474-919X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kamar sauran kungiyoyin dabbobi, tsuntsaye suna shafar canjin yanayi na mutum (wanda ya haifar da mutum). Binciken ya haɗa da bin diddigin canje-canje a cikin rayuwar jinsuna a cikin shekaru da yawa don mayar da martani ga canjin duniya, kimanta rawar da matsin juyin halitta daban-daban ke takawa <ref name="Horton2023">{{Cite journal |last=Horton |first=Kyle G. |last2=Morris |first2=Sara R. |last3=Van Doren |first3=Benjamin M. |last4=Covino |first4=Kristen M. |date=19 January 2023 |title=Six decades of North American bird banding records reveal plasticity in migration phenology |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=738–750 |bibcode=2023JAnEc..92..738H |doi=10.1111/1365-2656.13887 |pmid=36655993 |s2cid=255973200 |doi-access=free}}</ref> har ma da kwatanta samfuran gidan kayan gargajiya tare da tsuntsaye na zamani don bin diddigirin canje-canjen bayyanar da tsarin jiki.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Franks |first=Samantha E. |last2=Pearce-Higgins |first2=James W. |last3=Atkinson |first3=Sian |last4=Bell |first4=James R. |last5=Botham |first5=Marc S. |last6=Brereton |first6=Tom M. |last7=Harrington |first7=Richard |last8=Leech |first8=David I. |date=2017-11-20 |title=The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity |journal=Global Change Biology |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=957–971 |doi=10.1111/gcb.13960 |issn=1354-1013 |pmid=29152888 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Kiat2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kiat |first=Y. |last2=Vortman |first2=Y. |last3=Sapir |first3=N. |date=10 June 2019 |title=Feather moult and bird appearance are correlated with global warming over the last 200 years |journal=Nature Communications |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=2540 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.2540K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-10452-1 |pmc=6557852 |pmid=31182713 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsinkaya na sauye-sauyen kewayon da ke haifar da tasirin kai tsaye da kai tsaye na canjin yanayi akan nau'in tsuntsaye suna daga cikin mafi mahimmanci, saboda suna da mahimmanci don sanar da aikin kiyaye dabbobi, wanda ake buƙata don rage hadarin halaka daga canjin yanayi.<ref name="unbelievable">{{Cite web |last=Kenn Kaufman |date=March 21, 2018 |title=Climate Change Could Cause Shifts in Bird Ranges That Seem Unbelievable Today |url=https://www.audubon.org/news/climate-change-could-cause-shifts-bird-ranges-seem-unbelievable-today |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=Audubon |language=en}}</ref> Zaɓuɓɓukan [[Rage canjin yanayi]] na iya samun tasiri daban-daban ga tsuntsaye. Koyaya, har ma da Tasirin muhalli na ikon iska an kiyasta ya zama mafi ƙarancin barazana ga tsuntsaye fiye da ci gaba da [[tasirin canjin yanayi]].<ref name="Sovacool2013">{{Cite journal |last=Sovacool |first=B. K. |year=2013 |title=The avian benefits of wind energy: A 2009 update |journal=Renewable Energy |volume=49 |pages=19–24 |bibcode=2013REne...49...19S |doi=10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.074}}</ref> == Dalilan da suka haifar == {{excerpt|Extinction risk from climate change#Birds}}[[Canjin yanayi]] ya ɗaga zafin jiki na Duniya da kimanin {{Convert|1.1|C-change|F-change}} ° C (2.0 ° F) tun lokacin [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]]. Kamar yadda girman fitar da iskar gas a nan gaba da [[Rage canjin yanayi|Ayyukan ragewa]] ya ƙayyade [[Yanayin canjin yanayi]] da aka ɗauka, dumama na iya ƙaruwa daga matakan yanzu da ƙasa da {{Convert|0.4|C-change|F-change}} ° C (0.72 ° F) tare da saurin ragewa da cikakke (mafarki na {{Convert|1.5|C-change|F-change}} ° C (2.7 ° F) Paris) zuwa kusa da {{Convert|3.5|C-change|F-change}} ° C (6.3 ° F) ({{Convert|4.5|C-change|F-change}} ° C (8.1 ° F) daga preindustrial) a ƙarshen ƙarni tare da ƙaruwa sosai kuma ci gaba da ƙara fitar da isar gas. {{Rp|21}} == Tasirin == === Canje-canje na jiki === [[Fayil:Kiat-2019-passerine-plumage.png|thumb|Misalan kayan tarihi na Collared flycatcher (sama) da Eurasian blackbird (kasa) yara idan aka kwatanta da tsuntsaye na zamani. Ana maye gurbin gashin tsuntsaye da gashin tsuntsu na manya a baya, kuma mata yanzu sun kammala canjin da wuri fiye da maza, yayin da a baya akasin haka ne.<ref name="Kiat2019">{{Cite journal |last=Kiat |first=Y. |last2=Vortman |first2=Y. |last3=Sapir |first3=N. |date=10 June 2019 |title=Feather moult and bird appearance are correlated with global warming over the last 200 years |journal=Nature Communications |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=2540 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.2540K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-10452-1 |pmc=6557852 |pmid=31182713 |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] [[Tsuntsu|Tsuntsaye]] rukuni ne na dabbobi masu Jinin dumi waɗanda suka zama aji [[Tsuntsu|Tsuntsaye]], waɗanda ke da gashin tsuntsaye masu ƙanƙara, sa ƙwai masu ƙanshin ƙanƙanta, ƙimar metabolism mai ƙarfi, [[zuciya]] mai ɗaki huɗu, da ƙashin ƙashi mai ƙarfi amma mai sauƙi. Canjin yanayi ya riga ya canza bayyanar wasu tsuntsaye ta hanyar sauƙaƙe canje-canje ga gashin kansu. Kwatanta samfurori na [[Wajan tarihi|gidan kayan gargajiya]] na yara masu tsayi daga 1800s tare da yara iri ɗaya a yau sun nuna cewa waɗannan tsuntsaye yanzu sun kammala canji daga [[Feathers|gashin tsuntsaye]] su zuwa gashin tsuntsu masu girma a baya a rayuwarsu, kuma mata yanzu suna yin hakan kafin maza.<ref name="Kiat20192">{{Cite journal |last=Kiat |first=Y. |last2=Vortman |first2=Y. |last3=Sapir |first3=N. |date=10 June 2019 |title=Feather moult and bird appearance are correlated with global warming over the last 200 years |journal=Nature Communications |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=2540 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.2540K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-10452-1 |pmc=6557852 |pmid=31182713 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, [[Blue tit|blue tits]] an bayyana su da blue da yellow fuka-fukan, amma wani binciken a cikin [[Bahar Rum]] [[Faransa]] ya nuna cewa waɗancan launuka masu banbanci sun zama marasa haske da ƙarfi a cikin lokacin tsakanin 2005 da 2019 kawai.<ref name="study12">{{Cite web |title=Change in bird coloration due to climate change |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220803123125.htm |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=ScienceDaily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=López-Idiáquez |first=David |last2=Teplitsky |first2=Céline |last3=Grégoire |first3=Arnaud |last4=Fargevieille |first4=Amélie |last5=del Rey |first5=María |last6=de Franceschi |first6=Christophe |last7=Charmantier |first7=Anne |last8=Doutrelant |first8=Claire |date=1 July 2022 |title=Long-Term Decrease in Coloration: A Consequence of Climate Change? |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/719655 |journal=The American Naturalist |volume=200 |issue=1 |pages=32–47 |arxiv=2211.13673 |doi=10.1086/719655 |issn=0003-0147 |pmid=35737990 |s2cid=247102554}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka yi a Birnin [[Chicago]] ya nuna cewa tsawon ƙasusuwan ƙananan ƙafafun tsuntsaye (alamu na girman jiki) ya ragu da matsakaicin 2.4% kuma fuka-fukan su sun tsawo da 1.3%. A tsakiyar yankin Amazon, tsuntsaye sun ragu a cikin taro (alamu na girman) har zuwa 2% a kowace shekara goma, kuma sun karu da tsawon fuka-fuki har zuwa 1% a kowace shekara, tare da haɗi zuwa zafin jiki da sauye-sauyen hazo. Wadannan yanayin yanayin yanayi na iya nuna misali na canjin juyin halitta bayan mulkin Bergmann.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2019 |title=North American Birds Are Shrinking, Likely a Result of the Warming Climate |url=https://www.audubon.org/news/north-american-birds-are-shrinking-likely-result-warming-climate |access-date=5 December 2019 |website=Audubon |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weeks |first=Brian C. |last2=Willard |first2=David E. |last3=Zimova |first3=Marketa |last4=Ellis |first4=Aspen A. |last5=Witynski |first5=Max L. |last6=Hennen |first6=Mary |last7=Winger |first7=Benjamin M. |last8=Norris |first8=Ryan |date=4 December 2019 |title=Shared morphological consequences of global warming in North American migratory birds |journal=Ecology Letters |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=316–325 |doi=10.1111/ele.13434 |pmid=31800170 |s2cid=208620935 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jirinec |first=Vitek |last2=Burner |first2=Ryan C. |last3=Amaral |first3=Bruna R. |last4=Bierregaard |first4=Richard O. |last5=Fernández-Arellano |first5=Gilberto |last6=Hernández-Palma |first6=Angélica |last7=Johnson |first7=Erik I. |last8=Lovejoy |first8=Thomas E. |last9=Powell |first9=Luke L. |last10=Rutt |first10=Cameron L. |last11=Wolfe |first11=Jared D. |year=2021 |title=Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest |journal=Science Advances |volume=7 |issue=46 |pages=eabk1743 |bibcode=2021SciA....7.1743J |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abk1743 |pmc=8589309 |pmid=34767440}}</ref> A duk faɗin Eurasia, dusar ƙanƙara ta zama karami da duhu a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=del Mar Delgado |first=Maria |last2=Bettega |first2=Chiara |last3=Martens |first3=Jochen |last4=Päckert |first4=Martin |date=6 November 2019 |title=Ecotypic changes of alpine birds to climate change |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=16082 |bibcode=2019NatSR...916082D |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-52483-0 |pmc=6834662 |pmid=31695069 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hawan yanayin zafi saboda dumamar yanayi an kuma nuna shi don rage girman tsuntsaye masu ƙaura da yawa.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Brainy birds may fare better under climate change: Study is first to directly link cognitive power to a physical response to warming |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220210084942.htm |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=ScienceDaily |language=en}}</ref> A cikin binciken farko don gano alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin fahimta da martani na phenotypic ga [[Canjin yanayi]], masu bincike sun nuna cewa raguwar girman ya fi bayyana a cikin ƙananan tsuntsaye idan aka kwatanta da nau'in manyan.<ref name=":02" /> Rage girman jiki shine amsawa ta gaba ɗaya ga yanayin zafi tunda tsuntsaye masu ƙananan jiki na iya kawar da zafi cikin sauƙi, yana taimakawa wajen magance damuwa da ke haifar da zafi. Rage girman jiki da kwakwalwa kuma yana haifar da rage ikon fahimta da gasa, yana sa ƙananan tsuntsaye su fi sauƙi ga masu cin nama.<ref name=":02" /> A wani binciken inda masu bincike suka kwatanta girman kwakwalwa na nau'in tsuntsaye 1,176, sun gano cewa nau'in da ke kashe karin albarkatu a kan yaransu suna da kwakwalwa mafi girma a matsayin manya.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2023 |title=Brainy birds may fare better under climate change: Study is first to directly link cognitive power to a physical response to warming |url=https://theconversation.com/bird-brained-climate-change-may-affect-intelligence-in-birds-198575 |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=ScienceDaily |language=en}}</ref> Nau'in tsuntsaye da ke ciyar da 'ya'yansu bayan sun haife su sun tsawo lokacin da' ya'yansu zasu iya bunkasa kwakwalwarsu, suna samar da 'ya-ya'ya masu basira da girma. [[Canjin yanayi]] saboda [[Canjin yanayi]] na iya tasiri ga ikon tsuntsaye don samun isasshen abinci don kiyaye kwakwalwarsu da samar da 'ya'yansu, wanda ke haifar da rage girman kwakwalwa. Tsuntsaye masu girma da basira, kamar New Caledonian crow, na iya magance ƙalubalen da canjin yanayi ya kawo.<ref name=":5" /> === Ilimin halitta === [[Fayil:Saalfeld_2021_bird_phenology.png|thumb|Bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin tsuntsayen bakin teku na Arctic tsakanin shekara ta al'ada da shekara mai zafi.<ref name="Saalfeld2021">{{Cite journal |last=Saalfeld |first=Sarah T. |last2=Hill |first2=Brooke L. |last3=Hunter |first3=Christine M. |last4=Frost |first4=Charles J. |last5=Lanctot |first5=Richard B. |date=27 July 2021 |title=Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=15277 |bibcode=2021NatSR..1115277S |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-94788-z |pmc=8316457 |pmid=34315998 |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] Ga jinsuna da yawa, canjin yanayi ya riga ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa na abubuwan da suka faru, wanda shine sabon abu inda lokacin wani bangare na sake zagayowar shekara-shekara na jinsin ya daina daidaitawa da wani, yana lalata lafiya juyin halitta na jinsin. Abubuwan da suka faru kamar haifuwa da ƙaura suna da tsada sosai, kuma galibi suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin sake zagayowar shekara-shekara lokacin da wadatar ganima ta yanayi ta fi girma. Koyaya, abubuwa da yawa da aka kama sun bambanta da abubuwan da ke cikin kuzari da abinci mai gina jiki kuma suna amsawa ga canjin yanayi a ƙididdiga daban-daban fiye da matakan rayuwar tsuntsaye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shipley |first=J. Ryan |last2=Twining |first2=Cornelia W. |last3=Mathieu-Resuge |first3=Margaux |last4=Parmar |first4=Tarn Preet |last5=Kainz |first5=Martin |last6=Martin-Creuzburg |first6=Dominik |last7=Weber |first7=Christine |last8=Winkler |first8=David W. |last9=Graham |first9=Catherine H. |last10=Matthews |first10=Blake |date=February 2022 |title=Climate change shifts the timing of nutritional flux from aquatic insects |journal=Current Biology |language=en |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=1342–1349.e3 |bibcode=2022CBio...32E1342S |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.057 |pmid=35172126 |s2cid=246830106 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu nau'o'in da aka saba da su kamar pied flycatcher na iya ramawa don rashin daidaituwa tsakanin lokacin haihuwar su da girman yawan mutanen da suka fi so (caterpillars) ta hanyar ciyar da 'ya'yansu daban-daban kamar kwari masu tashi da gizo-gizo, wanda ke haifar da rage yawan jiki amma guje wa babban raguwa a cikin Nasarar haifuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Samplonius |first=Jelmer M. |last2=Kappers |first2=Elena F. |last3=Brands |first3=Stef |last4=Both |first4=Christiaan |date=2016-06-23 |title=Phenological mismatch and ontogenetic diet shifts interactively affect offspring condition in a passerine |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |volume=85 |issue=5 |pages=1255–1264 |bibcode=2016JAnEc..85.1255S |doi=10.1111/1365-2656.12554 |issn=0021-8790 |pmid=27263989 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mismatch wani lamari ne mai tsanani ga tsuntsayen bakin teku na Arctic saboda yawan Canjin yanayi a cikin Arctic, wanda ke haifar da abubuwan da suka faru kamar mutuwar da aka haifar da yunwa ta 2016 na kusan 9000 puffins da sauran tsuntsayen teku a [[Alaska]]. <ref name="Saalfeld2021">{{Cite journal |last=Saalfeld |first=Sarah T. |last2=Hill |first2=Brooke L. |last3=Hunter |first3=Christine M. |last4=Frost |first4=Charles J. |last5=Lanctot |first5=Richard B. |date=27 July 2021 |title=Warming Arctic summers unlikely to increase productivity of shorebirds through renesting |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=15277 |bibcode=2021NatSR..1115277S |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-94788-z |pmc=8316457 |pmid=34315998 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Helen Briggs |date=30 May 2019 |title=Climate change link to puffin deaths |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-48447394 |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> tsuntsaye masu ƙaura masu nisa suna da hankali ga rashin daidaituwa na phenological, saboda ƙaruwa da rashin iya bin diddigin canje-canje a cikin yanayin kiwo yayin da suke ƙaura ko daidaita lokacin da za su iya tattara abinci da kiwo. Akwai ƙarin rashin daidaituwa na phenological da ke faruwa a lokacin ƙaurawar bazara, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin yawan jama'a a cikin jinsunan da ke da rashin daidaituwa mafi girma ko asynchrony na phenological, idan aka kwatanta da jinsunan da ba su da ƙarancin hankali ga canjin yanayi sabili da haka ƙarancin buƙatar daidaita tsarin ƙaura.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Franks |first=Samantha E. |last2=Pearce-Higgins |first2=James W. |last3=Atkinson |first3=Sian |last4=Bell |first4=James R. |last5=Botham |first5=Marc S. |last6=Brereton |first6=Tom M. |last7=Harrington |first7=Richard |last8=Leech |first8=David I. |date=2017-11-20 |title=The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity |journal=Global Change Biology |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=957–971 |doi=10.1111/gcb.13960 |issn=1354-1013 |pmid=29152888 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Idan lokacin mafi girman wadataccen nau'in tsuntsaye ya faru a baya fiye da lokacin ƙaura saboda yanayin zafi, to mai yiwuwa zai rasa lokacin tattara albarkatu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fraser |first=Kevin C. |last2=Shave |first2=Amanda |last3=de Greef |first3=Evelien |last4=Siegrist |first4=Joseph |last5=Garroway |first5=Colin J. |date=2019-09-06 |title=Individual Variability in Migration Timing Can Explain Long-Term, Population-Level Advances in a Songbird |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2019.00324 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free}}</ref> A mayar da martani, an lura da canje-canje a cikin ilimin tsuntsaye a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, kamar tsawo na ƙaurawar bazara. Dabbobi daban-daban na iya samun abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura, don haka canje-canje a cikin tsarin ƙaura na iya bambanta, amma ga mutane da yawa, akwai alaƙa tsakanin yanayin zafi kuma in ba haka ba bambance-bambance da ba a bayyana su ba a cikin lokacin ƙaura a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Gabaɗaya, mutane na farko suna ƙaura a baya kuma na baya-bayan nan suna ƙaura ne a irin wannan lokacin ko daga baya fiye da baya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Senapathi |first=Deepa |date=2010 |title=Climate Change and Birds: Adaptation, Mitigation & Impacts on Avian Populations. A report on the BOU's Annual Conference held at the University of Leicester, 6–8 April 2010 |journal=Ibis |language=en |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=869–872 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01062.x |issn=1474-919X |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFSenapathi2010">Senapathi, Deepa (2010). [[doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01062.x|"Climate Change and Birds: Adaptation, Mitigation & Impacts on Avian Populations. A report on the BOU's Annual Conference held at the University of Leicester, 6–8 April 2010"]]. ''Ibis''. '''152''' (4): <span class="nowrap">869–</span>872. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01062.x|10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01062.x]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1474-919X 1474-919X].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=VAN BUSKIRK |first=JOSH |last2=MULVIHILL |first2=ROBERT S. |last3=LEBERMAN |first3=ROBERT C. |date=March 2009 |title=Variable shifts in spring and autumn migration phenology in North American songbirds associated with climate change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01751.x |journal=Global Change Biology |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=760–771 |bibcode=2009GCBio..15..760V |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01751.x |issn=1354-1013 |s2cid=84920348 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wood warblers a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] suna ba da sanannen misali, kamar yadda bincike na shekaru 60 na bayanai ya nuna cewa kowane ƙarin yanayin zafi na farko ya bayyana don kawo ƙaura 0.65 kwanaki kusa.<ref name="Horton2023">{{Cite journal |last=Horton |first=Kyle G. |last2=Morris |first2=Sara R. |last3=Van Doren |first3=Benjamin M. |last4=Covino |first4=Kristen M. |date=19 January 2023 |title=Six decades of North American bird banding records reveal plasticity in migration phenology |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=738–750 |bibcode=2023JAnEc..92..738H |doi=10.1111/1365-2656.13887 |pmid=36655993 |s2cid=255973200 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFHortonMorrisVan_DorenCovino2023">Horton, Kyle G.; Morris, Sara R.; Van Doren, Benjamin M.; Covino, Kristen M. (19 January 2023). [[doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13887|"Six decades of North American bird banding records reveal plasticity in migration phenology"]]. ''Journal of Animal Ecology''. '''92''' (3): <span class="nowrap">738–</span>750. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023JAnEc..92..738H 2023JAnEc..92..738H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13887|10.1111/1365-2656.13887]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36655993 36655993]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255973200 255973200].</cite></ref> Akwai wasu muhawara na kimiyya game da ko irin waɗannan sauye-sauye suna wakiltar canjin juyin halitta, ko filastik na phenotypic. A wasu kalmomi, kawai saboda mutane da yawa a cikin jinsin sun canza yanayin su, ba yana nufin cewa canjin zai taimaka wa waɗancan mutane su sami nasarar haihuwa kuma su ci gaba da canjin halayyar a cikin ƙarni na gaba, tunda sauye-sauyen mutum na iya zama ba daidai ba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman tare da canjin yanayi, saboda canjin canjin sa ya zama da wuya a daidaita lokacin daidai, kuma yana yiwuwa ga mutane a cikin tsararraki da yawa su amsa irin waɗannan alamun muhalli a cikin wannan hanya, amma ba tare da fa'idar haifuwa ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Charmantier |first=Anne |last2=Gienapp |first2=Phillip |date=12 November 2013 |title=Climate change and timing of avian breeding and migration: evolutionary versus plastic changes |journal=Evolutionary Applications |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=15–28 |doi=10.1111/eva.12126 |issn=1752-4571 |pmc=3894895 |pmid=24454545 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu nau'o'in da suka kara yawan kwanakin sa kwai da kuma ci gaba da lokacin ƙaura na bazara sun nuna mafi kyawun yanayin yawan jama'a, kamar wasu tsuntsaye da ke kiwo a Biritaniya, amma wannan kawai yana ba da shaidar kai tsaye.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Franks |first=Samantha E. |last2=Pearce-Higgins |first2=James W. |last3=Atkinson |first3=Sian |last4=Bell |first4=James R. |last5=Botham |first5=Marc S. |last6=Brereton |first6=Tom M. |last7=Harrington |first7=Richard |last8=Leech |first8=David I. |date=2017-11-20 |title=The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity |journal=Global Change Biology |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=957–971 |doi=10.1111/gcb.13960 |issn=1354-1013 |pmid=29152888 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFFranksPearce-HigginsAtkinsonBell2017">Franks, Samantha E.; Pearce-Higgins, James W.; Atkinson, Sian; Bell, James R.; Botham, Marc S.; Brereton, Tom M.; Harrington, Richard; Leech, David I. (2017-11-20). [[doi:10.1111/gcb.13960|"The sensitivity of breeding songbirds to changes in seasonal timing is linked to population change but cannot be directly attributed to the effects of trophic asynchrony on productivity"]]. ''Global Change Biology''. '''24''' (3): <span class="nowrap">957–</span>971. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1111/gcb.13960|10.1111/gcb.13960]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-1013 1354-1013]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29152888 29152888].</cite></ref> Har zuwa yau, Common terns suna ɗaya daga cikin 'yan jinsuna inda aka tabbatar da matsin lamba don ƙaura a baya (motsawa na gaba na kwanaki 9.3 sama da shekaru 27) don samun wani sashi na gado a ciki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moiron |first=Maria |last2=Teplitsky |first2=Céline |last3=Haest |first3=Birgen |last4=Charmantier |first4=Anne |last5=Bouwhuis |first5=Sandra |date=3 May 2023 |title=Micro-evolutionary response of spring migration timing in a wild seabird |journal=Evolution Letters |volume=8 |pages=8–17 |doi=10.1093/evlett/qrad014 |pmc=10872114 |pmid=38370547 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Leucistic_great_tit.jpg|left|thumb|Wani mutum ne mai girma.]] Babban tits yana ba da sanannen misali na rikitarwa na bin diddigin canjin phenology. A shekara ta {{Convert|2|C-change|F-change}}, an lura da raguwar yawan jama'a saboda rashin daidaituwa na >10-day tsakanin lokacin kiwo da suka fi so da kuma yawan yawan jama'ar caterpillars, tushen abincin da suka fi dacewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Visser |first=Marcel E. |last2=Holleman |first2=Leonard J. M. |last3=Gienapp |first3=Phillip |date=February 2006 |title=Shifts in caterpillar biomass phenology due to climate change and its impact on the breeding biology of an insectivorous bird |journal=Oecologia |volume=147 |issue=1 |pages=164–172 |bibcode=2006Oecol.147..164V |doi=10.1007/s00442-005-0299-6 |issn=0029-8549 |pmid=16328547 |s2cid=27648066}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, 'ya'yan da aka haifa a farkon lokacin da yawan caterpillar ke cikin mafi kyawun yanayin jiki fiye da waɗanda aka haifa daga baya a lokacin kiwo, wanda ya kamata ya yi aiki a matsayin direba na juyin halitta.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Kaliński |first=Adam |last2=Bańbura |first2=Mirosława |last3=Glądalski |first3=Michał |last4=Markowski |first4=Marcin |last5=Skwarska |first5=Joanna |last6=Wawrzyniak |first6=Jarosław |last7=Zieliński |first7=Piotr |last8=Bańbura |first8=Jerzy |date=2019-07-08 |title=Physiological condition of nestling great tits (Parus major) declines with the date of brood initiation: a long term study of first clutches |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=9843 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.9843K |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-46263-z |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6614424 |pmid=31285462 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Duk da haka, lambobi na caterpillar suna shafar fiye da yanayi, tare da yanayin jiki na masu samar da asali na gida kamar itatuwan oak sau da yawa suna da mahimmanci ga lambobin su, kuma saboda haka, don lokacin da ya fi dacewa ga manyan mutane su sa qwai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cole |first=Ella F. |last2=Regan |first2=Charlotte E. |last3=Sheldon |first3=Ben C. |date=27 September 2021 |title=Spatial variation in avian phenological response to climate change linked to tree health |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7b0c37bb-ab3d-4133-9934-c7c3be13f028 |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=872–878 |bibcode=2021NatCC..11..872C |doi=10.1038/s41558-021-01140-4 |s2cid=237947627}}</ref> Duk da haka, a shekara ta 2021, an lura cewa babban ilimin tit ya ci gaba da ci gaba har ma da ƙarshen bazara, kuma ta haka ne mafi girman lambobin caterpillar, ya canza kadan tun daga shekara ta 2006. Don haka, rashin daidaituwa na phenological ga manyan tits yanzu ya fi ƙasa da baya, yana nuna nasarar daidaitawa, amma dumama na gaba zai iya ƙara rashin daidaituwa. Idan [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]] ta cika kuma zafi ya kai {{Convert|1.5|C-change|F-change}} ° C (2.7 ° F) ko 2 ° C (3.6 ° F), to rashin daidaituwa zai kai kusan a shekara ta 2050 sannan ya sake raguwa yayin da jinsin zai ci gaba da daidaitawa. A karkashin RCP4.5 da RCP8.5, yanayin sauye-sauye guda biyu masu tsanani, matsakaicin rashin daidaituwa na phenological zai sake kasancewa a kwanaki 10 a ƙarshen karni ko ma ya kai kusan kwanaki 15 da ba a taɓa gani ba, bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Visser |first=Marcel E. |last2=Lindner |first2=Melanie |last3=Gienapp |first3=Phillip |last4=Lonng |first4=Matthew C. |last5=Jenouvrier |first5=Stephanie |date=24 November 2021 |title=Recent natural variability in global warming weakened phenological mismatch and selection on seasonal timing in great tits (Parus major) |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B |volume=147 |issue=1 |pages=164–172 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2021.1337 |pmc=8611334 |pmid=34814747}}</ref> === Abubuwan da suka faru na matsananciyar damuwa === [[Fayil:Extreme_weather_under_global_warming.svg|thumb|Tsinkaya na matsanancin yanayi a matakai daban-daban na dumamar duniya.]] Baya ga ci gaba da karuwa a cikin zafin jiki da sauye-sauye a cikin yanayin hazo, canjin yanayi yana ƙara yawan abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi, kuma waɗannan na iya zama masu lalacewa ga nau'in da aka kama a cikin hanyarsu. Carnaby's Black Cockatoo wani nau'i ne a kudu maso yammacin [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] wanda ya sha wahala sosai a cikin yawan jama'a bayan kawai abubuwa biyu masu tsanani - mummunan zafi da guguwar ƙanƙara tsakanin Oktoban shekarar 2009 da Maris, shekara ta 2010. <ref name="Saunders2011">{{Cite journal |last=Saunders |first=Denis A. |last2=Mawson |first2=Peter |last3=Dawson |first3=Rick |date=2011 |title=The impact of two extreme weather events and other causes of death on Carnaby's Black Cockatoo: a promise of things to come for a threatened species? |url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/pc/pc110141 |journal=Pacific Conservation Biology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=141–148 |doi=10.1071/pc110141 |issn=2204-4604 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A [[Turai]], ƙananan kestrels suna da alama suna daidaitawa da dumama mai gudana, amma an lura da rasa ƙarin 'ya'ya a lokacin matsanancin watanni.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marcelino |first=J. |last2=Silva |first2=J. P. |last3=Gameiro |first3=J. |last4=Silva |first4=A. |last5=Rego |first5=F. C. |last6=Moreira |first6=F. |last7=Catry |first7=I. |date=29 April 2020 |title=Extreme events are more likely to affect the breeding success of lesser kestrels than average climate change |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=7207 |bibcode=2020NatSR..10.7207M |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-64087-0 |pmc=7190627 |pmid=32350294 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Canjin yanayi an san shi da kara haɗari da tsananin gobarar daji a sassa da yawa na duniya, inda yake bushe shuke-shuke kuma yana rage girman dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Matthew |last2=Smith |first2=Adam |last3=Betts |first3=Richard |last4=Canadell |first4=Josep |last5=Prentice |first5=Collin |last6=Le Quéré |first6=Corrine |title=Climate Change Increases the Risk of Wildfires |url=https://sciencebrief.org/briefs/wildfires |access-date=16 February 2022 |website=ScienceBrief}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Dunne |first=Daisy |date=14 July 2020 |title=Explainer: How climate change is affecting wildfires around the world |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-climate-change-is-affecting-wildfires-around-the-world |access-date=17 February 2022 |website=Carbon Brief}}</ref> Wutar daji na iya lalata wuraren zama na wasu tsuntsaye: bayan Lokacin gobarar daji na Australiya na 2019-20, ana ɗaukar ƙauyuka na emu a bakin tekun New South Wales a cikin haɗari mai girma.<ref name="atlantic">{{Cite web |last=Ed Yong |date=Jan 14, 2020 |title=The Bleak Future of Australian Wildlife |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/01/australias-fires-have-been-devastating-for-wildlife/604837/ |access-date=Feb 8, 2020 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> A Lokacin gobarar daji na Yammacin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] na shekarar 2020, daya daga cikin garuruwa biyu kawai na Cassia Crossbill ya cika da wuta.<ref name="Cassia2020">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-14 |title=Nearly Half of the Cassia Crossbill's Population Could Be Lost After Wildfire |url=https://www.audubon.org/news/nearly-half-cassia-crossbills-population-could-be-lost-after-wildfire |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=Audubon |language=en}}</ref> Duk da yake yawancin nau'ikan tsuntsaye na iya tsira daga lalacewar mazauninsu ta hanyar tashi, har yanzu [[Hayaƙi|hayaki]] gobarar daji na iya shafar su sosai. Wannan damuwa ce ta musamman ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ƙaura waɗanda za a iya kama su a cikin yankin da ke cike da hayaki yayin da suke ƙaura. A cikin shekara ta 2020, "dubban dubbai har ma da tsuntsaye miliyan daya sun mutu a fadin akalla jihohin Amurka guda biyar da jihohin Mexico guda huɗu", da farko na nau'in ƙaura.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin Johnson |date=September 16, 2020 |title=The Southwest Is Facing an 'Unprecedented' Migratory Bird Die-Off |url=https://www.audubon.org/news/the-southwest-facing-unprecedented-migratory-bird-die |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=Audubon |language=en}}</ref> Wannan taron "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba" an haɗa shi da hayakin gobara a shekara mai zuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshua Rapp Learn |date=26 March 2021 |title=Mass Bird Die-Off Linked to Wildfires and Toxic Gases |url=https://eos.org/research-spotlights/mass-bird-die-off-linked-to-wildfires-and-toxic-gases |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=[[Eos (magazine)|EOS]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Di |last2=Yang |first2=Anni |last3=Yang |first3=Jue |last4=Xu |first4=Rongting |last5=Qiu |first5=Han |date=8 March 2021 |title=Unprecedented Migratory Bird Die-Off: A Citizen-Based Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Mass Mortality Events in the Western United States |journal=GeoHealth |language=en |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=e2021GH000395 |bibcode=2021GHeal...5..395Y |doi=10.1029/2021GH000395 |pmc=8029984 |pmid=33855250 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yankunan shorebird sau da yawa suna da mummunar tasiri ta hanyar hauhawar matakin teku, duka saboda raguwar sannu a hankali daga halin da ke gudana, da kuma guguwa guguwa ta kwatsam da sauran abubuwan da suka faru. Daga baya a cikin karni, matakin teku a Gabashin Gabashin Amurka na iya ci gaba sosai cewa babban guguwa zai iya ambaliya har zuwa 95% na mazaunin bututun mai na yanzu a yankin, yayin da ikonsa na canza mazaunin ciki na iya ƙuntata ta hanyar ci gaban bakin teku na gaba.<ref name="Seavey2011">{{Cite journal |last=Seavey |first=Jennifer R. |last2=Gilmer |first2=Ben |last3=McGarigal |first3=Kevin M. |date=January 2011 |title=Effect of sea-level rise on piping plover (Charadrius melodus) breeding habitat |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320710004167 |journal=Biological Conservation |language=en |volume=144 |issue=1 |pages=393–401 |bibcode=2011BCons.144..393S |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.017 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Har ila yau, yawan mutanen Gulf Coast suna cikin haɗari, tare da yiwuwar asarar kashi 16% na mazaunin ta hanyar 2100 zuwa ambaliyar ruwa kadai, da haɗarin guguwa mai tsanani da ci gaban ɗan adam na bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Convertino |first=Matteo |last2=Bockelie |first2=Adam |last3=Kiker |first3=Gregory A |last4=Muñoz-Carpena |first4=Rafael |last5=Linkov |first5=Igor |date=2012-10-30 |title=Shorebird patches as fingerprints of fractal coastline fluctuations due to climate change |journal=Ecological Processes |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=9 |bibcode=2012EcoPr...1....9C |doi=10.1186/2192-1709-1-9 |issn=2192-1709 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Abin mamaki shine, yawan masu amfani da bututu na cikin gida na iya amfana daga ambaliyar ruwa mai karfi da canjin yanayi ya haifar, kamar yadda yashi mai budewa da suke gida a ciki na iya kauce wa tsiro da tsiro a kai a kai idan an ambaliya sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru huɗu, wanda ya faru kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai na Amurka amma yanzu an rage shi zuwa sau ɗaya a kowace shekara ashirin ta hanyar kokarin daidaitawa na bakin teku don kare dukiyar ɗan adam. Sakamakon haka, ambaliyar ruwa ta gaba da canjin yanayi ya haifar na iya dawo da tarihin tarihi ga jinsin, kodayake akwai karamin haɗarin canjin yanayi ko dai yana haifar da ambaliyar mai yawa ko bushe yankin a ƙarƙashin wasu al'amuran.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zeigler |first=Sara L. |last2=Catlin |first2=Daniel H. |last3=Brown |first3=Mary Bomberger |last4=Fraser |first4=James D. |last5=Dinan |first5=Lauren R. |last6=Hunt |first6=Kelsi L. |last7=Jorgensen |first7=Joel G. |last8=Karpanty |first8=Sarah M. |date=11 January 2017 |title=Effects of climate change and anthropogenic modification on a disturbance-dependent species in a large riverine system |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.1653 |journal=Ecosphere |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=e01653 |bibcode=2017Ecosp...8E1653Z |doi=10.1002/ecs2.1653 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Yankin === [[Fayil:Bateman_2020_na_birds_shift.jpg|thumb|Yankunan [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] waɗanda aka yi hasashen cewa jinsunan suna motsawa a cikinsu a kan net (blue) ko rasa su (ja) a {{Convert|3|C-change|F-change}} ° C (5.4 ° F) na dumama daga preindustrial.]] Canjin yanayi na iya sa yanayin gidaje ba za a iya jurewa ba ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban. Misali, tsuntsayen bakin teku suna gida a cikin [[yashi]], kuma yawan mutanen bakin teku na mafi ƙanƙanta da bututu sun riga sun san su da shan wahala daga yanayin yashi da ke ƙaruwa kuma a wasu lokuta suna da zafi sosai, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andes |first=Alicia K. |last2=Sherfy |first2=Mark H. |last3=Shaffer |first3=Terry L. |last4=Ellis-Felege |first4=Susan N. |date=July 2020 |title=Plasticity of Least Tern and Piping Plover nesting behaviors in response to sand temperature |journal=Journal of Thermal Biology |language=en |volume=91 |pages=102579 |bibcode=2020JTBio..9102579A |doi=10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102579 |pmid=32716890 |doi-access=free}}</ref> yayin da tsuntsayen [[Desert|hamada]] na iya mutuwa gaba ɗaya daga [[Dehydration|rashin ruwa]] a kwanakin zafi da ba a taɓa gani ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meghan Bartels |date=February 13, 2017 |title=In a Hotter World, Desert Birds Will Face a Much Higher Risk of Dehydration |url=https://www.audubon.org/news/in-hotter-world-desert-birds-will-face-much-higher-risk-dehydration |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=Audubon |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Albright |first=Thomas P. |last2=Mutiibwa |first2=Denis |last3=Gerson |first3=Alexander. R. |last4=Krabbe Smith |first4=Eric |last5=Talbot |first5=William A. |last6=O’Neill |first6=Jacqueline J. |last7=McKechnie |first7=Andrew E. |last8=Wolf |first8=Blair O. |date=February 13, 2017 |title=Mapping evaporative water loss in desert passerines reveals an expanding threat of lethal dehydration |journal=PNAS |volume=114 |issue=9 |pages=2283–2288 |bibcode=2017PNAS..114.2283A |doi=10.1073/pnas.1613625114 |pmc=5338552 |pmid=28193891 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana sa ran [[Species distribution|kewayon]] tsuntsaye da yawa za su canza a sakamakon haka, kamar yadda "canjin yanayi ya tilasta nau'ikan su motsa, su daidaita ko su mutu. " Misali, an lura da ƙananan [[House sparrow|Tsuntsaye na gida]] suna tafiya daga gidajen iyayensu fiye da baya, don mayar da martani ga yanayin zafi. Canjin yanayi kuma an haɗa shi da raguwar da aka lura a cikin lambobi da raguwar kewayon tsatsa baƙar fata, wanda a baya ya zama ruwan dare amma a halin yanzu yana da rauni a nau'in [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McClure |first=Christopher J. W. |last2=Rolek |first2=Brian W. |last3=McDonald |first3=Kenneth |last4=Hill |first4=Geoffrey E. |date=January 16, 2012 |title=Climate change and the decline of a once common bird |journal=Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=21 |issue=12 |pages=4342–4352 |bibcode=2012EcoEv...2..370M |doi=10.1002/ece3.95 |pmc=3298949 |pmid=22423330 |s2cid=17474939}}</ref> Canje-canje na Range suna ƙaruwa a cikin [[latitude]], kamar tare da nau'ikan [[Asiya]] guda biyu na Black-tailed godwit, waɗanda ake sa ran su matsa kusa da Arewacin Pole.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Senapathi |first=Deepa |date=2010 |title=Climate Change and Birds: Adaptation, Mitigation & Impacts on Avian Populations. A report on the BOU's Annual Conference held at the University of Leicester, 6–8 April 2010 |journal=Ibis |language=en |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=869–872 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01062.x |issn=1474-919X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gidajensu gabaɗaya na iya raguwa sosai zuwa kusan 16% na halin yanzu, tare da duk tsoffin wuraren da suka dace da su sun ɓace.<ref name="Zhu20222">{{Cite journal |last=Zhu |first=Bing-Run |last2=Verhoeven |first2=Mo A. |last3=Velasco |first3=Nicolas |last4=Sanchez-Aguilar |first4=Lisa |last5=Zhang |first5=Zhengwang |last6=Piersma |first6=Theunis |date=18 June 2022 |title=Current breeding distributions and predicted range shifts under climate change in two subspecies of Black-tailed Godwits in Asia |journal=Global Change Biology |volume=28 |issue=18 |pages=5416–5426 |doi=10.1111/gcb.16308 |pmc=9544271 |pmid=35716047}}</ref> Baya ga motsawa zuwa gefen, nau'in tsuntsaye kusa da [[Tsauni|duwatsu]] suna canzawa zuwa yanayin sanyi na tsaunuka masu tsawo. A [[Indiya]], ana sa ran 66-73% na nau'in 1,091 za su motsa sama ko arewa don mayar da martani ga canjin yanayi. Kusan kashi 60% za su ga kewayon su ragu, tare da sauran suna samun kewayon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deomurari |first=Arpit |last2=Sharma |first2=Ajay |last3=Ghose |first3=Dipankar |last4=Singh |first4=Randeep |date=10 March 2023 |title=Projected Shifts in Bird Distribution in India under Climate Change |journal=Diversity |volume=15 |issue=3 |page=404 |doi=10.3390/d15030404 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Baya ga hauhawar yanayin zafi, canjin yanayi na iya tasiri ga kewayon tsuntsaye ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin hazo. Misali, karuwar [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] a wasu yanayin alpine ya dace da tsinkaya na Tasirin canjin yanayi akan sake zagayowar ruwa. Wannan ya haɗa da wasu mazaunin tsuntsayen savannah da larks masu ƙaho, waɗanda aka sani suna da mafi girman mutuwar gidaje na yau da kullun idan mahallinsu ya yi [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] a jere fiye da kwana biyu, idan aka kwatanta da babu ruwan sama kwata-kwata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Kathy |last2=Wilson |first2=Scott |last3=MacDonald |first3=Elizabeth C. |last4=Camfield |first4=Alaine F. |last5=Martin |first5=Michaela |last6=Trefry |first6=Sarah A. |date=2017-07-01 |title=Effects of severe weather on reproduction for sympatric songbirds in an alpine environment: Interactions of climate extremes influence nesting success |journal=The Auk |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=696–709 |doi=10.1642/AUK-16-271.1 |issn=1938-4254 |s2cid=89912283 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An ƙuntata Robin mai launin toka ga gandun daji na yankin zafi mai zafi a arewa maso gabashin Queensland na Australia da kuma wasu jama'a a cikin tsaunuka na New Guinea. Yana buƙatar yanayin sanyi wanda za'a iya samunsa ne kawai a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma, duk da haka ba kamar sauran jinsuna ba, ba zai iya ci gaba da canza kewayonsa ba har zuwa duwatsu, kamar yadda in ba haka ba yana fama da hazo mai yawa. Wadannan ƙuntatawa a kan iyakar da ake da ita sun sa ya kasance mai saukin kamuwa da canjin yanayi na gaba.<ref name="Li2009">{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Jin |last2=Hilbert |first2=David W. |last3=Parker |first3=Trevor |last4=Williams |first4=Stephen |date=8 January 2009 |title=How do species respond to climate change along an elevation gradient? A case study of the grey-headed robin (Heteromyias albispecularis) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01737.x |journal=Global Change Biology |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=255–267 |bibcode=2009GCBio..15..255L |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01737.x |s2cid=84822516 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A gefe guda, a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], ana sa ran furen willow na kudu maso yamma zai rasa ''aƙalla'' kashi 62% na yawan jama'arta ta hanyar 2100 a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi da kashi 36% a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsakiya, amma bazai sha wahala ba a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin zafi, a babban bangare saboda yiwuwar juyin halitta. Koyaya, idan tasirin fari na gaba ya ƙare musamman mai tsanani ga jinsin a lokacin da yake zama, zai iya ƙare ya rasa mafi yawan yawan yawan jama'arta har ma a cikin yanayin zafi mai sauƙi, da kuma 93% ko >99% a cikin yanayin dumi mafi girma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Forester |first=Brenna R |last2=Day |first2=Casey C |last3=Ruegg |first3=Kristen |last4=Landguth |first4=Erin L |date=February 4, 2023 |title=Evolutionary potential mitigates extinction risk under climate change in the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher |journal=Journal of Heredity |language=en |volume=21 |issue=12 |pages=4342–4352 |doi=10.1093/jhered/esac067 |pmc=10287148 |pmid=36738446 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ayyukan ɗan adam galibi suna hulɗa da tasirin canjin yanayi. Misali, a cikin ciyawa na [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], ma'adinin filin zai rasa kashi 77-92% na yankinsa ta hanyar 2080 a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi da 68-74% a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsakiya, wanda ke da damuwa musamman saboda rashin wuraren da aka kare ga wannan nau'in.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meireles |first=Ricardo C. |last2=Lopes |first2=Leonardo E. |last3=Brito |first3=Gustavo R. |last4=Solar |first4=Ricardo |date=February 14, 2023 |title=The future of suitable habitats of an endangered Neotropical grassland bird: A path to extinction? |journal=Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=e9802 |bibcode=2023EcoEv..13E9802M |doi=10.1002/ece3.9802 |pmc=9926175 |pmid=36818528}}</ref> Tsuntsu ya ga raguwar kewayonsa a arewacin Afirka amma yana ƙaruwa a kudancin Afirka saboda canjin yanayi.<ref name=":4" /> Canjin yanayi yana fa'idar ci gaban gandun daji a kan ciyawa a kudancin Afirka, wanda ke samar da karin bishiyoyi don nesting. Koyaya, karuwar su a cikin kewayon da yawa a kudu an taimaka musu da layin wutar lantarki. Infrastructure na lantarki yana ba da ƙarin gidaje da wuraren zama, wanda zai iya ƙara yawan nau'in.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=S. J. |last2=Madden |first2=C. F. |last3=Barnard |first3=P. |last4=Amar |first4=A. |date=2016 |title=Electric crows: powerlines, climate change and the emergence of a native invader |journal=Diversity and Distributions |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=17–29 |bibcode=2016DivDi..22...17C |doi=10.1111/ddi.12381 |issn=1472-4642 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kuma a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], an bayyana sauye-sauyen da aka tsara a matsayin "maras tabbas" ta hanyar masana na National Audubon Society. Duk da yake daya daga cikin dalilan shi ne nesa da su, ɗayan kuma saboda ga jinsunan da ba su ƙaura ba, za su iya zama gaskiya ne kawai tare da [[Taimako na ƙaura|taimakon ƙaura]], in ba haka ba ba za su iya ƙetare shingen halitta zuwa sababbin wuraren zama masu dacewa ba kuma a maimakon haka za a cire su daga tsoffin su.<ref name="unbelievable">{{Cite web |last=Kenn Kaufman |date=March 21, 2018 |title=Climate Change Could Cause Shifts in Bird Ranges That Seem Unbelievable Today |url=https://www.audubon.org/news/climate-change-could-cause-shifts-bird-ranges-seem-unbelievable-today |access-date=25 June 2023 |website=Audubon |language=en}}</ref> == Rashin Kashewa == {{Reflist}} == Tasirin ayyukan rage canjin yanayi == [[Rage canjin yanayi]] yana amfana da yawancin nau'in tsuntsaye a cikin dogon lokaci ta hanyar iyakance tasirin [[tasirin canjin yanayi]]. Koyaya, dabarun ragewa na iya samun sakamako mai rikitarwa da ba a yi niyya ba. Wasu suna ba da fa'idodi tare kamar yadda kula da gandun daji ke ba da wutar daji na iya ƙara mazaunin tsuntsaye. Wasu dabarun amfanin gona don sabuntawa na iya ƙara wadatar jinsuna gaba ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da ayyukan noma na gargajiya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Senapathi |first=Deepa |date=2010 |title=Climate Change and Birds: Adaptation, Mitigation & Impacts on Avian Populations. A report on the BOU's Annual Conference held at the University of Leicester, 6–8 April 2010 |journal=Ibis |language=en |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=869–872 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01062.x |issn=1474-919X |doi-access=free}}</ref> A gefe guda, tsarin wutar lantarki na iya shafar tsuntsaye masu yawa, <ref name=":0" /> amma akwai ƙananan bincike saboda iyakancewar ɗaukar wannan nau'in makamashi mai sabuntawa. An san gonakin iska da haɗari ga tsuntsaye, kuma an gano su da cutar da nau'o'in kamar gaggafa masu farin wutsi da kuma wutsiyoyi. Wannan na iya zama matsala ta hangen nesa, saboda yawancin tsuntsaye suna da hangen nesa mara kyau. Za'a iya rage haɗarin turbine na iska idan an sanya hasumiyoyi a bayyane ga tsuntsaye, ko kuma an sanya su a wurare mafi kyau.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Senapathi |first=Deepa |date=2010 |title=Climate Change and Birds: Adaptation, Mitigation & Impacts on Avian Populations. A report on the BOU's Annual Conference held at the University of Leicester, 6–8 April 2010 |journal=Ibis |language=en |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=869–872 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01062.x |issn=1474-919X |doi-access=free}}</ref> A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], an kiyasta cewa tsakanin tsuntsaye 140,000 da 500,000 suna mutuwa a kowace shekara daga haɗari da turbines na iska, wanda zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa miliyan 1.4 idan an ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki sau shida. A matsakaici, haɗuwa sune mafi ƙarancin lokaci a yankin Great Plains, inda kimanin tsuntsaye 2.92 suka haɗu da turbine a kowace shekara, sun fi girma a Yamma da Gabashin ƙasar (4.72 da 6.86 tsuntsaye a kowace turbine a shekara) kuma sune mafi girma a [[California]] inda tsuntsaye 7.85 suka haɗu tare da kowane turbine a kowane shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wind Turbines |url=https://www.fws.gov/birds/bird-enthusiasts/threats-to-birds/collisions/wind-turbines.php |website=[[FWS]] |language=en}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, tsofaffin gonakin iska suna la'akari da tsuntsaye ƙasa da matsayi, kuma wannan ya haifar da yawan mace-mace fiye da gonakin iska da aka girka bayan ci gaban ingantaccen jagororin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shepherd |first=Abby |date=2022-08-01 |title=Wind turbines and solar panels can hurt birds and bats. A Missouri group hopes to help |url=http://thebeacon.media/stories/2022/08/01/a-work-group-formed-in-2019-with-the-goal-of-creating-guidelines-for-renewable-energy-infrastructure-developers-to-ensure-that-birds-bats-and-their-habitats-are-protected/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=The Beacon |language=en-US}}</ref> Sabon bincike ya nuna cewa a cikin jihar [[Indiya]] ta [[Karnataka]], mutuwar shekara-shekara ta kowane turbine tana da 0.26 a kowace shekara, wanda ya haɗa da tsuntsaye da [[Jemage|jemagu]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumara |first=Honnavalli N. |last2=Babu |first2=S. |last3=Babu Rao |first3=G. |last4=Mahato |first4=Santanu |last5=Bhattacharya |first5=Malyasri |last6=Ranga Rao |first6=Nitin Venkatesh |last7=Tamiliniyan |first7=D. |last8=Parengal |first8=Harif |last9=Deepak |first9=D. |last10=Balakrishnan |first10=Athira L. |last11=Bilaskar |first11=Mahesh |date=25 January 2022 |title=Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=1339 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.1339K |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-05159-1 |pmc=8789773 |pmid=35079039}}</ref> Lokacin da aka gina gonar iska ta bakin teku a kan hanyar jirgin sama ta Gabashin Asiya-Australasian, al'ummar tsuntsaye sun bayyana don daidaitawa bayan shekara guda na aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bai |first=Mei-Ling |last2=Chih |first2=Wen-Chieh |last3=Lee |first3=Pei-Fen |last4=Lien |first4=Yu-Yi |date=11 March 2021 |title=Response of waterbird abundance and flight behavior to a coastal wind farm on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-021-08985-4 |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |volume=193 |issue=4 |page=181 |bibcode=2021EMnAs.193..181B |doi=10.1007/s10661-021-08985-4 |pmid=33694006 |s2cid=232173283 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Koyaya, har ma da tsofaffin gonakin iska an kiyasta suna da alhakin rasa ƙasa da tsuntsaye 0.4 a kowace gigawatt-hour (GWh) na wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin 2009, idan aka kwatanta da tsuntsayen sama da 5 a kowace GWh don tashoshin wutar lantarki na burbushin halittu.<ref name="Sovacool2013">{{Cite journal |last=Sovacool |first=B. K. |year=2013 |title=The avian benefits of wind energy: A 2009 update |journal=Renewable Energy |volume=49 |pages=19–24 |bibcode=2013REne...49...19S |doi=10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.074}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Taimako na ƙaura]] * Tasirin canjin yanayi a kan halittu * Hadarin ƙaurawar tsuntsaye * Rashin tsuntsaye * Kare tsuntsaye * Lokacin raguwa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Tsuntsu]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qtqb5dccbns3nksgkr2e7iousres38o 0 110045 890391 838032 2026-08-02T03:36:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890391 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Dubai_Skyline_on_10_January_2008.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Girgije a kan Dubai a cikin hunturu]] [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]] tana da hamada mai zafi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geographic Location & Climate |url=https://mediaoffice.ae/general-information/geographic-location-climate |access-date=21 Apr 2024 |website=Dubai Government Media Office}}</ref> yanayin zafi. Dubai tana da yanayi biyu - hunturu da rani. Ruwan sama yana ƙaruwa 'yan shekarun da suka gabata a cikin birni yana tarawa zuwa fiye da {{Convert|130|mm|2}} in) a kowace shekara. == Lokaci == === Lokacin bazara === Lokacin bazara a Dubai yana farawa kusan satin ƙarshe na Afrilu kuma yana ƙarewa kusan satin farko na Oktoba.  Wannan lokacin yana da yanayin zafi sosai, iska mai zafi da zafi mai yawa.  Saboda kusancin birnin da teku, yanayin zafi a Dubai ya dan yi sanyi a lokacin rani idan aka kwatanta da sauran garuruwan yankin Gulf kamar Kuwait City da Riyadh.  Duk da haka, wannan yana nufin birnin yana da zafi mai yawa wanda zai iya sa yanayin ya zama marar kyau a lokacin rani.  Ana samun karancin ruwan sama a cikin watannin bazara, amma yanayin iska yana tabbatar da cewa ana samun [[Guguwa|guguwar]] kura akai-akai.  Tsawa mai karfi, guguwa mai zafi, da guguwar kura ba bakon abu ba ne a cikin birnin a wannan lokacin, wadannan suna tare da iska mai karfi daga arewa maso yamma da kuma yanayin zafi.  Yanayin zafi akai-akai yana wuce 38 °C (100 °F) a wannan lokacin kuma yana faɗi zuwa kusan 26 °C (79 °F) na dare.  Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a Dubai shine 50.1 °C (122 °F), wanda ya kai a watan Yuli 2023. <ref name="khaleejtimes.com">{{Cite web |title=UAE temperature crosses 50°C for first time this summer |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-temperatures-cross-50oc-for-first-time-this-summer |access-date=July 20, 2023 |website=Khaleej Times}}</ref> Lokacin hunturu a Dubai yana farawa a cikin makon da ya gabata na Oktoba kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. Yawancin hazo yana faruwa a wannan kakar. hadari mai karfi ba sabon abu ba ne a cikin birni a wannan lokacin, waɗannan suna tare da iska mai karfi na arewa maso yamma da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Matsakaicin lokacin rana a lokacin Janairu, watan da ya fi sanyi, yana kusa da {{Convert|22|C|0}} ° C (72 ° F) tare da saukar dare na {{Convert|12|C|0}} ° C ({{Convert|5|C|0}} ° F). Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a Dubai shine 5 ° C (41 ° F), wanda aka kai a farkon safiya daga 10 zuwa 12 Janairu 2021.<ref name="Report">{{Cite web |title=UAE weather: Temperature dips to below 0°C |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/weather/uae-weather-temperature-dips-to-below-0degc |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tasirin mai zafi na birni yana yin tasiri akan Dubai ma, misali a cikin watannin hunturu lokacin da yanayin zafi a kai a kai yana faɗuwa zuwa kusan 15 °C (59 °F) kuma ya ragu a bayan gari da kewayensa, yanayin zafi a Tsakiyar Dubai da wuya ya faɗi ƙasa da 18 °C (64 °F).  Ana iya ganin wannan a fili idan aka kwatanta bayanan yanayi daga filayen jiragen sama guda biyu na birnin - Filin Jirgin Sama na Dubai da Filin Jirgin Sama na Al Maktoum.  A lokacin rani duk da haka, akasin haka ne tare da matsakaicin tsayin da zai kai kusan 43 °C (109 °F) a bayan gari da 38 °C (100 °F) a tsakiyar Dubai == Rarrabawar == {{Schemebox|city=Dubai|source_k=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=49114&cityname=Dubai,+United+Arab+Emirates|title=Dubai, United Arab Emirates Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2019-07-02}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MrJiDwAAQBAJ&q=dubai+koppen+bwh&pg=PA168|title=Urban Land Systems: An Ecosystems Perspective|last1=Millington|first1=iAndrew|last2=Nagendra|first2=Harini|last3=Kopecká|first3=Monika|date=2018-07-02|publisher=MDPI|isbn=9783038429173|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/OMDB|title=Dubai International Airport - SKYbrary Aviation Safety|website=www.skybrary.aero|access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>|initial_k={{KoppenClimate|BWh}}|description_k=Hot [[desert climate]]{{efn|Also called tropical and subtropical [[desert climate]]}}|source_t=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kkh.ltrr.arizona.edu/kkh/climate/trewartha_maps.htm|title=Trewartha maps|website=kkh.ltrr.arizona.edu|access-date=2019-07-01}}</ref>|initial_t={{TrewarthaClimate|BWh}}|description_t=[[Desert climate]]|source_a=<ref>{{Citation|title=Русский: Климатические пояса Земли по Б. П. Алисову.|date=2011-06-16|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alisov%27s_classification_of_climate_ru.jpg|access-date=2019-07-01}}</ref>|initial_a={{n/a}}|description_a=[[Tropical climate]]{{efn|Dry [[tropical climate]]}}|source_s=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c5/16/b8/c516b8c463fa99df0da778f768c85965.jpg|title=World Strahler Climate Map}}</ref>|initial_s={{n/a}}|description_s=Dry [[tropical climate]]|source_tw=<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Feddema|first=Johannes J.|date=January 2005|title=A Revised Thornthwaite-Type Global Climate Classification|journal=Physical Geography|language=en|volume=26|issue=6|pages=442–466|doi=10.2747/0272-3646.26.6.442|bibcode=2005PhGeo..26..442F |s2cid=128745497|issn=0272-3646}}</ref>|initial_tw={{center|''E A' ''}}|description_tw=[[Arid]] and [[megathermal]]|source_n=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/geographie/klimaklassifikation/4159|title=Klimaklassifikation|website=www.spektrum.de|language=de|access-date=2019-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.klett.de/sixcms/media.php/klett72.a.427.de/upload/klimazonen_neef.jpg|title=Klimazonen nach E. Neef (1989)|publisher=Klett-Perthes}}</ref>|initial_n={{n/a}}|description_n=Dry climate of [[trade winds]]}}{{Weather box}}{{Weather box}} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" ! colspan="14" |Bayanan yanayi na Dubai |- !Wata !Jan !Fabrairu !Tekun !Afrilu !Mayu !Yuni !Yuli !Aug !Satumba !Oktoba !Nuwamba !Disamba ! style="border-left-width:medium" |Shekara |- !Matsakaicin zafin teku ° C (° F) | style="background:#ff8100; color:#000;" |20.8(69.4)<br /> | style="background:#ff9e00; color:#000;" |20.6(69.1)<br /> | style="background:#ff8500; color:#000;" |22.3(72.1)<br /> | style="background:#ff5800; color:#000;" |25.0(77.0)<br /> | style="background:#ff1700; color:#fff;" |28.5(83.3)<br /> | style="background:#f10000; color:#fff;" |30.7(87.2)<br /> | style="background:#e80000; color:#fff;" |32.2(90.0)<br /> | style="background:#e10000; color:#fff;" |32.8(91.0)<br /> | style="background:#e40000; color:#fff;" |31.9(89.4)<br /> | style="background:#f30000; color:#fff;" |29.7(85.5)<br /> | style="background:#ff1b00; color:#fff;" |27.1(80.8)<br /> | style="background:#ff5a00; color:#000;" |23.3(74.0)<br /> | style="background:#f20; color:#fff; border-left-width:medium;" |27.1(80.8)<br /> |- !Matsakaicin UltravioletAlamar Ultraviolet | style="background:#f85900; color:#000;" |6 | style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;" |8 | style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;" |10 | style="background:#6b49c8; color:#000;" |11+ | style="background:#6b49c8; color:#000;" |11+ | style="background:#6b49c8; color:#000;" |11+ | style="background:#6b49c8; color:#000;" |11+ | style="background:#6b49c8; color:#000;" |11+ | style="background:#6b49c8; color:#000;" |11+ | style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;" |8 | style="background:#f85900; color:#000;" |6 | style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;" |5 | style="background:#d8001d; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;" |9.2 |- ! colspan="14" style="background:#F8F9FA;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;" |Tushen #1: seatemperature.org <ref name="Seatemperature">{{Cite web |title=Monthly Dubai water temperature chart |url=http://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/united-arab-emirates/dubai-december.htm |access-date=20 January 2014 |publisher=Seatemperatures.org}}</ref> |- ! colspan="14" style="background:#F8F9FA;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;" |Tushen #2: Weather Atlas <ref name="Weather Atlas">{{Cite web |title=Dubai, United Arab Emirates – Climate data |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-arab-emirates/dubai-climate |access-date=8 March 2017 |publisher=Weather Atlas }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |} == Yanayin yanayi == The climate of Dubai is warm and sunny due to its position near the line of the Tropic of Cancer.<ref name="dubai.com">{{Cite web |date=2013-05-27 |title=Dubai Geography – Information, climate and weather in Dubai |url=http://www.dubai.com/v/geography/ |access-date=2013-06-01 |publisher=Dubai.com}}</ref> During the winter season it has an average daytime temperature of {{Convert|25|C|F}}. Nighttime temperatures near the coastline range between {{Convert|12|C|F}} to {{Convert|15|C|F}}, while in the desert they are {{Convert|5|C|F}} with the nights being relatively cool throughout the year. Near coastal areas humidity averages between 50% and 60%. In the summer, the weather in Dubai is very hot and humid, with temperatures exceeding {{Convert|43|C|F}} mainly in the months of July and August. The sea temperature could also reach {{Convert|37|C|F}}, with humidity averaging over 90%.<ref name="dubai.com" /> Rainfall in Dubai is infrequent and does not last for a long period. It mostly rains during the winter period between November and March in the form of short downpours and an occasional thunderstorm. On average, rain falls only 25 days a year. Fabrairu shine watan da ya fi ruwan sama a Dubai tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|35|mm|in}} in) na ruwan sama.{{Convert|27|C|F}} Yanayi a Dubai ya bushe sosai a watan Yuni tare da kadan ko babu ruwan sama; duk da haka, ruwan sama mai yawa tare da tsawa na iya faɗuwa ba zato ba tsammani a wasu kwanaki a watan Yuni, duk da cewa shi ne watan da ya fi bushewa a Dubai, tare da misali shine Yuni 21, 2019. <ref name="visit-dubai-city.com">{{Cite web |title=Weather in Dubai City – Information on the Weather in Dubai, UAE |url=http://www.visit-dubai-city.com/weather-in-dubai.html |access-date=2013-06-01 |publisher=Visit-dubai-city.com |archive-date=2013-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921214141/http://www.visit-dubai-city.com/weather-in-dubai.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2019 |title=Rain lashes UAE after scorching 49°C temperatures |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/rain-lashes-uae-after-scorching-69-c-temperatures-1.877219}}</ref> Maris da Disamba suma sun yi rikodin ruwan sama. Ruwan sama a lokacin Janairu, Afrilu, Yuli, Oktoba da Nuwamba kusan matsakaici ne yayin da adadin ruwan sama a watan Mayu, Agusta da Satumba ya fi ƙasa.<ref name="visit-dubai-city.com" /> Watanni mafi zafi sune Yuli da Agusta tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi wanda ya wuce {{Convert|43|C|F}} ° C (109 ° F). Janairu shine watan da ya fi sanyi tare da saman kusan {{Convert|24|C|F}} ° C (75 ° F) da kuma ƙasa na kusan {{Convert|16|C|F}} ° C (61 ° F). Dubai tana da zafi sosai kuma tana da danshi watanni na Yuli da Agusta, tare da yanayin zafi da ke kusa da {{Convert|45|C|F}} ° C (113 ° F), kuma tare da ƙananan ƙasa da {{Convert|30|C|F}} ° C (86 ° F), yana mai da shi mafi kyawun lokacin ziyartar Dubai. A cikin watanni na Mayu, Yuni, Satumba, da Oktoba, yanayin zafi yana da zafi, amma yana da kyau sosai, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin {{Convert|41|C|F}} ° C (106 ° F) kuma tare da raguwa na kusan 27 ° C (81 ° F) a matsakaici, yana mai da shi lokaci mai kyau don ziyartar rairayin bakin teku ko tafkin iyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magnus Hansén |title=All year weather in Dubai |url=http://www.allyearweather.com/dubai.php |access-date=2022-08-09 |publisher=Allyearweather.com |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526035914/https://www.allyearweather.com/dubai.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dubai, Dubai - June Weather - Holiday Weather |url=https://www.holiday-weather.com/dubai/averages/june/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather in UAE {{pipe}} Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn |url=https://seawings.ae/weather-in-uae/#:~:text=Summer%20season%20in%20UAE%3A,very%20high%20averaging%20over%2090%25 |access-date=2025-08-03 |archive-date=2024-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302033838/https://seawings.ae/weather-in-uae/#:~:text=Summer%20season%20in%20UAE%3A,very%20high%20averaging%20over%2090%25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yanayin yanayi ta wata == <section end="weatherbox" />A watan Janairu matsakaicin zafin rana a Dubai yawanci yana kusa da {{Convert|25|C|F}} ° C (77 ° F), tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin kusan {{Convert|16|C|F}} ° C (61 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama shine 10 mm (0.4 inci) na, tare da ruwan sama gabaɗaya yana faɗuwa kwanaki biyu kawai na wata. Yayinda matsakaicin zafin teku a watan Janairu shine {{Convert|22|C|F}} ° C (72 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> An kuma san Janairu da samun kwanakin abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba. A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2008, an rubuta ruwan sama na {{Convert|110|mm|in}} in) a cikin awanni 24.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-01-16 |title=Downpour continues as Dubai receives record rainfall |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/environment/downpour-continues-as-dubai-receives-record-rainfall-1.78027 |access-date=2013-06-01 |website=Gulf News}}</ref>&nbsp; A watan Fabrairu matsakaicin zafin rana a Dubai shine {{Convert|27|C|F}} ° C (81 ° F) tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin yawan zafin dare na {{Convert|17|C|F}} ° C (63 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama shine {{Convert|35|mm|in}} in) a lokacin Fabrairu. Yayinda matsakaicin zafin teku shine {{Convert|22|C|F}} ° C (72 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> A watan Maris matsakaicin zafin rana shine {{Convert|30|C|F}} ° C (86 ° F), tare da matsakaicin zafi da zafi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Maris shine kimanin {{Convert|20|C|F}} ° C (68 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama shine {{Convert|27|mm|in}} in) a lokacin Maris, tare da ruwan sama gabaɗaya yana faɗuwa kwanaki huɗu kawai na watan. Yayinda matsakaicin zafin teku shine {{Convert|23|C|F}} ° C (73 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> Hadari mai karfi sau da yawa ya mamaye birnin a wannan watan, wanda ya biyo bayan karuwar yanayin zafi. A watan Afrilu matsakaicin zafin rana shine {{Convert|34|C|F}} ° C (93 ° F), tare da zafi da zafi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Afrilu shine kimanin {{Convert|23|C|F}} ° C (73 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama shine {{Convert|8|mm|in}} in) tare da ruwan sama gabaɗaya yana faɗuwa kwanaki biyu kawai na wata. Matsakaicin zafin teku a watan Afrilu shine {{Convert|24|C|F}} ° C (75 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> A ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2024, babban ambaliyar ruwa ya faru a Dubai yayin da sama da inci 6.5 (shekaru 2 na ruwan sama) ya fadi a birnin a cikin rana 1 kawai. A watan Mayu matsakaicin zafin rana shine {{Convert|1|mm|in}}" >38 ° C (100 ° F), tare da zafi da zafi sosai. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Mayu shine kimanin {{Convert|26|C|F}} ° C (79 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama shine 1 in) a lokacin Mayu, tare da ruwan sama gabaɗaya yana faɗuwa a rana ɗaya kawai na wata. Matsakaicin zafin teku shine {{Convert|28|C|F}} ° C (82 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> A watan Yuni matsakaicin zafin rana shine {{Convert|1|mm|in}}" 40 ° C (104 ° F), tare da zafi da zafi sosai. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Yuni shine kimanin {{Convert|28|C|F}} ° C (82 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama bai kai 1 in) ba a watan Yuni, tare da yiwuwar ruwan sama wanda za'a iya sa ran ya fadi a daya daga cikin kwanakin watan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video: Rain hits parts of Dubai, Sharjah; weather warning issued |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/weather/video-rain-hits-parts-of-dubai-sharjah-weather-warning-issued}}</ref> Matsakaicin zafin teku a watan Yuni shine {{Convert|31|C|F}} ° C (88 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> A watan Yuli matsakaicin zafin rana yana da yawa {{Convert|1|mm|in}}" data-mw='{"parts":[{"templ>43 ° C (109 ° F) tare da matsanancin zafi da zafi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Yuli shine kimanin {{Convert|31|C|F}} ° C (88 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama yana da kusan 1 in) a watan Yuli, tare da ruwan sama a wasu lokuta yana faɗuwa a daya dag kwanakin watan. Matsakaicin zafin teku a watan Yuli shine {{Convert|32|C|F}} ° C (90 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com">{{Cite web |title=Airports – Who flies there? |url=http://www.weather2flights.com/airports/index.php?airport=DXB#weather_october |access-date=2013-06-01 |publisher=Weather2flights.com}}</ref> Hadari mai karfi sau da yawa yana tasowa da sauri a cikin waɗannan watanni na rani kuma ya buge kewayen birnin a yankuna kamar Filin jirgin saman DWC, Al Lisaili, Lahbab, Al Khawaneej, Al Awir da Muhaisnah, musamman a ƙarshen rana. A watan Agusta matsakaicin zafin rana yana da yawa {{Convert|1|mm|in}}"43 ° C (109 ° F), tare da matsanancin zafi da zafi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Agusta shine kimanin {{Convert|32|C|F}} ° C (90 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama bai kai 1 in) ba a watan Agusta, tare da yiwuwar ruwan sama wanda za'a iya sa ran ya fadi a daya daga cikin kwanakin watan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2019 |title=Here's why UAE was hit by rain and dust storm in summer |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/weather/heres-why-uae-was-hit-by-rain-and-dust-storm-in-summer-1.65969554}}</ref> Matsakaicin zafin teku a watan Agusta shine {{Convert|33|C|F}} ° C (91 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> A watan Satumba matsakaicin zafin rana shine {{Convert|39|C|F}} ° C (102 ° F), tare da zafi da zafi sosai. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Satumba shine {{Convert|28|C|F}} ° C (82 ° F). Akwai karancin damar samun ruwan sama a watan Satumba. Matsakaicin zafin teku a watan Satumba shine {{Convert|32|C|F}} ° C (90 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> A watan Oktoba matsakaicin zafin rana shine {{Convert|36|C|F}} ° C (97 ° F), tare da zafi da zafi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Oktoba shine {{Convert|25|C|F}} ° C (77 ° F). Matsakaicin zafin teku a kusa da Filin jirgin saman Dubai a watan Oktoba shine {{Convert|30|C|F}} ° C (86 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> A watan Nuwamba matsakaicin zafin rana shine 31 °C (88 °F), tare da matsakaicin zafi da zafi.  Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin Nuwamba shine 21 °C (70 °F).  A matsakaita milimita 3 (0.12 in) na ruwan sama na iya faruwa a watan Nuwamba.  Matsakaicin zafin teku a watan Nuwamba shine.<ref name="weather2flights.com"/> A watan Disamba matsakaicin zafin rana shine {{Convert|27|C|F}} ° C (81 ° F), sanyi zuwa dumi tare da zafi mai yawa. Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Disamba shine {{Convert|18|C|F}} ° C (64 ° F). Matsakaicin ruwan sama watan shine {{Convert|15|mm|in}} in). Tare da ruwan sama yawanci yana faɗuwa a cikin kwanaki 2 kawai na wata. Matsakaicin zafin teku a watan Disamba shine {{Convert|25|C|F}} ° C (77 ° F). <ref name="weather2flights.com"/> == Sandstorms da matsanancin abubuwan da suka faru == A lokacin rani, wani yanki mai matsin lamba yana tasowa a kan Dubai yana tilasta iska mai karfi ta arewa maso yamma don busawa daga Saudi Arabia. Wadannan iskõki, wanda aka fi sani da Shamal (arewa) a cikin Larabci, sun zama masu saurin gaske kuma ba za a iya hango su ba a lokacin da suka isa Dubai, suna ɗaga yashi na hamada da rage ganuwa. Yankin yashi na iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa; sanannun yashi da abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi da suka faru a Dubai a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata sun haɗa da: * Tsakanin 10 ga Yuni da 29 ga Yuni 2024, wani mummunan zafi ya afku a Dubai da sauran sassan UAE tare da zafin da ya kai 46 °C (115 °F) a cikin birnin da kuma 49.4 °C (120.9 °F) a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, maimakon yanayin da aka saba yi na 38 °C (100 °F) a cikin birnin °C (100 °F)  yankunan kewayen wannan zamani.  Kodayake Dubai kuma ta sami 'yan milimita 1.00 (0.04 in) na ruwan sama a farkon safiya tsakanin 18 zuwa 21 ga Yuni, yanayin zafi ya kasance mai dumi a kusan 33 °C (91 °F), wanda yawanci zai kasance 28 °C (82 °F) a ranakun al'ada a watan Yuni.[1]  Irin wannan zafin kuma ya faru a Dubai a cikin Mayu 2025, tsakanin 21 ga Mayu da 26 ga Mayu 2025 tare da birnin ya sake kai 46 ° C (115 °F) da kewayen da ya kai 49.5 °C (121.1 °F), wanda ya mai da shi mafi zafi a watan Mayu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-28 |title=UAE just recorded its hottest May temperature ever — and it's not over yet |url=https://www.timeoutdubai.com/news/uae-record-breaking-temperatures-may#:~:text=On%20Saturday%20May%2024%2C%20temperatures,Dhabi%20on%20Friday%20May%2023. |access-date=2025-05-30}}</ref> * .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-18 |title=Dubai hit by dangerous 'feels like' temperature of 62C |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/07/18/it-feels-like-62c-in-dubai-why-is-heat-and-humidity-such-a-deadly-combination |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2024, yanayin yanayin 'Dubai' ya tashi zuwa mummunan 62C.[  Hukumomi a Dubai sun ba da gargadi tare da shawarci mazauna da masu yawon bude ido da su dauki matakan riga-kafi dangane da hakan * Hukumomi a Dubai sun ba da gargadi tare da shawarci mazauna yankin da masu yawon bude ido da su dauki matakan riga-kafi dangane da hakan. Tsakanin 1 ga Yuni da 8 ga Yuni 2025, Dubai ta fuskanci yanayi mai sanyi a wannan lokacin tare da iska mai ƙarfi da ke kaiwa zuwa 40 km/h (25 mph) wanda ke kawo zafin rana a waje daga yadda aka saba 41 °C (106 °F) a ranar 2 ga Yuni zuwa matsakaicin 34 °C (93 °F) tare da mafi ƙarancin faɗuwar 4 ° C  (75 °F) a cikin birni zuwa ƙasan 20.4 °C (68.7 °F) a bayan gari ciki har da Margham, abin mamakin yanayin sanyi ya faru a ranar 2 da 3 ga Yuni 2023..<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=NCM: Lowest temperature recorded in UAE on Tuesday morning was 18.4°C in Raknah |url=https://en.aletihad.ae/news/uae/4579897/ncm--lowest-temperature-recorded-in-uae-on-tuesday-morning-w |access-date=10 June 2025}} </ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2025 |title=NCM: The lowest temperature recorded over the UAE Saturday morning is 16.4°C in Damtha, Al Ain Region at 5:15am local time |url=https://en.aletihad.ae/news/uae/4580942/ncm--the-lowest-temperature-recorded-over-the-uae-saturday-m |access-date=10 June 2025}} </ref> Hakanan ruwan sama ya faru a wasu yankuna a Dubai tsakanin 6 zuwa 8 ga Yuni 2025, ciki har da Nad al Sheba, Emirates Road bayan City Academic, da Margham, da Hatta, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa wacce ke da ban mamaki na Dubai.  Ruwan sama ya kuma afkawa wasu yankuna a UAE, ciki har da Fujairah;  da Khorfakkan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-06 |title=Eid Al Adha 2025: Rains hit some parts of UAE as residents celebrate start of holiday |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/weather/eid-al-adha-2025-rainfall-june-6?_refresh=true |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-12 |title=Monsoon-loving Indian expats chase rain in UAE desert |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/environment/monsoon-loving-indian-expats-chase-rain-in-uae-desert-2-1.500160959 |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-08 |title=UAE summer: Want to catch hail in June? You can do so right here in the Emirates |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-summer-want-to-catch-hail-in-june-you-can-do-so-right-here-in-the-emirates?_refresh=true |access-date=2025-06-13}}</ref> == Bayani == {{Climate chart|Dubai|16|25|40|17|27|35|20|30|26|23|34|20|25|38|5|27|40|3|30|43|4|31|43|3|28|39|2|25|36|5|21|32|25|18|27|30}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5usgout0bd8j2wd1kmbcux022yyzi6z 0 110508 890168 689254 2026-08-01T14:36:33Z BnHamid 12586 890168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutane 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002-2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara-shekara na yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yanki ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ya ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi otm2haolk0jmn5emd66y2715whl9bvn 890169 890168 2026-08-01T14:36:45Z BnHamid 12586 /* Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma */ 890169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutane 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002-2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara-shekara na yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yanki ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ya ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} plqpvnxh8z414eywqt0wwya9bmmswwh 890244 890169 2026-08-01T18:25:20Z Baffa ali 47435 890244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002-2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara-shekara na yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yanki ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ya ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} khx4plnf818wtjvo6kq05mcyz4qpyea 890246 890244 2026-08-01T18:27:54Z Baffa ali 47435 890246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002-2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara-shekara na yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yanki ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ya ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 67e9gzpxkycujqilgibbtlwo9n5af7s 890247 890246 2026-08-01T18:32:19Z Baffa ali 47435 890247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara-shekara na yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yanki ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ya ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 0uwu0jk8rmiaykukesv7f8qyji0tc3r 890248 890247 2026-08-01T18:34:38Z Baffa ali 47435 890248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara na yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yanki ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ya ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} tikut3olqvh1qv3lnjz0lsv84c41piu 890250 890248 2026-08-01T18:38:43Z Baffa ali 47435 890250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara sannan yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yanki ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ya ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ad5iswf2rbgjv6xvtmkv7dbzkcjqujb 890251 890250 2026-08-01T18:41:17Z Baffa ali 47435 890251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara sannan yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yankin ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ya ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} a0w2g07xbn43i5bta0kls4q04ukn7c1 890253 890251 2026-08-01T18:45:23Z Baffa ali 47435 890253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara sannan yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yankin ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma yana zaune a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} gaclnavnfl68ofecux8crksx4yabyra 890254 890253 2026-08-01T18:49:18Z Baffa ali 47435 890254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara sannan yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yankin ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma ya kasance a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 53uahvnelq6ha6ojcza3rsupvgz815a 890255 890254 2026-08-01T18:53:54Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Yanayin ƙasa */ 890255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara sannan yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yankin ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma ya kasance a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankunan yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo ko noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} kgdc5fveksc391soz1oxkx78fx7i6wi 890257 890255 2026-08-01T18:59:25Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Yanayin ƙasa */ 890257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara sannan yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yankin ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma ya kasance a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankunan yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo da noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} m44f2g6sal0cdypvr26pg2l92pbhe2g 890258 890257 2026-08-01T19:04:42Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Tarihi */ 890258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara sannan yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yankin ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma ya kasance a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankunan yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo da noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen shi hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} irp7vgf4uuz4afpn3ek010w2loqg8so 890259 890258 2026-08-01T19:08:29Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Tarihi */ 890259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kigoma''' (''Mkoa wa Kigoma'' a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna 31 na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], tare da birnin Kigoma a matsayin babban birnin yankin. Yankin Kigoma yana da iyaka da Yankin Kagera, Yankin Geita, Yankin Katavi, Yankin Tabora, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DRC]] da [[Burundi]] Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 2012, yankin yana da yawan mutanen da akalla sukakai kimanin 2,127,930, wanda ya fi ƙididdigat na 1,971,332. : shafi na 2 A shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin yawan jama'a na shekara zuwa shekara sannan yankin ya kasance na goma sha huɗu mafi girma a kasar.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 4 Har ila yau, yankin ne na goma sha shida mafi yawan jama'a tare da mutane 57 a kowace kilomita.<ref name="2012 Census" /> : shafi na 6 Tare da girman kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , yankin ɗan ƙarami ne fiye da [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (45,227 murabba'i kilomita (17,462 sq mi)). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Malagarasi_River.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px|Yawancin yankin Kigoma suna nuna Kogin Malagarasi.]] Yankin Kigoma ya kasance a kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tanzania, a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Yankin yana kusa da 5 ° kudu da 30 ° gabashin Greenwich kuma yana da iyaka zuwa arewa ta [[Burundi]] da Yankin Kagera. A gabas, yana da iyaka da Yankin Geita da Yankunan Tabora, a kudu da Yankin Katavi, kuma a yamma da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}</ref> {{Multiple image|caption_align=left/right/center|total_width=}} Jimlar yankin yana da kilomita 45,066 (17,400 sq , <ref>{{Cite web |title=''National Sample Census of Agriculture 2002/03: Volume Vq: Regional Report: Kagera Region'', Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics, December 2007, page 1 |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074838/http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 37,037 (14,300 sq ƙasa ne kuma kilomita 8,029 (3,100 sq ruwa ne.<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |date=December 1998 |title=Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile |url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040530221802/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2004 |publisher=Planning Commission, Dar es Salaam, and the Regional Commissioner's Office, Kigoma |page=1 |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}}}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPlanning1998">[http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf "Kigoma region: Socio-Economic Profile"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Jimlar yankunan yana da kilomita 161 (62 sq ƙasa da na Estonia. Ya zuwa 1998, kimanin kilomita 20,000 (7,700 sq yana cikin gandun daji kuma 'i kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq ya dace da kiwo da noma.<ref name="Economic-profile" /> Yankin Kigoma yana kan tudu wanda ke gangara daga arewa maso gabas a kusan mita 1,750 (5,740 har zuwa mita 800 (2,600 a bakin tafkin Tanganyika . <ref name="SEP-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Planning|1998}}</ref> Yanayin da ke arewa da gabas tsaunuka ne masu juyawa a hankali waɗanda sannu a hankali suka zama masu tsayi yayin da suke kusanci da gefen [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Kogin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne Malagarasi, tare da Luiche da [[Ruchugi River|Ruchugi]] su ne sauran manyan koguna biyu da ke zubar da yankin.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Taron Stanley Livingstone]] A Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka yankin ya kasance tushen shi hauren hauren giwa da bayi.[Tabora da Ujiji yankunan Larabawa ne na jigilar kaya zuwa bakin teku. Hasali ma, Stanley ya gana da Livingstone a Ujiji a gabar tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1871. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, yankin Kigoma ana kiransa da yankin Yamma kuma babban birnin kasar Tabora..<ref name="History">{{Citation}}</ref> == Rarrabawar gudanarwa == === Gundumomi === Yankin Kigoma ya kasu kashi shida, kowannensu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar majalisa sai dai Kigoma da Kasulu waɗanda ke gudanar da majalisa biyu kowannensu. : {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" |Gundumomin yankin Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" !Taswirar ! style="width: 10em" |Gundumar ! ! style="width: 10em" |Yawan jama'a (2012) <br /> |- | rowspan="9" |[[Fayil:Kigoma_in_Tanzania.svg|250x250px]] |Gundumar Buhigwe |Majalisar Gundumar Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" |254,342 |- |Gundumar Kakonko |Majalisar Gundumar Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" |167,555 |- |Gundumar Kasulu |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |425,794 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Gundumar Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" |208,244 |- |Gundumar Kibondo |Majalisar Gundumar Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" |261,331 |- |Gundumar Kigoma |Majalisar Karkara ta Gundumar Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" |211,566 |- | |Majalisar Birnin Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" |215,458 |- |Gundumar Uvinza |Majalisar Gundumar Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" |383,640 |- |'''Jimillar''' | | style="text-align:right;" |'''2,127,930''' |} Yankin Kigoma yana da yawan jama'a 2,127,930.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=2012 population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |archive-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics |page=103}}</ref> Al'ummar Ha ita ce mafi girma a kabila da ke zaune a nan, tare da sauran manyan al'umma sun hada da Wabembe, Wamanyema, Watongwe da Wavinza, Sukuma da Haya.  Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 150,000 daga Burundi da kusan wasu 'yan gudun hijira 80,000 daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango suna zaune a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku a yankin Kigoma, masu suna Nyarugusu, Mtendeli da Nduta. == Shahararrun mutane daga yankin Kigoma == * Godfrey Mwakikagile, marubuci * Ali Kiba, mawaƙi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 412ihwbjf95huwcw2k0mht6bjx06065 0 111560 890398 881825 2026-08-02T04:32:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890398 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Franz_Josef_Land_location-en.svg|right|thumb|Wurin Franz Josef Land]] [[Fayil:Map_of_Franz_Josef_Land-en.svg|right|thumb|Taswirar ƙasar Franz Josef]] [[Fayil:Northbrookisland_fj.jpg|right|thumb|Tsibirin Northbrook]] Yanayin Yankin na Franz Josef Land wani rukunin tsibiri na yankin Arkhangelsk na Rasha. Yana cikin Tekun Barents na Arctic, arewacin Novaya Zemlya da gabashin Svalbard. A latitudes tsakanin 80.0° da 81.9° arewa, ita ce mafi girman rukunin tsibiran da ke da alaƙa da Eurasia. Matsakaicin wurin arewa shine Cape Fligely akan tsibirin Rudolf. Tsibirin ya ƙunshi tsibirai 191 da ƙanƙara ke lulluɓe tare da jimlar faɗin 16,134 km2 (6,229 sq mi). A halin yanzu ba kowa. Tsibirin yana da nisan kilomita 900 zuwa 1,110 (kilomita 560 zuwa 690) daga Pole ta Arewa, kuma tsibiran arewa sun fi kusa da Pole fiye da kowace ƙasa banda tsibirin Ellesmere na Kanada da Greenland. Tsibiri mafi girma shine Zemlya Georga (George Land) wanda ke auna nisan kilomita 110 (68 mi) daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. Matsayi mafi girma a cikin tsibiran yana kan Ostrov Viner-Neyshtadt (Tsibirin Wiener Neustadt) wanda ya kai 620 m (2,034 ft) sama da matakin teku. Babban gungu na manyan tsibiran da ke tsakiyar tsibiran ya samar da ƙaƙƙarfan gabaɗaya, wanda aka fi sani da Zichy Land, inda tsibiran ke rabu da juna ta kunkuntar sauti da ke daskarewa a mafi yawan shekara. A lokacin 1926 da 1932 Franz Josef Land wanda aka fi sani da shi a cikin Rasha da ''Zemlya Franca Josepha'' ya zama wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet kuma an haɗa shi a ƙarƙashin [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]] . A shekara ta 1994, an ayyana shi a matsayin Sakasnik Nature Reserve wanda ke rufe yanki na kilomita 42,000 (16,000 sq ciki har da yankin teku da ke kewaye da ƙasar amma tare da ƙuntataccen shigarwa kawai a kan izini na musamman wanda ba a ba da sauƙi ba; daga wannan yanki, 'i kilomita 50 (19 sq yankin da ke kusa da sansanin soja na Nagurskoye a kan Alexandra Land gaba ɗaya ba ne.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2013}} == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Champ_insel_geode.jpg|left|thumb|Cannonball concretion (dutse mai laushi) a tsibirin Champ, Franz Josef Land]] Tsibirin yana kusa da kusan kilomita 900 (560 daga Arewacin Pole, nesa da Polar Circle. Tsibirin 191 na rukuni suna auna kilomita 16,135 (6,230 sq . Sun shimfiɗa a kan tsawon kilomita 234 (145 a arewa maso kudu da kilomita 350 (220 a gabas zuwa yamma.{{Sfn|Lück|2008}} Akwai tsaunuka masu laushi a cikin kewayon mita 400-490 (1,310-1,610 sama da matakin teku. Gabaɗaya ƙasar tana cikin tsawo tsakanin mita 300 (980 a arewa da mita 600 (2,000 a kudu tare da Wilczek Land wanda ya zama mafi girman ƙasa a tsawo na mita 670 (2,200 . {{Sfn|Umbreit|2013}} Tsibirin suna rufe da kankara har zuwa kashi 85%, ba tare da raguwar ƙasa ba, kuma yankin ƙasar duk tsibirai kusan kashi 20 ne kawai, tare da iyakar bakin teku da ke auna kilomita 4,425 (2,750 . {{Sfn|Lück|2008}} Akwai kankara da yawa, tare da iyakantaccen tsawon ƙasa da mita 400 (1,300 kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna kama da kankara na Antarctic. Ma'aunin radar na iska sun yi rikodin kankara na mita 400 (1,300 a cikin Graham Bell da Hall Islands; babban kankara a kan tsibirin abu ne mai ban mamaki na shekaru 1000 da suka gabata. A sakamakon haka yawan reindeer bai tsira a cikin waɗannan tsibirai ba. Motsawa zuwa yankin bakin teku, inda kankara ta ɓace, ana ganin tabkuna da tafkuna da yawa. Amma kamar yadda wannan yanki yake da iyaka sosai an lura da ƙananan rafi, mafi girma yana da nisan kilomita 19 (12 mi) a kan tsibirin Prince George. {{Sfn|Lück|2008}} == Tsibirin == [[Fayil:SH101782.JPG|right|thumb|Ra'ayi kusa da Polar Geophysical Observatory a Tsibirin Heiss]] Franz Josef Land comprises some 191 more or less ice-covered [[Tsibirin|islands]] with a total area of about {{Convert|16134|km²|sqmi|0}}; the area varying with the fluctuation of glaciers during rising or receding stages. Its two largest islands are Prince George Island and Wilczek Land, the former lies to the west and the latter to the east in the archipelago.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2013}} Two geographic subgroups in Franz Joseph Land are Zemlya Zichy (Zichy Land), a large and compact glaciarized island cluster located in the middle of the archipelago containing ten large islands, and Belaya Zemlya, a group of three islands in the northeast named Hvidtenland ("White Land") by Fridtjof Nansen. Through the middle of these two groups runs the wide strait which von Payer named the Austrian Strait, in honour of his country.<ref name="Expedition">{{Cite web |title=Archipelago ledyanыh kupolov (Zemlya Franz-Joseph) |url=http://www.ivki.ru/kapustin/journal/markin22.htm |publisher=Arctic Antarctic Philately |language=Russian}}</ref> Rudolph Island is the nearest to the North Pole.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2013}} The largest island, Zemlya Georga (George Land) measures {{Convert|110|km|mi}} from end to end. The highest point in the archipelago is on Ostrov Viner-Neyshtadt (Wiener Neustadt Island) which reaches {{Convert|620|m|ft|0}} above sea level. An raba tsibirin zuwa akalla rukuni uku: * Tsibirin Yamma, yammacin Channel na Burtaniya da De Bruyne Sound; * Tsibirin Gabas, gabashin Arewa maso Gabas Sound, Beryozkina Channel da Austrian Strait; * Tsibirin tsakiya, duk abin da ke tsakanin waɗannan biyu. Tsibirin tsakiya sun sake raba cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi: * Tsibirin Arewa, arewacin Markham Sound; * Tsibirin Kudancin, kudu da Markham Sound . === Tsibirin da suka fi girma === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Sunan !Ƙungiyar Ƙananan Ƙungiyar !Yankin (km²) !Hawan sama (m) |- |Ƙasar Alexandra |Tsibirin Yamma |1050 |382 |- |Yarima George Land |Tsibirin Yamma |2821 |416 |- |Tsibirin Bruce |Tsibirin Yamma |191 |301 |- |Tsibirin Northbrook |Tsibirin Yamma |254 |344 |- |Tsibirin Yarima Rudolf |Tsibirin Arewa |297 |461 |- |Tsibirin Karl-Alexander |Tsibirin Arewa |329 |365 |- |Tsibirin Rainer |Tsibirin Arewa |140 |284 |- |Tsibirin Jackson |Tsibirin Arewa |510 |481 |- |Tsibirin Payer |Tsibirin Arewa |151 |452 |- |Tsibirin Girma |Tsibirin Arewa |149 |447 |- |Tsibirin Salisbury |Tsibirin Arewa |960 |450 |- |Tsibirin Ziegler |Tsibirin Arewa |448 |554 |- |Tsibirin Wiener Neustadt |Tsibirin Arewa |237 |620 |- |Tsibirin Luigi |Tsibirin Arewa |371 |442 |- |Tsibirin Champ |Tsibirin Arewa |374 |507 |- |Tsibirin Heiss |Tsibirin Arewa |132 |242 |- |Tsibirin Hall |Tsibirin Kudancin |1049 |502 |- |Tsibirin MacKlintok |Tsibirin Kudancin |612 |521 |- |Tsibirin Salm |Tsibirin Kudancin |344 |343 |- |Tsibirin Hooker |Tsibirin Kudancin |460 |576 |- |Tsibirin Eva-Liv |Tsibirin Gabas |288 |381 |- |Tsibirin Ronciere |Tsibirin Gabas |478 |431 |- |Ƙasar Wilczek |Tsibirin Gabas |2203 |606 |- |Tsibirin Graham Bell |Tsibirin Gabas |1557 |509 |} === Tsibirin Yamma === [[Fayil:Map_of_Western_Franz_Josef_Land-en.svg|thumb|Tsibirin Yammacin ƙasar Franz Josef]] Tsibirin yammacin sun rabu da sauran tsibirai ta hanyar British Channel da De Bruyne Sound zuwa gabas. Sun hada da babban Alexandra Land da Prince George Land da karamin Arthur, Bruce Island, Mabel, Bell, da Northbrook tsibirai. ==== Ƙasar Alexandra ==== Alexandra Land ita ce tsibirin da ya fi yamma a cikin tsibirin. Yana da yanki na kimanin kilomita 1,051 (406 sq . Sautin Cambridge Sound zuwa gabas da Arkhangelsky Sound daga bakin tekun arewa maso gabas sun raba shi daga Zemlya Georga (wanda aka fi sani da Prince George Land) zuwa gabas. Matsayinta mafi girma shine mita 382 (1,253 a tsakiyar tsibirin, kuma akwai kuma mita 31 (102 a kusa da gabar arewa.<ref name="map" /> [[Cape Nimrod]] yana kan iyakar yamma, kuma [[Cape George Thomas]] a kan iyakar arewa maso gabashin Arkhangelsky Sound. Akwai tushe mai suna Nagurskoye kusa da gabarta ta arewa, <ref name="map" /> mai suna Jan Nagórski, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan tashoshin yanayi a cikin tsibirin a lokacin [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]]. {{Sfn|Mills|2003}} Cibiyar Sojojin Sama ta Rasha da ke arewacin tana cikin tsibirin Alexandra (ko da yake a cikin mummunan yanayi) tare da ƙaramin rundunar tsaro tun 1955. Kafin wannan, tashar tushe mai ma'aikata a arewacin arewa ta kasance a tsibirin Rudolph wanda ya ɓace tun 1955. {{Sfn|Umbreit|2009}} Yana da titin dusar ƙanƙara mai mita 1,500 (4,921 . Wani jirgin sama mai dauke da kaya na Antonov An-72 ya fadi yayin saukowa a Nagurskoye a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1996. ==== Yarima George Land ==== Yarima George Land (Zemlya Georga), yana gabashin tsibirin Alexandra shine tsibirin mafi girma na Franz Josef Land wanda ke auna {{Convert|110|km|mi}} daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. Yana da yanki na kilomita 2,820.8 (1,089.1 murabba'i kuma yana cikin latitude 80.50 ° N da longitude 49.50 ° E. Tsawon bakin tekun da aka tsara shi ne kilomita 635.9 (395.1 .<ref name="Islands">{{Cite web |title=Island Directory |url=http://islands.unep.ch/IEO.htm#1028 |access-date=14 July 2013 |publisher=UN System-Wide Earthwatch |archive-date=4 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204043648/http://islands.unep.ch/IEO.htm#1028 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Prince">{{Cite web |title=(Prince) George Land – Franz-Josef-Land |url=http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=644&L=5 |access-date=16 July 2013 |publisher=Franz-Josef-Land info |archive-date=16 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316114416/http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=644&L=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Matsayi mafi girma shine mita 416 (1,365 a arewa maso tsakiyar tsibirin. Jackson ya ba da sunan tsibirin "Prince George Land" bayan [[George V|Jikan Sarauniya Victoria]].{{Sfn|Mills|2003}}<ref name="Prince" /> Har ila yau akwai tsaunuka na mita 362 (1,188 a gefen yamma da mita 364 (1,194 kusa da gabar kudu maso yamma, arewa maso yammacin [[Gray Bay]]. A kudu maso gabashin wannan shine Nightingale Sound, wanda ya raba tsibirin daga ƙananan tsibirai na tsibirin Bell, tsibirin Mabel da tsibirin Bruce. A arewacin wannan kuma a gabashin gabar Zemlya Georga shine British Channel, wanda ke da Tsibirin Hooker zuwa kudu maso gabas. Zemlya Georga yana da caps da yawa a arewacin iyakarsa, gami da Cape Murray a arewa maso gabashin tsibirin, Cape Bruce a arewa maso gabas, da [[Cape Battenberg]] a arewacin tsibirin, yana nuna arewacin tsibiri.<ref name="map" /> Koguna da yawa a lokacin bazara suna gudana cikin teku a gefen arewa maso yamma, kuma Geographer Bay ya raba arewa maso gabas da arewa maso gabar gabashin. Daga bakin tekun arewa, Leigh Smith Sound ya raba Zemlya Georga daga karamin Tsibirin Arthur, wanda ke da tsawo na mita 275 (902 da Cape Ice Reconnaissance a bakin tekun Arewa.<ref name="Prince" /> === Tsibirin Arewa === [[Fayil:Map_of_central_Franz_Josef_Land-en.svg|thumb|Tsibirin Arewa da Tsakiya na Franz Josef Land]] Tsibirin arewa da na tsakiya suna arewacin De Bruyne Sound da Markham Sound da yammacin Austrian Strait. Sun hada da tsibirin Rudolf a arewa, tsibirin Zichy Land, da tsibirin Heiss da Komsomol a kudu maso gabas. ==== Tsibirin Rudolf ==== [[Fayil:VNIIOarctic.jpg|left|thumb|Tsibirin Rudolf]] Cape Fligely a Tsibirin Rudolf a 81°52' N shine mafi arewacin yankin Franz Josef Land.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2009}} Lieutenant Julius von Payer, jami'in sojojin Austro-Hungary, mai zane-zane, kuma mai hawan dutse, ya dasa tutar Austro-Fungary a Cape Fligely a lokacin balaguron 1874 wanda ya gano Franz Josef Land.{{Sfn|Mills|2003}}{{Sfn|Payer|1876}} Binciken Baldwin-Ziegler ya isa a 1902 kuma ya kafa tashar, kuma balaguron Fiala-Zieglers ya kafa sansani a nan na yanayi biyu.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2009}} An kafa tashar meteorological a cikin 1932 tare da daidaitawa tare da Shekarar Polar ta Duniya (1932-3) amma an kwashe shi a cikin 1941.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2009}} Wani tashar daga baya ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995. Yawancin tashoshin Soviet kafin yakin duniya na biyu sun kasance a Teplitz Bay amma kadan ya kasance bisa ga abubuwan da aka lura da tafiyar ''Kapitan Dranitsyn'' a shekara ta 2004.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2009}} ==== Ƙasar Zichy ==== [[Fayil:S7300884.JPG|thumb|Tsibirin Wiener Neustadt]] Tsibirin tsibirin Zemlya Zichy an raba su da juna ta hanyar ƙananan sauti waɗanda ke daskarewa mafi yawan shekara, suna samar da ƙaramin tsari. Daga arewa zuwa kudu manyan tsibirai sune Karl-Alexander Island, Rainer Island, Jackson Island, Payer Island, Greely Island, Ziegler Island, Salisbury Island, Wiener Neustadt Island, Luigi Island da Champ Island. Tsibirin Karl-Alexander ya rufe yanki na kilomita 329.2 (127.1 sq tare da tsawo na mita 365 (1,198 kuma iyakar bakin teku ta kai kilomita 87.7 (54.5 . <ref name="Islands"/> Tsibirin Rainer yana da yanki na kilomita 139.8 (54.0 sq . Tsawon tsibirin yana da mita 284 (932 , kuma yana da iyakar bakin teku na tsawon kilomita 48.3 (30.0 . <ref name="Islands" /> Tsibirin Jackson (''Ostrov Dzheksona''), wanda Frederick George Jackson ya gano a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1895, yana da kilomita 521.4 (201.3 sq a cikin yanki; mafi girman tsawo shine mita 481 (1,578 kuma tsawon bakin tekun da aka tsara shine kilomita 148.1 (92.0 . <ref name="Islands" /> {{Sfn|Mills|2003}} Tsibirin Greely, kuma Grili, ya ƙunshi yanki na kilomita 127.2 (49.1 sq tare da tsawon bakin teku na kilomita 52.8 (32.8 . <ref name="Islands" /> Tsibirin Payer ya rufe yanki na kilomita 160 (62 sq tare da tsawo na mita 284 (932 , kuma yana da bakin teku wanda ya kai tsawon kilomita 59 (37 .<ref name="Islands" /> Tsibirin Salisbury, wanda aka fi sani da tsibirin Solsberi, yana da yanki na kilomita 959.6 (370.5 sq kuma mafi girman matsayi yana da tsawo na mita 482 (1,581 . Tsawon bakin teku da aka tsara yana da kilomita 184.9 (114.9 . <ref name="Islands" /> Tsibirin Wiener Neustadt, kuma Viner-Noyshtadt ko Viner N'Ojstadt, yana cikin 80°45′N 58°18′E / 80.75°N 58.30°E / 80.70; 58.30. Yana da yanki na kilomita 236.5 (91.3 sq kuma yana da matsayi mafi girma na mita 620 (2,030 . Yankin rairayin bakin teku ya kai tsawon kilomita 62.1 (38.6 . <ref name="Islands"/> [[Luigi Island|Tsibirin Luigi]], wanda aka fi sani da ''Ostrov Luidzhi'', yana da yanki na kilomita 370.6 (143.1 sq ; mafi girman matsayi na tsibirin shine mita 468 (1,535 kuma yana da layin bakin teku na kilomita 101.70 (63.19 . <ref name="Islands" /> Tsibirin Champ yana da yanki na kilomita 374.3 (144.5 sq kuma yana da tsawo na mita 507 (1,663 kuma layin bakin teku ya kai kilomita 90.6 (56.3 . <ref name="Islands" /> ==== Heiss da Komsomol ==== [[Fayil:SH101129.JPG|right|thumb|Tsibirin Heiss]] Tsibirin Heiss da [[Komsomol Island|Tsibirin Komsomol]] suna kudu maso gabashin ƙasar Zichy. Yankin Austria ya raba tsibirin Hall daga Komsomol da kuma babban Tsibirin Wilczek zuwa arewa maso gabas. Tsibirin Heiss, wanda aka fi sani da Kheysa ko tsibirin Chejsa, an ɗaure shi a cikin latitude 80.55 ° N da longitude 57.50 ° E. Ya ƙunshi yanki na kilomita 132.3 (51.1 sq . Tsawon bakin tekun da aka tsara shi ne kilomita 55.2 (34.3 . <ref name="Islands"/> Kheysa da aka watsar, wurin [[Rocket|kaddamar da roket]] na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet]], yana kan wannan tsibirin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kheysa |url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kheysa.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031031081454/http://astronautix.com/sites/kheysa.htm |archive-date=October 31, 2003 |access-date=15 July 2013 |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica}}</ref> A cikin Shekarar Geophysical 1957-58, an kafa sabon tashar meteorological, wanda a tsawon shekaru ya zama mafi girma irin wannan tashar, a bakin karamin tafkin crater a cikin yankin da ba shi da kankara na wannan tsibirin kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Ernst Krenkel, mai binciken Arctic. An rufe tashar a shekara ta 2000 kuma har yanzu ana ganin gine-ginen da aka watsar a nan. An kafa wani tashar yanayi a shekara ta 2005. An sanya sunan tsibirin ne bayan mai binciken Arctic, Isaac Isra'ila Hayes . {{Sfn|Umbreit|2013}} === Tsibirin Kudancin === [[Fayil:Map_of_Southeastern_Franz_Josef_Land-en.svg|thumb|300x300px|Tsibirin Kudancin Franz Josef Land]] Tsibirin kudancin suna gabashin De Bruyne Sound, da kudancin British Channel, Markham Sound da Austrian Strait. Sun hada da manyan tsibirai na Hooker, McClintock, Hall da Salm, da kuma kananan tsibirai da yawa. ==== Tsibirin Hooker ==== Tsibirin Hooker, mai suna bayan masanin halitta na Burtaniya Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, yana kudu maso gabashin Zemlya Georga, a fadin British Channel. Yana da yanki na kilomita 459.8 (177.5 sq kuma yana cikin latitude 80.25 ° N da longitude 53.00 ° E. Mafi girman matsayi a tsibirin yana da tsawo na mita 576 (1,890 kuma tsawon bakin tekun da aka tsara yana da kilomita 117.5 (73.0 . <ref name="Islands"/> Akwai kabari da gine-gine biyu na zamani. A gefen yammacin tsibirin Hooker akwai bay a cikin wani yanki marar ƙanƙara, Tikhaya Bay 80°20′N 52°47′E / 80.333°N 52.783°E / 80. 333; 52.783). Babban mazaunin tsuntsayen teku yana kusa da Tikhaya Bay a Skala Rubini 80°18′N 52°50′E / 80.300°N 52.833°E / 80. 300; 52.833), wani dutse mai ban mamaki a bakin tekun Hooker Island. Tikhaya Bay ita ce shafin yanar gizon babban tushe don tafiye-tafiye na polar, da kuma wurin tashar meteorological daga 1929 zuwa 1963. Akwai wani bay a kudancin tsibirin da ake kira Zaliv Makarova da kuma wani a gabas da aka sani da Ledn . A kudu maso yamma, De Bruyne Sound ya raba tsibirin daga Tsibirin Northbrook . A arewa, Young Sound ya raba tsibirin daga tsibirin Koetlitz, Nansen, Pritchett, da sauransu da yawa.<ref name="Hook">{{Cite web |title=Hooker (Gukera) Island, Rubini Rock, Tikhaya Station – Franz Josef Land |url=http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=650&L=5 |access-date=16 July 2013 |publisher=Franz-Josef-Land info |archive-date=12 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112180527/http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=650&L=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai tsibiran da yawa da ke kewaye da tsibirin Hooker. Tsibirin Scott-Keltie, mai tsayin tsayin mita 64 (210 ft), tsibiri ne kusa da gabar tekun arewa maso yamma, kuma ana kiranta da shi don girmama masanin jumhuriyar Scotland Sir John Scott Keltie (1840-1927). Nisan kilomita 10 (6.2 mi) bayan wannan, yana kwance zuwa yammacin tsibirin Scott-Keltie a cikin tashar Burtaniya, tsibirin Eaton ne, tsibiri mai tsayin kilomita 3 (1.9 mi). Wannan tsibiri, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin Ostrov Itol a cikin taswirorin Rasha da yawa, an ba shi sunan masanin kimiyar Burtaniya Rev. Alfred Edwin Eaton (1844-1929). May Island ƙaramin tsibiri ne da ke kwance kilomita 5 (3.1 mi) daga gabar tekun kudu; zuwa kudu maso yammacin wannan Tsibirin Etheridge, kuma kudu maso gabas shine Newton Island, mai nisan kilomita 11 (6.8 mi) daga bakin teku, mai suna don girmama Alfred Newton. Tsibirin Leigh-Smith yana gabashin tsibirin Hooker, ya raba shi da faɗin sautin kilomita 6 (3.7 mi) mai suna Proliv Smitsona.[1] Yana da tsawon kilomita 14 (8.7 mi) kuma yana da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 6.5 (4.0 mi). Mafi girman madaidaicin tsibirin shine mita 309 (ft1,014 ft) kuma samansa gabaɗaya yana da dusar ƙanƙara in ban da wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki a arewacinta da kuma wani kusa da Mys Bitterburga', iyakarta ta kudu. Sunan wannan tsibiri ne bayan ɗan jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya kuma ɗan binciken Benjamin Leigh Smith. Yammacin Leigh-Smith Island's ƙarshen arewa, kusa da tsibirin Hooker na arewa maso gabas, akwai ƙaramin tsibiri da ake kira Royal Society Island, mai suna bayan Royal Geographical Society. Yana da tsawon kilomita 6 (3.7 mi) kuma yana da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 2.5 (mi 1.6). . <ref name="Hook"/> ==== Tsibirin MacKlintok ==== MacKlintok Island or McClintock Island, named after Irish explorer of the Arctic Francis Leopold McClintock,<ref name="Franz" /> lies to the east of Brady Island, which lies to the east of Leigh-Smith Island and Hooker Island. This island, located within latitude 80.20° N and longitude 54.80° E, is roughly square-shaped. Its maximum length is {{Convert|33|km|mi}} and its mapped shore length is {{Convert|120.4|km|mi}}. Its area is {{Convert|611.5|km²|sqmi}}, It is largely glaciated. The island's highest point is {{Convert|521|m|ft|0}} in the eastern-central part of the island,<ref name="Islands"/><ref name="Franz">{{Cite web |title=McClintock Island – Franz-Josef-Land |url=http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=655&L=5 |access-date=16 July 2013 |publisher=Franz-Josef-Land info |archive-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331052152/http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=655&L=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and there is a {{Convert|481|m}} peak near the northeastern coast. The island is located very close to the west of Hall Island, separated from it by a narrow sound, Proliv Negri. The island's northernmost point is Mys Grili (Greely Cape) and the southeastern is Mys Oppoltsera (Cape Oppholtzer).<ref name="map" /> {{Convert|5|km|mi}} da ƙaramin tsibirin Mathilda suna kusa da iyakar arewacin tsibirin MacKlintok, sun rabu da Alger da murfin sauti na kilomita {{Convert|3|km|mi}} (1.9 . Matsayinta mafi girma yana kusa da tsakiya a mita 429 (1,407 {{Convert|6|km|mi}}" data-ve-ignore=""> . Tsibirin Brady a bakin tekun yamma babban tsibiri ne kuma galibi yana da glaciated. Tana yammacin tsibirin MacKlintok na arewa maso yamma, an raba ta da kilomita 6 (3.7 mai faɗin Aberdare Sound (Proliv Abyerder). Matsayi mafi girma a tsibirin Brady shine {{Convert|381|m|ft|0}} ft); an sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin kimiyya na Ingila Henry Bowman Brady . Mys Vize, tsibirin Brady mafi arewa, <ref name="map" /> an sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin Arctic na Rasha Vladimir Wiese . Har ila yau, akwai tsibirai da yawa a gefen kudancin ciki har da tsibirin Ostrova Borisika da [[Aagaard Island|Tsibirin Aagaard]], 5 mi) daga bakin tekun kudancin, mai suna don girmama [[Bjarne Aagaard]] , ƙwararren [[Norway|Norwegian]] kan kifi da bincike na Antarctic.<ref name="Franz"/> ==== Tsibirin Algiers ==== Alger Island, (Russian: остров Алджер, romanized: ostrov Aldzher), is a small island at latitude 80° 23′ N and longitude 56.00° E. It divides the south-central islands and the north-central group, and is located to the south of Markham Strait. McClintock Island lies to its south. Discovered in August 1899 by the Walter Welmann expedition, it was named after Russell A. Alger, US Secretary of War. The coastline is fairly ice free. In 1901, Evelyn Briggs Baldwin established a camp here and named it [[Camp Ziegler]], after William Ziegler, who had sponsored the expedition.{{Sfn|Mills|2003}} ==== Tsibirin Hall ==== [[Fayil:Kap_tegethoff_gross.jpg|right|thumb|Ra'ayi na Cape Tegetthoff]] Hall Island (Ostrov Gallya) wani babban tsibiri ne mai girman kankara kusan 1,049km2 (405 sq mi) nan da nan zuwa gabashin Tsibirin MacKlintok.  Yana kusa da latitude 80.30° N da longitude 56.00° E. Maɗaukakin wuri a tsibirin shine 502 m (1,647 ft) kuma tsayin taswirar gabar tekun shine 174.7 km (108.6 mi)[An rada masa sunan wani ɗan binciken Arctic na Amurka Charles Francis Hall.  Yankunan da ba su da ƙanƙara guda ɗaya kawai suna nan a ƙarshenta na kudu, inda akwai manyan ƙasashe biyu, Cape Tegetthoff, da Cape Ozernyy, a kan Tekun Littov.  Cape Tegetthoff yana da kewayon kololuwar tsaunuka.  Binciken da aka yi a iska ya nuna kauri na mita 400 (ft 1,300 ft) na ƙanƙara da kuma a cikin kofofin ƙanƙara na tsibirin Graham Bell.] Har ila yau, akwai wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki mara dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da kogin gabas, Cape Frankfurt, da kuma wani a yankin arewa maso yamma, Cape Wiggins.  Matsakaicin tsayinsa shine 502 m (1,647 ft) kusa da gefenta na kudu maso yamma, kuma akwai kololuwar tsayin mita 421 (1,381 ft) a yankin arewa ta tsakiya na tsibirin.  Akwai wani fili mai faɗi a kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Hall Island wanda aka sani da Hydrographer Bay da ƙarami a yamma da yankin Littov Peninsula, wanda aka sani da Bukhta Surovaya.  A kudu maso gabas, akwai mashigar ruwa mai faɗi da ke raba tsibirin Hall daga Tsibirin Salm, wanda aka sani da Proliv Lavroka.  Mashigin gabas ana kiransa da mashigin Austrian. Kusan a gefen arewacin tsibirin Hall akwai ƙananan tsibirai uku da aka sani da Brown Islands, wanda aka ba da suna don girmama George Brown na Royal Navy, wanda ya shiga cikin balaguron 18{{Convert|5|km|mi}}-1854 don neman Sir John Franklin a kan ''Mai bincike''. {{Convert|6|km|mi}} zuwa yammacin tsibirin Hall na arewa maso yamma yana da siffar oval 5 tsawo Newcomb Island, tare da mafi girma na {{Convert|67|m|ft|0}} m (220 . An sanya wa wannan tsibirin suna ne bayan Raymond Lee Newcomb, jami'in sojan ruwa wanda ke kula da mummunan aikin DeLong a kan <nowiki><i id="mwAvw">Jeannette</i></nowiki>. {{Convert|1.5|km|mi}} mi) daga gefen arewa maso gabashin tsibirin Hall Island yana da karamin tsibirin Berghaus amma mai tsayi, yana kaiwa tsawo na {{Convert|372|m|ft|0}} ft). Unglacierized, an sanya wa wannan tsibirin suna bayan mai zane-zane Heinrich Berghaus (1797-1884). <ref name="Austro">{{Cite web |title=Hall (Gallya) Insel, Cape Tegetthoff – Franz-Josef-Land |url=http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=648&L=5 |access-date=16 July 2013 |publisher=Franz-Josef-Land info |archive-date=12 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112181612/http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=648&L=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tsibirin Sal'm, wanda ke kan babbar hanyar Payer Austrian, <ref name="Expedition"/> ya ƙunshi yanki na kilomita 343.7 (132.7 sq tare da tsawo ko mita 343 (1,125 kuma tsawon bakin teku shine kilomita 76.9 (47.8 . <ref name="Islands"/> === Tsibirin Gabas === [[Fayil:Map_of_Graham_Bell_Island_and_Wilczek_Land-en.svg|thumb|Tsibirin Gabas na Franz Josef Land]] Tsibirin gabas suna gabashin Austrian Strait, kuma sun haɗa da Wilczek Island, La Ronciere Island, da Graham Bell Island. ==== Tsibirin Eva-Liv ==== Tsibirin Eva-Liv, kuma Yeva-Liv ko Jeva Liv, shine iyakar arewa maso gabashin Franz Josef Land a 81°37′N 62°58′E / 81.62°N 62.96°E / 82.62; 62.96. Ya mamaye yanki na kilomita 287.6 (178.7 . Yana da tsawo na mita 381 (1,250 da kuma taswirar tsawon bakin teku na kilomita 75.2 (46.7 .<ref name="Islands"/> Nansen da Johansen ne suka gano tsibirin a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1895. Nansen ya yi tunanin akwai tsibirai biyu, kuma ya sanya musu suna bayan matarsa da 'yarsa. A cikin 1905 an gano cewa "Eva" da "Liv" a zahiri tsibiri ne.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2013}} ==== Tsibirin Graham Bell ==== Tsibirin Graham Bell, tsibirin da ya fi gabashin Franz Josef Land, nan da nan zuwa arewa maso gabashin Wilczek Land a fadin Morgan Strait kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsibirai a cikin tsibirin, tare da yanki na kilomita 1,557 (601 sq . Wani bangare mai dusar ƙanƙara, mafi girman matsayi shine mita 509 (1,670 kusa da tsakiyar kudu. Cape Kohlsaat, mafi gabashin tsibirin a 81°14′N, 65°10′E, yana kan iyakar gabashin tsibiri na Graham Bell. Cape Kohlsaat alama ce ta arewa maso yammacin Tekun Kara, saboda haka muhimmiyar alama ce ta ƙasa. Cape Leiter yana kan kudancin tsibirin.<ref name="map" /> An sanya wa wannan tsibirin suna bayan mai kirkiro Alexander Graham Bell . Bai kamata a rikita tsibirin Graham Bell da karamin tsibirin Bell wanda kuma yana cikin tsibirin Franz Josef ba. Tsibirin Graham Bell gida ne ga wani sansanin Yakin Cold (an rufe shi a 1994) da filin jirgin sama 'Greem Bell' tare da titin {{Convert|2100|m}} m (6,900 . <ref name="Bell">{{Cite web |title=Graham Bell (Greem Bell) Island, Severnaja – Franz-Josef-Land |url=http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=654&L=5 |access-date=16 July 2013 |publisher=Franz-Josef-Land info |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015324/http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=654&L=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan karamin tsibirin galibi ba shi da kankara kuma yana da tafki a bayan dutse mai siffar kararrawa. Gidan katako da Benjamin Leigh Smith ya gina a cikin 1881 gida ne da aka kiyaye sosai har ma a yanzu kuma shine gidan da ya fi tsufa a ƙasar duk da cewa ba a zaune ba.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2013}} Yankin arewacin tsibirin Graham Bell yana kewaye da tarin ƙananan tsibirai. Tsibirin Three-ray yana kusa da gabar yamma. Ostrov Perlamutrovyy (Pyerlamutrov Island) yana kwance a gefen kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Graham Bell, tsawon kilomita 2 (1.2 Ostrov Trëkhluchevoy yana kwance daga gefen yamma, kuma Ostrov Udachnyy yana daga cikin tarin tsibirai da ke gefen arewa maso yamma.<ref name="Bell"/> ==== Ƙasar Wilczek ==== Wilczek Land ba ta da amfani kuma dutsen dutsen da ke cikin dutsen da aka fallasa. <ref name="Wilzeck">{{Cite web |title=Wilczek Island, grave Otto Krisch – Franz-Joseph-Land |url=http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=640&L=5 |access-date=16 July 2013 |publisher=Franz-Josef-Land info |archive-date=14 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514170610/http://www.franz-josef-land.info/index.php?id=640&L=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Sfn|Umbreit|2009}} Yana kwance a arewa maso gabashin tsibirin Hall, a fadin Austrian Strait . Ita ce tsibirin na biyu mafi girma a cikin Tsibirin Franz Josef kuma kusan an rufe shi gaba ɗaya sai dai ga ƙananan yankuna biyu a gefen yammacinsa. Matsayi mafi girma a tsibirin shine mita 606 (1,988 , a yammacin tsakiyar yankin.<ref name="map" /> Wannan babban tsibirin an sanya masa suna ne bayan Austro-Hungarian Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek, wanda ke da hannu a cikin Austro-Fungarian North Pole Expedition . Wannan tsibirin bai kamata a rikita shi da karamin Tsibirin Wilczek ba, wanda ke kudu maso yammacin tsibirin Salm kuma an sanya masa suna bayan mutum ɗaya. Mys Ganza ita ce mafi yammacin Wilczek Land. [[Cape Geller]] shine wurin hunturu ga mambobi biyu na balaguron Wellman na 1899. Ya bar tare da ƙananan kayan aiki, ɗaya daga cikinsu bai tsira ba.{{Sfn|Capelotti|2016}} Yankin kudancin Wilczek Land yana da karamin tsibirin Klagenfurt, kimanin kilomita 9 (5.6 daga bakin teku, mai suna bayan Klagenfurt. [[McNult Island|Tsibirin McNult]] yana kusa da kudu maso gabashin cape, tare da wasu tsibirai da yawa. Kusan a gabashin gabar Wilczek Land akwai ƙananan tsibirai biyu da ake kira Ostrova Gorbunova, mai suna bayan masanin halitta na Rasha [[Gregory Petrovich Gorbunov]]. Yankin arewacin Wilczek ya rabu da tsibirin La Ronciere ta hanyar madaidaiciya da aka sani da Vanderbilt . Ƙananan tsibirin Geddes yana kusa da arewa maso yamma. A gabas, Wilczek Land ya rabu da Graham Bell Sound ta hanyar Morgan Straight . <ref name="Wilzeck"/> === Jerin Tsibirin === {{Columns-list|* [[MacKlintok Island|Aagaard Island]] * [[Adelaide Island (Russia)|Adelaide Island]] * [[Jackson Island|Alexander Islands]] * [[Alexandra Land]] * [[Alger Island, Russia|Alger Island]] * [[Arthur Island]] * [[Becker Island]] * [[Belaya Zemlya]] * [[Bell Island (Franz Josef Land)|Bell Island]] * [[Hall Island (Arctic)|Berghaus Island]] * [[Nansena Island (Franz Josef Land)|Bliss Island]] * [[Nansena Island (Franz Josef Land)|Brice Island]] * [[Greely Island|Brosch Island]] * [[Bruce Island (Franz Josef Land)|Bruce Island]] * [[Nansena Island (Franz Josef Land)|Bromwich Island]] * [[Brady Island]] * [[Champ Island]] * [[Karl-Alexander Island|Chichagov Islands]] * [[Karl-Alexander Island|Coburg Island]] * [[Zemlya Georga|David Island]] * [[Wilczek Land|Davis Island]] * [[Wilczek Land|Derevyannyy Island]] * [[Hooker Island|Eaton Island]] * [[Salisbury Island (Russia)|Elizabeth Island]] * [[Hooker Island|Etheridge Islands]] * [[Yeva-Liv Island|Eva Island]] * [[Freeden Island]] * [[La Ronciere Island|Geddes Island]] * [[Zemlya Georga|George Land]] * [[Gogenloe Island]] * [[Wilczek Land|Gorbunov Islands]] * [[Graham Bell Island]] * [[Greely Island]] * [[Hall Island (Arctic)|Hall Island]] * [[Harley Island]] * [[Heiss Island]] * [[Salm Island|Hochstetter Islands]] * [[Hofmann Island]] * [[Hooker Island]] * [[Karl-Alexander Island|Howen Island]] * [[Jackson Island]] * [[Nansena Island (Franz Josef Land)|Jefferson Island]] * [[Karl-Alexander Island]] * [[Koetlitz Island]] * [[Greely Island|Kane Island]] * [[Wilczek Land|Klagenfurt Island]] * [[Koldewey Island]] * [[Heiss Island|Komsomol Islands]] * [[Salisbury Island (Russia)|Kuchin Islands]] * [[Kuhn Island (Franz Josef Land)| Kuhn Island]] * [[Wilczek Island|Lamont Island]] * [[La Ronciere Island]] * [[Jackson Island|Levanevsky Island]] * [[Leigh-Smith Island]] * [[Salm Island|Litke Island]] * [[Luigi Island]] * [[MacKlintok Island|McClintock Island]] * [[Wilczek Land|McNult Island]] * [[Mabel Island (Franz Josef Land)|Mabel Island]] * [[Hooker Island|May Island]] * [[Nansena Island (Franz Josef Land)|Nansen Island]] * [[Hall Island (Arctic)|Newcomb Island]] * [[Hooker Island|Newton Island]] * [[Northbrook Island]] * [[Gogenloe Island|Ostrovov Oktyabryata]] * [[Jackson Island|Ommanney Island]] * [[Payer Island]] * [[Karl-Alexander Island|Pontremoli Islands]] * [[Pritchet Island|Pritchett Island]] * [[Graham Bell Island|Pyerlamutrov Island]] * [[Querini Island]] * [[Rainer Island]] * [[Northbrook Island|Robertson Island]] * [[Hooker Island|Royal Society Island]] * [[Rudolf Island]] * [[Salisbury Island (Russia)|Salisbury Island]] * [[Salm Island]] * [[Salm Island|Schönau Island]] * [[Hooker Island|Scott-Keltie Island]] * [[Payer Island|Stoliczka Island]] * [[Wilczek Land|Tillo Island]] * [[Karl-Alexander Island|Torup Island]] * [[Ziegler Island|Ugol'noy Kopi]] * [[Wiener Neustadt Island]] * [[Wilczek Island]] * [[Wilczek Land]] * [[Nansena Island (Franz Josef Land)|Wilton Island]] * [[Bruce Island (Franz Josef Land)|Windward Island]] * [[Zichy Land]] * [[Ziegler Island]]}} == Hanyoyin ruwa == Markham Sound hanya ce ta ruwa tsakanin Zichy Land da tsibirin McClintock da Hall.{{Sfn|Heilprin|Heilprin|1990}} Yammacin tashar Burtaniya shine Yarima George Land.{{Sfn|Heilprin|Heilprin|1990}} Alexandra Land ya ƙunshi Weyprecht Bay.{{Sfn|Heilprin|Heilprin|1990}} Yammacin Austria Sound shine Zichy Land.{{Sfn|Heilprin|Heilprin|1990}} Nan da nan arewacin Franz Josef Land shine Sarauniya Victoria Sea.{{Sfn|Heilprin|Heilprin|1990}} == Yanayi == Yanayin yanayi a nan yana da tsanani sosai tare da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi kamar (-) 25 °C zuwa (-) 3{{Convert|0|C|F}} °C a lokacin hunturu; har ma a lokacin rani zafin jiki ba ya tashi sama da 0 . Dare na polar yana da kwanaki 125 yayin da kwanakin polar suna da 140. A yanayin yanayi, Kogin Gulf bai kai tsibirin Franz Josef Land ba. Polynias sun samo asali ne daga iska da raƙuman teku waɗanda ke da rinjaye a arewa da kudancin ɓangaren ƙasa, waɗanda ke haifar da babban yankin da ba shi da kankara teku. Iska ta gabas da arewa suna haifar da iska mai sanyi sosai. Ruwan sama ya bambanta tsakanin millimeters 100 (3.9 in) da millimeters 300 (12 in) amma galibi nau'in dusar ƙanƙara.{{Sfn|Umbreit|2013}}&nbsp;&nbsp; == Ilimin ƙasa == Siffar yanayin ƙasa guda biyu da aka gano sune na Late Triassic da Jurassic tsarin sedimentary wanda aka yi rikodin zuwa zurfin mita 200 (660 ft) a Cape Flora kuma a hankali ya koma bakin tekun a arewa. Kututturan bishiyar burbushin halittu anan sun tabbatar da wannan kima. Sama da jurassic sedimentary Layer na 500 m (1,600 ft) kauri, wanda basaltic ne, kutsawar lokaci ce ta dolerite ta haifar da fashewar aman wuta. Har ila yau, ana ganin akwai wuraren da ba su da laifi da yawa waɗanda suka taimaka wajen kawar da dutsen mai aman wuta da fallasa saman tudu da katangar dutse. Wani fasalin da aka lura anan shine na layin bakin ruwa wanda da alama ya koma baya, sakamakon samuwar tsibirai (tashin tsibiran da ke saman tekun kankara an ruwaito cewa ya kai milimita 2-3 (0.079-0.118 in) a kowace shekara). Ko da yake galibin ƙasar tana cike da ƙanƙara mai ƙanƙara, tana da ɓangarorin da aka rufe da gansakuka. Yankin arewa maso gabas na tsibiran yana kulle cikin kankara mafi yawan shekara; duk da haka ƙanƙarar wani lokaci tana ja da baya arewa ta wuce tsibiran a lokacin rani (Satumba [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q3y5w16c44c5v9xhv0hfcz3a5tn9tn9 0 111772 890444 693639 2026-08-02T06:50:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Taking Children Seriously ('''TCS''') bincike ne na iyaye da falsafar ilimi wanda babban ra'ayinsa shine cewa yara mutane ne masu cike. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Sarah Fitz-Claridge ce ta yi tunanin TCS tsakanin 1988 da 1989, kuma daga baya ta girma cikin jerin wasiku na kan layi a kusa da 1992. TCS ya fara ne da lura cewa yawancin hulɗar gargajiya tsakanin manya da matasa sun dogara ne akan [[Coercion|tilasta]]. Maimakon kallon wasu tushen ra'ayoyi - kamar ra'ayoyin iyaye - kamar suna da iko, Ɗauki Yara Yana ɗaukar ci gaban ilimi da muhimmanci, wanda ke nufin gasa kyauta na ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da la'akari da tushe ba. Tsarin TCS na iyaye da ilimi yana kallon tilastawa a matsayin keta nufin yaro, kuma ya ƙi iyaye ko malami "hadaya" a matsayin keta son rai na babba. TCS ya bayyana tilastawa a matsayin: "haɗe-haɗe sau biyu - sanya wasu a cikin yanayin da ba a yi nasara ba - ta amfani da basirar ku don hana a warware matsalolin. Hukuma. Yin hulɗa a matsayin matsayi. Dubi ƙasa. " TCS yana ba da shawarar cewa iyaye da yara suna aiki da ƙira don neman mafita ba tare da karfi ko sulhu ba. Falsafar TCS ta sanar da ilimin Karl Popper da David Deutsch, masanin kimiyyar lissafi a [[Jami'ar Oxford]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.takingchildrenseriously.com Shafin yanar gizon da ke ɗauke da yara masu tsanani] * [http://www.utne.com/2003-11-01/Free-to-Be-Me.aspx An sake buga shi] a cikin Utne Reader{{Cite journal |title=Brain Child Mag Homepage |url=http://www.brainchildmag.com/ |journal=Brain, Child Magazine |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=Winter 2003 |access-date=2008-11-11}}''[[Utne Reader|Mai Karɓar Kyauta]]'' * {{Cite web |date=2008-11-11 |title=Pedagogy > Taking Children Seriously |url=http://www.k12academics.com/taking_children_seriously.htm |access-date=11 November 2008 |publisher=K12 Academics |archive-date=2008-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908044213/http://k12academics.com/taking_children_seriously.htm |url-status=dead }} * "Mutanen dole ne su fara ɗaukar yara da muhimmanci". Lokaci na Kwalejin. 2022-09-13. An samo shi a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2022. *{{Cite web |date=2022-09-13 |title=People must start taking children seriously |url=http://www.collegiatetimes.com/opinion/people-must-start-taking-children-seriously/article_4acddb14-3213-11ed-8c32-8bba4773f752.html |access-date=13 September 2022 |publisher=Collegiate Times}} 3qu21rac8q0wpbmpiyx629g4y9h2qs0 0 111987 890539 830529 2026-08-02T10:59:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 890539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan''' ( Urdu ) Mujalla ce ta Musulunci ta mako-mako don mata, wanda Sayyid Mumtaz Ali tare da matarsa [[Muhammadi Begum]] suka fara a shekara ta 1898. Ana kallonta a matsayin aikin farko na yancin mata a Musulunci. <ref name="mansoor">{{Cite journal |last=Moaddel |first=Mansoor |year=1998 |title=Religion and Women: Islamic Modernism versus Fundamentalism |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |volume=37 |issue=1 |page=116 |doi=10.2307/1388032 |jstor=1388032}}</ref> An buga shi daga [[Lahore]] tsakanin 1898 zuwa 1949. == Tarihi == Wannan Mujalla mai suna ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' ta [[Syed Ahmad Khan]], <ref name="thenews2">{{Cite web |last=Tahir Kamran |author-link=Tahir Kamran |date=8 July 2018 |title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Sayyid Mumtaz Ali]] ne ya kafa shi tare da matarsa [[Muhammadi Begum]] a shekara ta 1898. An buga fitowarta ta farko a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1898. Ta fara da shafuka takwas daga baya kuma ta fadada zuwa shafuka 10, daga karshe kuma ta fadada zuwa shafi 116. Matar Mumtaz Ali ita ce editan farko na ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' kuma bayan rasuwarta, diyar Mumtaz Ali Waheeda Begum ta gyara mujallar. <ref name="thenews">{{Cite web |last=Tahir Kamran |author-link=Tahir Kamran |date=8 July 2018 |title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga baya Mumtaz Ali ]an Imtiaz Ali Taj ne ya gyara shi, <ref name="thenews" /> da manyan malamai ciki har da Abdulmajeed Salik da Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi . Mujallar ta taimaka wa marubuta mata da yawa su yi fice. A cikin aikinta na bincike mai suna ''Feminism in Modern Urdu Poetesses'', Ambreen Salahuddin ta rubuta cewa "daga fitowar farko mata da yawa sun fara rubuta wa wannan mujalla kusan dukkansu sun rubuta kasidu na kawo sauyi kan camfi na sadaki ko almubazzaranci da dai sauransu." <ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Role of Female Writers in the Promotion of Popular Literature in Urdu |url=http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/55-61.%20Faiza%20Bashir-The%20Role%20of%20Female%20Writers%20in%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Popular.pdf |journal=PUTAJ – Humanities and Social Sciences |publisher=Peshawar University Teachers’ Association |volume=23 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105151127/http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/55-61.%20Faiza%20Bashir-The%20Role%20of%20Female%20Writers%20in%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Popular.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-05}}</ref> A cewar Gail Minault, ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' yana da masu biyan kuɗi 60 ko 70 bayan watanni uku ko huɗu, kuma bayan shekaru huɗu yana da masu biyan kuɗi 300 ko 400. An daina buga mujallar a 1949. <ref name="thenews"/> == Gado == Da yake yabawa Mumtaz Ali ga ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'', masanin tarihin Pakistan Ghulam Rasool Mehr ya ce, == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m315ilykabl4mqjvbfabvlccm8qe0gg 890540 890539 2026-08-02T10:59:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 890540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan''' (Urdu) Mujalla ce ta Musulunci ta mako-mako don mata, wanda Sayyid Mumtaz Ali tare da matarsa [[Muhammadi Begum]] suka fara a shekara ta 1898. Ana kallonta a matsayin aikin farko na yancin mata a Musulunci. <ref name="mansoor">{{Cite journal |last=Moaddel |first=Mansoor |year=1998 |title=Religion and Women: Islamic Modernism versus Fundamentalism |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |volume=37 |issue=1 |page=116 |doi=10.2307/1388032 |jstor=1388032}}</ref> An buga shi daga [[Lahore]] tsakanin 1898 zuwa 1949. == Tarihi == Wannan Mujalla mai suna ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' ta [[Syed Ahmad Khan]], <ref name="thenews2">{{Cite web |last=Tahir Kamran |author-link=Tahir Kamran |date=8 July 2018 |title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Sayyid Mumtaz Ali]] ne ya kafa shi tare da matarsa [[Muhammadi Begum]] a shekara ta 1898. An buga fitowarta ta farko a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1898. Ta fara da shafuka takwas daga baya kuma ta fadada zuwa shafuka 10, daga karshe kuma ta fadada zuwa shafi 116. Matar Mumtaz Ali ita ce editan farko na ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' kuma bayan rasuwarta, diyar Mumtaz Ali Waheeda Begum ta gyara mujallar. <ref name="thenews">{{Cite web |last=Tahir Kamran |author-link=Tahir Kamran |date=8 July 2018 |title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga baya Mumtaz Ali ]an Imtiaz Ali Taj ne ya gyara shi, <ref name="thenews" /> da manyan malamai ciki har da Abdulmajeed Salik da Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi . Mujallar ta taimaka wa marubuta mata da yawa su yi fice. A cikin aikinta na bincike mai suna ''Feminism in Modern Urdu Poetesses'', Ambreen Salahuddin ta rubuta cewa "daga fitowar farko mata da yawa sun fara rubuta wa wannan mujalla kusan dukkansu sun rubuta kasidu na kawo sauyi kan camfi na sadaki ko almubazzaranci da dai sauransu." <ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Role of Female Writers in the Promotion of Popular Literature in Urdu |url=http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/55-61.%20Faiza%20Bashir-The%20Role%20of%20Female%20Writers%20in%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Popular.pdf |journal=PUTAJ – Humanities and Social Sciences |publisher=Peshawar University Teachers’ Association |volume=23 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105151127/http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/55-61.%20Faiza%20Bashir-The%20Role%20of%20Female%20Writers%20in%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Popular.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-05}}</ref> A cewar Gail Minault, ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' yana da masu biyan kuɗi 60 ko 70 bayan watanni uku ko huɗu, kuma bayan shekaru huɗu yana da masu biyan kuɗi 300 ko 400. An daina buga mujallar a 1949. <ref name="thenews"/> == Gado == Da yake yabawa Mumtaz Ali ga ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'', masanin tarihin Pakistan Ghulam Rasool Mehr ya ce, == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ej4if1wkxtjo9jym2hwy8sstya6bhi5 890541 890540 2026-08-02T11:00:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 890541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan''' (Urdu) Mujalla ce ta Musulunci ta mako-mako don mata, wanda Sayyid Mumtaz Ali tare da matarsa [[Muhammadi Begum]] suka fara a shekara ta 1898. Ana kallonta a matsayin aikin farko na yancin mata a Musulunci. <ref name="mansoor">{{Cite journal |last=Moaddel |first=Mansoor |year=1998 |title=Religion and Women: Islamic Modernism versus Fundamentalism |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |volume=37 |issue=1 |page=116 |doi=10.2307/1388032 |jstor=1388032}}</ref> An buga shi daga [[Lahore]] tsakanin 1898 zuwa 1949. == Tarihi == Wannan Mujalla mai suna ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' ta [[Syed Ahmad Khan]],<ref name="thenews2">{{Cite web |last=Tahir Kamran |author-link=Tahir Kamran |date=8 July 2018 |title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Sayyid Mumtaz Ali]] ne ya kafa shi tare da matarsa [[Muhammadi Begum]] a shekara ta 1898. An buga fitowarta ta farko a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1898. Ta fara da shafuka takwas daga baya kuma ta fadada zuwa shafuka 10, daga karshe kuma ta fadada zuwa shafi 116. Matar Mumtaz Ali ita ce editan farko na ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' kuma bayan rasuwarta, diyar Mumtaz Ali Waheeda Begum ta gyara mujallar. <ref name="thenews">{{Cite web |last=Tahir Kamran |author-link=Tahir Kamran |date=8 July 2018 |title=Re-imagining of Muslim Women - II |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/565865-re-imagining-muslim-women-ii |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=thenews.com.pk |publisher=[[The News International]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga baya Mumtaz Ali ]an Imtiaz Ali Taj ne ya gyara shi,<ref name="thenews" /> da manyan malamai ciki har da Abdulmajeed Salik da Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi. Mujallar ta taimaka wa marubuta mata da yawa su yi fice. A cikin aikinta na bincike mai suna ''Feminism in Modern Urdu Poetesses'', Ambreen Salahuddin ta rubuta cewa "daga fitowar farko mata da yawa sun fara rubuta wa wannan mujalla kusan dukkansu sun rubuta kasidu na kawo sauyi kan camfi na sadaki ko almubazzaranci da dai sauransu." <ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Role of Female Writers in the Promotion of Popular Literature in Urdu |url=http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/55-61.%20Faiza%20Bashir-The%20Role%20of%20Female%20Writers%20in%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Popular.pdf |journal=PUTAJ – Humanities and Social Sciences |publisher=Peshawar University Teachers’ Association |volume=23 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105151127/http://journals.uop.edu.pk/papers/55-61.%20Faiza%20Bashir-The%20Role%20of%20Female%20Writers%20in%20the%20Promotion%20of%20Popular.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-05}}</ref> A cewar Gail Minault, ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'' yana da masu biyan kuɗi 60 ko 70 bayan watanni uku ko huɗu, kuma bayan shekaru huɗu yana da masu biyan kuɗi 300 ko 400. An daina buga mujallar a 1949.<ref name="thenews"/> == Gado == Da yake yabawa Mumtaz Ali ga ''Tehzeeb-e-Niswan'', masanin tarihin Pakistan Ghulam Rasool Mehr ya ce, == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ap50k9m3sbxk7b85lgtutitgdkon29l 0 112300 890414 694779 2026-08-02T05:44:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yarjejeniya Ta Kasa ta Yuli ( Bengali ''',''' Sanarwa ce ta siyasa a Bangladesh bisa yarjejeniya tsakanin [[List of Bangladeshi political parties|jam'iyyun siyasa 30]] da [[Ma'aikatar Yunus|gwamnatin rikon kwarya]] kan sauye-sauyen [[Constitution of Bangladesh|tsarin mulki]] da zabe da gudanarwa [[Aftermath of July Revolution (Bangladesh)|bayan juyin juya halin Yuli]] . An fitar da wani daftarin farko na yarjejeniyoyin a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2025, bayan jerin shawarwarin da suka shafi bangarorin. Kwamitin da [[Chief Adviser of Bangladesh|babban mai ba da shawara]] [[Muhammad Yunus]] ya kafa don tsara wannan takarda ne ya taimaka wa wadannan tattaunawa. Bayan ci gaba da tattaunawa da bita, ana sa ran bangarorin za su rattaba hannu a hukumance tare da yin amfani da sigar karshe na yarjejeniyoyin. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi maki 28. == Makasudai == Alkawuran Yarjejeniya sun haɗa da: # Tabbatar da cikakken aiwatar da shi bisa ga burin jama'a da sadaukarwa; # Ƙaddamar da shawarwarin da suka shafi shugabanci, shari'a, zaɓe, gudanar da jama'a, tilasta doka, da kuma yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ta hanyar gyare-gyaren tsarin mulkin da ya dace, gyaran shari'a, ko sababbin dokoki; # Kammala waɗannan gyare-gyare a cikin shekaru biyu da kafa gwamnatin da aka zaɓa bayan Yarjejeniya ta yau da kullun; # Kafa kariyar doka da tsarin mulki a duk lokacin aiwatarwa; # Bayar da cikakken kariya ta doka da tsarin mulki don abubuwan da ke cikin Yarjejeniya; kuma # Gane bisa ƙa'ida, a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, mahimmancin tarihi na 2024 mai fafutukar tabbatar da dimokuradiyya da tashe-tashen hankulan jama'a waɗanda suka haifar da Yarjejeniya ta. === Ayyukan Kwanan nan === A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2025, masu zanga-zangar sun ji rauni a lokacin boren Yuli-Agusta sun tare mahadar Shahbagh na Dhaka, suna neman a ayyana "Yarjejeniyar Yuli" da " Sanarwar Yuli ." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-31 |title=Dhaka roads gridlocked as protesters block Shahbagh demanding July Charter |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/protestors-block-shahbagh-demand-july-charter-1201046 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> Muzaharar ta haifar da cikas ga zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, inda mahalarta taron suka sha alwashin ci gaba har sai an biya musu bukatunsu. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Protesters block Shahbagh demanding July Charter |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/817024 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=daily-sun |language= |archive-date=2025-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801050212/https://www.daily-sun.com/post/817024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Blockade at Shahbagh demands implementation of ‘July Charter’, traffic gridlock |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/city/lszbk5t0j2 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Prothomalo |language=}}</ref> == Martani ==   Jam’iyyar ‘yan kishin kasa ta Bangladesh (BNP) da wasu da dama sun kasance cikin tsaka mai wuya amma sun bayyana cewa hakan zai kara amfanar wasu jam’iyyu, lamarin da ke nuni da jam’iyyar National Citizen Party (NCP) da dalibai ke jagoranta. Daga baya BNP ya yi adawa da ba da Yarjejeniya ta Yuli amincewar tsarin mulki. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ocge8srk3d0bbllr7t9fz0ra21z75wf 0 112405 890553 799409 2026-08-02T11:26:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens''' kungiya ce ta siyasa ta mata masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da aka kirkira a farkon shekarun 1980 don aiwatar da dabarun ayyukan da ba na tashin hankali kai tsaye ba don wayar da kan jama'a game da bukatar [[Kwaskwarimar Daidaita Hakki|Gyaran Hakki daidai]] . Ƙungiyar ta kuma ba da shawarar [[haƙƙin haifuwa]] kuma ta dade a cikin 1980s. == Ayyuka a Gidan Jihar Illinois == Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens an san su musamman don ayyukansu na kai tsaye a gidan gwamnatin Illinois a 1982. Ɗaya daga cikin kakanin wanda ya kafa, [[Mary Lee Sargent]], ta kasance [[Suffrage|mai neman zaɓe]] . Sargent ya kafa wannan rukunin yayin koyarwa a Kwalejin Community Parkland a Illinois. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Oral History Interview - ERA Fight in Illinois Mary Lee Sargent |url=https://presidentlincoln.illinois.gov/oral-history/collections/sargent-mary-lee/interview-detail/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=presidentlincoln.illinois.gov}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i masu yawa daga [[Sue Yarber]] mai shekaru goma sha takwas zuwa [[Berenice A. Carroll|Berenice Carroll]] wanda ya kasance a cikin marigayi 40s. A cikin 1982, an saita ERA don ƙarewa kuma duka ƙungiyoyin pro da anti-ERA sun sauko kan Capitol a Illinois don yin ra'ayin 'yan majalisar dokoki. Membobin Ƙungiyar Grassroots na Jama'a na Biyu ana yawan kiransu da [[Ƙungiyar Chain|ƙungiyar sarƙoƙi]] saboda sun ɗaure kansu tare a cikin babban birnin tarayya. [[Fayil:Day_of_Rebellion.jpg|thumb|Falo mai tallata Ranar Tawaye don tallafawa Daidaiton [[Kwaskwarimar Daidaita Hakki|Haƙƙin Ƙimar]]]] == Ranar Tawaye don ERA == Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ayyukan da ƙungiyar Grassroots ta Jama'a na aji na biyu ta yi an san su da [[Ranar Tawaye ga ERA|Ranar Tawayensu ga ERA]] a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1982. A wannan ranar, mata 17 sun ɗaure kansu a cikin Babban Birnin Jihar Illinois . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=36 years later, Catania hopeful about ERA |url=https://www.sj-r.com/story/opinion/columns/2018/04/15/36-years-later-catania-hopeful/12699274007/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The State Journal-Register |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar ''Macon Telegraph'', "Lokacin da aka tambaye su ko sun damu cewa zama a cikin zai iya kawar da magoya bayan ERA, Mary Lee Sargent ... ya ce, "Ya yi latti don haka ... muna nan don ƙara haɓaka." Sargent ya lura cewa wannan matakin yana da alaƙa da ayyukan tsageru na [[Zaɓen Mata|ƙungiyar zaɓen mata]] . Ta ce: "Yinmu ne mu fitar da jikinmu a nan, mu zama abin kallo kuma mutane su yi dariya ... amma mu fuskanci mutane kai tsaye." <ref name=":3" /> Ƙungiyar Grassroots ta Jama'a na aji na biyu sun ƙi barin Capitol kuma mambobin sun shafe dare hudu a gidan yari. An nakalto Anne Casey-Elder, mamba a kungiyar tana cewa, "Babu wanda ya taba mamaye ginin babban gida irin wannan." Hoton matan da ke sarka ya fito a ''mujallar Life'' a 1982. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Oral History Interview - ERA Fight in Illinois Mary Lee Sargent |url=https://presidentlincoln.illinois.gov/oral-history/collections/sargent-mary-lee/interview-detail/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=presidentlincoln.illinois.gov}}</ref> == Zubar da jinin dabba == Daga nan sai kungiyar ta fesa jinin dabbobi a cikin babban birnin tarayya domin nuna alamar mutuwar ERA. An umarce su da su biya fiye da $2,000 na kudaden tsaftacewa. Mary Lee Sargent ta ji cewa tarar ba ta dace ba kuma ta ce, "Ana neman mu biya dubban daloli don zanga-zangar. Da na ji daɗin biyan kuɗin tsaftacewa. Amma bai kashe $ 2,300 don tsaftacewa ba. == Mata Yunwa Don Adalci == [[Fayil:Speaker_Door_ERA_Protest_1982.jpg|thumb|Membobin Rukunin Grassroots na Jama'a Na Biyu suna zaune a gaban ofishin Kakakin Majalisa a Illinois a cikin 1982]] Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens sun kasance siyasa a lokaci guda da kuma wuri lokacin da wani rukuni na mata [[azumi]] domin ERA a Illinois a 1982. Wannan taron da aka sani da Mata Yunwar Adalci . Kungiyoyin biyu sun bayyana hadin kai ga juna a cikin manema labarai. Masu azumi sun hada da masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata da suka dade suna [[Zoe Nicholson]] da Sonia Johnson . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zoe Ann Nicholson |url=https://onlinewithzoe.typepad.com/about.html |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=onlinewithzoe.typepad.com |archive-date=2022-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724163113/https://onlinewithzoe.typepad.com/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayan shekaru == Bayan gazawar yaƙin neman zaɓe na ERA, Ƙungiyar Grassroots don Jama'a na aji na biyu sun ci gaba da kasancewa cikin siyasa yayin da suke ba da shawara ga wasu dalilai na mata da suka haɗa da haƙƙin zubar da ciki. A shekara ta 1982, kungiyar ta dauki wani mataki inda suka nuna a matsayin "mayu" yayin da suke gudanar da shari'ar izgili ga 'yan majalisa. A cikin 1984, Sargent ya nemi kujera a Kwamitin Amintattu na Jami'ar Illinois-Champaign . <ref name=":2"/> A ƙarshe ƙungiyar ta watse a cikin 1993. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Papers of Mary Lee Sargent, 1982-2004 {{!}} HOLLIS for |url=https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/12218 |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu |archive-date=2022-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024030254/https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/12218 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Membobin Rukunin Grassroots na Jama'a Na Biyu == * [[Berenice A. Carroll|Berenice Carroll]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berenice Carroll |url=https://theccwh.org/about-the-ccwh/berenice-carroll/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=Coordinating Council for Women in History |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Anne Casey-Elder|Anne Casey-Dattijo]] * [[Kari Alice Lynn]] <ref name=":2"/> * [[Loretta Manning]] <ref name=":2" /> * Shafin Mellish <ref name=":2" /> * Joyce Meyer * [[Caroline Plank]] * Mary Lee Sargent <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary Lee Sargent |url=https://www.maryleesargent.org/projects/Grassroots_Groups_of_Second_Class_Citizens.html |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=www.maryleesargent.org }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> * Alice Weber <ref name=":1" /> * [[Marlena Williams]] * [[Sue Yarber]] <ref name=":2" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 424z3d6f9uthi0s918ibifefy963b0m 0 112413 890415 882490 2026-08-02T05:44:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}    Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW) yarjejeniya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ta ƙunshi preamble da labarai 30 waɗanda galibi aka sani da dokar haƙƙin mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CEDAW: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/cedaw.htm |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=UN Women}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana nau'ikan wariya ga mata tare da samar da ajanda don kawo karshen wannan wariya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CEDAW: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/cedaw.htm |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=UN Women}}</ref> Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi a cikin 1979 kuma an kafa shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1981, tun lokacin da jihohi 189 suka amince da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CEDAW Ratifications and Obligations |url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/#:~:text=Countries%20that%20have%20ratified%20or,comply%20with%20their%20treaty%20obligations |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=UN Women}}</ref> Yarda da Yarjejeniyar na buƙatar Jihohi da su himmatu wajen kawo ƙarshen wariya ga mata ta kowace fuska ta hanyar ɗaukar matakai kamar: 1) haɗa ƙa'idar daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a cikin tsarin shari'a da soke dokokin wariya da suka rigaya, 2) kafa kotunan shari'a da cibiyoyin jama'a don tabbatar da ingantaccen kariya ga mata daga wariya, kawar da duk wani wariya na dindindin, 3) korar mace ta dindindin. kungiyoyi, ko kamfanoni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Treaties |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/intl-treaties.html |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928033541/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/intl-treaties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sama da kasashe 50 da suka amince da yarjejeniyar sun yi hakan ne bisa wasu furucin, dagewa, da ƙin yarda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CEDAW Reservations by Country |url=http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reservations-country.htm |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=UN Women via Wayback Machine |archive-date=22 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222104936/http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reservations-country.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Misali, 38 na wadancan kasashe sun ki amincewa da aiwatar da Mataki na ashirin da tara, wanda ke magana kan hanyoyin sasanta rigingimun da suka shafi fassarar ko aiwatar da yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CEDAW Reservations by Country |url=http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reservations-country.htm |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=UN Women via Wayback Machine |archive-date=22 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222104936/http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/reservations-country.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Sanarwar Ostiraliya ta lura da iyakancewar ikon gwamnatin tsakiya sakamakon tsarin tsarin mulkin tarayya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://women.ca.gov/about/ |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=California Commission on the Status of Women and Girls}}</ref> Amurka da Palau sun rattaba hannu kan CEDAW, amma ba su amince da yarjejeniyar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CEDAW Ratifications and Obligations |url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/#:~:text=Countries%20that%20have%20ratified%20or,comply%20with%20their%20treaty%20obligations |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=UN Women}}</ref> Mai Tsarki, [[Iran]], [[Somaliya|Somalia]], Sudan, da [[Tonga]] ba su sanya hannu kan CEDAW ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Member States |url=https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> A halin yanzu Ana Pelaez Narvaez yana riƙe da matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin CEDAW. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Opens 2025 Session |url=https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/meeting-summary/2025/02/committee-elimination-discrimination-against-women-opens |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=UN Geneva}}</ref> == Babban taron == === Takaitawa === Yarjejeniyar tana da irin wannan tsari ga Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariyar launin fata, "dukansu dangane da iyakokin muhimman ayyukanta da hanyoyin sa ido na kasa da kasa". An tsara taron a sassa shida tare da jimillar labarai 30. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CEDAW.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507222247/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CEDAW.aspx |archive-date=7 May 2015 |access-date=2015-05-08 |website=ohchr.org}}</ref> * '''Sashe na I''' (Labarai na 1-6) yana mai da hankali kan rashin nuna bambanci, ra'ayin jima'i, da fataucin jima'i. * '''Sashi na II''' (Mataki na 7-9) ya zayyana yancin mata a fagen jama'a tare da mai da hankali kan rayuwar siyasa, wakilci, da haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa. * '''Sashe na uku''' (Mataki na 10-14) ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar mata, musamman mai da hankali kan ilimi, aiki, da lafiya. Kashi na uku kuma ya kunshi kariya ta musamman ga matan karkara da matsalolin da suke fuskanta. * '''Sashe na hudu''' (Mataki na 15 da 16) ya bayyana ‘yancin mata na samun daidaito a cikin aure da rayuwar iyali tare da ‘yancin daidaito a gaban doka. * '''Sashi na V''' (Mataki na 17-22) ya kafa kwamitin kawar da wariya ga mata da kuma tsarin bayar da rahoton jam’iyyu na jihohi. * '''Sashe na VI''' (Mataki na 23 – 30) ya bayyana illolin da taron zai yi kan wasu yarjejeniyoyin, da jajircewar jam’iyyun jihohi da gudanar da taron. == CEDAW tare da UNSCR 1325 da 1820 == [[Fayil:Map5.1Discrepant_Behavior_compressed.jpg|right|thumb|400x400px|Taswirar duniya da ke nuna ƙasashe ta hanyar aiwatar da CEDAW, 2010]] '''Sharuɗɗa 1325 Abubuwan da suka faru na cika shekaru 10 suna nuna amfani da hanyoyin CEDAW <ref name="gnwp">{{Cite web |date=November 2010 |title=Ensuring Accountability to UNSCR 1325 and 1820 using CEDAW reporting mechanisms |url=http://www.gnwp.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Cedaw-1325-1820-synergy2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501140626/http://www.gnwp.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Cedaw-1325-1820-synergy2.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-01 |access-date=5 July 2014 |website=gnwp.org |publisher=Global Network of Women Peacebuilders}}</ref>''' Bikin cika shekaru 10 na ƙudiri mai lamba 1325 a watan Oktoban 2010 ya nuna ƙarin buƙatu na yin lissafin kudiri mai lamba 1325 kan Mata, Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro. Mutane da yawa sun nuna damuwa game da yadda kasashe 22 Membobi ne kawai daga cikin 192 suka amince da tsare-tsaren ayyukan kasa. Har yanzu mata ba su da wakilci, idan ba a nan gaba ɗaya ba, a yawancin shawarwarin zaman lafiya na hukuma da cin zarafin mata a lokacin zaman lafiya da rikice-rikice na ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Waɗannan haƙiƙanin sun jaddada buƙatar amfani da hanyoyin doka na waje don ƙarfafa aiwatar da SCR 1325, musamman CEDAW. Ingantattun ingantattun hanyoyin CEDAW - rahoton yarda da Jihohin Membobi da tsarin ba da rahoton inuwar ƙungiyoyin jama'a an kawo su azaman kayan aiki mai yuwuwa don tabbatar da alhaki. == Yadda Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ta Zama Dokar Amurka == Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da wannan yarjejeniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Treaties |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/intl-treaties.html |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928033541/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/intl-treaties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shugaban Amurka ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar, wanda ke nuni da aniyar Amurka na amincewa da yarjejeniyar. Ma'aikatar Jiha tana shirya rahoton doka tare da shawarwarin tanadi, fahimta, da sanarwa (RUDs). Shugaban kasa ya aika da yarjejeniyar zuwa majalisar dattawa don neman shawara da amincewarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Treaties |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/intl-treaties.html |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928033541/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/intl-treaties.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Rahotanni === [[Fayil:UNO_New_York_3.jpg|thumb|Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] A doka ta 18 ta CEDAW dole ne jihohin su kai rahoto ga kwamitin kan ci gaban da suka samu wajen aiwatar da CEDAW a cikin jiharsu. <ref name="Rules2">{{Cite web |last=U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights |title=Rules of Procedure of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/CEDAW_Rules_en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707073126/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/CEDAW_Rules_en.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2012 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Kamar yadda yawancin bayanan da kwamitin ke aiki da su ke fitowa daga waɗannan rahotanni, an samar da jagororin da za su taimaka wa jihohi shirya sahihan rahotanni masu amfani. <ref name="Methods2">{{Cite web |last=United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women |title=Overview of the current working methods of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women |url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/wk-methods/Overview-English.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022084310/http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/wk-methods/Overview-English.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Ana buƙatar rahotanni na farko da ke magana game da halin yanzu na nuna wariya ga mata a cikin jihohin da aka ba da rahoto don magance kowane labarin na CEDAW, kuma ya ƙunshi fiye da shafuka ɗari. <ref name="Rules2" /> Ana buƙatar jihohi su shirya da gabatar da waɗannan rahotannin farko a cikin shekara ɗaya na tabbatar da CEDAW. <ref name="Fact Sheet2">{{Cite web |last=U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights |title=Fact Sheet No. 22, Discrimination Against Women: The Convention and the Committee |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47947740d.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407070611/http://www.refworld.org/docid/47947740d.html |archive-date=7 April 2020 |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Rahotanni na lokaci-lokaci da ke bayyana ci gaban da jihar ke samu wajen bin kasidun CEDAW bai kamata su wuce shafuka saba'in da biyar ba kuma ya kamata su mai da hankali kan takamaiman lokacin tun daga rahoton karshe na jihar. <ref name="Rules2" /> Jam'iyyar CEDAW yawanci ana buƙatar su ba da rahotanni na lokaci-lokaci a kowace shekara huɗu, amma idan kwamitin ya damu da halin da ake ciki a wannan jihar za su iya neman rahoto a kowane lokaci. <ref name="Fact Sheet2" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] meceog9vro6dwi1whjuosiwr48o36f0 0 112516 890549 880081 2026-08-02T11:10:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An kafa '''Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Nun Amurka''' ( '''NCAN''' ) a cikin 1969 ta Margaret Traxler da [[Audrey Kopp]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Document 11: National Coalition of American Nuns, "Declaration of Independence for Women," May 1972 {{!}} Alexander Street Documents |url=https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/d/1000677520 |access-date=2021-08-28 |website=documents.alexanderstreet.com}}</ref> Ƙungiya ta shahara da bayar da shawarwari game da yancin mata, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=The Free |date=19 January 2019 |title=Nun championed diversity, inclusivity, equality |url=https://www.mankatofreepress.com/news/local_news/nun-championed-diversity-inclusivity-equality/article_78367cac-1b31-11e9-83a0-43d6ca85baa7.html |access-date=2021-08-28 |website=Mankato Free Press |language=en}}</ref> goyon baya ga [[Kwaskwarimar Daidaita Hakki|Kwaskwarima Daidaita]], adawa da matsayi na cocin Katolika, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sister Theresa Kane Criticizes Church Hierarchy |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/mercy-sister-theresa-kane-criticizes-church-hierarchy |access-date=2019-09-11 |website=www.ncronline.org/ |language=en-US}}</ref> ciki har da [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2015 |title=American Nuns Abortion Message to Pope Francis |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/american-nuns-abortion-message-to-pope-francis-you-dont-quite-get-it-10483396.html |access-date=2019-09-11 |website=www.independent.co.uk |language=en-UK}}</ref> da matsayinta game da zubar da ciki, 'yancin LGBT, da kuma nadin mata . == Tarihi == Margaret Traxler ce ta kafa NCAN a shekarar 1969.<ref name=":0"/> A cikin 1963, Margaret Traxler ta shiga ƙungiyar firistoci da 'yan'uwa mata da ke tafiya don haƙƙin ɗan adam a Selma, [[Alabama]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Margaret Ellen Traxler |url=http://www.sturdyroots.org/voc_traxler.htm |access-date=2018-04-09 |website=www.sturdyroots.org |archive-date=2018-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616202429/http://www.sturdyroots.org/voc_traxler.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da sa ta shiga cikin Taron Katolika na Kasa don Adalci na Ƙasa, kuma ta haka ne ta kirkiro NCAN.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Margaret Ellen Traxler |url=http://www.sturdyroots.org/voc_traxler.htm |access-date=2018-04-09 |website=www.sturdyroots.org |archive-date=2018-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616202429/http://www.sturdyroots.org/voc_traxler.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da suke membobin su a farkon shekarun 1970, NCAN tana da kusan mambobi ɗari takwas. == Nadin mata == NCAN ta dade tana ci gaba da ra'ayin cewa ya kamata a maraba da mata cikin coci ciki har da firistoci. A cikin 1972, ƙungiyar ta buga "Bayyana Independence ga Mata," daftarin aiki wanda ya bayyana shirin shekaru biyar don cimma daidaiton jinsi a ciki da wajen Ikilisiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NATIONAL COALITION OF AMERICAN NUNS RECORDS SUBJECT FILES, 1969- // Archives // Raynor Memorial Libraries // Marquette University |url=https://www.marquette.edu/library/archives/Mss/NCAN/NCAN-series2.php |access-date=2021-08-28 |website=www.marquette.edu}}</ref> Wannan sanarwar ta ba da shawarar samar da cikakkiyar daidaito ga mata, sake fasalin tsarin tattalin arziki da iko, da rayuwa mai sauƙi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=13 May 1972, 14 - Wisconsin State Journal at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/400736513/?terms=%22declaration%20of%20independence%22%20national%20coalition%20of%20american%20nuns&match=1 |access-date=2021-08-28 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> Sanarwar ta ba da wannan sanarwa, "Mun sake tabbatar da [[Isa|Yesu]] da bishararsa yayin da rayuwarmu ta mai da hankali kuma abin da aka ce, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Nun Amirka ta sa al'umma ta lura cewa mata sun ƙi karɓar duk wani bambaro don tubalin da aka tilasta mana mu yi." <ref>{{Cite web |title=13 May 1972, 14 - Wisconsin State Journal at Newspapers.com |url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/400736513/?terms=%22declaration%20of%20independence%22%20national%20coalition%20of%20american%20nuns&match=1 |access-date=2021-08-28 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> == Matsayin siyasa == NCAN tana haɗin gwiwa tare da Ƙungiyar [[Women-Church Convergence|Mata-Church Convergence]], wanda ke inganta "masu ra'ayin mata daban-daban, masu cike da bangaskiya." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statements |url=http://www.women-churchconvergence.org/index.php/statements |access-date=2018-04-09 |website=www.women-churchconvergence.org |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420051642/http://www.women-churchconvergence.org/index.php/statements |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Taimakawa ga adalcin haihuwa === NCAN ta fi saninta da goyon bayansu mai karfi na adalci wajen haihuwa, ko kuma hakkin mace na zabar abin da zai fi dacewa da jikinta, gami da amfani da maganin hana haihuwa da zubar da ciki, idan an bukata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Coalition of American Nuns Supports Reproductive Justice {{!}} Religious Institute |url=http://religiousinstitute.org/news/ncan-reproductive-justice/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144854/http://religiousinstitute.org/news/ncan-reproductive-justice/ |archive-date=April 26, 2018 |access-date=2018-04-09 |website=religiousinstitute.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙungiyar kuma tana goyan bayan umarnin hana haifuwa a cikin Dokar Kulawa mai araha . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Patricia |date=2014-03-14 |title=Catholic Nuns Back Obamacare Contraception Access |url=https://religiondispatches.org/catholic-nuns-back-obamacare-contraception-access-2/ |access-date=2021-08-28 |website=Religion Dispatches |language=en-US}}</ref> Matsayin NCAN a kan batutuwan zubar da ciki, haƙƙin LGBT, da kuma naɗa mata sun sanya shi cikin rashin jituwa da [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|Bishops na Roman Katolika na Amurka]] da [[Catholic Church and abortion|koyarwar Ikilisiya ta hukuma]]. NCAN ta kasance cikin rikice-rikice na siyasa tare da wasu kungiyoyin Katolika lokacin da suka fara kalubalantar Dokar Kulawa mai araha ta hanyar kin amincewa da inshora don maganin hana daukar ciki ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Coalition of American Nuns Supports Reproductive Justice {{!}} Religious Institute |url=http://religiousinstitute.org/news/ncan-reproductive-justice/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144854/http://religiousinstitute.org/news/ncan-reproductive-justice/ |archive-date=April 26, 2018 |access-date=2018-04-09 |website=religiousinstitute.org |language=en-US}}</ref> NCAN ta yi imanin cewa wannan ya saba wa haƙƙin da aka ba dukkan maza da mata na wannan al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Coalition of American Nuns Supports Reproductive Justice {{!}} Religious Institute |url=http://religiousinstitute.org/news/ncan-reproductive-justice/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144854/http://religiousinstitute.org/news/ncan-reproductive-justice/ |archive-date=April 26, 2018 |access-date=2018-04-09 |website=religiousinstitute.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan da Paparoma ya bayyana cewa firistoci za su iya gafarta wa matan da suka zubar da ciki muddin sun yarda da zunubi, NCAN ta fahimci cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a yi don "sa mata su zama membobin Cocin Katolika". Duk da yake NCAN ta amince da yunkurin Paparoma na yin aiki a hanyar fastoci da kuma ta sauƙaƙa matsayinsa game da batun, mata da yawa a cikin cocin ba su sami waɗannan maganganu ba su gamsarwa ba kuma sun ji kamar dai Ikilisiyar ba ta amince da haƙƙinsu na cin gashin kansu ba. 'Yan majami'ar sun yi jayayya cewa "sperm daga maza ne ke da alhakin waɗannan ciki da ba a tsara su ba". Sauran kungiyoyin mata na Katolika, irin su Katolika don Zaɓin, sun shiga NCAN kuma sun yi magana game da Paparoma.<ref name="thesenuns2" /> Wani memba na NCAN, Sister [[Donna Quinn]], ya yi magana game da firist ɗin bayan an yi waɗannan maganganun, yana cewa "Ina tsammanin yana samun shi a cikin ma'anar Vatican kuma game da matsayi, amma har yanzu ba zai bari mata su kasance cikakkiyar memba tare da al'adar Katolika ba. Mata har yanzu ba su da cikakken memba. "<ref name="thesenuns2" /><ref name="thesenuns2" /> == Labaran watsa labarai == NCAN ta sami kulawar ƙasa lokacin da Sisters Margaret Traxler, Donna Quinn, Ann Patrick Ware, da Deborah Barrett suka bayyana, a cikin 1982, a kan Phil Donahue Nuna dokar adawa da ke iyakance zubar da ciki. == Taimakawa ga al'ummar LGBT == NCAN kuma an santa da goyon bayan haƙƙin LGBT da yarda da su cikin cocin Katolika. A cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin coci da al'ummar LGBT sama da shekaru arba'in da bakwai, 'yar'uwa Jeannine Gramick ta sake tabbatar da goyon bayan NCAN ga mutanen LGBT saboda tunanin cewa 'yan mata suna da tsauraran ra'ayi da zalunci, musamman game da batutuwan zamantakewa irin waɗannan. <ref name="untold" /> Yar'uwa Jeannine Gramick ta raba cewa "ta yi fatan [s] siffar nuns kamar yadda mutane masu tausayi da masu neman adalci za su maye gurbin tsohon da wawa hoton na nuns wanda har yanzu ana maimaita shi." <ref name="untold" /> Har ma ta rubuta makala, mai suna ''National Catholic Reporter's'' "Rahoton Sister's Sister", wanda ke jawo hankali ga waɗannan batutuwan adalci na zamantakewa da dangantakarsu da nuns na Cocin Katolika. Gramick ya bayyana cewa "'yan darikar Katolika sun kasance masu goyon bayan LGBT mafi karfi a tsakanin mutanen coci." <ref name="untold" /> Yar'uwa Gramick da sauran membobin NCAN da yawa sun halarci gangamin "Makon Dare don 'Yanci" da zanga-zangar (duba ƙasa) a lokacin 2012 don ƙoƙarin shawo kan mutane cewa ana kai hari kan 'yancin siyasar ƙasarmu. Sister Gramick ta bayyana cewa, "muna son shugabannin cocinmu su kasance shugabannin makiyaya musamman masu kula da talakawa da marasa galihu, 'yan luwadi da madigo, mata da yancin kowa da kowa maimakon siyasar bangaranci da ake ganin suna wasa." <ref name="fortnight" /> Duk da haka, matsayinsu kan waɗannan batutuwa ya haifar da cece-kuce a tsakanin Kiristoci a cikin shekaru masu yawa da NCAN ta yi. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1pawfj5lnx0hbbb070sk7ip9he5oku1 0 112623 890260 695734 2026-08-01T19:33:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kunkuru bogin''' ( '''''Glyptemys muhlenbergii''''' ) wani nau'in [[Afifiya|kunkuru]] ne mai hatsarin gaske a cikin dangin Emydidae . Wannan nau'in yana da yawa a gabashin Amurka . An fara kwatanta shi a kimiyyance a cikin 1801 bayan wani binciken ƙarni na 18 na [[Pennsylvania]] . Karamin kunkuru [[Amurka ta Arewa|na Arewacin Amurka]], carapace yana auna kusan {{Convert|10|cm|in|0}} tsawon lokacin girma. Ko da yake kunkuru na bogin yana kama da kamannin kunkuru ko fenti , danginsa na kusa shine ainihin kunkuru na itace . Ana iya samun kunkuru na bog daga [[Vermont]] a arewa, kudu zuwa [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], da yamma zuwa [[Pennsylvania]] . Diurnal da asirce, yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokutan sa a binne a cikin laka kuma - a cikin watanni na hunturu - a cikin hibernation. Kunkurun bogin yana da komi, yana ciyarwa a kan ƙananan invertebrates . Kunkurun bogin dabbar [[New Jersey]] ce mai rarrafe. Babban kunkuru bogin yana auna {{Convert|110|g|oz}} a matsakaici. Fatarta da harsashi yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne, tare da tabo orange na musamman a kowane gefen wuyansa. Da aka yi la'akari [[Threatened species|da barazanar]] a matakin tarayya, kunkuru na bogin yana da kariya a ƙarƙashin [[Endangered Species Act|Dokar Kayayyakin Dabbobi]] na Amurka. Tsire-tsire masu cin zarafi da ci gaban birane sun kawar da yawancin wuraren zama na kunkuru, tare da rage adadinsa sosai. Bukatar kunkuru na bogin yana da yawa a cinikin dabbobin [[Black market|baƙar fata]], wani ɓangare saboda ƙananan girmansa da halaye na musamman. An gudanar da ayyuka masu zaman kansu daban-daban a wani yunƙuri na mayar da koma baya ga yawan kunkuru. Kunkurun bogin yana da ƙarancin haifuwa; mata suna yin kama guda ɗaya a shekara, tare da matsakaicin ƙwai uku kowanne. Matasan suna girma cikin sauri, suna kaiwa ga balaga cikin jima'i tsakanin shekaru 4 zuwa 10. Kunkuruwan bogi suna rayuwa na tsawon shekaru 20 zuwa 30 a cikin daji. Tun daga 1973, gidan Zoo na Bronx ya yi nasarar haifar da kunkuru a cikin bauta. == Taxonomy == [[Fayil:Glyptemys_muhlenbergiiHolbrookV1P04A.jpg|left|thumb|217x217px|Zane biyu na kunkuru na bogin John Edwards Holbrook wanda ya nuna duka saman (carapace) da kasa (plastron). Yana da launin ruwan kasa da baki sai dai tabo mai rawaya ko lemu mai haske a gefen wuyansa.]] Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg, masanin [[Botany|ilmin kiwo]] kuma malami mai koyar da kansa ya lura da kunkuru na bogin a karni na 18. Muhlenberg, wanda ya ambata sama da 150&nbsp;nau'in tsire-tsire na Arewacin Amirka, yana gudanar da bincike na flora na Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, lokacin da ya gano ƙananan kunkuru. A cikin 1801, Johann David Schoepff ya sanya sunan binciken Muhlenberg ''Testudo muhlenbergii'' a cikin girmamawar Muhlenberg. <ref name="ernst263">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> A 1829, Richard Harlan ya sake suna kunkuru ''Emys muhlenbergii'' . Daga bisani Louis Agassiz ya sake masa suna ''Calemys muhlenbergii'' '','' da kuma ''Clemmys'' ''muhlenbergii'' na Henry Watson Fowler a 1917 daga kusa da Linville, North Carolina . A yau, akwai sunaye daban-daban na kunkuru na bog, ciki har da kunkuru laka, kunkuru marsh, yellowhead, da snapper (kada a ruɗe da kunkuru mai kamawa, wanda sau da yawa suna da sunan iri ɗaya). <ref name="bloomer2004p1-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bloomer|2004}}</ref> An canza sunan jinsin zuwa ''Glyptemys'' a cikin 2001. Kunkuru na bogin da kunkuru na itace, ''Glyptemys insculpta'', har sai an haɗa shi a cikin jinsin ''Clemmys'', wanda kuma ya haɗa da kunkuru ( ''C.&nbsp;guttata'' ) da kunkuru na yamma ( ''C.&nbsp;marmorata'' ). <ref name="Holman2001">{{Cite journal |last=Holman |first=J. A. |last2=Fritz |first2=U. |year=2001 |title=A new emydine species from the Middle Miocene (Barstovian) of Nebraska, USA with a new generic arrangement for the species of ''Clemmys'' sensu McDowell (1964) (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae) |url=http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/wp-content/uploads/file/Articles/Holman_and_Fritz_2001.pdf |journal=Zoologische Abhandlungen |volume=51 |pages=331–354}}</ref> Tsarin Nucleotide da ƙididdigar DNA na ribosomal sun nuna cewa kunkuru na bog da kunkuru na itace suna da alaƙa da kusanci, amma ba shi da alaƙa kai tsaye da tururuwa da aka gani, saboda haka rabuwa na ''Glyptemys'' . <ref name="Bickham1996">{{Cite journal |last=Bickham |first=J. W. T. |last2=Lamb |first2=T. |last3=Minx |first3=P. |last4=Patton |first4=J. C. |year=1996 |title=Molecular systematics of the genus ''Clemmys'' and the intergeneric relationships of emydid turtles |journal=Herpetologica |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=89–97 |jstor=3892960}}</ref> == Bayani == [[Fayil:Bog_Turtle.jpg|alt=A bog turtle lifting its head slightly while on grass|thumb|Samfuran manya]] Kunkuru na bog shine mafi ƙarancin nau'in kunkuru a Arewacin Amurka. <ref name="SmithP1">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Smith|2006}}</ref> Manya suna auna kusan {{Convert|110|g|oz}} lokacin da ya girma. <ref name="DEP">{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=Bog Turtle |url=https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Wildlife/Fact-Sheets/Bog-Turtle |access-date=2009-09-19 |website=Department of Environmental Protection |publisher=State of Connecticut}}</ref> Ba shi da fitaccen hanci. <ref name="ernst263">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> Kansa yana da duhu launin ruwan kasa zuwa baki; <ref name="ernst263" /> duk da haka, yana da rawaya, orange, ko ja mai haske a kowane gefen wuyansa. <ref name="bloomer2004p1-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bloomer|2004}}</ref> Ana yawan cokali mai yatsu, yana fuskantar baya . <ref name="ernst263" /> Kunkuru na bogin yana da kalar fata mai duhu tare da wankan jan ruwan lemu a cikin kafafun wasu mutane. Carapace yana da kumbura kuma yana da siffar rectangular, kuma yana ƙoƙarin zama kunkuntar zuwa kai kuma ya fi fadi zuwa wutsiya. <ref name="ernst263" /> Carapace sau da yawa yana da zoben da za a iya gane su cikin sauƙi a kan ma'auni ko ƙulle-ƙulle . <ref name="NYSDEC">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Bog Turtle Fact Sheet |url=http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7164.html |access-date=2009-09-19 |publisher=New York State Department of Environmental Conservation}}</ref> Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙila kuma suna da tsarin layi mai haske. <ref name="ernst263" /> A wasu tsofaffin mutane, da waɗanda ke yin burowa akai-akai a cikin ƙananan sassa, harsashi na iya zama santsi. <ref name="bloomer2004p2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bloomer|2004}}</ref> Ko da yake gabaɗaya baƙar fata, ƙirar faɗuwar rana ta chestnut a cikin kowane sute yana kasancewa a wasu lokuta akan carapace. <ref name="bloomer2004p1-2" /> Ciki na harsashi, plastron, kuma launin ruwan kasa ne mai duhu zuwa baƙar fata tare da alamun haske. Kunkuru mai hange da kunkuru mai fentin suna kama da kunkuru na bogin. <ref name="Bog Turtle">{{Cite web |title=Bog Turtle |url=https://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/species_info/nhfacts/glyptemys_muhlenbergii.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912125359/http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/species_info/nhfacts/glyptemys_muhlenbergii.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-12 |access-date=2009-09-20 |publisher=Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program}}</ref> Kunkurun bogin yana bambanta da kowane nau'in kunkuru ta hanyar tabo mai launi daban-daban a wuyansa. Babban bambanci tsakaninsa da kunkuru da aka hange shi ne kunkuru na bogin ba shi da launi a saman harsashi, sabanin nau'in na baya. <ref name="Shiels_2007_23">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Shiels|2007}}</ref> Kunkuruwan bogi maza da suka balaga suna da matsakaicin tsayin {{Convert|9.4|cm|in}} yayin da matsakaicin tsayin mace ya kai {{Convert|8.9|cm|in}} (madaidaicin ma'aunin carapace). <ref name="bloomer2004p2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bloomer|2004}}</ref> Maza suna da matsakaicin matsakaicin girman jiki fiye da mata, <ref name="Lovich98">{{Cite journal |last=Lovich |first=J. E. |last2=Ernst |first2=C. H. |last3=Zappaloriti |first3=R. T. |last4=Herman |first4=D. W. |year=1998 |title=Geographic variation in growth and sexual size dimorphism of bog turtles (''Clemmys muhlenbergii'') |url=http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/products/pdfs/bog_turtle_ssd.pdf |journal=American Midland Naturalist |volume=139 |issue=1 |pages=69–78 |doi=10.1674/0003-0031(1998)139[0069:GVIGAS]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0003-0031 |s2cid=86136335 |access-date=2025-08-10 |archive-date=2016-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223110159/http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/products/pdfs/bog_turtle_ssd.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> mai yiwuwa saboda zaɓin jima'i don manyan mazaje a cikin nasara da yin aikin jima'i. <ref name="ernst264">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> Mace tana da harsashi mafi fadi kuma mafi girma fiye da na namiji, amma kan namiji yana da murabba'i kuma ya fi na mace masu shekaru daya girma. Filin filastar na namiji ya yi kama da ɗan murƙushe yayin da na mace ya yi lebur. Wutsiyar namiji ta fi ta mace tsayi da kauri. <ref name="NJspecies">{{Cite web |title=Bog Turtle, ''Clemmys muhlenbergii'' |url=http://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/ensp/pdf/end-thrtened/bogtrtl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215031238/http://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/ensp/pdf/end-thrtened/bogtrtl.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2004 |access-date=2009-09-20 |publisher=New Jersey Endangered and Nongame Species Program}}</ref> Cloaca yana kara zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya na kunkuru na maza, yayin da cloaca na mace ya kasance a cikin plastron. <ref name="SmithP1">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Smith|2006}}</ref> Yara suna da wahalar jima'i sosai. <ref name="Walton 2006 32">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Walton|2006}}</ref> == Rarraba da wurin zama == Kunkurun bogin asalinsa ne kawai a gabashin Amurka, {{Refn|Bog turtle populations have been found in the states of Vermont, New York, Ohio, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee and Pennsylvania.<ref name="Shiels_2007_24">{{Harvnb|Shiels|2007|p=24}}</ref><ref name="bloomer2004p3">{{Harvnb|Bloomer|2004|p=3}}</ref>}} yana taruwa a cikin yankuna waɗanda galibi ke ƙunshi ƙasa da 20.&nbsp;daidaikun mutane. <ref name="Walton 2006 23">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Walton|2006}}</ref> Sun fi son wuraren dausayi (yankunan da ke ɗauke da lemun tsami ), gami da ciyayi, ciyayi, marshes, da magudanar ruwa, waɗanda ke da yankuna masu bushewa da bushewa. <ref name="NJspecies"/> <ref name="carter-haas-mitchell">{{Cite journal |last=Carter |first=Shawn L. |last2=Haas |first2=Carola A. |last3=Mitchell |first3=Joseph C. |year=1999 |title=Home range and habitat selection of bog turtles in southwestern Virginia |journal=Journal of Wildlife Management |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=853–860 |doi=10.2307/3802798 |jstor=3802798}}</ref> Mazauni nasu sau da yawa yana kan gefen dazuzzuka. <ref name="SmithP3">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Smith|2006}}</ref> Wani lokaci ana ganin kunkuru a wuraren kiwo na shanu da kuma kusa da madatsun ruwa na beaver. Wurin da aka fi so na kunkuru, wani lokaci ana kiransa fen, ɗan acidic ne tare da babban tebur na ruwa a duk shekara. <ref name="Wetlands 2012">{{Cite journal |last=Feaga |first=Jeffrey B. |last2=Haas |first2=Carola A. |last3=Burger |first3=James A. |date=2012 |title=Water Table Depth, Surface Saturation, and Drought Response in Bog Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) Wetlands |journal=Wetlands |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=1011–1021 |bibcode=2012Wetl...32.1011F |doi=10.1007/s13157-012-0330-8 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Jikewa akai-akai yana haifar da raguwar iskar oxygen, daga baya ya haifar da yanayin anaerobic . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Walton|2006}}</ref> Kunkuru na bogin yana amfani da laka mai laushi, mai zurfi don tsari daga mafarauta da yanayi. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan bazara da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na ƙasa suna ba da mafi kyawun wurare don yin bacci a lokacin hunturu. Girman kewayon gida ya dogara da jima'i, matsakaicin kimanin {{Convert|0.17|to|1.33|ha|acre}} na maza da {{Convert|0.065|to|1.26|ha|acre}} na mata. <ref name="carter-haas-mitchell"/> Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa yawa na iya bambanta daga 5 zuwa 125 mutane a kowace {{Convert|0.81|ha|acre}} . <ref name="SmithP4">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Smith|2006}}</ref> Kewayon kunkuru bogin ya mamaye na danginsa, kunkuru itace. <ref name="ernst264">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> Rushes, tussock sedge, cattails, jewelweed, sphagnum, da kuma iri-iri na gaskiya ciyawa suna samuwa a cikin mazaunin kunkuru na bog, da kuma wasu bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi irin su willows, ja maples, da alders . Yana da mahimmanci ga mazauninsu don samun buɗaɗɗen alfarwa, saboda kunkuru na bogin suna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa don yin baking a cikin hasken rana. Buɗaɗɗen alfarwa yana ba da isasshen hasken rana don isa ƙasa ta yadda kunkuru na bogin za su iya sarrafa tsarin rayuwa ta hanyar thermoregulation . Shigowar ƙwai kuma yana buƙatar matakan hasken rana da zafi waɗanda wuraren inuwa yawanci ba su da yawa. Mafi kyawun mazaunin kunkuru na bogin shine farkon jere . Wuraren da suka biyo baya sun ƙunshi dogayen bishiyu waɗanda ke toshe hasken rana da ake buƙata. Zaizayar kasa da zubar da kayan abinci mai gina jiki a cikin wuraren dausayi na kara saurin ci gaba. Canje-canjen da mutane ke haifarwa sun fara kawar da kunkuru daga wuraren da suka saba rayuwa. === Al'ummar Arewa da kudanci === [[Fayil:Southern_Appalachian_bog_May_2010.jpg|thumb|Wurin zama na kunkuru a kudancin Appalachians na yammacin North Carolina, yayin neman kunkuru daga kungiyoyin kiyayewa.]] An raba yawan kunkurun bogin arewa da na kudu da {{Convert|400|km|mi}} rata a kan yawancin [[Virginia]], wanda ba shi da wuraren zama na kunkuru. <ref name="SmithP1">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Smith|2006}}</ref> <ref name="keystone">{{Cite web |title=Bog Turtles |url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/wrcp/keynotes/bogfact.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912001825/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/wrcp/keynotes/bogfact.htm |archive-date=September 12, 2009 |access-date=2009-09-20 |website=Keystone Wile Notes |publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources}}</ref> A cikin dukkan bangarorin biyu, yankunan kunkuru na bogin sun saba mamaye jeri da yawa. <ref name="Walton 2006 23">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Walton|2006}}</ref> Mutanen Arewa su ne suka fi girma cikin biyun. Wadannan mutane sun yi zamansu a jihohi har zuwa arewa kamar Connecticut da Massachusetts, da kuma kudu har zuwa Maryland. Waɗannan kunkuru an san suna da ƙasa da wuraren zama 200, adadin da ke raguwa. <ref name="SmithP2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Smith|2006}}</ref> == Ecology da hali == [[Fayil:Glyptemys_muhlenbergii_in_grass.jpg|alt=A bog turtle standing on all fours walking through a thick patch of grass, viewed from abaove.|thumb|Tafiya cikin ciyawa mai kauri na nuna girman girman kunkuru.]] === Hali === Kunkuru na bogin yana da farko na rana, yana aiki da rana kuma yana barci da dare. Takan tashi da sassafe, ta yi zafi sosai, sannan ta fara neman abinci. <ref name="ernst265">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> Wani nau'i ne na keɓancewa, yana mai da shi ƙalubale don kiyaye shi a cikin mazauninsa na halitta. <ref name="SmithP1">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Smith|2006}}</ref> A cikin kwanaki masu sanyi, kunkuru na bogin zai shafe yawancin lokacinsa a cikin buroshi mai yawa, karkashin ruwa, ko binne a cikin laka. Irin wannan hali yana nuna ikon kunkuru na bogin na rayuwa ba tare da iskar oxygen ba. <ref name="ernst267">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> A cikin kwanaki masu zafi, ayyukan kunkuru na bogin sun haɗa da zazzagewa, jima'i (a lokacin farkon bazara), da kuma ba da haske a cikin hasken rana, wanda na ƙarshe yana ciyarwa mai yawa na yini. Duk da haka, kunkuru na bogin yakan fake daga rana a lokacin mafi zafi na yini. <ref name="ernst265" /> Lokaci-lokaci, a lokacin matsanancin zafi, kunkuru zai yi ƙididdigewa, <ref name="ernst266">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> ko kuma ya zama ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wani lokacin yana mamaye hanyoyin sadarwa na ramukan da ke cike da ruwa. <ref name="ernst266" /> Da dare, kunkuru na bogin yana binne kansa a cikin ramuka masu laushi. <ref name="bloomer2004p5">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bloomer|2004}}</ref> == Kiyayewa == [[Fayil:Bog_turtle_with_affixed_radio_transmitter_2.jpg|alt=A bog turtle held in the hand of a man releasing it. Close up of the turtle's head as he or she looks to the left|thumb|An saki kunkurun bogin da aka kama a cikin daji, tare da rataye mai watsa rediyo]] An kare shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Jihohin Ƙasar Tarayya na Amurka, <ref name="Shiels_2007_232">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Shiels|2007}}</ref> an yi la'akari [[Threatened|da]] turtle na bogin a Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York da Pennsylvania har zuwa Nuwamba 4, 1997. Saboda "kwatankwacin bayyanar" ga jama'ar arewa, an kuma yi barazanar kunkuru bogin a Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee da Virginiaside da Virginia. Baya ga lissafin barazanar da gwamnatin tarayya ke yi, jihohin da ke yankin kudu sun lissafa kunkuru na bogin kamar yadda ake yi wa barazana ko barazana. <ref name="'Carter, 2005'2">{{Cite journal |last=Carter |first=Shawn |last2=Horne |first2=Brian |last3=Herman |first3=Dennis |date=2005-09-03 |title=Bacterial pneumonia in free-ranging bog turtle, ''Glyptemys muhlenbergii'', from North Carolina and Virginia |url=http://www.fw.vt.edu/fisheries/HAAS/haas_pdf/Bog%20turtle%202005%20J%20NC%20Acad%20S.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science |volume=121 |issue=4 |pages=170–173 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206141110/http://www.fw.vt.edu/fisheries/HAAS/haas_pdf/Bog%20turtle%202005%20J%20NC%20Acad%20S.pdf |archive-date=2010-12-06 |access-date=2010-04-28}}</ref> Canje-canje ga mazaunin kunkuru na bogin ya haifar da bacewar 80&nbsp;kashi 30 na yankunan da suka wanzu&nbsp;shekaru da suka gabata. <ref name="bloomer2004p1-22">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bloomer|2004}}</ref> Saboda ƙarancin kunkuru, shi ma yana cikin haɗarin tara ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, sau da yawa ga [[Cinikin namun daji|cinikin dabbobi]] a duniya. <ref name="Copeyon2">{{Cite web |last=Copeyon |first=Carole |title=Bog turtles in North Carolina |url=http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/reptile/bogtur.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723012012/http://www.fws.gov/nc-es/reptile/bogtur.html |archive-date=2010-07-23 |access-date=2009-09-19 |website=Pennsylvania Field Office |publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service}}</ref> Duk da ka'idojin da suka hana tattara su, ko [[Barter|sayar da su]], ko fitar da su, mafarauta suna ɗaukar kunkuru [[Poachers|na bogi]] . Har ila yau, zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta haifar da raguwa. <ref name="ernst2712">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|Hukumar Kifi da namun daji ta Amurka]] tana da wani shiri don dawo da al'ummar arewa. <ref name="FWS_20012">{{Cite web |title=Bog Turtle (''Clemmys muhlenbergii'') Northern Population Recovery Plan |url=http://www.fws.gov/northeast/nyfo/es/bogturtle.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715075242/https://www.fws.gov/northeast/nyfo/es/bogturtle.pdf |archive-date=2017-07-15 |access-date=2010-08-20 |publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service}}</ref> An jera kunkuru na bogin a matsayin ''mai hatsarin gaske'' a cikin 2011 IUCN Red List. Mamayewar tsiron da ba na asali ba a mazauninsa babbar barazana ce ga rayuwar kunkuru na bogin. Ko da yake tsire-tsire da yawa suna rushe yanayin yanayinta, masu laifi uku na farko sune loosestrife purple, Reed Canary grass, da Reeds, waɗanda suke girma da tsayi kuma an yi imanin su hana motsi na kunkuru. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire kuma suna yin gasa ga nau'ikan 'yan asalin da ke cikin wurin zama na kunkuru, don haka rage yawan abinci da kariya ga kunkuru. <ref name="Shiels_2007_25">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Shiels|2007}}</ref> A yau, sake dawo da yankunan kunkuru na bogin ya dogara ne da shiga tsakani na sirri. <ref name="PittmanP1">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Pittman|Dorcas|2009}}</ref> Sa ido kan yawan jama'a ya haɗa da bincike mai zurfi na ƙasa a kan manyan yankunan karkara. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Walton|2006}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari ga binciken ƙasa a gani, an yi amfani da hankali mai nisa don rarraba yanki mai dausayi a matsayin ko dai ya dace ko bai dace da yankin kunkuru na bogi. Wannan yana ba da damar yin kwatance tsakanin wuraren da aka sani na nasarar kunkuru na bogin da yuwuwar wuraren zama na gaba. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Walton|2006}}</ref> [[Fayil:SwiddenFire6.jpg|alt=A controlled burn progressing as flames engulf a small area of vegetation|thumb|Ƙunar da aka sarrafa ta ci gaba]] Don taimakawa yankunan da ake da su su sake dawowa, an kaddamar da ayyuka masu zaman kansu da dama a wani yunƙuri na iyakance mamaye bishiyoyi da bushes, gina sababbin tituna da unguwanni, da sauran barazanar halitta da na mutum. <ref name="bloomer2004p1-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bloomer|2004}}</ref> Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don sake haifar da wurin kunkuru na bogin sun haɗa da: sarrafa konewa <ref name="Shiels_2007_25">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Shiels|2007}}</ref> don iyakance girman girman bishiyoyi da bushewa (don haka mayar da wurin zama na farko); <ref name="ernst270-271">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ernst|Lovich|2009}}</ref> dabbobin kiwo kamar shanu da awaki a wurin da ake so (ƙirƙirar aljihuna na ruwa da laka da aka yanka); <ref name="Shiels_2007_25" /> <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Walton|2006}}</ref> da inganta ayyukan beaver, gami da gina madatsar ruwa a ciki da wajen wuraren dausayi. <ref name="Shiels_2007_25" /> Kiwo kama wata hanya ce ta daidaita lambobin kunkuru na bogin. Dabarar ta ƙunshi kunkuru na bogi a cikin gida a cikin wuraren da ake sarrafawa, inda ake samar da abinci mai gina jiki da ma'aurata. Fred Wustholz da Richard J. Holub su ne suka fara yin hakan da kansu, a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. Sun kasance suna sha'awar ilmantar da wasu game da kunkuru na bogin da kuma kara yawan jama'a, kuma a cikin shekaru da yawa sun saki kunkuruwan bogin da yawa a cikin daji. <ref name="bloomer2004p1-2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bloomer|2004}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, irin su Ƙungiyar Zoos da Aquariums, an ba su izinin haifar da kunkuru a cikin bauta. <ref name="Tryon_2009">{{Cite web |last=Tryon |first=Bern W. |date=May 2009 |title=Defining success with bog turtle conservation in Tennessee |url=http://aza.org/Membership/detail.aspx?id=606 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615110354/http://aza.org/Membership/detail.aspx?id=606 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |access-date=2010-01-14 |website=CONNECT |publisher=Association of Zoos and Aquariums}}</ref> Nazarin kunkuru na bogi a cikin daji babban taimako ne ga haɓaka dabarun kiyayewa. An yi amfani da telemetry na rediyo don bin diddigin motsin kunkuru a cikin mazauninsu. <ref name="Tryon_2009"/> Samfurin jini, samfuran fecal, da swabs na cloacal suma ana yawan tattara su daga yawan daji kuma ana gwada su don alamun cututtuka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brenner |first=Deena |last2=Lewbart |first2=G |last3=Stebbins |first3=M |last4=Herman |first4=DW |date=2002-01-17 |title=Health survey of wild and captive bog turtles |url=http://www.emc.ncsu.edu/faculty/people/lewbart_greg/doc/bogturtle_health_brenner.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=311–316 |doi=10.1638/1042-7260(2002)033[0311:HSOWAC]2.0.CO;2 |pmid=12564526 |s2cid=30931168 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615225247/http://www.emc.ncsu.edu/faculty/people/lewbart_greg/doc/bogturtle_health_brenner.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-15 |access-date=2010-01-14}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 90mee4qnvwubpnvxqs0nwja7zvifqj1 0 113397 890241 697806 2026-08-01T18:00:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ci gaba da ka'idojin tafiya''' wani ƙuntatawa ne da gwamnatin Kanada ta sanya wanda (a zahiri) ya hana waɗanda, "a ra'ayin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida", ba "sun zo daga ƙasar haihuwarsu ko 'yan ƙasa ta hanyar ci gaba da tafiya ba ko kuma ta hanyar tikitin da aka saya kafin su bar ƙasar haihuwarsu ko ƙasarsu" daga karbar su a matsayin baƙi zuwa Kanada. Koyaya, a zahiri, ƙa'idar ta shafi ƙaura daga Indiya kawai. An ba da shi ta hanyar [[Oda a Majalisa|oda-in-majalisa]] a kan 8 Janairu 1908, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Library Archives |date=8 January 1908 |title=Immigrants debarred from landing in Canada who do not come from country of citizenship in through tickets by continuous journey - Min. Int. [Minister of the Interior], 1908/01/03 |url=https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/politics-government/orders-council/Pages/image.aspx?Image=e010705863-v8&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fdata2.collectionscanada.ca%2fe%2fe429%2fe010705863-v8.jpg&Ecopy=e010705863-v8 |access-date=17 March 2022 |website=Library and Archives Canada}}</ref> ƙa'idar ita ce ƙoƙari na farko da Gwamnatin Kanada ta yi don ƙuntata ƙaura. A aikace, tsarin ya shafi jiragen ruwa da suka fara tafiya a Indiya kawai, kamar yadda nisa mai girma yakan buƙaci tsayawa a [[Japan]] ko [[Hawaii]] . Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun zo ne a lokacin da Kanada ke karɓar ɗimbin baƙi (fiye da 400,000 a cikin 1913 kaɗai), kusan dukansu sun fito daga [[Turai]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Erica |title=Settling the West: Immigration to the Prairies from 1867 to 1914 |url=https://pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/settling-west-immigration-to-prairies |access-date=9 April 2022 |website=Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Fage === A cikin shekaru ashirin na farko na karni na 20, wasu larduna a Kanada sun kafa dokoki da ke iyakance [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'yancin ɗan adam]] na Indiyawa, ciki har da 'yancin yin zabe, riƙe ofishin jama'a, {{Efn|As per Section 14 of Municipal Clauses Act, 1906 (S.B.C. 1906, c. 32), candidates applying for the position of Mayor or Aldermen should be a British subject, older than 21 years, and should be a registered land-owner.<ref>{{cite act |type=Act |index=32 |date=12 March 1906 |article= |article-type= |legislature=Legislative Assembly of the Province of British Columbia |title=Municipal Clauses Act, 1906 |page=150 |url=https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/hstats/hstats/1160163090 |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>}} yi aiki a kan juri, {{Efn|As per Jurors' Act 1883, only legally registered voters are qualified to become jurors.<ref>{{Cite act|type=Act|index=|date=12 May 1883|legislature=Legislative Assembly of the Province of British Columbia|title=An Act respecting Jurors and Juries|pages=48-49|url=https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/hstats/hstats/848232670|quote="Unless exempted, every person who is registered as a voter under the provisions of the laws of the Province for the time being regulating the Qualification and Registration of Voters at elections for members of the Legislative Assembly, and who is in the possession of his natural faculties and not infirm or decrepit, shall be qualified and liable to serve as a Juror"}}</ref> At the time, Qualifications and Registrations of Voters Provisions Act, 1875 was in force, which barred Chinese and Indians from voting in Provincial Elections.<ref>{{Cite act|type=Act|index=|date=22 April 1875|legislature=Legislative Assembly of the Province of British Columbia|title=An Act relating to an Act to make better provision for the Qualification and Registration of Voters|pages=13|url=https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/hstats/hstats/2049141411|quote="No Chinaman or Indian shall have his name placed on the register of Voters for any Electoral District, or be entitled to vote at any election of a Member to serve in the Legislative Assembly of this Province."}}</ref>}} samun lasisin giya, ko yin aiki a matsayin masu harhada magunguna, lauyoyi, da masu lissafi. Duk da haka, saboda Indiya, kamar Kanada, ta kasance wani ɓangare na [[Daular Biritaniya]], hukumomin Kanada ba su zartar da dokokin keɓancewa ba a fili wanda ke nufin waɗanda asalin Indiyawa ne. Hukumomin daular Landan sun lura da fushin Indiyawa lokacin da Ostiraliya ta kafa dokar hana shige da fice da aka ƙera a fakaice don taƙaita ƙaura da ba na Turai ba a 1901, dangane da irin wannan doka a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . {{Efn|A}} [[New Zealand]] ta zartar da irin wannan dokar takurawa a cikin 1899. Lokacin da Kanada ta fara yin tanadi don toshe ƙaura daga Indiya, London ta gargaɗe ta da ta yi taka tsantsan game da tsarinta da kuma sanin cewa ayyukanta na iya haifar da zazzafar kishin ƙasa a Indiya. Da wannan a zuciyarsa, hukumomin shige da fice na Kanada sun yanke shawarar dakatar da shige da ficen Indiya zuwa ƙasar ''a kaikaice'' . === Tsarin tafiya mai ci gaba === [[Fayil:I-33324-001.jpg|thumb|Ƙa'idar Asalin Dokar Tafiya ta Ci gaba <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gagnon |first=Erica |last2=Raska |first2=Jan |last3=Van Dyk |first3=Lindsay |last4=MacDonald |first4=Monica |last5=Obradovic |first5=Siniša |last6=Schwinghamer |first6=Steve |last7=University |first7=Western |date=10 April 1908 |title=Continuous Journey Regulation, 1908 |url=https://pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/continuous-journey-regulation-1908 |access-date=17 March 2022 |website=Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21}}</ref>]] Yunkurin farko da gwamnati ta yi na hana shige da fice daga Indiya shi ne bayar da oda a majalisar wakilai a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1908 wanda ya haramta shige da fice na mutanen da "a ra'ayin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida" ba "sun fito daga kasar haihuwarsu ko 'yan kasa ba ta hanyar ci gaba da tafiya ko kuma ta tikitin da aka saya kafin su bar ƙasar haihuwarsu ko ƙasarsu." <ref name=":1"/> A aikace, wannan ya shafi kawai jiragen ruwa da suka fara tafiya a Indiya, kamar yadda babban nisa yakan buƙaci tsayawa a Japan ko Hawaii. Wannan wariya ce ga Indiyawan da ba za su iya tafiya kai tsaye zuwa Kanada ba. Ba da daɗewa ba aka ƙalubalanci sabon tsarin tare da zuwan SS ''Monteagle'' a British Columbia a ƙarshen Fabrairu 1908. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 1908 |title=D'Arcy Scott - Ottawa - Arrival of Hindoos at Vancouver on C.P.R. stmr. [Canadian Pacific Railways steamer] MONTEAGLE |url=https://recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/home/record?app=fonandcol&IdNumber=1382003&new=-8585519062063780726 |access-date=11 April 2022 |website=Library and Archives Canada |type=Textual material }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jirgin ya ɗauki fasinjoji fiye da 200, 105 daga cikinsu sun shiga Calcutta. An ba da umarnin a kori da dama daga cikin fasinjojin jirgin saboda ba su bi sabuwar dokar ba. An kalubalanci umarnin a kotu. Mai shari'a Clement na Kotun Koli na BC ya soke umarnin korar da aka yi a ranar 24 ga Maris 1908, bayan da ya gano cewa dokar ba ta da inganci, kamar yadda Dokar Shige da Fice ba ta ba da izinin yanke shawara ga Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida ba, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin tsarin. === Hukuncin kotu ci gaba da ƙa'idar tafiya kamar mara inganci === Ci gaba da ka'idar tafiya ta zo ƙarƙashin bitar shari'a a cikin 1911, a cikin ƙarar da ke gaban Kotun Koli ta BC da ta shafi Hussain Rahim, sanannen ɗan juyin juya hali daga Bengal, Indiya. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1911, Mai shari'a Morrison ya ba da takardar [[habeas corpus]] don soke umarnin korar da aka yi wa Rahim. A cikin bayar da odar, alkali ya yi sharhi cewa 1910 ci gaba da ka'idojin tafiya ba daidai ba ne, saboda kalmominsa (wanda aka kwafi daga tsarin 1908) bai dace da tanadin sakin layi na 38 (a) na ''Dokar Shige da Fice'' ta 1910 ba. <ref>{{Cite court|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/bcreports/1.0357281#p494z-5r0f:}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite court|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/bcreports/1.0357281#p496z-5r0f:}}</ref> === Ma'auni na doka === Kamar yadda shari'a ta iyakance ga hukuncin da Justice Hunter ya yanke, gwamnati ta amsa da sauri, ta hanyar ba da sabuwar tafiya mai ci gaba da kuma ka'idojin buƙatun tsabar kuɗi $ 200 a ranar 7 ga Janairu 1914, ta hanyar umarni-in-majalisa PC 23 da PC 24. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Library Archives |date=7 January 1914 |title=Prohibition Immigrants other than by continuous journey from native country - Min. Int. [Minister of the Interior] 1914/01/05 |url=https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/politics-government/orders-council/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=310023 |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=Library and Archives Canada |publisher=Privy Council Office, Government of Canada}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Library Archives |date=7 January 1914 |title=Immigrants of Asiatic races must have at lease $200 upon landing in Canada - Min. Int. [Minister of the Interior] 1914/01/05 |url=https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/politics-government/orders-council/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=310024 |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=Library and Archives Canada |publisher=Privy Council Office, Government of Canada}}</ref> Sabbin ƙa'idodin sun dace da tanadin izini a cikin dokar Hunter ta 1910, daidai da hukuncin shari'a. Sabbin ƙa'idodin sun bayyana ba su da kariya daga kowane ƙalubale na doka. An soke PC 24 akan 25 Yuli 1921, tare da amincewar oda-in-majalisar PC 2668, yayin da aka soke PC 23 da yawa daga baya akan 26 Nuwamba 1947. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Library Archives |date=25 July 1921 |title=I. and C. [Immigration and Colonization] - Regulation re money qualifications for immigrants landing in Canada - Min. I. and C. [Minister of Immigration and Colonization] 1921-07-23 |url=https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/politics-government/orders-council/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=397877 |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=Library and Archives Canada |publisher=Privy Council Office, Government of Canada}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> h76wb54xwir7kjut30rtyi7q37mmr2f 0 115756 890373 881670 2026-08-02T01:17:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Web literacy''' yana nufin ƙwarewa da basirar da ake buƙata wajen karantawa, rubutu, da shiga hulɗa a yanar gizo.<ref name="weblitmap">{{Cite web |title=Web Literacy Map (1.1.0) |url=https://webmaker.org/literacy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418112528/https://webmaker.org/literacy |archive-date=18 April 2014 |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=Mozilla Webmaker}}</ref> An bayyana shi a matsayin "duka abun ciki da aiki" ma'ana cewa masu amfani da yanar gizo bai kamata kawai su koyi game da yanar gizo ba har ma da yadda za su yi nasu gidan yanar gizon.<ref name="fastco2">Davidson, C.N. & Surman, M. [http://www.fastcoexist.com/1680264/why-web-literacy-should-be-part-of-every-education "Why Web Literacy Should Be Part of Every Education"], Fast Company. Retrieved 2 February 2015.</ref> == Tarihin ra'ayin == A ƙarshen shekarun 1990s, masu binciken karatu da rubutu sun fara bincika bambance-bambance tsakanin rubutu da aka buga da na'urorin da ke da damar cibiyar sadarwa tare da allo. Wannan binciken ya fi mayar da hankali kan fannoni biyu: amincin bayanan da za'a iya samu a Yanayi Gizo ta Duniya da bambancin da hypertext ke yi wa karatu da rubutu. Wadannan ƙwarewar an haɗa su a cikin ma'anar ilimin bayanai kuma an haɗa su cikin takardar matsayi na SCONUL a cikin 1999. Wannan takarda ta zama '7 Pillars of Information Literacy', wanda aka sabunta shi na ƙarshe a cikin 2011.<ref name="Detweiler2">Detweiler, M. C., Hess, S. M., & Peck, A. C. (1996, October). Acquiring User-Centered Design Skills by Designing and Evaluating World Wide Web Pages. In ''Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting'' (Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 459-462). SAGE Publications</ref><ref name="Snyder2">Snyder, I., & Joyce, M. (Eds.). (1998). ''Page to screen: Taking literacy into the electronic era.'' Psychology Press.</ref><ref name="SCONULpaper2">SCONUL Advisory Committee on Information Literacy (1999) Information skills in higher education: a SCONUL position paper. Prepared by the Information Skills Task Force, on behalf of SCONUL.</ref><ref name="SCONULpillars2">SCONUL. (2011). [http://www.sconul.ac.uk/tags/7-pillars 7 Pillars of Information Literacy Core Model] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423221535/https://www.sconul.ac.uk/tags/7-pillars|date=2023-04-23}}. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref> == Taswirar Bayyanawa ta Yanar Gizo == [[Fayil:Web_Literacy_Map_v1.10.png|thumb|Taswirar Bayyanawa ta Yanar Gizo v1.0]] Gidauniyar Mozilla kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke da niyyar inganta budewa, kirkire-kirkire, da shiga [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]]. Ya kirkiro Taswirar Bayyanawa ta Yanar Gizo <ref name="weblitmap"/> a cikin shawarwari tare da al'umma na Masu ruwa da tsaki daga ilimi na al'ada da na al'umma, da kuma masana'antu. Aikin abin da ake kira da farko Web Literacy 'Standard' ya fara ne a farkon 2013. An ƙaddamar da sigar 1.0 a Bikin Mozilla daga baya a wannan shekarar. Ci gaba, an ga 'ma'auni' matsala kuma ya saba wa abin da al'ummar Mozilla ke ƙoƙarin cimma.<ref name="whitepaper2">Belshaw, D.A.J. & Smith, K.L. [https://mozilla.github.io/webmaker-whitepaper/ "Why Mozilla cares about Web Literacy"]. Retrieved 2 February 2015.</ref><ref name="weblitmap2">{{cite web |title=Web Literacy Map (1.1.0) |url=https://webmaker.org/literacy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418112528/https://webmaker.org/literacy |archive-date=18 April 2014 |access-date=3 January 2025 |website=Mozilla Webmaker}}</ref><ref name="boingboing2">[http://boingboing.net/2013/10/28/web-literacy-standard-1-0-from.html Web Literacy Standard 1.0 from Mozilla] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212121745/http://boingboing.net/2013/10/28/web-literacy-standard-1-0-from.html |date=2015-02-12 }}. BoingBoing. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref><ref name="weblitstandard2">[http://dougbelshaw.com/blog/2014/01/15/web-literacy-map/ The Web Literacy Standard is dead (long live the Web Literacy Map!)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212130408/http://dougbelshaw.com/blog/2014/01/15/web-literacy-map/ |date=2015-02-12 }}. Doug Belshaw's blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref> Literacy Version 1.1 na Taswirar Literacy na Yanar Gizo An ajiye shi 2017-02-07 a an sake shi a farkon 2014 kuma yana tallafawa sashin albarkatun Webmaker na Gidauniyar Mozilla, inda masu koyo da masu ba da shawara zasu iya samun ayyukan da ke taimakawa koyar da yankuna masu alaƙa. Kodayake [https://learning.mozilla.org/en-US/web-literacy Taswirar Bayyanawa ta Yanar Gizo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207184945/https://learning.mozilla.org/en-US/web-literacy |date=2017-02-07 }} jerin sassan ne, ƙwarewa, da ƙwarewa.<ref name="weblitmapdate3">[https://blog.webmaker.org/why-the-web-literacy-map-will-remain-at-v1-1-until-mozfest Why the Web Literacy Map will remain at v1.1 until MozFest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212125959/https://blog.webmaker.org/why-the-web-literacy-map-will-remain-at-v1-1-until-mozfest|date=2015-02-12}}. Mozilla Webmaker blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref> Al'ummar Mozilla sun kammala sigar 1.5 na Taswirar Bayyanawa ta Yanar Gizo a ƙarshen Maris 2015. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙananan canje-canje ga ƙwarewar ƙwarewa da cikakken bita game da ƙwarewar da suke ƙunshe.<ref name="weblitmapdate22">[https://blog.webmaker.org/weblitmap-v1-5 Building version 1.5 of Mozilla’s Web Literacy Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212125956/https://blog.webmaker.org/weblitmap-v1-5|date=2015-02-12}}. Mozilla Webmaker blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref><ref name="competencies2">[http://literaci.es/redefining-weblitmap-skills Help us redefine the skills underpinning three Web Literacy Map competencies!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125726/http://literaci.es/redefining-weblitmap-skills |date=2020-11-08 }}. Literaci.es. Retrieved 12 February 2015.</ref> === Bincike === '' (Yin amfani da yanar gizo) '' * Kewayawa '' (Yin amfani da kayan aikin software don bincika yanar gizo) '' * Web Mechanics (Gaskiya tsarin halittu na yanar gizo) '' (Misali game da yanayin yanar gizo) '' * Bincike '' (Sanya bayanai, mutane, da albarkatu ta hanyar yanar gizo) '' * Amincewa '' (Kyakkyawan kimanta bayanan da aka samu a yanar gizo) '' * Tsaro (Tsaro tsarin, ainihi, da abun ciki lafiya) '' (Tsare tsarin, ainihi, da abun ciki lafiya) '' === Gine-gine === '' (Halitta Yanar Gizo) '' * Rubuta don Yanar gizo '' (Halitta da kuma kula da abun ciki) '' * Remixing '' (Gwamya albarkatun yanar gizo na yanzu don ƙirƙirar sabon abu) '' * Design & Accessibility ('' (Halitta sadarwa mai tasiri a duniya ta hanyar albarkatun yanar gizo) '') * Coding / Writing (Creating interactive experiences on the web) '' (Halitta abubuwan da suka faru a yanar gizo) '' * Infrastructure (Gaskiya tarin Intanet) '' (Misali na Intanet) '' === Haɗi === '' (Yana shiga cikin yanar gizo) '' * Raba '' (Halitta albarkatun yanar gizo tare da wasu) '' * Haɗin gwiwa '' (Ba da damar yin amfani da albarkatun yanar gizo) '' * Kasancewa cikin al'umma '' (Samun shiga cikin al'ummomin yanar gizo da fahimtar ayyukansu) '' * Sirriyar sirri (Binciken sakamakon raba bayanai akan layi) '' (Binciken sakamakon raba bayanai a kan layi) '' * Open Practices (Helping don kiyaye yanar gizo na dimokuradiyya da kuma duniya) '' (Help don kiyaye yanar gizo na dimokuradiyya da kuma duniya) '' == Dubi kuma == * [[Cyber security|Tsaron kai na yanar gizo]] * Koyon karatu da rubutu na kwamfuta * [[Ilimi na dijital]] * Bayanan bayanai * Karatun kafofin watsa labarai == Manazarta == 66i155c5a155fpx9f81d41eop14emgq 0 115918 890387 867691 2026-08-02T03:03:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890387 wikitext text/x-wiki Yaduwar ƙwarewar juriya (SRP), wanda aka fi sani da yaduwar ƙididdigar juriya (sRA), wata dabara ce da aka yi amfani da ita don nazarin resistivity da zurfin a cikin semiconductors. Na'urorin semiconductor sun dogara da rarraba masu ɗaukar (electrons ko ramuka) a cikin tsarin su don samar da aikin da ake so. Za'a iya ƙaddamar da maida hankali ga mai ɗaukar hoto (wanda zai iya bambanta da umarni goma na girman) daga bayanin martaba na resistivity wanda SRP ya bayar. == Tarihi == Babban dangantakar yawanci ana danganta shi ga James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879). A cikin 1962, Robert Mazur (US Patent 3,628,137) da Dickey sun haɓaka tsarin bincike na 2 ta amfani da allurar osmium mai nauyi. A cikin 1970, an kafa Solid State Measurements don ƙera kayan aikin rarraba juriya kuma a cikin 1974, an kafa Solecon Labs don samar da sabis na rarraba juriyar. A cikin 1980, Dickey ya haɓaka hanya mai amfani don ƙayyade p- ko n-type ta amfani da kayan aikin juriya na yaduwa. Ci gaba da ingantawa amma an kalubalanci su ta hanyar raguwar girman na'urorin dijital na zamani. Ga ƙananan tsari (<1 um zurfi), rage bayanai yana da rikitarwa. Wasu daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa ga rage bayanai sune Dickey, Schumann da Gardner, Choo et al., Berkowitz da Lux, Evans da Donovan, Peissens et al., Hu, [6] Albers, [5] da Casel da Jorke. [5]&nbsp; == Ka'idar aiki == Idan an yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin matakai biyu na bincike da ke ba da hulɗa ta lantarki ga wani yanki mara iyaka, juriya da aka haɗu da ita a cikin slab ɗin ita ce <nowiki> </nowiki>R <nowiki> </nowiki>= <nowiki> </nowiki>ρ <nowiki> </nowiki>2 a <nowiki> </nowiki>{\displaystyle R{=}{\frac {\rho }{2a}}} <nowiki> </nowiki>, inda: * R {\displaystyle R} shine auna juriya a cikin ohms, * ρ {\displaystyle \rho } (rho) shine resistivity na slab a cikin ohm-cm, kuma * a {\displaystyle a} shine radius na yankin tuntuɓar a cikin cm. Yawancin juriya suna faruwa kusa da hulɗar lantarki <sup a="" href="./N-type_semiconductor" rel="mw:WikiLink">n-type="mw:Extension/ref">[./Spreading_resistance_profiling#cite_note-12 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> yana ba da damar ƙayyade resistivity na gida. Binciken yana samar da bincike mara mahimmanci ga juriyar silicon (kusan hulɗa ta ohmic) a kan dukkan kewayon resistivity don nau'in p da nau'in n (mai arziki a cikin ramuka da wadata a cikin electrons bi da bi). Tsayawa da juriya na waya da yaduwar juriya a cikin shawarwarin bincike zuwa mafi ƙaranci, auna juriya kusan kawai daga <nowiki> </nowiki>R <nowiki> </nowiki>= <nowiki> </nowiki>ρ <nowiki> </nowiki>2 a <nowiki> </nowiki>{\displaystyle R{=}{\frac {\rho }{2a}}} <nowiki> </nowiki>don samfurori na silicon aƙalla <nowiki> </nowiki>2 a <nowiki> </nowiki>{\displaystyle 2a} <nowiki> </nowiki>mai kauri. Tare da taimakon ka'idojin daidaitawa, <nowiki> </nowiki>ρ <nowiki> </nowiki>{\displaystyle \rho } <nowiki> </nowiki>ana iya tantance shi a kowane bincike ta hanyar binciken biyu. == Kayan aiki == Ana amfani da son zuciya na 5mV a duk hanyoyin binciken. Matsayin da aka auna na iya kasancewa daga 1-ohm zuwa ohms biliyan daya. Ana amfani da amplifier "log R" ko electrometer don auna juriya. == Injiniya == [[Fayil:Probes_on_bevel.jpg|right|thumb|500x500px|Hoto na 1 Hoton binciken wani yanki na silicon. (Yawanci, ana yin ma'auni 60 zuwa 100 ko fiye.) ]] SRP na zamani yana da shawarwari biyu na binciken tungsten carbide da aka sanya kusan 20 um. Kowane kusurwa an ɗora shi a kan wani nau'i na kinematic don rage "scrubbing" (inda binciken ke tsagewa tare da farfajiya). Ana saukar da gwaje-gwaje a hankali a kan wani yanki na silicon ko germanium. Kodayake loading na shawarwarin binciken na iya zama kadan kamar 2 g., matsin yana wuce fam miliyan ɗaya a kowace inci murabba'i (ko ~ 10G pascals) wanda ke haifar da canjin lokaci a cikin silicon zuwa "beta-tin" wanda ke samar da kusan hulɗa ta ohmic. Tsakanin kowane ma'auni, ana ɗaga gwaje-gwaje kuma an tsara su a nesa da aka ƙaddara a cikin bevel. Ana samar da Bevels ta hanyar saka samfurin a kan kusurwa kuma a niƙa bevel tare da yawanci 0.1- ko 0.05-micrometre lu'u-lu'u. Angles na Bevel, wanda aka zaba don dacewa da zurfin sha'awa, na iya kasancewa daga ~ 0.001 zuwa 0.2 radians. Dole ne a yi amfani da hankali don samar da madaidaiciya, mai laushi tare da mafi ƙarancin zagaye na gefen bevel. (Dubi Hoto na 1.) &nbsp; == Ƙayyadaddun ganowa == Tsarin kayan aiki yawanci daga ohm daya zuwa ohms biliyan daya. Wannan ya isa ga dukan kewayon resistivity a cikin silicon guda ɗaya. == Daidaitawa == NIST ce ta samar da ka'idojin daidaitawa. An samar da saiti na ka'idoji 16 daga kimanin 0.0006 ohm-cm zuwa 200 ohm- cm don duka n- da p-type da kuma duka (100) da (111) tsarin lu'ulu'u. Don babban resistivity (sama da 200 ohm-cm kuma watakila sama da 40,000 ohm- cm) darajar resistividad dole ne a kara shi daga Tsarin daidaitawa. == Aikace-aikacen == Ana amfani da kayan aikin da farko don ƙayyade tsarin doping a cikin silicon semiconductors. Ana nuna bayanan martaba masu zurfi da marasa zurfi a Hoto 2. [[Fayil:Deep_and_Shallow_SR_profiles_portrait.jpg|center|thumb|900x900px|Hoto na 2 Bayanan maras zurfi a hagu, bayanan zurfi a dama. Ana mai ɗaukar hoto ne game da zurfin. Yankunan da ke da maida hankali ga electron ana nuna su a matsayin "n" (ko n-type). Yankunan da ke da maida hankali a cikin rami ana nuna su a matsayin "p".]] == Sauran matakai == '''Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)''' hanya ce mai matuƙar amfani wajen duba yadda '''dopant''' (sinadaran da ake ƙara don canza halayen lantarki na semiconductor) suka yadu a cikin kayan lantarki. '''SIMS''' na iya nuna adadin kwayoyin sinadari (atomic concentration) cikin fadin matakai uku zuwa hudu na bambancin yawa ('''dynamic range'''). '''Spreading Resistance Profiling (SRP)''' kuma na iya auna '''carrier concentration''' (wato adadin dopants ɗin da ke da aiki a lantarki) har zuwa matakai takwas ko tara na bambancin yawa. Yawanci, waɗannan hanyoyin suna cike juna – wato suna taimaka wa juna – ko da yake a wasu lokuta suna yin gasa da juna. '''Na'urar SIMS''' tana da tsada sosai wajen ƙera da aiki da ita. '''SRP''' kuwa, yana aiki ne kawai da '''silicon''', '''germanium''', da wasu ƙalilan daga cikin semiconductors. Amma '''SIMS''' na iya auna yaduwar sinadarai a kusan kowane abu, ko a cikin kowane abu. '''SIMS''' na da ƙwarewar auna wurare ƙanana sosai – mai amfani musamman wajen duba yankunan da ke da zurfi ƙanƙani (ƙasa da 0.1 micrometer). Amma '''SRP''' yafi sauƙi da dacewa idan ana son auna wurare masu zurfi sosai. ----Idan kana so, zan iya fassara ma'anar kalmomi na kimiyya ɗaya bayan ɗaya ko kuma in yi taƙaitaccen bayani. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == <nowiki>:</nowiki>'''G. Mazur da D. H. Dickey,''' ''Wani Hanyar Spreading Resistance don Auna Juriya a kan Silicon'', J. Electrochem. === Bayani: === * '''Spreading Resistance Technique''': wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita wajen auna '''juriya (resistivity)''' a cikin '''silicon''', wanda kayan lantarki ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin semiconductors. * '''J. Electrochem.''' yana nufin '''Journal of Electrochemical Society''' – wata mujalla da ke wallafa bincike kan sinadarai na lantarki. Idan kana so a ci gaba da fassara dukkanin sakon ko bayanin da ke cikin wannan takarda ko citation, sai ka bani cikakken rubutun. D. H. Dickey, ''Tarihi da Matsayi na Matsalar Rage Bayanai a cikin SRA'', Ayyuka na Taron Kasa da Kasa na Uku kan Kasuwanci da Fasahar Hanyar Hanyar Hadin Gizo, Ellwanger et al., Eds. , Gidan Buga na Masana'antar Lantarki M.W. Denhoff, An Equal Calculation of Spreading Resistance, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Volume 39, Number 9 == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.institut-fresenius.de/filestore/89/messungvondotierungspro_eng.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020132/http://www.institut-fresenius.de/filestore/89/messungvondotierungspro_eng.pdf |date=2016-03-05 }} Yaduwa_Resistance_Profiling] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020132/http://www.institut-fresenius.de/filestore/89/messungvondotierungspro_eng.pdf |date=2016-03-05 }} * [http://www.semilab.com/ Semilab] * [http://www.solecon.com Gidan gwaje-gwaje na Solecon] * [http://www.solecon.com/pdf/determination_of_diffusion_characteristics_using_2_and_4pp.pdf Koyarwa game da tsarin SRA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321033909/https://solecon.com/pdf/determination_of_diffusion_characteristics_using_2_and_4pp.pdf |date=2025-03-21 }} * [http://www.solecon.com/sra.htm Ƙarin bayanan fasaha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518012054/https://solecon.com/sra.htm |date=2025-05-18 }} * [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/39/9/009/meta;jsessionid=21A137FFC22F9D595A065CA183ED9FE8.c2.iopscience.cld.iop.org Cikakken Ƙididdigar Yaduwar Tsayayya] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ghpagmsnq0ehlhmn5i9irbcwmm9q0eb 0 116630 890327 728983 2026-08-01T21:28:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Victor Pickard''' masanin ilimin kafofin watsa labarai ne na Amurka. Farfesa ne a Makarantar Sadarwa ta Annenberg a Jami'ar Pennsylvania . Yana aiki a kan tsinkaye na Amurka da kuma fafutukar kafofin watsa labarai na duniya da siyasa; tarihi da tattalin arzikin siyasa na cibiyoyin kafofin watsa labarai; da kuma ka'idojin ka'idoji na Manufofin kafofin watsa labarai. ."{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} == Ayyukan ilimi da aikin manufofi == Kafin koyarwa a Penn, Pickard ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Media, Al'adu, da Sadarwa a [[New York University|Jami'ar New York]]. Ya kuma tsara kuma ya koyar da tsarin manufofin kafofin watsa labarai na Verklin a [[University of Virginia|Jami'ar Virginia]]. t. == Kyautar karatu == A shekara ta 2009, Pickard shine babban marubucin cikakken rahoto game da rikicin aikin jarida na Amurka, "Saving the News: Toward a National Journalism Strategy" (An buga shi ta Free Press). Rahoton ya rubuta tushen rikicin, yiwuwar wasu samfuran, da shawarwarin manufofi don aiwatar da sake fasalin tsari a cikin tsarin kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka. An bayyana rahoton a matsayin "mafi basira da cikakkiyar hanyar da aka gabatar game da rikicin a cikin aikin jarida" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearson |first=Sarah Hinchliff |title=How to Save Journalism |url=http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/node/6190 |access-date=6 August 2012 |archive-date=13 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113203540/http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/node/6190 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma an jera shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Matsalolin Media na 2009 game da Media". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bracken |first=John |title=2009′s Most Influential Media About Media |url=http://bracken.wordpress.com/2009/12/24/2009s-most-influential-media-about-media/ |access-date=6 August 2012}}</ref> ."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Will the Last Reporter Please Turn Out the Lights |url=http://thenewpress.com/index.php?option=com_title&task=view_title&metaproductid=1808 |access-date=6 August 2012 |archive-date=27 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827231227/http://thenewpress.com/index.php?option=com_title&task=view_title&metaproductid=1808 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2011 Pickard ya haɗa tare da Robert McChesney littafin Will the Last Reporter Don Allah Ka Kashe Haske: Rugujewar Aikin Jarida da Abin da Za a Iya Yi Don Gyara shi. Littafin ya ba da nazarin yanayin yanayin watsa labarai da ke canzawa tare da tsara taswirar muhawarar da ke gudana game da rashin tabbas na aikin jarida a nan gaba. Littattafai sun kira shi "Bold, meditative, engrossing, wannan jagora ne mai mahimmanci ga mabiyan kafofin watsa labaru na zamani." Wani bita da aka yi a mujallar Laburare ta bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ke nuna “matsalolin aikin jarida a matsayin wani muhimmin ginshiƙi na dimokuradiyya da kuma cibiyar da ke buƙatar ƙarfafawa ... duk wanda ya damu da yanayin aikin jarida ya kamata ya karanta wannan littafi. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta== lzo4zaptlqiclz472g6c3y84ykr313e 0 118408 890507 816141 2026-08-02T10:25:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Databox}} '''''Ƙofar''''' wani kwasfan fayiloli ne da shirin rediyo wanda ke magance labarin muhalli guda ɗaya a kowane kakar. Podcast ɗin yana bincika haɗuwa da muhalli, tarihi, al'adu, kimiyya, siyasa da adalci na zamantakewa, yana mai da hankali kan dangantakar ɗan adam da duniyar halitta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Threshold |url=https://www.npr.org/podcasts/512986859/threshold |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, Threshold ya fitar da cikakkun yanayi huɗu, da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen kwasfan fayiloli da ake kira Threshold Conversations . An fitar da kakar wasa ta biyar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2024. Babban furodusa kuma mai karɓar bakuncin Threshold, Amy Martin, tana da Scripps Fellowship na 2016 a Jaridar Muhalli a Jami'ar Colorado, Boulder . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2016 |title=Five journalists selected for 2016–17 Ted Scripps Fellowship |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cmci/2016/08/02/five-journalists-selected-2016-17-ted-scripps-fellowship |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=University of Colorado Boulder}}</ref> == Tsarin == Ƙofar jerin ne, wasan kwaikwayo na kakar wasa. Kowace kakar, Ƙofar tana magance batun muhalli guda ɗaya, tana bincika shi daga kusurwoyi da ra'ayoyi da yawa. Threshold Seasons ɗaya biyu da uku tare da abubuwan da aka saki a halin yanzu na tattaunawar Threshold suna nuna kiɗa na asali wanda Travis Yost ya kirkira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soundtracks for Podcasts: Behind the Score with Threshold |url=https://bozemanmagazine.com/events/2020/11/19/88100-soundtracks-for-podcasts-behind-the-score-with |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=Bozeman Magazine}}</ref> Todd Sickafoose ne ya kirkiro kiɗa don kakar wasa ta huɗu da ta biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Threshold poscast twitter post |url=https://twitter.com/ThrshldPodcast/status/1487523943074308099 |access-date=31 January 2022 |publisher=Threshold podcast}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka faru sun bambanta da tsawon daga minti 30 zuwa 60. Ana samun sassan abubuwan da aka tsara zuwa lokacin rediyo na jama'a don lasisi ta tashoshin rediyo a kan musayar rediyo na Jama'a, PRX . <ref>{{Cite web |title=PRX |url=https://www.prx.org/ |access-date=26 May 2021 |publisher=PRX}}</ref> == Lokaci == === Lokacin 1 === Lokaci na farko "Oh, Give Me a Home" yana bincika tarihin bison na Amurka, dabba mai shayarwa ta Amurka. Daruruwan shekaru da suka gabata, fiye da bison miliyan 50 sun yi yawo a ƙasashen Amurka kyauta. A shekara ta 1901, kawai bison daji 23 ne suka rage a cikin Yellowstone National Park. Rahotanni daga ko'ina cikin Montana da kuma yin hira da ranchers, 'yan kabilar, masana kimiyya, da sauransu da yawa, lokacin ya tambaya: Shin za mu iya rayuwa tare da bison daji, mai yawo kyauta kuma?<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEASON ONE: OH, GIVE ME A HOME |url=https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/season01 |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=Threshold Podcast}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Jodi |date=24 December 2018 |title=Podcasts that fill the gap |url=https://www.hcn.org/issues/50.22/media-podcasts-that-fill-the-gap |access-date=26 May 2021 |publisher=High Country News}}</ref> === Lokaci na 2 === Lokaci na biyu "Cold Comfort" yana mai da hankali kan yadda Arctic ke canzawa saboda canjin yanayi, da kuma dalilin da ya sa hakan ke da mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Season Two: Cold Comfort |url=https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/season02 |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=Threshold Podcast}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Bello Collective Editorial Team |date=7 December 2018 |title=100 Outstanding Podcasts of 2018 |url=https://bellocollective.com/100-best-podcasts-2018-3984b5e9e3a9 |access-date=26 May 2021 |publisher=The Bello Collective }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An mayar da hankali kan mutane miliyan huɗu da ke zaune a cikin Arctic, kuma suna fama da tasirin canjin yanayi na shekaru da yawa. === Lokaci na 3 === Lokaci na uku "Mafarin Gudun Hijira" ya mayar da hankali kan hako mai a cikin Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge . A cikin 2017, Majalisa ta buɗe wani ɓangare na mafaka don haɓaka mai da iskar gas. Amma al'ummomi da dama, ciki har da al'ummomin 'yan asalin, irin su Iñupiat da Gwich'in, a yankin, suna adawa da hakar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Season Three: The Refuge |url=https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/the-refuge |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=Threshold Podcast |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525154212/https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/the-refuge |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Lokaci na 4 === Lokaci na huɗu "Lokaci zuwa 1.5" yana mai da hankali kan burin yanayi na 1.5 ° C akan matakan masana'antu. Shin za mu iya hana dumama fiye da 1.5 °C shine tambaya. .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Season Four: Time to 1.5 |url=https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/season04 |access-date=31 January 2022 |publisher=Threshold Podcast}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; '''<big>Lokacin 5</big>''' Lokaci na biyar "Hark" yana mai da hankali kan sautunan duniyar halitta. Lokacin zai dauki masu sauraro daga tabkuna a arewacin Sweden zuwa reefs a Ostiraliya. Lokacin yana ƙarfafa masu sauraro su mai da hankali ga sautunan da ba na ɗan adam ba da kuma sadarwa da ke faruwa a kusa da mu. An saki fitowar farko ta kakar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Threshold Season 5: Hark |url=https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/season05 |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Threshold |language=en-US}}</ref> === Tattaunawar Ƙofar === Tattaunawar Ƙofar wani wasan kwaikwayo ne wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da shugabannin tunanin muhalli kan muhimman batutuwa da ke tasiri ga al'adu, al'ummomi, da yanayin halittu a Amurka da bayan haka. Wannan jerin suna da niyyar ƙirƙirar sarari don tunani, tattaunawar farar hula game da batutuwan muhalli na gaggawa da muke rayuwa da su a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Threshold Conversations |url=https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/threshold-conversations |access-date=28 May 2021 |publisher=Threshold Podcast}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karɓar == Threshold ya sami kyaututtuka masu daraja da yawa, gami da Kyautar Peabody <ref>{{Cite web |title=Last Year's Winners |url=https://peabodyawards.com/awards/winners/ |access-date=25 May 2021 |website=Peabody |publisher=University of Georgia: Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication}}</ref> da Kyautar Edward R. Murrow ta ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title='Threshold' Podcast Wins National Murrow Award |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/blog/threshold-podcast-wins-national-murrow-award |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=Pulitzer Center}}</ref> da kyaututtaka daga Society of Professional Journalists, Montana Broadcasters Association, ambaton daga Ƙungiyar Manema Labarai ta Ƙasashen Waje, da sauransu. Har ila yau, an haɗa ƙofar a cikin jerin sunayen da suka fi dacewa ta Outside Online, High Country News, Bello Collective, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wise |first=Abigail |date=21 December 2017 |title=The Best New Podcasts of 2017 |url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2269726/best-podcasts-2017 |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=Outside Online |publisher=Outside Integrated Media}}</ref> da The Philadelphia Inquirer.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Jodi |date=24 December 2018 |title=Podcasts that fill the gap |url=https://www.hcn.org/issues/50.22/media-podcasts-that-fill-the-gap |access-date=26 May 2021 |publisher=High Country News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Moffitt |first=Kelly |date=7 December 2018 |title=100 Outstanding Podcasts of 2018 |url=https://bellocollective.com/100-best-podcasts-2018-3984b5e9e3a9 |access-date=26 May 2021 |publisher=Bello Collective }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DeLuca |first=Dan |date=15 March 2018 |title=Podcast to listen to now: J.J. Redick, Joe Frank and Memory Palace |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/entertainment/music/best-podcasts-jj-reddick-memory-place-in-our-time-20180315.html |access-date=26 May 2021 |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref> The Peabody Jurors sun rubuta game da Threshold Season 3: "The Refuge wani misali ne na aikin jarida na muhalli. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=THRESHOLD: THE REFUGE |url=https://peabodyawards.com/award-profile/the-refuge/ |access-date=25 May 2021 |website=Peabody |publisher=University of Georgia: Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication}}</ref> Holly Kirkpatrick na Rise Collaborative ya rubuta cewa Threshold Season 2 yana taimaka wa masu sauraro su sami zurfin fahimta game da Arctic. "A mafi yawan labarai da rahotanni na minti 1-4 da rediyo game da Arctic ko canjin yanayi, ba koyaushe muna jin isasshen daga mutane miliyan huɗu da ke zaune a can ba. Ƙofar tana nufin canza wannan ta hanyar bincika rikitarwa na Arctic ta hanyar labarun mazaunanta, " Kirkpatrick ya rubuta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirkpatrick |first=Holly |date=18 January 2019 |title=Listen Up: Threshold Podcast Review |url=https://risecollaborative.com/rise/listen-up |access-date=26 May 2021 |website=Rise Collaborative |publisher=RISE}}</ref> Dan DeLuca na The Philly Inquirer ya rubuta cewa Threshold Season 1: "bincike mai zurfi game da tarihin kasar tare da [bison]...Yana zurfafa cikin batutuwa game da kiyayewa da siyasa da kuma dangantakar gwamnatin Amurka da 'yan asalin dabbobi da mutane, yayin da ba su taɓa rasa mamaki game da manyan dabbobi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeLuca |first=Dan |date=15 March 2018 |title=Podcast to listen to now: J.J. Redick, Joe Frank and Memory Palace |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/entertainment/music/best-podcasts-jj-reddick-memory-place-in-our-time-20180315.html |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref> == Kungiyar kwadago == An watsa ƙofa a tashoshin rediyo na jama'a a duk faɗin ƙasar, gami da WHYY Philadelphia, KUT Austin, KJZZ Phoenix, da ƙari. == Kudi == Auricle Productions ne ya samar da ƙofar, ƙungiyar jarida mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta. Cibiyar Pulitzer, Howard G. Buffett Fund na Gidauniyar Watsa Labarai ta Duniya don Mata, Rediyon Jama'a na Montana, Gidauniya ta Park, Gidaunin High Stakes, da masu sauraron Gidauniyoyin Threshold suna tallafawa aikin Threshold.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Funding |url=https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/funding |access-date=25 May 2021 |publisher=Threshold Podcast |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525153624/https://www.thresholdpodcast.org/funding |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8roc4vce0lhwbsnricfkdc48jl6bp75 0 122086 890149 742558 2026-08-01T14:23:43Z BnHamid 12586 /* top */ sanya databox using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 890149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox person| name=Asa Festival | language=Yoruba | meaning=statue |region= Western Region, Nigeria |image= Statue of an Agere dancer (A man walking on long stilts).jpg | caption= |image_size=200px}} '''Asa Festival''', wanda ake kira Agere a yankin, wani biki ne da ake gudanarwa a Ikorodu, Jihar Legas, Najeriya, wanda ke tallata gadon al’adar tafin-arara (stilt-walking) da wannan yanki ya shahara da ita. Ikorodu Division Rebirth Foundation (IREP) ke shirya bikin, tare da goyon bayan shugabannin al’umma, ciki har da Ayangburen na Ikorodu, Oba Kabiru Shotobi. Bikin yana kunshe da nunin al’adu iri-iri, ciki har da gabatar da littafin “Asa Arokolo”, wanda ke bayyana tarihin da muhimmancinsa.<ref name="Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2019-08-07 |title=Asa Festival to unite, expand culture, tourism in Ikorodu |url=https://guardian.ng/art/asa-festival-to-unite-expand-culture-tourism-in-ikorodu/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grace |first=Ihesiulo |date=2017-11-05 |title=Ikorodu indigenes revive ‘Asa’ cultural festival |url=https://dailytimesng.com/ikorodu-indigenes-revive-asa-cultural-festival/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=DAILY TIMES Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourism: Ikorodu indigenes revive ‘Asa’ festival |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/11/04/tourism-ikorodu-indigenes-revive-asa-festival/?amp=1 |access-date=2024-12-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=seguntuase |date=2021-12-19 |title=Ikorodu Celebrates Asa Arokolo Festival With Fanfare |url=https://www.thenewsturf.com/ikorodu-celebrates-asa-arokolo-festival-with-fanfare/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=TheNewsTurf |language=en-US}}</ref> Bikin ya ta'allaka ne akan Asa masquerade, wanda ya haɗa da masu wasan kwaikwayo suna tafiya a kan tsaunuka masu tsawo yayin da suke yin rawa da wasan kwaikwayo. An yi amfani da wannan a tarihi don nishaɗin jama'a, bukukuwan ruhaniya kuma a matsayin alama ce ta asalin al'umma. An fara gudanar da bikin ne a shekarar 2017, kuma [[Gwamnatin Jihar Lagos|Gwamnatin Jihar Legas]] ta amince da shi a wannan shekarar a matsayin daya daga cikin bukukuwan al'adu na shekara-shekara. IREP tana karkashin jagorancin Shugaban Mafi rinjaye na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Legas kuma wakilin mazabar Ikorodu I Sanai Agunbiade .<ref name="Nigeria"/> == Manazarta == 23oetpehbtekdl5unhoe6scyzebi39j 0 122087 890143 749943 2026-08-01T14:20:38Z BnHamid 12586 /* top */ sanya databox using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 890143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox person| name= Ìṣẹ̀ṣe Day | language=Yoruba | meaning=Tradition |region= South West, Nigeria |image=File:Arugba Kori Koto 4.jpg | caption=Arugba Kori Koto |image_size=200px}} '''Ìṣẹ̀ṣe''' '''Day''' (ko '''Isese Day''') bikin al'adu da addini ne na shekara-shekara wanda masu bin [[Addinin Yarabawa|Addinin gargajiya na Yoruba]] ke kiyayewa, da farko a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya.<ref name="Agbaje">{{Cite web |last=Agbaje |first=Matthew |date=2024-08-19 |title=ICYMI: Five things to know about Isese festival - Isese festival |url=https://punchng.com/five-things-to-know-about-isese-festival/#google_vignette |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> An sadaukar da ranar don girmama alloli na Yoruba da Orishas, da kuma adana al'adun mutanen Yoruba.<ref name="Reporters">{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=Our |date=2024-08-20 |title=Isese Day: Adherents advocate traditional oaths for public officials - Isese |url=https://punchng.com/isese-day-adherents-advocate-traditional-oaths-for-public-officials/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Odutuyo |first=Adeyinka |date=2023-08-21 |title=Everything You Need to Know About Isese Festival 2024 |url=https://www.zikoko.com/citizen/isese-festival-2024/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}</ref> Kalmar Ìṣẹ̀ṣe na nufin “al’ada” a harshen Yarbanci. An kafa ranar Ìṣẹ̀ṣe a hukumance domin gane muhimmancinta da kuma kare da fito da bukatar ci gaba da adana al’adun Yarbawa a wannan zamani na yau.<ref name="Agbaje"/> An fara ayyana bikin a matsayin hutun jama'a a [[Osun|Jihar Osun]] a watan Agustan 2014, a karkashin gwamnatin Gwamna [[Rauf Aregbesola]].<ref name="Reporters"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Odutuyo |first=Adeyinka |date=2023-08-21 |title=Everything You Need to Know About Isese Festival 2024 |url=https://www.zikoko.com/citizen/isese-festival-2024/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin, wasu jihohin kudu maso yamma kamar su [[Lagos (jiha)|Lgas]], [[Ogun]], da [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]] sun amince da ranar 20 ga watan Agusta a matsayin Ranar Isese, sau da yawa suna bayyana shi ranar da ba ta da aiki ga ma'aikatan gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Babalola |first=Toheeb |date=August 15, 2024 |title=Oyo govt declares Tuesday work-free for Isese Day |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/724657-oyo-govt-declares-tuesday-work-free-for-isese-day.html |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AriseNews |date=2024-08-19 |title=Isese Day: Lagos Declares Tuesday Public Holiday for Traditional Religious Festival |url=https://www.arise.tv/isese-day-lagos-declares-tuesday-public-holiday-for-traditional-religious-festival/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Arise News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdulsemiu |first=Monsuroh |date=2024-08-19 |title=Lagos, Osun, Oyo, Ogun declare Tuesday public holiday to celebrate Isese Day |url=https://www.thecable.ng/just-in-lagos-osun-oyo-ogun-declare-tuesday-public-holiday-to-celebrate-isese-day/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> An amince da ranar a hukumance a matsayin hutu na jama’a a wasu jihohin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, kuma ana rufe ofisoshin gwamnati domin bai wa masu bin addinin damar yin bukukuwan ranar.<ref name="Agbaje"/><ref name="Reporters"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Al'adun Najeriya]] srmsqg82lr717tccblngm3xpf9virym 0 122919 890215 746059 2026-08-01T15:40:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} (Tuareg Berber language; '''Neo-Tifinagh'''; Berber Latin alphabet: {{Lang|ber-Latn|Tifinaɣ}}; Berber pronunciation: [tifinaɣ]) rubutun ne da aka yi amfani da shi don rubuta yarukan Berber. Tifinagh ta fito ne daga tsohuwar haruffa ta Libyco-Berber . Tifinagh na gargajiya, wani lokacin ana kiransa '''Tuareg Tifinagh''', har yanzu [[Buzaye|Mutanen Tuareg]] na hamadar [[Sahara]] a kudancin [[Aljeriya]], arewa maso gabashin [[Mali]], arewacin [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da arewacin Burkina Faso suna son rubuce-rubucen yarukan Tuareg.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Camps |first=G. |last2=Claudot-Hawad |first2=H. |last3=Chaker |first3=S. |last4=Abrous |first4=D. |date=1996-08-01 |title=Écriture |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2125 |journal=Encyclopédie berbère |language=fr |issue=17 |pages=2564–2585 |doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2125 |issn=1015-7344}}</ref> Neo-Tifinagh haruffa ce da Cibiyar Berber ta haɓaka ta hanyar karɓar Tuareg Tifinagh don amfani da Kabyle; tun daga lokacin an gyara shi don amfani a duk faɗin Arewacin Afirka.  {{IPA|ber|tifinaɣ}}{{IPA|ber|tifinaɣ}}{{IPA|ber|tifinaɣ}} Tifinagh na ɗaya daga cikin manyan Rubutun Berber guda uku tare da haruffa na Berber Latin da haruffan Larabci.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Soulaimani |first=Dris |date=2016-01-02 |title=Writing and rewriting Amazigh/Berber identity: Orthographies and language ideologies |journal=Writing Systems Research |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=2–5 |doi=10.1080/17586801.2015.1023176 |issn=1758-6801 |s2cid=144700140}}</ref> Tifinagh shine rubutun hukuma na [[Abzinanci|Tamazight]], harshen hukuma na [[Moroko|Maroko]] da Aljeriya. Baya ga amfani da al'adun alama, Latin ya kasance babban rubutun don rubuta harsunan Berber a duk faɗin Arewacin Afirka.<ref name="choice">{{Cite journal |last=Larbi |first=Hsen |year=2003 |title=Which Script for Tamazight, Whose Choice is it ? |url=http://www.tamazgha.fr/Which-Script-for-Tamazight-Whose-Choice-is-it,359.html |url-status=dead |journal=Amazigh Voice (Taghect Tamazight) |location=New Jersey |publisher=Amazigh Cultural Association in America (ACAA) |volume=12 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907212936/http://www.tamazgha.fr/Which-Script-for-Tamazight-Whose-Choice-is-it,359.html |archive-date=September 7, 2017 |access-date=December 17, 2009}}</ref> Tsohon rubutun Libyco-Berber <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.institutum-canarium.org/lbi-project/script.php |title=LBI LIBYCO-BERBER INSCRIPTIONS ONLINE DATABASE |access-date=2025-12-17 |archive-date=2025-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006071218/http://www.institutum-canarium.org/lbi-project/script.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya yi amfani da shi ta tsoffin Berbers na arewa da aka sani da Libyco - Berbers, wanda aka fi sani da Numidians, Afri, da Mauretanians, waɗanda ke zaune a arewacin Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, da Canary Islands. == Magana == Kalmar ''tifinagh'' (singular ''tafinəq'' < *ta-finəɣ-t) wasu malamai suna tunanin zama mace mai yawa ta Berberized ko daidaitawa da kalmar Latin ''Punicus'' 'Punic, Phoenician' ta hanyar prefix mata na Berber ''ti-'' da kuma tushen '''√''' / *'''√''' < Latin ''Punicus''; don haka ''tifinagh'' na iya nufin 'Fenisiya (haruffa) ko 'haruffa Punic'. Sauran suna goyon bayan asalin da ya shafi kalmar Tuareg efnegh 'rubuta'. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Camps |first=G. |last2=Claudot-Hawad |first2=H. |last3=Chaker |first3=S. |last4=Abrous |first4=D. |date=1996-08-01 |title=Écriture |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2125 |journal=Encyclopédie berbère |language=fr |issue=17 |pages=2564–2585 |doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2125 |issn=1015-7344}}</ref> == Libyanci da Berber == Kafin ko a lokacin wanzuwar tsoffin masarautun Berber na [[Numidia]] (arewacin Aljeriya) da [[Mauretania]] (arewacin Morocco), tsakanin 202 KZ-25 KZ, an zana rubuce-rubuce da yawa ta amfani da [[Harshen Libyco-Berber|Rubutun Libyco-Berber]], wanda aka fi sani da Tsohon Libyan (Faransanci: ). Ana samun rubutun Libyco-Berber a cikin dubban rubutun dutse da zane-zane a duk faɗin Morocco, arewacin Algeria, Tunisia, arewacin Libya da tsibirin Canary. Cikakken juyin halitta na Libyco-Berber da Tifinagh har yanzu ba a bayyane yake ba. An yi amfani da tsarin rubuce-rubuce na ƙarshe a zamanin d ̄ a ta hanyar masu magana da [[Harshen Numidian]] da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kira Tsohon Libya, a duk faɗin Afirka da [[Tsibirin Kanariyas|Tsibirin Canary]]. Asalin rubutun ba shi da tabbas, tare da wasu malamai suna ba da shawarar yana da alaƙa, ya fito ko ya ci gaba daga haruffa na Phoenician yayin da wasu ke jayayya da ra'ayi mai zaman kansa tare da ƙananan tasirin Phoenician. Har ila yau, bayyanarsa ta farko ba ta da tabbas, amma ba ta da tsufa fiye da karni na farko KZ, tare da tsofaffin ragowar da za su iya samo asali ne daga karni na 6 KZ. Ya ɓace a yankunan arewacin Arewacin Afirka a cikin karni na 8, bayan [[Mulkin umayyad a arewacin afrika|Nasarar Larabawa a Maghreb]], Libyco-Berber tare da Latin da aka maye gurbin rubutun Larabci. Rubutun Libyco-Berber abjad ne mai tsabta; ba shi da wasula. Ba a yi alama da Jima'i ba. Rubutun yawanci daga kasa zuwa saman, kodayake daga dama zuwa hagu, har ma da wasu umarni, an kuma sami su. Harafin sun ɗauki siffofi daban-daban lokacin da aka rubuta su tsaye fiye da lokacin da aka buga su a kwance.<ref name="ancient">{{Cite web |title=Berber |url=http://www.ancientscripts.com/berber.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826045645/http://www.ancientscripts.com/berber.html |archive-date=2017-08-26 |access-date=2017-10-09 |publisher=Ancient Scripts}}</ref> Wannan rubutun ''libyque'' yana da nau'o'i biyu. An yi amfani da nau'in Yammacin da ba a bayyana ba a bakin tekun Bahar Rum daga Kabylia zuwa Maroko kuma mai yiwuwa tsibirin Canary. An yi amfani da nau'in Gabas a Constantine, Aurès, da Tunisia. 22 daga cikin haruffa 24 a cikin nau'in Gabas an fassara su ne saboda godiya ga rubutun harsuna biyu na Punic-Libyc.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Andries |first=PA |title=Proposition d'ajout de l'écriture tifinaghe. Organisation internationale de normalisation |url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2739.pdf}}, Jeu universel des caractères codés sur octets (JUC). ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 WG, vol.2, p.2739R, 2004.</ref> ==manazarta == hwpeaq704qbpv5pc015hq94wud18hkv 0 123070 890164 746900 2026-08-01T14:35:24Z BnHamid 12586 890164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2020, Reza Ashrafi, mahaifin yarinya mai shekaru 14 mai suna '''Romina Ashrafi''' ya kashe ta yayin da take barci a gidan iyali a Sefid Sangan, Talesh, lardin Gilan. Ranar da ta gabata, 'yan sanda sun tilasta Romina Ashrafi zuwa gidan iyalinta bayan ta tsere tare da Bahamn Khavari mai shekaru 28. Labarin kisan ya ja hankalin kasa da kasa. An daure Reza Ashrafi na tsawon shekaru tara. == Tarihi == Romina Ashrafi (Persian; an haife ta a shekara ta 2006) yarinya ce 'yar Iran mai shekaru 14 daga Sefid Sangan, Talesh, wacce ta tsere tare da Bahamn Khavari mai shekaru 28 a watan Mayu 2020. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Romina Ashrafi: 'Honour killing' sparks outcry in Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/27/romina-ashrafi-honour-killing-sparks-outcry-in-iran |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun tsere zuwa gidan 'yar'uwar Khavari a ƙauyen Shalgun . <ref name=":5" /> Iyalin Romina sun yi tsayayya da dangantakar da ke tsakanin ita da Khavari saboda bambancin addinai tsakanin Khavari da iyalin Romina, da ƙuruciyarta. A watan Mayu 2020, ta amfani da wayarsa, Reza Ashrafi ya yi kamar yana tallafawa aurensu kuma ya yaudari ma'auratan su shirya bikin aure. Reza Ashrafi ta isa bikin tare da 'yan sanda <ref name=":5" /> wadanda suka kama ma'auratan, kafin ta mayar da Romina ga mahaifinta. Romina ta bayyana wa 'yan sanda cewa tana tsoron rayuwarta, kafin a dawo da ita, ba tare da son zuciyarta ba. == Mutuwa == A ranar 21 ga watan Mayu, a cikin sa'o'i 24 da aka dawo da ita, Reza Ashrafi ta kashe Romina ta hanyar yanke kai ta amfani da laushi yayin da take barci <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Romina Ashrafi: 'Honour killing' sparks outcry in Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/27/romina-ashrafi-honour-killing-sparks-outcry-in-iran |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> a cikin ɗakinta. Ya riga ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe ta ta hanyar maƙurewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-10 |title=قتل با داس؛ آبروهایی که با خون آبیاری می‌شوند |trans-title=Murder with sickle; Reputations which get irrigated by blood |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF/a-53571768 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510143356/https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF/a-53571768 |archive-date=2021-05-10 |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=DW Farsi}}</ref> Daga baya a kotu, Reza Ashrafi ya bayyana cewa ya kashe ta don wanke darajarsa.<ref name=":1" /> Reza Ashrafi ya nemi shawara ta shari'a daga dangi wanda dalibi ne na shari'a, kafin kisan. Ya sami shawara cewa [[Kashewa da girmamawa|kashe-kashen girmamawa]] ya halatta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Shari'ar Musulunci. == Sakamakon haka == An gudanar da jana'izar Romina a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2020, a gidan kakanta a kauyen Sefidsangan . === Halin shari'a === An kama Reza Ashrafi washegari bayan kisan kuma daga baya aka tuhume shi da kisan kai. 'Yan sanda sun bayyana dalilinsa a matsayin "daraja".<ref name=":5" /> A watan Satumba, bayan shari'a a Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta Lardin Gilan, an yanke wa Reza Ashrafi hukuncin shekaru tara a kurkuku kuma an umarce shi da ya biya diyya ga Rana Dashti, mahaifiyar Romina. Mahaifiyar Romina ta bayyana cewa za ta daukaka kara kan hukuncin kotun, tana neman hukunci mai tsanani.<ref name=":1" /> An wanke Bahamn Khavari daga tuhumar satar mutane, bisa ga amincewar Romina. A mayar da martani ga tuhumar lalata, an yanke wa Bahamn Khavari hukuncin watanni 24 a kurkuku, bulala 99 da shekaru biyu a gudun hijira.<ref name=":1" /> Ana tsare Reza Ashrafi a kurkukun Lakan a Rasht . === Bayani === Labarin kisan ya haifar da damuwa da jama'a a kafofin sada zumunta an yi amfani da hashtag #RominaAshrafi sama da sau 50,000 a kan [[Twitter]] wanda aka saba tare da la'akari da kisan. An kuma soki Khavari a kan layi saboda bambancin shekaru tsakanin shi da Romina. Khavari ya gaya wa BBC Persian cewa "ƙauna ba ta san shekaru ba". Khavari ya kuma bayyana cewa yana ƙaunar Romina shekaru biyar da suka gabata. <ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Iran debates 'honor killings' after girl's murder – DW – 06/03/2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-debates-honor-killings-after-girls-murder-shocks-country/a-53664307 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> Mafi ƙarancin shekarun da za a yi aure a Iran shine shekaru 13 ga mata.<ref name=":8" /> Jami'in da ke kula da jin dadin jama'a a lardin Gilan ya kira kisan "misali na cin zarafin yara". Labarin ya kasance a shafi na gaba na jaridu da yawa na Iran.[1] Jaridar Ebtekar ta yi amfani da taken "Gidan uba mara aminci" kuma ta bayyana cewa dokokin da ke akwai ba su da isasshen kariya ga mata da yara.[1] Shugaban Iran Hassan Rouhani ya yi kira da a aikata laifin kisan gilla a cikin kwanaki bayan mutuwar Romina.[2] Mataimakin shugaban Iran na harkokin iyali, Masoumeh Ebtekar ya yi magana game da burinta na dokar majalisa wacce za ta gabatar da hukunci mai tsanani.[2] Mahmoud Abbasi, mataimakin Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Iran, ya danganta kisan ga "talauci na al'adu na iyaye" da rashin ilimi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-08 |title=آخرین خبرهای چهارشنبه هفتم خرداد ۱۳۹۹ |trans-title=Latest news of Wednesday, Khordad 7, 1399 |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B9%DB%B9/a-53579518 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608100918/https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B9%DB%B9/a-53579518 |archive-date=2020-06-08 |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=DW Farsi}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin kisan gilla a Iran * Shekarar aure * Kashe Tiba al-Ali * Kisan Mona Heydari == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p6qbxml8gjrmramq48j96jpto34c48q 0 123685 890416 749267 2026-08-02T05:51:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shari'ar yarinya ta [[Leicester]] tana daya daga cikin sanannun shari'o'in maita na Leicester, inda wani yaro mai shekaru goma sha uku ya zargi mata 15 da haifar da mallaka a cikinsa. An yi shari'ar ne a Husbands Bosworth, wani karamin ƙauye da ba shi da nisa da Leicester a cikin shekara ta 1616. John Smith ya fada cikin jerin tashin hankali, har ma da mutane da yawa ba za su iya riƙe shi ba. Ya yi sautin ban mamaki, kuma, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin wata wasika daga Alderman Robert Heyrick zuwa ga ɗan'uwansa Sir William, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Witches in Early Modern England |url=http://witching.org/brimstone/detail.php?mode=city&city=Husbands%20Bosworth |access-date=28 March 2015 |website=Brimstone |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095928/http://witching.org/brimstone/detail.php?mode=city&city=Husbands%20Bosworth |url-status=dead }}</ref> zai doke kansa da ƙarfin rashin mutunci, duk da haka ta wata hanya ya kasance ba tare da rauni ba. Ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da danginsu. Alƙalai biyu, Sir Humphrey Winch da Sir Ranulph Crewe da sauri sun hukunta mata, sun tara su duka 15. An yi shari'a tara daga cikinsu, an same su da laifi kuma an rataye su saboda zargin mallakar John Smith. Sauran shida an sanya su a kurkuku don jiran lokacin su. Babu wani daga cikinsu da aka ambaci sunansa kafin a rataye shi. Sarki James na wuce kusan wata daya bayan haka, kuma ya ji abin da ke faruwa. Ya yi kira ga a tambayi John Smith, kuma ba shi da matsala wajen tantance yaron yaudara. Ya fadi, kuma ya furta gaskiya. Daga cikin mata shida da aka daure, biyar ne kawai aka saki, yayin da daya daga cikinsu ya mutu a ciki. A cewar jadawalin lokaci, matar da ta mutu ta gaya wa mai kula da kurkuku cewa tana aiki tare da mayu a kan Smith ranar da ta mutu. Ta roƙe shi kada ya ce komai saboda mayu za su cutar da ita. Ba har zuwa kwanan nan ba ne kotuna suka fara la'akari da shaidar yara, kodayake har yanzu suna la'akari sosai da su kafin su amince da su. Saboda shari'ar Leicester Boy, da sauransu kamar ita, alƙalai da yawa sun yi taka tsantsan da amincewa da kowa, musamman yara, a cikin ikirarin maita. Alƙalai biyu da ke da alaƙa da shari'o'in sunayensu sun lalace sosai, kuma labarin ya canza zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na satirical da ke yi musu ba'a a cikin The Devil Is an Ass na Ben Jonson . == Tarihin addini da siyasa == A lokacin gwajin maƙaryaci, ba shi da wahala a fusata mutane game da zargin maita. Dokar maita ta 1603 ta wuce ta Sarki James. Ayyukan, wanda aka kira Dokar Daidaitawa, maita da kuma ma'amala da mugunta da mugayen ruhohi, sun canza doka kuma sun sanya maita ta zama laifi wanda za'a hukunta shi da mutuwa. Ya kara da cewa ba zai [[amfanin malamai]] ba ga duk wanda "ya kira mugayen ruhohi ko ya yi magana da dangi". Abin mamaki shine Sarki da kansa wanda ya kawo karshen tashin hankali na Leicester. == Abubuwan da suka kai ga shari'ar == Kafin fitina, John Smith ya fara samun wadannan abubuwan ban mamaki a lokacin da ya nuna matakan rashin mutunci na ƙarfi. Babu wani mutum da zai iya riƙe yaron, kuma zai buge kansa, wani lokacin har zuwa sau 300 a lokaci guda, a duk jikinsa ba tare da barin alama ba. A lokacin wadannan fitsari, zai yi magana a cikin jimloli masu tsami kuma ya kwangila da "dukan jikinsa a cikin compass na Joyn'd-stool". Zai rubuta a cikin haruffa na Ibrananci da Girkanci. Ya gaya wa alƙalai, da sauransu, cewa dangin mayu suna mallake shi, kuma ya bayyana su da yawa. Ya lissafa "doki, cat, kare, pullemar, kifi, lambar" <ref name="auto" /> kuma ya fitar da kukan dabba bisa ga abin da ake zargin yana da shi. Iyalin yaron sun kira maƙaryacin Bosworth, tara daga cikinsu, don ƙoƙarin fitar da yaron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Witches in Early Modern England |url=http://witching.org/brimstone/detail.php?mode=city&city=Husbands%20Bosworth |access-date=28 March 2015 |website=Brimstone |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095928/http://witching.org/brimstone/detail.php?mode=city&city=Husbands%20Bosworth |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, ba su iya yin hakan ba. Ya kasance Yuli 1616. An cire matan, kuma an rataye su. Daga baya a cikin shekarar, a watan Oktoba, ya zargi wasu mata shida da maita a kansa. An lissafa matan a matsayin wadanda ba a san su ba, kuma ba a san sunansu ba, kuma an dauke su don yin bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carlson |first=Marc |date=12 July 2004 |title=Witches and Witchtrials in England, the Channel Islands, Ireland and Scotland |url=http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/witchtrial/eis.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106142701/http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/witchtrial/eis.html |archive-date=6 January 2015 |access-date=28 March 2015}}</ref> == Gwaje-gwaje == Ya kasance a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1616. An sanya mata shida na farko su yi waka, wanda aka yi niyya don gano su a matsayin mayu. John Smith zai yi kuka cikin ciwo da damuwa a duk lokacin da ba su yi waka ba: {{Blockquote|I such a one chardge the hors. Yf I be a wiche, that thou com forthe of the child.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/witchtrial/eis.html |title=Witches and Witchtrials in England, the Channel Islands, Ireland and Scotland |last1=Carlson |first1=Marc |date=12 July 2004 |access-date=March 28, 2015 |archive-date=6 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106142701/http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/witchtrial/eis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} Sarki James ya zo yana wucewa, kuma ya kama iska game da gwajin maita. Yana da sha'awar sani, kuma yana so ya ga wanda ya yi zargin. Bayan ya san cewa yaro ne mai shekaru 13, sai ya kira shi da sauri, kuma nan da nan ya bayyana shi ya zama zamba. An saki wadanda suka tsira biyar daga kurkuku. == Sauye-sauyen wallafe-wallafen da sauran kafofin watsa labarai == * Tarihin maita a Ingila daga 1558 zuwa 1718, Wallace Notestein * Sarki James I da "Shaifin Ass ne" Vol. 9, Na 2, G.L. Kittredge * Yin farautar maƙaryaci a Yammacin Duniya: Tsanantawa da Hukunce-hukunce daga Inquisition ta hanyar Salem Trials, Brian Pavlac * Ben Jonson: Rayuwa, Ian Donaldson * Kalmomin maita, David Pickering == Kafofin watsa labarai == * The Witches of Husbands Bosworth, Liberal Ingila: The witches of Hus Bands Bosworth 29 Agusta 2009 * [https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-14490790 Shari'ar maƙaryaci da ta yi tarihi] Shari'a, Frances Cronin, BBC News Shari'ar maƙaryaci wacce ta yi tarihin shari'a == Irin waɗannan lokuta == === Jarabawar Maƙaryaci === Jennet Device, mai shekaru 9, shine babban shaida a cikin Pendle Witch Trials a kan mutane 12 da aka tuhume su da kisan mutane 10 da maita. An gwada 10 a cikin 1612 a matsayin rukuni, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Witches in Early Modern England |url=http://witching.org/brimstone/detail.php?mode=city&city=Husbands%20Bosworth |access-date=28 March 2015 |website=Brimstone |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095928/http://witching.org/brimstone/detail.php?mode=city&city=Husbands%20Bosworth |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma an rataye su saboda kisan yara da cin nama. Na'urar ta ba da shaida a kan mahaifiyarta, ɗan'uwanta da 'yar'uwarta. Daga baya a rayuwa, an yi mata shari'a kuma an same ta da laifi a cikin 1633-1634, kuma an ɗaure ta har zuwa mutuwa. === Gwajin mafarauci na Torsåker === === Sarah Good === A Salem, Massachusetts, Sarah Good, tare da Sarah Osborne da Tituba, an zarge su a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1692 [1] da cutar da Betty Parris da Abigail Williams, 'yan mata biyu da ke fama da rikice-rikice da rikice. Dukan garin sun so su kawar da kansu daga Sarah Good, wacce aka dauke ta mai bara marar gida. Ta maimaita sau da yawa an zarge ta da ƙarya. An kashe ta ne a watan Yulin shekara ta 1692. == Dubi kuma == * Gävle Boy == Manazarta == nbkjszme3r24ar40vbq67u3zf9jj1gz 0 123766 890290 788041 2026-08-01T20:30:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Unyime Josiah Idem''' (listenⓘ) (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1975) ɗan kasuwa ne na Najeriya, ɗan siyasa, mai ba da agaji kuma memba mai daraja wanda ke wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Oruk Anam]] / [[Ukanafun]] a Majalisar Wakilai .<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Honourable Members Nigeria Federal House of Representatives |url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/226 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=7 October 2019 |website=Federal Republic of Nigeria National Assembly}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Unyime Idem • Member House of Reps Ukanafun/Oruk Anam Federal Constituency |url=https://unyimeidem.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010124557/https://unyimeidem.com/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-10 |website=Unyime Idem |language=en-US}}</ref> An fara zabarsa a majalisar a majalisar dokoki ta 9, a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamitin Shugaban Majalisar kan Sayen Jama'a a majalisar dokyi ta 10. Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2024, Idem ya dauki nauyin kafawa da gyare-gyare 22 da kuma shawarwari 28 na "muhimmancin gaggawa na kasa".<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Alimi |first=Olamilekan Quadri |date=2023-06-01 |title=OrderPaper rewards 18 NASS Members for valuable contributions |url=https://orderpaper.ng/2023/06/01/orderpaper-rewards-18-nass-members-for-valuable-contributions-in-lawmaking/#:~:text=The%20Kaduna%20Governor-Elect,%20Senator%20Sani,%20also%20emerged%20as,promises%20of%20the%20All%20Progressives%20Congress-led%20Federal%20Government. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720172939/https://orderpaper.ng/2023/06/01/orderpaper-rewards-18-nass-members-for-valuable-contributions-in-lawmaking/#:~:text=The%20Kaduna%20Governor-Elect,%20Senator%20Sani,%20also%20emerged%20as,promises%20of%20the%20All%20Progressives%20Congress-led%20Federal%20Government. |archive-date=20 July 2024 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=OrderPaper |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne wanda ya kafa Idems Ultimate Limited- mai ba da sabis na sadarwa, da Stanford Microfinance Bank Limited tare da gungumen azaba a wasu kamfanoni da yawa a bangaren noma, ƙasa, gini tare da ma'aikata sama da ɗari biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Welcome to Stanford Microfinance Bank |url=https://stanfordmfb.com.ng/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225000539/https://stanfordmfb.com.ng/ |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=7 October 2019 |website=Stanford Microfinance Bank Limited |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Idems Ultimate Limited – Welcome to Idems Ultimate Limited |url=https://idemsultimate.com.ng/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302225651/http://idemsultimate.com.ng/ |archive-date=2 March 2019 |access-date=7 October 2019 |website=Idems Ultimate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-30 |title=Idem, pride to National Assembly, says Wase |url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/idem-pride-to-national-assembly-says-wase/ |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Unyime Josiah Idem an haife ta ne a Usung Atiat a cikin Karamar Hukumar Ukanafun a [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]] . Ya yi karatun firamare a QIC Group School lkot Akpa ldem, Ukanafun kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Yammacin Annang - Wasco, Ikot Akpa Nkuk ya kammala tare da Babban Takardar Shaidar Makarantar, SSCE. Tsohon jami'in Uyo, yana da digiri na farko a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci da kuma digiri na biyu a cikin gudanarwa na kasuwanci. A halin yanzu yana jiran PhD a cikin Jagora, Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Monarch, Jami'ar Monarch, Switzerland.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Unyime Idem • Member House of Reps Ukanafun/Oruk Anam Federal Constituency |url=https://unyimeidem.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010124557/https://unyimeidem.com/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-10 |website=Unyime Idem |language=en-US}}</ref> Idem yana da takaddun shaida na kwararru da yawa a cikin sadarwa da gudanarwa ciki har da Horar da Sabis na Abokin Ciniki, Accra, Ghana; Darasi na Gudanar da Albarkatarwa, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu; Darasiyar Gudanar da Abokin Cinki, New Delhi, Indiya; Darasi ne na Gudanarwa, Westminster, London; Darasijin Gudanar da Kudi, Boroughs, London; Karasi na Gudun Jama'a, New York, Amurka; Darasi da Gudanar da Gudanarwa da Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Kudi da Dabarun, Makarantar Kasuwancin Lagos, Najeriya; Darasi, New York.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Honourable Members Nigeria Federal House of Representatives |url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/226 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=7 October 2019 |website=Federal Republic of Nigeria National Assembly}}</ref> Idem ɗan'uwa ne na ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a da yawa ciki har da Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya, Cibiyar Jagora da Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Najeriya.<ref name=":0"/> == Ayyukan siyasa == Ayyukan siyasa na Idem ya fara ne a shekara ta 2000 lokacin da aka fara zabarsa a matsayin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Peoples, jami'in PDP a cikin unguwar 8 a matsayin mataimakin sakatare. A cikin wannan shekarar, an nada shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga shugaban majalisar Ukanafun. A shekara ta 2011, an nada shi a cikin kungiyar yakin neman zabe ta Godswill / Nsima Ekere a dandalin PDP. A ƙarshen wa'adin Gwamna [[Godswill Akpabio]] da mataimakinsa Nsima Ekere a cikin 2015, [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel|Emmanuel Udom]] ya fito a matsayin dan takarar PDP don zaben gwamna na 2015 a jihar [[Akwa Ibom]], don haka ya kafa kungiyar kamfen ta Udom / Moses Divine Mandate Campaign Organisation. Haka hukuma ya kasance memba na kungiyar yakin neman zabe. Ya kasance wakilin jam'iyyar PDP a zaben fidda gwani a shekarar 2015. === Zaben Majalisar Wakilai === [[Fayil:Hon_Unyime_Idem_with_raised_hand_in_the_main_chamber_of_the_Federal_House_of_Representatives.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Hon Unyime Hakazalika a cikin babban ɗakin majalisar wakilai yana ɗaga hannunsa don ba da gudummawa ga muhawara a ƙasa]] Bayan nasarar da ya samu a harkokin sadarwa,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Welcome to Stanford Microfinance Bank |url=https://stanfordmfb.com.ng/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225000539/https://stanfordmfb.com.ng/ |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=7 October 2019 |website=Stanford Microfinance Bank Limited |url-status=dead }}</ref> kudi da aikin gona da kuma karuwar shahara da tasiri, 'yan majalisa na Oruk Anam / Ukanafun sun bukaci shi ya tsaya takarar kujerar a Majalisar Wakilai.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Idems Ultimate Limited – Welcome to Idems Ultimate Limited |url=https://idemsultimate.com.ng/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302225651/http://idemsultimate.com.ng/ |archive-date=2 March 2019 |access-date=7 October 2019 |website=Idems Ultimate}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ya yi takara don tikitin PDP a zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar inda ya doke wasu 'yan takara uku don fitowa mai ɗaukar tutar PDP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-30 |title=Idem, pride to National Assembly, says Wase |url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/idem-pride-to-national-assembly-says-wase/ |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Honourable Members Nigeria Federal House of Representatives |url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/226 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=7 October 2019 |website=Federal Republic of Nigeria National Assembly}}</ref> A cikin babban zaben 23 ga Fabrairu 2019 ya kayar da babban mai kalubalantarsa Rt. Hon. Emmanuel Ukoette na All Progressives Congress, APC wani mai mulki wanda ke neman tikitin dawowa zuwa ɗakin kore na karo na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-25 |title=Unyime Idem Drowns and Retires Incumbent Federal Lawmaker Emmanuel Ukoette |url=https://nigeriatoday.ng/news/south-south/akwa-ibom/unyime-idem-drowns-and-retires-incumbent-federal-lawmaker-emmanuel-ukoette/ |access-date=2019-10-10 |website=Nigeria Today |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010124559/https://nigeriatoday.ng/news/south-south/akwa-ibom/unyime-idem-drowns-and-retires-incumbent-federal-lawmaker-emmanuel-ukoette/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Emmanuel Ukoette ya kalubalanci zaben Idem a kotun karar zaben majalisar dokoki ta kasa yana zargin aikata laifuka da yawa ciki har da jefa kuri'a. Kotun ta yi watsi da karar saboda rashin tabbaci kuma ta tabbatar da zaben Idem. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, an zabi Idem a karo na biyu a matsayin dan takarar PDP na tseren Ukanafun / Oruk Anam na Tarayyar Tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Court of Appeal |date=2019-09-08 |title=Akwa Ibom Tribunal Affirms Three National Assembly Victories – 6th September, 2019 |url=https://medium.com/@NGCourtofAppeal/akwa-ibom-tribunal-affirms-three-national-assembly-victories-6th-sept-f5d0b8883016 |access-date=2019-10-10 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 63kduta3512bz44ozbpvuqrm77c14bw 0 124649 890369 818933 2026-08-02T01:08:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wayne Dunn''' masanin kimiyya ne kuma mai ba da shawara na Kanada wanda aikinsa ke mai da hankali kan alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni (CSR), muhalli, zamantakewa, da tsarin mulki (ESG), da Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Horar da CSR da Cibiyar CSR ESG, kuma a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa na Ayyuka a [[Jami'ar McGill]]. == Ilimi da aikin ilimi == Dunn yana da Jagoran Kimiyya a Gudanarwa daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Stanford, inda ya kasance Sloan Fellow . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=Prof.Wayne Dunn – Professional Profile |url=http://centreforresponsiblebusiness.blogspot.com/2015/01/profwayne-dunn-professional-profile.html |access-date=2025-07-20}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |others=Stanford Graduate School of Business School |title=Harvesting an Underwater Forest Sloan Fellows find a triple-bottom-line business in West Africa. |url=http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/bmag/sbsm0711/feature-harvest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304011055/http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/bmag/sbsm0711/feature-harvest.html |archive-date=2012-03-04 |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.gsb.stanford.edu}}</ref> Daga baya ya shiga [[Jami'ar McGill]] a matsayin Farfesa na Ayyuka kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Jagora a Cibiyar McGill don Nazarin Ci gaban Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref> Ya ba da gudummawa ga shirye-shiryen ilimi a Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Afirka, da Asiya.<ref name=":0"/> Ya yi aiki tare da [[Jami'ar Nazarin Ci Gaban]] a Ghana don bunkasa shirye-shiryen ilimi na CSR.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title='Make CSR more beneficial to local communities' |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Make-CSR-more-beneficial-to-local-communities-318244 |access-date=2025-07-20}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Boateng |first=Kojo Akoto |date=2014-07-23 |title=Make CSR more beneficial to local communities – UDS Vice Chancellor |url=https://citifmonline.com/2014/07/make-csr-more-beneficial-to-local-communities-uds-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2012, ya sauƙaƙa Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) tsakanin Jami'ar Winnipeg da UDS don inganta bincike na hadin gwiwa kan ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar da kula da muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |date=2012-05-04 |title=Axworthy Meets President of Ghana |url=https://news.uwinnipeg.ca/axworthy-meets-president-of-ghana/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=University of Winnipeg News |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2013, Dunn ya bi dalibai daga Jami'ar Winnipeg ta Master's in Development Practice program a ziyarar Ghana don shiga tare da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa kan batutuwan dorewa.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=UWinnipeg Students Take Part In Official State Visit To Ghana {{!}} MDP {{!}} The University of Winnipeg |url=https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/mdp/news/2013/05/2013-05-17.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.uwinnipeg.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MDP Student attends Executive Briefing Summary on CSR {{!}} MDP {{!}} The University of Winnipeg |url=https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/mdp/news/2015/06/mdp-student-attends-executive-briefing-summary-on-csr.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.uwinnipeg.ca}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Dunn ya fara aiki a cikin alhakin zamantakewar kamfanoni a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, da farko yana mai da hankali kan aikin 'yan asalin ƙasar a bangaren albarkatun Kanada. Daga baya ya kafa Wayne Dunn & Associates, Cibiyar Horar da CSR da Cibiyar CSR ESG, suna aiki a kan ayyukan a fannoni ciki har da hakar ma'adinai, makamashi, da gandun daji.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Wayne Dunn profile |url=https://www.truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/People/WayneDunn/Wayne-Dunn-Linkedin-profile.pdf |access-date=2025-07-20 |archive-date=2026-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107003902/https://www.truevaluemetrics.org/DBpdfs/People/WayneDunn/Wayne-Dunn-Linkedin-profile.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |date=2012-05-04 |title=Axworthy Meets President of Ghana |url=https://news.uwinnipeg.ca/axworthy-meets-president-of-ghana/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=University of Winnipeg News |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga kungiyoyi kamar Bankin Duniya, [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]], da Bankin Ci Gaban Amurka, da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnatin Ghana ciki har da Kamfanin Man Fetur na Ghana, Hukumar Ma'adanai ta Ghana, da Ma'aikatar Lands da albarkatun kasa.<ref name=":7"/> Ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban manufofin CSR na Ghana kuma ya kasance memba na Kungiyar Kwararrun Aboriginal ta Kanada a kan Dokar Matakan Bayyanawa ta Sashen Cirewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == Dunn ya jagoranci aikin Placer Dome CARE a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref name=":0"/> wani shiri na tallafi ga ma'aikatan da aka sallama, wanda Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Stanford ta tsara kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Bankin Duniya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Golden Opportunity (SSIR) |url=https://ssir.org/articles/entry/golden_opportunity |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=ssir.org |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref> == Littattafai da gabatarwa == Dunn ya wallafa labarai game da CSR da dorewa a cikin hanyoyin da suka hada da ''Stanford Social Innovation Review'' <ref name=":3"/> da TriplePundit . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref> Ya haɓaka abubuwan ilimi da darussan kan layi akan CSR da ESG. == Sanarwa == Dunn ya sami lambar yabo ta Ci gaban Innovation na Bankin Duniya, <ref name=":3"/> lambar yabo ta Nexen don Kwarewa a cikin Kasuwancin Jama'a da Hakki na Da'a, da kuma Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a a Kasuwar Ci gaban Bankin Duniya.<ref name=":3" /> A cikin 2024, an amince da shi ta Stellar Performance CEO Awards saboda aikinsa a CSR da kasuwanci mai ɗorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref> Dunn ya kuma kasance mai suna Ingilishi a matsayin shugaban ci gaba na al'ummar Konjeihi a arewacin Ghana, yana karɓar taken girmamawa ''Tengmaale Naa'' don nuna godiya ga goyon bayansa ga ayyukan tattalin arzikin mata.<ref name=":102">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Konjeihi Women's Enterprise Centre inaugurated to enhance shea butter processing |url=https://accessagric.com/konjeihi-womens-enterprise-centre-inaugurated-to-enhance-shea-butter-processing/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Access Agric |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":172">{{Cite web |last=Awal |first=Mohammed |date=2024-02-14 |title=Baraka Impact: using shea butter to empower communities |url=https://thebftonline.com/2024/02/14/baraka-impact-using-shea-butter-to-empower-communities/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=The Business & Financial Times |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=With Wayne Dunn, corporate social responsibility advocate |url=https://reporter.mcgill.ca/with-wayne-dunn-corporate-social-responsibility-advocate/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=McGill Reporter |language=en-CA}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] riozy3r05tu2lzhk19mcwptepp5f2dq 0 128451 890532 799396 2026-08-02T10:49:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Alberta Fish and Game Association ("AFGA") kungiya ce mai ba da agaji da aka sadaukar da ita ga [[kifi]] da kiyayewa namun daji a lardin Alberta na [[Kanada]] . <ref name="cra">{{Cite web |title=Registered Charity Information Return |url=https://apps.cra-arc.gc.ca/ebci/hacc/srch/pub/dsplyRprtngPrd?q.srchNmFltr=alberta+fish+and+game&q.stts=0007&selectedCharityBn=106693351RR0001&dsrdPg=1 |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=Canada Revenue Agency |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref><ref name="afga">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.afga.org/about-us-who-we-are/ |access-date=28 September 2023 |publisher=Alberta Fish and Games Association |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928173836/https://www.afga.org/about-us-who-we-are/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kafa AFGA a cikin 1908 lokacin da ƙungiyar masu kamun kifi da mafarauta suka fara haɗuwa a [[Calgary|Calgary, Alberta]]. Ya zuwa 20 ga Oktoba, 2021, kungiyar tana da mambobi sama da 20,000. <ref name="report">{{Cite web |title=Report and Recommendations |url=https://www.afga.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/December-13-2021_Final-Version_MFPP_Report-Recommendations.pdf |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=Alberta Fish and Games Association |publisher=Alberta Fish and Game Association Membership Focus Priorities Programs Committee |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928173836/https://www.afga.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/December-13-2021_Final-Version_MFPP_Report-Recommendations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> AFGA memba ce da ta kafa wasu ƙungiyoyin kare namun daji na 'yan'uwa mata. A shekarar 1962, tare da wakilan sauran larduna 9, ta taimaka wajen kafa '''[[Canadian Wildlife Federation|Ƙungiyar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kanada]] (CWF)''' . A lokacin, an ji cewa mafarauta da masunta na Kanada da aka tsara suna buƙatar ƙungiyar ƙasa da za ta wakilci kiyaye namun daji. A yau, har yanzu AFGA da ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwanta mata daga ko'ina cikin Kanada ne kawai ke zama membobin masu zaɓe na CWF, kodayake ana tara kuɗi mai yawa daga membobin da ba sa jefa ƙuri'a. A shekarar 1997, AFGA ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa '''[[Alberta Conservation Association|Ƙungiyar Kula da Kare Hakkin Bil Adama ta Alberta]] (ACA)''' . ACA tana aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar gudanarwa da gwamnati ta wakilta, kuma tana kula da kuɗaɗen da aka karɓa musamman daga sayar da lasisin farauta da kamun kifi. A lokacin, gwamnatin lardi tana cikin wani gagarumin sake tsarawa, kuma ana barazanar karɓar dala miliyan 18 da ke cikin asusun da aka keɓe don kiyayewa daga Ma'ajin Lardi. A matsayinta na wakilin mafarauta da masunta waɗanda ke biyan wannan asusun, AFGA ta ci gaba da shiga cikin ACA. <ref name="aca">{{Cite web |title=The Conservation Community |url=https://www.ab-conservation.com/our-partners/the-conservation-community/ |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=Alberta Conservation Association |publisher=Alberta Conservation Association |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928173835/https://www.ab-conservation.com/our-partners/the-conservation-community/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == og5mmidmgbjtlmqan6jwsckk9irb470 0 129668 890544 765715 2026-08-02T11:02:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The Association of Personal Historians''' ('''APH''') kungiya ce ta kasuwanci ta kasa da kasa da ba ta ba riba ba aka sadaukar da ita don bunkasa, tallafawa da tallata aikin marubuta masu zaman kansu da ƙananan kamfanoni waɗanda ke aiki a shirya bugawa, bidiyo, da bayanan sauti da ke yin rikodin rayuwar mutane, iyalai, da al'ummomi. An kafa shi a Amurka a cikin 1995, yana da membobin duniya sama da 650 a mafi girma,<ref name="aph_about">{{Cite web |title=About APH — The Life Story People' |url=http://www.personalhistorians.org/about/about_aph_the_life_story_people.php |access-date=April 23, 2013 |website=Association of Personal Historians |archive-date=November 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110153543/http://personalhistorians.org/about/about_aph_the_life_story_people.php/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kafin ya rushe a watan Mayu 2017, saboda "ƙuntataccen kuɗi da yanayin membobin". == Tarihi == Kitty Axelson-Berry ta kafa kungiyar a shekarar 1995. Masana tarihi na sirri suna yin rikodin kuma suna gabatar da tunanin abokan ciniki da Tarihin rayuwa a cikin tsari daban-daban, gami da [[Littafi|littattafai]], sauti, [[bidiyo]], da shafukan yanar gizo na sirri. An bayar da rahoton farashin sun bambanta sosai, dangane da ayyukan da aka bayar a kowane hali. Ana amfani da ayyukan masana tarihi na sirri wajen shirya tarihin kasuwanci da sauran kungiyoyi, da kuma kamfanonin kula da dukiya don taimakawa inganta alaƙa da abokan cinikin su. Masana tarihi na mutum suna ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan Tarihin baki da jama'a ke tallafawa. An bayyana masana tarihi na sirri kamar yadda suka hada da "manema labarai, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, ma'aikatan zamantakewa, ma'aikata, masu daukar hoto, masu ilimin tsofaffi, da mutane daga wasu ayyukan taimakawa ko rubuce-rubuce", a matsayin "malamai masu ritaya, 'yan jarida, da masu warkarwa... " kuma a matsayin "masu aikin zamantakewa, 'yan kasuwa da sauransu da ke da hannu a cikin sadarwa... masu ritaya waɗanda ke son fara aiki na biyu. A kowane hali suna samar da "[yawanci] a cikin ƙungiyar mutum ɗaya na fatalwa, edita, da gidan bugawa... == Gudanarwa da rushewa == APH ta kasance karkashin jagorancin zaɓaɓɓen kwamitin daraktoci na sa kai tare da wa'adin shekaru biyu. Kungiyar ta gudanar da taron shekara-shekara ga membobinta. Kwamitin Daraktoci na 2017 ya ambaci raguwar mambobi da kuma karuwar yanayin zuwa sadarwar kan layi da haɗin gwiwa a matsayin dalilan rushewa. == Manazarta == kbyn7086babes6ftzqwa26mfahuqoi3 0 131439 890448 769865 2026-08-02T07:04:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yoshimasa Hayashi (林 芳正, Hayashi Yoshimasa; an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1961) ɗan siyasan Japan ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin [[Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications|Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Sadarwa]] tun watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025. Hayashi a baya ya rike mukamai shida na majalisa: [[Minister of Defense (Japan)|Ministan Tsaro]] (Agusta-Satumba 2008), Ministan Jiha na Tattalin Arziki da Manufofin Kudi (Yuli-Satula 2009), Ministan Noma, dazuzzuka da Kifi (Disamba 2012 - Satumba 2014, Fabrairu-Oktoba 2015), [[Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology|Ministan Ilimi, Al'adu, Wasanni, Kimiyya da Fasaha]] (Agusta 2017 - Oktoba 2018), da [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministan Harkokin Waje]] (Nuwamba 2021 - Satumba 2023), da Babban Sakataren Majalisar (Disamba 2023 - Oktoba 2025).{{Spaced en dash}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Spaced en dash}} Wani memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party, an fara zabar Hayashi a Majalisar Wakilai a shekarar 1995, inda ya yi aiki na wa'adi biyar har zuwa 2021. Ya yi murabus daga majalisar don tsayawa a Babban zaben 2021 kuma yana aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai, yana wakiltar gundumar Yamaguchi ta 3, tun daga Oktoba 2021. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Hayashi a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 1961 a [[Tokyo]] ga Yoshiro da Yoneko Hayashi . Mahaifinsa, Yoshiro Hayashi, ya kasance babban jami'in gwamnati a Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, Ciniki da Masana'antu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=林芳正事務所 |title=プロフィール {{!}} 林芳正 衆議院議員 - 林芳正 衆議院議員 |url=https://www.yoshimasa.com/profile/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |language=ja}}</ref> Iyalin sun koma gidan kakanninsu a Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, lokacin da Yoshiro ya tsaya a Babban Zabe na 32 a shekarar 1969, bayan haka ya samu nasarar fara aikinsa na siyasa wakiltar mazabar Yamaguchi ta farko. Hayashi ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Shimonoseki-Nishi a 1979 kuma ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Tokyo.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=林芳正事務所 |title=プロフィール {{!}} 林芳正 衆議院議員 - 林芳正 衆議院議員 |url=https://www.yoshimasa.com/profile/ |access-date=2024-10-26 |language=ja}}</ref> A jami'a, ya zaɓi ya yi karatun shari'ar jama'a a Shingaku Furiwake (tsarin zaɓe na ƙwarewa a tsakiyar shekara ta biyu) kuma ya kammala karatu daga Faculty of Law a shekarar 1984. A jami'ar, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta jami'a da kuma ƙungiyar mawaƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-28 |title=林芳正外務大臣の意外な欠点とは？ オペラを原語で歌えるのに…！ |url=https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/61485?page=1 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=AERA dot. (アエラドット) |language=ja}}</ref> Da farko, Hayashi ba shi da niyyar bin sawun mahaifinsa a matsayin memba na majalisa.<ref name=":1" /> Maimakon haka, ya shiga Mitsui &amp;amp; Co., maimakon ya bi aiki a daya daga cikin ma'aikatun gwamnati, wanda shine hanyar da ta dace ga wani na siyasa da ilimi. Koyaya, wani ɗan gajeren aikawa zuwa [[Nicaragua]] don sabunta kwangilar taba ya fallasa shi ga tasirin Yakin basasa da ke gudana, wanda ya sa ya fahimci muhimmancin gwamnati mai ɗorewa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=林芳正参議院議員を招き、講演会を開催 企業人政治フォーラム速報 No.214｜経団連企業人政治フォーラム |url=https://www.bpf.jp/headlines/464?page=12 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=www.bpf.jp |language=ja}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana da matsayi da yawa a kasashen waje, daya daga cikinsu yana cikin [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina, Amurka]], babban tushen taba ga Mitsui a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-28 |title=林芳正外務大臣の意外な欠点とは？ オペラを原語で歌えるのに…！ |url=https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/61485?page=1 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=AERA dot. (アエラドット) |language=ja}}</ref> Ya yanke shawarar bin aikin siyasa kuma ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa a Mitsui a shekarar 1989. Ya auri Yuko Hayashi a shekarar 1990, wanda kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Tokyo kuma ya kammala a shekarar 1988. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=林 裕子 {{!}} 研究者情報 {{!}} J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター |url=https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201801001740099331#:~:text=%E5%AD%A6%E6%AD%B4%20(4%E4%BB%B6)%EF%BC%9A,%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%20%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%83%A8%20%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=jglobal.jst.go.jp |language=ja |archive-date=2025-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907084936/https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201801001740099331#:~:text=%E5%AD%A6%E6%AD%B4%20(4%E4%BB%B6)%EF%BC%9A,%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%20%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%83%A8%20%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara karatun manufofin jama'a a Makarantar Harvard Kennedy, yayin da matarsa ta yi karatu don digiri na biyu a manufofin fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts . <ref name=":0" /> Jami'o'in biyu suna cikin Cambridge, Massachusetts, Amurka. A Amurka, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci ga Wakilin Amurka Stephen L. Neal da Sanata na Amurka William V. Roth, Jr. A matsayin ma'aikatan na ƙarshe, ya fara Mansfield Fellowship Program. == Ayyukan siyasa == === A matsayin memba na House of Councillors === [[Fayil:38._St.Gallen_Symposium-Yoshimasa_Hayashi-HSGN_028-01905.JPG|left|thumb|254x254px|Hayashi a St. Gallen a [[Switzerland]] a cikin 2011]] Hayashi ya shiga siyasa a matsayin sakatare ga mahaifinsa, Yoshiro Hayashi, lokacin da aka nada shi Ministan Kudi a cikin Ma'aikatar Miyazawa bayan sake fasalin farko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1992. An zabi Hayashi a majalisar wakilai a karo na farko a shekarar 1995. Yana wakiltar ƙarni na huɗu na 'yan siyasa a cikin iyalinsa. Ya mayar da hankali kan sake fasalin gudanarwa da haraji a farkon shekarun aikinsa na siyasa. Ya shiga Ƙungiyar Kōchikai a cikin Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party, wacce a al'adance tana da ra'ayoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, tare da jaddada wadatar tattalin arziki, dabi'u masu sassaucin ra'ayi, da hadin kan kasa da kasa, yana adawa da dogaro da kishin kasa a matsayin akidar. Mahaifinsa da tsohon Firayim Minista Kiichi Miyazawa sun kasance cikin wannan rukuni. An nada shi Mataimakin Ministan Kudi na Majalisar ({{Lang|ja|大蔵政務次官}}) a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1999, a karkashin Miyazawa, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Kudi a cikin Ma'aikatar Obuchi.<ref name=":2"/> An nada Hayashi a majalisar ministoci a karo na farko a matsayin Ministan Tsaro a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta 2008, lokacin da aka sake fasalin majalisar ministocin Fukuda. [undefined] Koyaya, Fukuda ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2008, kuma Yasukazu Hamada ya maye gurbin Hayashi.[undefined] Bayan jam'iyyarsa ta zama babbar jam'iyyar adawa a Babban zaben 2009, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Kudi na Inuwa.[2] Ya tsaya a Zaben shugaban kasa na LDP na 2012, wanda aka gudanar kafin nasarar da aka samu a Babban zaben 2012 ta ba da damar jam'iyyarsa ta koma mulki, amma wanda ya lashe shi ne Shinzo Abe. Wani dan majalisa ya ki amincewa da shi wanda ya gaya masa, 'Firai Minista ya kamata ya kasance a cikin Lower House saboda Firayim Minista na Upper House ba ya yin hadari ga kujerarsa lokacin da yake kiran zabe'. [1] ==== A matsayinta na Ministan Noma, Kayan daji da Kifi ==== [[Fayil:Yoshimasa_Hayashi_20121226.jpg|left|thumb|Hayashi a matsayin Ministan Noma a shekarar 2012]] ''a cikin'' Ma'aikatar Abe ta Biyu, wacce aka kafa a ranar 26 ga Disamba 2012, an nada Hayashi Ministan Noma, dazuzzuka da Kifi. Ya kasance a cikin wannan matsayi har zuwa 3 ga Satumba 2014, lokacin da aka kafa majalisar ministocin Abe ta uku. Lokacin da magajinsa Koya Nishikawa ya yi murabus ''daga'' ofishinsa bayan wani abin kunya, an nemi Hayashi ya koma ma'aikatar kuma ya sake aiki a matsayin Ministan Noma, gandun daji da Kifi daga 23 ga Fabrairu 2015 zuwa 7 ga Oktoba 2015. Tare da raguwar kasuwar cikin gida, yawancin manufofin noma a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa sun mai da hankali kan yin masana'antar da ke fitarwa. Ya inganta dabarun 'FBI', wanda ke nufin inganta ingantaccen abinci daga Japan zuwa kasashen waje, inganta kasuwancin abinci ta kamfanonin Japan zuwa kasashen duniya, da fitar da abinci da aka yi a Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-28 |title=林芳正外務大臣の意外な欠点とは？ オペラを原語で歌えるのに…！ |url=https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/61485?page=1 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=AERA dot. (アエラドット) |language=ja}}</ref> Fitar da abinci daga Japan, wanda ya kasance a tsaye a kusan yen biliyan 450 a kowace shekara har zuwa 2012, ya karu zuwa yen biliyan 745 ''ta hanyar'' 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-28 |title=林芳正外務大臣の意外な欠点とは？ オペラを原語で歌えるのに…！ |url=https://dot.asahi.com/articles/-/61485?page=1 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=AERA dot. (アエラドット) |language=ja}}</ref> == Rayuwar Sirri == Yana son karaoke da golf. Yana buga guitar da keyboard tare da abokan aikin LDP a cikin ƙungiyar da ake kira {{Interlanguage link|Gi!nz|ja|ギインズ}} . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] 4dc629bdk3xw0hjb1z480e30wntcjtw 0 131573 890371 770134 2026-08-02T01:10:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Melvin Wayne Osmond''' (28 ga Agusta, 1951 - 1 ga Janairu, 2025) mawakin Amurka ne. Shi ne na biyu mafi tsufa a cikin mawakan Osmond Brothers na asali kuma shi ne na huɗu mafi tsufa a cikin 'yan'uwa tara na Osmond. == Osmonds == Tun daga shekarar 1958, Wayne da 'yan uwansa uku ( Alan, Merrill, da Jay ) suka fara rera waka a matsayin ƙungiyar aski . Daga baya Jay Emerson Williams, mahaifin Andy Williams, ya gano su a shekarar 1961, a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Disneyland wanda ake ɗaukar fim ɗin Disneyland After Dark a cikin shirin ''Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color'' . A shekarar 1962, an yi wa Osmonds huɗun fim ɗin a cikin shekaru bakwai a shirin [[NBC]] na ''The Andy Williams Show'', wani shiri na kiɗa iri-iri. Bayan rashin nasarar waƙoƙin farko, MGM Records ta sanya hannu kan ƙungiyar, wanda ya sami kwarin gwiwa daga nasarar Jackson 5, kuma ta aika su zuwa Muscle Shoals, inda suka yi rikodin ''One Bad Apple'', waƙa da aka fara rubuta wa Jacksons amma kamfaninsu ya ƙi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=January 2, 2025 |title=Wayne Osmond, singer with The Osmonds, dies at 73 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20wl3957g5o |access-date=January 3, 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan 'yan'uwan Osmond huɗu an kuma jefa su a cikin shirye-shirye tara na jerin [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] Western na 1963-1964, ''The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters'', tare da Wayne a matsayin matashi Leviticus Kissel. A cikin ƙungiyar mawakan, Osmond ya buga [[Jita|guitar]] <ref name="stilltheosmondbrothers">{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Lee |date=December 27, 2018 |title=They're still the Osmond Brothers after all these years |url=https://www.deseret.com/2018/12/27/20662180/they-re-still-the-osmond-brothers-after-all-these-years |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319040437/https://www.deseret.com/2018/12/27/20662180/they-re-still-the-osmond-brothers-after-all-these-years/ |archive-date=March 19, 2024 |access-date=December 28, 2023 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> kuma wani lokacin [[Ganga|yana buga ganguna]], <ref name="cbs-obit">{{Cite web |date=January 2, 2025 |title=Wayne Osmond, brother of Donny and Marie, dies at age 73 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/wayne-osmond-dies-age-73-donny-osmond-marie-osmond-the-osmonds/ |access-date=January 3, 2025 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> da sauran kayan kida da yawa. Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, Osmond ya bayyana cewa ya koyi buga kayan kida guda takwas a lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar mawakan. <ref name="ksl-obit">{{Cite web |last=Culbertson |first=Mary |date=January 2, 2025 |title=Wayne Osmond dies at 73 |url=https://ksltv.com/722404/wayne-osmond-dies-at-73/ |access-date=January 3, 2025 |website=KSLTV.com |language=en-us |archive-date=January 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103031257/https://ksltv.com/722404/wayne-osmond-dies-at-73/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An gano cewa yana da cikakkiyar siffa kuma ya karɓi ayyukan tsara muryar daga mahaifiyarsa bayan ya isa ya yi hakan. <ref name="stilltheosmondbrothers" /> Ayyukansa na gitar da gudummawar rubuta waƙa sun yi tasiri sosai a waƙoƙin rock na ƙungiyar, tare da wani rahoto a ''Forbes'' wanda ya yaba masa a matsayin "mai yankewa (.)" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=January 2, 2025 |title=Wayne Osmond, singer with The Osmonds, dies at 73 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20wl3957g5o |access-date=January 3, 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Zuwansa na ƙarshe da aka yi niyyar yi da Osmonds shine 13 ga Oktoba, 2018; duk da haka, 'yan'uwan huɗun sun yi wasa a matsayin ƙungiya shekara guda bayan haka a shirin CBS na rana The Talk, a matsayin kyautar ranar haihuwa ga 'yar'uwarsu, Marie . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == An haifi Osmond a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 1951, ga Olive May (née Davis; 1925–2004) da George Virl Osmond (1917–2007) a Ogden, Utah. Shi ne na huɗu cikin yara tara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=January 2, 2025 |title=Wayne Osmond, singer with The Osmonds, dies at 73 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20wl3957g5o |access-date=January 3, 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kamar sauran iyalansa, shi memba ne na Cocin Yesu Kiristi na Waliyyan Ƙarshe, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Means |first=Sean P. |date=January 2, 2025 |title=Wayne Osmond, member of Utah's singing Osmond Brothers, dies at 73 |url=https://www.sltrib.com/artsliving/2025/01/02/wayne-osmond-member-utahs-singing/ |access-date=January 3, 2025 |website=The Salt Lake Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> galibi saboda yana "son(d) kasancewa ɓangare na wannan ƙungiyar," wacce ta yi daidai da ɗabi'unsa na sirri. <ref name="squeaky" /> A cikin 2004, ya ce game da imaninsa: "muna da ƙa'idar ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a mai girma da muke rayuwa da ita&nbsp;... ba wani abu ne da aka tilasta mana ba. Kowa zai iya yin abin da yake so; kowa yana da ikonsa na 'yanci. A gaskiya ma, wannan ita ce babbar kyautar Allah ga ɗan adam, ikonsa na 'yanci." <ref name="squeaky">{{Cite web |last=DeYoung |first=Bill |date=January 16, 2004 |title=After 47 years, Osmonds still squeaky-clean |url=https://www.deseret.com/2004/1/16/19806719/after-47-years-osmonds-still-squeaky-clean/ |access-date=January 3, 2025 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma lura cewa bai taɓa jin wata babbar jaraba ta shiga cikin ayyukan zunubi kamar su al'amura, maganganun batsa ko shan muggan kwayoyi ba. <ref name="squeaky" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] ===MANAZARTA=== q0iece8rp9yrczpnxfipxyaayaeqn2q 0 132447 890558 772094 2026-08-02T11:53:12Z BnHamid 12586 890558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fuller Albright''' (Janairu 12, 1900 - Disamba 8, 1969) ƙwararren likitan cututtukan zuciya ne na Amurka wanda ya ba da gudummawa da yawa a fanninsa, musamman a fannin metabolism na calcium . Albright ya yi manyan ci gaba da gudummawa wajen fahimtar cututtuka da ke da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwar calcium da phosphate a jiki. Shi ma marubuci ne da aka buga kuma a cikin littattafansa ya yi cikakken bayani game da bincikensa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Felsenfeld |first=A. J. |last2=Levine |first2=B. S. |last3=Kleeman |first3=C. R. |date=2011-05-01 |title=Fuller Albright and our current understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism |url=http://www.revistanefrologia.com/en-fuller-albright-our-current-understanding-articulo-X0211699511051934 |journal=Nefrología (English Edition) |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=346–357 |doi=10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Mar.10774 |issn=2013-2514 |pmid=21629339}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Albright a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1900, a Buffalo, New York . Shi ne ɗa na uku ga John J. Albright, wani fitaccen ɗan kasuwa kuma mai taimakon jama'a wanda ya gina Albright Art Gallery a Buffalo, da Susan Fuller, wacce ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Smith wacce ita ce matar Albright ta biyu. Albright yana da 'ya'ya uku daga aurensa na farko da kuma shida daga aurensa da Fuller. Kakanin mahaifiyarsa sune Eben da Nancy Fuller, na Lancaster, Massachusetts . Kakanin mahaifinsa sune Joseph Jacob da Elizabeth S. Albright, dukkansu daga [[Pennsylvania]] . Iyalin sun fito ne daga Andrew Albright, wani maƙerin bindiga wanda ke samar da makamai ga sojojin Rundunar Sojojin Nahiyar a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali, wanda ya zo Amurka a 1750. Joseph ya kasance mai sayar da kwal ga Kamfanin Canal na Delaware da Hudson da kuma Delaware, Lackawanna da Western Railway, kuma daga ƙarshe, Shugaban Bankin Ƙasa na Farko . <ref name="The Jekyll Island Cottage Colony" /> === Ilimi === Albright ya shiga Kwalejin Harvard yana da shekaru goma sha bakwai. Bayan kammala karatunsa ''na cum laude'' shekaru uku bayan haka, ya shiga Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard a kaka ta 1920. Duk da cewa da farko ya fara sha'awar tiyatar haihuwa da ta kashin baya, gano insulin ya ja hankalinsa ga likitancin ciki, musamman nazarin metabolism . Bayan horonsa a Asibitin Massachusetts, ya fara wani shiri na bincike na shekara guda tare da Joseph Charles Aub, musamman kan metabolism na calcium da gubar gubar . Daga baya ya zama mataimakin mazaunin Warfield Longcope a Asibitin Johns Hopkins da Makarantar Magunguna ta Johns Hopkins da ke Baltimore, inda ya yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa ba tare da ya fahimci muhimmancin su ba tare da abokinsa John Eager Howard. Daga nan ya yi shekara guda a [[Vienna]] tare da masanin cututtuka Jakob Erdheim . == Sana'a == A farkon shekarun 1930 ya koma Boston, inda ya zama memba na ma'aikatan Babban Asibitin Massachusetts (MGH). A MGH, ya haɓaka ƙungiyar bincike ta endocrinology cikin sauri. A cikin 1939, ya fara haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci na bincike tare da Anne Pappenheimer Forbes . <ref name="Kleeman">{{Cite journal |last=Kleeman |first=Charles R. |last2=Levine |first2=Barton S. |last3=Felsenfeld |first3=Arnold J. |date=October 1, 2009 |title=Fuller Albright: The consummate clinical investigator |url=https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/4/10/1541 |journal=Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology |language=en |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=1541–1546 |doi=10.2215/CJN.03030509 |issn=1555-9041 |pmid=19808238 |s2cid=207330247 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An yaba wa Albright da abubuwan da aka gano a fannin likitanci da dama. Ya bayyana polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (wani nau'in wannan cuta ''mai'' wani sinadari na endocrine wanda daga baya aka kira shi McCune-Albright syndrome ), siffofin asibiti da na cututtuka da nau'ikan hyperparathyroidism daban-daban (yawan samar da hormone na parathyroid ta hanyar glandar parathyroid ), tsarin [[Ciwon Cushing|cutar Cushing]], da kuma renal tubular acidosis (rashin iyawar kodan wajen daidaita ma'aunin acid-base a jiki), kuma ya fahimci mahimmancin daina al'ada ga osteoporosis . Ya kuma fayyace nau'ikan adrenal hyperplasia na haihuwa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Felsenfeld |first=A. J. |last2=Levine |first2=B. S. |last3=Kleeman |first3=C. R. |date=2011-05-01 |title=Fuller Albright and our current understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism |url=http://www.revistanefrologia.com/en-fuller-albright-our-current-understanding-articulo-X0211699511051934 |journal=Nefrología (English Edition) |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=346–357 |doi=10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Mar.10774 |issn=2013-2514 |pmid=21629339}}</ref> An san shi da Lightwood-Albright syndrome, wani nau'in renal tubular acidosis. === Naɗi da girmamawa === A shekarar 1941, an zaɓe Albright a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka . <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=14 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> Shi ne shugaban Ƙungiyar Binciken Asibiti ta Amurka (1943–1944), [[Association for the Study of Internal Secretions|Ƙungiyar Nazarin Sirrin Ciki]] (1945–1946) da Ƙungiyar Endocrine (1946–1947). A shekarar 1955, an zaɓe shi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa . Tun daga shekarar 1981, ƙungiyar binciken ƙashi da ma'adanai ta Amurka ke ba da kyautar Fuller Albright kowace shekara don girmama nasarorin kimiyya a fannin binciken ƙashi da ma'adinai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Felsenfeld |first=A. J. |last2=Levine |first2=B. S. |last3=Kleeman |first3=C. R. |date=2011-05-01 |title=Fuller Albright and our current understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism |url=http://www.revistanefrologia.com/en-fuller-albright-our-current-understanding-articulo-X0211699511051934 |journal=Nefrología (English Edition) |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=346–357 |doi=10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Mar.10774 |issn=2013-2514 |pmid=21629339}}</ref> * Kyautar Roche-Organnon a fannin ilimin halittar jiki (1947) * Kyautar Kwalejin Likitoci ta Amurka don Nasara a Magungunan Cikin Gida (1947) * Kyautar Borden, Ƙungiyar Kwalejojin Likitoci ta Amurka, saboda "gudummawar da ta bayar ta musamman ga fahimtar yadda ƙashi da sauran kyallen takarda ke aiki." (1949) * Kyautar Joseph Goldberger ta Majalisar Abinci da Gina Jiki ta Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Amurka (1951) * Digirin digirgir a fannin Kimiyya, [[Jami'ar Harvard]] (1955) * Ambato, Babban Asibitin Massachusetts, saboda kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun likitoci 15 waɗanda suka sami horo da wuri a asibiti (1961) == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 1930, ya haɗu da Claire Birge (1906-1990) daga Greenwich, Connecticut, 'yar Walter William Birge da Mabelle Clair Brown, kuma a shekarar 1933, suka yi aure. A matsayin kyautar aure, mahaifin Albright ya saya musu gida a Brookline, Massachusetts kusa da jagoran ƙungiyar Serge Koussevitzky . Tare, sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu: * Karanta Albright (1939-2011), wanda ya auri Jo Anne Pierson <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Felsenfeld |first=A. J. |last2=Levine |first2=B. S. |last3=Kleeman |first3=C. R. |date=2011-05-01 |title=Fuller Albright and our current understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism |url=http://www.revistanefrologia.com/en-fuller-albright-our-current-understanding-articulo-X0211699511051934 |journal=Nefrología (English Edition) |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=346–357 |doi=10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Mar.10774 |issn=2013-2514 |pmid=21629339}}</ref> * Birge Albright, (1935-2023) wacce ta auri Carol Bonomo (haihuwa 1938), marubuciya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Felsenfeld |first=A. J. |last2=Levine |first2=B. S. |last3=Kleeman |first3=C. R. |date=2011-05-01 |title=Fuller Albright and our current understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism |url=http://www.revistanefrologia.com/en-fuller-albright-our-current-understanding-articulo-X0211699511051934 |journal=Nefrología (English Edition) |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=346–357 |doi=10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Mar.10774 |issn=2013-2514 |pmid=21629339}}</ref> Albright ya kamu da [[cutar Parkinson]] a shekarar 1937. A shekarar 1956, alamun cutar sun yi tsauri sosai har ya yi gwajin tiyatar kwakwalwa, wato pallidotomy na sinadarai (share globus pallidus ta hanyar allurar barasa ). Maganin da ke hannun dama ya yi nasara, amma aikin gefen hagu ya yi rikitarwa ta hanyar zubar jini, wanda ya bar shi a hankali da suma. na sauran shekaru 13 na rayuwarsa, inda aka yi masa jinya a Babban Asibitin Massachusetts. (Daga baya, Claire ta auri Richard Horace Bassett (1900-1995), wani mai zane kuma marubuci. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Felsenfeld |first=A. J. |last2=Levine |first2=B. S. |last3=Kleeman |first3=C. R. |date=2011-05-01 |title=Fuller Albright and our current understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism |url=http://www.revistanefrologia.com/en-fuller-albright-our-current-understanding-articulo-X0211699511051934 |journal=Nefrología (English Edition) |language=en |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=346–357 |doi=10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Mar.10774 |issn=2013-2514 |pmid=21629339}}</ref> ) == Mutuwa da gado == Albright ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1969. <ref name="Kleeman">{{Cite journal |last=Kleeman |first=Charles R. |last2=Levine |first2=Barton S. |last3=Felsenfeld |first3=Arnold J. |date=October 1, 2009 |title=Fuller Albright: The consummate clinical investigator |url=https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/4/10/1541 |journal=Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology |language=en |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=1541–1546 |doi=10.2215/CJN.03030509 |issn=1555-9041 |pmid=19808238 |s2cid=207330247 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKleemanLevineFelsenfeld2009">Kleeman, Charles R.; Levine, Barton S.; Felsenfeld, Arnold J. (October 1, 2009). [https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/4/10/1541 "Fuller Albright: The consummate clinical investigator"]. ''Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology''. '''4''' (10): <span class="nowrap">1541–</span>1546. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2215/CJN.03030509|10.2215/CJN.03030509]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1555-9041 1555-9041]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19808238 19808238]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207330247 207330247].</cite></ref> An sanya [[Albright's dimple sign|wa alamar Albright dimple]] suna saboda shi. <ref name="Freiman2006">{{Cite journal |last=Freiman |first=Anatoli |last2=Kalia |first2=Sunil |last3=O'Brien |first3=Elizabeth A. |date=July 2006 |title=Dermatologic Signs |journal=Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=175–182 |doi=10.2310/7750.2006.00042 |pmid=17234116 |s2cid=44484524}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1969]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h7yv2v2dsjbddn59xx5tvgm4lstudgz 0 133315 890173 773931 2026-08-01T14:37:59Z BnHamid 12586 890173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Kashtan''' (27 Yuni 1909 - 1993) ya kasance Babban sakatare na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kanada na tsawon shekaru 23 tun daga watan Janairun 1965, watanni da yawa bayan mutuwar Leslie Morris, har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1988. Wannan jinkirin da ya samu a matsayin ya faru ne saboda adawar Tim Buck da aka yi wa nadin sa. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Kashtan a [[Montréal|Montreal]], [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]] a cikin 1909. A shekara ta 1927, yana da shekaru 18, ya shiga kungiyar Young Communist League . Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya koma kudancin Ontario don shirya YCL a can sannan ya zama babban sakataren kungiyar a 1930. A shekara ta 1936, ya taimaka wajen gano Majalisar Matasan Kanada wacce, a mafi girma, tana da mambobi sama da 400,000.<ref name="arch">{{Cite web |title=Archives Canada biography |url=http://www.archivescanada.ca/english/search/ItemDisplay.asp?sessionKey=1143412449030_206_191_57_196&l=0&lvl=2&v=0&coll=0&itm=263845&rt=1&bill=1}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024}}</ref> Ya ziyarci Spain a farkon Yaƙin basasar Spain kuma a lokacin da ya dawo ya taimaka wajen shirya Battalion Mackenzie-Papineau . <ref name="Unpublished Interview mltoday.com">{{Cite web |date=July 2006 |title=Unpublished Interview with Comrade William Kashtan, posted by MLToday, July 1st, 2006, Communist Forum |url=https://mltoday.com/unpublished-interview-with-comrade-william-kashtan |access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] ya yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya Toronto na Jam'iyyar Labor-Progressive, kamar yadda aka san Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci daga 1943 zuwa 1959, kuma ya yi aiki daga baya a matsayin darektan masana'antu, sakataren aiki da kuma mai shirya tsakiya. Ya kasance dan takara na jam'iyyar Labour-Progressive Party sannan kuma [[Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Kanada]] kuma ya zama babban sakataren jam'iyyar a shekarar 1965, duk da adawar shugaban jam'iyyar kuma shugaban dogon lokaci Tim Buck. Kashtan bai taba samun nasara a zaben House of Commons na Kanada ba, kuma ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1988. Ya kasance mai bin addinin Orthodox, mai goyon bayan Kwaminisanci na Moscow kuma ya ci gaba da tallafawa Tarayyar Soviet ta hanyar sauye-sauye daban-daban a manufofi a Kremlin. Kashtan ya yi tsayayya da Kwaminisanci na Turai a cikin shekarun 1970 lokacin da wasu Jam'iyyun Kwaminisancin da yawa a yamma suka rungume shi. == Tarihin zabe == {{Canadian election result/top|CA|1984|Trinity (electoral district)|Trinity|percent=yes|change=yes}} {{Canadian election result|CA|Liberal|[[Aideen Nicholson]]|9,811|43.59|-13.93}} {{Canadian election result|CA|NDP|David English|6,712|29.82|+7.02}} {{Canadian election result|CA|PC|Peter Rekai|5,120|22.75|+5.92}} {{Canadian election result|CA|Green|Susan Berlin|341|1.52|&ndash;}} {{Canadian election result|CA|Libertarian|Peter W. Ring|255|1.13|-0.75}} {{Canadian election result|CA|Communist|William Kashtan|195|0.87|+0.15}} {{Canadian election result|CA|PCC|Ted Ma|73||&ndash;}} {{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|22,507}} {{End}}{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1980|Trinity (electoral district)|Trinity|percent=yes|change=yes}} {{Canadian election result|CA|Liberal|[[Aideen Nicholson]]|12,628|57.52|+9.59}} {{Canadian election result|CA|NDP|Manuel Azevedo|5,005|22.80|-3.05}} {{Canadian election result|CA|PC|Richard Boraks|3,695|16.83|-5.92}} {{Canadian election result|CA|Libertarian|Vijay Basdeo|412|1.88|-0.38}} {{Canadian election result|CA|Communist|William Kashtan|159|0.72|-0.18}} {{Canadian election result|CA|Marxist-Leninist|Aili Waldman|57|0.26|-0.05}} {{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|21,956}} {{End}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1909]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nvjvv0dbekglnqf396fz3zvi8xf0ut6 0 133496 890180 774284 2026-08-01T14:43:21Z BnHamid 12586 890180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Christopher Lujack Jr.''' (/ˈluːdʒæk/; Janairu 4, 1925 - Yuli 25, 2023) ya kasance ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] na Amurka wanda ya kasance mai tsaron gida da aminci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2016 |title=The Adventures of Johnny Lujack |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOwja8TSd0Q |access-date=27 July 2023 |website=YouTube}}</ref> Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Notre Dame Fighting Irish, inda ya lashe Heisman Trophy a shekarar 1947. Ya kuma kasance dan Amurka a duka 1946 da 1947, inda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa gasar zakarun kasa a duk shekarun da suka gabata. Daga baya ya taka leda a kungiyar Chicago Bears ta National Football League (NFL) daga 1948 zuwa 1951, inda ya karbi lambar yabo ta All-Pro a shekarar 1950. == Rayuwa ta farko da kwaleji == An haifi Lujack ga Alice da John Luczak, a cikin 1925 a Connellsville, Pennsylvania, ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya maza huɗu kuma na biyar a cikin iyali na yara shida. Iyalin sun fito ne daga asalin Poland kuma sun hada da 'yan uwan Valentine ("Val"), Stanislaus ("Stan"), Victoria, Aloysius ("Allie", wanda ya ci gaba da buga wasan kwando), da kuma' yar'uwar Dolores.<ref name="SEofAL-2002-79" /><ref name="CBY-1948-404" /> Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a Pittsburgh da Lake Erie Railroad na tsawon shekaru talatin a matsayin Mai yin tukunyar ruwa.<ref name="TBofS-1971-22" /> Lujack ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Connellsville kuma ya buga wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta makarantar daga 1939 zuwa 1941. Ya kuma kasance babban shugaban aji kuma mai ba da jawabi.[1] A makarantar sakandare, ya rubuta wasika a wasanni huɗu; baseball, kwallon kafa, kwando, da waƙa Kungiyar makarantar sakandare ta Lujack ta 1941, mai suna Cokers ga ma'aikata a masana'antar niƙa kwal waɗanda ke ciyar da murhu, sun tafi 8-0-1, amma ba su yi wasa don gasar zakarun WPIAL ba saboda wasan su na ƙarshe, tare da Brownsville, ya ƙare a cikin 13-13 tie. Mutanen da ke Connellsville sun so Lujack ya je Kwalejin Sojojin Amurka (Sojoji) a West Point, har ya kai ga neman wakilin majalisa na gida don alƙawari, amma Lujack, mai sha'awar kwallon Notre Dame daga sauraron watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, yana da zuciyarsa ta fara wasa a Kudu Bend. Shi ne dalibi na farko na makarantar sakandare ta Connellsville da ya karbi alƙawari zuwa Sojoji. Lujack ya halarci Jami'ar Notre Dame, inda Frank Leahy ya ba shi tallafin karatu, daga 1942 zuwa 1943 sannan 1946 zuwa 1947. [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] ya katse aikinsa na tsawon shekaru biyu bayan kakar wasa ta biyu, a lokacin da ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in sojan ruwa na Amurka. An yi amfani da lokacinsa a cikin Sojojin Ruwa don farautar jiragen ruwa na Jamus a cikin Channel Channel a matsayin ensign. A shekara ta 1945, Johnny Lujack ya zama quarterback na Fort Pierce Amphibs, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta soja da ke Fort Pierce, Florida. == Ayyukan sana'a == An biya Lujack $ 17,000 don kakar wasa ta 1948 tare da Bears da $ 20,000 don kakar wasa na huɗu da ta ƙarshe. A cikin kakar wasa ta farko ya buga wasan tsaron baya da kicker, a lokacin da ya yi wasanni takwas don yadudduka 131 kuma ya kori 44 daga cikin karin maki 46.<ref name="WhiteM-1994-09-14" /> A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1949, Lujack ya fito a cikin shirin rediyo a kan ABC, The Adventures of Johnny Lujack, wanda ya maye gurbin Jack Armstrong, wasan kwaikwayo na All-American Boy. Shirin ne na minti 30 kuma ana watsa shi a ranar Litinin, Laraba, da Jumma'a. An watsa wasan kwaikwayon ne daga ɗakunan WGN a Birnin [[Chicago]] a kan Mutual Broadcasting System (MBS) kuma ya gudana na makonni 13. [[Fayil:John_Lujack_1948_Bowman.jpg|left|thumb|235x235px|Lujack a kan katin kwallon kafa na Bowman na 1948]] A wasan karshe na kakar 1949, Bears 9-3 sun doke abokan hamayyarsu, Chicago Cardinals (6-5-1), da ci 52-21 a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba. A cikin wannan wasan, Lujack ya jefa kwallaye shida kuma ya kafa rikodin NFL tare da yadudduka 468 masu wucewa. Daga baya Norm Van Brocklin ya karya rikodin. Shi ne dan wasan karshe na Bears da ya jefa akalla kwallaye biyar a wasan har sai Mitchell Trubisky ya jefa shida a kan Tampa Bay Buccaneers a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Citation}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]] 4fhxdkv7h4c769ukt6aeovxioub87q5 0 133624 890478 799344 2026-08-02T09:21:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rana Mungin''' (Satumba 23, 1989 - Afrilu 27, 2020), wacce aka fi sani da '''Zoe Mungin''', marubuciya ce kuma malamar Amurka. Tana aiki a kan littafinta na farko, ''Sed Ministrare'', a lokacin mutuwarta. Mungin ya mutu sakamakon [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a farkon watannin da aka fara fama da [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] bayan an hana shi yin gwaji da magani sau biyu. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Mungin a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1989, kuma ya girma a unguwar Brooklyn da ke Gabashin New York . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Bayard Rustin don Ilimin Dan Adam da Kwalejin Wellesley kafin ta yi karatun almara a Jami'ar Massachusetts, Amherst, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Fasaha a 2015. <ref name="Obituary">{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2020 |title=Obituary for Rana Zoe Mungin |url=https://www.hennesseyheightsfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Rana-Mungin/#!/Obituary |access-date=October 5, 2020 |website=Hennessey Heights Funeral Home}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, ta buga wani labari game da wani lamari na wariyar launin fata da aka yi mata a wani taron bita. <ref name="Route Nine letter">{{Cite web |last=Mungin |first=Zoe |date=December 5, 2014 |title=Dear UMass MFA |url=https://route9litmag.com/post/104412514724/dear-umass-mfa |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219075807/http://route9litmag.com/post/104412514724/dear-umass-mfa |archive-date=December 19, 2015 |access-date=October 5, 2020 |website=Route Nine}}</ref> Ɗaukar fansar da ta fuskanta bayan ta yi magana game da wannan lamari ya sa ta shigar da ƙara a hukumance ga Hukumar Yaƙi da Wariya ta Massachusetts a 2015. <ref name="Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination">{{Cite web |last=Mungin |first=Rana |date=August 13, 2015 |title=The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination |url=https://www.nepm.org/sites/wfcr/files/989241_Redacted.pdf |access-date=October 5, 2020 |website=New England Public Media |type=Complaint}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen Mungin sun bayyana a cikin mujallun adabi ''na Quarterly West'', <ref name="Quarterly West">{{Cite web |last=Mungin |first=Zoe |date=October 26, 2014 |title=Love, from Mexico |url=http://quarterlywest.press/?p=1464 |access-date=October 5, 2020 |website=Quarterly West |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928102132/http://quarterlywest.press/?p=1464 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Black Youth Project, <ref name="Black Youth Project">{{Cite web |last=Mungin |first=Zoe |date=February 4, 2015 |title=Ya Tú Sabes: Being Boricua and Morena |url=http://blackyouthproject.com/ya-tu-sabes-being-boricua-and-morena/ |access-date=October 5, 2020 |website=Black Youth Project |archive-date=October 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008092527/http://blackyouthproject.com/ya-tu-sabes-being-boricua-and-morena/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> da ''Route Nine'' . <ref name="Route Nine fiction">{{Cite web |last=Mungin |first=Zoe |date=December 6, 2013 |title=never get married |url=https://route9litmag.com/post/69165156566/never-get-married |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225092225/http://route9litmag.com/post/69165156566/never-get-married |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |access-date=October 5, 2020 |website=Route Nine}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, ta lashe kyautar AWP Intro Journals a cikin almara. An yi hira da Mungin ta ''Wellesley Underground'' da ''[[Los Angeles Review na Littattafai|Los Angeles Review of Books]]'' game da gogewarta a matsayin marubuciya 'yar bakar fata a cikin shirin MFA na MFA wanda galibi fararen fata ne. Mungin ya koyar da waƙa a Jami'ar Massachusetts, Amherst; Cibiyar Fasaha ta New Jersey ; da kuma Makarantar New School kafin ya shiga Makarantar Middle ta Bushwick Ascend a matsayin malamin nazarin zamantakewa a 2017. <ref name="Obituary"/> Mutuwar Mungin a shekarar 2020, da kuma labarin yadda aka hana ta samun kulawar lafiya a lokacin [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|annobar COVID-19]], ya jawo ce-ce-ku-ce a kafafen yada labarai da kuma kukan da ke tambayar matsalolin da ke tattare da rashin samun kulawar da ta dace. <ref name="Pete Buttigieg2">{{Cite web |last=Buttigieg |first=Pete |date=March 26, 2020 |title=A major reason for the racial maternal mortality gap is that Black patients are less likely to be believed. It will be another stain on our country if the same patterns of bias create a COVID-19 treatment gap. |url=https://twitter.com/PeteButtigieg/status/1243261540276543489 |access-date=October 5, 2020 |website=Twitter}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] 6ebiqk6c3dfxi247vyedimt524vju7m 0 133699 890191 774669 2026-08-01T14:48:20Z BnHamid 12586 890191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Apostolos Nikolaidis (Girkanci; 19 ga Afrilu 1896 - 15 ga Oktoba 1980) ɗan wasan Girka ne, manajan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ɗan kasuwa. Ya kasance babban memba na kwamitin kuma shugaban Panathinaikos A.O..O . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apostolos Nikolaidis |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/70806 |access-date=21 July 2021 |website=Olympedia}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == [[Fayil:Apostolos_Nikolaidis_1919.jpg|left|thumb|223x223px|Nikolaidis a matsayin dan wasan kwando tare da Panathinaikos a cikin 1919]] An haifi Nikolaidis a Plovdiv, Bulgaria, memba ne na al'ummar Girka. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Robert a Istanbul, ya fara zuwa Thessaloniki (inda ya yi gasa a matsayin ɗan wasa na Aris) sannan daga baya zuwa Athens a 1917 kuma ya shiga iyalin Panathinaikos . Ya kasance dan wasa ne, yayin da ya samu nasarar yin gasa a cikin decathlon, kwallon kafa, Kwando da volleyball kuma mai cin nasara a cikin direba. Ya kasance memba na tawagar Girka a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1920, a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa da kuma dan wasan motsa jiki.[1] Ya buga kwallon kafa sama da shekaru goma kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga dukkan sassan wasanni na PAO. Ya kuma zama kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Girka. A cikin 1926-27 an zabe shi shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Hellenic kuma na tsawon shekaru ashirin shugaban kungiyar Hellenic Amateur Athletic Association (1945-67). Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance shugaban kungiyar mota da yawon shakatawa ta Girka. Shekaru da yawa, ya kasance memba na kwamitin Panathinaikos A.C. kuma a 1974 ya zama shugaban kulob din. Gudummawar da ya bayar ta kasance mai mahimmanci ga sauya Panathinaikos zuwa kulob din wasanni da yawa mai nasara, ban da kwallon kafa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o782dqo8u0y7f9yshe9h9y6wb331769 0 133990 890192 775224 2026-08-01T14:48:49Z BnHamid 12586 890192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Philip Hanssen''' (18 ga Afrilu, 1944 - 5 ga Yuni, 2023) ya kasance wakilin [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] Amurka (FBI) wanda ya yi leken asiri ga ayyukan leken asiri na Soviet da Rasha a kan Amurka daga 1979 zuwa 2001. Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta bayyana aikin leken asiri a matsayin "watakila mafi munin bala'in leken asiri na tarihin Amurka".<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1979, shekaru uku bayan ya shiga FBI, Hanssen ya kusanci Babban Daraktan leken asiri na Soviet (GRU) don bayar da ayyukansa, ya fara aikin leken asiri ya farko, har zuwa 1981. Ya sake fara ayyukan leken asiri a shekarar 1985 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 1991, lokacin da ya ƙare sadarwa a lokacin rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, yana tsoron za a fallasa shi. Hanssen ya sake fara sadarwa a shekara mai zuwa kuma ya ci gaba har sai an kama shi. A duk lokacin da yake leken asiri, ya kasance ba a san shi ba ga Rasha. Hanssen ya sayar da kusan takardu dubu shida ga KGB wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da dabarun Amurka a yayin Yaƙin nukiliya, ci gaba a cikin fasahar makamai na soja, da kuma fannoni na shirin leken asiri na Amurka. hana leken asiri a lokaci guda da Aldrich Ames a cikin [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]] (CIA). Dukansu Ames da Hanssen sun lalata sunayen jami'an KGB da ke aiki a asirce ga Amurka, wasu daga cikinsu an kashe su saboda cin amanarsu kuma wannan jami'in [[NKVD]], Victor Cherkashin ne ke gudanar da su. Hanssen ya kuma bayyana wani Ramin sauraro na miliyoyin daloli wanda FBI ta gina a karkashin Ofishin Jakadancin Soviet. Bayan kama Ames a shekara ta 1994, wasu daga cikin wadannan laifuffuka sun kasance ba a warware su ba, kuma binciken wani ɗan leƙen asiri ya ci gaba. FBI ta biya dala miliyan 7 ga wakilin KGB don samun fayil a kan wani ɓoye wanda ba a san shi ba, wanda FBI daga baya ta gano shi a matsayin Hanssen ta hanyar yatsa da nazarin murya.{{Spaces}} An kama Hanssen a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2001, a Foxstone Park, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> kusa da gidansa a Washington, DC unguwar Vienna, Virginia, bayan ya bar kunshin kayan da aka rarraba a wani wuri mai mutuwa. An tuhume shi da sayar da takardun leken asiri na Amurka ga Tarayyar Soviet sannan kuma Rasha don sama da dala miliyan 1.4 a tsabar kudi, lu'u-lu'u da Rolex suna kallo sama da shekaru ashirin da biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 21, 2002 |title=Secret Passage |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2002-04-21-0204210451-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503014942/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2002-04-21-0204210451-story.html |archive-date=May 3, 2023 |access-date=May 3, 2023 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> Don kauce wa hukuncin kisa, Hanssen ya yi ikirarin aikata laifuka 14 na leken asiri da kuma daya daga cikin makirci don yin leken asiri. <ref name="transcript">{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2001 |title=Transcript of Hanssen Guilty Plea |url=https://cryptome.wikileaks.org/usa-v-rph-gp.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006033849/https://cryptome.wikileaks.org/usa-v-rph-gp.htm |archive-date=October 6, 2018 |access-date=February 22, 2007}}</ref> An yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai 15 ba tare da yiwuwar sallama ba kuma an tsare shi a kurkuku a ADX Florence har zuwa mutuwarsa a 2023. <ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Robert Hanssen, former FBI agent convicted of spying for Russia, dead at 79 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/robert-hanssen-dies-convicted-spying-for-russia-dead-age-79/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605201156/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/robert-hanssen-dies-convicted-spying-for-russia-dead-age-79/ |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Hanssen a Birnin Chicago, Illinois, ga dangin Lutheran da ke zaune a unguwar Norwood Park . Mahaifinsa, Howard (ya mutu a shekara ta 1993), Jami'in 'yan sanda na Chicago, an yi zargin cewa yana da mummunar zalunci ga Hanssen a lokacin yaro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Hanssen ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar sakandare ta William Howard Taft a 1962 kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Knox a [[Galesburg, Illinois]], inda ya sami digiri na farko a ilmin sunadarai a shekarar 1966. Hanssen ya nemi aikin cryptography a [[Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa]] bayan kammala karatunsa na kwaleji amma an ƙi shi saboda matsalolin kasafin kuɗi. Ya shiga makarantar likitan hakora a Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma, amma ya sauya mayar da hankali ga kasuwanci bayan shekaru uku. Hanssen ya sami MBA a cikin lissafi da tsarin bayanai a cikin 1971 kuma ya ɗauki aiki tare da kamfanin lissafi. Ya bar bayan shekara guda kuma ya shiga Sashen 'yan sanda na Chicago a matsayin mai binciken Harkokin cikin gida, ƙwararre a lissafin lissafi. A watan Janairun 1976, Hanssen ya bar 'yan sanda na Chicago don shiga [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI). Hanssen ya sadu da Bernadette "Bonnie" Wauck, mai tsayin daka na [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]], yayin da yake halartar makarantar likitan hakora a Arewa maso yamma. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 1968, kuma Hanssen ya tuba daga addinin Lutheran zuwa Katolika. == Ayyuka da leken asiri == === Ayyukan FBI da ayyukan leken asiri na farko (1976-1981) === Bayan ya zama wakili na musamman a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1976, an tura Hanssen zuwa ofishin FBI a Gary, Indiana. A shekara ta 1978, shi da iyalinsa masu girma na yara uku (daga baya shida) sun koma Birnin New York lokacin da ofishin ya tura shi ofishinsa a can.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> A shekara ta gaba, an sauya Hanssen zuwa leken asiri kuma an ba shi aikin tattara bayanan leken asiri na Soviet don FBI.<ref name="death">{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Robert Hanssen, former FBI agent convicted of spying for Russia, dead at 79 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/robert-hanssen-dies-convicted-spying-for-russia-dead-age-79/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605201156/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/robert-hanssen-dies-convicted-spying-for-russia-dead-age-79/ |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1979, Hanssen ya kusanci Babban Daraktan Lantarki na Soviet (GRU) kuma ya ba da ayyukansa. Bai taba nuna wani dalili na siyasa ko akida ba don ayyukansa, yana gaya wa FBI bayan an kama shi cewa kawai dalilinsa shine kudi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> A lokacin da ya fara aikin leken asiri, Hanssen ya ba da bayanai masu yawa ga GRU, gami da cikakkun bayanai game da ayyukan FBI da kuma jerin wadanda ake zargi da jami'an leken asiri na Soviet. Mafi mahimmancin ɓoye-ɓoye shi ne cin amanar Dmitri Polyakov, mai ba da labari na [[C.I.A|CIA]] wanda ya ba da bayanai masu yawa ga masu leken asirin Amurka yayin da yake hawa zuwa matsayin janar a cikin Sojojin Soviet. Bayan cin amanar CIA ta biyu Aldrich Ames a 1985, an kama Polyakov a 1986 kuma an kashe shi a 1988. An zargi Ames da ba da sunan Polyakov ga Soviets, yayin da ba a bayyana yunkurin Hanssen ba har sai bayan kama shi a shekara ta 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> === Rukunin leken asiri na FBI, ƙarin ayyukan leken asiri (1985-1991) === [[Fayil:Ellis_dead_drop.jpg|thumb|Wurin da aka kashe "Ellis" a Foxstone Park wanda Hanssen ya yi amfani da shi, gami da ranar da aka kama shi.]] A cikin 1981, an tura Hanssen zuwa Hedikwatar FBI a Washington, DC, kuma ya sake komawa iyalinsa zuwa unguwar Vienna, Virginia. Sabon aikinsa a ofishin kasafin kudin FBI ya ba shi damar samun bayanai da suka shafi ayyukan FBI daban-daban. Wannan ya haɗa da duk ayyukan FBI da suka shafi sauraron waya da sa ido na lantarki, wanda shine alhakin Hanssen. Ya zama sananne a cikin FBI a matsayin gwani a kan kwamfutoci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Shekaru uku bayan haka, Hanssen ya sauya zuwa sashin bincike na Soviet na FBI, wanda ke da alhakin nazarin, ganowa, da kuma kama 'yan leƙen asirin Soviet da ma'aikatan leken asiri a Amurka. Sashe na Hanssen ya kimanta jami'an Soviet waɗanda suka ba da kansu don ba da leken asiri don sanin ko su wakilai ne na gaskiya ko kuma masu sau biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1985, an sake tura Hanssen zuwa ofishin FBI a Birnin New York, inda ya ci gaba da aiki a kan leken asiri a kan Soviets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2002 |title=A Review of FBI Security Programs (Webster Report) |url=https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107040304/https://fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fbi/websterreport.html |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Bayan canja wurin, yayin da yake ziyarar kasuwanci zuwa Washington, ya ci gaba da aikin leken asiri. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qb62x4254h9vy2zv9apw48opba3gou1 0 134155 890188 775545 2026-08-01T14:46:53Z BnHamid 12586 890188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amalia, Lady Fleming''', (née '''Koutsouri''', tsohon '''Vourekas'''; [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: Αμαλία Κουτσούρη-Φλέμι Commonwealth; 28 Yuni 1912 - 26 Fabrairu 1986) likita ce ta Girka, Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta, mai fafutuka kare hakkin dan adam kuma [[ɗan siyasa]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Fleming a [[Istanbul|Constantinople]], [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] (yanzu Istanbul, Turkiyya), a cikin 1912. Mahaifinta shi ne Harikios Koutsouris, likita. A shekara ta 1914, tare da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na farko da kuma tasowa na "jiha mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Pan-Turkish", tare da gidan iyali ya ɓace kuma an kwace dakin gwaje-gwaje na mahaifinta, ta gudu zuwa Athens tare da iyalinta. Ta yi karatun likitanci, kuma musamman ilmin ƙwayoyin cuta, a Jami'ar Athens . Daga 1938 zuwa 1944 ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin ƙwayoyin cuta a asibitin Athens City . Ta auri Manoli Vourekas, masanin gine-gine. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1941 sojojin Axis na Jamus da Italiya sun mamaye Girka. Amalia da mijinta sun shiga kungiyar Greek Resistance . Ta taimaka wa sojoji da yawa na Burtaniya, New Zealand da Girka su tsere daga Girka da aka mamaye, ta rubuta watsa shirye-shiryen BBC, kuma ta samar da katunan shaida na karya ga Yahudawa na Girka da jami'an kasashen waje. Italiyanci sun kama ta kuma sun tsare ta saboda ayyukanta. Ta yi kamar tana da appendicitis yayin da ta san za a tura ta asibitin kurkuku inda zai fi sauƙi a tsere. Bayan aikinta na ƙarin bayani, an mika ta ga Gestapo kuma an yanke mata hukuncin kisa. A shekara ta 1944 sojojin Burtaniya sun cece ta daga kurkuku a lokacin da Allied suka ci gaba zuwa Girka. == Landan == Tare da ƙarshen yaƙin, Girka ta lalace kuma dubban mutane sun mutu. A shekara ta 1947 Yaƙin basasar Girka ya ɓarke tsakanin mayakan da ke karkashin jagorancin Kwaminisanci da sojojin gwamnatin Girka na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Amalia da mijinta sun sake aure. Ta hanyar sa'a mai kyau a 1947 ta yi nasara a aikace-aikacen ta don tallafin karatu na Majalisar Burtaniya wanda ya ba ta damar yin karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilmin ƙwayoyin cuta a Asibitin St. Mary, London. A can ta yi aiki tare da Sir Alexander Fleming a Cibiyar Nazarin Microbiology ta Wright-Fleming . Ta wallafa littattafan bincike tara tsakanin Mayu 1947 da Agusta 1952 kuma ta yi aiki tare da Sir Alexander Fleming a kan takardu da yawa. Ta auri Sir Alexander Fleming a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1953, bayan mutuwar matarsa ta farko, amma tare da mutuwarsa a ranar 11 ga Maris 1955 ta zama gwauruwa kasa da shekaru biyu bayan haka. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2x8tkezw724393ws9qq1bp3inwfvjhf 0 134283 890562 775755 2026-08-02T11:56:24Z BnHamid 12586 890562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kostas Skarvelis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: , 1880 - 8 Afrilu 1942) ya kasance mawaki ne na Girkanci na shahararrun kiɗa, na nau'in ''rembetiko'' (ρεμπέτικο). Ya kuma rubuta kalmomin waƙoƙinsa kuma ya kasance mai kunna [[Jita|guitar]] mai kyau, bayan ya shiga cikin rikodin da yawa. == Rayuwa == An haifi Skarvelis kuma ya girma a Constantinople, [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]], wanda a lokacin har yanzu yana da yawan mutanen Girka.[a] Saboda matsalolin da ba a bayyana ba, a lokacin yarinta bai iya halartar makarantar Girka ba, saboda haka ba shi da ƙwarewar rubutu. Duk da haka ya sami damar bin sha'awarsa ga kiɗa kuma ya kasance, tun yana da shekaru 17, ya zama mai kunna guitar mai kyau. Da farko a lokacin da ya girma ya tsere daga kasar, ba zai sake dawowa ba, don kauce wa shiga cikin Sojojin Turkiyya. Ya fara zama a Alexandria a Misira kuma daga ƙarshe a Athens, Girka wani lokaci tsakanin 1915 da 1920. Kafin ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ƙwararren mawaƙi, Skarvelis ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriyar ƙwararre a cikin ƙera takalma masu alatu. Bayan shan kashi na Sojojin Girka a Asiya Ƙananan a 1922 da kuma korar yawancin Helenawa daga Turkiyya (kuma a ƙarshe musayar jama'a), Skarvelis ya sake haɗuwa a Girka tare da mawaƙa da yawa daga waɗancan yankuna waɗanda suka zo a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira kuma tare da su ya raba asalin kiɗa. Shahararrun daga cikinsu sun kasance Antonis Diamantidis (Dalgkas), Kostas Karipis, Spyros Peristeris, Rita Abatzi, Grigoris Asikis . A lokacin ne ya fara aikin sana'arsa, da farko a matsayin mai kunna guitar sannan daga baya a matsayin mawaƙi. Skarvelis daga ƙarshe ya tashi zuwa matsayin darektan fasaha a masana'antar rikodin a cikin 1930. Daga wannan matsayi ya ci gaba da rinjayar juyin halitta na kiɗa na Girka. Ya kuma taimaka tare da kayan aiki kuma a matsayin guitarist a cikin rikodin mafi yawan mawaƙa da masu fasaha da ya yi aiki tare. == Ayyuka == Skarvelis ya kirkiro daruruwan waƙoƙi (rikodin sun tsira daga sama da 200 daga cikinsu). Mawakin da ya yi aiki tare don yin rikodin waƙoƙinsa sun haɗa da [[Giorgos Kavouras]], [[Rita Abatzi]], Kostas Roukounas, Stellakis Perpiniadis, [[Marika Frantzeskopoulou]], [[Kostas Tsanakos]], Markos Vamvakaris, Apostolos Chatzichristos . Daga cikin wadanda, rabon zaki na Kavouras ne. A matsayinsa na marubuci, Skarvelis galibi ya rubuta waƙoƙi game da soyayya. Yawancin su suna cikin nau'in ''Hasapic'' (χασάπικο), wanda ya bincika duk bambance-bambance. Ana ɗaukar sa hannun kiɗa mafi wakiltar al'adar kiɗa ta birane ta Constantinopolitan. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0mf4v6rd37tcn7zo160h7ot3tsezd60 890563 890562 2026-08-02T11:58:48Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 890563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kostas Skarvelis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: , 1880 - 8 Afrilu 1942) ya kasance mawaki ne na Girkanci na shahararrun kiɗa, na nau'in ''rembetiko'' (ρεμπέτικο). Ya kuma rubuta kalmomin waƙoƙinsa kuma ya kasance mai kunna [[Jita|guitar]] mai kyau, bayan ya shiga cikin rikodin da yawa. == Rayuwa == An haifi Skarvelis kuma ya girma a Constantinople,{{ref|no_anachronism|[a]}} [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]], wanda a lokacin har yanzu yana da yawan mutanen Girka.[a] Saboda matsalolin da ba a bayyana ba, a lokacin yarinta bai iya halartar makarantar Girka ba, saboda haka ba shi da ƙwarewar rubutu. Duk da haka ya sami damar bin sha'awarsa ga kiɗa kuma ya kasance, tun yana da shekaru 17, ya zama mai kunna guitar mai kyau. Da farko a lokacin da ya girma ya tsere daga kasar, ba zai sake dawowa ba, don kauce wa shiga cikin Sojojin Turkiyya. Ya fara zama a Alexandria a Misira kuma daga ƙarshe a Athens, Girka wani lokaci tsakanin 1915 da 1920. Kafin ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ƙwararren mawaƙi, Skarvelis ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriyar ƙwararre a cikin ƙera takalma masu alatu. Bayan shan kashi na Sojojin Girka a Asiya Ƙananan a 1922 da kuma korar yawancin Helenawa daga Turkiyya (kuma a ƙarshe musayar jama'a), Skarvelis ya sake haɗuwa a Girka tare da mawaƙa da yawa daga waɗancan yankuna waɗanda suka zo a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira kuma tare da su ya raba asalin kiɗa. Shahararrun daga cikinsu sun kasance Antonis Diamantidis (Dalgkas), Kostas Karipis, Spyros Peristeris, Rita Abatzi, Grigoris Asikis . A lokacin ne ya fara aikin sana'arsa, da farko a matsayin mai kunna guitar sannan daga baya a matsayin mawaƙi. Skarvelis daga ƙarshe ya tashi zuwa matsayin darektan fasaha a masana'antar rikodin a cikin 1930. Daga wannan matsayi ya ci gaba da rinjayar juyin halitta na kiɗa na Girka. Ya kuma taimaka tare da kayan aiki kuma a matsayin guitarist a cikin rikodin mafi yawan mawaƙa da masu fasaha da ya yi aiki tare. == Ayyuka == Skarvelis ya kirkiro daruruwan waƙoƙi (rikodin sun tsira daga sama da 200 daga cikinsu). Mawakin da ya yi aiki tare don yin rikodin waƙoƙinsa sun haɗa da [[Giorgos Kavouras]], [[Rita Abatzi]], Kostas Roukounas, Stellakis Perpiniadis, [[Marika Frantzeskopoulou]], [[Kostas Tsanakos]], Markos Vamvakaris, Apostolos Chatzichristos . Daga cikin wadanda, rabon zaki na Kavouras ne. A matsayinsa na marubuci, Skarvelis galibi ya rubuta waƙoƙi game da soyayya. Yawancin su suna cikin nau'in ''Hasapic'' (χασάπικο), wanda ya bincika duk bambance-bambance. Ana ɗaukar sa hannun kiɗa mafi wakiltar al'adar kiɗa ta birane ta Constantinopolitan.<ref>{{in lang|el}} {{cite news |author = [[Panos Geramanis|Πάνος Γεραμάνης]] ''(Panos Geramanis)'' |title = 450 ρεμπέτικα σε 23 CD ''(450 rembetic songs in 23 CDs)'' |publisher = [[Ta Nea|Τα Νέα]] (Ta Nea) |date= 27 January 1999 |url = http://ta-nea.dolnet.gr/print_article.php?e=A&f=16350&m=P09&aa=1 |accessdate = 2007-07-09}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{in lang|el}} {{cite news |author = [[Nearchos Georgiadis|Νέαρχος Γεωργιάδης]] ''(Nearchos Georgiadis)'' |title = Περιοδολόγηση του Λαϊκού (Ρεμπέτικου) τραγουδιού ''(Periodisation of the Popular (Rembetic) song(s)'' |publisher = Κλίκα (Klika - internet magazine) |date= November 2006 |url = http://www.klika.gr/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=72&Itemid=31&limit=1&limitstart=1&date=2006-06-01 |accessdate = 2007-07-09}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} </ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ewb5hbb77oa91ctrf7m4tnbhbhzacg2 0 135022 890183 777151 2026-08-01T14:44:40Z BnHamid 12586 890183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gordon Bertie (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Agusta 1948) ɗan kokawa ne mai ritaya daga jirgin sama na Kanada wanda ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 1975, kuma ya zo na biyu a shekarar 1976. A farkon shekarar 1974 ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar British Commonwealth Games da kuma tagulla a gasar cin kofin duniya. Bertie ya fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1972 da 1976 kuma ya zo na shida a shekarar 1972. A gasar Pan American Games ya zo na hudu a shekarar 1975 kuma ya zo na biyar a shekarar 1971. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] qn2bvj3h5zm2ad45xoodw2qhjvlsiz7 0 135885 890151 890043 2026-08-01T14:29:23Z BnHamid 12586 Ingantawa 890151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elena Panaritis''' (Girkanci) masanin tattalin arziki ne, [[Kasuwancin zamantakewa|ɗan kasuwa na zamantakewa]], kuma tsohuwar 'yar siyasa da aka sani da aikinta a cikin tattalin arziki da sake fasalin haƙƙin mallaka. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Girka kuma ta rike mukamin ba da shawara a Bankin Duniya, inda ta haɓaka samfuran don haɗa tattalin arzikin da ba na al'ada ba a cikin kasuwar al'ada, musamman a Peru. A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa Thought for Action (T4Action), Panaritis yana ba da shawara ga manufofi da ke inganta hada tattalin arziki da nuna gaskiya a cikin tattalin arziki mai tasowa da wahala. == Rayuwa ta farko da karatu == An haifi Elena Panaritis a Athens, Girka.<ref>Former MPs, [[Hellenic Parliament]] Archives</ref> Ta yi karatun Tattalin Arziki a Kwalejin Amurka ta Girka, ta kammala karatu tare da BA a shekarar 1989, kuma ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Bologna [[Italiya]], don samun digiri na biyu a Tattalin Ruwa na Duniya, a shekarar 1990. A shekara ta 1992, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki na kasa da kasa da nazarin Turai daga Makarantar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins kuma a shekara ta 2003 ta sami digiri ya biyu a fannonin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga INSEAD . A lokacin karatunta, Panaritis ta mayar da hankali kan ka'idar tattalin arziki, kudi na kasa da kasa, da tattalin arzikin ma'aikata, fannoni waɗanda daga baya za su zama tushen aikinta kan haƙƙin mallaka da sake fasalin tattalin arziki. Ilimi a Johns Hopkins ya fallasa ta ga ra'ayoyin duniya game da manufofin tattalin arziki, wanda ya haifar da sha'awar amfani da kayan aikin tattalin arziki don magance abubuwan da ke haifar da talauci da ci gaba. == Bankin Duniya == Panaritis ya fara aiki a Bankin Duniya, Washington, DC, a cikin 1991, a matsayin mai sharhi na yanki. A matsayinta na Mataimakin Jami'in Kasar na Peru, ta kula da shirye-shiryen mallakar jihar da sake fasalin bashin. Ta kuma taimaka wajen tsara yanayin da aka amince da shi tare da ƙasashen Latin Amurka, kamar Brazil, Peru, da Venezuela, don ba da rance na gyare-gyare, gyare- gyare-shiryen kasafin kuɗi da keɓancewa. A matsayinta na kwararren kwararren kula da bangarorin jama'a / masu zaman kansu a Bankin Duniya, Panaritis ya yi aiki, a tsakanin sauran shirye-shirye, a kan sake fasalin haƙƙin mallaka a [[Filipin|Philippines]], da kuma sake fasalin shari'a a [[Trinidad da Tobago]], kuma ya tsara yanayin rancen dala miliyan 100 ga [[Moroko|Maroko]]. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2023}} ==Ilimi== Tun daga shekarar 2001, Panaritis malama ce daga wata makaranta (visiting lecturer) da ke koyawa a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8b25bpsvybgnug5fsrtoua1vcuim41w 890152 890151 2026-08-01T14:29:52Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 890152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elena Panaritis''' (Girkanci) masanin tattalin arziki ne, [[Kasuwancin zamantakewa|ɗan kasuwa na zamantakewa]], kuma tsohuwar 'yar siyasa da aka sani da aikinta a cikin tattalin arziki da sake fasalin haƙƙin mallaka. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Girka kuma ta rike mukamin ba da shawara a Bankin Duniya, inda ta haɓaka samfuran don haɗa tattalin arzikin da ba na al'ada ba a cikin kasuwar al'ada, musamman a Peru. A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa Thought for Action (T4Action), Panaritis yana ba da shawara ga manufofi da ke inganta hada tattalin arziki da nuna gaskiya a cikin tattalin arziki mai tasowa da wahala. == Rayuwa ta farko da karatu == An haifi Elena Panaritis a Athens, Girka.<ref>Former MPs, [[Hellenic Parliament]] Archives</ref> Ta yi karatun Tattalin Arziki a Kwalejin Amurka ta Girka, ta kammala karatu tare da BA a shekarar 1989, kuma ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Bologna [[Italiya]], don samun digiri na biyu a Tattalin Ruwa na Duniya, a shekarar 1990. A shekara ta 1992, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki na kasa da kasa da nazarin Turai daga Makarantar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins kuma a shekara ta 2003 ta sami digiri ya biyu a fannonin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga INSEAD . A lokacin karatunta, Panaritis ta mayar da hankali kan ka'idar tattalin arziki, kudi na kasa da kasa, da tattalin arzikin ma'aikata, fannoni waɗanda daga baya za su zama tushen aikinta kan haƙƙin mallaka da sake fasalin tattalin arziki. Ilimi a Johns Hopkins ya fallasa ta ga ra'ayoyin duniya game da manufofin tattalin arziki, wanda ya haifar da sha'awar amfani da kayan aikin tattalin arziki don magance abubuwan da ke haifar da talauci da ci gaba. == Bankin Duniya == Panaritis ya fara aiki a Bankin Duniya, Washington, DC, a cikin 1991, a matsayin mai sharhi na yanki. A matsayinta na Mataimakin Jami'in Kasar na Peru, ta kula da shirye-shiryen mallakar jihar da sake fasalin bashin. Ta kuma taimaka wajen tsara yanayin da aka amince da shi tare da ƙasashen Latin Amurka, kamar Brazil, Peru, da Venezuela, don ba da rance na gyare-gyare, gyare- gyare-shiryen kasafin kuɗi da keɓancewa. A matsayinta na kwararren kwararren kula da bangarorin jama'a / masu zaman kansu a Bankin Duniya, Panaritis ya yi aiki, a tsakanin sauran shirye-shirye, a kan sake fasalin haƙƙin mallaka a [[Filipin|Philippines]], da kuma sake fasalin shari'a a [[Trinidad da Tobago]], kuma ya tsara yanayin rancen dala miliyan 100 ga [[Moroko|Maroko]]. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2023}} ==Ilimi== Tun daga shekarar 2001, Panaritis malama ce daga wata makaranta (visiting lecturer) da ke koyawa a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite book |last=Panaritis |first=Elena |title=Prosperity Unbound: Building Property Markets With Trust |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2007 |doi=10.1057/9780230596221 |isbn=978-1-4039-9346-5 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230596221 |access-date=2026-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CV |url=https://www.elenapanaritis.com/cv/ |website=Elena Panaritis |access-date=2026-03-03}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4clwt4id92za0wo6ft39rm0bbzydcde 0 136117 890198 779089 2026-08-01T14:51:31Z BnHamid 12586 890198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Boothroyd, Baroness Boothroyd''' (8 ga Oktoba 1929 - 26 ga Fabrairu 2023), 'yar siyasa ce ta Birtaniya wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Dokoki (MP) ta West Bromwich da West Bromwich West daga 1973 zuwa 2000. 'Yar jam'iyyar Labour ce, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai daga 1992 zuwa 2000. A da ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugaba daga 1987 zuwa 1992. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Ita ce ta farko kuma {{As of|2025}} , mace ɗaya tilo da ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba. Daga baya Boothroyd ta zauna a Majalisar Iyaye a matsayin, bisa ga al'ada, abokiyar zama . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Boothroyd a Dewsbury, Yorkshire, a shekarar 1929, a matsayin ɗa tilo ga Ben Archibald Boothroyd (1886–1948) da matarsa ta biyu Mary ( née Butterfield, 1901–1982), waɗanda dukkansu ma'aikatan masaku ne. Ta yi karatu a makarantun kansiloli kuma ta ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Kasuwanci da Fasaha ta Dewsbury (yanzu Kwalejin Kirklees ). Daga 1946 zuwa 1952, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa, a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Tiller Girls, [1] ta bayyana a London Palladium na ɗan lokaci. Ciwon ƙafa ya kawo ƙarshen aikinta na rawa kuma ta shiga siyasa, wani abu da ba a saba gani ba a lokacin, domin duniyar siyasa ta kasance ƙarƙashin rinjayen maza kuma galibi masu kuɗi ne. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950 zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1950, Boothroyd ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare ga 'yan majalisar Labour Barbara Castle <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> da Geoffrey de Freitas . A shekarar 1960, ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don ganin kamfen ɗin Kennedy . Daga baya ta yi aiki a Washington, DC a matsayin mataimakiyar majalisa ga ɗan majalisar dokokin Amurka Silvio Conte, tsakanin 1960 da 1962. Lokacin da ta koma Landan, ta ci gaba da aikinta na sakatare da mataimakiyar siyasa ga manyan 'yan siyasa na Labour daban-daban, ciki har da Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje Harry Walston . A shekarar 1965, an zaɓe ta a kujera a Majalisar Hammersmith Borough Council, a gundumar Gibbs Green, inda ta ci gaba har zuwa 1968. <ref name="ou">{{Cite web |title=Exhibition: Betty Boothroyd |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/library/digital-archive/exhibition/91/theme/1/page/1 |access-date=3 May 2022 |publisher=[[Open University]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> == Ɗan Majalisa == Boothroyd, wanda ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Labour, ya tsaya takara a kujeru da dama.&nbsp;– Leicester South East a shekarar 1957, Peterborough a shekarar 1959, Nelson da Colne a shekarar 1968, da Rossendale a shekarar 1970 – kafin a zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki (MP) ga West Bromwich a zaɓen maye gurbi a shekarar 1973. <ref name="ou">{{Cite web |title=Exhibition: Betty Boothroyd |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/library/digital-archive/exhibition/91/theme/1/page/1 |access-date=3 May 2022 |publisher=[[Open University]]}}</ref> Ta wakilci mazabar tsawon shekaru 27. A shekarar 1974, an naɗa Boothroyd mataimakiyar mai tsawatarwa ta gwamnati. A shekarar 1975, ta zama memba da gwamnati ta naɗa a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta wancan lokacin (ECSC) har sai da aka sallame ta a shekarar 1977. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mathers |first=Matt |last2=Jane Dalton |date=2023-03-29 |title=Sunak and Starmer pay tribute to Betty Boothroyd at funeral of first woman speaker |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/betty-boothroyd-funeral-commons-speaker-b2309994.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1979, ta zama memba na kwamitin zaɓe kan harkokin waje, har zuwa 1981, da kuma kwamitin shugabanni, har zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2000. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Baroness Boothroyd |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=UK Parliament – MPs and Lords}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Labour (NEC) daga 1981 zuwa 1987, <ref name=":0" /> da kuma Kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai daga 1983 zuwa 1987. === Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa da Shugaban Majalisa === [[Fayil:Betty_Boothroyd's_Speaker's_shoe1992_(22758817746).jpg|thumb|Takalmin Kakakin Boothroyd a cikin Laburaren Mata]] Bayan zaɓen gama gari na 1987, Boothroyd ta zama Mataimakiyar Kakakin Majalisa ga Kakakin Majalisa Bernard Weatherill . Ita ce mataimakiyar Shugabar Majalisa ta biyu a tarihin Birtaniya bayan Betty Harvie Anderson . A shekarar 1992 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugaba, ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙami. An yi muhawara game da ko Boothroyd ya kamata ta sanya hular Shugaban Majalisa ta gargajiya. Ta zaɓi kada ta yi amma ta ce duk wani Kakakin Majalisa da zai biyo baya zai sami 'yancin zaɓar ta sanya hular ko a'a; babu wanda ya taɓa yin hakan tun daga lokacin. A martanin muhawarar kan yadda ya kamata a kira ta da Shugaba, Boothroyd ta ce: "Kira ni Madam". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1993, Gwamnati ta sami kuri'a a kan Sashen Zamantakewa na Yarjejeniyar Maastricht saboda kuri'ar da ta kada (wanda aka yi bisa ga dokar Kakakin Majalisa Denison ). Daga baya aka gano cewa ba a buƙatar kuri'ar da ta kada ba, domin an yi kuskuren rage ƙuri'un, kuma Gwamnati ta yi nasara da ƙuri'a ɗaya. Tana da sha'awar sa matasa su sha'awar siyasa, kuma a shekarun 1990 ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo na musamman a shirin BBC na yara na Asabar da safe ''Live &amp;amp; Kicking'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Kalmomin da ta sanya wa hannu a lokacin rufe Tambayoyin Firayim Minista kowane mako shine "Lokaci ya yi!" A ranar 12 ga Yuli 2000, bayan tambayoyin Firayim Minista, Boothroyd ta sanar da Majalisar Wakilai cewa za ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na Kakakin Majalisa bayan hutun bazara. [[Tony Blair]], Firayim Minista a lokacin, ya girmama ta a matsayin "wani abu na cibiya ta ƙasa". Magabacin Blair, [[John Major]], ya bayyana ta a matsayin "Mai magana da yawun Majalisa". Ta sauka daga matsayinta na Kakakin Majalisa ta kuma yi murabus daga matsayinta na 'Yan Majalisa a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> === Matsakaicin rayuwar da ayyukan da suka gabata === An ba Boothroyd digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Civil Law (Hon DCL) daga Jami'ar City London a shekarar 1993. Ta kasance shugabar jami'ar Open University daga 1994 zuwa Oktoba 2006 kuma ta ba da wasu takardunta na sirri ga tarihin Jami'ar. A watan Maris na 1995, an ba ta digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Open University a matsayin Doctor of the University (DUniv). A shekarar 1999 an ba ta digirin girmamawa na Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Zane biyu na Boothroyd sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarin zane-zane na majalisar dokoki tun daga 1994 da 1999, bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Janairun 2001, an zaɓe ta a matsayin abokiyar rayuwa, inda ta ɗauki taken '''Baroness Boothroyd''', na Sandwell a Gundumar West Midlands. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> An buga tarihin rayuwarta a wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2005, an naɗa ta a matsayin Memba na Order of Merit (OM), girmamawa a cikin kyautar da Sarauniya ta ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> An nada Boothroyd a matsayin memba na girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Haske da Haske (Hon. FSLL) a shekarar 2009, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> kuma ta kasance memba na girmamawa na Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford, da Kwalejin St Edmund, Cambridge . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Ta kasance mai kula da Makarantar Jama'a ta Jo Richardson da ke Dagenham, Gabashin London, kuma Shugabar NBFA Taimaka wa Tsofaffi. Ta kasance, na ɗan lokaci, mataimakiyar Shugabar Masana'antu da Majalisar Dokoki . A watan Janairun 2011, Boothroyd ta gabatar da cewa shirin Mataimakin Firayim Minista Nick Clegg na a zabi wasu 'yan majalisar dattawa kai tsaye zai iya sanya Birtaniya cikin rudanin kundin tsarin mulki: "Yana da illa sosai. Rushewa ce da ba a yi tunani a kanta yadda ya kamata ba." Ta damu cewa zababbun Lords za su yi gogayya da Commons, suna fuskantar barazanar fada tsakanin su biyun. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Boothroyd ba ta yi aure ba kuma ba ta haifi 'ya'ya ba. Ta fara yin paragliding yayin da take hutu a Cyprus a cikin shekarunta na 60. Ta bayyana sha'awar a matsayin "mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali" kuma "mai ban sha'awa". A watan Afrilun 1995, yayin da take hutu a Morocco, Boothroyd ta makale a cikin tsaunukan Atlas a cikin guguwa mafi girma a cikin shekaru 20. Motarta ta tsaya cak sakamakon [[zaftarewar ƙasa]] ; ita da wasu masu tafiya a ƙasa sun yi tafiya ta cikin laka da tarkace na tsawon awanni tara kafin a ceto su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Ita ce mai zama a cikin hotuna goma sha ɗaya a National Portrait Gallery. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> Boothroyd ta mutu a Asibitin Addenbrooke da ke Cambridge a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2023, tana da shekaru 93. Lindsay Hoyle, Shugabar Majalisar Wakilai, ce ta sanar da mutuwarta washegari. An yi jana'izarta a ranar 29 ga Maris a Cocin St George, Thriplow, Cambridgeshire; ta zauna a ƙauyen a shekarunta na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Hoyle; Firayim Minista, [[Rishi Sunak]] ; da Shugabar 'Yan adawa, Keir Starmer suna cikin waɗanda suka halarci taron, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mathers |first=Matt |last2=Jane Dalton |date=2023-03-29 |title=Sunak and Starmer pay tribute to Betty Boothroyd at funeral of first woman speaker |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/betty-boothroyd-funeral-commons-speaker-b2309994.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> da ƙawarta ta kud da kud, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Dame Patricia Routledge, sun rera waƙa. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] le1v8db17ux9tgrmc2ezbslrvv7yze9 890199 890198 2026-08-01T14:52:05Z BnHamid 12586 890199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Boothroyd, Baroness Boothroyd''' (8 ga Oktoba 1929 - 26 ga Fabrairu 2023), 'yar siyasa ce ta Birtaniya wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Dokoki (MP) ta West Bromwich da West Bromwich West daga 1973 zuwa 2000. 'Yar jam'iyyar Labour ce, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai daga 1992 zuwa 2000. A da ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugaba daga 1987 zuwa 1992. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Ita ce ta farko kuma {{As of|2025}} , mace ɗaya tilo da ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba. Daga baya Boothroyd ta zauna a Majalisar Iyaye a matsayin, bisa ga al'ada, abokiyar zama . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Boothroyd a Dewsbury, Yorkshire, a shekarar 1929, a matsayin ɗa tilo ga Ben Archibald Boothroyd (1886–1948) da matarsa ta biyu Mary ( née Butterfield, 1901–1982), waɗanda dukkansu ma'aikatan masaku ne. Ta yi karatu a makarantun kansiloli kuma ta ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Kasuwanci da Fasaha ta Dewsbury (yanzu Kwalejin Kirklees ). Daga 1946 zuwa 1952, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa, a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Tiller Girls, [1] ta bayyana a London Palladium na ɗan lokaci. Ciwon ƙafa ya kawo ƙarshen aikinta na rawa kuma ta shiga siyasa, wani abu da ba a saba gani ba a lokacin, domin duniyar siyasa ta kasance ƙarƙashin rinjayen maza kuma galibi masu kuɗi ne. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950 zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1950, Boothroyd ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare ga 'yan majalisar Labour Barbara Castle <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> da Geoffrey de Freitas . A shekarar 1960, ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don ganin kamfen ɗin Kennedy . Daga baya ta yi aiki a Washington, DC a matsayin mataimakiyar majalisa ga ɗan majalisar dokokin Amurka Silvio Conte, tsakanin 1960 da 1962. Lokacin da ta koma Landan, ta ci gaba da aikinta na sakatare da mataimakiyar siyasa ga manyan 'yan siyasa na Labour daban-daban, ciki har da Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje Harry Walston . A shekarar 1965, an zaɓe ta a kujera a Majalisar Hammersmith Borough Council, a gundumar Gibbs Green, inda ta ci gaba har zuwa 1968. <ref name="ou">{{Cite web |title=Exhibition: Betty Boothroyd |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/library/digital-archive/exhibition/91/theme/1/page/1 |access-date=3 May 2022 |publisher=[[Open University]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> == Ɗan Majalisa == Boothroyd, wanda ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Labour, ya tsaya takara a kujeru da dama.&nbsp;– Leicester South East a shekarar 1957, Peterborough a shekarar 1959, Nelson da Colne a shekarar 1968, da Rossendale a shekarar 1970 – kafin a zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki (MP) ga West Bromwich a zaɓen maye gurbi a shekarar 1973. <ref name="ou">{{Cite web |title=Exhibition: Betty Boothroyd |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/library/digital-archive/exhibition/91/theme/1/page/1 |access-date=3 May 2022 |publisher=[[Open University]]}}</ref> Ta wakilci mazabar tsawon shekaru 27. A shekarar 1974, an naɗa Boothroyd mataimakiyar mai tsawatarwa ta gwamnati. A shekarar 1975, ta zama memba da gwamnati ta naɗa a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta wancan lokacin (ECSC) har sai da aka sallame ta a shekarar 1977. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mathers |first=Matt |last2=Jane Dalton |date=2023-03-29 |title=Sunak and Starmer pay tribute to Betty Boothroyd at funeral of first woman speaker |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/betty-boothroyd-funeral-commons-speaker-b2309994.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1979, ta zama memba na kwamitin zaɓe kan harkokin waje, har zuwa 1981, da kuma kwamitin shugabanni, har zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2000. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Baroness Boothroyd |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=UK Parliament – MPs and Lords}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Labour (NEC) daga 1981 zuwa 1987, <ref name=":0" /> da kuma Kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai daga 1983 zuwa 1987. === Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa da Shugaban Majalisa === [[Fayil:Betty_Boothroyd's_Speaker's_shoe1992_(22758817746).jpg|thumb|Takalmin Kakakin Boothroyd a cikin Laburaren Mata]] Bayan zaɓen gama gari na 1987, Boothroyd ta zama Mataimakiyar Kakakin Majalisa ga Kakakin Majalisa Bernard Weatherill . Ita ce mataimakiyar Shugabar Majalisa ta biyu a tarihin Birtaniya bayan Betty Harvie Anderson . A shekarar 1992 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugaba, ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙami. An yi muhawara game da ko Boothroyd ya kamata ta sanya hular Shugaban Majalisa ta gargajiya. Ta zaɓi kada ta yi amma ta ce duk wani Kakakin Majalisa da zai biyo baya zai sami 'yancin zaɓar ta sanya hular ko a'a; babu wanda ya taɓa yin hakan tun daga lokacin. A martanin muhawarar kan yadda ya kamata a kira ta da Shugaba, Boothroyd ta ce: "Kira ni Madam". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1993, Gwamnati ta sami kuri'a a kan Sashen Zamantakewa na Yarjejeniyar Maastricht saboda kuri'ar da ta kada (wanda aka yi bisa ga dokar Kakakin Majalisa Denison ). Daga baya aka gano cewa ba a buƙatar kuri'ar da ta kada ba, domin an yi kuskuren rage ƙuri'un, kuma Gwamnati ta yi nasara da ƙuri'a ɗaya. Tana da sha'awar sa matasa su sha'awar siyasa, kuma a shekarun 1990 ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo na musamman a shirin BBC na yara na Asabar da safe ''Live &amp;amp; Kicking'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Kalmomin da ta sanya wa hannu a lokacin rufe Tambayoyin Firayim Minista kowane mako shine "Lokaci ya yi!" A ranar 12 ga Yuli 2000, bayan tambayoyin Firayim Minista, Boothroyd ta sanar da Majalisar Wakilai cewa za ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na Kakakin Majalisa bayan hutun bazara. [[Tony Blair]], Firayim Minista a lokacin, ya girmama ta a matsayin "wani abu na cibiya ta ƙasa". Magabacin Blair, [[John Major]], ya bayyana ta a matsayin "Mai magana da yawun Majalisa". Ta sauka daga matsayinta na Kakakin Majalisa ta kuma yi murabus daga matsayinta na 'Yan Majalisa a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> === Matsakaicin rayuwar da ayyukan da suka gabata === An ba Boothroyd digirin girmamawa na Doctor of Civil Law (Hon DCL) daga Jami'ar City London a shekarar 1993. Ta kasance shugabar jami'ar Open University daga 1994 zuwa Oktoba 2006 kuma ta ba da wasu takardunta na sirri ga tarihin Jami'ar. A watan Maris na 1995, an ba ta digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Open University a matsayin Doctor of the University (DUniv). A shekarar 1999 an ba ta digirin girmamawa na Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Zane biyu na Boothroyd sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarin zane-zane na majalisar dokoki tun daga 1994 da 1999, bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Janairun 2001, an zaɓe ta a matsayin abokiyar rayuwa, inda ta ɗauki taken '''Baroness Boothroyd''', na Sandwell a Gundumar West Midlands. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> An buga tarihin rayuwarta a wannan shekarar. A watan Afrilun 2005, an naɗa ta a matsayin Memba na Order of Merit (OM), girmamawa a cikin kyautar da Sarauniya ta ba ta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> An nada Boothroyd a matsayin memba na girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Haske da Haske (Hon. FSLL) a shekarar 2009, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> kuma ta kasance memba na girmamawa na Kwalejin St Hugh, Oxford, da Kwalejin St Edmund, Cambridge . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Ta kasance mai kula da Makarantar Jama'a ta Jo Richardson da ke Dagenham, Gabashin London, kuma Shugabar NBFA Taimaka wa Tsofaffi. Ta kasance, na ɗan lokaci, mataimakiyar Shugabar Masana'antu da Majalisar Dokoki . A watan Janairun 2011, Boothroyd ta gabatar da cewa shirin Mataimakin Firayim Minista Nick Clegg na a zabi wasu 'yan majalisar dattawa kai tsaye zai iya sanya Birtaniya cikin rudanin kundin tsarin mulki: "Yana da illa sosai. Rushewa ce da ba a yi tunani a kanta yadda ya kamata ba." Ta damu cewa zababbun Lords za su yi gogayya da Commons, suna fuskantar barazanar fada tsakanin su biyun. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Boothroyd ba ta yi aure ba kuma ba ta haifi 'ya'ya ba. Ta fara yin paragliding yayin da take hutu a Cyprus a cikin shekarunta na 60. Ta bayyana sha'awar a matsayin "mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali" kuma "mai ban sha'awa". A watan Afrilun 1995, yayin da take hutu a Morocco, Boothroyd ta makale a cikin tsaunukan Atlas a cikin guguwa mafi girma a cikin shekaru 20. Motarta ta tsaya cak sakamakon [[zaftarewar ƙasa]] ; ita da wasu masu tafiya a ƙasa sun yi tafiya ta cikin laka da tarkace na tsawon awanni tara kafin a ceto su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Ita ce mai zama a cikin hotuna goma sha ɗaya a National Portrait Gallery. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary career for Baroness Boothroyd – MPs and Lords – UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/679/career |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> Boothroyd ta mutu a Asibitin Addenbrooke da ke Cambridge a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2023, tana da shekaru 93. Lindsay Hoyle, Shugabar Majalisar Wakilai, ce ta sanar da mutuwarta washegari. An yi jana'izarta a ranar 29 ga Maris a Cocin St George, Thriplow, Cambridgeshire; ta zauna a ƙauyen a shekarunta na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Betty Boothroyd |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/miss-betty-boothroyd/index.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref> Hoyle; Firayim Minista, [[Rishi Sunak]] ; da Shugabar 'Yan adawa, Keir Starmer suna cikin waɗanda suka halarci taron, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mathers |first=Matt |last2=Jane Dalton |date=2023-03-29 |title=Sunak and Starmer pay tribute to Betty Boothroyd at funeral of first woman speaker |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/betty-boothroyd-funeral-commons-speaker-b2309994.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> da ƙawarta ta kud da kud, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Dame Patricia Routledge, sun rera waƙa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mw2ywh7b6i1t07ow753act7onffighk 0 136180 890170 779188 2026-08-01T14:37:16Z BnHamid 12586 890170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andreas Michalakopoulos''' (Girkanci; 17 ga Mayu 1876, [1] Patras - 7 ga Maris 1938, [[Athens]]) ya kasance wani muhimmin dan siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Girka daga 7 ga Oktoba 1924 zuwa 26 ga Yuni 1925, ranar da sojojin Girka suka hambarar da gwamnatin karkashin jagorancin Janar Theodoros Pangalos, wanda ya tilasta wa Shugaba Pavlos Kountouriotis ya kori gwamnati kuma ya nada Pangalos a matsayin sabon Firayim Ministan. Michalakopoulos ya kasance babban memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal kuma abokin tarayya na wanda ya kafa ta, ɗan ƙasar Girka Eleftherios Venizelos, sama da shekaru 20. Tare da Venizelos ya shiga cikin tattaunawar yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta Sèvres da Lausanne, kuma ya sanya hannu a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje Yarjejeniyar Abokantaka ta Girka da Turkiyya (wanda aka fi sani da Yarjejeniyar Ankara) a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1930. Ya rike muhimman mukamai a gwamnatoci da yawa karkashin jagorancin Eleftherios Venizelos, Alexandros Zaimis da [[Konstantinos Tsaldaris]]; Ministan Harkokin Waje (1928-1933), Ministan Tattalin Arziki (1912-1916), Ministan Noma (1917-1918, 1920), Ministan Harshen Soja (1918). Opposed to the military dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas, he was sent to political exile on Paros in 1936, which resulted in his death in 1938.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2023}} An binne shi a Kabari na farko na Athens . == Dubi kuma == * Abin da ya faru a Petrich * Kwamandan Knight na girmamawa na Order of the British Empire[[Order of the British Empire|Umurnin Daular Burtaniya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m6i39zdeno5mhegjixr5egyt29p650h 890171 890170 2026-08-01T14:37:25Z BnHamid 12586 890171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andreas Michalakopoulos''' (Girkanci; 17 ga Mayu 1876, [1] Patras - 7 ga Maris 1938, [[Athens]]) ya kasance wani muhimmin dan siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi a lokacin yakin basasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Girka daga 7 ga Oktoba 1924 zuwa 26 ga Yuni 1925, ranar da sojojin Girka suka hambarar da gwamnatin karkashin jagorancin Janar Theodoros Pangalos, wanda ya tilasta wa Shugaba Pavlos Kountouriotis ya kori gwamnati kuma ya nada Pangalos a matsayin sabon Firayim Ministan. Michalakopoulos ya kasance babban memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal kuma abokin tarayya na wanda ya kafa ta, ɗan ƙasar Girka Eleftherios Venizelos, sama da shekaru 20. Tare da Venizelos ya shiga cikin tattaunawar yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta Sèvres da Lausanne, kuma ya sanya hannu a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje Yarjejeniyar Abokantaka ta Girka da Turkiyya (wanda aka fi sani da Yarjejeniyar Ankara) a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 1930. Ya rike muhimman mukamai a gwamnatoci da yawa karkashin jagorancin Eleftherios Venizelos, Alexandros Zaimis da [[Konstantinos Tsaldaris]]; Ministan Harkokin Waje (1928-1933), Ministan Tattalin Arziki (1912-1916), Ministan Noma (1917-1918, 1920), Ministan Harshen Soja (1918). Opposed to the military dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas, he was sent to political exile on Paros in 1936, which resulted in his death in 1938.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2023}} An binne shi a Kabari na farko na Athens . == Dubi kuma == * Abin da ya faru a Petrich * Kwamandan Knight na girmamawa na Order of the British Empire[[Order of the British Empire|Umurnin Daular Burtaniya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g5jxqira5ot91vc3f6zwy46x6468zxh 0 136788 890160 780185 2026-08-01T14:33:24Z BnHamid 12586 890160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jun Matsumoto (松本 潤, Matsumoto Jun; born August 30, 1983) is a Japanese singer, actor, radio host, and model. He is a member of the [[boy band]] [[Arashi]], and is Arashi's concert producer as well as production advisor for other groups. He is best known to [[Japanese television drama]] audiences for his portrayal as [[Boys Over Flowers#Tsukasa Domyoji|Tsukasa Dōmyōji]] in the 2005 television drama series ''[[Boys Over Flowers (2005 TV series)|Boys Over Flowers]]'', for which he won ''[[GQ]]'' Japan's Man of the Year Award under the singer/actor category for his work in the drama.<ref name="GQ2008">{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2008 |title=GQ Men of the Year 2008 |url=http://www.gqjapan.jp/event/menoftheyear08/details/02.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609170916/http://www.gqjapan.jp/event/menoftheyear08/details/02.html |archive-date=June 9, 2009 |access-date=October 19, 2009 |website=[[GQ]] |language=ja}}</ref><ref name="gq_tokyograph">{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2008 |title=GQ's Men of the Year: NIGO, MatsuJun, and more |url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-4191 |access-date=September 4, 2009 |publisher=Tokyograph}}</ref> Matsumoto ya fara aikinsa a masana'antar nishaɗi lokacin da ya shiga kamfanin hazaka na Japan Johnny & Associates a shekarar 1996 yana da shekaru 12 Kafin ya fara zama mawaƙi tare da Arashi a shekarar 1999, Matsumoto ya fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Teddy Duchamp a wasan kwaikwayo na Stand by Me, wanda aka gina akan fim ɗin mai suna iri ɗaya . Tun daga lokacin, ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai da yawa, inda ya sami kyaututtuka da kuma nadin mukamai da dama saboda rawar da ya taka. == Rayuwar farko == Matsumoto ya kammala karatunsa daga Horikoshi Gakuen, wata makarantar sakandare da aka sani da tsofaffin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun fasaha kamar Kyoko Fukada da Ai Kato, a watan Maris na 2002 yana da shekaru 18 <ref name="pia2009">{{Cite journal |date=August 27, 2009 |title=そして僕らは嵐になった Arashi Story 1980–2009 |journal=Pia |pages=10–22}}</ref> == Sana'a == Matsumoto ya sanar a watan Oktoban 2023 a wani bidiyo na ƙungiyar magoya baya na fitar da littafin hoto don murnar cikarsa shekaru 40. Littafin ya haɗa da labarin gogewarsa da ya nuna Ieyasu Tokugawa. An fitar da littafin a watan Disamba na 2023. <ref>{{cite episode|series=Arashi no Shukudai-kun|network=[[Nippon Television|NTV]]|airdate=March 17, 2007}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JUN MATSUMOTO 20220830-20231026 THE RECORDS OF DAYS OF LIVING AS IEYASU |url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/MATSUMOTO-20220830-20231026-RECORDS-LIVING-IEYASU/dp/404895511X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027023027/https://www.amazon.co.jp/MATSUMOTO-20220830-20231026-RECORDS-LIVING-IEYASU/dp/404895511X |archive-date=27 October 2023 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Amazon |language=Japanese}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2024, an sanar da matsayin "Oricon First Half 'Book' Ranking". A cikin nau'in "Men's Photo Books", littafin Matsumoto ya kasance na 2, bayan ya tara raka'a 66000 da aka sayar a wannan lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=Hey! Say! JUMP・山田涼介、「男性写真集」で首位 3作品がTOP10入り「最初で最後の写真集、思い入れのある作品」【オリコン上半期】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2329439/full/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531044011/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2329439/full/ |archive-date=31 May 2024 |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=Oricon |language=Japanese}}</ref> Kamar yadda yake tare da abokin aikinsa Ninomiya, Matsumoto ya sanar a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 2024, cewa zai zama mai zaman kansa daga Starto dangane da ayyukan mutum ɗaya, amma zai ci gaba da zama wani ɓangare na Arashi. Matsumoto ya bar aiki a ranar 30 ga Mayu. <ref>{{cite episode|series=Arashi no Shukudai-kun|network=[[Nippon Television|NTV]]|airdate=March 17, 2007}}</ref> <ref>{{cite episode|series=Arashi no Shukudai-kun|network=[[Nippon Television|NTV]]|airdate=March 17, 2007}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JUN MATSUMOTO 20220830-20231026 THE RECORDS OF DAYS OF LIVING AS IEYASU |url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/MATSUMOTO-20220830-20231026-RECORDS-LIVING-IEYASU/dp/404895511X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027023027/https://www.amazon.co.jp/MATSUMOTO-20220830-20231026-RECORDS-LIVING-IEYASU/dp/404895511X |archive-date=27 October 2023 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Amazon |language=Japanese}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuni, Matsumoto ya sabunta asusunsa na Instagram, yana wallafa bayanai game da sabon kamfaninsa, MJC Inc., kuma ya ba da gidan yanar gizon sa. A shafin farko na gidan yanar gizon, Matsumoto ya bayyana shirye-shiryen kamfanin: "Muna mai da hankali kan ƙirƙira da haɗin kai don samar da sabuwar ƙima, da nufin jagorantar Japan da duniya zuwa ga makoma mai haske ta hanyar nishaɗi." An naɗa shi a matsayin "Babban Jami'in Nishaɗi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=Hey! Say! JUMP・山田涼介、「男性写真集」で首位 3作品がTOP10入り「最初で最後の写真集、思い入れのある作品」【オリコン上半期】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2329439/full/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531044011/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2329439/full/ |archive-date=31 May 2024 |access-date=31 May 2024 |website=Oricon |language=Japanese}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2024, Matsumoto ya sanar ta shafinsa na hukuma (MJC.Inc) cewa ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar wakili tare da Eternal Moments Inc. don ayyukansa na musamman, yana riƙe da ainihin wurin don kwangilolin da suka shafi tsarawa, samarwa da kuma jagoranci. <ref>{{cite episode|series=Arashi no Shukudai-kun|network=[[Nippon Television|NTV]]|airdate=March 17, 2007}}</ref> <ref>{{cite episode|series=Arashi no Shukudai-kun|network=[[Nippon Television|NTV]]|airdate=March 17, 2007}}</ref> === Aikin kiɗa === Duk da cewa yawancin waƙoƙin Matsumoto na waƙoƙin kundi da kade-kade na ma'aikatan Arashi ne suka rubuta su, ya ba da gudummawar waƙoƙi ga wasu waƙoƙin solo nasa: "La Familia" na ''2004 Arashi!'' ''Iza, Now Tour!!'', <ref>{{cite episode|series=Arashi no Shukudai-kun|network=[[Nippon Television|NTV]]|airdate=March 17, 2007}}</ref> "Naked" a 2008 don kundin ''Dream "A" Live'' (ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami "Jun"), da kuma "Stay Gold" a 2014 don kundin ''The Digitalian'' . <ref name="js2008alb">.{{Cite web |title=Dream "A" Live album information |url=https://www.j-storm.co.jp/s/js/discography/JACA-5091?ima=0000 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |publisher=[[J Storm]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="js2014alb">{{Cite web |title=The Digitalian album information |url=https://www.j-storm.co.jp/s/js/discography/JACA-5445?ima=0000 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |publisher=[[J Storm]] |language=ja}}</ref> Ya kuma kula da waƙar "DRIVE" a 2016 don kundin ''Are You Happy?'' kuma ya shiga cikin rubuta waƙoƙi tare da sauran membobin Arashi a matsayin Arashi don waƙoƙinsu " Fight Song ", " Energy Song - Zekkōchō Chō!!!! "," 5×10 ", da " 5×20 ". <ref name="JS2016alb">{{Cite web |title=Are You Happy? album information |url=https://www.j-storm.co.jp/s/js/discography/JACA-5627?ima=0000 |access-date=November 12, 2021 |publisher=[[J Storm]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="js2007sgl">{{Cite web |title=Love So Sweet single information |url=https://www.j-storm.co.jp/s/js/discography/JACA-5053?ima=0000 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |publisher=[[J Storm]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="jsuraara0811">{{Cite web |title=Ura Ara BEST 2008-2011 album information |url=https://www.j-storm.co.jp/s/js/discography/JSDA-0003 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |publisher=[[J Storm]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="js2009alb">{{Cite web |title=All the Best! 1999–2009 album information |url=https://www.j-storm.co.jp/s/js/discography/JACA-5202?ima=0000 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |publisher=[[J Storm]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="js2019alb">{{Cite web |title=5x20 All the Best!! 1999–2019 album information |url=https://www.j-storm.co.jp/s/js/discography/JACA-5792?ima=0000 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |publisher=[[J Storm]] |language=ja}}</ref> Matsumoto ya fara shiga cikin shirya kade-kade a shekarar 2000. <ref name="realsound1">{{Cite web |date=October 14, 2014 |script-title=ja:嵐のコンサート演出を支える松本潤 そのプロデュース能力を検証する |url=https://realsound.jp/2014/10/post-1446.html |access-date=August 19, 2021 |language=ja}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya fi mai da hankali kan kade-kade na Arashi, ya kuma ba da shawara kan shirya kade-kade ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Johnny & Associates, kamar su Hey! Say! JUMP a shekarar 2014 da King &amp;amp; Prince a shekarar 2018; kuma a shekarar 2021 ya zama darektan ''bikin Johnny's End-End Thank you 2021 Hello 2022'', wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga Johnny &amp;amp; Associates . <ref name="realsound1" /> <ref name="realsound2">{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2015 |script-title=ja:嵐・松本潤の演出指導は、Hey! Say! JUMPにどんな影響を与える？ |url=https://realsound.jp/2015/04/post-3002.html |access-date=August 20, 2021 |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="modelpress1">{{Cite web |date=October 19, 2018 |script-title=ja:嵐・松本潤、King ＆ Princeのコンサート鑑賞後にアドバイス 永瀬廉「めちゃめちゃ見てるやん！」 |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1799826 |access-date=August 20, 2021 |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="JEfes2122" /> An yaba masa a hukumance a matsayin darektan a cikin kyaututtukan ƙarshe na kade-kade ''na Arashi Anniversary Tour 5×20'' da ''Arafes 2020'', da kuma a gidan yanar gizon hukuma na ''bikin Johnny's. Na gode 2021 Hello 2022'' don kade-kade iri ɗaya. <ref name="JEfes2122">{{Cite web |script-title=ja:Johnny's Festival Thank you 2021 Hello 2022 |url=https://johnnys-festival.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225182515/https://johnnys-festival.com/ |archive-date=December 25, 2021 |access-date=November 18, 2021 |language=ja}}</ref> An nada shi daraktan Starto Entertainment kai tsaye, wanda aka shirya gudanarwa a watan Afrilun 2024. <ref>{{cite episode|series=Arashi no Shukudai-kun|network=[[Nippon Television|NTV]]|airdate=March 17, 2007}}</ref> Shirin kade-kade, mai suna "We Are!! Let's came the partyn STARTO!!", Matsumoto da Tadayoshi Okura na Super Eight ne suka jagoranci shirin, kuma zai zama taron karshe da Matsumoto ya shirya, kafin 'yancin kansa daga Starto. <ref>{{cite episode|series=Arashi no Shukudai-kun|network=[[Nippon Television|NTV]]|airdate=March 17, 2007}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JUN MATSUMOTO 20220830-20231026 THE RECORDS OF DAYS OF LIVING AS IEYASU |url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/MATSUMOTO-20220830-20231026-RECORDS-LIVING-IEYASU/dp/404895511X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027023027/https://www.amazon.co.jp/MATSUMOTO-20220830-20231026-RECORDS-LIVING-IEYASU/dp/404895511X |archive-date=27 October 2023 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Amazon |language=Japanese}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] bymkp9quis3g9w795audkw4o793958c 0 137275 890161 781173 2026-08-01T14:33:57Z BnHamid 12586 890161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Manuel''' " '''Paco''' " '''Soler Atencia''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Maris 1970) [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|na ƙwallon ƙafa]] kuma manaja a ƙasar Sipaniya. Ya buga wasa da Mallorca ne kawai a lokacin aikinsa, inda ya tara jimillar wasanni 168 a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]] da kwallaye uku a tsawon shekaru tara, sannan ya shafe shekaru 14 yana buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko. Daga baya ya zama koci. == Aikin kulob == An haifi Soler a [[Palma de Mayorka|Palma de Mallorca]], tsibirin Balearic, kuma ya shafe tsawon rayuwarsa tare da ƙungiyar RCD Mallorca ta gida. Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a kakar wasa ta 1990–91, kuma ya buga wasanni 419 a gasar zakarun Turai. A shekarar 1996–97, Soler ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa Mallorca ta koma gasar La Liga, kuma ya kasance yana fitowa a kai a kai a kakar wasa mai zuwa yayin da kungiyar ta kare a matsayi na biyar. An nada shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin UEFA Cup Winners' Cup ta 1998–99 . Duk da haka, a cikin shekaru biyu na ƙarshe, Soler bai taka rawar gani ba a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar, kuma ya yi ritaya bayan 2003-04 yana da shekaru 34. Ya fara aikin koyarwa daga baya kuma, a watan Janairun 2007, an naɗa shi a kulob ɗin Primeira Liga na Portugal SC Beira-Mar bayan sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da Inverfutbol, wani kamfanin wasanni da ke Spain, ba tare da ya iya taimaka wa ƙungiyar Aveiro ta kauce wa faɗuwa ba . <ref>{{cite news |last=Maura |first=Tomeu |date=21 February 2024 |title=Raíllo entra en la historia del Mallorca por lo bueno… y por lo malo |trans-title=Raíllo makes Mallorca history books for good reasons… and bad ones |url=https://okdiario.com/baleares/raillo-entra-historia-del-mallorca-lo-bueno-lo-malo-12404563 |accessdate=7 March 2024 |language=Spanish |newspaper=[[Okdiario]]}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2009, Soler ya koma yankinsa na asali, inda ya maye gurbin tsohon ɗan wasan ƙasar Sipaniya Francisco a matsayin jagoran CD Atlético Baleares mai rauni, kuma ya sake fuskantar koma baya . Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, ya bar aikinsa na daraktan ƙwallon ƙafa ya sake zama manajansu. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Soler yana cikin tawagar Spain da ta lashe lambar zinare a [[Wasannin Olympics na Barcelona|gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992]] a [[Barcelona]], inda ya buga wasanni hudu na jimillar mintuna 277. <ref>{{cite news |last=Maura |first=Tomeu |date=21 February 2024 |title=Raíllo entra en la historia del Mallorca por lo bueno… y por lo malo |trans-title=Raíllo makes Mallorca history books for good reasons… and bad ones |url=https://okdiario.com/baleares/raillo-entra-historia-del-mallorca-lo-bueno-lo-malo-12404563 |accessdate=7 March 2024 |language=Spanish |newspaper=[[Okdiario]]}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Mallorca''' * Copa del Rey : 2002–03 ; wanda ya zo na biyu: 1990-91, 1997-98 * Supercopa de España : 1998 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin UEFA : 1998–99 [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] 8kxy5uv0oftyp8y8n3u5curx7zn50nx 890162 890161 2026-08-01T14:34:12Z BnHamid 12586 /* Daraja */ 890162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Francisco Manuel''' " '''Paco''' " '''Soler Atencia''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Maris 1970) [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya ne]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|na ƙwallon ƙafa]] kuma manaja a ƙasar Sipaniya. Ya buga wasa da Mallorca ne kawai a lokacin aikinsa, inda ya tara jimillar wasanni 168 a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]] da kwallaye uku a tsawon shekaru tara, sannan ya shafe shekaru 14 yana buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko. Daga baya ya zama koci. == Aikin kulob == An haifi Soler a [[Palma de Mayorka|Palma de Mallorca]], tsibirin Balearic, kuma ya shafe tsawon rayuwarsa tare da ƙungiyar RCD Mallorca ta gida. Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a kakar wasa ta 1990–91, kuma ya buga wasanni 419 a gasar zakarun Turai. A shekarar 1996–97, Soler ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa Mallorca ta koma gasar La Liga, kuma ya kasance yana fitowa a kai a kai a kakar wasa mai zuwa yayin da kungiyar ta kare a matsayi na biyar. An nada shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin UEFA Cup Winners' Cup ta 1998–99 . Duk da haka, a cikin shekaru biyu na ƙarshe, Soler bai taka rawar gani ba a cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar, kuma ya yi ritaya bayan 2003-04 yana da shekaru 34. Ya fara aikin koyarwa daga baya kuma, a watan Janairun 2007, an naɗa shi a kulob ɗin Primeira Liga na Portugal SC Beira-Mar bayan sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da Inverfutbol, wani kamfanin wasanni da ke Spain, ba tare da ya iya taimaka wa ƙungiyar Aveiro ta kauce wa faɗuwa ba . <ref>{{cite news |last=Maura |first=Tomeu |date=21 February 2024 |title=Raíllo entra en la historia del Mallorca por lo bueno… y por lo malo |trans-title=Raíllo makes Mallorca history books for good reasons… and bad ones |url=https://okdiario.com/baleares/raillo-entra-historia-del-mallorca-lo-bueno-lo-malo-12404563 |accessdate=7 March 2024 |language=Spanish |newspaper=[[Okdiario]]}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2009, Soler ya koma yankinsa na asali, inda ya maye gurbin tsohon ɗan wasan ƙasar Sipaniya Francisco a matsayin jagoran CD Atlético Baleares mai rauni, kuma ya sake fuskantar koma baya . Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, ya bar aikinsa na daraktan ƙwallon ƙafa ya sake zama manajansu. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Soler yana cikin tawagar Spain da ta lashe lambar zinare a [[Wasannin Olympics na Barcelona|gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992]] a [[Barcelona]], inda ya buga wasanni hudu na jimillar mintuna 277. <ref>{{cite news |last=Maura |first=Tomeu |date=21 February 2024 |title=Raíllo entra en la historia del Mallorca por lo bueno… y por lo malo |trans-title=Raíllo makes Mallorca history books for good reasons… and bad ones |url=https://okdiario.com/baleares/raillo-entra-historia-del-mallorca-lo-bueno-lo-malo-12404563 |accessdate=7 March 2024 |language=Spanish |newspaper=[[Okdiario]]}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Mallorca''' * Copa del Rey : 2002–03 ; wanda ya zo na biyu: 1990-91, 1997-98 * Supercopa de España : 1998 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin UEFA : 1998–99 ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] 9fmsc96r9asr5sypdmio2a3wny3xeyl 0 138080 890115 810788 2026-08-01T12:30:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar jirgin kasa ta Jamia Osmania''' tashar jirgin kasa ce ta uku (SG-3) a cikin [[Hyderabad]]_railway_division" id="mwEQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hyderabad railway division">Sashen jirgin kasa na Hyderabad na yankin Railway ta Kudu.<ref name="railway_station">{{Cite web |title=List of Zone/Category wise Railway station opened for Passenger services in Indian Railway (As on 01.12.2022) |url=https://indianrailwaysresult.in/Railway_station_zone-category_wise_list.pdf |access-date=15 April 2025 |website=Indian Railways Result |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |page=94 |format=PDF |archive-date=19 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419204910/https://indianrailwaysresult.in/Railway_station_zone-category_wise_list.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana cikin Hyderabad na jihar [[Telangana]] ta Indiya . <ref name="railway_station" /> == Lines == * Tsarin Sufuri na Multi-Modal na Hyderabad ** Hanyar Falaknuma-Secunderabad (Layin FS) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * MMTS Lokaci kamar yadda ta Kudu ta Tsakiya RailwayJirgin kasa na Kudu na Tsakiya tovlfpqjgq7q52kefh5w2ok15q6utdh 0 138550 890357 798831 2026-08-02T00:04:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890357 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Wang Chunchen''' ( {{Lang-zh|王春辰}} , an haife shi a shekarar 1964 a [[Zhangjiakou]], lardin Hebei <ref name="bm">{{Cite web |title=Wang Chunchen 王春辰 |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/AUTH232802 |access-date=1 December 2021 |publisher=[[British Museum]] |language=en-UK}}</ref> ) ƙwararren mai kula da fasaha ne na ƙasar Sin, mai suka, kuma masanin tarihin fasaha . <ref name="rockbundartmuseum">{{Cite web |title=Wang Chunchen |url=http://www.rockbundartmuseum.org/cn/artist/overview/17bfsv |access-date=1 December 2021 |publisher=[[Rockbund Art Museum]] |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201181541/http://www.rockbundartmuseum.org/cn/artist/overview/17bfsv |url-status=dead }}</ref> An bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu kula da fasaha, masu sukar fasaha da kuma masana tarihi na ƙasar Sin". == Ilimi == Wang ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Tsakiya da ke [[Beijing]], China. == Sana'a == Dr Wang yana aiki ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Tsakiya, wacce a da take a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihin Fasaha ta CAFA, inda yake Shugaban Sashen Binciken Bayanai. <ref name="k11art">{{Cite web |title=Wang Chunchen |url=https://www.k11artfoundation.org/en/collaboration/wang-chunchen |access-date=1 December 2021 |publisher=[[K11 Art Foundation]] |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174534/https://www.k11artfoundation.org/en/collaboration/wang-chunchen |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana da hannu a tarihin fasaha ta zamani da ka'idar fasaha ta zamani da suka. <ref name="rockbundartmuseum"/> A shekarar 2012, an ɗauki Wang aiki a matsayin mai kula da kayan tarihi na musamman don shirya baje kolin kayan tarihi na zamani na kasar Sin ta gidan tarihi na Eli da Edythe Broad da ke Jami'ar Jihar Michigan a Amurka, [1] [2] [3] mai kula da kayan tarihi na kasar Sin na farko da aka yi aiki da shi a gidan tarihi na Amurka. [4] A shekarar 2013, an naɗa shi mai kula da rumfar kasar Sin a bikin baje kolin kayan tarihi na kasa da kasa karo na 55 - la Biennale di Venezia kuma mataimakin babban edita na Mujallar Kayan tarihi na kasar Sin a Burtaniya. Shi ne kuma babban editan jerin kayan tarihi na kasar Sin, wanda Springer ya buga. == Littattafai == Wang ya rubuta kuma ya fassara waɗannan littattafai: <ref name="douban">{{Cite web |title=Douban Books Tags: Wang Chunchen |url=https://book.douban.com/tag/%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%A5%E8%BE%B0 |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=Douban Books |publisher=[[Douban]] |language=zh |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174533/https://book.douban.com/tag/%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%A5%E8%BE%B0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="amazon">{{Cite web |title=Wang Chunchen |url=https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Wang+Chunchen |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=[[Amazon.com]]}}</ref> <ref name="k11art"/> * ''Shiga Cikin Fasaha a Cikin Al'umma'' (Timezone Publishing House, 2010) * ''Dimokuradiyya Mai Zane'' (China Youth Publishing House, 2013) * ''Siyasar Hotuna'' (China Youth Publishing House, 2013) * ''Jizi da Fasaharsa a China ta Zamani: Haɗaka'' (tare da David Adam Brubaker, Springer, Jerin Fasaha ta Zamani ta China, , 2015) * ''Dawowa Nan Gaba: Fasaha ta Zamani daga China'' (Ayyukan Fasaha na Media, , 2015) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] eej1c66lmqu0pr93qbv4y3v48je2he2 0 138562 890370 783654 2026-08-02T01:09:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Wayne Kimmel (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1970) ɗan Amurka ne mai jarin jari, mai saka hannun jari kuma marubuci. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na SeventySix Capital. ''Mujallar Philadelphia'' ta sanya wa Kimmel suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Manyan Masu Kirkire-kirkire a Philadelphia." Mujallar Kasuwancin Wasanni ta sanya wa Kimmel suna a matsayin ɗan wasan fasaha mai ƙarfi a wasanni a shekarar 2022, sannan kuma an ba shi kyautar shugaban kamfanin da ya fi burgewa a shekarar 2022 daga ''mujallar kasuwanci ta Philadelphia'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dukart |first=Lisa |date=Dec 8, 2022 |title=Most Admired CEOs 2022: Wayne Kimmel, SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2022/12/08/most-admired-ceos-2022-wayne-kimmel.html |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=Bizjournals}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Kimmel a Wilmington, Delaware kuma ya halarci Makarantar Tatnall . Kimmel ya halarci Jami'ar Maryland <ref>name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Michael |date=2023-10-11 |title=Wayne Kimmel Looks to the Future of Sports With SeventySix Capital |url=https://mainlinetoday.com/life-style/wayne-kimmel-seventysix-capital/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Main Line Today |language=en-US}}</ref> inda ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon kwando . == Sana'a == Kimmel ya fara aiki a matsayin mai zuba jari a harkokin kasuwanci yana aiki da [[Pete Musser]] a [[Pete Musser|Safeguard Scientifics]] . <ref>name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Michael |date=2023-10-11 |title=Wayne Kimmel Looks to the Future of Sports With SeventySix Capital |url=https://mainlinetoday.com/life-style/wayne-kimmel-seventysix-capital/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Main Line Today |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBradley2023">Bradley, Michael (October 11, 2023). [https://mainlinetoday.com/life-style/wayne-kimmel-seventysix-capital/ "Wayne Kimmel Looks to the Future of Sports With SeventySix Capital"]. ''Main Line Today''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Kimmel ya koma harabar Safeguard da ke Wayne, Pennsylvania kuma ya ƙirƙiri asusun jari na kamfani wanda ke da alaƙa da Safeguard. Daga nan Musser ya ƙalubalanci Kimmel da ya tara dala miliyan 9 don yin aiki da shi, amma Kimmel ya ƙare da tara dala miliyan 19. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> === Babban Birnin Tarayya Saba'in da Shida === A shekarar 1999, Kimmel ya kafa SeventySix Capital, <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2016 |title=THERE'S GOT TO BE A BETTER WAY |url=https://thephiladelphiacitizen.org/six-degrees-of-wayne-kimmel/ |access-date=May 18, 2020 |website=The Philadelphia Citizen}}</ref> wanda ya zuba jari a kamfanonin farawa da suka shafi [[wasanni]], esports, yin fare a wasanni da fasaha . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> SeventySix Capital ta zuba jari a kamfanonin farawa da dama masu nasara, ciki har da Vegas Stats &amp;amp; Information Network, [[Whistle Sports Network]], Indiegogo da Nutrisystem . Masu zuba jari a SeventySix Capital sun hada da mai Pittsburgh Pirates Bob Nutting, shugaban kamfanin Fanatics Michael G. Rubin, da Arthur Blank, shugaban AMB Group LLC, kamfanin iyaye na Atlanta Falcons da Atlanta United . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dukart |first=Lisa |date=Dec 8, 2022 |title=Most Admired CEOs 2022: Wayne Kimmel, SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2022/12/08/most-admired-ceos-2022-wayne-kimmel.html |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=Bizjournals}}</ref> Jimilla, kamfanonin fayil na SeventySix Capital sun tara sama da dala biliyan 5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> Fitattun 'yan wasa da suka haɗa da Ryan Howard, Brian Westbrook, Emmanuel Sanders, Ralph Sampson da DeMarco Murray dukkansu ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta SeventySix Capital, wadda ke ba wa 'yan wasa damar saka hannun jari da zama 'yan kasuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> Kimmel ya kuma kafa ƙungiyar ba da shawara kan wasanni ta SeventySix Capital, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> === Marubuci === Kimmel marubuci ne da aka buga. Ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna, ''Six Degrees of Wayne Kimmel'' . <ref>name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Health |first=StartUp |date=2017-05-05 |title=The Six Degrees of Networking |url=https://healthtransformer.co/the-six-degrees-of-networking-wayne-kimmel-seventysix-48726b6ca9f6 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Medium |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Littafin ya mayar da hankali ne kan aikinsa na ɗan jari-hujja kuma yana ba da shawara ga 'yan kasuwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2016 |title=THERE'S GOT TO BE A BETTER WAY |url=https://thephiladelphiacitizen.org/six-degrees-of-wayne-kimmel/ |access-date=May 18, 2020 |website=The Philadelphia Citizen}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://thephiladelphiacitizen.org/six-degrees-of-wayne-kimmel/ "THERE'S GOT TO BE A BETTER WAY"]. ''The Philadelphia Citizen''. November 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Kimmel Bayahude ne. Yana zaune a Gladwyne, Pennsylvania tare da matarsa, Kimby da 'ya'yansa biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> Kimmel ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aji kuma memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Tarayyar Yahudawa ta Babban Philadelphia kuma yana zaune a kwamitin amintattu na Tarayyar Yahudawa ta Arewacin Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> Haka kuma yana aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa kuma shugaban kwamitin ci gaba a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Einstein . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mahaifinsa, Morton, fitaccen lauya ne da ke zaune a Wilmington. Kimmel yana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, Michelle da Karen, da kuma ɗan'uwansa, Larry, lauya kuma Babban Abokin Hulɗa a Kimmel Carter. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power Players: SeventySix Capital |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2022/11/21/Power-Players/SeventySix-Capital.aspx |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.sportsbusinessjournal.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dsszpztlougbk77qrj59c3j6uet13f9 0 139752 890486 817790 2026-08-02T10:14:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 890486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ruby Chappelle Boyd''' (Maris 18, 1919 - Oktoba 25, 2024) ta kasance ita ce ma'aikaciyar laburare ta farko [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar asalin Afirka]] a birnin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ta kuma yi aiki don adana tarihin Cocin Episcopal na Afirka . == Rayuwar farko da aiki a ɗakunan karatu == An haifi Ruby Chappelle a Philadelphia a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1919. Iyayenta, Bersie da Pearl Chappelle, sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia daga South Carolina a lokacin Babban Hijira . Bayan ta girma a Philadelphia, Boyd ta nemi aiki a matsayin mai kula da laburare kuma ta nemi shiga Cibiyar Drexel, amma an hana ta shiga saboda launin fatarta. <ref>name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boyd ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Wilberforce kuma ta halarci Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Atlanta, inda ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin Kimiyya da Sabis na Laburare a shekarar 1943. <ref name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da take makaranta a Atlanta, shugaban makarantar firamare ta Philadelphia , John Henry Brodhead, ya yi yaƙi da wariya a gwamnatin birnin, kuma a shekarar 1943, Laburare Mai Kyau na Philadelphia ya yi tallan ɗaukar ma'aikacin laburare na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka. Bayan dawowar Boyd zuwa Philadelphia, ta nemi wannan matsayi, aka naɗa ta a matsayin baƙar fata ta farko a cikin ɗakin laburare na birnin. <ref name="WFN2009" /> Daga baya ta zama baƙar fata ta farko a ɗakin laburare a Gundumar Makaranta ta Philadelphia . <ref name="WFN2009" /> A shekarar 1966, a matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar masu kula da dakunan karatu ta makarantar Philadelphia, ta jagoranci shirya taron mataimakan ɗaliban ɗakin karatu na makarantar. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> == Aiki ga Cocin AME == Kakan Boyd na wajen uwa mai wa'azi ne a Cocin AME kuma mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar Lahadi a Mother Bethel, wurin haihuwar Cocin Episcopal na Afirka; Boyd ta kasance memba na wannan cocin tsawon rai. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga gundumar makarantar Philadelphia, ta sadaukar da aikinta ga adana tarihin Mother Bethel, tare da haɓaka gidan tarihi na Cocin. A shekarar 1982, Boyd ya gyara wani littafi game da Cocin Uwar Bethel mai suna ''On this rock. : uwar tsarin Methodist na Afirka'' . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Chappelle ta auri James T. Boyd, shugaban makaranta, kuma tana da 'ya mace ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> Chappelle Boyd har yanzu tana zaune a Philadelphia har zuwa shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ivy and You, Volume 64, Issue 3 |url=https://www.akaomegaomegachapter.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Mar2018IvyandYou.pdf |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority}}</ref> Ta cika shekara 100 a watan Maris na 2019, kuma Zeta Phi Beta Sorority ta karrama ta a watan Agusta na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soror Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/2507443729441832 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Incorporated – Beta Pi Zeta Chapter on Facebook}}</ref> Boyd ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2024, yana da shekaru 105. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.terryfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Ruby-Boyd?obId=33609754 |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Terry Funeral Home, Inc.}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] gf3s0od5cxj2y2f08xe853kk9l3minb 890487 890486 2026-08-02T10:15:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 890487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ruby Chappelle Boyd''' (Maris 18, 1919 - Oktoba 25, 2024) ta kasance ita ce ma'aikaciyar laburare ta farko [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar asalin Afirka]] a birnin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ta kuma yi aiki don adana tarihin Cocin Episcopal na [[Afirka]] . == Rayuwar farko da aiki a ɗakunan karatu == An haifi Ruby Chappelle a Philadelphia a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1919. Iyayenta, Bersie da Pearl Chappelle, sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia daga South Carolina a lokacin Babban Hijira . Bayan ta girma a Philadelphia, Boyd ta nemi aiki a matsayin mai kula da laburare kuma ta nemi shiga Cibiyar Drexel, amma an hana ta shiga saboda launin fatarta. <ref>name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boyd ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Wilberforce kuma ta halarci Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Atlanta, inda ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin Kimiyya da Sabis na Laburare a shekarar 1943. <ref name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da take makaranta a Atlanta, shugaban makarantar firamare ta Philadelphia , John Henry Brodhead, ya yi yaƙi da wariya a gwamnatin birnin, kuma a shekarar 1943, Laburare Mai Kyau na Philadelphia ya yi tallan ɗaukar ma'aikacin laburare na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka. Bayan dawowar Boyd zuwa Philadelphia, ta nemi wannan matsayi, aka naɗa ta a matsayin baƙar fata ta farko a cikin ɗakin laburare na birnin. <ref name="WFN2009" /> Daga baya ta zama baƙar fata ta farko a ɗakin laburare a Gundumar Makaranta ta Philadelphia . <ref name="WFN2009" /> A shekarar 1966, a matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar masu kula da dakunan karatu ta makarantar Philadelphia, ta jagoranci shirya taron mataimakan ɗaliban ɗakin karatu na makarantar. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> == Aiki ga Cocin AME == Kakan Boyd na wajen uwa mai wa'azi ne a Cocin AME kuma mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar Lahadi a Mother Bethel, wurin haihuwar Cocin Episcopal na Afirka; Boyd ta kasance memba na wannan cocin tsawon rai. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga gundumar makarantar Philadelphia, ta sadaukar da aikinta ga adana tarihin Mother Bethel, tare da haɓaka gidan tarihi na Cocin. A shekarar 1982, Boyd ya gyara wani littafi game da Cocin Uwar Bethel mai suna ''On this rock. : uwar tsarin Methodist na Afirka'' . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Chappelle ta auri James T. Boyd, shugaban makaranta, kuma tana da 'ya mace ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> Chappelle Boyd har yanzu tana zaune a Philadelphia har zuwa shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ivy and You, Volume 64, Issue 3 |url=https://www.akaomegaomegachapter.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Mar2018IvyandYou.pdf |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority}}</ref> Ta cika shekara 100 a watan Maris na 2019, kuma Zeta Phi Beta Sorority ta karrama ta a watan Agusta na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soror Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/2507443729441832 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Incorporated – Beta Pi Zeta Chapter on Facebook}}</ref> Boyd ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2024, yana da shekaru 105. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.terryfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Ruby-Boyd?obId=33609754 |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Terry Funeral Home, Inc.}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] g2euotgng18djz2rapd3ykwp9nneqcq 890488 890487 2026-08-02T10:15:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 890488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ruby Chappelle Boyd''' (Maris 18, 1919 - Oktoba 25, 2024) ta kasance ita ce ma'aikaciyar laburare ta farko [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar asalin Afirka]] a birnin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ta kuma yi aiki don adana tarihin Cocin Episcopal na [[Afirka]] . == Rayuwar farko da aiki a ɗakunan karatu == An haifi Ruby Chappelle a Philadelphia a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1919. Iyayenta, Bersie da Pearl Chappelle, sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia daga South Carolina a lokacin Babban Hijira . Bayan ta girma a Philadelphia, Boyd ta nemi aiki a matsayin mai kula da laburare kuma ta nemi shiga Cibiyar Drexel, amma an hana ta shiga saboda launin fatarta.<ref>name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boyd ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Wilberforce kuma ta halarci Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Atlanta, inda ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin Kimiyya da Sabis na Laburare a shekarar 1943. <ref name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da take makaranta a Atlanta, shugaban makarantar firamare ta Philadelphia , John Henry Brodhead, ya yi yaƙi da wariya a gwamnatin birnin, kuma a shekarar 1943, Laburare Mai Kyau na Philadelphia ya yi tallan ɗaukar ma'aikacin laburare na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka. Bayan dawowar Boyd zuwa Philadelphia, ta nemi wannan matsayi, aka naɗa ta a matsayin baƙar fata ta farko a cikin ɗakin laburare na birnin.<ref name="WFN2009" /> Daga baya ta zama baƙar fata ta farko a ɗakin laburare a Gundumar Makaranta ta Philadelphia . <ref name="WFN2009" /> A shekarar 1966, a matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar masu kula da dakunan karatu ta makarantar Philadelphia, ta jagoranci shirya taron mataimakan ɗaliban ɗakin karatu na makarantar. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> == Aiki ga Cocin AME == Kakan Boyd na wajen uwa mai wa'azi ne a Cocin AME kuma mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar Lahadi a Mother Bethel, wurin haihuwar Cocin Episcopal na Afirka; Boyd ta kasance memba na wannan cocin tsawon rai. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga gundumar makarantar Philadelphia, ta sadaukar da aikinta ga adana tarihin Mother Bethel, tare da haɓaka gidan tarihi na Cocin. A shekarar 1982, Boyd ya gyara wani littafi game da Cocin Uwar Bethel mai suna ''On this rock. : uwar tsarin Methodist na Afirka'' . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Chappelle ta auri James T. Boyd, shugaban makaranta, kuma tana da 'ya mace ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> Chappelle Boyd har yanzu tana zaune a Philadelphia har zuwa shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ivy and You, Volume 64, Issue 3 |url=https://www.akaomegaomegachapter.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Mar2018IvyandYou.pdf |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority}}</ref> Ta cika shekara 100 a watan Maris na 2019, kuma Zeta Phi Beta Sorority ta karrama ta a watan Agusta na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soror Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/2507443729441832 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Incorporated – Beta Pi Zeta Chapter on Facebook}}</ref> Boyd ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2024, yana da shekaru 105. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.terryfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Ruby-Boyd?obId=33609754 |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Terry Funeral Home, Inc.}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] tgrfj079cirynb5dh2zxzwzt5nspkuz 890489 890488 2026-08-02T10:16:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 890489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ruby Chappelle Boyd''' (Maris 18, 1919 - Oktoba 25, 2024) ta kasance ita ce ma'aikaciyar laburare ta farko [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar asalin Afirka]] a birnin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ta kuma yi aiki don adana tarihin Cocin Episcopal na [[Afirka]]. == Rayuwar farko da aiki a ɗakunan karatu == An haifi Ruby Chappelle a Philadelphia a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1919. Iyayenta, Bersie da Pearl Chappelle, sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia daga South Carolina a lokacin Babban Hijira . Bayan ta girma a Philadelphia, Boyd ta nemi aiki a matsayin mai kula da laburare kuma ta nemi shiga Cibiyar Drexel, amma an hana ta shiga saboda launin fatarta.<ref>name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boyd ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Wilberforce kuma ta halarci Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Atlanta, inda ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin Kimiyya da Sabis na Laburare a shekarar 1943. <ref name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da take makaranta a Atlanta, shugaban makarantar firamare ta Philadelphia , John Henry Brodhead, ya yi yaƙi da wariya a gwamnatin birnin, kuma a shekarar 1943, Laburare Mai Kyau na Philadelphia ya yi tallan ɗaukar ma'aikacin laburare na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka. Bayan dawowar Boyd zuwa Philadelphia, ta nemi wannan matsayi, aka naɗa ta a matsayin baƙar fata ta farko a cikin ɗakin laburare na birnin.<ref name="WFN2009" /> Daga baya ta zama baƙar fata ta farko a ɗakin laburare a Gundumar Makaranta ta Philadelphia . <ref name="WFN2009" /> A shekarar 1966, a matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar masu kula da dakunan karatu ta makarantar Philadelphia, ta jagoranci shirya taron mataimakan ɗaliban ɗakin karatu na makarantar. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> == Aiki ga Cocin AME == Kakan Boyd na wajen uwa mai wa'azi ne a Cocin AME kuma mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar Lahadi a Mother Bethel, wurin haihuwar Cocin Episcopal na Afirka; Boyd ta kasance memba na wannan cocin tsawon rai. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga gundumar makarantar Philadelphia, ta sadaukar da aikinta ga adana tarihin Mother Bethel, tare da haɓaka gidan tarihi na Cocin. A shekarar 1982, Boyd ya gyara wani littafi game da Cocin Uwar Bethel mai suna ''On this rock. : uwar tsarin Methodist na Afirka'' . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Chappelle ta auri James T. Boyd, shugaban makaranta, kuma tana da 'ya mace ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> Chappelle Boyd har yanzu tana zaune a Philadelphia har zuwa shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ivy and You, Volume 64, Issue 3 |url=https://www.akaomegaomegachapter.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Mar2018IvyandYou.pdf |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority}}</ref> Ta cika shekara 100 a watan Maris na 2019, kuma Zeta Phi Beta Sorority ta karrama ta a watan Agusta na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soror Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/2507443729441832 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Incorporated – Beta Pi Zeta Chapter on Facebook}}</ref> Boyd ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2024, yana da shekaru 105. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.terryfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Ruby-Boyd?obId=33609754 |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Terry Funeral Home, Inc.}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] omvvz5b85e8axth26eijol0gm2kdvra 890490 890489 2026-08-02T10:16:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 890490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ruby Chappelle Boyd''' (Maris 18, 1919 - Oktoba 25, 2024) ta kasance ita ce ma'aikaciyar laburare ta farko [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar asalin Afirka]] a birnin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ta kuma yi aiki don adana tarihin Cocin Episcopal na [[Afirka]]. == Rayuwar farko da aiki a ɗakunan karatu == An haifi Ruby Chappelle a Philadelphia a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1919. Iyayenta, Bersie da Pearl Chappelle, sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia daga South Carolina a lokacin Babban Hijira . Bayan ta girma a Philadelphia, Boyd ta nemi aiki a matsayin mai kula da laburare kuma ta nemi shiga Cibiyar Drexel, amma an hana ta shiga saboda launin fatarta.<ref>name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boyd ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Wilberforce kuma ta halarci Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Atlanta, inda ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin Kimiyya da Sabis na Laburare a shekarar 1943. <ref name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da take makaranta a Atlanta, shugaban makarantar firamare ta Philadelphia , John Henry Brodhead, ya yi yaƙi da wariya a gwamnatin birnin, kuma a shekarar 1943, Laburare Mai Kyau na Philadelphia ya yi tallan ɗaukar ma'aikacin laburare na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka. Bayan dawowar Boyd zuwa Philadelphia, ta nemi wannan matsayi, aka naɗa ta a matsayin baƙar fata ta farko a cikin ɗakin laburare na birnin.<ref name="WFN2009" /> Daga baya ta zama baƙar fata ta farko a ɗakin laburare a Gundumar Makaranta ta Philadelphia . <ref name="WFN2009" /> A shekarar 1966, a matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar masu kula da dakunan karatu ta makarantar Philadelphia, ta jagoranci shirya taron mataimakan ɗaliban ɗakin karatu na makarantar. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> == Aiki ga Cocin AME == Kakan Boyd na wajen uwa mai wa'azi ne a Cocin AME kuma mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar Lahadi a Mother Bethel, wurin haihuwar Cocin Episcopal na Afirka; Boyd ta kasance memba na wannan cocin tsawon rai. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga gundumar makarantar Philadelphia, ta sadaukar da aikinta ga adana tarihin Mother Bethel, tare da haɓaka gidan tarihi na Cocin. A shekarar 1982, Boyd ya gyara wani littafi game da Cocin Uwar Bethel mai suna ''On this rock. : uwar tsarin Methodist na Afirka'' . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Chappelle ta auri James T. Boyd, shugaban makaranta, kuma tana da 'ya mace ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> Chappelle Boyd har yanzu tana zaune a Philadelphia har zuwa shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ivy and You, Volume 64, Issue 3 |url=https://www.akaomegaomegachapter.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Mar2018IvyandYou.pdf |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority}}</ref> Ta cika shekara 100 a watan Maris na 2019, kuma Zeta Phi Beta Sorority ta karrama ta a watan Agusta na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soror Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/2507443729441832 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Incorporated – Beta Pi Zeta Chapter on Facebook}}</ref> Boyd ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2024, yana da shekaru 105.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.terryfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Ruby-Boyd?obId=33609754 |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Terry Funeral Home, Inc.}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] 6b9ziaemnukg40feng7rtz56llqnk3p 890491 890490 2026-08-02T10:17:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 890491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ruby Chappelle Boyd''' (Maris 18, 1919 - Oktoba 25, 2024) ta kasance ita ce ma'aikaciyar laburare ta farko [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar asalin Afirka]] a birnin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ta kuma yi aiki don adana tarihin Cocin Episcopal na [[Afirka]]. == Rayuwar farko da aiki a ɗakunan karatu == An haifi Ruby Chappelle a Philadelphia a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1919. Iyayenta, Bersie da Pearl Chappelle, sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia daga South Carolina a lokacin Babban Hijira . Bayan ta girma a Philadelphia, Boyd ta nemi aiki a matsayin mai kula da laburare kuma ta nemi shiga Cibiyar Drexel, amma an hana ta shiga saboda launin fatarta.<ref>name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boyd ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Wilberforce kuma ta halarci Makarantar Laburare ta Jami'ar Atlanta, inda ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin Kimiyya da Sabis na Laburare a shekarar 1943. <ref name="AlphaKappaAlpha">{{Cite web |title=Boyd, Ruby Chappelle |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020230235/http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/history-research-library-science-1/1521-boyd-ruby-chapell-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da take makaranta a Atlanta, shugaban makarantar firamare ta Philadelphia , John Henry Brodhead, ya yi yaƙi da wariya a gwamnatin birnin, kuma a shekarar 1943, Laburare Mai Kyau na Philadelphia ya yi tallan ɗaukar ma'aikacin laburare na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka. Bayan dawowar Boyd zuwa Philadelphia, ta nemi wannan matsayi, aka naɗa ta a matsayin baƙar fata ta farko a cikin ɗakin laburare na birnin.<ref name="WFN2009" /> Daga baya ta zama baƙar fata ta farko a ɗakin laburare a Gundumar Makaranta ta Philadelphia . <ref name="WFN2009" /> A shekarar 1966, a matsayinta na shugabar ƙungiyar masu kula da dakunan karatu ta makarantar Philadelphia, ta jagoranci shirya taron mataimakan ɗaliban ɗakin karatu na makarantar. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> == Aiki ga Cocin AME == Kakan Boyd na wajen uwa mai wa'azi ne a Cocin AME kuma mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar Lahadi a Mother Bethel, wurin haihuwar Cocin Episcopal na Afirka; Boyd ta kasance memba na wannan cocin tsawon rai. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga gundumar makarantar Philadelphia, ta sadaukar da aikinta ga adana tarihin Mother Bethel, tare da haɓaka gidan tarihi na Cocin. A shekarar 1982, Boyd ya gyara wani littafi game da Cocin Uwar Bethel mai suna ''On this rock. : uwar tsarin Methodist na Afirka'' . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Chappelle ta auri James T. Boyd, shugaban makaranta, kuma tana da 'ya mace ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=February–March 1966 |title=Scientific Information Notes |journal=Scientific Information Notes |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=8}}</ref> Chappelle Boyd har yanzu tana zaune a Philadelphia har zuwa shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ivy and You, Volume 64, Issue 3 |url=https://www.akaomegaomegachapter.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Mar2018IvyandYou.pdf |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority}}</ref> Ta cika shekara 100 a watan Maris na 2019, kuma Zeta Phi Beta Sorority ta karrama ta a watan Agusta na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soror Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/2507443729441832 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Incorporated – Beta Pi Zeta Chapter on Facebook}}</ref> Boyd ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2024, yana da shekaru 105.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruby Boyd |url=https://www.terryfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Ruby-Boyd?obId=33609754 |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Terry Funeral Home, Inc.}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] eaky9gdcept4btk50rdt61uxata4bsl 0 140084 890333 792564 2026-08-01T21:46:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Vinkhakanimba''' (wanda kuma ake rubutawa '''Vikamkanimba''', '''Vinkakanimba''' ko '''Vinkhamkanimba''' ) biki ne na al'adun mutanen Tumbuka na shekara-shekara wanda ake gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin ikon Babban Sarki Muyombe a cikin Muyombe da kewaye, Gundumar Mafinga, Lardin Muchinga, [[Zambiya|Zambia]] . <ref> name="Muchinga2024">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=Muchinga DPS Rev Chilekwa Graces Vinkhakanimba Ceremony |url=https://www.muc.gov.zm/?p=4093 |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=Muchinga Province Government (muc.gov.zm)}}</ref> <ref>name="MiA2016">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2016 |title=Vikamkanimba Tribal Ceremony |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=Music in Africa |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114102408/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bikin ya ƙunshi wasannin rawa na gargajiya, jawabai daga hukumomin gargajiya da jami'an da aka gayyata, da kuma bukukuwan jama'a da suka shafi asalin Tumbuka a arewa maso gabashin Zambia. <ref> name="Muchinga2024" </ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumbuka {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tumbuka |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> == Tarihi == Vinkhakanimba ya fara ne a farkon karni na 17 bayan da mutanen Tumbuka suka fara fadada daga Masarautar Nkhamanga . Al'ummar Tumbuka na Mafinga da wasu sassan gundumar Isoka ne suka gudanar da raye-rayen. === Rubuce-rubuce === Sunan bikin ya bayyana a cikin haruffa da dama kamar ''Vinkhakanimba'', ''Vikamkanimba'', ''Vinkakanimba'' da ''Vinkhamkanimba'' a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gida da jerin abubuwan da suka faru. Jerin sunayen gwamnati da al'adu sun amince da bikin a ƙarƙashin Babban Cif Muyombe, kuma kundin adireshi na al'adun kiɗa sun lura da bambancin ''Vikamkanimba'' dangane da wannan taron a Muyombe. <ref> name="Muchinga2024">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=Muchinga DPS Rev Chilekwa Graces Vinkhakanimba Ceremony |url=https://www.muc.gov.zm/?p=4093 |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=Muchinga Province Government (muc.gov.zm)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.muc.gov.zm/?p=4093 "Muchinga DPS Rev Chilekwa Graces Vinkhakanimba Ceremony"]. ''Muchinga Province Government (muc.gov.zm)''. 26 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>name="MiA2016">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2016 |title=Vikamkanimba Tribal Ceremony |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=Music in Africa |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114102408/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony "Vikamkanimba Tribal Ceremony"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114102408/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony |date=2025-01-14 }}. ''Music in Africa''. 14 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Wuri, lokaci da kuma masu masaukin baki == Masarautar Muyombe ce ke daukar nauyin Vinkhakanimba a gundumar Mafinga. Sadarwa ta hukuma da kuma watsa shirye-shiryen taron sun sanya babban filin wasa a ko kusa da Muyombe, inda aka saba shirya bikin a karshen watan Agusta ko kuma a watan Satumba, ya danganta da shirye-shiryen yankin. <ref name="Muchinga2024"/> <ref name="MiA2016">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2016 |title=Vikamkanimba Tribal Ceremony |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=Music in Africa |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114102408/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony "Vikamkanimba Tribal Ceremony"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114102408/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/vikamkanimba-tribal-ceremony |date=2025-01-14 }}. ''Music in Africa''. 14 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ra'ayoyin kai tsaye daga masu watsa labarai na gida da kafofin watsa labarai na al'umma sun yaɗa taron daga gundumar Mafinga a cikin bugu na baya-bayan nan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumbuka {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tumbuka |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2025 |title=VINKHAKANIMBA TRADITIONAL CEREMONY OF THE TUMBUKA PEOPLE OF MUYOMBE, MAFINGA DISTRICT |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLEwu-C-UFM |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=YouTube (Cultural Heritage channel)}}</ref> === Shirin da kuma wasanni === Shirin bikin ya ƙunshi jerin gwanon shugabannin gargajiya, gaisuwa ga Babban Sarki Muyombe, da kuma jerin waƙoƙin rawa da ƙungiyoyin suka yi daga yankin da ake magana da Tumbuka. Nau'ikan waƙoƙin da ake nunawa galibi sun haɗa da mganda /mapenenga da sauran salon yanki, tare da waƙoƙin ganga da kira da amsa. <ref name="MiA2016"/> Hotunan watsa labarai da kafofin sada zumunta suna nuna wasannin fage akai-akai, wakilan al'umma, da ƙungiyoyin ziyara daga masarautu maƙwabta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumbuka {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tumbuka |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumbuka {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tumbuka |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> == Muhimmancin al'adu == Ga al'ummomin masarautar Muyombe da kuma yankin da ke magana da harshen Tumbuka, ana ikirarin cewa ayyukan Vinkhakanimba sun kasance hanyar watsa al'adu, amincewa da ikon gargajiya ga jama'a, da kuma haɗin kan al'umma. Hukumomin larduna sun bayyana bikin a matsayin wani dandali na isar da saƙon jama'a, wayar da kan jama'a game da lafiyar jama'a da kuma kiyaye al'adu a gundumar Mafinga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumbuka {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tumbuka |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> <ref name="Muchinga2024"/> == Bugun kwanan nan == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu watsa shirye-shirye na yankin da shafukan al'umma sun watsa bikin a bainar jama'a, suna ba da labarin isowar Babban Hafsan Muyombe da kuma ayyukan da ƙungiyoyin da aka gayyata suka yi. Rahoton ya gano wurin taron a gundumar Mafinga kuma ya nuna halartar sarakuna da wakilai maƙwabta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumbuka {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tumbuka |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tumbuka {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tumbuka |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2025 |title=VINKHAKANIMBA TRADITIONAL CEREMONY OF THE TUMBUKA PEOPLE OF MUYOMBE, MAFINGA DISTRICT |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLEwu-C-UFM |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=YouTube (Cultural Heritage channel)}}</ref> == Alaƙa da sauran bukukuwan Tumbuka == A cikin ƙasar Zambia, Vinkhakanimba yana ɗaya daga cikin bukukuwan shekara-shekara da aka haɗa da Tumbuka tare da Bikin Gargajiya na Kulonga (Gundumar Lundazi) da Zengani (yankin Chasefu/Lundazi), waɗanda suma suna aiki a matsayin wuraren rawa, nunin al'adu da musayar al'adu tsakanin al'ummomi. <ref name="Muchinga2024">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2024 |title=Muchinga DPS Rev Chilekwa Graces Vinkhakanimba Ceremony |url=https://www.muc.gov.zm/?p=4093 |access-date=3 September 2025 |website=Muchinga Province Government (muc.gov.zm)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.muc.gov.zm/?p=4093 "Muchinga DPS Rev Chilekwa Graces Vinkhakanimba Ceremony"]. ''Muchinga Province Government (muc.gov.zm)''. 26 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="MiA2016"/> == Duba kuma == * Mutanen Tumbuka == Manazarta == kh8bpp1uw7zk4vfuk1hnyqnsml1vltc 0 140999 890556 796551 2026-08-02T11:52:37Z BnHamid 12586 890556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shaban-i Veli (Turkiyya: Şaban-ı Veli) kuma an rubuta shi da sunan Sha’ban Wali (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 976 H/1569 miladiyya), shi ne waliyyin Sufi na Daular Usmaniyya daga Kastamonu, kuma ya kafa reshen Shabaniyya na tsarin Khalwatiyya[1]. An horar da shi kuma ya kasance murid (almajirin) Hayreddin Tokadi na Bolu. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a gundumar Taşköprü ta Kastamonu . Wani muhimmin bangare na bayanin game da rayuwarsa ya dogara ne akan aikin Ömer Fuâdî, [[Shehu|sheikh]] na biyar na Şaban-ı Velî Dergah, mai suna ''Menâk Tib-ı Şerîf-i Pir-i Halveti Hazret-i Sā'bân-ı Veli'' . Ömer Fuadi bai ba da bayani game da ranar haihuwarsa ba. A cikin bayanan kwanan nan, an ambaci shekaru 902 (1497) da 905 (1499-1500) don haihuwarsa. An yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a cikin 886 AH (1481 AD) bisa ga rikodin a cikin lasisin Shabani na baya-bayan nan (''[[Ijazah|icâzetnâme]]''), kuma an bayyana cewa an ba da wannan kwanan wata a cikin jerin da aka samu a Gidan Tarihi na Şaban-ı Velî . Shaban-i Veli ya rasa mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami kuma wani sissy (''hanım ev ya''). Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Taşköprü, ya yi karatun [[Tafsiri|tafsir]] da [[Hadisi|hadith]] kuma ya sami lasisinsa daga [[Khawaja|Hodja]] Veli ɗan Osman, wanda aka binne a Kabarin Masallacin Abdürrezzak a Kastamonu . Daga baya, ya tafi [[Istanbul]] don karatunsa kuma ya zauna a daya daga cikin [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasas]] a gundumar Fatih (Constantinople). Bayanan da ke akwai suna nuna wannan makarantar ta kasance Karadeniz Bashkirsunlu Madrasa, inda ya yi karatun kimiyya mai tsarki kamar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], tafsir da hadisi na tsawon shekaru tara, kuma an nada shi a matsayin sheikh da malami a Masallacin Eyüp. Wannan bayanin ba a haɗa shi a cikin tsoffin tushe ba.<ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> Tare da Ömer Fuâdî, ɗaya daga cikin sheikhs na Shabani, Ibrahim ya rubuta wani menâk Tibnâme [tr] game da Shaban-i Velî, wanda ya kira ''Tezkiretü'l-Has''. Sheikh na karshe na Shabân-ı Veli Dergah, Mehmed Ataullah Efendi (Armay), ya rubuta wani kari ga Ömer Fuâdî's ''Menâk Tibname'' . Kamar yadda Halvetiyye shine tsari mafi girma, tsari na Shabaniyya a ciki shine tsari mafi yawanci tare da rassa da yawa. Shabaniyya ta kasance a cikin ƙasa mai faɗi daga Anatolia, Balkans, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Siriya]] da [[Hijaz|Hejaz]] zuwa cikin [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka]].<ref name="TDV" /> == Yankuna huɗu na Anatolia == Shaban-i Veli an yarda da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin sanduna huɗu (''aqtab'') na Anatolia ta dukkan da'irorin tariqa, sauran su ne [[Rumi|Mawlana Rumi]], Haji Bektash Veli, da Haji Bayram Veli. <ref name="TDV">{{Cite web |title=ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/saban-i-veli |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Sufaye]] gojqn1actwqipjnv1xllw5sh65q9xrj 0 141143 890179 796990 2026-08-01T14:42:54Z BnHamid 12586 890179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:The_Hornpipe_by_Andries_Dirksz_Both.jpg|thumb|''The Hornpipe'' daga Andries Both]] Busar '''ƙaho''' tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan rawa da waƙoƙin da ke da alaƙa da ita, ana bugawa da rawa a Burtaniya da Ireland da kuma wasu wurare tun daga ƙarni na 16 har zuwa yau. Har yanzu ana yin rawar a gasa. Busar ƙaho na George Frideric Handel daga ''Water Music'' yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun waƙoƙinsa. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Warspite_cadets_dancing_the_hornpipe_1928.jpg|thumb|'Yan kade-kade na sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya suna rawa da ƙahon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a shekarar 1928]] [[Fayil:Grown_Gentlemen_taught_to_Dance_(BM_1892,0714.725).jpg|thumb|194x194px|"Grown Gentlemen An Koyar da Rawa" (1767) ya nuna koyarwar [[Rawar ƙasa|rawa ta ƙauye]] . Littafin ƙaho yana bayyane a ƙafafun mai kida.]] Bututun ƙaho wani nau'in kayan kida ne na iska. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake so a cikin takamaiman bututun ƙaho wanda wataƙila ya jawo sunansa ga rawa shine masarar pib . {{Rp|544}}Babu wata hujja bayyananna da ke nuna cewa an sanya wa rawa suna ne bayan wani kayan kida, kuma an gabatar da wasu ma'anoni daban-daban. Akwai tarin bayanai game da busa ƙaho a cikin adabi. Fassarar Geoffrey Chaucer ta ƙarni na 14 ta littafin ''The Romanunt of the Rose'' ta ambaci busa ƙaho a matsayin kayan kida na Cornish. {{Rp|143}}A cikin wani ƙasida mai suna ''Old Meg of Hereford-shire'', an bayyana rawar hornpipe a matsayin samfurin Lancashire . Michael Drayton ya zauna a kan "Lancastrian nymphs" yana rawa hornpipe a cikin ''Poly-Olbion'' (1612). A cikin ''The King's Entertainment at Welbeck'' (1633), Ben Jonson ya bayyana ta a matsayin rawar da ta samo asali daga [[Nottingham]] da Darbishire . {{Rp|544f}} Bututun ƙaho ya zama abin da ake yawan gani a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ingila. Masu rawa za su yi bututun ƙaho tsakanin manyan ayyukan dandamali. An sanya wa waƙoƙi da yawa suna bayan masu rawa da suka yi su: Fishar's Hornpipe, Aldridge's Hornpipe, Richar's Hornpipe, Miss Baker's Hornpipe, West's Hornpipe, Durang's Hornpipe, da sauransu. {{Rp|26}}Ɗaya daga cikin raye-rayen da aka saba yi shi ne " ƙaron matukin jirgi ", inda mai wasan kwaikwayo zai bayyana a matsayin Jack Tar kuma ya kwaikwayi rayuwar jirgin ruwa. A ƙarni na 19, ikon rawa ƙaho wani ɓangare ne na kayan aikin mai nishadantarwa. Wani tatsuniya ya mamaye wanda ya canza asalin ƙaho. A wasu labaran, matuƙan jirgin ruwa ne suka ƙirƙiro shi. A gaskiya ma, matuƙan jirgin ruwa kamar [[James Cook|Kyaftin Cook]] sun ɗauki rawar da aka fi so a cikin jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke da ɗan sarari kaɗan. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama sanannen abin sha'awa kuma wani ɓangare na horon Royal Navy . [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ya ambaci bututun ƙaho a cikin ''Dombey &amp;amp; Son'' da ''Martin Chuzzlewit'' . Shi ma ƙwararren ɗan rawa ne na bututun ƙaho na matukin jirgin ruwa. Thomas Hardy ya bayyana [[Rawar ƙasa|rawar ƙauye]] a cikin babi na bakwai na ''Under the Greenwood Tree'' (1872). A cikin wasiƙarsa ta 1926, ya tuna cewa dole ne ya yi la'akari da " College Hornpipe ", da sauran rawa. Ya kuma haɗa da bayanin bututun ƙaho yayin da yake tunawa da shi shekaru sittin bayan haka. == Rawa == [[Fayil:"The_Richmond"_hornpipe_notation.png|thumb|Alamar Beauchamp-Feuillet don "The Richmond", wata rawa mai kama da ƙaho (1706). ]] Siffar [[Rawar ƙasa|rawa ta ƙauye]] ta ƙaho ta bambanta da rawar mataki ɗaya. Ma'aurata suna aiwatar da matakai da juyawa iri-iri marasa iyaka. A cikin littafin jagorar rawa na 1816, "Kwalejin ƙaho" yana buƙatar, a tsakanin sauran motsi, "manyan ma'aurata su yi lilo da hannun dama a zagaye ma'aurata na biyu, sannan su yi lilo da hannun hagu". A ƙarni na 18, an yi amfani da ƙwararrun masu rawa sosai don koyar da waɗannan rawa ga al'adun Ingilishi. {{Rp|278}}Akwai ƙaho a cikin rubutun Beauchamp-Feuillet . Yawanci ana rawa da buɗaɗɗen ƙaho da hannuwa a naɗe don nuna ƙarfi. Wani masanin tarihin rawa ya bayyana tsayuwa a matsayin nuni ga ruhin Ingilishi, "Ana ajiye ɓangaren sama na jiki cikin kwanciyar hankali, yayin da ƙananan gaɓoɓi ke aiwatar da motsi mafi rikitarwa, sauri, da wahala. Shin duk wannan ba dabi'ar Turanci ba ce? A bayyana a cikin nutsuwa da taruwa a cikin yanayi da aka ƙididdige don haifar da yanayin tashin hankali na jiki da na hankali." Wani mai sharhi kan harkokin tafiye-tafiye a shekarar 1798 ya bayyana yadda ake rawa da busassun ƙaho a wani wasa a [[Wales]], "An kammala wasan ne ta hanyar fafatawa tsakanin 'yan'uwa biyu, waɗanda suka yi rawa da busassun ƙaho guda biyu daban-daban da ƙarfi da tsoka, nau'ikan matakai da juriya marasa sassauci, waɗanda suka wuce duk abin da muka gani." Amsar da mata suka bayar za ta kasance kamar biliyoyin mutane . === Gasar === A gasar, ƙaho rawa ce ta takalma mai tauri, wadda ke ba wa alkalai damar jin matakan. A ƙasar Ireland, maza ne ke yin rawa a al'ada. Masu rawa za su yi amfani da ɗan gajeren lokaci don nuna ƙwarewarsu. An Coimisiún Le Rincí Gaelacha yana buƙatar ƙaramin saurin gudu a gasar bugun 76 a minti ɗaya, kuma matsakaicin saurin gudu shine 113 bpm. == Kiɗa == Ana amfani da bututun ƙaho a matsayin mita uku kamar 3 2, 6 2, 9 4, ko 9 8. A shekara ta 1776, John Hawkins ya bayyana cewa, "Auna bututun ƙaho sau uku ne na crotchets shida a cikin sandar, waɗanda za a doke huɗu da ƙasa, biyu kuma da hannu sama." A shekara ta 1853, William Stenhouse ya yi farin ciki da cewa an buga waƙoƙi kamar "Wee Totum Fogg", "The Dusty Miller", "Go to Berwick, Johnnie", "Mount your Baggage", "Robin Shure in Har'est" a Scotland "time out of mind". Waƙoƙin da aka jera a ƙarni na 18 a cikin tarin littattafai kamar rubutun William Dixon sun kasance kusan ba su canza ba lokacin da masu aikin ƙarni na 20 kamar Tom Clough suka rubuta su. A lokacin da John Playford ke yin amfani da waƙoƙin ƙaho a cikin tarin waƙoƙi kamar ''Apollo's Banquet'' (1669), ana iya rarraba waƙoƙin zuwa ƙananan nau'ikan waƙoƙi kamar bagpipe-hornpipes, jig-hornpipes, ko hornpipe-jigs. Wani muhimmin fasali na ƙaho shine rarrabuwa a cikin waƙar da ke ba da damar maimaitawa da bambance-bambance. {{Rp|544}}A 9 8 hornpipe, ko slip jig, kamar "Mad Moll" ya fuskanci bayyanannu da dama. Ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na John Gay mai suna ''Polly'' (1729). An sake rubuta shi sau biyu a cikin ''The Dancing Master'', sau ɗaya a matsayin "Mad Moll" sannan kuma a matsayin "The Virgin Queen". <ref name="Chap" /> {{Rp|603f}}   Sau da yawa ana amfani da busar ƙaho a cikin ɗakunan rawa ta hanyar mawakan Baroque kamar Guillaume de Morlaye, Antony Holborne, William Byrd, da Thomas Arne . Hornepype na Hugh Aston na 1522 yana ɗaya daga cikin misalan farko da aka sani na mawaƙi wanda ya rubuta waƙa don rawa. Henry Purcell da George Frideric Handel sun haɗa busar ƙaho kuma sun ɗauki salon a matsayin na musamman na Turanci. :119–20 Waƙar Purcell mai suna "Hornpipe No. 8" daga waƙar ''Abdelazer'' (1695) an rubuta ta ne ta Playford. Waƙar hornpipe ta kuma samar da abin da ya dace da ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun waƙoƙin kiɗan gargajiya a cikin ''Waƙar Ruwa'' ta Handel (1717). An yi wa wannan motsi lakabi da "Alla Hornpipe", alamar Handel da aka yi amfani da ita a ''Semele'' (1744). A wannan lokacin, hornpipes ya zama gajeriyar hanya don rashin kulawa a cikin waƙar gargajiya. A ƙarni na 19, ƙahon ya rikide ya zama lokaci na gama gari ( 4 4 ) da nau'ikansa. " The Sailor's Hornpipe " shine waƙar da aka fi sani da ita daga wannan salon na ƙarshe. Daidai da waƙar ta bambanta da waƙar da aka yi da ƙaho kamar "The Harvest Home". An san wani nau'in waƙar nan biyu da suna "Newcastle Style". An rubuta ƙaho da yawa a cikin ƙarni na 19, kamar "The Groves" da "The Boys of Bluehill" a Ireland. {{Rp|23, 41}}Mai sayar da giya da kuma mai tallata giya James Hill fitaccen mawaƙin Ingila ne mai rubuta ƙaho. Bayan kisan gillar Shugaba James A. Garfield a shekarar 1881, an rubuta ƙaho don girmama shi. == Duba kuma ==   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lg0shlmndrqj9t0yns0b05p9wed49im 0 141280 890220 818691 2026-08-01T16:06:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tofazzal Hossain''' (5 ga Oktoba 1935 - 5 ga Disamba 2015) ya kasance mai fafutukar yaren Bangladesh, ma'aikacin gwamnati, ɗan jarida, mawaƙi, marubuci da marubuci. An ba shi lambar yabo tare da Ekushey Padak a cikin 2013 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=একুশে পদকপ্রাপ্ত সুধীবৃন্দ |url=https://moca.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/moca.portal.gov.bd/page/7e22de29_5250_4bed_bd62_a032ea740a55/Ekushe%20Padak%20list%20up%20to%2018.pdf |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Ministry of Cultural Affairs |language=bn |archive-date=5 January 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200105102005/https://moca.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/moca.portal.gov.bd/page/7e22de29_5250_4bed_bd62_a032ea740a55/Ekushe%20Padak%20list%20up%20to%2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Hossain a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1935 a Rameshwar a Daudkandi na Comilla . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2015 |title=ভাষাসৈনিক তোফাজ্জল হোসেন আর নেই |url=https://www.desh.tv/national/details/31142-ভাষাসৈনিক-তোফাজ্জল-হোসেন-আর-নেই |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Desh TV |language=bn}}</ref> Ya sami digiri na biyu da karatun digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref name="e">{{Cite web |date=17 February 2019 |title=তোফাজ্জল হোসেন |url=https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2019/02/17/237011.php |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Bhorer Kagoj |language=bn |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116101834/https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2019/02/17/237011.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga aikinsa na sana'a ya kuma rubuta littattafai. Hossain ya fara aikinsa a aikin jarida a The Daily Ittefaq a matsayin mataimakin edita. Daga baya, ya shiga aikin gwamnati a shekarar 1967.<ref name="e"/> Ya kasance ƙarin babban jami'in bayanai na Sashen Bayanai.<ref name="b">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2017 |title=ভাষাসংগ্রামী তোফাজ্জল হোসেনের মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী ৫ ডিসেম্বর |url=https://m.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/757061.details |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Banglanews24.com |language=bn |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116101835/https://m.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/757061.details |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hossain ya shiga cikin Harshen Harshe a matsayin mawaki da marubuci.<ref name="a2">{{Cite web |date=5 December 2017 |title=কবি ও ভাষাসৈনিক তোফাজ্জল হোসেনের মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী আজ |url=https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2017/12/05/168437.php |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Bhorer Kagoj |language=bn |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116101835/https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2017/12/05/168437.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma shiga cikin zanga-zangar zanga-zambe, hoton hoto da rubutun bango.<ref name="e2">{{Cite web |date=17 February 2019 |title=তোফাজ্জল হোসেন |url=https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2019/02/17/237011.php |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Bhorer Kagoj |language=bn |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116101834/https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2019/02/17/237011.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An haɗa waƙoƙi biyu a cikin tarihin ''Ekushey Fabrairu'' wanda [[Hasan Hafizur Rahman]] ya shirya. Hossain ne ya rubuta waƙar waɗannan.<ref name="a2" /> Taken waƙar shine "Rokto Sorone Tomra Ajike Tomake Soron Kori".<ref name="b2">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2017 |title=ভাষাসংগ্রামী তোফাজ্জল হোসেনের মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী ৫ ডিসেম্বর |url=https://m.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/757061.details |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Banglanews24.com |language=bn |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116101835/https://m.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/757061.details |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya karbi Ekushey Padak a shekarar 2013 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga Harshen Harshe. Ya kasance ɗan'uwan [[Bangla Academy|Kwalejin Bangla]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ফেলোবৃন্দ |url=https://banglaacademy.org.bd/?page_id=1543 |access-date=13 January 2020 |website=Bangla Academy |language=bn |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410154813/https://banglaacademy.org.bd/?page_id=1543 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hossain ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2015 yana da shekaru 80. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2015 |title=ভাষা সৈনিক তোফাজ্জল হোসেনের ইন্তেকাল |url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/news/2015/12/06/113791 |access-date=16 January 2020 |language=bn |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116101836/https://www.bd-pratidin.com/news/2015/12/06/113791 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == === Waƙoƙi === * ''Hridoy Roktorage''<ref name="f">{{Cite web |date=5 December 2015 |title=ভাষাসংগ্রামী তোফাজ্জল হোসেনের মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী আজ |url=https://www.ekushey-tv.com/ভাষাসংগ্রামী-তোফাজ্জল-হোসেনের-মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী-আজ/57829 |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Ekushey Television |language=bn}}</ref> * ''Ekush Vubonmoy''<ref name="a">{{Cite web |date=5 December 2017 |title=কবি ও ভাষাসৈনিক তোফাজ্জল হোসেনের মৃত্যুবার্ষিকী আজ |url=https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2017/12/05/168437.php |access-date=16 January 2020 |website=Bhorer Kagoj |language=bn |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116101835/https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/print-edition/2017/12/05/168437.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Notun Mai Shari'a Mai Farin Ciki''<ref name="f" /> * ''Kobita Somogro''<ref name="a" /> === Littafin bincike === * ''Jonosongkhya Bisforon O Agami Prithibi''<ref name="f"/> * ''Shishu: Bishwa O Bangladesh Prekshapoth ''<ref name="a"/> * ''Biponno Prithibi Biponono Jonopod''<ref name="f" /> * ''Kashmir: Itihas Kotha Koy ''<ref name="a" /> * ''Safolyer Sondhane''<ref name="f" /> * ''Jatisongho Ebong Lyndon Johnson''<ref name="a" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] ra2ucx911wrpumj3ps1gau5wr13zvdw 0 142527 890303 818841 2026-08-01T21:11:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Victoria Jane Foxcroft''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Maris 1977) 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya wacce ta kasance ' yar majalisar dokoki (MP) mai wakiltar Lewisham North, wacce a da Lewisham Deptford ce, tun daga shekarar 2015. Tsohuwar jami'ar ƙungiyar kwadago ce kuma 'yar majalisar Lewisham ce daga 2010 zuwa 2014. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Victoria Foxcroft a ranar 9 ga Maris, 1977 a Chorley . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vicky Foxcroft |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pub/vicky-foxcroft/4/16/911 |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=LinkedIn |quote=Birthday: March 9}}</ref> <ref name="guardian-power-dressed">{{Cite web |date=1 October 2018 |title=SLP Column on Further Education Cuts |url=https://www.vickyfoxcroft.org.uk/uncategorised/2018/10/01/555/ |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=Vicky Foxcroft's website |quote=Without that second chance, I would not have been able to go on to study Drama and Business Studies at DeMontford University}}</ref> Ta fuskanci cin zarafi a lokacin yarintarta. Ta yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin wasan kwaikwayo da kasuwanci a Jami'ar De Montfort tsakanin 1996 da 2000. <ref name="guardian-power-dressed" /> Foxcroft ta kasance memba na jam'iyyar Labour tun 1997, kuma ta zauna a taron manufofin jam'iyyar na ƙasa . <ref name="politicos-guide" /> Daga 2010 zuwa Mayu 2014 ta kasance kansila a yankin Brockley a Majalisar Lewisham . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vicky Foxcroft, MP for Lewisham Deptford |url=http://www.labour.org.uk/people/detail/vicky-foxcroft |access-date=5 May 2015 |publisher=Labour Party}}</ref> <ref name="lewisham-deptford-labour-about">{{Cite web |title=Vicky Foxcroft- Your Labour Candidate for Lewisham Deptford |url=http://www.lewishamdeptfordlabour.org.uk/about |access-date=5 June 2015 |publisher=Labour Party }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, Foxcroft ta zama jami'a a Ƙungiyar Injiniya da Lantarki ta Amalgamated (AEEU), ta ci gaba har zuwa haɗakar AEEU zuwa Amicus a shekara ta 2001, da kuma haɗakar Amicus zuwa Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan a shekara ta 2007. Ta kasance jami'ar bincike daga 2002 zuwa 2005; jami'ar siyasa daga 2005 zuwa 2009, kuma jami'ar ɓangaren kuɗi daga 2009 zuwa 2015. == Aikin majalisar dokoki == A babban zaɓen 2015, an zaɓi Foxcroft a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Lewisham Deptford da kashi 60.2% na ƙuri'u da kuma rinjayen 21,516. <ref name="electoralcalculus2015">{{Cite web |title=Election Data 2015 |url=http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112223/http://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/electdata_2015.txt |archive-date=17 October 2015 |access-date=17 October 2015 |publisher=[[Electoral Calculus]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2015 |title=Election results for Lewisham Deptford, 7 May 2015 |url=http://councilmeetings.lewisham.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=22&RPID=38836307 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204402/http://councilmeetings.lewisham.gov.uk/mgElectionAreaResults.aspx?XXR=0&ID=22&RPID=38836307 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=councilmeetings.lewisham.gov.uk}}</ref> Foxcroft ta yi jawabinta na farko a muhawara kan Dokar Scotland a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2015, inda ta yi ambaton waƙoƙi daga Jaridar The Red Flag . Bayan zaɓen Jeremy Corbyn a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour a watan Satumba na 2015, an naɗa Foxcroft a matsayin bulala. Ta goyi bayan Owen Smith a zaɓen shugabancin jam'iyyar Labour (UK) na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Full list of MPs and MEPs backing challenger Owen Smith |url=https://labourlist.org/2016/07/which-mps-and-meps-have-nominated-owen-smith/ |access-date=15 July 2019 |website=LabourList}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, Foxcroft ta kafa Hukumar Cin Zarafin Matasa ta jam'iyyu daban-daban, wadda take ci gaba da jagorantarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Youth Violence Commission website |url=http://yvcommission.com/ |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=Youth Violence Commission website |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808095103/http://yvcommission.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A babban zaɓen 2017, an sake zaɓen Foxcroft a matsayin ɗan majalisar Lewisham Deptford da ƙarin kaso na ƙuri'u da kashi 77% da kuma ƙarin rinjaye na 34,899. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement of persons nominated and notice of poll, Lewisham Deptford |url=https://www.lewisham.gov.uk/mayorandcouncil/elections/Documents/NoticeOfPollLewishamDeptford.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706080333/http://www.lewisham.gov.uk/mayorandcouncil/elections/Documents/NoticeOfPollLewishamDeptford.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2017 |access-date=20 May 2017 |publisher=lewisham.gov.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2019 |orig-date=7 April 2018 |title=Commons Briefing Paper 7979. General Election 2017: results and analysis |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7979/CBP-7979.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112183438/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7979/CBP-7979.pdf |archive-date=12 November 2019 |publisher=[[House of Commons Library]] |edition=Second}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2019 aka naɗa Foxcroft a matsayin Ministan Inuwa na Ƙungiyoyin Farar Hula. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=Labour frontbench update: Reed and Foxcroft reshuffled |url=https://labourlist.org/2019/06/labour-frontbench-update-reed-and-foxcroft-reshuffled/ |access-date=5 July 2019 |publisher=Labour List}}</ref> A [[2019 United Kingdom general election|babban zaɓen 2019]], an sake zaɓen Foxcroft, inda aka samu raguwar kaso 70.8% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, sannan aka samu raguwar rinjayen kuri'u 32,913. <ref>{{Cite web |title=General election results 2019 |url=https://lewisham.gov.uk/mayorandcouncil/elections/results/general-election-results-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182531/https://lewisham.gov.uk/mayorandcouncil/elections/results/general-election-results-2019 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=Lewisham Council}}</ref> Foxcroft ta goyi bayan Lisa Nandy a zaɓen shugabancin jam'iyyar Labour na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2020 |title=I'm proud to throw my support behind @lisanandy to be our next leader. She has what it takes to reunite our movement & bring together people in seats like mine with seats like hers |url=https://twitter.com/vickyfoxcroft/status/1213230536258473984 |access-date=4 January 2019 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> Foxcroft ta goyi bayan rage shekarun kaɗa ƙuri'a zuwa 16, inda za ta jagoranci jam'iyyar APG don ƙuri'u a shekaru 16. <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Commons - Register Of All-Party Parliamentary Groups as at 1 July 2020: Votes at 16 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmallparty/200701/votes-at-16.htm |access-date=5 July 2020 |website=publications.parliament.uk}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2025)">ana buƙatar tushen da ba na asali ba</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Foxcroft ta yi tambaya a watan Afrilun 2021 game da abin da ake ganin shine tambaya ta farko da aka taɓa yi a Tambayoyin Firayim Minista a Harshen Kurame na Burtaniya, wanda hakan ya jawo hankali ga rashin mai fassara harshen kurame a taron manema labarai na Boris Johnson . [1] Yayin da ake watsa shirye-shiryen manema labarai tare da mai fassara a kan allo, Foxcroft ya nuna damuwa game da rashin mai fassara a kan dandamali. Akwai ƙalubale da dama na shari'a da ke tattare da wannan dalili yana iƙirarin cewa gwamnati tana karya dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] odt8btkh16jcg63brb89n06oqpebxfl 0 142828 890485 824209 2026-08-02T10:07:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An Apology for Mohammed and the Koran littafi ne na 1869 na [[John Davenport (orientalist)|John Davenport]] wanda marubucin ya ba da labarin gamuwarsa da Islama. == Karɓar baƙi == An fassara shi zuwa Larabci, Farisa da Urdu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=An Apology for Mohammed PBUH and the Koran by John Davenport {{!}} 1789-1877 |url=https://nayrang.com/an-apology-for-mohammed-pbuh-and-the-koran-by-john-davenport/ |website=Nayrang |language=ur |access-date=4 March 2026 |archive-date=17 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617231801/https://nayrang.com/an-apology-for-mohammed-pbuh-and-the-koran-by-john-davenport/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=تحميل دفاع وإعتذار لمحمد (ص) والقرآن موبي على كتب موبي ™ |url=https://agatha-christie.site/kutib_mubi-df_w_tdhr_lmhmd_s_wlqran_36161.html |website=agatha-christie.site |access-date=2026-03-04 |archive-date=2026-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260304142242/https://agatha-christie.site/kutib_mubi-df_w_tdhr_lmhmd_s_wlqran_36161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ULUSLARARASI TÜRK DÜNYASININ İSLAMİYETE KATKILARI SEMPOZYUMU |url=http://ktp.isam.org.tr/pdfdrg/D172590/2007/2007_ERSAHINS.pdf |access-date=2026-03-04 |archive-date=2024-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705023753/http://ktp.isam.org.tr/pdfdrg/D172590/2007/2007_ERSAHINS.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>[4] <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2020 |title=Prophet Muhammad - A Rarest Genius of the World |url=https://islamigems.com/prophet-muhammad-a-rarest-genius-of-the-world-author-john-davenport/ |website=IslamiGems}}</ref> Farisa ta littafin ta lashe littafin sarauta na Iran.[5] [[Ali Khamenei]] ya yaba da littafin kuma ya ce: "Davenport ba Musulmi ba ne amma tun da yake mutum ne mai ilimi da fahimta, lokacin da yake kallon gaskiyar Alkur'ani da kuma ƙarfin ayoyin wannan littafin, ya fahimci cewa waɗannan gaskiyar ba daga iyakantaccen tunanin ɗan adam ba ne kuma saboda haka ba za a iya musanta su ba. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2016 |title=Ayatollah Khamenei explains why Davenport wrote "An Apology to Muhammad and Quran" |url=https://english.khamenei.ir/news/3598/Ayatollah-Khamenei-explains-why-Davenport-wrote-An-Apology-to |website=Khamenei.ir |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Muhammad]] owfi11t8qur7nxyva276xu2ufsvwrg5 0 144748 890153 807642 2026-08-01T14:30:31Z BnHamid 12586 890153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marjory Stephenson''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1885 - ta mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1948) Masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 1945, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da aka zaba Fellow na Royal Society, ɗayan kuma [[Kathleen Lonsdale]] ne. <ref name="frs">{{Cite journal |last=Robertson |first=Muriel |author-link=Muriel Robertson FRS |year=1949 |title=Marjory Stephenson. 1885–1948 |journal=[[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] |volume=6 |issue=18 |pages=562–577 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1949.0013 |jstor=768940 |s2cid=162259455 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ta rubuta Bacterial Metabolism (1930), wanda ya gudana zuwa bugu uku kuma ya kasance littafi ne na al'ada ga tsararraki na masu ilimin microbiology. Ta kafa Society for General Microbiology, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta na biyu. A shekara ta 1953, kungiyar ta kafa Marjory Stephenson Memorial Lecture (yanzu Marjory Steven Prize Lecture) a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta.<ref name="SGM" /> Wannan ita ce babbar lambar yabo ta Society, wacce ake bayarwa sau biyu don gudummawa mai mahimmanci na muhimmancin yanzu a cikin ilimin microbiology. == Ayyukan farko da sabis na yakin duniya na farko == Stephenson da farko ya yi niyyar karatun likitanci bayan Newnham, amma shirye-shiryenta sun canza saboda rashin kuɗi kuma ta zama malamin kimiyyar cikin gida, da farko a Kwalejin Horar da Gida ta Gloucester sannan kuma a Kwaleji ta Kimiyya ta Gida, London. A Landan ta raba ɗaki tare da masanin tarihi Myra Curtis, wanda daga baya ya zama Shugaban Kwalejin Newnham . Kamar yadda Stephenson bai sami kimiyyar cikin gida ba, ta yi godiya lokacin da R. H. A. Plimmer, wanda ya kafa Kungiyar Biochemical Club (daga baya Society), ya gayyace ta ta zama mai bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje a Kwalejin Jami'ar London. A nan ta bincika metabolism mai, kuma ta koyar da abinci mai gina jiki. Nazarinta game da hanji ya mayar da hankali kan enzyme lactase, wanda ake buƙata don narke madara, kuma ya nuna cewa glucose ya hana shi amma ba galactose ba. Ta kuma yi aiki a kan sakamakon metabolism na gwajin [[Ciwon suga|Ciwon sukari]] da kuma kira na palmitic acid esters.<ref name="MicroSoc">{{Cite web |title=Marjory Stephenson: A short history |url=https://microbiologysociety.org/grants-prizes/all-prizes-and-competitions-/prize-lectures/marjory-stephenson-prize-lecture/marjory-stephenson-a-short-history.html?utm_campaign=1689871_March%202024%20Newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=ClearCourse%20on%20Behalf%20of%20Microbiology%20Society&dm_i=5A9B,107WV,23F6SL,43J6H,1 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Microbiology Society}}</ref> An ba ta lambar yabo ta Beit Memorial Fellowship a 1913, amma [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] ya katse aikinta. <ref name="Mason" /> Bayan ta shiga Ƙungiyar Red Cross ta Burtaniya, Stephenson ta gudanar da gidajen cin abinci na asibiti a Faransa; daga baya ta zama kwamandan Sojojin Taimako (VAD) a Salonica (Thessaloniki). An ambaci ta a cikin sakonni, kuma, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1918, an nada ta memba na Mafi Kyawun Order na Daular Burtaniya (MBE). [1] Ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Royal Red Cross (ARRC) don nuna godiya ga hidimar da ta yi. A sakamakon kwarewarta a lokacin yaƙi, ta zama mai zaman lafiya kuma, daga baya, ta kasance memba mai aiki a kungiyar Cambridge Scientists' Anti-War Group.[2] == Bincike a Cambridge == Bayan karshen yakin, Stephenson ya koma Cambridge don gudanar da bincike da koyarwa a sashen ilmin sunadarai. A karkashin jagorancin Frederick Gowland Hopkins, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya ta zama cibiyar nazarin halittu na zamani. A nan an ƙarfafa Stephenson ya motsa daga metabolism na dabba don haka ya fara bincike kan kwayoyin cuta da metabolism. Wannan shine farkon aikin da ya bunkasa don ta zama daya daga cikin fitattun masana sunadarai na ƙwayoyin cuta a Burtaniya.<ref name="MicroSoc">{{Cite web |title=Marjory Stephenson: A short history |url=https://microbiologysociety.org/grants-prizes/all-prizes-and-competitions-/prize-lectures/marjory-stephenson-prize-lecture/marjory-stephenson-a-short-history.html?utm_campaign=1689871_March%202024%20Newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=ClearCourse%20on%20Behalf%20of%20Microbiology%20Society&dm_i=5A9B,107WV,23F6SL,43J6H,1 |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Microbiology Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://microbiologysociety.org/grants-prizes/all-prizes-and-competitions-/prize-lectures/marjory-stephenson-prize-lecture/marjory-stephenson-a-short-history.html?utm_campaign=1689871_March%202024%20Newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=ClearCourse%20on%20Behalf%20of%20Microbiology%20Society&dm_i=5A9B,107WV,23F6SL,43J6H,1 "Marjory Stephenson: A short history"]. ''Microbiology Society''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Sashen yana da yawan mata da yawa daga cikin masu binciken sa, a kashi 15 cikin dari, amma har yanzu yana da wuya a ba mace alƙawari a Jami'ar. Stephenson ta sami tallafi daga Beit Fellowship sannan daga baya daga Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya. Daga karshe an nada ta a matsayin malamar jami'a a fannin ilmin sunadarai a shekarar 1943. A halin yanzu, ta zama abokiyar aiki kuma daga baya ta zama aboki na tsohuwar Kwalejin ta, Newnham . A shekara ta 1936 Jami'ar ta ba ta digiri na Doctorate of Science (DSc) don bincikenta. Babban bangaren binciken Stephenson shine metabolism na ƙwayoyin cuta. Tare da Margaret Whetham da Juda Quastel, ta haɓaka fasahar dakatarwa, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Louis Pasteur, don cire enzymes daga ƙwayoyin cuta. Tare da Leonard Stickland, ita ce ta farko da ta ware enzyme na ƙwayoyin cuta daga tantanin halitta a 1928, lokacin da suka sami lactic dehydrogenase daga ''Escherichia coli''. A cikin shekarun 1930, ta ci gaba da aiki tare da Stickland kuma ta nuna cewa wani enzyme, formate hydrogen lyase (EC 1.17.1.9), yana cikin abubuwan da aka cire na tantanin halitta ne kawai lokacin da aka girma kwayar cuta a gaban formate. Wannan yana daya daga cikin misalai na farko na 'enzymes masu daidaitawa,' yanzu an fahimta a matsayin saurin kunnawa na kwayar halitta da ke ƙunshe da tsari hydrogenlyase lokacin da aka kara mai kunnawa, tsari, zuwa al'ada. Daga baya a cikin shekarun 1930 Stephenson ya yi aiki tare da Ernest Gale a kan daidaitawar enzyme da Metabolism na amino acid, kuma tare da Arthur Trim a kan nazarin metabolism na nucleic acid. Stephenson an fi tunawa da ita saboda littafinta mai mahimmanci, Bacterial Metabolism, wanda ya gudana zuwa bugu uku tsakanin 1930 da 1949. An sake buga shi na ƙarshe a 1966, shi ne ma'auni na aiki a kan batun ga tsararraki na masana kimiyyar microbiology da biochemists. == Manazarta == gqwhresdqk5qn1kfrjzhqv59987hotc 0 144854 890213 807920 2026-08-01T15:32:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thulisile Dladla''' 'yar siyasa ce kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya [[Eswatini|a Liswati]] wacce a halin yanzu ita ce Mataimakiyar Firayim Minista a [[Eswatini|Masarautar Eswatini]].<ref>[https://www.gov.sz/index.php/ministries-departments/the-deputy-prime-minister-s-office.html DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE]. Eswatini Government website, 4 December 2023</ref> Ita ce mace ta farko da aka naɗa a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Waje ta ƙasar kuma a da ta kasance Sanata.<ref>[http://www.times.co.sz/news/120811-thuli-dladla-makes-history.html THULI DLADLA MAKES HISTORY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122112239/http://www.times.co.sz/news/120811-thuli-dladla-makes-history.html |date=2023-01-22 }}. Times of Swaziland, 3 November 2018</ref><ref>[https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5647 President Tsai meets Thulisile Dladla, Eswatini Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]. Office of the President of the Republic of China, 26 February 2019</ref><ref>[https://en.nhandan.org.vn/politics/item/6821302-congratulations-to-eswatini%E2%80%99s-new-prime-minister.html Congratulations to Eswatini’s new Prime Minister]. Nhan Dan, 9 November 2018</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2019, ta ziyarci Taiwan kuma ta gana da Shugaba Tsai Ing-wen.<ref>[http://www.times.co.sz/news/120811-thuli-dladla-makes-history.html THULI DLADLA MAKES HISTORY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122112239/http://www.times.co.sz/news/120811-thuli-dladla-makes-history.html |date=2023-01-22 }}. Times of Swaziland, 3 November 2018</ref><ref>[https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5647 President Tsai meets Thulisile Dladla, Eswatini Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]. Office of the President of the Republic of China, 26 February 2019</ref> An maye gurbinta da Ministan Harkokin Waje ta hannun Pholile Shakantu a watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister Pholile Shakantu Profile |url=https://www.gov.sz/index.php/department/minister-pholile-shakantu-profile |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=www.gov.sz}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9fvq07gtle0g7dck7szt5xsknsbl8rx 0 145166 890206 808867 2026-08-01T15:15:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Theresa Onuorah''' Listen ⓘ (an haife ta 9 ga Janairu 1942) mawaƙin Najeriya ce kuma ƴar rawa, an santa da gagarumar gudunmawar da ta bayar ga Egedege, wani fitaccen salon kiɗa da raye-rayen al'adun Igbo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Theresa Onuorah |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>Obi,&nbsp;J; Clearwater.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Austin Macauley Publishers. {{ISBN|9781398482746}}</ref> Ita ce ta kafa kungiyar Rawar Egedege na Unubi. Asalinsa daga Unubi a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], Najeriya, Onuorah ta sami sabon salo na al'ada a cikin Oktoba 2021 biyo bayan fasalinta a cikin waƙar "Egedege" na Larry Gaaga, tare da Flavor da Phyno . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ifeanyi Ndukwe |date=June 3, 2022 |title=Egedege: The Journey Of Ijele |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/308815/egedege-the-journey-of-ijele.html |website=The Nigerian Voice Entertainment}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=keetu |date=2022-11-05 |title=Theresa Onuorah: Biography, Age, Family, House, Music And Net Worth 2024 |url=https://schoolings.org/theresa-onuorah-biography-age-family-house-music-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007160900/https://schoolings.org/theresa-onuorah-biography-age-family-house-music-and-net-worth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Theresa Onuorah a shekarar 1942 a Unubi, wani gari a yankin karamar hukumar Nnewi ta Kudu a [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]], Najeriya. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Theresa Onuorah |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}</ref> Mahaifinta mawaki ne mai suna 'Egwu Ekpili', kuma an ruwaito cewa asalinsa na kiɗa ya rinjayi sha'awarta ta farko ga kiɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Theresa Onuorah |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> Onuorah ta fara yin wasa tun tana ƙarama, tana tafiya zuwa garuruwa daban-daban don waƙa da rawa a wuraren taruka na gida. Tun tana da shekaru 20, ta kafa suna a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Theresa Onuorah |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/queen-theresa-onuorah/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa sadaukarwarta ga kiɗa tun tana ƙarama ta takaita damarta ta samun ilimi. <ref name=":1" /> == Sana'a == Onuorah ta fara aikin kida da raye-raye tun tana karama, duk da cewa ta fitar da albam din ta na farko tana da shekara 34 (kusan 1976). Some of her notable albums include ''Oba Egwu'', ''Onwanwa mu na Chimo'', and ''Ogene Ekwubego mu na Onye ga-agba Egwu'' . A shekarar 1985, ta kafa kungiyar Rawar Egedege ta Unubi. Sunan "Egedege" an ce yana nuna wadata da jajircewa a al'adun Igbo. Salon kiɗanta yana da alaƙa da amfani da kayan kida na gargajiya na Igbo kamar udu da ekwe, salon buga ganga daban-daban, waƙoƙin kira da amsawa, da kuma bayar da labarai. [1] Ta zama fitacciyar mai wasan kwaikwayo a tarurrukan al'adu a duk faɗin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya, ciki har da bukukuwa, bukukuwa, da jana'iza. [2] An yaba wa Onuorah da ya shahara da kiɗa da rawa na Egedege, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga karrama shi a matsayin wani muhimmin nau'in fasahar al'adun Igbo. [3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9v753x4q7fy40t3cewse1v311du0eep 0 145667 890358 810338 2026-08-02T00:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wanjìkū Mūhìa''' 'yar siyasa ce [[Kenya|ta ƙasar Kenya]] kuma 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ta yanzu a mazaɓar Kipipiri, kuma Shugabar Kwamitin Haɗin Kan Yankuna. Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Jubilee, a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar Majalisar Dokoki ta Yankin a Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Afirka ta 4 (EALA) (2018-2022) kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta wakilci Gundumar Nyandarūa (2013-2017). Mūhìa ita ce ta kafa Gidauniyar Wanjìkū Mūhìa, wacce ke aiki tare da Cibiyar Ciwon Daji ta Nyandarūa don wayar da kan mutane game da cutar kansa. == Ilimi == Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Kamahia sannan ta shiga Makarantar Sakandare ta Nakuru inda ta zauna don jarrabawarta ta O-Level. Ta kammala karatun digiri daga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] da Difloma a Gudanar da Albarkatun Ɗan Adam da kuma daga Jami'ar Methodist ta Kenya tare da digiri na farko a Gudanar da Kasuwanci. Mūhìa tana da Digiri na biyu a Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Sunderland ta [[Burtaniya]] kuma ta yi karatun Leaders in Development: Managing Change a then a Dynamic World daga Makarantar Harvard Kennedy. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ta kasance Manajar Sabis na Abokan Ciniki na Yankin a Equity Bank Limited (2006-2012) da kuma Manajar Albarkatun Ɗan Adam/Gudanarwa a Florensis BV (1998-2003). == Siyasa == Mūhìa ita ce wakiliyar mata ta Nyandarua da kuma ta yanzu 'yar majalisa ce mai wakiltar mazaɓar Kipipiri a gundumar Nyandarūa.<ref name="EastAfrican">{{cite news |date=15 December 2017 |title=Kenya elects nine Eala MPs, at last |newspaper=The East African |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/kenya-elects-nine-eala-mps-at-last-1379806 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> An zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta jam'iyyar Jubilee a babban zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2013, da ƙuri'u 158,486 (kashi 66.7% na dukkan ƙuri'un da aka jefa).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR WOMEN REPRESENTATIVE TO NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. MARCH 4TH 2013 GENERAL ELECTION |url=https://www.odm.co.ke/images/downloads/SUMMARY-OF-RESULTS-FOR-WOMEN-REPRESENTATIVE-TO-NATIONAL-ASSEMBLY-MARCH-4TH-2013-GENERAL-ELECTION.pdf |access-date=21 February 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181448/https://www.odm.co.ke/images/downloads/SUMMARY-OF-RESULTS-FOR-WOMEN-REPRESENTATIVE-TO-NATIONAL-ASSEMBLY-MARCH-4TH-2013-GENERAL-ELECTION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Disamba a shekarar 2017, Jam'iyyar Jubilee ta zaɓi Wanjiku a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Gabashin Afirka. Ta tabbatar da matsayinta a ELEA da kuri'u 180.<ref name="EastAfrican"/> A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Kipipiri, inda ta kayar da Amos Kìmunya na jam'iyyar Jubilee mai ci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Nasarori == * Ta yi wa Dokar Kula da Naƙasassu (PLWDs) ta 2013 kwaskwarima. Wannan kwaskwarima ta tilasta wa dukkan gidajen talabijin a Kenya sanya harshen kurame a cikin labaransu da shirye-shiryensu masu muhimmanci a ƙasa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * Hon. Wanjiku Mūhìa ta roƙi gwamnati da ta mayar da kamfanonin jigilar kaya na PSV (Matatu) bakin aiki, wannan ya taimaka wajen kiyaye ayyukan yi ga dubban ɗaruruwan matasa a ƙasar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.eala.org/eala-members/view/muhia-wanjiku Muhia Wanjiku] * [http://www.kewopa.org/?page_id=1068 Hon Wanjiku Muhia, ɗan majalisar dokoki] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2q1jky6ycz7k43k8pq9pbwys281z4yv 0 145954 890282 811222 2026-08-01T20:20:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Umut Shayakhmetova''' ( Kazakh , an haife ta a shekarar 1969) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Kazakhstan. Tana aiki a matsayin shugabar kwamitin gudanarwa na Halyk Bank, wani banki mai rijista a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Kazakhstan da London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Halyk |url=https://halykbank.kz/ |access-date=2019-01-23 |website=halykbank.kz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=S&P upgraded ratings of three banks of Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) |url=http://kase.kz/en/news/show/187826/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232622/http://kase.kz/en/news/show/187826/ |archive-date=2019-01-21 |access-date=2019-01-23 |website=kase.kz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=19 марта. КАЛЕНДАРЬ КАЗИНФОРМА "ДАТЫ. СОБЫТИЯ. ИМЕНА" |url=http://lenta.inform.kz/kz/article/3009353 |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=lenta.inform.kz |language=ru}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == A shekarar 1993, Shayakhmetova Umut ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Abokantaka ta Jama'a ta Rasha (wanda aka fi sani da Jami'ar RUDN) tare da digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Умут Шаяхметова получила еще одну должность |url=https://www.banker.kz/news/umut-shayakhmetova-got-one-more-post/ |website=www.banker.kz}}</ref> A shekarar 1996, ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Rutgers, [[New Jersey]], Amurka, tare da digirin MBA . <ref>{{Cite web |last=MarketScreener |title=Umut Bolatkhanovna Shayakhmetova, MBA - Biography |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/business-leaders/Umut-Shayakhmetova-07K18H-E/biography/ |access-date=2019-01-23 |website=www.marketscreener.com |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == Shayakhmetova ta fara aiki a tsakanin 1997-1998 a matsayin ƙwararriya a fannin kuɗaɗen gini na ZAO SB ABN AMRO Bank Kazakhstan (ZAO). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Шаяхметова Умут Болатхановна (персональная справка) |url=https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30375437 |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=Информационная система ПАРАГРАФ}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-20 |title=Что принадлежит семье Шаяхметовых-Тайжан |url=https://zagranburo.org/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5-%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85-%D1%82%D0%B0/ |access-date=2022-01-11 |language=ru-RU}}</ref> Daga 1998 zuwa 2000 ta kasance shugabar kwamitin gudanarwa na PAMC "ABN AMRO Asset Management". Daga 2000 zuwa 2004 ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin ZAO. Ta kula da sashin ba da lamuni na kamfanoni a reshen Kazakhstan na wani bankin Holland. A shekara ta 2001 ta zama memba na Majalisar Kwararru ta Hukumar Tsaro ta Ƙasa ta Jamhuriyar [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Чем владеет Умут Шаяхметова, председатель правления "Народного банка" |url=https://365info.kz/2016/10/vse-ob-umut-shayahmetovoj-predsedatele-pravleniya-narodnogo-banka |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=365info.kz |language=ru-KZ}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Умут Болатхановна Шаяхметова |url=https://olympic.kz/en/page/55-umut-bolatkhanovna-shayakhmetova |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=olympic.kz |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127113829/https://olympic.kz/en/page/55-umut-bolatkhanovna-shayakhmetova |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga Nuwamba 2004 zuwa Janairu 2009 ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar hukumar don ba da rance a Halyk Bank of Kazakhstan JSC (Halyk) A ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2009, an naɗa ta shugabar hukumar Halyk, inda ta maye gurbin Grigori Marchenko . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shayakhmetova was appointed Chairman of the Board of the Halyk Bank |url=https://www.zakon.kz/131753-predsedatelem-pravlenija-narodnogo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232548/https://www.zakon.kz/131753-predsedatelem-pravlenija-narodnogo.html |archive-date=2019-01-21 |access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2009, an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Hukumar Halyk. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Самые обаятельные и влиятельные: Топ самых успешных женщин Казахстана |url=https://informburo.kz/stati/samye-obayatelnye-i-vliyatelnye-top-samyh-uspeshnyh-zhenshchin-kazahstana.html |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=informburo.kz |language=ru}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2011 ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar motsa jiki ta Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan kuma memba a kwamitin zartarwa na kwamitin wasannin Olympics na ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan . A watan Nuwamba na 2012 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar UnionPay ta Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Умут Шаяхметова получила еще одну должность |url=https://kapital.kz/naznacheniya/51181/umut-shayakhmetova-poluchila-yeshche-odnu-dolzhnost.html |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=Деловой портал Капитал.кз |language=ru}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2015 ta zama Shugabar Majalisar Mata 'Yan Kasuwa ta Almaty National Chamber of Entrepreneurs «Atameken». <ref>{{Cite web |title=В Алматы создан совет деловых женщин |url=https://kapital.kz/business/40943/v-almaty-sozdan-sovet-delovyh-zhencshin.html |website=kapital.kz}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2016 ta zama Shugabar Majalisar Yankin UnionPay ta Duniya a yankin Gabashin Turai, Tsakiyar Asiya, Rasha da Caucasus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Умут ШАЯХМЕТОВА: Должность могут дать, а авторитет надо завоевывать - Новости Казахстана - свежие, актуальные, последние новости об о всем |url=https://www.kazpravda.kz/news/100-istorii-uspeha/umut-shayahmetova---dolzhnost-mogut-dat-a-avtoritet-nado-zavoevivat/ |website=www.kazpravda.kz}}</ref> Ta kuma zama Shugabar Kwamitin Sashen Kuɗi na Shugabancin Majalisar 'Yan Kasuwa ta Ƙasa «Atameken». <ref>{{Cite web |title=Умут Шаяхметова вошла в состав Президиума НПП "Атамекен" |url=https://kapital.kz/naznacheniya/51240/umut-shayahmetova-voshla-v-sostav-prezidiuma-npp-atameken.html |website=kapital.kz}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Eren enbegi Ushin medal (2006). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Надежда: Умут Шаяхметова |url=https://tengrinews.kz/opinion/229/ |website=Tengrinews.kz}}</ref> * Order of Parasat (2011). <ref>{{Cite web |title=19 марта. Календарь Казинформа "Даты. События. Имена" |url=http://lenta.inform.kz/en/article/3186824 |website=lenta.inform.kz}}</ref> * Tsarin digiri na 3 na Barys (2016). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Адильбек Джаксыбеков, Кайрат Мами, Карим Масимов получили ордена |url=https://ru.qamshy.kz/article/adylbek-dzhaksibekov-kayrat-mamy-karym-masymov-polwchyly-ordena.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121175500/https://ru.qamshy.kz/article/adylbek-dzhaksibekov-kayrat-mamy-karym-masymov-polwchyly-ordena.html |archive-date=2019-01-21 |access-date=2019-01-21 |website=Қамшы ақпарат}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Mahaifinta shine Tayzhan, Bolatkhan Kulzhanuly (8 ga Maris, 1941 - 20 ga Fabrairu, 2007). Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Kazakhstan SSR, Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Farko na Kazakhstan, jakadan [[Misra|Masar]], [[Aljeriya]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Libya]], [[Moroko|Morocco]], [[Siriya]] da [[Tunisiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Умер Болатхан Тайжан |url=https://zonakz.net/2007/02/21/%d1%83%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%80-%d0%b1%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%85%d0%b0%d0%bd-%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b9%d0%b6%d0%b0%d0%bd/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111120044/https://zonakz.net/2007/02/21/%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD/ |archive-date=2022-01-11 |access-date=2022-01-11 |website=zonakz.net |language=ru-RU}}</ref> Ya kasance wakilin Kazakhstan a [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Taron Musulunci]] kuma jakada a [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaldar |first=Kaldar |title=Чем владеет Умут Шаяхметова, председатель правления "Народного банка" |url=http://zanmedia.kz/2016/10/13/what-has-umut-shayakhmetova-chairman-board-halyk-bank/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232443/http://zanmedia.kz/2016/10/13/what-has-umut-shayakhmetova-chairman-board-halyk-bank/ |archive-date=2019-01-21 |access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ita ce Tayzhanova, Alla Sadvokasovna (an haife ta a shekara ta 1944). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2nj7xcezu5pm8l2fmk9msbjdei3q9i8 0 146776 890366 828128 2026-08-02T00:34:27Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 890366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Guhamiriza1.jpg|thumb|312x312px|Misalin rawa ta Intre, ma'ana ''Rawar Jarumai'']] '''Tatsuniyar Rwanda''' ta ƙunshi [[Camfi|tatsuniyoyi]], tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, gami da halittun tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi na birane, [[karin magana]] ( ''imigani'' ), camfi, balladry da tatsuniyoyi, waɗanda aka yi ta magana da su tsawon ƙarni da yawa. Kodayake yawancin [[Banyarwanda|'yan Rwanda]] sun yi imani da [[Addinan Ibrahimiyya|addinan Ibrahim]], tatsuniyoyi suna kiyaye asalin [[Banyarwanda]] na da kuma siffanta al'umma ta zamani. Abin lura shi ne, yana da siffofi da imani [[Addinan Ibrahimiyya|na Ibrahim]], gami da Allah mai tauhidi, ruhohi masu kama da rai, da ra'ayoyi game da sama da duniya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Magic and beliefs |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/magic-and-beliefs/qQVxuknZwPLbcg |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Banyarwanda Mythology |url=https://www.folklore.earth/culture/banyarwanda/ |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.folklore.earth |language=en}}</ref> Labarai da yawa suna haɗa layin da ke tsakanin tarihi da tatsuniyoyi. == Tatsuniyoyi na Gargajiya == === Hotuna da jarumai === * ''Ryangombe'' wani allah ne mai kama da mutum, jarumi kuma shugaba, wanda ake yabawa a zamaninsa, wanda bayan mutuwarsa, ya zama shugaban imandwa, ƙungiyar ruhohi waɗanda ke shiga tsakani tsakanin [[Imana]] da mutane. Wani sigar labarinsa, ya ba da labarin Ryangombe (mai rai) yana tuntuɓe a kan wani yanki mai tsarki, inda ya haɗu da ruhohi waɗanda suka gane baiwarsa kuma suka ba shi damar hawa zuwa duniyar ruhaniya. Ryangombe ya yarda, kuma ya canza zuwa ruhu mai ƙarfi, wanda ya zama shugaban imandwa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=centreforelites |date=3 February 2025 |title=The Legend of Ryangombe: A Deep Dive into Rwandan Mythology {{!}} Umuco Nyarwanda |url=https://umuco.centreforelites.com/the-legend-of-ryangombe-a-deep-dive-into-rwandan-mythology/,%20https://umuco.centreforelites.com/the-legend-of-ryangombe-a-deep-dive-into-rwandan-mythology/ |access-date=6 September 2025 |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=":2"/> * ''Ngunda'' mutum ne mai ƙarfin hali da kwadayi, wanda ya noma ƙasar da ƙarfi kuma ya ci abinci da yunwa har nomansa da aikinsa a ƙasar ya haifar da tsaunukan Rwanda. Lokacin da ya ziyarci surukinsa Mirenge, ya yi amfani da ƙugiya 50 yana noma ƙasar kuma ya cinye [[saniya]] gaba ɗaya, kwanduna da yawa na burodi da tulun giya ba tare da gamsuwa ba. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=A glimpse into mythical legends that shaped Rwanda's folklore #rwanda #RwOT |url=http://en.webrwanda.com/2024/10/a-glimpse-into-mythical-legends-that.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Webrwanda English Version |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=A glimpse into mythical legends that shaped Rwanda's folklore |url=https://en.igihe.com/history/article/a-glance-at-mythical-legends-that-defined-rwanda-s-folklore |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=IGIHE |language=en}}</ref> * ''Ndabaga'' jaruma ce, wacce aka yi bikinta saboda sadaukar da kanta ga rundunar sarki domin ceton mahaifinta. A cikin labarin, doka ce ga 'ya'yan mutum su yi hidima a rundunar sarki, in ba haka ba mutumin zai yi wa sarki hidima muddin yana raye. Mahaifin Ndabaga, Nyamutezi, ba shi da 'ya'ya maza, duk da haka, Ndabaga, ta ƙuduri aniyar ceton mahaifinta daga wannan ƙaddara, ta ɓoye kanta a matsayin mutum kuma ta horar da kanta har iyakarta. Saboda jarumtarta, an ba ta lada da shanu, kuma an tuna da labarinta da karin maganar " ''Ibintu byageze iwa Ndabaga'' ", wanda ke fassara zuwa "Abubuwa sun kai matsayin Ndabaga". <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> * ''Mwungeri'' mutum ne da ake tunawa da shi saboda mutuncinsa da gaskiya, halayensa da ke haifar da kishi daga wasu. Wata rana, masu sukarsa sun ƙi ba shi rance don ya yi kiwo, har aka tilasta masa ya yi jima'i da wani bijimin asiri daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan kishi ya koma baya, inda garken Mwungeri ya yawaita cikin sauri wanda ya kawo masa wadata. Duk da haka, wata rana da dare, wani mutum mai suna Gashubi ya shiga gidan Mwungeri ya yi lalata da matarsa. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> * ''Nyirarucyaba'' ita ce 'yar Gihanga tilo, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Rwanda, kuma an yi imanin cewa tatsuniya ce ta kawo shanu zuwa masarautar. An bayyana cewa ta gudu daga gidanta saboda takaddama tsakanin mahaifiyarta, Nyamususa, da uwarta, Nyirampirangwe, inda ta kare mahaifiyarta da ƙarfi. Saboda tsoron hukunci, ta gudu zuwa kotun Sarki Gihanga. Ta auri wani manomi mai suna Kazigaba, kuma wata rana, wata dabba da ba ta saba gani ba ta zo gidansu ta haihu washegari. Nyirarucyaba ta binciki wani ruwa mai diga sannan ta koma wurin Sarki Gihanga dauke da madarar a matsayin kyauta. Sarkin, bayan ya ji daɗi bayan ya sha, ya umarci bayinsa da su dawo da waɗannan shanun zuwa Rwanda. Ana kyautata zaton Dutsen Kabuye a yankin Nemba na gundumar Gakenke ya ba Nyirarucyaba da shanunta mafaka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Myth of Nyirarucyaba and the Origin of Cows in Rwanda |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-myth-of-nyirarucyaba-and-the-origin-of-cows-in-rwanda/7AVxx0kMcuqDPQ |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> === Alloli === * ''Nyabinghi'', ɗaya daga cikin allolin Rwanda da aka fi sani, allahiya ce mai ƙarfi mace, wadda ake kyautata zaton tana shiga cikin harkokin yau da kullun don samar da walwala. Mutane za su ba da kyaututtuka don faranta mata rai da kuma ci gaba da wadata. <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |url-status=170–180}}</ref> === Halittu na tatsuniyoyi === * An bayyana ''Abatagana'' a matsayin manyan mutane na farko da [[Imana]] ya ƙirƙira don siffanta duniya, waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri koguna, tafkuna da shimfidar wurare. <ref name=":2"/> * ''Inzoka'' mugaye ne masu kama da macizai waɗanda ke zaune a tsakanin tafkuna da koguna, ana kyautata zaton suna da iko a kan fari da ambaliyar ruwa. <ref name=":2" /> == Imana == A cikin mulkin mallaka na Rwanda, ana ganin Imana a matsayin Allah mafi girma wanda ya rayu sama da sammai (a yau duniya tana nufin Allah na Kirista). Koyaya an kalli shi mai nisa kuma yana da wuya ya shiga cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, saboda haka addinin Rwanda ya kasance mai tsakiya, amma tasirin mafi girma an tura shi ta hanyar ruhaniya. A ƙasar Rwanda kafin mulkin mallaka, kamar Allahn Kirista, ana ɗaukar Imana a matsayin babban alƙali na ɗabi'un ɗan adam, kuma rashin adalci na iya haifar da rashin sa'a. Wannan ra'ayi ya wanzu a cikin tatsuniyar Barundi, kuma kalmar da ake kira Allahn Kirista ita ce Imana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kirundi Study & Dictionary |url=https://www.matana.de/index1.php?deep&q=imana |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.matana.de}}</ref> == Ruhohi da Mutane == === Addinin Biyu === Tatsuniyar Rwanda tana da fahimtar mutanen da aka fi bayyana su a matsayin masu bin ra'ayin biyu, tare da mutum yana da sassa biyu, jiki da ake iya gani da kuma ruhun da ba a iya gani. <ref name=":0"/> Ana ɗaukar mutuwa a matsayin sauyawa zuwa ''abazimu'', ruhohin matattu. Tunda, ana ɗaukar ruhohi da sarakuna a matsayin masu shiga tsakani tsakanin [[Imana]], suna ba da ƙarin iko, kamar iya sarrafa rashin lafiya da gazawar amfanin gona. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda - Spirituality |url=https://www.cp-pc.ca/english/rwanda/spirit.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.cp-pc.ca}}</ref> === Kakanni === Bayan lokaci sababbin matattu sun zama masu tsarki, ruhohi masu daraja, waɗanda iyalai ke addu'a. Ayyukan jana'iza suna da mahimmanci. Iyalin za su dakatar da duk wani aiki bayan mutuwar, kuma matan iyali za su aske kawunansu a matsayin alamar makoki. Saboda an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta sune wurin hutawa na ruhohin kakanninmu, an yi iminin mutuwa "mai zafi", saboda haka za a kira ruhun ''Umufumu'' don sanyaya gidan marigayin.<ref name=":5"/><ref name=":0"/> == Sarauta == [[Fayil:King_Gihanga.png|thumb|Nunin Gihanga Ngomijana Minaganza, sarki na farko a cikin al'ummar rudawa na Ruwanda.]] Imana ta ɗauki sarakuna a matsayin waɗanda ta zaɓa, kuma mulkinsu ya kasance kamar wanda Allah ya amince da shi. Ana sa ran sarkin zai kawo zaman lafiya, wadata da adalci a tsakanin dukkan kabilu kuma ya kare masarautar daga barazanar waje. Wasu tatsuniyoyi sun nuna cewa Imana ta gwada sarakuna ta hanyar gwaji don tabbatar da darajarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda's Folklore: Understanding the Myths Behind the Culture |url=https://www.mexicohistorico.com/paginas/rwanda-s-folklore-understanding-the-myths-behind-the-culture-cffb1ac8.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.mexicohistorico.com}}</ref> * Ana ɗaukar Gihanga a matsayin wanda ya kafa Masarautar Rwanda, wanda aka ce ya gabatar da muhimman fannoni na wayewar manyan tafkuna, kamar shanu, aikin ƙarfe, aikin katako, tukwane da ingobyi ( abin hawa da aka yi da papyrus ). Ana cewa Gihanga ya yi mulki daga fadarsa a dajin Buhganga kuma ya haifi ɗa da mace. Bayan rasuwarsa, an yi imanin cewa ɗansa, Kanyarwanda Gahima, ya gaje shi. <ref name=":4"/> == Balladry == Waƙar gargajiya ta Rwanda ta samo asali ne daga al'adar baki kuma ta ƙunshi nau'ikan waƙoƙi da salon waƙa daban-daban kamar: * Ibitekerezo, [[Epic Poetry|waƙoƙin gargajiya]] da aka yi a fadar sarki, waɗanda galibi ke ba da labarin tarihin daular Rwanda a cikin salon waƙa. * Indirimbo, waƙoƙi masu sauƙin amfani kamar ''igihozo'' (waƙoƙin waƙa da na soyayya), waƙoƙin aiki (misali noma, tafiya, kiwon zuma, [[maƙera]]), ''amahigi'' (waƙoƙin farauta ko waƙoƙin kiwo suna yabon shanu) Kayan kida na gargajiya da za su iya raka su sune: ''Inanga'' (zither), ''ikembe'' (lamellophone), ''umuduri'' (bakan kiɗa), ''indingiti'' (fiddle) ''ko ihembe'' (ƙaho) tare da busar ganguna na ''ingoma'', ƙararrawa, kararrawa, da busa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Songs of the Watutsi |url=https://folkways.si.edu/songs-of-the-watutsi/world/music/album/smithsonian |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Smithsonian Folkways Recordings |language=en-US}}</ref> == Karin magana da camfe-camfe == Karin maganar Rwanda ( ''Imigani)'' da camfe-camfe ba wai kawai suna wanzuwa daga tatsuniyoyi ba, har ma suna nan a cikin al'ummar zamani, yayin da karin magana suka bambanta domin ana amfani da shi a matsayin jagororin rayuwa ga dukkan tsararraki, yayin da camfe-camfe galibi suna zaune ne a cikin tsofaffin 'yan Rwanda (ban da banda). An lissafa wasu karin maganar da ba na addini ba a ƙasa: * ''Inda y'ûndi ítèra indûrú ntibábimenye'' ''— Cikin ɗayan yana kuka kuma babu wanda ya ji shi'' — Wasu suna shan wahala yana da wuya a gane * ''Ùrusha dukina w'ûmwâna imbabázi aba ashâka kumúlya'' ''—'' Wanda ya fi uwa nuna tausayi, yana ƙoƙarin cin yaron — Babu wanda ya fi uwa tausayi. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Proverbs {{!}} Jean-Paul Martinon |url=https://jeanpaulmartinon.net/rap/rwanda/rwanda-proverbs/ |access-date=6 September 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ''Injunga y'úrulími inèsha injunga z'îgitèro'' ''—'' Kaifin harshe yana kayar da kaifin mayaka — Harshe ya fi ƙarfi fiye da makamai. <ref name=":6" /> * ''Mayenya ímenya isuku ishyize ímbere alíko ntîmenya úmwanda isize ínyuma'' ''—'' Matukin jirgi ya san tsaftar da ke gaba, ba a taɓa barin ƙazanta a baya ba — Ilimi na gaskiya yana kula da komai, jahilci ne kawai a kula da abin da za ku iya gani. <ref name=":6" /> * ''Agacúmu kazâguhòrera ntûmenyá uwagácuze'' ''—'' Ba ka taɓa sanin sunan wanda zai yi maka ramawa ba — Makomar koyaushe ba ta da tabbas. <ref name=":6" /> === camfe-camfe === * Bai kamata mace ta taɓa kiran surukinta da suna ba — Al'adar al'ada mai tushe da aka haɗa da kunya. * Busawa haramun ne, musamman da daddare - Imani ne da aka saba da shi kuma an hana shi sosai. * Kada a taɓa faɗin tatsuniya da rana — Shahararriyar dokar bayar da labarai a Rwanda, bayar da labarai ana keɓe su ne don dare kuma ba da labarinsu da rana ana iya ganin yana kawo rashin sa'a. * Kada ka taɓa yanke farce da daddare - An yi imanin cewa yana jawo sa'a ko kuma mummunan hali. == Tatsuniyoyi == * Kwandon Gisaka da Ibimanuka da ke tashi — Labari mai ban mamaki game da kwandon tashi wanda ya iso dauke da baƙi da ake kyautata zaton sun fito ne daga wata duniya ( ''Ibimanuka)'' waɗanda aka ce suna ba da kyauta. Labarin ya samo asali ne daga Gisaka, wata masarauta ta gabas wadda daga ƙarshe za ta shiga masarautar Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maurice |date=13 November 2024 |title=The mystery of Rwanda's Ibimanuka dynasty and the legend of the flying basket of Gisaka |url=https://medium.com/%40magorane/the-mystery-of-rwandas-ibimanuka-dynasty-and-the-legend-of-the-flying-basket-of-gisaka-89bbce30dc7e |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Medium}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Athar |first=Amani |date=28 August 2024 |title=Debunking the myth: The true origins of Ibimanuka vs Abasangwabutaka in Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/19614/opinions/debunking-the-myth-the-true-origins-of-ibimanuka-vs-abasangwabutaka-in-rwanda |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Nassoshi == 5meykqf87etmjtwoeza05bxqk8f9uw4 0 146814 890144 814782 2026-08-01T14:22:47Z BnHamid 12586 sanya databox using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 890144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox officeholder|name=Aishatu Jibril Dukku|birth_date=18 December 1963|birth_place=Kaduna, Nigeria|nationality=Nigerian|party=All Progressives Congress (APC)|occupation=Educationist, Politician|alma_mater=Bayero University, Kano|office1=Member of the House of Representatives (Nigeria)|constituency1=Dukku/Nafada Federal Constituency|term_start1=6 June 2015|term_end1=2023|office2=Minister of State for Education|term_start2=26 July 2007|term_end2=17 March 2010}} '''Aishatu Jibril Dukku''' (an haife ta a 18 Disamba 1963), sananniya ‘yar siyasa kuma mai ilimi daga [[Gombe State]], Najeriya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Jihar Tarayya ta Ilimi (Minister of State for Education) sannan ta yi wakilci a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya na Najeriya daga mazabar '''Dukku/Nafada Federal Constituency''' a cikin zamanin Majalisar na 8th da na 9th karkashin jam’iyyar '''All Progressives Congress (APC)'''.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aishatu_Jibril_Dukku</ref> == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Aishatu Jibril Dukku an haife ta ne a Kaduna, Najeriya amma asalin iyalinta daga Dukku Local Government Area, [[Gombe State]]. Ta kammala ilimin firamare a Central Primary School, Gombe daga 1970 zuwa 1976, sannan ta halarci Federal Government Girls’ College, Bauchi inda ta samu takardar GCE a 1982. Ta samu digiri na farko(Bachelor of Arts) a fannin Ilimi daga Bayero University, Kano.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> == Ayyukan Ilimi == Ta fara aikinta a matsayin malamar Turanci a 1987, sannan ta zama mataimakiyar babban malami (Vice Principal) da kuma shugabar makaranta (Principal) a makarantu daban‑daban a jihar Gombe. Daga baya an nada ta Federal Inspector a Federal Ministry of Education kafin zama Ministar Jihar Tarayya ta Ilimi a 2007 yayin mulkin shugaban ƙasa Umaru Musa Yar'Adua.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> == Siyasa == Dukku ta yi nasarar zama wakili a Majalisar Wakilai na Najeriya a zabukan 2015 inda ta wakilci Dukku/Nafada Federal Constituency karkashin APC. Ta sake zama a zaman majalisar ta 9th Assembly inda ta kasance Shugabar Kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai kan Al’amuran Zabe da Jam’iyyun Siyasa. Ta yi fice wajen tattaunawa kan ilimin yara mata, ƙarfafa mata da matasa, da kuma samar da hanyoyin rage talauci da horo na sana’o’i.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> == Mafarkin Dokoki da Ayyuka == Dukku ta jagoranci ayyukan da suka shafi ilimin yara mata da kuma jajircewar ganin an samar da cibiyoyin ilimi da tallafi ga matasa da mata. A yayin aikin majalisa, ta yi kira ga samar da damar da ta dace ga masu nakasa, tsawaita lokacin rajista na CVR da inganta tsaro a zabe.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> == Kammala Aiki da Kalubale == A cikin zabukan 2023, Dukku ta fuskanci kalubale wajen sake samun tikitin jam’iyya yayin da ta gaza dawowa Majalisar Wakilai a zaben fidda gwani, wanda wasu suka danganta matsalar da rashin wakilcin mata a siyasa ta Arewa.<ref>https://punchng.com/how-gender-discrimination-robs-north-of-more-quality-female-lawmakers/</ref> == Sauran Ayyuka == Ta kasance jagora wajen shirye‑shirye na bayar da tallafi ga mata a yankinta don bunkasa sana’o’in su da zaman kansu.<ref>https://blueprint.ng/gombe-rep-empowers-300-dukku-women/</ref> == Rayuwar Kai Da Kai == Dukku ta kasance mai mambanta rayuwar al’umma, tana da aure kuma tana zaune da mijinta a Gombe. A shekarar 2023 gwamnati ta yi ta’aziyya gare ta kan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, Hajiya Aishatu.<ref>https://periscopenga.com/2023/05/gombe-govt-commiserates-with-aisha-dukku-over-mums-demise-others/</ref> == References == <references /> kvdyyuuk2bqul9hn4p5jtupj2ee4i3z 890201 890144 2026-08-01T14:54:01Z BnHamid 12586 890201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aishatu Jibril Dukku''' (an haife ta a 18 Disamba 1963), sananniya ‘yar siyasa kuma mai ilimi daga [[Gombe State]], Najeriya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Jihar Tarayya ta Ilimi (Minister of State for Education) sannan ta yi wakilci a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya na Najeriya daga mazabar '''Dukku/Nafada Federal Constituency''' a cikin zamanin Majalisar na 8th da na 9th karkashin jam’iyyar '''All Progressives Congress (APC)'''.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aishatu_Jibril_Dukku</ref> == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Aishatu Jibril Dukku an haife ta ne a Kaduna, Najeriya amma asalin iyalinta daga Dukku Local Government Area, [[Gombe State]]. Ta kammala ilimin firamare a Central Primary School, Gombe daga 1970 zuwa 1976, sannan ta halarci Federal Government Girls’ College, Bauchi inda ta samu takardar GCE a 1982. Ta samu digiri na farko(Bachelor of Arts) a fannin Ilimi daga Bayero University, Kano.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> == Ayyukan Ilimi == Ta fara aikinta a matsayin malamar Turanci a 1987, sannan ta zama mataimakiyar babban malami (Vice Principal) da kuma shugabar makaranta (Principal) a makarantu daban‑daban a jihar Gombe. Daga baya an nada ta Federal Inspector a Federal Ministry of Education kafin zama Ministar Jihar Tarayya ta Ilimi a 2007 yayin mulkin shugaban ƙasa Umaru Musa Yar'Adua.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> == Siyasa == Dukku ta yi nasarar zama wakili a Majalisar Wakilai na Najeriya a zabukan 2015 inda ta wakilci Dukku/Nafada Federal Constituency karkashin APC. Ta sake zama a zaman majalisar ta 9th Assembly inda ta kasance Shugabar Kwamitin Majalisar Wakilai kan Al’amuran Zabe da Jam’iyyun Siyasa. Ta yi fice wajen tattaunawa kan ilimin yara mata, ƙarfafa mata da matasa, da kuma samar da hanyoyin rage talauci da horo na sana’o’i.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> == Mafarkin Dokoki da Ayyuka == Dukku ta jagoranci ayyukan da suka shafi ilimin yara mata da kuma jajircewar ganin an samar da cibiyoyin ilimi da tallafi ga matasa da mata. A yayin aikin majalisa, ta yi kira ga samar da damar da ta dace ga masu nakasa, tsawaita lokacin rajista na CVR da inganta tsaro a zabe.<ref name="en.wikipedia.org"/> == Kammala Aiki da Kalubale == A cikin zabukan 2023, Dukku ta fuskanci kalubale wajen sake samun tikitin jam’iyya yayin da ta gaza dawowa Majalisar Wakilai a zaben fidda gwani, wanda wasu suka danganta matsalar da rashin wakilcin mata a siyasa ta Arewa.<ref>https://punchng.com/how-gender-discrimination-robs-north-of-more-quality-female-lawmakers/</ref> == Sauran Ayyuka == Ta kasance jagora wajen shirye‑shirye na bayar da tallafi ga mata a yankinta don bunkasa sana’o’in su da zaman kansu.<ref>https://blueprint.ng/gombe-rep-empowers-300-dukku-women/</ref> == Rayuwar Kai Da Kai == Dukku ta kasance mai mambanta rayuwar al’umma, tana da aure kuma tana zaune da mijinta a Gombe. A shekarar 2023 gwamnati ta yi ta’aziyya gare ta kan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, Hajiya Aishatu.<ref>https://periscopenga.com/2023/05/gombe-govt-commiserates-with-aisha-dukku-over-mums-demise-others/</ref> == References == <references /> rscb7v1tj5y7nqgoi8ky2n3cey7jsl9 0 148198 890299 822128 2026-08-01T20:57:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} [[Fayil:Head_and_shoulder_shot_of_Vee_Kativhu.jpg|alt=Smiling woman|right|thumb|Kathivhu a cikin 2021]] Varaidzo (Vee) Kativhu 'yar shekara 28 ce mai digiri na biyu na Burtaniya da Zimbabwe, mai fafutukar ilimin mata, mai magana da yawun kasa da kasa, marubuci kuma mai watsa labarai. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Diana kuma an jera ta a cikin jerin Mata 100 na [[BBC]] a cikin 2023 a matsayin "mai kirkirar abun ciki da kuma YouTuber". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Varaidzo Kativhu a Zimbabwe kuma ya girma yana magana da [[Yaren Shona|Harshen Shona]]. Mahaifinta ya mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara 2. Mahaifiyarta ta koma Ingila inda ita da 'yar'uwarta suka haɗu da mahaifiyarsu shekaru 5 bayan haka. Ta fara zama a Ingila, sannan a Pontypridd na Wales sannan ta koma West Midlands na Ingila. Yayinda take matashiya, ta yi aiki a McDonald's a Birmingham. yayin da take karatu don taimakawa mahaifiyarta. A shekara ta 16, malaminta ya gaya mata kada ta damu da neman wuri kamar [[Jami'ar Oxford]]. Ta yi kuma ita ce mutum na farko daga makarantar ta zuwa Oxford. Ta halarci Kwalejin Dudley <ref name="Sylvester" /> Ita ce mutum na farko daga makarantar ta zuwa Jami'ar Oxford, inda ta yi karatun ilimin kimiyyar gargajiya da tarihin d ̄ a a a Lady Margaret Hall . <ref name="Sylvester" /> <ref name="Assembly">{{Cite web |date=1 September 2021 |title=A conversation with YouTuber and girls' education activist Vee Kativhu |url=https://assembly.malala.org/stories/a-conversation-with-vee-kativhu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927003005/https://assembly.malala.org/stories/a-conversation-with-vee-kativhu |archive-date=27 September 2022 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=Assembly}}</ref> A cikin 2021 Kativhu ta kammala karatu tare da Masters a cikin manufofin ilimi na kasa da kasa daga [[Jami'ar Harvard]], tana karatu a kan layi saboda ƙuntatawa na [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]]. <ref name="LMH">{{Cite web |title=LMH alumna Vee Kativhu receives the Diana Award |url=https://www.lmh.ox.ac.uk/news/lmh-alumna-vee-kativhu-receives-diana-award |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703021143/https://www.lmh.ox.ac.uk/news/lmh-alumna-vee-kativhu-receives-diana-award |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=Lady Margaret Hall |language=en}}</ref> Ta kare bincikenta na PhD game da jagorancin ilimi a Jami'ar Claremont Graduate, Amurka a 2026. Tana magana ne game da asalin ta don ƙarfafa matasa a duk shafukan sada zumunta.<ref name="EbV2025">{{Cite web |title=Empowered by Vee - Home |url=https://www.empoweredbyvee.com/ |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=Empowered by Vee}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Yayin da yake Oxford, ta kafa tashar YouTube a cikin 2017 a ƙarƙashin sunan @veekativhu98 kuma ta yi sharhi game da abubuwan da ta samu a jami'a.[1][2][3] Abokinta kuma dalibarta Malala Yousafzai ta bayyana a wasu bidiyoyinta.[4] Bayan haka Kativhu ya kafa kungiyar agaji ta Vee, don taimakawa wajen samar da ilimi mai zurfi ga dalibai maza da mata daga marasa galihu da rashin kudi.[1][5][6] A cikin 2021, an buga littafinta na taimakon kai da Ƙarfafawa: Rayuwar Rayuwar ku tare da Sha'awa da Manufar.[7] Ta ci gaba da zama Nazarin Tuber kuma har zuwa Fabrairu 2026, tasharta tana da masu biyan kuɗi 281,000[8] [9] tare da jimlar bidiyo 692. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == A cikin 2021, an amince da nasarorin Kativhu tare da lambar yabo ta Diana <ref name="DianaAward2021">{{Cite web |title=THE 2021 DIANA AWARD ROLL OF HONOUR |url=https://diana-award.org.uk/our-programmes-and-initiatives/award-and-development/roll-of-honour/roll-of-honour-2021 |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=The Diana Award}}</ref> kuma [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta zaba ta a matsayin matashiyar jagora don Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban mai dorewa. <ref name="LMH"/><ref name="UN">{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=Influential young changemakers recognized by UN |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1127161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610185554/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1127161 |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=UN News |language=en}}</ref> British Vogue ya kira ta a matsayin Force For Change . An lissafa ta a cikin jerin Mata 100 na [[BBC]] a cikin 2023 a matsayin daya daga cikin mata masu ban sha'awa da tasiri a duniya. A cikin 2024, Kativhu ya sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Bradford ya zama ƙarami mafi ƙanƙanta da ya sami digiri mai daraja daga jami'ar.<ref name="UniBradford2024">{{Cite web |title=Hon-grad Vee’s on a mission to change the world through education |url=https://www.bradford.ac.uk/news/archive/2024/hon-grad-vees-on-a-mission-to-change-the-world-through-education-1.php |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=University of Bradford}}</ref> Dokta Kativhu an kira shi a matsayin Rare Rising Star ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Burtaniya. == Littattafai == *   * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 2021]. ''An ba da iko: Juya Lemons zuwa Lemonade''. Wani taken da aka yi amfani da shi don wannan littafin taimakon kai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vee Kativhu: Education, Books, Videos, Awards |url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/Vee_Kativhu |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Pindula}}</ref> Littafin yana ba da shawara mai amfani ga matasa game da ilimi, gaskatawa da kai, da kuma shawo kan rashin amfani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varaidzo (Vee) Kativhu |url=https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2023/01/varaidzo-vee-kativhu/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=UN Youth Office}}</ref> Ta kuma rubuta ra'ayoyin ra'ayi game da ilimi da aikin yanayi, gami da The New Humanitarian . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2017 |title=Don’t ignore the one group that can make climate action happen |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2017/09/20/don-t-ignore-one-group-can-make-climate-action-happen |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=The New Humanitarian}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Authority control}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.veekativhu.com Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420152442/https://www.veekativhu.com/ |date=2026-04-20 }} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s44j4p736xdvw89le1kxmi1hmmi4wuv 0 148224 890233 830577 2026-08-01T17:06:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890233 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lottie Gertrude Stevenson''' (née '''Bevier'''; 16 Satumba 1944 - 24 Agusta 2018) ta kasance jakadan Zimbabwe kuma '[[ɗan siyasa]]. Ta kasance memba na majalisa na Harare North a Majalisar dokokin Zimbabwe . Ta kuma kasance memba mai kafa Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) na Zimbabwe, mace ta farko da aka zabe a cikin MDC National Executive kuma, a lokacin da take aiki, mace ce kawai ta fari a majalisar dokokin kasar. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Stevenson a [[Atlanta]], Jojiya a Amurka, kuma ya halarci makaranta a Kwalejin Wymondham a Ingila daga 1955 zuwa 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Voice for Change |url=http://www.vwu.edu/news-a-events/news-releases.php?story=a-voice-for-change |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=www.vwu.edu |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826004938/http://www.vwu.edu/news-a-events/news-releases.php?story=a-voice-for-change |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta sami digiri na BA ([[Faransanci]] da [[Italiyanci]], girmamawa na hadin gwiwa) daga Jami'ar Karatu da Takardar shaidar Digiri a Ilimi daga Jami'an Zimbabwe . Ta zauna a [[Uganda]] a cikin shekarun 1970s, kafin ta tsere daga mulkin [[Idi Amin]] . Ta koma Zimbabwe a shekarar 1980, kuma ta zama 'yar kasar Zimbabwe a shekarar 1990.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2007 |title=Mrs Trudy STEVENSON (Profile) Who's Who of Southern Africa |url=http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=3627 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070811212424/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=3627 |archive-date=2007-08-11 |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=archive.is}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Stevenson ya rike mukamin memba na majalisar dokoki na Harare North daga 2000 zuwa 2008. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin sakataren kasa na MDC na Manufofin da Bincike ga MDC na asali da kuma karamin bangare na MDC. An nakalto ta tana cewa "[[Robert Mugabe|Mugabe]] ba ta tsoratar da ni, ina jin cewa aikina ne na tsaya don haƙƙin kowa".<ref name=":1"/> Stevenson shi ne shugaban kungiyar Combined Harare Residents Association, kuma ya jagoranci bukatar Kotun Koli ta kungiyar don zaben birni a cikin birni biyo bayan rushewar Majalisar Harare ta Ma'aikatar Karamar Hukumar saboda cin hanci da rashawa. Kwamishinonin birni da gwamnati ta nada, wadanda aka nada su na tsawon watanni shida, har yanzu suna nan bayan shekaru biyu. Hanyar ta yi nasara, duk da haka kafin a shirya zabe, Shugaba Mugabe ya bayyana cewa za a gudanar da zaben birni a lokaci guda da zaben shugaban kasa na 2002. A sakamakon gajeren lokaci don shirye-shiryen zaben ya kasance mai rikici kuma yawancin masu jefa kuri'a ba su iya jefa kuri'u ba. Duk da haka, kungiyar ta dauki ayyukansu a matsayin nasara saboda sun tilasta wa gwamnati ta amince da zabe a cikin birni. A shekara ta 2005, Stevenson da magoya baya da yawa sun bar MDC saboda karuwar dabarun tashin hankali na [[Morgan Tsvangirai]], shugaban kungiyar kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar. Ta shiga wata ƙungiya mai rabuwa da tsohuwar ɗaliban Arthur Mutambara ke jagoranta. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2006, bayan sun halarci taron siyasa a yankin Harare na [[Mabvuku]], Stevenson da abokan aikin siyasa guda hudu sun kai hari. Stevenson ta sha wahala panga raunuka a bayan wuyanta da kanta, karyewar hannu da wuyan hannu da karyewar ƙashin kumburin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meldrum |first=Andrew |date=4 July 2006 |title=Zimbabweans 'attacked by MDC rivals' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/04/zimbabwe.andrewmeldrum |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Shugabannin jam'iyyar adawa ta MDC nan da nan sun yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan bindiga na [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Afirka ta Zimbabwe|ZANU]] ne suka kai harin. Koyaya, yayin da take murmurewa a asibiti, Stevenson ta bayyana masu kai mata hari a matsayin membobin ƙungiyar MDC-T, karkashin jagorancin Tsvangirai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2006 |title=MP Press Statement: Trudy Stevenson and four others nearly killed by Tsvangirai's thugs in Mabvuku. |url=http://amadlandawonye.wikispaces.com/MP+Trudy+Stevenson+and+others+attacked+by+Tsvangirai+thugs |access-date=18 April 2026 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722140410/https://amadlandawonye.wikispaces.com/MP+Trudy+Stevenson+and+others+attacked+by+Tsvangirai+thugs |url-status=dead }}</ref> Timothy Mubawu, memba na MDC, daga baya aka tuhume shi da shirya harin. == Ayyukansa na baya da mutuwarsa == A shekara ta 2009, an nada Stevenson a matsayin Jakadan Zimbabwe a [[Senegal]] da [[Gambiya]], kuma yana da alhakin sake buɗe ofishin jakadancin Zimbabwe a Senegal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shango |first=King |date=1 September 2009 |title=Trudy appointed Zimbabwe ambassador to Senegal |url=http://www.zimnetradio.com/news/zimnet271160.html |access-date=10 October 2009 |publisher=Zim Net Radio |quote=The diplomatic posting was offered to Stevenson after it was snubbed by Insiza South MP [[Siyabonga Ncube]], who was offered the post first but refused to serve in Africa. |archive-date=6 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206134045/http://www.zimnetradio.com/news/zimnet271160.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta rike mukamin har ma bayan faduwar gwamnati a shekarar 2013. Direbanta ya sami Stevenson ta mutu a gidanta na [[Dakar|Dakar, Senegal]] a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2018. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Stevenson 'yar Lieutenant Gilbert Hasbrouck Bevier Jr. (1924-1946), wanda aka haife shi a Kingston, New York kuma ya mutu da tuhuma daga raunin bindiga a Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu. Ya shiga cikin Sojojin Sama na Sojojin Amurka a watan Mayu 1942, yayin da yake sabon shiga Jami'ar Rutgers, kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Ya kasance zuriyar bakwai daga cikin New Paltz, New York patentees, ko masu kafa, gami da Louis DuBois (Huguenot) . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Ann Elizabeth Jarrell ta Georgia . Tana da ɗan'uwa, Frank Hasbrouck Bevier . A watan Yulin 1965, ta auri Stuart Robert Stevenson, na Hailsham, Ingila, a Surrey, Ingila. Suna da 'ya'ya uku: Neil Robert, Catherine Bevier da Alexander Graham Stevenson . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Members of the 5th Parliament of Zimbabwe}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Stevenson, Trudy}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] hjxcyd9pib49lvd55nxqwec168r2ae8 0 148422 890156 824211 2026-08-01T14:31:22Z BnHamid 12586 890156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Zakia Hussein (Somali: Sakiya Hussein, Larabci: زكية حسين), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Zakia Hussein Ahmed, [1] 'yar siyasa ce ta Somaliya da ta samu gagarumar nasara a jami'an tsaron kasar, inda ta zama abin koyi ga mata a fadin Somalia. Zakia Hussein ta fito daga yankin Surre na babban dangin Dir. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Zakia Hussein a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1984, a Mogadishu, Somalia . Mahaifinta Hussein Ahmed likita ne wanda ya zama likitan mai zaman kansa na shugaban kasar Somalia na lokacin, Siyad Barre, yayin da mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in Bankin Kasuwancin Somalia yayin da take karatun digiri na biyu a gudanar da kasuwanci. Iyalin Hussein sun tsere daga yakin basasar Somalia lokacin da take 'yar shekara shida, daga ƙarshe suka zauna a [[Sweden]]. Ta shafe mafi yawan yarinta da karatun tilas a Sweden kafin ta koma Ingila tana da shekaru 22. == Ayyuka a Burtaniya == Hussein ta yi karatun alakar kasa da kasa da diflomasiyya a [[London|Landan]]_Metropolitan_University" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="London Metropolitan University">Jami'ar London Metropolitan, inda ta shiga cikin gwagwarmaya da bayar da shawarwari, musamman ga al'ummarta ta Somalia. Yayinda yake a jami'a a London, Hussein ya zama memba mai aiki na Ƙungiyar Musulunci kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama mataimakin shugabanta, yana magance Islamophobia a lokacin da ya zama ruwan dare. Ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar Hanoolaato, ƙungiyar zamantakewar siyasa da ke jagorantar ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke ba da shawara don zaman lafiya da ci gaba a [[Somaliya]]. Ta shiga kungiyar Anti Tribalism Movement kuma ta dauki bakuncin shirin tattaunawa na harshen Somaliya da ake kira Hooyo Talkshow a Somalia London Radio . Bugu da kari, ta shiga Hanoolaato kuma ta zama fitacciyar murya a cikin al'ummar Somaliya a London. == Ayyukan 'yan sanda a Somalia == A cikin 2012, Zakia Hussein ya koma [[Somaliya]] kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin manajan shirin a Cibiyar Nazarin Tarihi a Mogadishu. Ba da daɗewa ba ta shiga rundunar 'yan sanda ta Somalia a matsayin darektan' yan sanda na al'umma a shekarar 2014, ta zama mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin darakta a cikin rundunar. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban tsara manufofi kuma tana kula da tsarawa da kula da aiwatar da bayanan sirri da kuma tsarin sake fasalin hukumomi na Hukumar leken asiri da tsaro ta kasa. A lokacin da take cikin rundunar 'yan sanda, Hussein ta tsira daga yunkurin kisan kai sau biyu kuma ta fuskanci nuna bambancin jima'i da rashin amincewa a cikin ma'aikatar da maza suka mamaye. Koyaya, ta dage kuma a cikin 2018, an ɗaukaka ta zuwa Brigadier Janar kuma an nada ta a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamishinan 'yan sanda, <ref>{{Cite web |title=My Story – The Office General Zakia Hussien |url=https://genzakia.com/my-story/ |access-date=21 February 2023}}</ref> ta zama mace ta farko da ta kai ga duka abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin sojojin tsaro na Somalia. Ta ci gaba da turawa don sake fasalin ma'aikata da alaƙar jama'a da 'yan sanda, ta amfani da matsayinta don kawo jama'a le hukumomin tsaro kusa da juna. A cikin 2021, ta kafa rundunar soji ta musamman ta mata ta farko a Somaliya, ta kara nuna jajircewarta ga karfafa mata a kasar. == Kalubale da nasarorin == Zakia Hussein ya yi aiki don gina amincewar jama'a ga rundunar 'yan sanda biyo bayan zarge-zargen cin zarafi, cin hanci da rashawa, fyade, da cin zarafi. Ta kuma yi yaƙi da ra'ayoyi masu zurfi game da mata a Somaliya, ta zama abin koyi ga mata a cikin karfi da dukan yawan mata na Somaliya. Zakia Hussein Ahmed ta zama jagora ga mata a cikin jami'an tsaro na Somalia, ta rushe shingen da kuma ba da shawara ga sake fasalin ma'aikata da alaƙar jama'a da 'yan sanda. Keɓewarta ga hidimar ƙasar ta ya yi wa mutane da yawa wahayi kuma ya tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin abin koyi ga mata a duk faɗin Somaliya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nn7tc7tulrfl9yf2i7yrbs2tov6jm5k 0 148693 890158 827516 2026-08-01T14:32:58Z BnHamid 12586 890158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:2015 UEFA Super Cup 54 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''UEFA Super Cup''' wata gasa ce ta kwallon kafa da [[UEFA]] ke shirya wa a kowace shekara, inda zakaran [[UEFA Champions League]] ke karawa da zakaran [[UEFA Europa League]]. Ana daukar wannan wasa a matsayin bude kakar sabuwar wasannin Turai, kuma yawanci ana buga shi ne a watan Agusta. <ref>UEFA.com – UEFA Super Cup overview</ref> An fara gasar UEFA Super Cup ne a shekarar 1972, bayan ra’ayin wani dan jarida daga kasar Netherlands wanda ya so a gwada karfin kungiyoyin zakarun Turai. A farkon lokaci, zakaran [[European Cup]] ne ke haduwa da zakaran [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]. Bayan rushewar wannan gasar ta Cup Winners' Cup a 1999, sai aka maye gurbinta da zakaran UEFA Europa League. <ref>UEFA Historical Archives</ref> A farkon shekaru, ana buga wasan ne gida da waje (home and away), amma daga shekarar 1998 aka fara buga wasa daya kacal a filin tsaka-tsaki. Daga 1998 zuwa 2012, ana gudanar da wasan a filin [[Stade Louis II]] da ke Monaco kafin daga baya aka fara sauya filin duk shekara a kasashe daban-daban na Turai. <ref>UEFA Super Cup format changes</ref> Kungiyoyi da dama sun yi fice a wannan gasa, musamman [[FC Barcelona]] da [[AC Milan]] wadanda suka fi kowa yawan lashe kofin sau biyar. Haka kuma kungiyoyi kamar [[Real Madrid CF]], [[Liverpool FC]] da [[Atlético Madrid]] sun samu nasarori masu yawa a tarihin gasar. <ref>UEFA Club Records</ref> UEFA Super Cup na da muhimmanci domin yana hada zakarun manyan gasannin Turai guda biyu, wanda ke ba magoya baya damar ganin fafatawar manyan kungiyoyi tun farkon kakar wasa. Hakanan yana kara daukaka darajar kwallon kafa a nahiyar Turai. <ref>UEFA Official Reports</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Ana buga UEFA Super Cup ne a wasa daya kacal. Idan aka tashi kunnen doki bayan mintuna 90, ana kara lokaci (extra time), idan har yanzu babu wanda ya yi nasara, sai a buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida (penalty shootout). <ref>UEFA Match Regulations</ref> == Jerin wasu zakarun baya == * 2023 – [[Manchester City FC]] * 2022 – [[Real Madrid CF]] * 2021 – [[Chelsea FC]] * 2020 – [[FC Bayern Munich]] * 2019 – [[Liverpool FC]] <ref>UEFA Super Cup winners list</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[UEFA Champions League]] * [[UEFA Europa League]] * [[UEFA Europa Conference League]] == Manazarta == <references/> 810avo1zn08zlm12nnxidc4j4uyleqk 0 148722 890555 827774 2026-08-02T11:51:40Z BnHamid 12586 890555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Milan Lecce 2023 Thiaw.jpg|thumb]] '''Malick Laye Thiaw''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar '''AC Milan''' a gasar Serie A, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Jamus. An san shi da ƙarfinsa, tsayinsa da kuma iya kare ƙwallo a iska.<ref>Transfermarkt Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Malick Thiaw a Düsseldorf, [[Jamus]], yana da asalin ƙasar Senegal ta wajen mahaifinsa. Ya taso ne a Jamus inda ya fara koyon wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami.<ref>DFB Official Website</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Schalke 04 === Thiaw ya fara taka leda a matakin ƙwararru tare da Schalke 04 a shekarar 2020. Duk da ƙungiyar na fama da matsaloli a lokacin, ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matsayin mai tsaron baya, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa masu tasowa a [[Bundesliga]].<ref>Bundesliga Records</ref> === AC Milan === A shekarar 2022, ya koma AC Milan daga Schalke 04. A farkon lokacinsa, bai samu damar taka leda sosai ba, amma daga baya ya samu gurbi a cikin tawagar farko inda ya fara nuna ƙwarewarsa a gasar Serie A da kuma gasannin Turai.<ref>AC Milan Official</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Thiaw ya wakilci Jamus a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 21 (U21) kafin daga baya a kira shi cikin babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ya fara buga wasa a matakin babbar ƙungiya a shekarar 2023.<ref>Germany National Team Data</ref> == Salon wasa == Malick Thiaw ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai ƙarfi da tsayi, wanda yake da kwarewa wajen dakatar da abokan hamayya, da kuma iya taka leda da ƙwallo daga baya. Haka kuma yana da kyau a bugun kai saboda tsayinsa.<ref>Player Analysis Report</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] pthb7pkf5xoptavi61eiatbxo6bwpah 0 149166 890342 884671 2026-08-01T22:34:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wagner Aparecido Coradin Junior''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1989), wanda aka fi sani da '''Wagner Coradin''' ko kuma kawai '''Wagner''', [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] ga Sergipe . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Barretos, [[São Paulo]], Wagner ya kammala karatun matasa na Mirassol . Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Copa Paulista a 2009 tare da kulob din, kafin ya koma Corinthians Alagoano a kan aro na 2010 Campeonato Alagoano . A watan Maris na 2010, Wagner ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa União São João, amma bayan ya kasa buga wasa ko da na minti ɗaya a ƙungiyar, an ba shi aro ga Independent de Limeira a watan Yuni. Daga baya ya koma ƙasar waje, inda ya shiga Destroyers a gasar Liga Nacional B ; a wannan kakar, ƙungiyar ta kai zagayen share fage na ci gaba/faɗuwa, amma ta kasa cimma nasara yayin da ya ci kwallo ɗaya a wasan da ya gabata. [1] Wagner ya bar Destroyers a watan Disamba na 2012, kuma ya koma ƙasarsa tare da Grêmio Barueri a Série C. Ya sanya hannu a Nacional-AM kafin kakar wasa ta 2014, kafin ya koma ƙasarsa ta haihuwa tare da Olímpia . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2014 |title=Segundona: Por trás de Wagner Coradin há um multicampeão. Entenda! |trans-title=''Segundona'': Behind Wagner Coradin there is a multichampion goalkeeper. Understand! |url=https://www.futebolinterior.com.br/segundona-por-tras-de-wagner-coradin-ha-um-multicampeao-entenda/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=Futebol Interior |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Wagner ya koma Nacional a ranar 6 ga Disamba 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2014 |title=De volta ao Nacional-AM, goleiro Wagner revela: "Aguardava ansioso" |trans-title=Back to Nacional-AM, goalkeeper Wagner reveals: "I was waiting anxious" |url=https://ge.globo.com/am/noticia/2014/12/de-volta-ao-nacional-am-goleiro-wagner-revela-aguardava-ansioso.html |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> amma galibi zaɓi ne na madadin. An gabatar da shi a Ituano a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2015, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=Ituano se apresenta com novidades para 2016 |trans-title=Ituano is presented with news for 2016 |url=https://www.itu.com.br/futebol/noticia/ituano-se-apresenta-com-novidades-para-2016-20151217 |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=Itu |language=pt-BR}}</ref> koyaushe yana zama zaɓi na biyu a cikin shekaru uku da ya yi a kulob ɗin. A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2018, an sanar da Wagner a Campinense don kamfen ɗin 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2018 |title=Campinense anuncia as primeiras contratações para 2019 |trans-title=Campinense announce the first signings for 2019 |url=https://pbesportes.net/2018/11/08/campinense-anuncia-as-primeiras-contratacoes-para-2019/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=PB Esportes.net |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya sami shahara a ƙasa a wasan Campeonato Paraibano da Botafogo-PB, yayin da ya durƙusa don a yi masa hira da ɗan jarida mai ƙarancin motsi da ƙaramin tsayi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2019 |title=Repórter com deficiência se surpreende após foto com goleiro viralizar nas redes sociais |trans-title=Reporter with disability is surprised after picture with goalkeeper went viral in the social media |url=https://ge.globo.com/pb/futebol/noticia/reporter-com-deficiencia-chama-atencao-em-cobertura-esportiva-e-foto-com-goleiro-ajoelhado-viraliza.ghtml |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2019, Wagner ya amince da kwangila da ABC, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Clube do Povo acerta contratação de goleiro e volante |trans-title=''Clube do Povo'' sign goalkeeper and defensive midfielder |url=https://abcfc.com.br/comunicacao/noticias/clube-do-povo-acerta-contratacao-de-goleiro-e-volante/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=ABC FC |language=pt-BR |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203203939/https://abcfc.com.br/comunicacao/noticias/clube-do-povo-acerta-contratacao-de-goleiro-e-volante/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> amma ya koma Ferroviária a ranar 24 ga Janairu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2010 |title=Ferroviária confirma atacante e contrata mais um goleiro para o Paulistão |trans-title=Ferroviária confirm forward and sign another goalkeeper for the ''Paulistão'' |url=https://rciararaquara.com.br/ferroviaria/ferroviaria-confirma-atacante-e-contrata-mais-um-goleiro-para-o-paulistao/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=RCI Araraquara |language=pt-BR}}</ref> A matsayin madadin Saulo, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa [[Portugal]] a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2021 |title=Portuguesa contrata dois novos goleiros para a temporada de 2022 |trans-title=Portuguesa sign two new goalkeepers for the 2022 season |url=http://portuguesa.com.br/site/portuguesa-contrata-dois-novos-goleiros-para-a-temporada-de-2022/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |publisher=Associação Portuguesa de Desportos |language=pt-BR |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207204342/http://portuguesa.com.br/site/portuguesa-contrata-dois-novos-goleiros-para-a-temporada-de-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wagner ya ciyar da sihirinsa a ''Lusa'' a matsayin zaɓi na biyu a bayan Thomazella, ya lashe 2022 Campeonato Paulista Série A2 . == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|3 December 2022}}<ref>{{Soccerway|wagner-aparecido-coradin-junior/123541|Wagner|accessdate=3 December 2022}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] 1qo6r5mfid2n1vd1gmp0lop5mthruva 0 149383 890126 880143 2026-08-01T13:04:33Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356028920|Roberto Firmino]]" 890126 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Roberto Firmino Barbosa de Oliveira''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na gaba ko [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron baya]] a ƙungiyar Qatar Stars League ta Al Sadd . Bayan ya fara aikinsa da Figueirense a shekarar 2009, Firmino ya shafe kakar wasa hudu da rabi a TSG Hoffenheim . Kwallaye 16 da ya ci a wasanni 33 a kakar wasa ta 2013–14 ta Bundesliga sun sa ya sami kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan gasar. A watan Yulin 2015, ya sanya hannu a [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] . A kakar wasa ta 2018-19, Firmino ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, kuma kakar wasa ta gaba ta lashe gasar UEFA Super Cup, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA Club (bayan ya zura kwallo a wasan karshe ), da kuma gasar Premier ta 2019-20 . Ya kuma lashe kofin FA da kofin EFL tare da Liverpool a kakar wasa ta 2021-22 . Ana ɗaukar Firmino a matsayin gwarzon ƙungiyar asiri a Liverpool. A shekarar 2023, Firmino ya yanke shawarar kin tsawaita kwantiraginsa a Liverpool, kuma daga karshe ya koma kungiyar Al-Ahli ta Saudiyya, bayan shekaru takwas a Ingila. Tare da Al-Ahli, Firmino ya lashe gasar zakarun AFC shekaru biyu bayan haka. Firmino ya fara buga wa Brazil wasa a watan Nuwamba na 2014. Ya wakilci ƙasar a gasar Copa America ta 2015, 2019 da 2021, inda ya lashe gasar a shekarar 2019. Ya kuma wakilci ƙasar a [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018]] . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 72o7wvf6jg7ayatagb6fcg27jn0gt4o 890127 890126 2026-08-01T13:05:44Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356028920|Roberto Firmino]]" 890127 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Roberto Firmino Barbosa de Oliveira''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na gaba ko [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron baya]] a ƙungiyar Qatar Stars League ta Al Sadd . Bayan ya fara aikinsa da Figueirense a shekarar 2009, Firmino ya shafe kakar wasa hudu da rabi a TSG Hoffenheim . Kwallaye 16 da ya ci a wasanni 33 a kakar wasa ta 2013–14 ta Bundesliga sun sa ya sami kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan gasar. A watan Yulin 2015, ya sanya hannu a [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] . A kakar wasa ta 2018-19, Firmino ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, kuma kakar wasa ta gaba ta lashe gasar UEFA Super Cup, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA Club (bayan ya zura kwallo a wasan karshe ), da kuma gasar Premier ta 2019-20 . Ya kuma lashe kofin FA da kofin EFL tare da Liverpool a kakar wasa ta 2021-22 . Ana ɗaukar Firmino a matsayin gwarzon ƙungiyar asiri a Liverpool. A shekarar 2023, Firmino ya yanke shawarar kin tsawaita kwantiraginsa a Liverpool, kuma daga karshe ya koma kungiyar Al-Ahli ta Saudiyya, bayan shekaru takwas a Ingila. Tare da Al-Ahli, Firmino ya lashe gasar zakarun AFC shekaru biyu bayan haka. Firmino ya fara buga wa Brazil wasa a watan Nuwamba na 2014. Ya wakilci ƙasar a gasar Copa America ta 2015, 2019 da 2021, inda ya lashe gasar a shekarar 2019. Ya kuma wakilci ƙasar a [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018]] . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Firmino a unguwar Trapiche da Barra na [[Maceió]], Alagoas, yana girma kusa da Estadio Rei Pele . Ya girma a cikin iyali mai talauci kuma an siffanta shi da "mai tawali'u" kuma "mahaukacin ƙwallon ƙafa". <ref name="auto" /> Mahaifinsa Jose mai sayar da kaya ne a kan titi, mahaifiyarsa kuma matar gida ce. <ref name="auto" /> Yana kuma da 'yar'uwa. <ref name="auto" /> Firmino ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar makarantarsa wasa, inda ya samu damar yin gwaji a ƙungiyar CRB ta gida. <ref name="auto" /> A lokacin yana da shekaru 13, Firmino ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta CRB. Da farko ya sanya riga mai lamba 5, wadda a Brazil aka keɓe wa ɗan wasan tsakiya mafi tsaron baya. Lokacin da aka buƙata, ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Firmino ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Figueirense a shekarar 2008, yana da shekaru 17, bayan ya fara wasa a CRB. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2015 |title=De volante no CRB a alvo de ingleses, Firmino emociona amigo de Maceió |trans-title=From a defensive midfielder at CRB to English clubs' target, Firmino thrills a friend from Maceió |url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/selecao-brasileira/noticia/2015/06/de-volante-no-crb-alvo-de-ingleses-firmino-emociona-amigo-de-maceio.html |access-date=23 June 2015 |website=Globo Esporte |language=pt}}</ref> Likitan hakori, Marcellus Portella, ne ya gano shi. Da na ƙarshe, galibi ana amfani da shi a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaron baya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2015 |title=Primeiro técnico de Firmino no CRB rasga elogios e revela: "Era volante" |trans-title=Firmino's first manager at CRB praises him and reveals: "He was a defensive midfielder" |url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/al/noticia/2015/06/primeiro-tecnico-de-firmino-no-crb-rasga-elogios-e-revela-era-1-volante.html |access-date=23 June 2015 |website=Globo Esporte |language=pt}}</ref> Firmino ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 8 ga Mayu 2010, inda ya ci nasara a wasan da suka yi da São Caetano a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2010 |title=Figueirense estreia com vitória em cima do São Caetano |trans-title=Figueirense debuts with victory over São Caetano |url=http://espn.uol.com.br/noticia/119888_figueirense-estreia-com-vitoria-em-cima-do-sao-caetano |access-date=23 June 2015 |website=ESPN Brasil |language=pt}}</ref> Ya bayar da gudummawa da kwallaye takwas a wasanni 36 a kakar wasa, yayin da Figueirense FC ta koma Série A bayan rashin buga wasa na shekaru biyu. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] ouqg7rvg2j87yqpuoprs2quwst2pcma 0 149954 890363 832534 2026-08-02T00:26:59Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 890363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Danilo Pereira | fullname = Danilo Luís Hélio Pereira | birth_date = 9 February 1991 | birth_place = Bissau, Guinea-Bissau | position = Defensive midfielder / Centre-back | currentclub = Al-Ittihad (ko Paris Saint-Germain a baya) | nationalteam = Portugal }} [[Fayil:Danilo Pereira PSG.jpg|thumb]] '''Danilo Luís Hélio Pereira''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Portugal]] (wanda aka haifa a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1991) a [[Bisau|Bissau]], [[Guinea-Bissau]]. Yana taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kariya (''defensive midfielder'') ko kuma mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] (''centre-back''). A halin yanzu yana taka leda a matakin ƙungiya kuma ya wakilci ƙasar Portugal a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="intro">FIFA player profile / general career records</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == Danilo ya tashi ne a Guinea-Bissau kafin daga baya ya koma Portugal tare da iyalinsa tun yana ƙarami. A Portugal ne ya fara samun horon ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin matasa inda ya shiga tsarin horarwa na kulob ɗin Parma da sauran ƙananan kungiyoyi kafin ya fara fitowa a manyan kulob. Wannan sauyin ƙasa ya taimaka masa wajen samun damar shiga tsarin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai. <ref name="earlylife">UEFA development archives</ref> == Fara Aikin Kwallon Kafa == Danilo ya fara shahara ne lokacin da ya fara bugawa kulob ɗin Marítimo a Portugal. A can ya nuna kwarewa wajen tsayawa tsakiya da kare gaban baya, wanda ya jawo hankalin manyan kulob a Turai. Daga baya ya koma FC [[Porto]] inda ya samu ci gaba mai yawa a aikinsa kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar. <ref name="porto">FC Porto historical squad records</ref> == Aikin Kulob == A FC Porto, Danilo ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen lashe kofuna da dama na gasar Portugal. Daga baya ya koma [[Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) inda ya ci gaba da taka leda a manyan gasanni kamar Ligue 1 da UEFA Champions League. Ya kuma taka rawar gani wajen taimaka wa PSG a matakin tsaro da ƙwarewar sarrafa wasa daga tsakiya. <ref name="psg">Ligue 1 official records</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Danilo Pereira yana daga cikin ‘yan wasan ƙasar Portugal kuma ya wakilci ƙasarsa a gasar UEFA Euro da kuma wasannin neman cancantar FIFA World Cup. Ya kasance ɗan wasa mai muhimmanci a tawagar saboda iya taka leda a wurare daban-daban a filin wasa. <ref name="nationalteam">Portugal Football Federation records</ref> == Salon Wasa == Danilo yana da ƙarfi a jiki, iya kare ƙwallo da kuma iya yin interception. Yana da kyau wajen sarrafa kwallo daga baya zuwa gaba, wanda ke taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa wajen fara kai hari. Hakanan yana da iya buga kai (heading) sosai a lokacin bugun kusurwa da kuma kariya. <ref name="style">UEFA technical analysis reports</ref> == Kammalawa == Danilo Pereira ɗan wasa ne mai kwarewa wanda ya yi tasiri a ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai da kuma ƙasar Portugal. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan wasan da suka haɗa ƙarfi da fasaha a tsakiya da kuma tsaro. <ref name="conclusion">General football analytics summaries</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> 4qp8qwxb7uzzbby5x3zz5zh17wpw52i 0 150106 890190 832940 2026-08-01T14:47:55Z BnHamid 12586 890190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Betão 2009.jpg|thumb]] '''Ebert Willian Amâncio''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Betão''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba 1983) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya. Ya yi suna wajen iya kare hari, ƙarfi a wasan sama, da kuma iya taka leda a ɓangaren dama na baya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%A3o_(footballer,_born_November_1983)|title=Betão (footballer, born November 1983)|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Betão a birnin São Paulo na ƙasar Brazil. Ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami a makarantar horaswa ta ƙungiyar Corinthians inda ya samu horo mai zurfi kafin ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. Tun yana matashi ya nuna ƙwarewa a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai iya amfani da ƙarfi da dabaru wajen dakatar da ‘yan gaba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebert_Willian_Am%C3%A2ncio|title=Ebert Willian Amâncio|website=Portuguese Wikipedia}}</ref> == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == === Corinthians === Betão ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar Corinthians a shekarar 2001 bayan ya fito daga makarantar matasa ta ƙungiyar. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da ''Copa do Brasil'' ta shekarar 2002 da kuma gasar ''Campeonato Brasileiro Série A'' ta shekarar 2005. A shekarar 2007 ya kasance daga cikin shugabannin ƙungiyar kuma ya riƙe kambun kyaftin a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebert_Willian_Am%C3%A2ncio|title=Ebert Willian Amâncio|website=Portuguese Wikipedia}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Corinthians, Betão ya yi fice saboda jajircewa da rashin gajiya wajen kare baya. Duk da haka, kakar 2007 ta kasance mai wahala ga ƙungiyar bayan da ta fuskanci koma wa mataki na biyu, abin da ya jawo suka daga magoya baya da shugabanni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%A3o_(footballer,_born_November_1983)|title=Betão (footballer, born November 1983)|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> === Santos === Bayan ƙarshen kwantiraginsa da Corinthians, Betão ya koma ƙungiyar Santos a shekarar 2008. Ya buga wasansa na farko ne ranar 16 ga Janairu 2008 a gasar Campeonato Paulista. Duk da cewa zamansa a Santos bai daɗe ba, ya nuna ƙwarewa a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai iya taka leda cikin nutsuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%A3o_(footballer,_born_November_1983)|title=Betão (footballer, born November 1983)|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> === Dynamo Kyiv === A shekarar 2008 Betão ya koma ƙungiyar [[Dynamo Kyiv]] ta ƙasar Ukraine inda ya yi shekaru masu yawa yana taka leda a nahiyar Turai. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Premier ta Ukraine da kuma Super Cup. A lokacin zamansa a Kyiv ya buga wasanni sama da ɗari kuma ya shiga gasar UEFA Champions League sau da dama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebert_Willian_Am%C3%A2ncio|title=Ebert Willian Amâncio|website=Portuguese Wikipedia}}</ref> Betão ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan bayan ƙungiyar saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen dakatar da manyan ‘yan gaba na Turai. Haka kuma ya iya taka leda a matsayin ɗan baya na dama idan buƙata ta taso.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/betao/profil/spieler/18445|title=Betão - Transfermarkt|website=Transfermarkt}}</ref> === Evian da Ponte Preta === A shekarar 2013 an ba Betão aro zuwa ƙungiyar Evian ta Faransa. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen kaiwa wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de France. Bayan haka ya koma Brazil inda ya taka leda a Ponte Preta kafin daga baya ya sake komawa Turai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%A3o|title=Betão|website=French Wikipedia}}</ref> === Avaí === A shekarar 2016 Betão ya koma ƙungiyar Avaí ta Brazil. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar kuma kyaftin a wasu lokuta. Ya taimaka wajen samun nasarar hawa gasar Série A sau da dama da kuma lashe Campeonato Catarinense a shekarun 2019 da 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebert_Willian_Am%C3%A2ncio|title=Ebert Willian Amâncio|website=Portuguese Wikipedia}}</ref> A watan Mayun shekarar 2022, Betão ya sanar da yin ritaya daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa bayan fiye da shekaru ashirin yana taka leda a matakin ƙwararru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%A3o_(footballer,_born_November_1983)|title=Betão (footballer, born November 1983)|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Betão ya shahara wajen iya tsaron baya da ƙarfi, cin ƙwallon sama, da kuma iya rufe ‘yan gaba. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen tsara baya da kuma iya taka leda a wurare daban-daban na tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballtop.com/players/betao|title=Betão Biography|website=FootballTop}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Corinthians === * Torneio Rio–São Paulo: 2002 * Copa do Brasil: 2002 * Campeonato Paulista: 2003 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2005 === Dynamo Kyiv === * Ukrainian Premier League: 2008–09, 2014–15 * Ukrainian Cup: 2014–15 * Ukrainian Super Cup: 2009–10 === Avaí === * Campeonato Catarinense: 2019, 2021 == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/betao/profil/spieler/18445 Betão a Transfermarkt] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%A3o_(footballer,_born_November_1983) Betão a Wikipedia ta Turanci] {{DEFAULTSORT:Betao}} [[Category:Haihuwar 1983]] [[Category:Mutanen Brazil]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Brazil]] [[Category:Masu tsaron baya]] [[Category:Corinthians players]] [[Category:Santos FC players]] [[Category:Dynamo Kyiv players]] [[Category:Avaí FC players]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] fukvd1to9ndwy9v7mewk0imq0agn8e8 0 150120 890154 832980 2026-08-01T14:30:55Z BnHamid 12586 890154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Filipe Luís 2018.jpg|thumb]] '''Filipe Luís Kasmirski''' (an haife shi 9 ga Agusta, 1985) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda ya shahara a matsayin mai buga baya a gefen hagu. Ya taka leda a manyan ƙungiyoyi a Turai da Brazil, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan baya masu tsaro da kai hari a zamaninsa. <ref>FIFA Player Profile; Transfermarkt Biography</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Filipe Luís an haife shi a Jaraguá do Sul a jihar Santa Catarina ta Brazil. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya fara horo a ƙananan makarantu na wasanni kafin ya shiga tsarin matasa na ƙungiyar Figueirense. Wannan matakin farko ya taimaka masa wajen gina ƙwarewa da dabarun wasan baya. <ref>CBF Archives; Club Youth Development Records</ref> == Farkon aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa == Ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru da Figueirense kafin ya koma Turai inda ya shiga ƙungiyar Ajax ta Netherlands. Daga baya ya koma Real Madrid Castilla (Real Madrid B), inda ya ci gaba da samun ƙwarewa a matakin Turai. Duk da haka, ya fi fice sosai bayan komawarsa Deportivo La Coruña inda ya zama ɗan wasa na farko a tawagar. <ref>La Liga Historical Records; Ajax Club Archives</ref> == Zamaninsa a Atlético Madrid == A shekarar 2010, Filipe Luís ya koma Atlético Madrid, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar. A nan ne ya kai kololuwar ƙwarewarsa, inda ya lashe La Liga, Copa del Rey, da Europa League. Salon wasansa na tsaro mai ƙarfi da kai hari ya sa aka yaba masa sosai a duniya. <ref>UEFA Records; Atlético Madrid Official History</ref> == Zama a Chelsea == A shekarar 2014, ya koma Chelsea FC a Ingila. Duk da cewa lokacin sa bai yi tsawo sosai ba, ya samu damar lashe Premier League da League Cup. Sai dai bai samu damar zama gwarzon farko a tawagar ba saboda tsananin gasa a matsayinsa. <ref>Premier League Archives; Chelsea FC Records</ref> == Komawa Atlético Madrid == Bayan shekara guda a Ingila, ya koma Atlético Madrid a 2015. A wannan zangon ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani, yana taimakawa ƙungiyar wajen kaiwa matakai masu muhimmanci a gasar Turai da Spain. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin jagororin ƙungiyar a filin wasa. <ref>UEFA Match Reports; La Liga Statistics</ref> == Zama a Flamengo == A 2019, Filipe Luís ya koma Brazil ya shiga Flamengo. A nan ya lashe Copa Libertadores da sauran kofuna a ƙasar Brazil, yana nuna ƙwarewarsa duk da tsufa a aikinsa. Ya zama jagora ga matasa ‘yan wasa a ƙungiyar. <ref>CONMEBOL Records; Flamengo Official Archives</ref> == Salon wasa == Filipe Luís yana da ƙwarewa a matsayin left-back mai tsaro da kai hari. Yana da ƙwarewar karanta wasa, yin intercepts, da taimakawa kai hari ta gefen hagu. Hakanan yana da kyakkyawan ƙwarewar fasaha da fitar da kwallo daga baya. <ref>UEFA Technical Reports; Tactical Analysis Journals</ref> == Ritaya == Bayan dogon lokaci mai cike da nasarori, ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa a Flamengo. Bayan ritaya, ya fara shiga harkar horarwa da nazarin wasanni. <ref>Flamengo Press Release; Sports News Archives</ref> == Kammalawa == Filipe Luís ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan baya na zamaninsa, wanda ya yi fice a Turai da Kudancin Amurka. Tarihinsa yana nuna ƙwazo, horo, da jajircewa a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa. == Manazarta == <references /> cdwpqzfpbbo5uro38fs7rimmeebqa1d 0 150139 890561 833020 2026-08-02T11:55:49Z BnHamid 12586 890561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Catherine Mary Ajizinga Chipembere''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1935) 'yar gwagwarmayar jinsi ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Malawi. An haife ta ne a 1935 a Malawi. Ita ce matar ɗan ƙasar Malawi Henry Masauko Chipembere kuma ita ce mahaifiyar sanannen ɗan wasan jazz na duniya Masauko Chipembere Jr. An tura ta gudun hijira zuwa Amurka daga Malawi tare da mijinta, kuma daga baya ta koma Malawi kuma ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaba a majalisar dokokin Malawi. A halin yanzu tana aiki tare da marayu na cutar kanjamau kuma tana gudanar da makarantun sakandare goma sha biyu, tana ba da sabis ga marayu na AIDS sama da 1,000. Har ila yau, tana gudanar da hadin gwiwar mata a Mangochi.&nbsp; == Rayuwa ta farko == Chipembere ta halarci makarantar sakandare a lokacin da ba a dauki ilimi a matsayin fifiko ga 'yan mata na Malawi ba. Ta sami tallafin karatu don nazarin kimiyyar cikin gida a Ingila. Ta sadu kuma ta auri ɗan ƙasar Malawi Henry Masauko Chipembere lokacin da ta koma Malawi. Ta gudu tare da 'ya'yansu bakwai zuwa Amurka a karkashin gudun hijira, bayan mulkin kama-karya [[Hastings Banda|Kamuzu Banda]] ya yanke dangantakarsu da mijinta. Masauko Chipembere ya mutu a Amurka a 1975 daga ciwon sukari.<ref name="Hahn" /> Chipembere ya ci gaba da neman digiri na farko a ilimin yara daga Jami'ar California a Los Angeles. Ta kuma gudanar da wurin kula da yara a gidanta kuma ta tayar da 'ya'yanta.<ref name="Hahn" /> == Rayuwar siyasa == An tilasta wa Catherine Chipembere zuwa gudun hijira daga Malawi tare da mijinta kuma sun zauna a waje da kasar na tsawon shekaru 29. A shekara ta 1994, bayan ƙarshen mulkin Banda, ta koma Malawi a matsayin jarumi. An zabe ta a matsayin mace ta farko a majalisar dokokin Malawi. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ministan ilimi, kimiyya da fasaha sannan kuma a matsayin mataimakin ministan lafiya da yawan jama'a.<ref name="Hahn" /> Ta sami damar amfani da digiri don kula da ilimin firamare da sakandare.<ref name="Hahn" />&nbsp; Ta yi ritaya daga aikinta na siyasa a shekarar 1998 kuma ta fara "Women's Initiative Network". A cikin wani yunkuri da aka yada, ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da sunan mijinta duk da sake yin aure, a matsayin sanarwa ta siyasa. Iyalin Chipembere ne suka gurfanar da ita saboda kiyaye sunanta na Chipembere.<ref name="inf" /> Kodayake ta lashe shari'ar, gwamnatin Muluzi ta cire Catherine daga mukaminta da zama a bangaren gwamnati a shekarar 1998.<ref name="inf" /> == Cibiyar Nazarin Mata == Cibiyar Nazarin Mata (WIN) cibiyar sadarwa ce mai zaman kanta ta mata ta Malawi wacce ke gudanar da bita na karfafawa ga mata matasa waɗanda take jagoranta. Cibiyar sadarwa ta haɗu da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kamar Global Soles a Amurka don kawo takalma ga marayu a Malawi a cikin 2009. WIN Malawi tana aiki a yankunan karkara na Mangochi kuma ta gina kuma ta dauki nauyin makarantun firamare goma sha biyu waɗanda ke ilmantarwa, ciyarwa da kula da marayu sama da dubu. Yawancin yara suna tsakanin shekaru biyu zuwa shida.<ref name="Fort" /> Da yawa daga cikin marayu marayu ne na cutar kanjamau.<ref name="Fort" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin abin da ya biyo baya a matsayin abin kunya na jama'a da kuma sanannen shari'ar kotu, dangin Chipembere sun kai Catherine kotu don kiyaye sunanta na Chipembere, kodayake ta sake yin aure. Ta lashe wannan shari'ar kuma ta sami damar riƙe sunan mahaifiyar a matsayin gwauruwa ta siyasa. Tana da 'ya'ya bakwai, ciki har da mawaƙin jazz Masauko Chipembere Jr. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] 3v3udn2h2474cac7s9nyy4u6fspyd9b 0 150318 890343 881563 2026-08-01T22:36:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wahab Ackwei''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ghana wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na kungiyar USL Championship Sporting JAX . == Ayyuka == === Abokan hulɗa === Ackwei ya fara buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ghana a lokacin kakar 2015 tare da Inter Allies FC a cikin Ghanaian Division One . Ackwei ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Inter Allies a ranar 20 ga Maris 2017 a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan Tema Youth F.C. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inter Allies Defender Wahab Ackwei Wants To Add Goals To His Game |url=http://www.sportsnetghana.com/inter-allies-defender-wahab-ackwei-wants-to-add-goals-to-his-game/ |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=sportsnetghana.com |language= }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 28 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2017 ya zira kwallaye na aro ga Inter Allies a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan [[Bechem United FC|Bechem United]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2017 |title=Match report: Inter Allies 1-0 Bechem United |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Match-Report-Inter-Allies-1-0-Bechem-United-553482 |access-date=28 June 2017 |website=ghanaweb.com |language=}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2017 Ackwei ya zira kwallaye na farko na tawagarsa daga wurin kisa a cikin nasarar 2-0 a kan Medeama S.C.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Match report: Inter Allies 2-0 Medeama |url=https://777score.ng/football/matches/inter-allies-medeama-08-10-2017-372438 |access-date=8 October 2017 |website=777score.ng |language= |archive-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131536/https://777score.ng/football/matches/inter-allies-medeama-08-10-2017-372438 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar 2017 inda ya zira kwallaye 3 a wasanni 23 an ruwaito cewa kungiyoyi daga Turai da Major League Soccer suna bin mai tsaron gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top clubs in Europe and America chasing Inter Allies defender Wahab Ackwei |url=https://topghananews.com/top-clubs-in-europe-and-america-chasing-inter-allies-defender-wahab-ackwei/ |access-date=14 November 2017 |website=topghananews.com |language= }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ackwei ya taka leda a kulob din na tsawon shekaru uku kafin ya bar lokacin da kwangilarsa ta kare a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wahab Ackwei leaves Inter Allies after 3 years |url=http://www.sunnews.info/ghana-news/index.php/2017/12/21/wahab-ackwei-leaves-inter-allies-after-3-years/ |access-date=21 December 2017 |website=sunnews.info |language= |archive-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206075029/http://www.sunnews.info/ghana-news/index.php/2017/12/21/wahab-ackwei-leaves-inter-allies-after-3-years/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan barin Inter Allies, an ruwaito cewa Ackwei yana da tayin daga Accra Hearts of Oak bayan yarjejeniya da kungiyar Danish Viborg FF ta kasa cikawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2017 |title=Ackwei agrees terms with Hearts |url=https://footballmadeinghana.com/2017/12/20/ackwei-agrees-terms-with-hearts/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223112624/http://footballmadeinghana.com/2017/12/20/ackwei-agrees-terms-with-hearts/ |archive-date=23 December 2017 |access-date=21 December 2017 |website=sunnews.info |language=}}</ref> === New York Red Bulls II === A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2018 an sanar da cewa Ackwei ya sanya hannu tare da New York Red Bulls II . <ref>{{Cite web |title=NYRB II Sign Steven Echevarria and Wahab Ackwei |url=https://www.newyorkredbulls.com/post/2018/02/14/nyrb-ii-sign-steven-echevarria-and-wahab-ackwei |access-date=14 February 2018 |website=newyorkredbulls.com |language=}}</ref> === Masu kiɗa na Richmond === A watan Maris na 2019, Richmond Kickers sun sanya hannu kan Ackwei . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=22 March 2019 |title=American side Richmond Kickers FC sign Ghanaian youngster Wahab Ackwei |url=https://footballghana.com/american-side-richmond-kickers-fc-sign-ghanaian-youngster-wahab-ackwei |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=footballghana.com}}</ref> === Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya === Ackwei ya sanya hannu tare da Loudoun United a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 February 2021 |title=Loudoun United Adds Quartet of Newcomers to Squad |url=https://www.loudoununitedfc.com/news_article/show/1145823 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420221502/https://www.loudoununitedfc.com/news_article/show/1145823 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=loudoununitedfc.com}}</ref> === Rio Grande Valley FC === A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun 2022, Ackwei ya koma kungiyar USL Championship ta Rio Grande Valley FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Toros Add Wahab Ackwei to Defensive Corps |url=https://www.uslchampionship.com/news_article/show/1208904}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2022, Ackwei ya zira kwallaye na farko ga RGV a lokacin da aka yi asara 3-2 ga Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2022 |title=MATCH RECAP: LATE COMEBACK FALLS SHORT FOR RGV FC IN COLORADO |url=https://www.rgvfc.com/news/2022/05/06/match-recap-late-comeback-falls-short-for-rgv-fc-in-colorado%ef%bf%bc/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |website=rgvfc.com |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526203652/https://www.rgvfc.com/news/2022/05/06/match-recap-late-comeback-falls-short-for-rgv-fc-in-colorado%EF%BF%BC/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Colorado Springs Switchbacks === Bayan Rio Grande Valley ya ninka Ackewi ya koma Colorado Springs Switchbacks kafin kakar wasa ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=hugh.johnson@gazette.com |first=Hugh Johnson |date=2023-12-09 |title=Colorado Springs Switchbacks coach Stephen Hogan said decisions on Romario Williams, Deshane Beckford were business, club signs three |url=https://gazette.com/sports/colorado-springs-switchbacks-coach-stephen-hogan-said-decisions-on-romario-williams-deshane-beckford-were-business/article_8604311e-96e5-11ee-bfd9-9b09deb3f966.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=Colorado Springs Gazette |language=en}}</ref> === Jirgin ƙasa na El Paso === A watan Agustan 2024, an sayar da Ackwei zuwa El Paso Locomotive don musayar Justin Dhillon . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Huichapa |first=Alberto |title=El Paso Locomotive FC Acquire Wahab Ackwei via Transfer From Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC |url=https://www.eplocomotivefc.com/news/2024/08/08/el-paso-locomotive-fc-acquire-wahab-ackwei-via-transfer-from-colorado-springs-switchbacks-fc/ |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=EPLocomotiveFC.com |publisher=[[El Paso Locomotive FC|El Paso Locomotive]]}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin [ƙasa-alpha 1] ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="4" |Abokan hulɗa |2015 |Gasar Firimiya ta Ghana |12 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |12 |0 |- |2016 |Gasar Firimiya ta Ghana |21 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |21 |0 |- |2017 |Gasar Firimiya ta Ghana |23 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !56 !3 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !56 !3 |- |New York Red Bulls II |2018 |USL |7 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |7 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Masu kiɗa na Richmond |2019 |USL League One |25 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |26 |1 |- |2020 |USL League One |13 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |13 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !38 !0 !1 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !39 !1 |- |Loudoun United FC |2021 |Gasar USL |9 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |9 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Rio Grande Valley FC Toros |2022 | rowspan="2" |Gasar USL |31 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |15 |1 |- |2023 |23 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |24 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !63 !4 !3 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !65 !4 |- | rowspan="2" |Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC |2024 |Gasar USL |5 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !5 !1 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !6 !1 |- | rowspan="3" |El Paso Locomotive FC |2024 | rowspan="2" |Gasar USL |9 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |9 |0 |- |2025 |21 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1{{Efn|Includes appearance in [[USL Cup]]}} |0 |24 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !30 !2 !2 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !33 !2 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !192 !10 !7 !1 !0 !0 !1 !0 !200 !11 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] <references /> nao28ay9vj4st1ofygtj5j0epv9we7d 0 150554 890285 882734 2026-08-01T20:22:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Unai Simón.jpg|thumb]] '''Unai Simón Mendibil''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Spain wanda yake taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[Athletic Bilbao]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Spain. An haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1997 a birnin Vitoria-Gasteiz na ƙasar Spain. Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida na ƙarni na zamani a ƙasar Spain saboda bajintarsa wajen hana ƙwallaye da kuma iya sarrafa ƙwallo da ƙafafunsa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.athletic-club.eus/en/players/unai-simon|title=Unai Simón profile|publisher=Athletic Club}}</ref> Unai Simón ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami inda ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta ƙungiyar Athletic Bilbao. Bayan ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matakin matasa, an ɗaga shi zuwa ƙungiyar Basconia sannan daga baya zuwa Bilbao Athletic wanda ita ce ƙungiyar masu tasowa ta Athletic Bilbao. Ya samu ci gaba cikin sauri saboda kwarewarsa wajen kama ƙwallaye masu wahala da kuma iya tsara kariya daga baya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/unai-simon|title=Unai Simón - La Liga Profile|publisher=La Liga}}</ref> A shekarar 2018 ne Unai Simón ya fara taka leda a babban ƙungiyar Athletic Bilbao bayan wasu masu tsaron gida na ƙungiyar sun samu rauni. Ya yi amfani da wannan dama wajen tabbatar da kansa a matsayin zabin farko na mai tsaron gida. A kakar wasansa ta farko a La Liga, ya nuna kwarewa sosai inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen samun sakamako masu kyau a gasar Spain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football|title=Unai Simón emerges as Athletic Club first choice goalkeeper|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka sanya Unai Simón ya yi fice shi ne iya taka ƙwallo da ƙafafunsa kamar yadda ake bukata a wasan zamani. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa suna yaba masa saboda yadda yake fara kai hari daga baya ta hanyar bayar da dogayen ƙwallaye masu inganci ga 'yan wasan gaba. Haka kuma yana da saurin yanke hukunci yayin fuskantar haɗari daga abokan hamayya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com|title=UEFA player analysis: Unai Simón|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Unai Simón ya fara buga wasa a tawagar ƙasar Spain a shekarar 2020. Ya samu damar zama mai tsaron gida na farko bayan bajintar da ya nuna a Athletic Bilbao. Ya wakilci Spain a manyan gasa irin su UEFA Euro 2020 da kuma FIFA World Cup 2022. A gasar Euro 2020 ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kai Spain zuwa wasan kusa da na ƙarshe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com|title=Unai Simón - FIFA Player Profile|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya yi kuskure a wasu wasanni musamman a Euro 2020 lokacin da ƙwallo ta kuɓuce masa a wasa da Croatia, Simón ya nuna ƙarfin hali da juriya ta hanyar dawowa cikin ƙarfi a sauran wasannin gasar. Wannan ya sa masu sharhi suka yaba masa saboda yadda yake iya shawo kan matsin lamba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football|title=Spain goalkeeper Unai Simón responds after Croatia mistake|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Unai Simón ya taimaka wa Spain wajen lashe UEFA Nations League bayan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a bugun fenariti a wasan ƙarshe. Hakan ya ƙara tabbatar da matsayinsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu tsaron gida a Turai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefanationsleague|title=Spain win UEFA Nations League|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A wajen rayuwarsa ta kashin kai, Unai Simón mutum ne mai son natsuwa kuma baya yawan bayyana rayuwarsa ga kafafen yaɗa labarai. Yana mai da hankali sosai kan horo da kuma cigaban wasansa. Masu horarwa da abokan wasansa suna yaba masa saboda jajircewa da kuma biyayya ga umarnin masu horo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol|title=Unai Simón praised for discipline and professionalism|publisher=AS|access-date=2026-05-11|archive-date=2026-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260502145324/https://as.com/futbol/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Salon Wasansa == Unai Simón yana daga cikin masu tsaron gida masu amfani da tsarin zamani na “sweeper-keeper”, wato mai tsaron gida wanda yake iya fitowa daga yankinsa domin taimakawa wajen kare hari ko fara kai farmaki. Yana da tsayi mai kyau da kuma saurin motsi duk da girmansa. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen tare bugun fenariti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com|title=How Unai Simón became Spain's number one goalkeeper|publisher=Goal}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Athletic Bilbao === * Copa del Rey: 2023–24 === Spain === * UEFA Nations League: 2022–23 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.athletic-club.eus/en/players/unai-simon Unai Simón a shafin Athletic Bilbao] * [https://www.fifa.com Unai Simón a shafin FIFA] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1997]] [[Category:Spanish footballers]] [[Category:Association football goalkeepers]] [[Category:Athletic Bilbao players]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Spain international footballers]] t4zazarhg66a6gor4pz80e86dyi8aul 0 150556 890441 881909 2026-08-02T06:40:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Manchester United v Villarreal CF, 29 September 2021 (07) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Yeremy Pino | hoto = Yeremy Pino 2023.jpg | cikakken_suna = Yeremy Jesús Pino Santos | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2002|10|20}} | wurin_haihuwa = Las Palmas, Spain | tsawo = 1.72 m | matsayi = Dan wasan gaba | kungiyar_yanzu = Villarreal | lamba = 21 | matasa_shekaru1 = 2010–2014 | matasa_kungiya1 = Huracán | matasa_shekaru2 = 2014–2017 | matasa_kungiya2 = Villarreal | shekaru1 = 2020– | kungiya1 = Villarreal B | wasanni1 = 3 | kwallaye1 = 0 | shekaru2 = 2020– | kungiya2 = Villarreal | wasanni2 = 120 | kwallaye2 = 18 | shekaru3 = 2021– | kungiyar_kasa1 = Spain | wasannin_kasa1 = 14 | kwallayen_kasa1 = 2 }} '''Yeremy Jesús Pino Santos''' (an haife shi ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Spain]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ko kuma ɗan gefe ga ƙungiyar [[Villarreal CF]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Spain. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan da suka yi fice saboda saurin gudu, iya wuce ‘yan baya da kuma kirkirar damar cin ƙwallo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yeremy Pino profile|url=https://www.villarrealcf.es/en/player/yeremy-pino|publisher=Villarreal CF|access-date=11 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Yeremy Pino a birnin Las Palmas dake tsibirin Canary Islands na ƙasar Spain. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa inda ya fara taka leda a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi kafin daga bisani ya shiga makarantar horaswa ta Villarreal. Iyawarsa ta burge masu horaswa tun yana ƙarami saboda yadda yake amfani da ƙafafunsa cikin sauri da dabaru wajen kai hari.<ref>{{cite web|title=Who is Yeremy Pino?|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/yeremy-pino|publisher=La Liga|access-date=11 May 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiya == === Villarreal === Pino ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Villarreal a shekarar 2014 bayan ya bar ƙungiyar Huracán. Bayan ci gaba da nuna bajinta a matakin matasa, ya samu damar shiga tawagar farko ta Villarreal a shekarar 2020. Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar La Liga yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙantar shekaru da suka fara bugawa ƙungiyar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yeremy Pino makes Villarreal debut|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2020/10/22/5f91b1e8ca4741f00a8b45c3.html|publisher=Marca|access-date=11 May 2026}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2020, ya ci ƙwallonsa ta farko a gasar UEFA Europa League a wasan da Villarreal ta buga da Qarabağ. Wannan nasara ta sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan Spain da suka fara haskawa a Turai cikin sauri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Europa League: Villarreal vs Qarabag|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/2029717--qarabag-vs-villarreal/|publisher=UEFA|access-date=11 May 2026}}</ref> A kakar 2020–21, Pino ya taimaka wa Villarreal ta lashe kofin UEFA Europa League bayan sun doke Manchester United a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan shi ne babban kofin Turai na farko a tarihin ƙungiyar Villarreal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Villarreal win Europa League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0269-125fbe8d7b58-3f0df3f6cb35-1000--villarreal-win-europa-league/|publisher=UEFA|access-date=11 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Yeremy Pino ya yi fice sosai bayan ya ci ƙwallaye huɗu a wasa guda a karawar da Villarreal ta yi da Espanyol a gasar La Liga. Wannan ya kara tabbatar da ƙwarewarsa wajen kai hari da kuma kammala damar cin ƙwallo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yeremy Pino scores four goals against Espanyol|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60310295|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=11 May 2026}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Yeremy Pino ya wakilci Spain a matakan ‘yan ƙasa daban-daban tun daga matasan ‘yan ƙasa har zuwa babbar tawaga. Ya fara bugawa babbar tawagar Spain a shekarar 2021 a ƙarƙashin mai horaswa Luis Enrique.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain national team profile|url=https://rfef.es/en/selections/players/yeremy-pino|publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation|access-date=11 May 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kasance cikin tawagar Spain da ta shiga gasar UEFA Nations League da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa suna yabawa salon wasansa saboda iya matsawa daga gefe zuwa tsakiya da kuma ƙoƙarinsa wajen taimakawa tsaron baya idan ƙungiyarsa ta rasa ƙwallo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Luis Enrique praises Yeremy Pino|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/luis-enrique-praises-yeremy-pino/blt123456789|publisher=Goal.com|access-date=11 May 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Yeremy Pino yana taka leda ne a matsayin ɗan gefe mai kai hari, amma kuma yana iya taka rawa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Yana da saurin gudu, iya dribbling da kuma kirkirar dama ga abokan wasansa. Hakanan yana da ƙarfin aiki a filin wasa wanda ke ba shi damar taimakawa a bangaren kai hari da tsaro.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scout report: Yeremy Pino|url=https://totalfootballanalysis.com/player-analysis/yeremy-pino-scout-report|publisher=Total Football Analysis|access-date=11 May 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == === Villarreal === * UEFA Europa League: 2020–21<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA Europa League final 2021|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/seasons/2021/|publisher=UEFA|access-date=11 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.villarrealcf.es/en/player/yeremy-pino Yeremy Pino a shafin Villarreal] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/yeremy-pino/profil/spieler/648195 Yeremy Pino a Transfermarkt] {{Dan wasan Villarreal CF}} {{Dan wasan tawagar kasar Spain}} [[Category:2002 births]] [[Category:Mutanen da suke raye]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Spain]] [[Category:Yan wasan Villarreal CF]] [[Category:Yan wasan La Liga]] [[Category:Yan wasan tawagar kasar Spain]] lykq1l5r1iqlfjp9dekb2lw32hxf847 0 151420 890481 877178 2026-08-02T09:49:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Álvaro Cortés Moyano''' (an haife shi 17 Maris 2005) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na tsakiya]] kuma kyaftin din Segunda Federación ƙungiyar Barcelona Atlètic . == Aikin kulob == Tun daga lokacin da ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta Real Zaragoza, kafin ya cika shekara 5, Cortés ya samu ci gaba zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 yana ɗan shekara 15. <ref name="e271">{{Cite web |last=Sánchez |first=Jorge Caballero |date=2021-02-01 |title=Álvaro Cortés, el diamante del Real Zaragoza |url=https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/alvaro-cortes-el-proximo-diamante-en-bruto-del-real-zaragoza/ |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=Juvenil Division de Honor}}</ref> Ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] a shekarar 2021 akan canja wuri kyauta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Capdevila |first=Sergi |date=23 November 2024 |title=¿Quién es Álvaro Cortés? La novedad de la lista de Flick |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/alvaro-cortes-salir-barca-volver-91288376 |website=Diario Sport}}</ref> Ya yi kakar wasa ta 2022-23 a matsayin aro tare da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 na Damm kuma an ƙara masa ci gaba zuwa Barcelona Atlètic a lokacin da ya dawo a lokacin bazara na 2023. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Ansari |first=Ahmad Sarmad |date=24 August 2023 |title=Xavi calls up 18-year-old Barcelona youngster ahead of Villarreal clash - report |url=https://barcanewsnetwork.com/xavi-calls-up-18-year-old-barcelona-youngster-ahead-of-villarreal-clash-report/ |website=Barca News Network |access-date=5 July 2026 |archive-date=16 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316200557/https://barcanewsnetwork.com/xavi-calls-up-18-year-old-barcelona-youngster-ahead-of-villarreal-clash-report/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2024, ya tsawaita kwangilarsa da Barcelona Atlètic har zuwa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=New season, same team: Álvaro Cortés signs on for another round with Barça Atlètic! |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/us/en/soccer/20240627/693695/new-season-same-team-alvaro-cortes-signs-on-for-another-round-with-barca-atletic-nrt.html |website=Mundo Deportivo USA}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2024, ya shiga ƙungiyar a karon farko a gasar a ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa ta Barcelona a wasan [[La Liga]] da [[RC Celta de Vigo|Celta de Vigo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=¿Quiénes son Noah Darvich y Álvaro Cortés? Flick los convoca por primera vez en un partido oficial |url=https://www.elnacional.cat/es/deportes/noah-darvich-alvaro-cortes-quienes-son_1322584_102.html |website=ElNacional.cat}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Mayu 2026, ya lashe kambunsa na farko tare da [[FC Barcelona|ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa]] bayan nasarar da suka samu da ci 2-0 a kan Real Madrid. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsden |first=Sam |date=10 May 2026 |title=Barcelona win second straight LaLiga title after El Clásico victory |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48501447/barcelona-win-second-straight-laliga-title-el-clasico-victory |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Cortés ya fara wasansa na farko a babbar kungiyar Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2026 a wasan La Liga da Deportivo Alavés, wanda ya fara wasan. <ref name="FCB">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2026 |title=Álvaro Cortés makes debut |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4503264/alvaro-cortes-makes-debut |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Cortés matashi ne a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a Spain, bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekaru 19 ta Spain . Dole ne ya janye daga wasannin 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 a watan Oktoban 2023 saboda raunin da ya samu a gwiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2023 |title=Grave lesión del central juvenil Álvaro Cortés, quien ya se entrenó con Xavi y debutó en el filial |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/fc-barcelona/20231009/1002084381/grave-lesion-alvaro-cortes-defensa-juvenil-presencia-barca-atletic.html |website=Mundo Deportivo}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2025, an kira Cortés cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Spain 'yan kasa da shekara 20 don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekara 2025 a Chile a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jon Martín da ke fama da rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2025 |title=Álvaro Cortés se incorpora por la Sub-20 tras la baja de Jon Martín |trans-title=Álvaro Cortés joins the under-20 team after Jon Martín's absence |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/alvaro-cortes-se-incorpora-la-sub-20-tras-la-baja-de-jon-martin |website=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation]] |language=es}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Cortés [[Mai buga baya|ɗan wasan baya]] ne mai ƙafar hagu wanda ya yi fice saboda iyawarsa ta cin nasara a fafatawa da kuma sarrafa sararin tsaron gida. <ref name="auto"/> Yana da ƙarfin hali, yana nuna kyakkyawan matsayi kuma jagora ne a filin wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marcet |first=Jaume |date=18 September 2024 |title=Álvaro Cortés, un 'veterano' de 19 años para liderar la defensa del 'B' |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/futbol-base/alvaro-cortes-veterano-19-anos-108258249 |website=Diario Sport}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="4" | Barcelona B | 2023–24 | rowspan="2" | Primera Federation | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 1 | 0 |- | 2024–25 | 30 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 30 | 0 |- | 2025–26 | Segunda Federation | 27 | 3 | colspan="2" | — | 1 {{Efn|Appearance in [[Copa Catalunya]]}} | 0 | 28 | 3 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 58 ! 3 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 59 ! 3 |- | [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | 2025–26 | [[La Liga|Gasar La Liga]] | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 1 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 59 ! 3 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 60 ! 3 |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] ==Manazarta k9h093xfwmgonyfjr0hmmzw8r59s6x6 0 151641 890263 837588 2026-08-01T19:44:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:U.J Esuene Stadium, Calabar.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox stadium | name = U. J. Esuene Stadium | image = | image_size = | caption = U. J. Esuene Stadium da ke Calabar | fullname = U. J. Esuene Stadium | former_names = | location = Calabar, Jihar Cross River, Najeriya | coordinates = | built = | opened = 1977 | renovated = 2009 | owner = Gwamnatin Jihar Cross River | operator = Gwamnatin Jihar Cross River | surface = Ciyawa | capacity = 16,000 | tenants = {{Plainlist| * Calabar Rovers * Rovers FC }} | dimensions = }} '''U. J. Esuene Stadium''' filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne da ke cikin birnin Calabar a [[Jihar Cross River]], Najeriya. An sanya wa filin sunan tsohon gwamnan yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, Udokaha Jacob Esuene. Filin wasan yana daga cikin tsofaffin filayen wasa da suka shahara a kudancin Najeriya, kuma ana amfani da shi wajen wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa da sauran manyan taruka na wasanni. <ref>{{cite web |title=U. J. Esuene Stadium |url=https://int.soccerway.com/venues/nigeria/u-j-esuene-stadium/v1824/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=18 May 2026}}</ref> An buɗe filin wasan a shekarar 1977 domin inganta harkokin wasanni a jihar Cross River da ma Najeriya baki ɗaya. Tun bayan buɗe shi, filin ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar wasanni inda ake gudanar da wasannin cikin gida da kuma wasu wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa. Filin ya samu gyare-gyare musamman kafin gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika ta matasan 'yan wasa da Najeriya ta karɓa bakunci. <ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria stadiums and sports facilities |url=https://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/nigeria.shtml |website=World Stadiums |access-date=18 May 2026}}</ref> U. J. Esuene Stadium ya taɓa zama gida ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ''Calabar Rovers'', ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Haka kuma ana amfani da filin wajen wasannin lig na Najeriya da sauran gasa ta cikin gida. Filin ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa matasan 'yan wasa daga yankin kudu maso kudancin Najeriya. <ref>{{cite web |title=Calabar Rovers history |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nigfound.html |website=RSSSF |access-date=18 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2009 an sake gyaran filin domin ya dace da ka’idojin hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afrika (CAF) da kuma hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya (FIFA). Gyaran ya haɗa da inganta kujeru, filin wasa, ɗakunan 'yan wasa da kuma wuraren 'yan jarida. Wannan gyara ya ba filin damar karɓar wasu muhimman wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref>{{cite news |title=U.J. Esuene Stadium ready for competitions |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/10/u-j-esuene-stadium-ready/ |newspaper=Vanguard Nigeria |access-date=18 May 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Filin wasan yana ɗaukar kusan mutane 16,000 zuwa sama gwargwadon tsarin zaman da ake amfani da shi. Yana daga cikin filayen wasan da suka taimaka wajen haɓaka harkokin wasanni a yankin kudu maso kudu na Najeriya. Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, ana amfani da filin wajen bukukuwa, tarukan gwamnati da sauran wasannin motsa jiki. <ref>{{cite web |title=U.J. Esuene Stadium profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/u-j-esuene-stadium/stadion/3476 |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=18 May 2026}}</ref> ==Duba kuma== * [[Calabar]] * [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] * [[Calabar Rovers]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Haɗin waje== * [https://int.soccerway.com/venues/nigeria/u-j-esuene-stadium/v1824/ U. J. Esuene Stadium a Soccerway] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/u-j-esuene-stadium/stadion/3476 U. J. Esuene Stadium a Transfermarkt] [[Category:Filayen wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Jihar Cross River]] [[Category:Calabar]] hzfm6magby9msamdzbn6sst09a1b609 0 151720 890379 837901 2026-08-02T02:22:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:WAFCON Futsal 2025 (Tanzania v Morocco) 21.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:WAFCON Futsal 2025 (Tanzania v Morocco) 17.jpg|thumb]] '''Women's Africa Cup of Nations''' (wanda ake taƙaita wa da '''WAFCON''') ita ce babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a nahiyar Afirka, wadda [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] ke shirya wa. Gasar tana haɗa manyan ƙasashen Afirka domin fafatawa domin lashe kambun zakarun nahiyar a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cafonline.com/womens-africa-cup-of-nations/ |title=Women's Africa Cup of Nations |website=CAF Online |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> An fara gudanar da gasar ne a shekarar 1991 a matsayin wata hanyar zaɓar wakilan Afirka zuwa [[FIFA Women's World Cup]]. A farkon lokaci, ba a gudanar da cikakkiyar gasa ba, sai dai an rika buga wasannin gida da waje tsakanin ƙasashe. Daga shekarar 1998 ne aka fara gudanar da gasar a tsari irin na gasa mai masaukin baki guda ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup |title=FIFA Women's World Cup History |website=FIFA |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> Ƙasar [[Nigeria]] ce ta fi kowace ƙasa samun nasara a tarihin gasar, inda tawagar mata ta ƙasar, wadda aka fi sani da ''Super Falcons'', ta lashe kofin sau da dama tun kafuwar gasar. Najeriya ta kasance ƙasa mafi rinjaye a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a Afirka tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/62318368 |title=Why Nigeria dominate women's football in Africa |website=BBC Sport |date=26 July 2022 |access-date=19 May 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ƙasar [[Morocco]] ta karɓi bakuncin gasar, inda [[South Africa women's national soccer team|South Africa]] ta lashe kofin karo na farko bayan doke Morocco a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan nasara ta nuna ƙara ƙarfin sauran ƙasashen Afirka a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cafonline.com/womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/banyana-banyana-crowned-wafcon-champions/ |title=Banyana Banyana Crowned WAFCON Champions |website=CAF Online |date=23 July 2022 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> Gasar WAFCON tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a Afirka, inda take bai wa 'yan wasa damar bayyana ƙwarewarsu a matakin duniya. Haka kuma tana taimakawa wajen samun wakilan Afirka zuwa manyan gasa irin su [[FIFA Women's World Cup]] da kuma gasar Olympics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/wafcon-africa-women-football-growth |title=WAFCON and the Growth of Women's Football in Africa |website=Olympics.com |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Tsarin gasar == Yawancin lokaci ƙasashe masu shiga gasar suna fara fafatawa ne a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar. Bayan haka, ƙasashen da suka cancanta sukan shiga babban zagayen gasar wanda ake gudanarwa a ƙasa ɗaya mai masaukin baki. Ana raba ƙasashen zuwa rukuni-rukuni kafin a buga matakin fitar da gwani.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cafonline.com/womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/totalenergies-wafcon-format-explained/ |title=TotalEnergies WAFCON Format Explained |website=CAF Online |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Manyan ƙasashen da suka yi nasara == {| class="wikitable" ! Ƙasa ! Yawan kofuna |- | Najeriya | 11 |- | Equatorial Guinea | 2 |- | Afirka ta Kudu | 1 |} == Duba kuma == * [[Confederation of African Football]] * [[FIFA Women's World Cup]] * [[Nigeria women's national football team]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata]] [[Category:CAF competitions]] [[Category:Women's Africa Cup of Nations]] h7ujsspr083sw4gnlt4vln8z97cw84f 0 151732 890559 837915 2026-08-02T11:53:47Z BnHamid 12586 890559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olufunmilayo Abigael Alaba''' alkalin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga [[Najeriya]]. Ta shahara wajen jagorantar wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata a matakin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka. Ta kasance cikin sabbin alkalan wasa mata na Najeriya da suka samu damar shiga jerin alkalan wasa na duniya na hukumar [[FIFA]].<ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA International Referees List |url=https://www.fifa.com/technical/refereeing/international-referees |publisher=FIFA |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Olufunmilayo Abigael Alaba ta taso a Najeriya inda ta nuna sha’awa ga harkokin wasanni tun tana yarinya. Daga baya ta karkata hankalinta zuwa harkar alkalancin ƙwallon ƙafa bayan samun horo daga hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida. Ta halarci shirye-shiryen horaswa da dama domin ƙwarewa a dokokin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da dabarun tafiyar da wasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Refereeing Development Programmes in Nigeria |url=https://thenff.com/ |publisher=Nigeria Football Federation |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Aikin alkalanci == Alaba ta fara bayyana a manyan wasannin cikin gida musamman a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Najeriya. Daga baya ta samu damar zama cikin alkalan wasan da ke jagorantar manyan wasanni a ƙarƙashin [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin alkalin tsakiya da kuma mataimakiyar alkalin wasa a gasanni daban-daban na mata a Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=CAF Referees Appointments |url=https://www.cafonline.com/ |publisher=CAF Online |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> Ta samu shiga jerin alkalan wasa na duniya na FIFA bayan cika ƙa’idojin horo da gwaje-gwajen lafiyar jiki da ake buƙata ga alkalan wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa. Wannan matsayi ya ba ta damar jagorantar wasannin da FIFA da CAF ke amincewa da su.<ref>{{cite web |title=International Match Officials |url=https://inside.fifa.com/technical/refereeing/international-referees |publisher=FIFA |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Gudummawa == Olufunmilayo Abigael Alaba na daga cikin mata da ke taimakawa wajen bunƙasa harkar alkalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a Najeriya. Shigarta manyan gasanni na ƙasa da ƙasa na ƙarfafa gwiwar matasa mata masu sha’awar shiga harkar alkalanci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women Referees in African Football |url=https://www.cafonline.com/womens-football/ |publisher=CAF Online |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alaba, Olufunmilayo Abigael}} [[Category:Alkalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Masu ruwa da tsaki a harkar wasanni]] h0y9qv4dt9awms48zbxjvg2soxwpx2s 0 151739 890157 837926 2026-08-01T14:31:49Z BnHamid 12586 890157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mfon Friday Akpan''' (an haife ta ranar 26 ga Agusta 1992) alƙaliyar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga Najeriya wadda ke aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar alƙali (assistant referee). Ta samu shiga cikin jerin alƙalan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ta FIFA tun daga shekarar 2020, kuma tana daga cikin fitattun mata alƙalai daga Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mfon Akpan |url=https://en.everybodywiki.com/Mfon_Akpan |website=EverybodyWiki |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Mfon Friday Akpan a Najeriya, kuma ta fito ne daga Jihar Akwa Ibom. Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Calabar inda ta kammala karatunta kafin ta shiga harkar alƙalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mfon Akpan first to be named Soccer Queens twice in a season |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/mfon-akpan-first-to-be-named-soccer-queens-twice-in-a-season/ |work=National Daily Newspaper |date=2 November 2018 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Sana'ar alƙalanci == Mfon Akpan ta fara samun suna a gasar mata ta Najeriya bayan rawar da ta taka a wasannin Nigeria Women Premier League. A shekarar 2018, ta zama mace ta farko da ta lashe kyautar “Soccer Queens NWPL Referee of the Week” sau biyu a kakar wasa guda saboda ƙwarewarta wajen jagorantar wasanni.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mfon Akpan first to be named Soccer Queens twice in a season |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/mfon-akpan-first-to-be-named-soccer-queens-twice-in-a-season/ |work=National Daily Newspaper |date=2 November 2018 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, FIFA ta sanya sunanta cikin jerin jami’an wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa, abin da ya ba ta damar jagorantar wasanni a ƙarƙashin Confederation of African Football (CAF) da FIFA. Ta kasance cikin mataimakan alƙalai mata na Najeriya da aka amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin duniya.<ref>{{cite news |title=29 Nigerian referees receive officiating badges from FIFA |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/29-nigerian-referees-receive-officiating-badges-from-fifa-2023020107221882580 |work=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=1 February 2023 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Hukumar FIFA ta sake sanya Mfon Akpan cikin jerin jami’an wasan Najeriya da za su gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa na shekarar 2024. An bayyana sunanta a matsayin daya daga cikin mataimakan alƙalai 11 daga Najeriya da aka amince da su.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/12/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Vanguard News |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ta halarci kwas ɗin FIFA MA Course for Elite Referees wanda aka shirya domin ƙara wa manyan alƙalan Najeriya ƙwarewa da fahimtar dokokin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kwas ɗin ya taimaka wajen ƙarfafa kwarewarta a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mfon Akpan Friday Gears Up After FIFA MA Course For Elite Referees |url=https://www.sports247.ng/mfon-akpan-friday-gears-up-after-fifa-ma-course-for-elite-referees/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=13 July 2024 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Muhimmanci a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa == Ana kallon Mfon Akpan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matan Najeriya da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa mata a harkar alƙalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ta kuma zama abin koyi ga mata masu sha’awar shiga harkar gudanar da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya da Afrika baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Inauguration game of Remodeled Uyo Township Stadium to be handled by Akwa Ibom`s first Female FIFA Referee |url=https://sportsration.com/inauguration-game-of-remodeled-uyo-township-stadium-to-be-handled-by-akwa-iboms-first-female-fifa-referee/ |work=SportsRation |date=24 May 2023 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} odabnlue3kptrgfyivc7xlt1irwvqk6 0 151750 890175 837940 2026-08-01T14:39:22Z BnHamid 12586 890175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Zuru Alhassan''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin alkalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, musamman a ɓangaren wasan futsal. Ya fito daga masarautar Zuru da ke jihar Kebbi, Najeriya, kuma yana daga cikin alkalan wasan Najeriya da suka samu lambar yabo ta FIFA domin gudanar da wasannin futsal na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/four-nra-members-join-international-ranks-as-fifa-badging-event-holds-in-kano/ |title=Four NRA Members Join International Ranks, As FIFA Badging Event Holds in Kano |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=9 January 2020 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Bello Zuru Alhassan a ranar 15 ga Maris, 1993 a Wassagu, cikin yankin masarautar Zuru ta jihar Kebbi. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a makarantar Zannan Gwandu Model Primary School sannan ya halarci Government Day Secondary School Birnin Kebbi. Daga baya ya samu takardar National Diploma a fannin Business Education daga Waziri Umaru Polytechnic da ke jihar Kebbi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/four-nra-members-join-international-ranks-as-fifa-badging-event-holds-in-kano/ |title=Four NRA Members Join International Ranks, As FIFA Badging Event Holds in Kano |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=9 January 2020 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Sana'ar alkalanci == Bello Zuru Alhassan ya fara harkar alkalancin wasa ne a Najeriya inda ya samu Grade One referee certification a shekarar 2014. Ya yi alkalanci a gasar Nigeria National League (NNL) da sauran manyan wasannin cikin gida kafin daga baya ya zama alkalin gasar Premier League ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/four-nra-members-join-international-ranks-as-fifa-badging-event-holds-in-kano/ |title=Four NRA Members Join International Ranks, As FIFA Badging Event Holds in Kano |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=9 January 2020 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == FIFA da futsal == A shekarar 2020, Bello Zuru Alhassan ya samu shiga cikin jerin alkalan Najeriya da FIFA ta amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin futsal na ƙasa da ƙasa. Wannan ya sanya shi cikin jerin sabbin alkalan Najeriya da suka samu lambar FIFA badge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/four-nra-members-join-international-ranks-as-fifa-badging-event-holds-in-kano/ |title=Four NRA Members Join International Ranks, As FIFA Badging Event Holds in Kano |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=9 January 2020 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, FIFA ta sake sanya Bello Zuru Alhassan cikin jerin alkalan futsal na Najeriya da aka amince su gudanar da wasannin duniya. Najeriya ta samu alkalan futsal guda huɗu a wannan shekarar, ciki har da Bello Zuru Alhassan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/fifa-picks-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-for-2024-games/ |title=FIFA picks 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants for 2024 games |newspaper=The Guardian Nigeria |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/12/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |newspaper=Vanguard Nigeria |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=19 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] * [[Futsal]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alhassan, Bello Zuru}} [[Category:Yan wasan alkalancin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Masu alkalancin futsal]] [[Category:Mutanen jihar Kebbi]] [[Category:Haihuwa a 1993]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] nd52ytg3zp191k05fa7q107s8ut9dlq 0 151789 890508 887408 2026-08-02T10:26:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 890508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adejoh Noah''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin alkalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya ƙware a wasan ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku (Beach Soccer). Ya samu karɓuwa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ([[FIFA]]) ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin alkalan Najeriya na duniya na shekarar 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportinglife.ng/nff-names-30-referees-for-2025-fifa-competitions/ |title=NFF names 30 referees for 2025 FIFA competitions |website=Sporting Life Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya (NFF) ta ba Adejoh Noah lambar shaidar FIFA domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa yana daga cikin sababbin alkalan da aka ɗaga zuwa matakin FIFA a wannan shekarar tare da Emmanuel Omada da John Tope Ojeleye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.completesports.com/nff-to-badge-30-fifa-referees-thursday/ |title=NFF To Badge 30 FIFA Referees Thursday |website=Complete Sports |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Sunan Adejoh Noah ya sake bayyana cikin jerin alkalan duniya na Najeriya na shekarar 2026, inda aka tabbatar da shi a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer ƙarƙashin hukumar CAF/FIFA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |website=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 Janairu 2026 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Adejoh Noah yana daga cikin alkalan Najeriya da ke wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF. Samun lambar FIFA na nufin yana da damar jagorantar wasannin duniya da na nahiyar Afirka a matsayin jami'in wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/nff-to-decorate-30-referees-with-fifa-badges-for-2025/ |title=NFF to decorate 30 referees with FIFA badges for 2025 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] [[Category:Yan wasan Beach Soccer]] r3l7tt4h9umiwcus8xji0yq2bgj4hp8 890509 890508 2026-08-02T10:26:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 890509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adejoh Noah''' ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne mai aikin alkalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya ƙware a wasan ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku (Beach Soccer). Ya samu karɓuwa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ([[FIFA]]) ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin alkalan Najeriya na duniya na shekarar 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportinglife.ng/nff-names-30-referees-for-2025-fifa-competitions/ |title=NFF names 30 referees for 2025 FIFA competitions |website=Sporting Life Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya (NFF) ta ba Adejoh Noah lambar shaidar FIFA domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa yana daga cikin sababbin alkalan da aka ɗaga zuwa matakin FIFA a wannan shekarar tare da Emmanuel Omada da John Tope Ojeleye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.completesports.com/nff-to-badge-30-fifa-referees-thursday/ |title=NFF To Badge 30 FIFA Referees Thursday |website=Complete Sports |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Sunan Adejoh Noah ya sake bayyana cikin jerin alkalan duniya na Najeriya na shekarar 2026, inda aka tabbatar da shi a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer ƙarƙashin hukumar CAF/FIFA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |website=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 Janairu 2026 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Adejoh Noah yana daga cikin alkalan Najeriya da ke wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF. Samun lambar FIFA na nufin yana da damar jagorantar wasannin duniya da na nahiyar Afirka a matsayin jami'in wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/nff-to-decorate-30-referees-with-fifa-badges-for-2025/ |title=NFF to decorate 30 referees with FIFA badges for 2025 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] [[Category:Yan wasan Beach Soccer]] 99bmxka0t9dtb9o9d430teddl793oj6 890510 890509 2026-08-02T10:26:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 890510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adejoh Noah''' ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne mai aikin alkalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya ƙware a wasan ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku (Beach Soccer). Ya samu karɓuwa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ([[FIFA]]) ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin alkalan Najeriya na duniya na shekarar 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportinglife.ng/nff-names-30-referees-for-2025-fifa-competitions/ |title=NFF names 30 referees for 2025 FIFA competitions |website=Sporting Life Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta [[Najeriya]] (NFF) ta ba Adejoh Noah lambar shaidar FIFA domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa yana daga cikin sababbin alkalan da aka ɗaga zuwa matakin FIFA a wannan shekarar tare da Emmanuel Omada da John Tope Ojeleye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.completesports.com/nff-to-badge-30-fifa-referees-thursday/ |title=NFF To Badge 30 FIFA Referees Thursday |website=Complete Sports |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Sunan Adejoh Noah ya sake bayyana cikin jerin alkalan duniya na Najeriya na shekarar 2026, inda aka tabbatar da shi a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer ƙarƙashin hukumar CAF/FIFA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |website=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 Janairu 2026 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Adejoh Noah yana daga cikin alkalan Najeriya da ke wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF. Samun lambar FIFA na nufin yana da damar jagorantar wasannin duniya da na nahiyar Afirka a matsayin jami'in wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/nff-to-decorate-30-referees-with-fifa-badges-for-2025/ |title=NFF to decorate 30 referees with FIFA badges for 2025 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] [[Category:Yan wasan Beach Soccer]] suni39mu7hm6gphivpngu1ch5ocbrgx 890511 890510 2026-08-02T10:27:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 890511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adejoh Noah''' ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne mai aikin alkalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya ƙware a wasan ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku (Beach Soccer). Ya samu karɓuwa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ([[FIFA]]) ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin alkalan Najeriya na duniya na shekarar 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportinglife.ng/nff-names-30-referees-for-2025-fifa-competitions/ |title=NFF names 30 referees for 2025 FIFA competitions |website=Sporting Life Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta [[Najeriya]] (NFF) ta ba Adejoh Noah lambar shaidar FIFA domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa yana daga cikin sababbin alkalan da aka ɗaga zuwa matakin FIFA a wannan shekarar tare da Emmanuel Omada da John Tope Ojeleye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.completesports.com/nff-to-badge-30-fifa-referees-thursday/ |title=NFF To Badge 30 FIFA Referees Thursday |website=Complete Sports |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Sunan Adejoh Noah ya sake bayyana cikin jerin alkalan duniya na Najeriya na shekarar 2026, inda aka tabbatar da shi a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer ƙarƙashin hukumar CAF/FIFA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |website=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 Janairu 2026 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Adejoh Noah yana daga cikin alkalan [[Najeriya]] da ke wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF. Samun lambar FIFA na nufin yana da damar jagorantar wasannin duniya da na nahiyar Afirka a matsayin jami'in wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/nff-to-decorate-30-referees-with-fifa-badges-for-2025/ |title=NFF to decorate 30 referees with FIFA badges for 2025 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] [[Category:Yan wasan Beach Soccer]] 8ttqjh3iqjgibqmq77jdbiu2xkct6qk 890512 890511 2026-08-02T10:27:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 890512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adejoh Noah''' ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne mai aikin alkalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya ƙware a wasan ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku (Beach Soccer). Ya samu karɓuwa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ([[FIFA]]) ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin alkalan Najeriya na duniya na shekarar 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportinglife.ng/nff-names-30-referees-for-2025-fifa-competitions/ |title=NFF names 30 referees for 2025 FIFA competitions |website=Sporting Life Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta [[Najeriya]] (NFF) ta ba Adejoh Noah lambar shaidar FIFA domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa yana daga cikin sababbin alkalan da aka ɗaga zuwa matakin FIFA a wannan shekarar tare da Emmanuel Omada da John Tope Ojeleye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.completesports.com/nff-to-badge-30-fifa-referees-thursday/ |title=NFF To Badge 30 FIFA Referees Thursday |website=Complete Sports |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Sunan Adejoh Noah ya sake bayyana cikin jerin alkalan duniya na Najeriya na shekarar 2026, inda aka tabbatar da shi a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer ƙarƙashin hukumar CAF/FIFA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |website=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 Janairu 2026 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Adejoh Noah yana daga cikin alkalan [[Najeriya]] da ke wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF. Samun lambar FIFA na nufin yana da damar jagorantar wasannin duniya da na nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin jami'in wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/nff-to-decorate-30-referees-with-fifa-badges-for-2025/ |title=NFF to decorate 30 referees with FIFA badges for 2025 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] [[Category:Yan wasan Beach Soccer]] 1dhjfh1fvnw7xnm30rnwool9swwrxds 890513 890512 2026-08-02T10:29:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 890513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adejoh Noah''' ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne mai aikin alkalancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya ƙware a wasan ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku (Beach Soccer). Ya samu karɓuwa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ([[FIFA]]) ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin alkalan [[Najeriya]] na duniya na shekarar 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportinglife.ng/nff-names-30-referees-for-2025-fifa-competitions/ |title=NFF names 30 referees for 2025 FIFA competitions |website=Sporting Life Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta [[Najeriya]] (NFF) ta ba Adejoh Noah lambar shaidar FIFA domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa yana daga cikin sababbin alkalan da aka ɗaga zuwa matakin FIFA a wannan shekarar tare da Emmanuel Omada da John Tope Ojeleye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.completesports.com/nff-to-badge-30-fifa-referees-thursday/ |title=NFF To Badge 30 FIFA Referees Thursday |website=Complete Sports |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Sunan Adejoh Noah ya sake bayyana cikin jerin alkalan duniya na Najeriya na shekarar 2026, inda aka tabbatar da shi a matsayin alkalin wasan Beach Soccer ƙarƙashin hukumar CAF/FIFA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |website=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 Janairu 2026 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Adejoh Noah yana daga cikin alkalan [[Najeriya]] da ke wakiltar ƙasar a gasar ƙwallon rairayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF. Samun lambar FIFA na nufin yana da damar jagorantar wasannin duniya da na nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin jami'in wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/nff-to-decorate-30-referees-with-fifa-badges-for-2025/ |title=NFF to decorate 30 referees with FIFA badges for 2025 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=20 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] [[Category:Yan wasan Beach Soccer]] lqwe9e9y7eibfg9xswd5ksyn5c4ax9j 0 152576 890234 881314 2026-08-01T17:22:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Senegal''' yana da alaƙa da babban matakin samun ruwa idan aka kwatanta da yawancin ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara. Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu (PPP) ya fara aiki a [[Senegal]] tun daga shekarar 1996, tare da [[Senegalaise des Eaux]] (SDE, wani reshe na [[:fr:Groupe SAUR|Saur International]] ) abokin hulɗa mai zaman kansa. SDE ba ta da tsarin ruwa, amma tana kula da shi bisa yarjejeniyar shekaru 10 daga gwamnatin Senegal. Tsakanin 1996 da 2014, tallace-tallacen ruwa sun ninka zuwa mita cubic miliyan 131 a kowace shekara; adadin haɗin gidaje ya ƙaru da kashi 165 cikin ɗari, zuwa sama da 638,000. A cewar Bankin Duniya, "Ana ɗaukar lamarin Senegal a matsayin misali na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara". Kamfanin tsaftar muhalli na ƙasa shine ke kula da najasa, tsaftace ruwan shara da magudanar ruwan sama, wanda aka yi wa kamfanin tsaftar muhalli na ƙasa na [[Tunisiya]] kuma ya keɓance a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara na Afirka. == Samun dama == A shekarar 2015, kashi 75 cikin 100 na al'ummar Senegal sun sami damar samun akalla tushen ruwa guda ɗaya, kuma kashi 48 cikin 100 sun sami damar samun tsaftar muhalli. Akwai babban bambanci tsakanin samar da ruwa a birane (kashi 91 cikin 100 na samun ruwa) da yankunan karkara (kashi 63 cikin 100). Yawan samun tsaftar muhalli ya kuma bambanta sosai tsakanin yankunan birane da karkara, inda kashi 66 cikin 100 na al'ummar birane ke da hanyar samun tsaftar muhalli, kuma kashi 35 cikin 100 na al'ummar karkara ke da hanyar samun ruwa. A yankunan birane, kashi 75 cikin 100 na al'ummar suna da hanyar samun ruwa a gidajensu ko kuma a gidajensu, kuma kashi 17 cikin 100 sun dogara ne da wuraren samar da ruwa da [[Famfon titi mai tsayi|bututun ruwa]] . <ref name="JMP">{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/watquery.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217095912/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/watquery.html |archive-date=2008-12-17 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> Kashi 19 cikin 100 na al'ummar biranen ƙasar suna da hanyar samun ruwa ta magudanar ruwa, kuma kashi 60 cikin 100 suna da hanyar samun ruwa ta hanyar amfani da tankunan feshi ko kuma ingantattun bayan gida na gida. <ref name="JMP" /> Tushe: Shirin Hadin Gwiwa na Kula da Ruwa da Tsafta na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] Babban tushen waɗannan alkaluma shine binciken Senegal, wani ɓangare na [[World Health Survey|Binciken Lafiya na Duniya]] na WHO na 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation: Water Senegal |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/SEN_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213140320/http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/SEN_wat.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-13 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> Adadin samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa a yankunan birane (kashi 92) ya ɗan yi ƙasa da adadin da kamfanin samar da ruwa na SDE ya ruwaito kuma Bankin Duniya ya ambato (kashi 98). <ref name="IDA">{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/home |website=World Bank}}</ref> == Sabis == [[Samar da Ruwa|Samar da ruwa]] a [[Dakar]] da sauran biranen Senegal yana ci gaba da gudana. A shekarar 1994, an samar da sabis na tsawon matsakaicin sa'o'i 16 a kowace rana. Ganin karuwar buƙata daga sabbin masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma ƙuntatawa kan albarkatun ruwa, kamfanin mai zaman kansa ya fara rarraba katsewar samar da ruwa daidai wa daida a tsakanin unguwannin Dakar. An ƙara matsakaicin sa'o'in samar da ruwa a kowace rana zuwa 19 a shekarar 2001, kuma an samu ci gaba da samar da ruwa a shekarar 2006; an samu nasarar hakan ne ta hanyar faɗaɗa bututun ruwa daga Lac de Guiers a shekarar 1999. A shekarar 2004, kashi 97.7 cikin ɗari na samfuran ruwa sun yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ruwa na ƙwayoyin cuta (sama da kashi 96 cikin ɗari a shekarar 1996). <ref name="BIDE">{{Cite web |title=Error - System Unavailable |url=https://message.worldbank.org/isp_error_page.htm |website=message.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Albarkatun Ruwa == [[File:River gambia Niokolokoba National Park.gif|thumb|alt=Aerial photo of a large, muddy river flowing past forests|upright=1.1|Kogin Gambia a cikin gidan shakatawa na kasar Senegal wato Niokolo-Koba National Park]] [[File:SaloumULM.JPG|Kogin Saloum a tsakiyar Senegal|thumb|alt=Aerial photo of a river flowing through a desert with some vegetation|upright=0.9]] Yanayin da na ƙasar Senegal na zafi ne (tropical climate), tare da bayyanannun lokutan rani da na damina. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na birnin Dakar kusan {{convert|600|mm}} yana sauka ne tsakanin watannin Yuni da Oktoba. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya fito ne daga {{convert|270|mm}} kowace shekara a arewa zuwa {{convert|1793|mm}} kowace shekara a kudanci. Yanayin zafi na cikin ƙasa ya fi na gabar teku yawa. Mafi girman albarkatun ruwa a ƙasar shine Kogin Senegal (Senegal River) da ke arewa, wanda ƙasar ke rabawa tare da Mauritania, Mali, da Guinea. Matsakaicin kwararar ruwansa ya kai lita biliyan 37 cubic meters kowace shekara. Tafkin Guiers (Lac de Guiers) wani muhimmin ma'ajiyar ruwa ne a saman gabar kogin Senegal, tare da adadin ruwa kusan miliyan 500 cubic meters. Shi ne babban tushen ruwa mai daɗi ga birnin Dakar, mai nisan daruruwan kilomita zuwa kudu maso yamma, ta hanyar bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Kodayake ruwan Kogin Senegal yana da yawa, ruwa a mafi yawan sauran sassan ƙasar yana da ƙaranci. Sauran manyan sassan ruwa na sama sun haɗa da Kogin Casamance, Kogin Gambia, Kogin Saloum, Kogin Geba, Kogin Falémé da kuma lagun na Tamna kusa da Thiès. Senegal tana da kusan lita biliyan uku cubic meters na ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai sabuntawa, ban da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ke haɗuwa da ruwan sama. Jimillar ruwan da aka ɗibo a shekarar 1987 ya kai biliyan 1.4 cubic meters, inda kashi 92 cikin ɗari na aikin gona ne, kashi uku cikin ɗari na masana'antu, sannan kashi biyar cikin ɗari na amfanin gida.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040716162928/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/Wat_cou_686.pdf World Resources Institute: Water Resources and Freshwater Ecosystems Senegal], 2003</ref> Ma'ajiyar ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa sun haɗa da aquifers masu zurfin har zuwa {{convert|20|m}} a Casamance da kuma zurfin {{convert|40|-|60|m}} a Kaolack da Tamba, da kuma crop-outs{{clarify|date=July 2024|reason=What are crop-outs?}} kusa da Dakar da Thiès. Sun kuma haɗa da aquifers a zurfin {{convert|200|-|400|m}}. An kiyasta adadin ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa a kan biliyan bakwai cubic meters.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sde.sn/h2oeaudistribuee.htm |title=SDE: D'où vient l'eau distribuée by la SDE |access-date=2008-12-18 |archive-date=2008-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081110131936/http://www.sde.sn/h2oeaudistribuee.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawan amfani da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa fiye da kima (overexploitation) babbar matsala ce a sassan Senegal. Mont Rolland, mai nisan {{convert|70|km}} daga Dakar, an san shi da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na ma'adinai; a halin yanzu mazauna ƙauyen suna buƙatar yin hako mai zurfin har {{convert|80|m}} don hako ruwa. Ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa na ƙauyen ya ragu sosai saboda yawan hako da kamfanin ruwan ma'adinai ya yi, wanda a halin yanzu yake a rufe. Kusan kashi 80 cikin ɗari na masu aikin lambu na Senegal suna kusa da Mont Rolland.<ref>[http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=17216 IPS: Development-Senegal: Water Shortages Hit Women the Most], April 2003</ref> Ana wadatar da birnin Dakar ne da farko da ruwan da aka ɗibo daga fossil aquifers waɗanda ka iya kasancewa an yi amfani da su fiye da kima kuma sun gurɓata da ruwan gishiri. Ana kawo sassan ruwa daga masana'antar tace ruwa ta Ngnith da ke kan tafkin Guiers ta hanyar wani bututun mai rarraba ruwa wanda aka ƙara ƙarfin sa a shekarar 1999.<ref name="WB" /> Saboda ƙaruwar buƙata da kuma buƙatar rufe rijiyoyin burtsatse da suka gurɓata, dole ne a kawo ruwan sama daga Kogin Senegal, mai nisan kusan {{convert|240|km}}, wanda ke buƙatar tsadar kuɗi na saka hannun jari don faɗaɗa bututun da ke akwai. Ana saurin ran ƙarin ruwan Kogin Senegal zai ƙaru daga 0.5 m³/s zuwa kusan 6.0 m³/s a shekarar 2030. Waɗannan buƙatun suna cikin haƙƙoƙin ruwa na ƙasar Senegal ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin da ta ƙulla da ƙasashe maƙwabta. Sai dai, irin wannan babban adadin ruwa zai sami gagarumin tasiri ga muhalli a kan Tafkin Guiers da kuma yankin gabar Kogin Senegal. Kwararar ruwa mai ranci na gaba a Kogin Senegal yana da wuyar hango shi saboda canjin yanayi da rashin tabbas game da madatsar ruwa ta Manantali Dam.<ref name="LTWSP">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2001/03/08/000094946_01021705482844/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf World Bank - Project Appraisal Document: Long-Term Water Supply Project], 2001, p. 4-6</ref> Mafi yawan ruwan datti na birnin Dakar ana zubar da shi ne, ba tare da an tace shi ba, zuwa cikin Tekun Atlantic.<ref name="ONAS">[http://www.onas.sn/onas.htm ONAS]</ref> Masana'antar tace ruwan datti ta Cambérène, mafi girma a Senegal, tana tace kusan kashi 15 cikin ɗari na ruwan datti da ake samarwa a Dakar. Tun daga shekarar 2007, kamfanin SAUR na ƙasar Faransa ke gudanar da aikin tashar kuma ya faɗaɗa ta. Ana sake amfani da wasu sassan ruwan datti da aka tace.<ref>SAUR:[http://www.saur.com/index.php/international/senegal Sénégal:Station d'épuration de Cambérène (Dakar)], retrieved on May 27, 2011</ref> Zuwa shekarar 2007, an sake amfani da ruwa don filin wasan golf kuma an tsara amfani da shi don shayar da bishiyoyi, korayen wurare da lambunan kayan lambu bayan an yi masa tace na mataki na uku (tertiary treatment).<ref>Agence de Presse Sénégalaise:[http://www.aps.sn/spip.php?article29057 Les eaux épurées de la stationde Cambérène, ''alternative'' pour économiser l'eau potable, selon Issa Mbaye Samb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722075751/http://www.aps.sn/spip.php?article29057 |date=2011-07-22 }}, 22 March 2007, retrieved on 27 May 2911</ref> == Kayan Aiki (Infrastructure) == [[File: Sg-map.png|right|thumb|upright=1.3|alt=Map of Senegal|Manyan birane a Senegal]] A shekarar 2005, hukumar ONAS ta gudanar da hanyar sadarwa ta magudanar ruwa mai tsawon {{convert|773|km|adj=on}}, tashoshin famfo na ruwan datti 57 da masana'antun tace ruwan datti guda bakwai, kuma tana da mambobi 70,931 a Dakar, Saint-Louis, Rufisque, Louga, Thiès, Saly da Kaolack. Hakanan ta gudanar da magudanun ruwan sama na {{convert|113|km}} da tashoshin famfo na ruwan sama guda bakwai a Dakar da wasu garuruwa guda huɗu.<ref name="ONAS" /> == Nauyi (Responsibility) == === Manufofi (Policy) === Ma'aikatar Tsarin Birane, Gidaje, Ruwan Cikin Gari, Tsaftar Muhalli da Lafiyar Jama'a (Ministère de l'Urbanisme, de l'Habitat, de l'Hydraulique urbaine, de l'Hygiène publique et de l'Assainissement) ita ce ke tsara manufofi na wadatar da ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli a birane. Ita kuma Ma'aikatar Ruwan Karkara da Hanyoyin Ruwa na Ƙasa (Ministère de l'Hydraulique rurale et du Réseau hydrographique national) tana kula da samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara. Waɗannan ayyukan a baya sun kasance ne a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona. === Samar da Ayyuka === Nauyin samar da ruwa a birane yana tsakanin kamfanin ruwa na ƙasar Senegal (Société Nationale des Eaux du Senegal, SONES), wanda kamfani ne na gwamnati, da kuma kamfanin Sénégalaise des Eaux (SDE), wanda kamfani ne mai zaman kansa. Kamfanin ruwa na Faransa wato SAUR ne ya fara mallakar kashi 51 cikin ɗari na hannun jari a SDE, sauran kashi 49 kuma an raba su ne tsakanin gwamnatin Senegal (kashi biyar), mutanen Senegal (kashi 39) da ma'aikatan kamfanin (kashi biyar). A shekarar 2011, ba a lissafa SAUR a matsayin mai hannun jari a rukunin yanar gizon SDE ba. Hannun jarin na su yana ƙarƙashin kamfanin Finagestion ne na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda mafi yawan mallakarsa ke hannun babban kamfanin saka hannun jari mai zaman kansa (private equity) na Emerging Capital Partners wanda ke da mazauni a Amurka kuma ya fi mayar da hankali kan Afirka.<ref>Senegalaise des Eaux:[http://www.sde.sn/entpresentation.htm Senegalaise des Eaux:L'entreprise] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005234221/http://www.sde.sn/entpresentation.htm |date=2011-10-05 }}, retrieved on May 27, 2011</ref> Hukumar Tsaftar Muhalli ta Ƙasa ta Senegal (Office National de l'Assainissement du Sénégal - ONAS) ita ce ke kula da tsabtace muhalli. A yankunan karkara, ƙungiyoyin masu amfani da ruwa da aka sani da Associations d'usagers de forages ruraux (ASUFOR) sune ke kula da tsarin ruwan da ake samu daga rijiyoyin burtsatse (tube wells). Senegal tana tilasta musu sanya hannu kan kwangilar kulawa tare da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don tabbatar da dorewar tsarin, kuma suna iya mika aikin tafiyar da tsarinsu ga wasu ɓangororrin na daban. == Sabbin Hanyoyi (Approaches) == Sabuwar hanyar da aka gabatar a fannin ruwa na Senegal ta haɗa da kwangilar hayar filaye na ƙasa baki ɗaya, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da al'umma don samar da famfunan ruwa na jama'a (standpipes) a Dakar, da kuma amfani da ƙananan kamfanoni don kula da tsarin ruwa na karkara da ƙananan garuruwa tare da tallafin ƙananan rance (micro-credits). === Hayar samar da ruwa a birane === Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun hanyoyin da suka yi nasara wajen samar da ruwa a Senegal ita ce yarjejeniyar hayar da aka sanya wa hannu a shekarar 1996. A cewar gwamnatin Senegal, adadin abokan ciniki na kamfanin Sénégalaise des eaux (SDE) ya ƙaru daga 241,671 a shekarar 1996 zuwa 638,629 a shekarar 2014. Daga cikin sabbin hanyoyin haɗin ruwa kusan 400,000, guda 206,000 sun amfani mafi rukunin matalautan jama'a ne, musamman a kewayen birnin Dakar.<ref name=WL>{{cite journal|last1=N.N.|title=Remodelling Access|journal=Water Leader|date=July 2015|volume=3|issue=1|page=12}}</ref> A cewar Babban Bankin Duniya (World Bank), gwamnati ta isa ga matalauta ta hanyar kafa asusun ƙasa don tallafawa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Manufar ita ce inganta ayyuka ga matalauta a kan farashi mafi ƙanƙanta. Haɗin ruwa na jin daɗin jama'a (social connections) kyauta ne, yayin da aka caji kuɗin haɗawa ga gidaje masu wadata. SDE da Kamfanin Amfanin Ruwa na Ƙasar Senegal (SONES) sun yi aiki ta hanyar wata babbar ƙungiyar NGO don gano buƙatun haɗin ruwa na jin daɗin jama'a, kuma kamfani mai zaman kansa ya kafa tsarin biyan kuɗi na kwamfuta na zamani; wannan ya sauƙaƙa biyan kuɗi ga abokan ciniki na gida. An gudanar da ladan ma'aikacin ne bisa adadin ruwan da aka samar da kuma sayar da shi, wanda hakan ya ba da kwarin gwiwa don yi wa abokan ciniki da dama hidima da kuma rage asarar ruwa.<ref name="IDA"/> Wani bincike da Cibiyar Tattalin Arziƙi na Ƙasashe Masu Tasowa ta Boston (BIDE) ta gudanar a shekarar 2006 ya kiyasta gagarumar fa'ida ta yarjejeniyar hayar a kan dalar Amurka miliyan $457. Abokan ciniki sun sami ingantacciyar hanyar samun ruwa mai yawa da kuma kulawar gwamnati, sannan ƙananan fa'idodi (dala miliyan $6) sun tafi ga masu mallakar kamfanin ruwa. Masu ba da rance na ƙasashen waje sun yi asarar dala miliyan $14 sannan ma'aikata sun yi asarar dala miliyan $10 saboda rashi ko raguwar ayyukan yi da ƙananan ƙarin albashi da alawus-alawus.<ref name="BIDE"/> An zaɓi kamfani mai zaman kansa ne ta hanyar gasa a cikin tsari na matakai biyu. Masu neman takara guda huɗu, waɗanda duk na Faransa ne, sun shiga matakin farko: Générale des Eaux (yanzu Vivendi Environnement), Lyonnaise des Eaux (yanzu SUEZ), Société d'Aménagement Urbain et Rural (SAUR), da kuma CISE (wanda daga baya aka haɗiye shi da SAUR). Masu neman takara da suka cancanta sun gabatar da shawara, wanda aka tantance a wani taro. An nemi SAUR ta yi takara, kodayake kamfanin ya ba SONEES shawarwari tun shekarar 1980. Babban Bankin Duniya ya nuna rashin amincewarsa da cire su daga takarar, amma an umarci SONEES da ta kammala duk kwangiloli, ta yanke duk wata alaƙa, kuma kada ta ba SAUR damar shiga aikinsu watanni huɗu kafin bayar da takarar. An gayyaci dukkan masu neman takara huɗu da su gabatar da ingantattun shawarwari na fasaha da na kuɗi; an cire Lyonnaise des Eaux saboda rashin bin ƙa'idodi. An kuma cire tayin daga Générale des Eaux, tunda sun ƙi amincewa da wasu buƙatun kwangila. Sauran masu neman takara biyu, CISE da SAUR, an gayyace su don gabatar da tayin mataki na biyu. A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1995, aka sanar da SAUR a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara bisa farashi. Tayin kamfanin ya kasance farashin samar da ruwa na 236 F.CFA a kowace cubic meter, wanda shine kashi 62 cikin ɗari na matsakaicin farashin haraji a wancan lokacin.<ref name="WB" /> A cewar masu sukar lamari kamar ƙungiyar NGO ta yanki Aide Transparence da ke da mazauni a Dakar, adadin haɗin ruwa ya ƙaru ne kawai daga 203,902 a shekarar 1996 zuwa 264,161 a shekarar 2002. Wannan ya saɓa da alkaluman SDE na shekarar 2002 na haɗin ruwa guda 338,398.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sde.sn/chifclientele.htm |title=SDE: Evolution du nombre de clients |access-date=2008-12-18 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031195843/http://www.sde.sn/chifclientele.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rahoton na Aide Transparence ya ambaci korafin abokan ciniki game da rashin kyawun ingancin ruwa, ƙaruwar amfani da ruwan kwalba na ma'adinai a Senegal, da katsewar ruwan famfo na kwana ɗaya ko fiye da haka. === Haɗin gwiwar al'umma ga famfunan ruwa a Dakar === Wata hanyar kuma ita ce haɗin gwiwar al'umma tare da SONES, SDE, da kuma ƙungiyar NGO ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai rassa a cikin gida (Enda Tiers-Monde) don zaɓar wuraren da za a kafa famfunan ruwa na jama'a (standpipes), gina su da kuma tafiyar da su. Wannan haɗin gwiwar yana sanya famfunan ruwa masu mita ga gidaje matalauta waɗanda a baya suke amfani da gurbataccen ruwan rijiya. Shirin yana biyan buƙatun ne na mutane maimakon dogaro da tsarin samarwa na bangare guda kawai. Al'umma suna da hannu a cikin tsare-tsare, gini, da kulawa, wanda hakan ke haifar da mallakar tsarin da ƙarfi da kusan kashi 100 cikin ɗari na dawo da kuɗaɗen gudanarwa. Gidaje suna biyan ma'aikacin famfo, wanda shi kuma yake biyan kuɗin ruwan ga hukumar. Al'umma ce ke zaɓar ma'aikacin (ko ƙungiyar ma'aikata masu juyawa) waɗanda za su iya yi wa al'umma aiki ko, wani lokacin, don kansu don samun kason kuɗi. Akwai nau'ikan tsarin famfon ruwa guda biyu; SONES ce ke ɗaukar nauyin kuɗin kayan aiki a ɗayan tsarin, ENDA kuma tana ɗaukar nauyin kayan aiki na ɗayan tsarin. Tsari na ƙarshe, wanda aka sani da shirin "Eau Populaire", ya fara ne a shekarar 1995. Tsarin SONES ya kafa kusan famfunan ruwa 250, tsarin ENDA kuma kusan 130. A shekarar 2001, an kiyasta cewa mutane 200,000 sun sami damar samun ruwa mai tsafta tare da aikin Eau Populaire, kuma hakan ya haifar da raguwa mai yawa na cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa a cikin yara. Har ila yau, aikin ya samar da daruruwan ayyuka (ma'aikatan famfo waɗanda ke karɓar CFA 30,000 zuwa 80,000 kowace wata) kuma yana ba da kuɗi ga sauran ayyukan gida tare da kuɗin shiga na famfon ruwan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bpd-waterandsanitation.org/web/w/www_57_en.aspx |title=Building Partnerships for Development (BPD) in Water and Sanitation: Dakar, Senegal - Upgrade and expansion of local water networks |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-date=2013-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701161717/http://www.bpd-waterandsanitation.org/web/w/www_57_en.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Samar da ruwa a karkara === A yankunan karkara, gwamnati ta fara tallafawa gabatar da tsarin gudanarwa mai dorewa ga hanyoyin ruwan bututu ta amfani da rijiyoyin burtsatse a shekarar 1999 tare da aikin gwaji na REGEFOR a tsakiyar Senegal. Aikin ya haɗa da amfani da mita da ƙayyade farashi na volumetric pricing, kwangilar kulawa tare da kamfanoni masu zaman her kansu, da kuma tallafin ƙananan rance (microcredit support).<ref>[http://www.irc.nl/redir/content/download/23603/268759/file/3._Prsentation_REGEFOR_Hane.ppt Pape Mohamed Dia, Ousmane Hane: L'expérience REGEFOR Sénégal]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Atelier Régional Microfinances et mécanismes novateurs pour l'atteinte des OMD dans le secteur de l'Eau et de l'Assainissement en Afrique au Sud du Sahara, Dakar, le 12 décembre 2005</ref> Aikin gwaji na farko ya shafi rijiyoyin burtsatse guda 80. A shekarar 2009, an tsara tsara yarjejeniya da kamfani mai zaman kansa don kula da rijiyoyin burtsatse guda 621 a tsakiyar Senegal. Zuwa watan Janairun shekarar 2010, ana sa ran dukkan rijiyoyin burtsatse 1,400 na ƙasar za su kasance ƙarƙashin kwangilar kulawa ta kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.<ref name="WSP" /> == Tarihi da ci gaban baya-bayan nan == === Haɗin gwiwar farko tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu (1960–1971) === 1960–1971: Kamfanin Compagnie Générale des Eaux du Sénégal, wani kamfani na ƙarƙashin Compagnie Générale des Eaux ta ƙasar Faransa, ya kula da samar da ruwa a biranen Senegal ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar hayar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sde.sn/securbaine.htm |title=Sénégalaise Des Eaux:Secteur de l'hydraulique urbaine |access-date=2008-12-18 |archive-date=2008-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081110131000/http://www.sde.sn/securbaine.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gudanarwar gwamnati (1971–tsakiyar shekarun 1990) === 1971: Ƙarƙashin Shugaba Léopold Senghor, mai fafutukar ra'ayin gurguzu na Afirka (African socialism), Senegal ta mayar da kamfanin ruwanta ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnati da sunan Société Nationale d'Exploitation des Eaux du Sénégal (SONEES). A yankunan karkara, ana samar da ruwa kyauta ba tare da caji ba. 1983: Ƙarƙashin Shugaba Abdou Diouf (1981-2000), SONEES ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar amfani (concession contract) da gwamnati. A yankunan karkara, an gabatar da harajin ruwa (water tariffs) tare da ƙayyadaddun kuɗi ga kowane gida. 1994: Gwamnati ta fara wani tsari na tsawon shekara guda na tsara gyare-gyare a fannin, gami da gudanar da bita-bita da neman shawarwari daga Babban Bankin Duniya (World Bank) da kuma duba gyare-gyaren da aka yi a sauran ƙasashe. === Haɗin gwiwar biyu tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu (tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990) === 1995: Gwamnati ta yanke shawarar mika aikin samar da ruwa a birane ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar hayar. 1996: An rushe SONEES, kuma aka kafa sabbin kamfanoni guda uku: Société Nationale des Eaux du Sénégal (SONES, kamfanin kadarori na jiha), Sénégalaise des Eaux (SDE, kamfani mai zaman kansa mai gudanarwa), da kuma Office National de l'Assainissement du Sénégal (ONAS, kamfanin tsaftar muhalli na gwamnati). SONES ce ta mallaki kadarorin kuma ita ce ke da alhakin saka hannun jari a kayan aiki da kuma daidaita ayyukan SDE. SDE kuma tana da alhakin gudanarwa, kulawa ta yau da kullum, wasu bincike na saka hannun jari don faɗaɗa tsarin, da kuma tura takardun kuɗi da karɓar kuɗaɗe. 1998: SONES da SDE sun sake tattaunawa kan wasu maƙasudai da ba za su iya biyu ba a cikin kwangilar ba tare da an kai ga sasantawa na shari'a ko ƙarar juna ba. 1998: An kafa hukumar Conseil Supérieur de l'Eau, wadda Firayim Minista ke jagoranta, don tsara manufofi na gudanar da albarkatun ruwa da samar da ruwa.<ref>[http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/ressource.php?rubr=ress&id=6&type=docs&cat=1&lang=fr Décret portant création d'un Conseil supérieur de l'eau]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 1999: An fara aikin gwaji na REGEFOR a tsakiyar Senegal tare da tallafin Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Faransa (AFD) don samar da sabbin ƙa'idodin gudanarwa da suka ginu a kan janyewar jihar domin fifita masu amfani da ruwa da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu: amfani da mita, ƙayyade farashi na volumetric pricing, kwararrun manajoji da ma'aikatan fasaha, da kuma bayyananniyar alaƙa tsakanin rukunonin da abin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.afd.fr/jahia/Jahia/site/afd/lang/en/pid/1296 |title=Agence Française de Développement: Senegal: Regefor—Reforming mechanical drilling |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-date=2011-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525185735/http://www.afd.fr/jahia/Jahia/site/afd/lang/en/pid/1296 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2000: An sami canjin gwamnati bayan zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da shugaban 'yan adawa Abdoulaye Wade ya lashe. 2001: Wasiƙa ta biyu ta manufofin ci gaba da ingancin Aikin Samar da Ruwa na Dogon Lokaci da Babban Bankin Duniya ke tallafawa. Manufofin ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ba su fuskanci manyan canje-canje ba. 2002: Kamfanin Sénégalaise Des Eaux ya sami takardar shaida ta ƙa'idar ISO 9001 (fasalin 2000) daga ƙungiyar tabbatar da inganci ta Faransa wato AFAQ. SDE shi ne kamfani na farko na Senegal da ya sami takardar shaidar ISO kuma kamfani na farko na Afirka da aka ba takardar shaida ta ƙa'idar ISO 9001 bisa tsarin gudanarwa na gamsar da abokan ciniki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sde.sn/entiso.htm |title=Sénégalaise Des Eaux:La certification ISO 9001 Version 2000 |access-date=2008-12-18 |archive-date=2008-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919165727/http://www.sde.sn/entiso.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2005: Wasiƙa ta uku ta manufofin ci gaba. An kafa Shirin Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli na Ƙarni (Millennium Program - PEPAM).<ref>[http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/ressource.php?rubr=ress&id=22&type=docs&cat=2&lang=fr PEPAM: Arrêté de création du PEPAM]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A yankunan karkara, an kammala aikin gwaji na REGEFOR cikin nasara kuma an gabatar da tsarinsa a matakin ƙasa baki ɗaya. 2006: An tsawaita yarjejeniyar hayar da SDE na tsawon shekaru biyar. An sanya hannu kan kwangilar gudanar da aiki (performance contract) tare da SONES. 2008: Gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar gudanar da aiki tare da ONAS. 2009: Gwamnati ta ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike don auna (daga cikin sauran batutuwa) ko ya kamata yarjejeniyar hayar ta koma zuwa kwangilar amfani (concession agreement) wadda ƙarƙashinta kamfani mai zaman kansa zai ɗauki nauyin wasu (ko duka) saka hannun jari. 2010/11: Kamfanin SAUR ya sayar da kasonsa na SDE ga kamfanin Finagestion na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda mafi yawan mallakarsa ke hannun babban kamfanin saka hannun jari mai zaman kansa na Emerging Capital Partners wanda ke da mazauni a Amurka kuma ya fi mayar da hankali kan Afirka. 2011: An tsawaita yarjejeniyar hayar da SDE na tsawon shekaru biyu.<ref name=Eplus/> 2012: An zaɓi Macky Sall a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, inda ya doke Abdoulaye Wade. Satumba 2013: An katse samar da ruwa a birnin Dakar na tsawon makonni uku bayan fashewar wani babban bututun mai rarraba ruwa a gundumar Keur Momar Sarr.<ref name=Eplus/> 2014: An tsawaita yarjejeniyar hayar da SDE na tsawon shekaru biyar.<ref name=Eplus> {{cite web|title=L'État a signé avec la SDE pour 5 ans|url=http://www.enqueteplus.com/content/contrat-daffermage-pour-la-distribution-de-leau-l%C3%A9tat-sign%C3%A9-avec-la-sde-pour-5-ans|publisher=Enquête+|access-date=29 August 2015|date=4 January 2014}} </ref> == Batutuwan kuɗi da inganci == Manufofin kuɗi na wannan fanni, waɗanda aka tsara a shekarar 1994, sun ginu ne kan waɗannan ka'idoji: * Taimakon gwamnati guda ɗaya shi ne kudaden da masu bayar da tallafi suke bayarwa; babu wani tallafin gudanarwa da ake bayarwa a kai a kai. * Ba za a samu ƙarin harajin ruwa mai wuce gona da iri ba; ƙarin harajin zai kasance a hankali ne, bisa tsarin kuɗi. * Akwai harajin jin daɗin jama'a (na farko na haraji don amfanin da bai wuce m³ 10 a kowane wata ba) don tabbatar da cewa mutane za su iya biya. <ref name="WB" /> === Haraji da dawo da kuɗaɗe === SDE tana amfani da tsarin haraji mai ƙaruwa, wanda ya haɗa da rukuni uku: * Harajin jin daɗin jama'a (social tariff) ga masu amfani da ruwa kaɗan waɗanda suke da haɗin ruwa a gida, waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin waɗanda ke amfani da ƙasa da cubic meter 20 duk bayan kwanaki 60 (191 F.CFA/m³ a shekarar 2008). * Haraji na yau da kullun (regular tariff) don amfani tsakanin cubic meter 20 da 40 (wanda a da yake tsakanin 20-100), 630 F.CFA/m³ a shekarar 2008. * Haraji na "korewa" (dissuasive rate) don amfani sama da cubic meter 40 (wanda a da yake sama da 100), 789 F.CFA/m³ a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sde.sn/h2otarif.htm |title=SDE: Le tariff de l'eau |access-date=2008-12-18 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031195925/http://www.sde.sn/h2otarif.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Dakar, ana sayar da ruwa a cikin bokiti a famfunan ruwa na jama'a. Masu kula da waɗannan famfunan kananan yan kasuwa ne da ke siyan ruwa daga kamfanin ruwan kuma su sake sayar da shi ga abokan ciniki. <ref name="IRIN" /> Kungiyar Public Citizen ta soki tsarin harajin Senegal saboda mafi matalauta (waɗanda suke dogara ga famfunan ruwa na jama'a) suna biyan haraji mafi tsada, "wanda ya kai kashi 350 na harajin jin daɗin jama'a". Iyalai a yankunan masu karamin karfi na iya raba haɗin ruwa guda ɗaya, kuma su yi amfani da ruwa a farashin "korewa". A cewar Public Citizen, iyalai mafi talauci ne suke tallafawa ruwan iyalai masu amfani da ruwa na yau da kullun waɗanda suka cancanci samun "harajin jin daɗin jama'a". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizen.org/cmep/Water/cmep_Water/reports/senegal/|title=Public Citizen: Senegal}}</ref> A cewar wani binciken Babban Bankin Duniya, masu amfani da famfunan ruwa na jama'a suna biyan kuɗi mafi yawa don ruwa, amma gwamnati tana ganin su a matsayin mafita ta wucin gadi kuma tana da niyyar kaiwa ga dukkan matalauta ta hanyar haɗin ruwa na gida. Wannan manufar tana da "babban aibi", duk da haka: sharuɗɗan da suke sa iyali ya cancanci samun tallafin kusan sun tabbatar da cewa ba matalauta ba ne. Shirye-shiryen haɗin ruwa na jin daɗin jama'a an tsara su ne don unguwanni masu kwanciyar hankali inda mazauna suka kafa tushe. Don samun haɗin ruwa na jin daɗin jama'a, mai nema dole ne ya mallaki takardar ƙasa kuma dole ne gidan ya kasance a kan ƙasar. Iyalin da zai iya biyan wannan, kuma zai iya gina gidan dindindin, ba ya cikin matalauta mafi talauci. <ref name="WB" /> Ƙarin farashin ya takaita ne ga kashi uku a kowace shekara ƙarƙashin maƙasudan aiki (adadin hauhawar farashi), wanda hakan ke sa harajin ya kasance iri ɗaya. <ref name="IRIN" /> Matsakaicin harajin ruwa ya ƙaru daga 350 F.CFA/m³ a shekarar 1995 ($0.72/m³ a farashin musaya na 489 CFA/US$) zuwa 496 F.CFA/m³ (US$1.09/m³ a farashin musaya na 456 CFA/m³) a shekarar 2007. Kudin gudanarwa na samar da ruwa ana dawowa da su, wanda ba kasafai ake gani ba a kamfanonin ruwa a ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin hamadar Sahara. Lamuni na dogon lokaci ba tare da ruwa (interest-free) ba daga hukumomin kuɗi na ƙasashen duniya zuwa ga gwamnatin Senegal ana ba da su ga kamfanin mallakar kadarori kuma ana karɓar su daga masu amfani ta hanyar lissafin kuɗi na SDE. Ana sanya ƙarin haraji na tsaftar muhalli na $0.05/m³ daga SDE don ONAS ga abokan cinikin ruwa a duk biranen da ke da tsarin magudanan ruwa. Wannan ƙarin harajin ya kai kashi shida na lissafin ruwa ga iyalai da ke amfani da 50 m³ na ruwa a kowane wata. Kuɗin shiga daga wannan ƙarin harajin bai isa ya tallafawa ayyukan ONAS da kula da hanyoyin magudanan ruwa ba. Cimma dorewar kuɗi don ONAS da kuma neman hanyoyin ware albarkatu don haɓaka da bunkasa tsaftar muhalli a wuraren zama ya ci gaba da kasancewa ƙalubale. Ko da yake kananan hukumomi ba su da alhakin magudanan ruwa ko na ruwan sama, ana sa ran za su tura wani ɓangare na harajin kadarori ($500,000) zuwa ONAS ta hanyar asusun kayan aiki don kananan hukumomi don tallafawa aiki da kula da wuraren magudanan ruwa. Duk da haka, waɗannan albarkatun ba a samar da su ga ONAS ba. Harajin da SDE ta karɓa ya kai kashi 98 cikin ɗari, a cewar majiyar Babban Bankin Duniya, wanda ya ƙaru daga ƙasa da kashi 80 cikin ɗari kafin aikin. <ref name="IDA" /> A cewar SDE da wata majiyar ta Babban Bankin Duniya, adadin harajin da aka karɓa ya kai matsakaicin kashi 98 cikin ɗari daga 2001 zuwa 2006; ya kasance kashi 96 cikin ɗari a shekarar 1996. <ref name="WB" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sde.sn/chifrecouvrement.htm |title=SDE: Taux de recouvrement global |access-date=2008-12-18 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031195855/http://www.sde.sn/chifrecouvrement.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar wata majiyar, adadin karɓar kuɗin na 1996 ya kasance kashi 91 cikin ɗari. <ref name=WL/> A yankunan karkara, al'ummomi suna bayar da kashi 20 cikin ɗari na saka hannun jari na farko, kashi 80 kuma gwamnati ce ke ɗaukar nauyinsa. Kuɗin aiki, kulawa, da sauyawa ana dawowa da su ta hanyar kuɗin shiga. === Saka hannun jari da bayar da kuɗaɗe === Gwamnatin Senegal ta bayyana cewa kuɗaɗen da suka kai biliyan 260 F.CFA (kimanin dala miliyan 500 a shekarar 2008) an tattara su tsakanin 1996 da 2006 ta hanyar Projet Sectoriel Eau (PSE) da Projet Eau à Long Terme (PELT). <ref name="Mbaye" /> A cewar wasu rahotannin, dala miliyan 300 aka saka a haɗin gwiwar ruwa na Senegal. <ref name="IRIN" /> A cewar Babban Bankin Duniya, farashin Aikin Ruwa na Senegal (gami da tsaftar muhalli) ya kai dala miliyan 290; IDA ta bayar da dala miliyan 100 da wasu dala miliyan 125 don aikin sa ido na Long Term Water Sector Project. <ref name="IDA"/> Kasafin kudin PEPAM na 2005-2015 ya kai biliyan 515 F.CFA (kimanin dala biliyan 1): biliyan 274 F.CFA don yankunan karkara da biliyan 241 F.CFA don yankunan birane. Yawancin saka hannun jari a fannin ana tallafawa ne daga masu bayar da tallafi tare da lamuni ba tare da ruwa ba daga Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Duniya (International Development Association) ta Babban Bankin Duniya da Bankin Raya Afirka ko tallafi daga wasu masu bayar da tallafi, tare da ƙarin kuɗaɗen gwamnati. An saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 20 wanda kamfani mai zaman kansa ya ɗauki nauyinsa a cikin shekaru goma na farko na yarjejeniyar hayar. A shekarar 1996, Citibank da Compagnie Bancaire de l'Afrique Occidentale (CBAO) sun samar da layin bashi na dala miliyan 21.4 (biliyan 11 F.CFA) na tsawon shekaru shida don taimakawa kamfanin mallakar kadarori SONES da kwararar kuɗin shiga. <ref name="WB">{{Cite web |url=http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/240095/Innovative%20Contracts,%20Sound%20Relationships%20Urban%20Water%20Sector%20Reform%20in%20Senegal.pdf |title=Clarissa Brocklehurst and Jan G. Janssens: Innovative Contracts, Sound Relationships: Urban Water Sector Reform in Senegal, The World Bank Group: Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Board Discussion Paper Series, Paper No. 1, 2004 |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-date=2017-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205023017/http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/240095/Innovative%20Contracts,%20Sound%20Relationships%20Urban%20Water%20Sector%20Reform%20in%20Senegal.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Inganci === Asarar ruwa, mafi yawancinta ta hanyar ɗigo, ta ragu zuwa ƙasa da kashi 20 cikin ɗari a shekarar 2006 daga kashi 32 cikin ɗari a shekarar 1996. Ragewar yana nufin tanadin da ya kai bukatun ruwa na mutane 930,000. <ref name="IDA" /> Yawan ma'aikata ya kai 2.3 a kowane ma'aikata 1,000 a shekarar 2014, wanda ya tashi daga 6.1 a shekarar 1996. <ref name=WL/> == Haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa == Babban Bankin Duniya, Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Amurka (USAID), Bankin Raya Afirka, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai, Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Faransa (AFD), Jamus, da Bankin Raya Afirka ta Yamma (BOAD) suna cikin manyan masu bayar da tallafi ga fannin ruwa na Senegal. A shekarar 1995, Babban Bankin Duniya ya ba da rancen kashi na IDA na dalar Amurka miliyan $100 ga gwamnatin Senegal don aiwatar da gyare-gyarenta.<ref name="IDA"/> Sannan an biyo baya da aikin fannin ruwa na dogon lokaci na dalar Amurka miliyan $125 wanda ya fara a watan Yunin 2001.<ref name="IDA"/> A shekarar 2006, ya amince da aikin tallafi na dalar Amurka miliyan $7.7 (output-based aid) don tallafawa samun damar yin amfani da dabarun tsaftar muhalli a wuraren zama a Dakar, wanda ONAS, hukumar ayyukan jama'a ta AGETIP da wata ƙungiyar NGO suka aiwatar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports|title=Documents & Reports - All Documents &#124; The World Bank|website=World Bank}}</ref> Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB) ya ba da lamuni guda biyu (Euro miliyan 15 a shekarar 1995 da Euro miliyan 16 a shekarar 2001) ga gwamnatin Senegal ƙarƙashin aikin samar da ruwa na dogon lokaci don ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan samar da ruwa a Dakar. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2007, EIB ta sanyawa hannu kan wasu yarjejeniyoyin kuɗi guda biyu na daban tare da SONES don tallafawa Tsarin Samar da Ruwan Sha da Magudanan Ruwa na Ƙarni na Senegal (PEPAM). Tallafin Asusun Raya Turai (EDF) na CFAF biliyan 5.7 (Euro miliyan 8.6) da rancen EIB na F.CFA biliyan 9.8 (Euro miliyan 15) sun cika shirin zuba jari na SONES na F.CFA biliyan 38 (Euro miliyan 58). Ƙarƙashin aikin, fiye da birane 60 (gami da Dakar) za su ci gajiyar tsare-tsaren gyarawa, haɓakawa da faɗaɗa hanyoyin samar da ruwan sha, wanda zai kai ga mutane fiye da 500,000 cikin shekaru huɗu. Ayyukan da aka tsara sun haɗa da kafa sabbin rijiyoyin burtsatse guda 25, gina masana'antar tace ruwa, faɗaɗa hanyoyin samar da ruwa da fiye da kilomita 500 da kuma kafa haɗin ruwa na tallafi guda 50,000 da famfunan ruwa na jama'a 360. Masu ba da kuɗaɗe guda huɗu sun daidaita hanyoyinsu na gudanarwa, tare da aiwatar da alkawuran da aka guda a Yarjejeniyar Paris (Paris Declaration) kan daidaita tallafin ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eib.org/projects/press/2007/2007-122-euro-senegalese-cooperation---cfaf-15.5bn-eur-23.6m-for-improved-access-to-drinking-water.htm |title=European Investment Bank: CFAF 15.5bn (EUR 23.6m) for improved access to drinking water}}</ref> Wani rancen Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na Euro miliyan 64.5, haɗe da tallafin Tarayyar Turai na Euro miliyan 5.55 ga Senegal, an bayar da shi a shekarar 2023. Kuɗaɗen za su samar da ruwan sha ga mazauna Saint-Louis da wasu al'ummomi guda biyu a tsakiya da kudancin Senegal: Kaolack da Kolda.<ref name="European Investment Bank">{{Cite web |title=Water infrastructure bring the 'comfort of a running tap' to 1 mln in Senegal |url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/water-infrastructure-senegal |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Magoum-2022">{{Cite web |last=Magoum |first=Inès |date=2022-03-29 |title=SENEGAL: EU and EIB pledge €70m to improve access to drinking water |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eu-and-eib-pledge-e70m-to-improve-access-to-drinking-water/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Afrik 21 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228123838/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eu-and-eib-pledge-e70m-to-improve-access-to-drinking-water/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="europa.eu">{{Cite web |title=Senegal - Green Economy {{!}} Team Europe Initiative and Joint Programming tracker |url=https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/tei-jp-tracker/tei/senegal-green-economy |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=europa.eu}}</ref> Idan aka kammala aikin, Saint-Louis za ta ci gajiyar sabuwar masana'antar tace ruwan sha, wuraren tana da ruwa (reservoirs), da kuma faɗaɗa hanyoyin rarraba ruwa.<ref name="European Investment Bank" /><ref name="Magoum-2022" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://heartlandsconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/task-6e-st-louis-region-water-infrastructure-report-final.pdf|title=Summary of Water Infrastructure in the St. Louis Region}}</ref> Wannan yana daidai da Shirin Birane Masu Dorewa na Afirka (African Sustainable Cities Initiative).<ref name="European Investment Bank" /><ref name="Magoum-2022" /> Kudin Tarayyar Turai na Euro miliyan 5.55, wanda Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai ya tattara, zai taimaka wa kamfanin ruwa na Senegal wajen hanzarta samar da haɗin ruwan sha na tallafi guda 35,000 ga abokan ciniki 350,000 a faɗin ƙasar.<ref name="European Investment Bank"/><ref name="Magoum-2022"/><ref name="europa.eu"/> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} == Ƙara mahaɗa == *[http://www.sones.sn/ Société Nationale des Eaux du Senegal] *[http://www.sde.sn Sénégalaise des Eaux]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/ensemble/index.php?rubr=vue Programme d'eau potable et assainissement pour le millénaire (PEPAM)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225235732/http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/ensemble/index.php?rubr=vue |date=2009-02-25 }} *[http://water.worldbank.org/water/publications/private-operators-and-rural-water-supplies-desk-review-experience/ The World Bank on private water operations in rural communities] World Bank report with focus on Senegal. ==Ƙara karatu== * Aymeric Blanc and Cédric Ghesquières: [http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PUBLICATIONS/RECHERCHE/Scientifiques/Documents-de-travail/024-document-travail.pdf Secteur de l'eau au Sénégal - Un partenariat équilibré entre acteurs publics et privés pour servir les plus démunis ?]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Agence Française de Développement, Direction de la Stratégie, Département de la Recherche, Document de Travail n°24, 2006 bp4mxj3881tn5e23ceqc0s03dzw87e0 0 152702 890529 841404 2026-08-02T10:45:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 890529 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox musical artist|Background=|Name=Peacocks Guitar Band International|image=|image_size=|image_upright=|Landscape=|alt=|caption=|Alias=Peacocks Guitar Band, Peacock International, Peacocks Guiter Band|Origin=Ghana|Genre=|Years_active=1970s|Label=[[EMI Records|EMI]], [[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]]|Current_members=|Past_members=|website=|module=|module2=|module3=}}'''Peacocks Guitar Band International''' wata ƙungiyar makaɗan [[Highlife]] ce daga [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Segun |date=2021-12-05 |title=Afrobeats hall of fame awards to honour african artistry, musical contributions |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/afrobeats-hall-of-fame-awards-to-honour-african-artistry-musical-contributions/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marv |first=Tomide |date=February 21, 2025 |title=#BumpThis: 12 of the Best Afrobeats Songs of the 2020s That Sample Nigerian Classics |url=https://www.zikoko.com/pop/best-afrobeats-songs-of-the-2020s-that-sample-nigerian-classics/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RALPH AMARABEM (THE PEACOCKS BAND) – Evergreen Musical Company Ltd |url=https://evergreenmusic.com.ng/biographies/ralph-amarabem-the-peacocks-band/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka sa ƙungiyar ta yi fice shi ne gudummawar da ta bayar ta hanyar waƙarta mai suna Eddie Quansa. Daga baya an yi amfani da waƙar a matsayin taken shirin barkwanci na talabijin mai suna New Masquerade. == Ayyuka == A shekarar 1972, ƙungiyar ta fitar da kundin waƙa mai suna Ejiogu ƙarƙashin kamfanin rikodi na His Master’s Voice. A shekara ta gaba kuma, wato 1973, aka fitar da kundin Abiriwa ta hannun kamfanin rikodi na EMI. Ƙungiyar ta rabu a shekarar 1976, sannan ɗaya daga cikin mambobinta, Dan Orji, ya kafa wata sabuwar ƙungiya mai suna Skylarks Universal Band. Ya rasu a shekarar 2015. Tare da fitattun mawaka irin su: [[Cif Stephen Osita Osadebe|Cif Osita Osadebe]], [[Fela Kuti|Fela Anikulapo Kuti]], Rex Lawson, [[Ayinde Barrister|Sikiru Ayinde Barrister]], [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Ade]], [[Ɗan Maraya Jos|Dan Maraya Jos]], da Bala Miller, an zaɓi Peacocks Guitar Band International cikin waɗanda aka ba takarar lambar yabo ta Nigeria’s Afrobeats Hall of Fame a rukunin mawakan da suka yi tasiri tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970 a shekarar 2021. == Mambobin == * Raphael Amarabem, aka fi sani da "Ibiso" - Guitarist da Vocalist * Nze Dan Orji - Mai kunnawa * Okoro Oha Boniface Akagha, aka "Alika" - Bass Player == Bayanan da aka yi == === Albums: waƙoƙi === ==== Abiriwa-1973 ==== * Eddie Quansa * Dan Njemanze * Jiji * Iwa Anya * Yesu Kristi * Okpa Aku Eriri * Egwu Mgbashiriko * Uba Awuu nwa * Wannan Yarinya * Abasi . O. Mokop ==== 51 Lex Bayani: Kinkana na Musamman-2006 ==== * KInkana na musamman * Umuibe * Sam Mbiri * Sa Tanã Mama * Manu Alunu Nwanneya * Iga Akwalu Mmi * Maryamu Meriamam * Ebiriye * Nwa Ibie ==== 51 Lex Bayani: Aya Simole-2006 ==== * Aya Simonle * Oji Onyike Egbu Aruru * Ezenwata nwannnem * Batetu * A cikin mmanu * Feresirima * Nkwo orji * Onwu Ebeara Igbu Ejiogu * Odo Biro * Onye Aghala Nwanneya == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Mahaɗan waje == * Discogs - Peacocks Guitar Band[https://www.discogs.com/artist/1139177-Peacocks-Guitar-Band Gitar Band na Peacocks] [[Rukuni:Kungiyoyin mawaƙan Najeriya]] nl52ff3fndhxq14moyr2maaikx5hs00 890530 890529 2026-08-02T10:45:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 890530 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox musical artist|Background=|Name=Peacocks Guitar Band International|image=|image_size=|image_upright=|Landscape=|alt=|caption=|Alias=Peacocks Guitar Band, Peacock International, Peacocks Guiter Band|Origin=Ghana|Genre=|Years_active=1970s|Label=[[EMI Records|EMI]], [[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]]|Current_members=|Past_members=|website=|module=|module2=|module3=}}'''Peacocks Guitar Band International''' wata ƙungiyar makaɗan [[Highlife]] ce daga [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Segun |date=2021-12-05 |title=Afrobeats hall of fame awards to honour african artistry, musical contributions |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/afrobeats-hall-of-fame-awards-to-honour-african-artistry-musical-contributions/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marv |first=Tomide |date=February 21, 2025 |title=#BumpThis: 12 of the Best Afrobeats Songs of the 2020s That Sample Nigerian Classics |url=https://www.zikoko.com/pop/best-afrobeats-songs-of-the-2020s-that-sample-nigerian-classics/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RALPH AMARABEM (THE PEACOCKS BAND) – Evergreen Musical Company Ltd |url=https://evergreenmusic.com.ng/biographies/ralph-amarabem-the-peacocks-band/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka sa ƙungiyar ta yi fice shi ne gudummawar da ta bayar ta hanyar waƙarta mai suna Eddie Quansa. Daga baya an yi amfani da waƙar a matsayin taken shirin barkwanci na talabijin mai suna New Masquerade. == Ayyuka == A shekarar 1972, ƙungiyar ta fitar da kundin waƙa mai suna Ejiogu ƙarƙashin kamfanin rikodi na His Master’s Voice. A shekara ta gaba kuma, wato 1973, aka fitar da kundin Abiriwa ta hannun kamfanin rikodi na EMI. Ƙungiyar ta rabu a shekarar 1976, sannan ɗaya daga cikin mambobinta, Dan Orji, ya kafa wata sabuwar ƙungiya mai suna Skylarks Universal Band. Ya rasu a shekarar 2015. Tare da fitattun mawaka irin su: [[Cif Stephen Osita Osadebe|Cif Osita Osadebe]], [[Fela Kuti|Fela Anikulapo Kuti]], Rex Lawson, [[Ayinde Barrister|Sikiru Ayinde Barrister]], [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Ade]], [[Ɗan Maraya Jos|Dan Maraya Jos]], da Bala Miller, an zaɓi Peacocks Guitar Band International cikin waɗanda aka ba takarar lambar yabo ta Nigeria’s Afrobeats Hall of Fame a rukunin mawakan da suka yi tasiri tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970 a shekarar 2021. == Mambobin == * Raphael Amarabem, aka fi sani da "Ibiso" - Guitarist da Vocalist * Nze Dan Orji - Mai kunnawa * Okoro Oha Boniface Akagha, aka "Alika" - Bass Player == Bayanan da aka yi == === Albums: waƙoƙi === ==== Abiriwa-1973 ==== * Eddie Quansa * Dan Njemanze * Jiji * Iwa Anya * Yesu Kristi * Okpa Aku Eriri * Egwu Mgbashiriko * Uba Awuu nwa * Wannan Yarinya * Abasi . O. Mokop ==== 51 Lex Bayani: Kinkana na Musamman-2006 ==== * KInkana na musamman * Umuibe * Sam Mbiri * Sa Tanã Mama * Manu Alunu Nwanneya * Iga Akwalu Mmi * Maryamu Meriamam * Ebiriye * Nwa Ibie ==== 51 Lex Bayani: Aya Simole-2006 ==== * Aya Simonle * Oji Onyike Egbu Aruru * Ezenwata nwannnem * Batetu * A cikin mmanu * Feresirima * Nkwo orji * Onwu Ebeara Igbu Ejiogu * Odo Biro * Onye Aghala Nwanneya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Mahaɗan waje == * Discogs - Peacocks Guitar Band[https://www.discogs.com/artist/1139177-Peacocks-Guitar-Band Gitar Band na Peacocks] [[Rukuni:Kungiyoyin mawaƙan Najeriya]] 07n9q7kzp8p2v0sunuvwjaksr4b1k19 890531 890530 2026-08-02T10:46:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 890531 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox musical artist|Background=|Name=Peacocks Guitar Band International|image=|image_size=|image_upright=|Landscape=|alt=|caption=|Alias=Peacocks Guitar Band, Peacock International, Peacocks Guiter Band|Origin=Ghana|Genre=|Years_active=1970s|Label=[[EMI Records|EMI]], [[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]]|Current_members=|Past_members=|website=|module=|module2=|module3=}}'''Peacocks Guitar Band International''' wata ƙungiyar makaɗan [[Highlife]] ce daga [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Segun |date=2021-12-05 |title=Afrobeats hall of fame awards to honour african artistry, musical contributions |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/afrobeats-hall-of-fame-awards-to-honour-african-artistry-musical-contributions/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marv |first=Tomide |date=February 21, 2025 |title=#BumpThis: 12 of the Best Afrobeats Songs of the 2020s That Sample Nigerian Classics |url=https://www.zikoko.com/pop/best-afrobeats-songs-of-the-2020s-that-sample-nigerian-classics/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RALPH AMARABEM (THE PEACOCKS BAND) – Evergreen Musical Company Ltd |url=https://evergreenmusic.com.ng/biographies/ralph-amarabem-the-peacocks-band/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka sa ƙungiyar ta yi fice shi ne gudummawar da ta bayar ta hanyar waƙarta mai suna Eddie Quansa. Daga baya an yi amfani da waƙar a matsayin taken shirin barkwanci na talabijin mai suna New Masquerade. == Ayyuka == A shekarar 1972, ƙungiyar ta fitar da kundin waƙa mai suna Ejiogu ƙarƙashin kamfanin rikodi na His Master’s Voice. A shekara ta gaba kuma, wato 1973, aka fitar da kundin Abiriwa ta hannun kamfanin rikodi na EMI. Ƙungiyar ta rabu a shekarar 1976, sannan ɗaya daga cikin mambobinta, Dan Orji, ya kafa wata sabuwar ƙungiya mai suna Skylarks Universal Band. Ya rasu a shekarar 2015. Tare da fitattun mawaka irin su: [[Cif Stephen Osita Osadebe|Cif Osita Osadebe]], [[Fela Kuti|Fela Anikulapo Kuti]], Rex Lawson, [[Ayinde Barrister|Sikiru Ayinde Barrister]], [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Ade]], [[Ɗan Maraya Jos|Dan Maraya Jos]], da Bala Miller, an zaɓi Peacocks Guitar Band International cikin waɗanda aka ba takarar lambar yabo ta Nigeria’s Afrobeats Hall of Fame a rukunin mawakan da suka yi tasiri tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970 a shekarar 2021. == Mambobin == * Raphael Amarabem, aka fi sani da "Ibiso" - Guitarist da Vocalist * Nze Dan Orji - Mai kunnawa * Okoro Oha Boniface Akagha, aka "Alika" - Bass Player == Bayanan da aka yi == === Albums: waƙoƙi === ==== Abiriwa-1973 ==== * Eddie Quansa * Dan Njemanze * Jiji * Iwa Anya * Yesu Kristi * Okpa Aku Eriri * Egwu Mgbashiriko * Uba Awuu nwa * Wannan Yarinya * Abasi . O. Mokop ==== 51 Lex Bayani: Kinkana na Musamman-2006 ==== * KInkana na musamman * Umuibe * Sam Mbiri * Sa Tanã Mama * Manu Alunu Nwanneya * Iga Akwalu Mmi * Maryamu Meriamam * Ebiriye * Nwa Ibie ==== 51 Lex Bayani: Aya Simole-2006 ==== * Aya Simonle * Oji Onyike Egbu Aruru * Ezenwata nwannnem * Batetu * A cikin mmanu * Feresirima * Nkwo orji * Onwu Ebeara Igbu Ejiogu * Odo Biro * Onye Aghala Nwanneya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Mahaɗan waje == * Discogs - Peacocks Guitar Band[https://www.discogs.com/artist/1139177-Peacocks-Guitar-Band Gitar Band na Peacocks] [[Rukuni:Kungiyoyin mawaƙan Najeriya]] g2u2ldreahaf3a7fg767tc33kkvkb3x 0 152737 890374 881674 2026-08-02T01:21:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wemmer Pan''' tafki ne da kuma wurin shakatawa a [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Tana kudu da tsakiyar gari, a cikin unguwar La Rochelle. == Tarihi == "Pan" kalma ce ta [[Afrikaans]] da Afirka ta Kudu don tafkin da ba shi da zurfi. An sanya sunan Wemmer Pan ne bayan Sam Wemmer . Da farko ma'adinai ne, kuma daga baya City Deep Mine ta karbe shi wanda ke buƙatar ruwa don dalilai na hakar ma'adanai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The History of Wemmer Pan Rowing Club |url=http://www.wemmer.org.za/Documents/Wemmer-History-1911-1939.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102721/http://www.wemmer.org.za/Documents/Wemmer-History-1911-1939.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2014-08-18}}</ref> Wemmer Pan wani bangare ne na Pioneers' Park, wanda aka gina a farkon karni na 20. An buɗe wurin shakatawa na Pioneers a hukumance a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1924 ta Gwamna Janar, Earl na Athlone, a ƙasar da Majalisar Birnin ta saya. An sanya sunan wurin shakatawa ne don tunawa da wadanda suka kafa Johannesburg da kuma masana'antar hakar zinariya wacce ita ce cibiyarta.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Wemmer Pan/Pioneer Park |url=http://www.jhbcityparks.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005063910/www.jhbcityparks.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=28 |archive-date=2011-10-05}}</ref> == Abubuwan more rayuwa == Wemmer Pan gida ne ga kungiyoyi masu yawa na motsa jiki, gami da Wemmer pan Rowing Club <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://wemmer.org.za/ |website=WPRC &#124; #WemmerBlues |access-date=2026-05-28 |archive-date=2024-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622221110/https://wemmer.org.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (wanda aka kafa a 1911), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wemmer History |url=http://www.wemmer.org.za/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085719/http://www.wemmer.org.za/history.html |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2014-08-18}}</ref> kuma yana karbar bakuncin wasu gajerun regattas, gami le Wemmer Sprint Regatta na shekara-shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wemmer Sprint 2011 - 100 years at the Pan! |url=http://www.wemmer.org.za/Sprint.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084408/http://www.wemmer.org.za/Sprint.html |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2014-08-18}}</ref> Har ila yau, gida ne na shekara-shekara Dragon Boat Corporate Spring Festival Regatta . Gidan shakatawa yana ba da sarari don yin biki da ayyukan ruwa, kuma yana da maɓuɓɓugar kiɗa masu haske.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joburgnews.co.za |url=http://www.joburgnews.co.za/oct_2002/oct11_wemmer.stm |access-date=2026-05-28 |archive-date=2022-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621152802/http://www.joburgnews.co.za/oct_2002/oct11_wemmer.stm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wemmer Pan's musical fountains brought back to life : Property News from Property360 |url=http://www.iolproperty.co.za/roller/news/entry/wemmer_pan_s_musical_fountains |access-date=2021-09-01 |website=www.iolproperty.co.za |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205925/http://www.iolproperty.co.za/roller/news/entry/wemmer_pan_s_musical_fountains |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gidan tseren Turffontein na Johannesburg yana gaban Wemmer Pan. A bakin tafkin akwai [[Santarama Miniland]], wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin nau'ikan sikelin 80 na sanannun gine-gine da wurare daga Afirka ta Kudu, a sikelin 1:25. Wadannan sun hada da samfurin sikelin Tsibirin Robben, inda aka tsare [[Nelson Mandela]] a kurkuku, Union Buildings da Hillbrow Tower. Cikakken kwatankwacin jirgin Jan van Riebeeck, [[Dromedarus]], yana ɗaukar baƙi a kan jirgin ruwa kyauta a kan tafkin. Har ila yau an haɗa su da karamin golf, ƙananan layin dogo, ƙaramin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma hanyar kebul.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2016 |title=Santarama Miniland – The broken Lilliput of the South |url=https://joburg.co.za/santarama-miniland-broken-lilliput-south/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616155657/https://joburg.co.za/santarama-miniland-broken-lilliput-south/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto"/> Ƙofar da ke kusa da ita ita ce Gidan Tarihin Sufuri na James Hall, wanda shine mafi girman gidan kayan gargajiya na sufuri a Afirka. Jimmie Hall ne ya kafa shi a shekarar 1964, kuma yana adanawa da inganta tarihin sama da shekaru 400 na sufuri a Afirka ta Kudu musamman da Afirka gabaɗaya. Tarin ya haɗa da fiye da shekaru 400 na hanyoyi daban-daban na sufuri na ƙasa waɗanda suka fara daga motocin tururi, jiragen ƙasa, trams da bas din trolley, zuwa motocin da aka jawo dabbobi, kekuna da motoci na farko. Gidan yana da motocin tururi da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.jhmt.org.za/ |website=jhmt.org.za}}</ref> == Sauran abubuwan da suka faru == Mai kisan kai Cedric Maake, wanda ya aikata akalla kisan kai 27 a cikin 1996 da 1997, an san shi da Wemmer Pan Killer saboda an sami yawancin wadanda ya kashe a kusa. == Manazarta == ovwmebs8al6f8at5ek2lp7w04sugw7a 0 153120 890341 842526 2026-08-01T22:27:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} wanda kuma ake kira '''Gattara''' ko '''Al-Qattarah''', madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da yumɓu da ke kan Wadi Al-Qappara, {{Convert|33|km|mi|0}} km (21 gabashin [[Benghazi]] a Libya . Tare da madatsar ruwa ta biyu da ke da nisan (6 mi) a 31°59′43′′N 20°20′04′′E / 31.99528°N 20.33444°E / 31.95528; 20.33445 (Wadi Qattara Secondary Dam) da kuma gine-gine bakwai, an gina makircin bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata yankin Benghazi a 1938 da 1954. An kuma gina su don samar da ruwa na ban ruwa. Ginin madatsar ruwan ya fara ne a shekarar 1968 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1971.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wadi Gattara |url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/libya/watdi-gattara/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220014338/http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/libya/watdi-gattara/ |archive-date=20 February 2017 |access-date=27 August 2011 |publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika a.d}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=1960 |title=The Economic Development of Libya |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1999/10/19/000178830_98101911132326/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213202113/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1999/10/19/000178830_98101911132326/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt |archive-date=February 13, 2009 |access-date=27 August 2011 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Koyaya, ambaliyar ruwa a shekara ta 1979 ta lalata babban madatsar ruwan kuma ta lalata madatsar ruwa ta biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water resources and water transfer projects |url=http://www.coyne-et-bellier.fr/dun/ahe/ressource_eau2.htm |access-date=27 August 2011 |publisher=Coyne-et-Bellier}}</ref> An sake gyara babban madatsar ruwan kuma an maye gurbin madatsar ruwa ta biyu da madatsar da aka cika da dutse tsakanin 2000 da 2004 a farashin dala miliyan 30. An ɗaga babban madatsar ruwan 7 m (23 kuma an ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa zuwa {{Convert|240|m3/s|ft3/s|0}} m3 ft / s). Dukkanin madatsun ruwa sun tsara su ne ta hanyar Coyne da Bellier . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jalut |first=Q. H. |last2=R. E. Suleiman |title=Rehabilitation of Wadi Al-Qattarah Main Dam |url=http://www.uniten.edu.my/newhome/uploaded/coe/iccbt/iccbt%202008/conference%20d%20extract/UNITEN%20ICCBT%2008%20Rehabilitation%20of%20Wadi%20Al-Qattarah%20Main%20Dam.pdf |access-date=27 August 2011 |publisher=International Conference on Construction and Building Technology |archive-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331075057/http://www.uniten.edu.my/newhome/uploaded/coe/iccbt/iccbt |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Wadi_al_Qattarah_watershed.jpg|thumb|Wadi al Qattarah ruwa (Map Interactive) ]] == Manazarta == 67jpu7r1k3n6brngxfi7u47d9a2s25a 0 153149 890212 842592 2026-08-01T15:32:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thompson Usiyan''' (27 Afrilu 1956 - 31 Agusta 2021) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . Yana da tarihin cin kwallaye a gasar NCAA Division I kuma ya buga a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Arewacin Amurka, gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta cikin gida ta Major Indoor Soccer League, gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka da kuma gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta cikin gida ta Continental Soccer League . Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Olympics [[Najeriya|ta Najeriya]] wadda ta kauracewa gasar Olympics ta 1976. Ya buga wasanni da dama a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] . == Aikin ƙuruciya == A shekarar 1976, an zaɓi Usiyan a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Olympics ta Najeriya ta 1976. Duk da cewa ƙungiyar ta yi tafiya zuwa gasar Olympics, wadda aka gudanar a [[Montréal|Montreal, Quebec]], Kanada, amma ba ta fafata ba sakamakon kauracewa wasannin da ƙasashen Afirka da Larabawa suka yi. Usiyan ya zaɓi ya ci gaba da zama a Arewacin Amurka kuma ya sami tayin tallafin karatu don halartar Jami'ar Clemson, [[Jami'ar Howard]] da Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Records Weren't Made to Be Broken |url=http://soconsports.com/sports/2005/9/21/189830.aspx |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=soconsports.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026211105/https://soconsports.com/sports/2005/9/21/189830.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zaɓi Appalachian inda ya kafa tarihin NCAA na kwallaye 109 a rayuwarsa. Usiyan ya kuma kafa tarihi ga mafi yawan maki a aikinsa (255), kwallaye a kakar wasa (46 a 1980), da maki a kakar wasa (108 a 1980). Shi ne ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Kudu na Shekara a 1977, '78, da '80. == Aikin kulob == A shekarar 1981, Usiyan ya sanya hannu da Montreal Manic na North American Soccer League . Manic din ya sayar da Usiyan ga Tulsa Roughnecks bayan kakar wasa ta 1982. Raunin da ya samu a ƙafa ya takaita shi ga wasanni goma sha ɗaya ga Roughnecks a shekarar 1983. Ƙungiyar ta sallame shi a ranar 11 ga Maris 1984. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1984, ya sanya hannu da Oklahoma City Stampede na United Soccer League . Ya jagoranci gasar wajen zura kwallaye kuma ya kare a matsayi na uku a teburin maki. A kaka ta 1984, ya sanya hannu da Minnesota Strikers na Major Indoor Soccer League . A shekarar 1985, ya koma wasan waje na ɗan lokaci lokacin da ya sanya hannu da Tulsa Tornados na USL, amma gasar ta ruguje bayan wasanni shida kacal. An yi wa Usiyan tiyatar arthroscopic daga baya a lokacin bazara, amma ya koma Strikers a kaka ta 1985 kuma ya yi kakar wasa biyu masu zuwa a Minnesota. A ranar 26 ga Maris 1987, Strikers sun sayar da Usiyan zuwa Los Angeles Lazers a madadin Greg Ion bayan Usiyan ya yi faɗa a ɗakin kabad da mai tsaron gidan Strikers Tino Lettieri . Usiyan ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Lazers har zuwa kakar wasa ta 1987-88. Bai sake bugawa ba har sai da Maryland Bays ta American Soccer League ta sanya hannu a watan Yunin 1989. A lokacin da yake barin ƙwallon ƙafa, ya kammala karatunsa na kasuwanci a Appalachian State. A ranar 9 ga Agusta 1989, ya koma MISL lokacin da ya sanya hannu da St. Louis Storm . A lokacin kakar wasa biyu da ya yi a St. Louis, Usiyan ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan haraji. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya shafe lokaci a matsayin akawu kuma bayan ya yi ritaya, ya zama cikakken mai ba da shawara kan haraji. A lokacin bazara na 1991, Usiyan ya buga wa Hamilton Steelers wasa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kanada . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thompson Usiyan soccer Statistics on StatsCrew.com |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorsoccer/stats/p-usiyatho001 |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=www.statscrew.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1991, Storm ya sayar da Usiyan ga San Diego Sockers a musayar Branko Segota da zaɓin zaɓen zagaye na farko na Sockers 1992. gasar MISL ta 1992 tare da Sockers. A ranar Nuwamba, 1992, Usiyan ya sanya hannu tare da [[Alex Golovnia|St.]] Louis Ambush na Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon [[Nassim Olabi|...]] A ranar 10 ga Satumba 1993, ƙungiyar ta dakatar da Usiyan har abada saboda tarin katunan jan kati. A ranar 21 ga Yuni 1995, San Jose Grizzlies na CISL ta ɗauki Usiyan bayan da ƙungiyar ta ba shi izinin buga wasa. Ya yi ritaya har abada a ƙarshen kakar wasa. Usiyan shi ne ɗan wasa na goma sha shida da ya fi zura kwallaye a MISL a 1984–85 a matsayin memba na Minnesota Strikers, da maki 62 a wasanni 47. Ya kasance na goma sha biyar mafi kyau a kakar wasa bayan haka da maki 60 a gasa 40. Usiyan ya kammala na takwas a cin kwallaye a kakar wasa ta 1987–88 a matsayin memba na Los Angeles Lazers da maki 88 a wasanni 51. Ya kasance na shida mafi kyau a 1990–91 da maki 102 a wasanni 51 da ya buga wa St. Louis Storm . Usiyan yana cikin shugabannin a karo na ƙarshe (a kakar wasa ta ƙarshe) ya kammala na goma sha biyar da maki 57 a wasanni 40 da ya buga wa San Diego Sockers . An naɗa shi ɗan wasa mafi daraja a gasar Championship Series yayin da Sockers suka lashe gasar. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Usiyan ya buga wasanni da dama a Najeriya, ciki har da rashin nasara a hannun Algeria a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a shekarar 1982 da ci 2-0 a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1981 a Legas . Ya zura kwallaye a wasansa na farko, a wasan sada zumunci da Kenya a shekarar 1976. [1] Usiyan ya kuma buga wa Najeriya wasa a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 1976 a Habasha . [2] Ya lashe lambar azurfa tare da tawagar Najeriya a wasannin All-Africa Games na 1978 a Algiers . Usiyan ya gina gidansa a San Diego inda yake mai ba da shawara kan haraji . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] 5jdue0bm402yuekm0rqudk2nlq2010n 0 153273 890124 842953 2026-08-01T12:45:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Turkwel''', kuma Turkwel Dam, madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Kogin Turkwel]] kimanin kilomita {{Convert|76|km|mi}} (47 arewacin [[Lorokon]] a West Pokot County, [[Kenya]] . Dam din yana da dalilai da yawa, gami da samar da wutar lantarki, ban ruwa, yawon shakatawa da kamun kifi. An gina shi tsakanin 1986 da 1991. Yana tallafawa tashar wutar lantarki ta uku mafi girma a kasar, tare da shigar da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na 112 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkwel History |url=http://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php?page=business&subpage=hydro&id=12 |access-date=22 February 2015 |publisher=Kengen |archive-date=23 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923025250/http://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php?page=business&subpage=hydro&id=12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>&nbsp; Madatsar ruwa, wacce ita ce mafi tsayi a Kenya, tana da tsayin {{Convert|153|m}}, tsawon tsayin kafa na 150&nbsp;m, girman madatsar ruwa mai girman {{Convert|170,000|m3}} kuma yana riƙe da adadin ruwa na {{Convert|1641|e6m3|acre.ft}} . Tashar wutar lantarki tana ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ƙasa, kuma tana ɗauke da janareto biyu na Francis mai ƙarfin MW 56. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2013 |title=Scenic Turkwel pulls in tourists |url=http://www.ipsos.co.ke/NEWBASE_EXPORTS/KPLC/131031_Daily%20Nation-Celebrating%20Kenya's%20Golden%20Jubilee_17_61157.pdf |access-date=22 February 2015 |publisher=Ipsos}}</ref> Bambancin tsayi tsakanin wurin ajiyar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki yana ba da damar samun kan ruwa mai ƙarfi na {{Convert|356|m|ft}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tender for Rehabilitation of Turbine Governor & Control Equipment, Excitation System, Generator & Transformer Protections Systems and MV/LV Supply Distribution System for Turkwel Hydro Power Station-Kenya |url=http://www.kengen.co.ke/documents/Tender/KGN%20TURK%2016%202011%20Floated%20Tender-Governor%20%20Control%20Equipment%20for%20Turkwel%20Power%20station%20(5)%20Final%20DOC%20(2).pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190033/http://www.kengen.co.ke/documents/Tender/KGN%20TURK%2016%202011%20Floated%20Tender-Governor%20%20Control%20Equipment%20for%20Turkwel%20Power%20station%20(5)%20Final%20DOC%20(2).pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2015 |publisher=Kenya Electricity Generating Company Limited |page=44}}</ref> ==manazarta== il31qrzaxf2xotpgyqa8lvzp4yxd15b 0 153335 890148 843130 2026-08-01T14:23:30Z BnHamid 12586 sanya databox using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 890148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox organization | suna = Aspire Academy Najeriya cikakken_suna = Aspire Football Dreams Nigeria | kafa = 2007 | wuri = Najeriya | nau'i = Kwalejin haɓaka matasan 'yan ƙwallon ƙafa | alaƙa = Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar }} '''Aspire Academy Najeriya''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Aspire Football Dreams Nigeria''') shiri ne na gano da bunƙasa hazikan matasan 'yan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya wanda ke aiki ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar '''Aspire Academy''' ta ƙasar Qatar. An ƙaddamar da shirin a Najeriya a shekara ta 2007 da manufar gano ƙwararrun yara masu baiwar ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ba su horo, ilimi da damar cigaba a matakin duniya. Shirin yana gudanar da zaɓe da gwaje-gwajen ƙwallon ƙafa a jihohin Najeriya domin gano matasan da za su samu damar horo a cibiyoyin Aspire da ke Qatar da Senegal.<ref name="Nigeria Football Federation">{{cite news |title=Aspire academy hails NFF, stages ninth finals |url=https://thenff.com/aspire-academy-hails-nff-stages-ninth-finals/ |work=Nigeria Football Federation |date=16 September 2015 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria Content Online">{{cite news |title=Aspire Sports Academy commences registration in Nigeria |url=https://nigeriang.com/sports/aspire-sports-academy-commences-registration-in-nigeria/2367/ |work=Nigeria Content Online |date=8 June 2010 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Aspire Football Dreams ya fara aiki a Najeriya a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin duniya na Aspire Academy na Qatar. Shirin ya mayar da hankali ne kan gano matasa masu shekaru ƙanana daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, tare da ba su damar shiga matakan tantancewa da horaswa. Daraktan shirin a Najeriya, Kanar Sam Ahmedu (mai ritaya), ya bayyana cewa manufar shirin ita ce koyar da yara ƙa'idojin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun daga ƙuruciya tare da samar musu da ingantaccen yanayin ci gaba a harkar wasanni da ilimi.<ref name="Vanguard Nigeria">{{cite news |title=Aspire Football Dreams project begins in Lagos |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/aspire-football-dreams-project-begins-in-lagos/ |work=Vanguard Nigeria |date=16 September 2015 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> Tun bayan fara gudanar da shirin a Najeriya, dubban yara daga jihohi 36 da Babban Birnin Tarayya Abuja sun shiga matakan zaɓe. A shekarar 2015 kadai, sama da yara 700 ne suka shiga zagayen farko, inda aka rage su zuwa mutum 50 domin shiga babban zagayen ƙarshe. Daga cikin waɗannan ne ake zaɓar wasu kaɗan da za su samu damar tafiya zuwa Aspire Academy domin ci gaba da horo da karatu.<ref name="Vanguard Nigeria"/> == Haɗin gwiwa da Hukumar NFF == Aspire Football Dreams Nigeria na aiki tare da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya (NFF), wadda ta dade tana tallafa wa ayyukan shirin. Jami'an Aspire sun yaba wa NFF bisa irin gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen tabbatar da nasarar shirin a Najeriya. Haka kuma, wasu daga cikin ƙungiyoyin matasan Najeriya sun taɓa amfani da cibiyoyin Aspire Academy da ke Qatar wajen shirye-shiryen manyan gasa na duniya.<ref name="Nigeria Football Federation"/> == Fitattun 'yan wasan da suka amfana == Shirin Aspire Football Dreams ya taimaka wajen gano da haɓaka wasu fitattun 'yan wasan Najeriya. Daga cikin waɗanda suka amfana akwai '''Funsho Bamgboye''', wanda ya taka rawa a tawagar Najeriya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, da kuma '''Francis Uzoho''', wanda daga baya ya zama golan Super Eagles kuma ya fara buga gasar La Liga ta Spain bayan ya bi ta tsarin Aspire Football Dreams.<ref name="Nigeria Football Federation"/><ref>{{cite news |title=ASPIRE FOOTBALL DREAMS PLAYER UZOHO, MAKES LA LIGA DEBUT |url=https://aspire.qa/Media/News/aspire-football-dreams-player-uzoho-makes-la-liga-debut |work=Aspire Academy |date=15 October 2017 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A cewar masu gudanar da shirin, fiye da matasa 30 daga Najeriya sun samu horo ko tallafi ta hanyar Aspire Football Dreams tun bayan fara aikinsa a ƙasar. Wasu daga cikinsu sun wakilci Najeriya a matakan Golden Eaglets da Flying Eagles, yayin da wasu suka samu damar taka leda a ƙasashen waje.<ref name="Nigeria Football Federation"/><ref name="Vanguard Nigeria"/> == Manufofi == Babbar manufar Aspire Football Dreams Nigeria ita ce gano hazikan matasa masu baiwar ƙwallon ƙafa tare da samar musu da ingantaccen horo da ilimi. Shirin yana kuma ƙoƙarin taimakawa yara daga al'ummomi daban-daban su samu damar shiga manyan cibiyoyin horas da 'yan wasa na duniya, tare da ƙarfafa ci gaban wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref name="Nigeria Football Federation"/><ref name="Nigeria Content Online"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://aspire.qa/ Aspire Academy Official Website] * [https://thenff.com/ Nigeria Football Federation] [[Rukuni:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Kwalejojin koyar da kwallon kafa]] [[Rukuni:An kafa su a 2007 a Najeriya]] mlh2ql4iaa7d61n5pe07c7fhwsytaxt 0 153481 890184 843427 2026-08-01T14:45:12Z BnHamid 12586 890184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lipolelo Thabane''' (1959 - 14 ga Yuni, 2017) ta kasance 'yar siyasa ce ta [[Lesotho|Mosotho]] kuma matar Firayim Minista Tom Thabane . An kashe ta a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2017, kwana biyu kafin a rantsar da mijinta. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Lipolelo Thabane a Basutoland a cikin dangin 'yan uwa biyar, daga cikinsu ita ce ƙarama. Tana da 'ya'ya biyu kuma ita ce matar Tom Thabane ta biyu, wacce ta auri a shekarar 1987. An harbe ta kuma an kashe ta yayin da take tuki zuwa gida a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2017, a Ha Masana, kwana biyu kafin a rantsar da Tom Thabane a matsayin Firayim Minista na Lesotho . A lokacin tashin hankali na siyasa a Masarautar Lesotho, Lipolelo Thabane ya koma birnin Sandton na Afirka ta Kudu, Johannesburg . Duk da halin da ta ke ciki na saki daga Tom Thabane, kotun ta ayyana uwargidansa ta farko ta Lesotho a lokacin da Thabane ta fara tsayawa matsayin Firayim Minista, maimakon sabon matarsa ta al'ada. An bayar da wannan ne bisa ga cewa ba a ba da izinin saki da suka shigar ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lesotho first lady 'attacked' at home days before being shot dead |url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/260603/lesotho-first-lady-attacked-at-home-days-before-being-shot-dead |access-date=2017-11-21 |website=702 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SADC Wrap: Murder mystery in Lesotho while MPs suspended in Zambia {{!}} Daily Maverick |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-06-18-sadc-wrap-murder-mystery-in-lesotho-while-mps-suspended-in-zambia/#.WhQvl0qRqMo |access-date=2017-11-21 |website=www.dailymaverick.co.za |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, an bincika Maesiah Thabane, matar Tom Thabane ta yanzu, saboda kisan Lipolelo Thabane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKenzie |first=David |last2=Swails |first2=Brent |date=2020-02-12 |title=Murder investigation grips tiny kingdom of Lesotho |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/12/africa/lesotho-pm-wife-murder-probe-intl/index.html |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=CNN}}</ref> == Manazarta == <te{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] lhq1omx3593c9g734chhbf5xtexm3ep 890185 890184 2026-08-01T14:45:20Z BnHamid 12586 /* Manazarta */ 890185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lipolelo Thabane''' (1959 - 14 ga Yuni, 2017) ta kasance 'yar siyasa ce ta [[Lesotho|Mosotho]] kuma matar Firayim Minista Tom Thabane . An kashe ta a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2017, kwana biyu kafin a rantsar da mijinta. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Lipolelo Thabane a Basutoland a cikin dangin 'yan uwa biyar, daga cikinsu ita ce ƙarama. Tana da 'ya'ya biyu kuma ita ce matar Tom Thabane ta biyu, wacce ta auri a shekarar 1987. An harbe ta kuma an kashe ta yayin da take tuki zuwa gida a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2017, a Ha Masana, kwana biyu kafin a rantsar da Tom Thabane a matsayin Firayim Minista na Lesotho . A lokacin tashin hankali na siyasa a Masarautar Lesotho, Lipolelo Thabane ya koma birnin Sandton na Afirka ta Kudu, Johannesburg . Duk da halin da ta ke ciki na saki daga Tom Thabane, kotun ta ayyana uwargidansa ta farko ta Lesotho a lokacin da Thabane ta fara tsayawa matsayin Firayim Minista, maimakon sabon matarsa ta al'ada. An bayar da wannan ne bisa ga cewa ba a ba da izinin saki da suka shigar ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lesotho first lady 'attacked' at home days before being shot dead |url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/260603/lesotho-first-lady-attacked-at-home-days-before-being-shot-dead |access-date=2017-11-21 |website=702 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SADC Wrap: Murder mystery in Lesotho while MPs suspended in Zambia {{!}} Daily Maverick |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-06-18-sadc-wrap-murder-mystery-in-lesotho-while-mps-suspended-in-zambia/#.WhQvl0qRqMo |access-date=2017-11-21 |website=www.dailymaverick.co.za |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, an bincika Maesiah Thabane, matar Tom Thabane ta yanzu, saboda kisan Lipolelo Thabane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKenzie |first=David |last2=Swails |first2=Brent |date=2020-02-12 |title=Murder investigation grips tiny kingdom of Lesotho |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/12/africa/lesotho-pm-wife-murder-probe-intl/index.html |access-date=2020-02-12 |website=CNN}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 0bo3eanvc4hxdiicm3aa2x33k0vnamu 0 153905 890074 881166 2026-08-01T12:01:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} the '''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti''' tashar jiragen ruwa ce da ke [[Jibuti (birni)|Djibouti]], babban birnin [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] . Tana da matukar muhimmanci a mahadar daya daga cikin hanyoyin jigilar kaya mafi cunkoso a duniya, wacce ta hada [[Turai]], Gabas Mai Nisa, Gabashin Afirka da Tekun Farisa . Tashar jiragen ruwa tana aiki a matsayin babbar cibiyar jigilar mai da jigilar kaya da kuma hanyoyin sufuri, kuma ita ce babbar hanyar shiga teku don shigo da kaya daga makwabciyar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . <ref name="Ciafbdj">{{Cite web |title=CIA World Factbook - Djibouti |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105205035/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti/ |archive-date=January 5, 2021 |access-date=February 27, 2013 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa jiragen ruwa 2,500 ne ke wucewa ta tashar jiragen ruwa a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Djibouti ramps up efforts to get seafarers stranded by coronavirus off ships {{!}} Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/djibouti-ramps-up-efforts-to-get-seafarers-stranded-by-coronavirus-off-ships/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.hellenicshippingnews.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tattalin arzikin Djibouti ya dogara sosai kan matsayin tashar jiragen ruwanta mai mahimmanci tunda kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan jigilar kayayyaki na yau da kullun a duniya yana ratsa yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Afirka]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=11 May 2021 |title=Spying and stability: Djibouti thrives in 'return to cold war' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/418b5250-f7fa-4ad3-837f-871dd259ec87 |website=Financial Times}}</ref> Tashar jiragen ruwan ta kasance tsakiyar takaddamar shari'a tsakanin kamfanin DP World da gwamnatin Djibouti tun daga shekarar 2018, lokacin da aka soke yarjejeniyar tashar jiragen ruwan DP World ta hanyar umarnin shugaban ƙasa. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Ruling by London Tribunal Says Djibouti Acted Illegally |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/ruling-by-london-tribunal-says-djibouti-acted-illegally |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa da Yankuna Masu 'Yanci ta Djibouti (DPFZA) ita ce hukumar gwamnati da ke kula da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Djibouti da sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa a ƙasar. Ƙungiyar kuma tana kula da yankunan 'yanci na ƙasa, tana aiki a matsayin hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanonin da ke aiki a ciki da sauran hukumomin gwamnati. Hukumar DPFZA tana ƙarƙashin Ofishin Shugaban Ƙasa kuma a halin yanzu tana ƙarƙashin shugabancin Aboubaker Omar Hadi. <ref name="DPFZA">{{Cite web |title=DPFZA |url=http://www.djiboutifz.com/en/about-us/partners/dpfza.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130929153011/http://www.djiboutifz.com/en/about-us/partners/dpfza.html |archive-date=29 September 2013 |access-date=29 September 2013 |publisher=Djibouti Ports & Free Zones Authority}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Message from the Chairman {{!}} DPFZA |url=http://www.dpfza.gov.dj/message-chairman |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.dpfza.gov.dj}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Pilling |first=David |date=1 June 2021 |title=Two Ethiopian projects show 'railpolitik' in action |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cc1dc93d-d3d0-4728-8521-14734199c58d |website=Financial Times}}</ref> === Kasuwancin Habasha === Kashi 70 cikin 100 na kayan da ke tashar jiragen ruwa ana jigilar su ne zuwa ko daga Habasha, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 95% na kasuwancin waje na Habasha mara ruwa. Tashar tasha ta rasa hanyar jirgin kasa kai tsaye zuwa Habasha lokacin da aka yi watsi da titin dogo na Ethio-Djibouti . Titin dogo na Addis Ababa-Djibouti, wanda aka buɗe a cikin 2018, yana tafiya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Doraleh da ke kusa. <ref name="toprank">{{Cite web |last=Ivudria |first=Godfrey |date=2021-05-11 |title=Djibouti Port Ranked Top in Africa |url=https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615034155/https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |archive-date=June 15, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=East African Business Week |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> Duk da haka, saboda Habasha ta dage cewa za a samar da wutar lantarki, tana fuskantar matsalolin wutar lantarki kuma ta haka ta ci gaba da kasancewa a bayan tsammanin isar da kayayyaki, tare da yawancin kayan da ke isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Habasha ta hanya. <ref name=":1" /> === Sojojin ruwan ƙasashen waje === Matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa a [[Tekun Aden]] mai mahimmanci ya sanya ta zama muhimmiyar sansanin soja ga sansanonin soja guda biyar na Manyan Daular, inda take samun dala miliyan 125 a kowace shekara a cikin hayar daga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Sin|China]], [[Faransa]], [[Japan]] da [[Italiya]] idan aka haɗa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-07-11 |title=Djibouti: A Busy Hub of Foreign Military Bases on the Horn of Africa |url=https://insidearabia.com/djibouti-a-busy-hub-of-foreign-military-bases-on-the-horn-of-africa/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Inside Arabia |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka tana nan a tashar jiragen ruwa, bayan ta mayar da sansanin Lemonnier sansaninta na Afirka guda ɗaya tilo a ƙoƙarinta na yaƙi da Ta'addanci a Duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=US Military Bases in Djibouti |url=https://militarybases.com/overseas/djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Military Bases |language=en-US}}</ref> Tana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa don magance barazanar ta'addanci da al-Shabaab, wata ƙungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Somaliya mai alaƙa da al-Qaeda, ke haifarwa, da kuma yaƙi da 'yan fashin teku a yankin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sun |first=Degang |last2=Zoubir |first2=Yahia H. |date=2016 |title=The Eagle's Nest in the Horn of Africa: US Military Strategic Deployment in Djibouti |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=111–124 |doi=10.1177/000203971605100107 |issn=0002-0397 |jstor=43941307 |s2cid=156649121 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa tana da sojoji 5,000 a Djibouti, wanda hakan ya sanya tashar jiragen ruwa ta zama babbar sansanin sojojin Faransa a ƙasashen waje. <ref name=":2"/> Faransa kuma tana karɓar bakuncin Jamus da Spain yayin da Italiya ke da nata sansanin a ƙasar. Sansanin soja na ƙasashen waje ɗaya tilo da Japan ke da shi shi ma yana Djibouti kuma yanzu ana sa ran faɗaɗa shi a matsayin wani abu da zai mayar da martani ga ƙaruwar tasirin China. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahir |first=Abdi Latif |date=18 August 2017 |title=How a tiny African country became the world's key military base |url=https://qz.com/africa/1056257/how-a-tiny-african-country-became-the-worlds-key-military-base/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref> [[Sin|China]] ta bude sansanin tallafawa sojojin ruwanta kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da ke Djibouti a shekarar 2017, sansanin sojinta na farko a kasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-20 |title=AFRICOM: Chinese Naval Base in Africa Set to Support Aircraft Carriers |url=https://news.usni.org/2021/04/20/africom-chinese-naval-base-in-africa-set-to-support-aircraft-carriers |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=USNI News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Jetty_of_the_Port_of_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Katin Wasikar Faransa daga farkon ƙarni na 20: Jetty na Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta [[Jibuti (birni)|Djibouti]] .]] [[Fayil:Portdedjibouti.jpg|thumb|Jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti.]] [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] a matsayin babbar hanyar shiga teku kuma babbar hanyar ciniki tsakanin Gabas da Yamma ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru 3,500, lokacin binciken teku na [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Port de Djibouti – PMAESA |url=https://www.pmaesa.org/member/port-de-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en}}</ref> Tekun Ja wuri ne mai mahimmanci tsakanin Arewa maso Gabashin Afirka da [[Yankin Larabawa]], wuri ne na haɗuwa da wucewa da Masarawa, [[Phoenicia|Phoeniyanci]], Ptolemaists, [[Romawa na Da|Romawa]], Girkawa, [[Daular Rumawa|Byzantines]], Larabawa, sannan Turawa suka yi amfani da shi wajen neman hanyar kayan ƙanshi . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Port History – PORT DE DJIBOUTI |url=https://www.portdedjibouti.com/port-history/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202413/https://www.portdedjibouti.com/port-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amincewa da ita ta zo ne da buɗewar [[Suez canal|Madatsar Ruwa ta Suez]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Suez canal {{!}} Patrimoines Partagés تراث مشترك |url=https://heritage.bnf.fr/bibliothequesorient/en/the-suez-canal-art |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=heritage.bnf.fr |archive-date=2021-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623112152/https://heritage.bnf.fr/bibliothequesorient/en/the-suez-canal-art |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tashar jiragen ruwan ta samo asali ne daga binciken da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] ke yi na tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma gabar tekun Djibouti ta samar da hanyoyin shiga cikin sauƙi da kuma wuraren da za a iya ajiye jiragen ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A safe harbor in Djibouti - OPEC Fund for International Development |url=https://opecfund.org/news/a-safe-harbor-in-djibouti |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=OPEC Fund |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203813/https://opecfund.org/news/a-safe-harbor-in-djibouti |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fara aikin layin dogo na Ethio-Djibouti na Faransa-Ethiopia a shekarar 1897 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1917, inda ya haɗa babban birnin [[Addis Ababa]] na Habasha da tashar jiragen ruwan Djibouti. Kammala layin dogo ya ƙara yawan kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwan. <ref>{{Citation|url-status=Volterra|access-date=Zaccaria}}</ref> Ci gaban tashar jiragen ruwa ya ƙaru tsakanin 1948 da 1957 ta hanyar gina magudanar ruwa guda huɗu masu zurfi da kuma haƙa hanyoyin shiga tashar jiragen ruwa. A kan ƙasa, an gina sabbin rumbunan ajiya da wuraren adana mai, an samar da wutar lantarki da ruwa da kuma shimfida layukan jirgin ƙasa. A shekarar 1952, kamfanin mai na Faransa ''Pétroles de Somalie'' (wanda yanzu ake kira [[Total|Total SA]] ) ya gina jirgin ruwansa na farko, kuma a shekarar 1956, an kafa Mobil Oil a Djibouti. Tsakanin 1960 da 1970, an haɓaka ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar sadarwa ta musayar jiragen ruwa ta duniya. <ref name=":3"/> Tekun Bahar Maliya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin jigilar kaya mafi cunkoso a duniya, kuma Djibouti ta sami kanta a matsayin tashar sabis. Yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ya ninka sau huɗu a cikin shekaru goma daga 1954, inda ya kai kololuwar tan miliyan 1.8 a 1965. Matsayin da Djibouti take da shi na musamman ya ba wa hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa damar mayar da tashar jiragen ruwa cibiyar yankin Tekun Ja da Tekun Indiya, da kuma Turai, Afirka da Asiya. Tsarin kwantena shi ne babban abin da ke bayan wannan sabon lokacin ci gaba kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta zamani ta farko ta Djibouti ta fara aiki a watan Fabrairun 1985. <ref name=":4"/> Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1994, Djibouti ta fuskanci yakin basasa wanda ya gurgunta tattalin arzikin kasar. A farkon shekarun 2000, layin dogo na Habasha da Djibouti ya lalace saboda rashin kulawa. <ref name="modernisation">{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway Line Modernisation - Railway Technology |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/ethiopia-djibouti-railway-line-modernisation/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.railway-technology.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan == Ta hanyar shirinta na Belt and Road, China ta zama muhimmiyar abokiyar ciniki da soja ga Djibouti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=China Consolidates Its Commercial Foothold in Djibouti |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/china-consolidates-its-commercial-foothold-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Tsakanin 2011 da 2016, Sinawa sun gina layin dogo mai karfin ma'auni mai karfin gaske don maye gurbin layin dogo na Faransa na zamanin mulkin mallaka. Layin dogo na Addis Ababa-Djibouti ya tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da ke kusa kuma ya dawo da hanyar jirgin kasa ta Habasha zuwa teku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=China and Ethiopia, Part 2: The Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/china-and-ethiopia-part-2-the-addis-ababa-djibouti-railway/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-12 |title=On board the Chinese-built Ethiopia to Djibouti train |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2177559/board-chinese-built-ethiopia-djibouti-train-lesson |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Shi ne layin dogo na zamani na farko mai amfani da wutar lantarki a Gabashin Afirka. <ref name="modernisation"/> A watan Satumba na 2013, an fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Damerjog, wacce China Merchants Group da gwamnatin Djibouti suka dauki nauyin ginawa, kuma kamfanin gine-ginen farar hula na [[CCECC|China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation]] (CCECC) ne ya gina ta. Yanzu ana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa don dabbobi, layin jigilar kaya, wurin gyara jiragen ruwa, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Djibouti Port SA - Damerjog Livestock Port - Details on ZAWYA MENA Edition |url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/project/180918040142/djibouti-port-sa-damerjog-livestock-port/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-13 |title=Djibouti Starts Construction of Two Major Ports |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-starts-construction-of-two-major-ports/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, an fara aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh mai amfani da yawa. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh yanzu ta rage cunkoso a tashar jiragen ruwa ta asali ta Djibouti, inda ta ƙara tan miliyan 29 na ƙarfin aiki a kowace shekara. A watan Janairun 2021, Bankin Duniya da kuma IHS Markit's Global Container Port Performance Index sun sanya tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti a matsayin mafi kyawun tashar jiragen ruwa ta kwantena a Afirka kuma ta 61 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Djibouti Ranked Top Port In Africa In World Bank And Ihs Markit Report On Container Ports {{!}} Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/djibouti-ranked-top-port-in-africa-in-world-bank-and-ihs-markit-report-on-container-ports/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.hellenicshippingnews.com |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205543/https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/djibouti-ranked-top-port-in-africa-in-world-bank-and-ihs-markit-report-on-container-ports/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar rahoton, "jiragen ruwa suna yin matsakaicin lokaci na ƙasa da kwana ɗaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi inganci a duniya". <ref name="toprank"/> Wannan ya ɗaga bege a cikin kula da tashar jiragen ruwa cewa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti za ta iya "zama Singapore ta gaba". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=1 June 2021 |title=Djibouti's port dream to become the 'Singapore of Africa' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/15aefce3-2e6b-4e1a-b480-bfc066f7d8dd |website=Financial Times}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2021, Kenya ta fara aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lamu wadda aka tsara don ƙirƙirar hanyar sufuri tsakanin tsibiran Lamu, Sudan ta Kudu da Habasha. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=New Kenyan Port Aims to Be East Africa's Biggest |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-05-24/supply-chains-latest-new-kenyan-port-in-lamu-aims-to-be-east-africa-s-biggest |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Abishek |title=A Chinese-built port in the Indian Ocean: The story of Kenya's Lamu port |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/a-chinese-built-port-in-the-indian-ocean-the-story-of-kenyas-lamu-port/ |website=Observer Research Foundation}}</ref> Kamfanin Gine-gine na China Communications ne ke gina tashar. Ganin cewa tashar jiragen ruwa za ta yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki, ana sa ran za ta jawo hankalin manyan layukan jigilar kaya kuma za ta iya fara gogayya da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kilaka |first=Benard Musembi |last2=Bachmann |first2=Jan |title=Kenya launches Lamu port. But its value remains an open question |url=http://theconversation.com/kenya-launches-lamu-port-but-its-value-remains-an-open-question-161301 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> === Takaddama === An yi suka ga tasirin da China ke yi a Djibouti, musamman ta hanyar sansanin sojinta, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a matsayin wanda ya fi amfanar da kwanciyar hankalin tsarin siyasa na yanzu fiye da na kasar kanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-31 |title=How Djibouti became a microcosm of China's growing foothold in Africa |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/africa/article/3044010/china-has-grand-strategic-plan-we-dont-how-djibouti-became |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Tiny but mighty: Djibouti's role in geopolitics {{!}} DW {{!}} 08.04.2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/tiny-but-mighty-djiboutis-role-in-geopolitics/a-57136069 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ganin cewa jimillar jarin da China ta zuba a kasar ya kai dala miliyan 853 tsakanin 2005 da 2019 da kuma bashin kudi da China ke bin ta wanda ya yi daidai da kashi 30% <ref name=":0"/> na jimillar bashin Djibouti, China ta zama babbar abokiyar ciniki da soja ga kasar Afirka. Masu sharhi kan harkokin siyasa sun bayyana cewa wannan dogaro ba wai kawai yana damun kudin kasar ba ne, har ma da karuwar kasancewar sojojin China a kasar barazana ce ga zaman lafiyar yankin da ke da dabarun kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Amy |title=Will Djibouti Become Latest Country to Fall Into China's Debt Trap? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/07/31/will-djibouti-become-latest-country-to-fall-into-chinas-debt-trap/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sun |first=Yun |date=2018-10-02 |title=Djibouti: What Europe should understand of China's approach to military expansion |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/opinion/djibouti-what-europe-should-understand-of-chinas-approach-to-military-expansion/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.euractiv.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, yanayin saka hannun jari a ƙasashen waje na Djibouti ya shiga cikin shakku lokacin da gwamnatin Djibouti ta sayar da yarjejeniyar Doraleh Container Terminal, wacce a lokacin DP World ce ke kula da ita a Dubai, ga wani mai fafatawa da ita a China Merchants Ports Holdings. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Dahir |first=Abdi Latif |date=28 February 2019 |title=A legal tussle over a strategic African port sets up a challenge for China's Belt and Road plan |url=https://qz.com/africa/1560998/djibouti-dp-world-port-case-challenges-chinas-belt-and-road/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2018, an soke yarjejeniyar DP World ta hanyar umarnin shugaban ƙasa kuma an mayar da kadarorin DP World ga kamfanin gwamnati na China bayan wata sabuwar doka da ta ba da damar "sake yin shawarwari da kuma dakatar da kwangilolin da aka kammala da suka shafi 'sarrafa ko gudanar da kayayyakin more rayuwa na zamani'". <ref name=":5" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2018 |title=DP World accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing container terminal |url=https://www.ft.com/content/de2d4d88-1867-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44 |website=Financial Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-26 |title=DP World wins ruling against Djibouti over seized port |url=https://apnews.com/article/djibouti-middle-east-united-arab-emirates-ethiopia-dubai-8d3e1302a9e5f604c117653a70f67e78 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=AP NEWS}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, Kotun Sasantawa ta Duniya ta Landan ta yanke hukunci kan DP World, inda ta bayyana cewa kwace tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da Djibouti ta yi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma za a dawo da haƙƙoƙin mallaka na asali. <ref name=":6"/> Kotun ta riga ta umarci ƙasar da ta biya DP World diyyar dala miliyan 533. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dudley |first=Dominic |title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Jimilla, an yanke hukunci shida a tsawon shekaru don goyon bayan DP World, duk waɗanda gwamnatin Djibouti ta yi watsi da su, a cewar kamfanin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gibbon |first=Gavin |date=14 January 2020 |title=DP World wins sixth legal ruling in $1bn Djibouti port dispute |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/transport/437554-dp-world-wins-sixth-legal-ruling-in-1bn-djibouti-port-dispute |website=Arabian Business}}</ref> Bayan kin amincewa da hukuncin a watan Janairun 2020, Djibouti ta miƙa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hannun jarin tashar ga China Merchants Ports Holdings. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gibz6epyunm21iaws0q1dbda0buvqy2 0 153945 890075 844766 2026-08-01T12:03:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh''' wani fadada ce ta [[tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti]], wacce take da lamba 5&nbsp;kilomita yamma da [[Jibuti (birni)|birnin Djibouti]] . Tashar jiragen ruwa mai amfani da yawa tana da tashoshi don sarrafa mai, manyan kaya, kwantena da dabbobi. Kamfanin DP World da China Merchants Holdings ne suka mallaki ta kuma suka sarrafa ta, har sai da gwamnatin Djibouti ta kwace matatar kwantena a watan Fabrairun 2018. <ref name="DP-World">{{Cite web |last=DP World – Doraleh |title=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |publisher=DP World – Doraleh}}</ref> Sansanin soja na farko na China a ƙasashen waje yana kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Strategy in Djibouti: Mixing Commercial and Military Interests |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/chinas-strategy-djibouti-mixing-commercial-and-military-interests |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh mai amfani da yawa === Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh Multipurpose (DMP) tana da jimillar tashoshin jiragen ruwa 15 a kan manyan hanyoyi 4.&nbsp;Tashar jiragen ruwa mai tsawon kilomita . Ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa an keɓe shi ne don amfani da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta China, wacce ke da sansani a gefen yamma na tashar jiragen ruwa. Duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna da hanyar shiga kai tsaye zuwa Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Addis Ababa-Djibouti, wanda ke ba wa Habasha hanyar shiga jirgin ƙasa zuwa teku. Ana kiran tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar manyan ayyukan jigilar kaya a yankin, ciki har da: <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=Djibouti government seizes container terminal |url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/djibouti-government-seizes-container-terminal |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=FreightWaves |language=en-US}}</ref> * OCEAN Alliance Red Sea Express 2 * Layin Maersk na Kahon Afirka * Layin Maersk MECL * MSC Ostiraliya Express * CMA CGM da Hapag-Lloyd EPIC1/IPAK * CMA CGM Mona Express * CMA CGM da kuma Emirates Swahili Express * CMA CGM da COSCO India Gabas ta Tsakiyar Tekun Mediterranean Express * Sabis na PIL na Tekun Ja * Jirgin Ruwa na COSCO da Yang Ming Red Sea Express ==== tashar dabbobi ==== An ƙaddamar da tashar dabbobi ta Doraleh Multipurpose Port a watan Janairun 2021 tare da haɗin gwiwar Habasha. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=Ethiopia, Djibouti inaugurate Doraleh-Multipurpose Port livestock terminal |url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2021/01/17/ethiopia-djibouti-inaugurate-doraleh-multipurpose-port-livestock-terminal/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Horn Diplomat |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930141046/https://www.horndiplomat.com/2021/01/17/ethiopia-djibouti-inaugurate-doraleh-multipurpose-port-livestock-terminal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cibiyar za ta iya kula da dabbobi miliyan 2.5 a kowace shekara, ko kuma raƙuma 1,000, shanu 500 da kuma akuya ko tumaki 4,270 a kowace rana. Tashar ta kuma haɗa da wuraren hutawa da ayyukan keɓewa ga dabbobin kafin a jigilar su. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Djibouti partners with Ethiopia in opening livestock exclusive terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port |url=https://www.foodbusinessafrica.com/djibouti-partners-with-ethiopia-in-opening-livestock-exclusive-terminal-at-doraleh-multipurpose-port/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.foodbusinessafrica.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === Tashar kwantena === [[Fayil:The_container_terminal_at_the_Port_of_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Tashar kwantena a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti.]] Kamfanin jigilar kaya na Dubai DP World ne ya gina ''Kamfanin De Gestion Du Terminal A Conteneur De Doraleh (SGTD; wanda a da ake kira Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT))'' a shekarar 2009 bayan da Djibouti ta amince da kwangilar shekaru 30 a shekarar 2006. <ref name="styan">{{Cite journal |last=Styan |first=David |date=2016 |title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf |journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=79–91 |doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316 |s2cid=133045969}}</ref> Kwantiragin yana ɗaya daga cikin wasu da DP World ta lashe a yankin, ciki har da wanda aka yi a Berbera, Somaliland. <ref name="afpdhaka2" /> Tashar jiragen ruwa ta SGTD tana da tsawon mita 1050 tare da zurfin mita 18 kuma tana iya ɗaukar TEU miliyan 1.25. Cibiyar kuma tana da cranes guda takwas na kwantena na Super-post-Panamax . Tashar mai ta ENOC tana kusa da SGTD. <ref name="styan"/> Tashar ita ce mafi girman ma'aikaci a Djibouti kuma babbar hanyar samun kudaden shiga. A watan Maris na 2011, Hukumar Tsaron Makamashin Nukiliya ta Amurka (NNSA) ta sanya kayan aikin gano hasken rana a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Djibouti, ciki har da tashar kwantena, wanda ke ba da damar duba kwantena na kaya don gano abubuwan nukiliya masu haɗari da sauran kayan rediyoaktif. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=U.S., Djibouti Commission Radiation Detection Equipment at the Port of Djibouti - National Nuclear Security Administration Press release {{!}} LegiStorm |url=https://www.legistorm.com/stormfeed/view_rss/964778/organization/91705/title/us-djibouti-commission-radiation-detection-equipment-at-the-port-of-djibouti-national-nuclear-security-administration-press-release-legistorm.html |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.legistorm.com |language=en}}</ref> Kayan aikin wani ɓangare ne na aikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin NNSA da Ma'aikatar Kayan Aiki da Sufuri ta Djibouti wanda aka fara a 2009. <ref name=":1" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, an bayyana SGTD a matsayin tashar kwantena mafi ci gaba a nahiyar Afirka. A shekarar 2016, kwantena 914,300 sun ratsa ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2017 |title=Djibouti Prepares for Mega Project Opening |url=https://www.porttechnology.org/news/djibouti_finishing_590_million_project |access-date=6 December 2018 |website=Porttechnology.org}}</ref> ==== Rikicin Djibouti da DP World ==== A shekarar 2014, gwamnatin Djibouti ta zargi DP World da bayar da cin hanci ga shugaban hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa, Abdourahman Boreh, kuma ta bayyana cewa kwangilar aiki ba ta dace ba. Wata kotun kasuwanci ta Landan ta wanke Boreh daga aikata ba daidai ba a shekarar 2016. <ref name="apgambrell2" /> A watan Nuwamba na 2017, Djibouti ta zartar da doka da ta ba ta damar sake yin shawarwari kan kwangiloli da suka shafi kayayyakin more rayuwa na zamani. A watan Fabrairun 2018, bisa umarnin shugaban kasa Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, gwamnatin Djibouti ta kwace ginin ta kuma sanya shi karkashin ikon kamfanin Doraleh Container Terminal Management Company mallakar gwamnati, tana mai jayayya cewa kwangilar DP World ta keta ikon mallakar Djibouti. A martanin da ta mayar, DP world ta fara wata sabuwar shari'a ta sulhu a Landan kan dakatar da kwangilar shekaru 30 ta kula da tashar jiragen ruwa, don samun "diyya ga karya ko kwace musu kaya." Gwamnatin Djibouti ta ce za ta shiga "tsarin diyya na yau da kullun" don biyan kudin kasa. An kafa wannan ƙasa ne yayin da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] ta faɗaɗa tasirinta a kewayen Tekun Ja da Gabashin Afirka. A mahadar Tekun Ja da [[Tekun Aden]], kuma tana kusa da mashigar Bab el-Mandeb, Djibouti ta mamaye wani matsayi mai mahimmanci kuma tana karɓar sansanonin sojojin Amurka, Sin, Faransa da Italiya. <ref name="apgambrell2" /> A cewar Al-Jazeera, dangantaka tsakanin kamfanin da ke UAE da Djibouti ta yi tsami bayan da Djibouti ta hana UAE izinin gina sansanin soja a yankinta. Bayan kwace tashar daga DP World, gwamnatin Djibouti ta bai wa China Merchants Ports Holdings (ta hanyar reshenta na China Merchants Group ) kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hannun jarin tashar, a cikin abin da wasu masu sharhi suka nuna "zai iya wakiltar biyan bashin da ake bin China da kamfanonin gwamnati masu alaƙa." <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=China's Engagement in Djibouti |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF11304.pdf |website=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, wata kotun da ke Kotun Sasantawa ta Duniya ta Landan ta yanke hukunci kan ikirarin gwamnatin Djibouti na cewa yarjejeniyar DP World ba ta dace ba, kuma ta umarci gwamnati da ta biya diyya ga DP World. A shekarar 2018, Babbar Kotun London ta haramta wa kamfanin tashar jiragen ruwa na gwamnatin Djibouti yin katsalandan ga harkokin gudanarwa na DCT. Kamar yadda hukuncin ya tanada, gwamnatin Djibouti "ba za ta yi kamar an dakatar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da DP World ba". <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=English High Court continues restraint against Djibouti Port Company over shares in Joint Venture |url=http://venturesafrica.com/apostories/english-high-court-continues-restraint-against-djibouti-port-company-over-shares-in-joint-venture/ |access-date= |website=}}</ref> Tun daga watan Janairun 2021, kotunan London guda bakwai ne suka yi nasara a shari'o'in shari'a, inda a watan Yulin wannan shekarar aka yanke hukunci "wanda ya tabbatar da haramcin matakin Djibouti na dakatar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da kuma mayar da hannun jarinta ga jihar." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-13 |title=Djibouti terminal dispute: Court rules in favor of DP World |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-terminal-dispute-court-rules-in-favor-of-dp-world/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani hukunci da aka yanke a baya a watan Janairun 2020 ya bukaci Djibouti ta biya diyya dala miliyan 533 ga DP World. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dudley |first=Dominic |title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Wani bincike mai zaman kansa ya kiyasta asarar DP World ta kai sama da dala biliyan 1. A cewar DP World, Djibouti ta yi watsi da duk hukunce-hukuncen duk da cewa kwangilar farko ta rangwamen tana karkashin dokokin Ingila . A watan Satumba na shekarar 2022, DP World ta sake samun wani hukunci a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Hong Kong, wadda ta yi watsi da sabuwar bukatar da China Merchants Port Holdings ta gabatar. DP World da kamfanin hadin gwiwa na Doraleh Container Terminal suna gabatar da karar biliyoyin daloli kan China Merchants, suna zargin cewa hakan ya sa gwamnatin Djibouti ta kori DP World daga kasar ta kuma mika tashar Doraleh ga China Merchants. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=DP World wins latest judgement in Hong Kong Court over Djibouti concession |url=https://www.dpworld.com/news/releases/dp-world-wins-latest-judgement-over-djibouti-concession/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=DP World}}</ref> === Tashar mai === An tsara wannan matattarar mai ne don ɗaukar jiragen ruwa masu tsawon mita ^20. Tana da ƙarfin adanawa na mita 370,000. Kamfanin Horizon Djibouti Terminal Limited (HDTL) ne ke kula da ita, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin babban mai taimakawa tattalin arziki a Djibouti. Tana son ƙirƙirar cibiyar samar da iskar gas ta gida don samar da hydrocarbons na yanki da na duniya. Djibouti, a gefen kudu na [[Red Sea|Tekun Bahar Maliya]], tana kan layin jigilar mai mai faɗi, kuma saboda haka tana ba da damar shiga kasuwannin wasu ƙasashe a yankin Afirka . <ref name="DP-World"/> An ƙera tashar jiragen ruwa da farko don yin jigilar mai sau 12 a shekara, yanzu haka tashar jiragen ruwan ta cika da lodin mai sau 28 saboda yawan buƙatar mai daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda hakan ke tilasta wa jiragen ruwa su jira lokacin da za su isa teku. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title=Ethiopia's oil supply constrained by Djibouti logistics battle |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/23719/ethiopias-oil-supply-constrained-by-djibouti-logistics-battle/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da aikin faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwan don ƙara ƙarin mita 100,000 na cubic mita zuwa mita 370,000 na yanzu. <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] szfin7dfh8sjt2jpmq45sdmacewogfh 0 154130 890108 845151 2026-08-01T12:25:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''Tashar jiragen ruwa na Tobruk''' ( Arabic ) tashar jiragen ruwa ce da ke Tobruk, [[Libya]] . An buɗe ta a shekarar 1986, kuma tana gabashin Libya kusa da kan iyakar Masar - kimanin {{Convert|450|km|mi}} gabashin [[Benghazi]] . Shiga babban tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa tana tsakanin [[Tobruk Point|wurin Tobruk]] ( == Tarihi == Tobruk a da can wuri ne na tarihi na Antipyrgos, wanda ke ba da babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ga ƙasashen Hellene. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=White |first=Donald |last2=White |first2=Arthur P. |date=1996-01-01 |title=Coastal Sites of Northeast Africa: The Case Against Bronze Age Ports |journal=Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt |volume=33 |pages=11–30 |doi=10.2307/40000602 |jstor=40000602}}</ref> Ba a taɓa yin bincike mai zurfi kan tashar jiragen ruwa don gano abubuwan tarihi don tantance amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa a wannan lokacin ba. <ref name=":1" /> A lokacin [[Italiya ta mamaye Libya|Yaƙin Italiya da Turkiyya]] a shekarar 1911, Tobruk ya kasance wurin saukar sojojin Italiya 35,000 ƙarƙashin jagorancin {{Interlanguage link|Carlo Canvey|it}} . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=KOPANSKI |first=ATAULLAH BOGDAN |date=1993-01-01 |title=Islam in Italy and in ITS Libyan Colony (720-1992) |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=191–204 |jstor=20840121}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, tashar jiragen ruwa, ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin ruwa masu mahimmanci a Arewacin Afirka, ta sami ƙarfi daga sojojin Birtaniya da Indiya 12,000 da kuma sojojin Australiya 14,000. Tun daga watan Afrilun 1941 zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba 1941, janar na Jamus [[Erwin Rommel]] ya kewaye tashar jiragen ruwa yana kewaye da sojojin wanda ya haifar da [[Siege of Tobruk|Kawancen Tobruk]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The rats of Tobruk {{!}} Ergo |url=http://ergo.slv.vic.gov.au/explore-history/australia-wwii/abroad-wwii/rats-tobruk |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=ergo.slv.vic.gov.au}}</ref> A shekarun 1960, an tura mai mai yawa daga filin Sarir zuwa Tobruk don lodawa a kan jiragen ruwa, saboda man ba shi da aminci a ɗora shi a teku. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blake |first=G. H. |date=1969-01-01 |title=Oil Production in Libya |journal=Geography |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=221–223 |jstor=40566791}}</ref> An gina tashar jiragen ruwa a ƙarshen 1966. An fitar da jigilar mai ta farko a January 10, 1967 BP ce ke gudanar da ita har zuwa 1971, lokacin da aka mayar da reshen kamfanin na Libya ƙasa. Sakamakon Yaƙin Basasa na Libya, an rufe tashar jiragen ruwa na ɗan lokaci saboda rikici tsakanin masu zanga-zanga da sojojin gwamnati kuma an sake buɗe ta a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2011 don fitar da mai. An sake buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa jim kaɗan bayan ƙarshen yakin basasar. Ya zuwa watan Agusta na 2014, duk zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa daga Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Benghazi za a karkatar da su zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tobruk saboda rufe tashar jiragen ruwa da ke Benghazi sakamakon rikicin bayan yaƙin basasar da aka ci gaba da yi a Libya . == Ayyuka == Yana buƙatar matukin jirgi kafin ya shiga tashar. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tobruk Port {{!}} Unishippco.com |url=http://www.unishipco.com/?page_id=62 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.unishipco.com |archive-date=2016-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019154046/http://www.unishipco.com/?page_id=62 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tashar jiragen ruwan tana da jiragen ruwa guda goma, kowannensu yana da jiragen ruwa shida. <ref name=":0" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2010, tashar jiragen ruwan tana da crane guda uku na ɗaukar kaya, ɗaya tana da tan 50-80 da biyu kuma tana da tan 30-40. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=I |first=Elferjani |date=2015-01-01 |title=Examination of port performance in a developing economy: A case study of Libyan ports |url=http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161397 |publisher=RMIT University |access-date=2026-06-02 |archive-date=2020-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803213633/http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161397 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == 7p88b8pm79fhv3ja3tn08r9tus3s5fi 0 154142 890378 874080 2026-08-02T02:20:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Wole Seun Agunbiade | image = | caption = Wole Seun Agunbiade | nationality = Nigerian | citizenship = Nigeria | occupation = Lawyer | profession = Legal Practitioner | known_for = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) | alma_mater = | years_active = | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria }} '''Wole Seun Agunbiade''' lauya ne ɗan [[Najeriya]] kuma fitaccen masani a fannin shari'a wanda ya samu lambar girmamawa ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wadda ita ce mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyi masu zaman kansu a [[Najeriya]]. Ya shahara saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa a harkokin shari'a da kuma kasancewarsa cikin manyan lauyoyin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/|title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list]|work=Daily Post Nigeria|date=12 July 2018|access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tori.ng/news/101364/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-s.html|title=31 Lawyers Appointed Senior Advocates Of Nigeria|work=Tori.ng|date=12 July 2018|access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Kwamitin Bai wa Lauyoyi Matsayin SAN na [[Najeriya]] (Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee – LPPC) ya sanya sunan Wole Seun Agunbiade cikin jerin lauyoyi da suka tsallake matakan tantancewa domin samun matsayin SAN. Sunansa ya bayyana a cikin jerin waɗanda aka tantance bayan nazarin cancanta, ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga harkokin shari'a a [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.signalng.com/human-rights-lawyer-adegboruwa-63-other-lawyers-short-listed-for-san/amp/|title=Human Rights Lawyer Adegboruwa, 63 Other Lawyers Short-listed For SAN|work=Signal NG|date=23 April 2018|access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://barristerng.com/breaking-nba-gs-isiaka-olagunju-ebun-olu-adegboruwa-62-others-shortlisted-for-san/|title=64 Others Shortlisted for SAN|work=BarristerNG|date=22 April 2018|access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Daga bisani a watan Yulin 2018, LPPC ta sanar da Wole Seun Agunbiade a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyi 31 da aka amince da su domin karɓar lambar '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi ana ba shi ne ga lauyoyin da suka nuna ƙwarewa ta musamman, nagarta da kuma gudummawa mai muhimmanci ga ci gaban tsarin shari'a a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/|title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria|work=Daily Post Nigeria|date=12 July 2018|access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.legit.ng/1180204-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-nigeria-full-list.html|title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria|work=Legit.ng|date=12 July 2018|access-date=2 June 2026|archive-date=1 June 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260601192138/https://www.legit.ng/1180204-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-nigeria-full-list.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wole Agunbiade ya kuma kasance cikin lauyoyin da ke shiga tattaunawa da gabatar da takardu kan muhimman batutuwan doka da ɗabi'a a Najeriya. A shekarar 2019, ya gabatar da muƙala a yayin Makon Lauyoyi na Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya (NBA) reshen Kaduna, inda ya yi bayani kan alakar doka da ɗabi'a musamman game da kare waɗanda ake zargi da aikata laifukan ta'addanci da garkuwa da mutane. A jawabinsa ya jaddada muhimmancin kare haƙƙin kowanne mutum a gaban kotu bisa tanadin doka. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blueprint.ng/san-urges-colleagues-to-devote-expertise-in-serving-clients/|title=SAN urges colleagues to devote expertise in serving clients|work=Blueprint Newspapers|date=25 June 2019|access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Matsayin SAN da Wole Seun Agunbiade ya samu ya sanya shi cikin jerin manyan lauyoyin Najeriya da ke da hurumin bayyana a manyan kotunan ƙasar tare da bayar da gudummawa wajen bunƙasa aikin lauya da tsarin shari'a. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/|title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria|work=Daily Post Nigeria|date=12 July 2018|access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tori.ng/news/101364/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-s.html|title=31 Lawyers Appointed Senior Advocates Of Nigeria|work=Tori.ng|date=12 July 2018|access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3hcfz5s6s2uh9x83l5w6lrfekf0n28o 0 154165 890080 845212 2026-08-01T12:12:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ngqura''' tashar jiragen ruwa ce mai zurfi a gabar tekun gabas ( [[Tekun Indiya]] ) ta Afirka ta Kudu, 20&nbsp;kilomita arewa maso gabashin [[Port Elizabeth|Gqeberha]] . An ba da izinin gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar dokar majalisar dokoki a shekarar 2002, an fara gina ta a watan Satumba na 2002, kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta fara aiki a watan Oktoba na 2009 lokacin da MSC ta fara aiki.&nbsp;''Catania'' ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa. <ref name="mcen-2009-12-11">{{Cite web |last=Smit |first=Petronel |date=2009-12-11 |title=Deep-water port of Ngqura launched |url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/deep-water-port-of-ngqura-launched-with-first-commercial-vessel-2009-12-11 |access-date=9 March 2010 |publisher=Engineering News (Creamer Media)}}</ref> <ref name="sainfo-ngqura-1">{{Cite web |date=2009-10-13 |title=First ships dock at Port of Ngqura |url=http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/infrastructure/ngqura-120909.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016082142/http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/infrastructure/ngqura-120909.htm |archive-date=2009-10-16 |access-date=9 March 2010 |publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}</ref> == Bayani == Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ngqura ita ce sabuwar tashar jiragen ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu kuma ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi zurfi a ƙasar. Tana da hanyar shiga -18&nbsp;m Jadawalin Tashar Jiragen Ruwa a zurfin bayanai, kwano mai juyawa na 600&nbsp;diamita na m da kuma diamita na -18&nbsp;m Tashar Jiragen Ruwa Datum, wurin ɗaukar kaya na gaba ɗaya 1 a -18&nbsp;m Taswirar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa Datum, da wurin ajiye akwati 4 da wurin ajiye kaya 2 na gaba ɗaya a -16&nbsp;Bayanan Taswirar Tashar M. Bayanan Taswirar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Ngqura shine 1.026&nbsp;ƙasa da [[Sea level|matsakaicin matakin teku]] na Afirka ta Kudu. Manyan jiragen ruwan kwantena da aka sarrafa a tashar jiragen ruwa sune jiragen ruwan TEU 12,500 na MSC. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ngqura ta cika tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu da ake da su (musamman tashar jiragen ruwa ta 'yan'uwa mata biyu, Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Port Elizabeth ) da kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu zurfi a Richards Bay da Saldanha . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.npa.co.za/PDF%20Documents/Ngqura/Ngqura%20fact%20sheet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924180620/http://www.npa.co.za/PDF%20Documents/Ngqura/Ngqura%20fact%20sheet.pdf |archive-date=2006-09-24 |access-date=2007-11-03}}</ref> An fara aikin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ngqura Greenfields a mataki na farko a watan Satumba na 2002. Jirgin ruwa na MSC Catania, shi ne jirgin kasuwanci na farko da ya sauka a tashar. Ya sauke kwantena 275 a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2009. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ngqura ta kasance wani ɓangare na Yankin Ci Gaban Masana'antu na Coega, amma tana ƙarƙashin ikon Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Ƙasa ta Transnet. Babban aikin da aka yi niyyar yi na tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ngqura shine biyan buƙatun kayayyakin masana'antu na yankuna da na ƙasa baki ɗaya. An kuma tsara tashar jiragen ruwa ta zama tashar jiragen ruwa da za ta rage cunkoso a wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa, sannan ta zama cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki da ke aiki musamman a Gabashin Afirka da Yammacin gabar tekun Afirka, da kuma zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa daga Kudancin Amurka zuwa Asiya. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ngqura tashar ruwa ce mai zurfi kuma tsammanin matsakaici zuwa na dogon lokaci sune: * Tashar jiragen ruwa za ta jawo sabbin kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar cibiyar kwantena da kuma kula da ƙarin adadin kwantena na Gauteng. * Tashar jiragen ruwa za ta yi aiki a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa mai yawa don jigilar kayayyaki kamar manganese, sinadarai, mai da kuma ingantattun hydrocarbons. * Za a sarrafa kayan da ake samarwa a yankin ci gaban masana'antu na Coega ta tashar jiragen ruwa (ba a kammala dukkan waɗannan kayan da ake buƙata ba). Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ngqura ita ce kawai tashar jiragen ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu da ke da izinin muhalli (Record of Decision ko RoD) don ginawa da gudanar da ita. A shekarar 2023, a cikin ma'aunin aikin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kwantena ta Duniya, tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasance ta 404 cikin 405, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Dead last among 405 ports – SA flies the CPPI rogues flag again |url=https://www.freightnews.co.za/article/dead-last-among-405-ports-sa-flies-cppi-rogues-flag-again |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Freight News |language=en}}</ref> kuma a shekarar 2024 ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa ta huɗu mafi inganci, amma har yanzu ta kare a matsayi na 402 cikin 403. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2025 |title=The Container Port Performance Index 2020 to 2024: Trends and Lessons Learned |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43744 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli == Abubuwa biyu na zahiri waɗanda suka fi tasiri a kan tsarin tashar jiragen ruwa sune tashar paleo da ke ratsa wurin da kuma Tsibirin Jahleel wanda ke 1.&nbsp;km a gefen teku. Tashar paleo ta ba da damar kafa tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi ba tare da buƙatar haƙa ɗimbin kayan haɗin gwiwa ba. Wannan ya rage yawan kuɗaɗen jari da ke da alaƙa da haƙa ƙwai. An ɗauki tsuntsayen da ke cikin teku, waɗanda suka haɗa da yawan penguin na Afirka, a matsayin waɗanda ke da illa ga muhalli, don haka an haramta ginawa cikin shekaru 500.&nbsp;m na tsibirin. An tsara kuma an gina babban magudanar ruwa don biyan buƙatun yankin keɓewa na Tsibirin Jahleel. === Tsarin kewaye yashi === Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake ganin sun dace a bakin teku yayin tsara tashar ita ce jigilar laka. Ana kula da jigilar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar amfani da hanyar da aka tsara ta hanyar amfani da bututun ruwa mai matsewa wanda ya zama ruwan dare a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.sturrockshipping.co.za/upload/saport/file/11_06_PORT_OF_Ngqura.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925213247/http://www.sturrockshipping.co.za/upload/saport/file/11_06_PORT_OF_Ngqura.pdf |archive-date=2006-09-25 |access-date=2007-11-03}}</ref> Yana kwaikwayon yadda yashi mai tsayi a bakin teku na Afirka ta Kudu ke kwarara. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar fitar da yashi daga ɓangaren yamma na bakin teku zuwa ɓangaren gabas na bakin teku. Ana kama yashi a cikin tarkon yashi kuma ana tura yashi ta bututun ruwa zuwa wurin fitarwa a ƙarshen tashar. Kamawa da fitarwa suna faruwa a yankunan raƙuman ruwa. Tsarin yana taimakawa wajen hana taruwa da zaizayar ƙasa a ɓangarorin yamma da gabas bi da bi. == Ginin Gudanarwa na eMendi == Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Transnet (TNPA) ta ƙaddamar da sabon ginin gudanarwa na tashar jiragen ruwa a ranar 23 ga Yuni 2017. An sanya wa ginin mai hawa biyar, mai tsawon mita 10,000 ^{na biyu} suna ''eMendi'' dangane da jirgin ruwan rundunar SS Mendi da ya nutse a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ingila shekaru ɗari da suka gabata a shekarar 1917, yana ɗauke da sojoji sama da 800, yawancinsu 'yan Afirka ta Kudu ne. Babban Jami'in TNPA Richard Vallihu, Babban Jami'in Ayyuka Phyllis Difeto da Manajan Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Ngqura Tandi Lebakeng ne suka bayyana sunan a wani taron da ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa suka halarta. Ginin gini ne mai tauraro 4 mai launin kore, wanda ya haɗa da tsarin tattara ruwan sama, allunan hasken rana da na'urorin auna haske a wasu yankuna. Manyan wuraren tagogi na ginin suna ba shi damar amfani da ra'ayoyin panoramic na tashar jiragen ruwa da hasken halitta da ke kwarara zuwa cikin ginin, ta haka ne rage buƙatar hasken lantarki. Yana wakiltar jarin R255 miliyan a cikin tattalin arzikin lardin Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . <ref name="MyPortElizabeth">{{Cite web |last=myportelizabeth |date=2017-06-27 |title=eMendi Welcomed to Nqura |url=http://myportelizabeth.co.za/emendi-welcomed-to-nqura/40232 |access-date=2017-07-22 |publisher=My Port Elizabeth |archive-date=2017-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002222915/http://myportelizabeth.co.za/emendi-welcomed-to-nqura/40232 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani murhu mai lemun tsami, wanda ya yi shekaru kusan 65 yana wajen tashar jiragen ruwa ta atrium kuma an ayyana shi a matsayin wurin tarihi kuma an kare shi daga lalacewa yayin ginin. Ginin yana da damar ma'aikata 205, kuma an raba shi zuwa fikafikan gabas da yamma, wanda aka raba shi da atrium wanda ya tsawaita tsawon ginin kuma ana yi masa hidima da lif biyu masu kyau. Porte-cochère a ƙofar shiga yana maraba da ma'aikata da baƙi. Baya ga ofisoshi, wasu wurare sun haɗa da wurin motsa jiki, kanti, ɗakunan taro, ɗakunan horo, Cibiyar Ayyukan Tashar Jiragen Ruwa da wuraren hutawa na ma'aikata. Ginin ya haɗa da ginshiki wanda ya ƙunshi wuraren ajiye motoci da ɗakunan ajiya da tsire-tsire. Akwai kuma wurin ajiye motoci a waje. <ref name="MyPortElizabeth"/> == Gine-gine == An sami sabbin ci gaba a fannin fasahar gina tashar jiragen ruwa a lokacin gina magudanar ruwa (wanda aka gina a busasshiyar hanya), gina magudanar ruwa, amfani da dolosse mai nauyin tan 30, da kuma aiwatar da tsarin kewaye yashi (ɗaya daga cikin 3 kacal a duniya kuma na musamman). === Ruwan Ruwa === Tashar jiragen ruwa tana da kariya daga magudanar ruwa guda biyu. Ruwan da ke shiga ta yamma shine 1.3&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita kuma ruwan gabas shine 2.7&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita. Ruwan magudanar ruwa gini ne na tarkace tare da dolosse wanda ke aiki a matsayin kariya ga makamai. Babban ruwan magudanar ruwa (gabashin) shine mafi tsawo a Afirka ta Kudu. An gina magudanar ruwa da dolosse kuma an sanya su daga Satumba 2002 zuwa Fabrairu 2006. An samar da katangar magudanar ruwa a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Ngqura da dolosse mai nauyin tan 30 26,500. Dolosse da aka yi amfani da shi a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Ngqura ya kai tan 30 kowanne kuma su ne mafi girma a duniya a lokacin gininsu. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Massive concrete dolosse used |url=http://educators.cup.co.za/?m=1&idkey=55 |access-date= |website=}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Transnet ce ta tsara su kuma ta haɓaka su a cikin gida. An sanya kimanin raka'a 26,500 - kowannensu 13&nbsp;m ³ a cikin girma. Waɗannan gine-ginen da aka haɗa sun yi amfani da kimanin 344,500&nbsp;m ³ na siminti (ko tan 826,800). Mai tuƙin crane ta amfani da tsarin sanyawa na duniya (GPS) wanda aka sanya a ƙarshen crane ɗinsa ya tabbatar da cewa an sanya kowanne daga cikin tsarukan bene biyu daidai don dacewa da daidaitattun nazarin samfurin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-07 |title=Cambridge University Press Africa Educator's Blog |url=http://educators.cup.co.za/?m=1&idkey=554 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807222323/http://educators.cup.co.za/?m=1&idkey=554 |archive-date=2011-08-07 |access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> Dolosse yana kare ruwan da ke shiga ta hanyar watsar da shi maimakon toshe kuzarin raƙuman ruwa masu shigowa. Yawancin kuzarin aikin raƙuman ruwa yana karkata zuwa gefe ta hanyar ƙirar kusurwarsu. Bayan lokaci, gine-ginen suna kwance kuma suna kullewa yayin da raƙuman ruwa ke canza su a hankali. Tare, suna samar da bango mai haɗe amma mai ramuka wanda ke ƙaruwa da ƙarfi akan lokaci. An sanya wani katafaren jirgin ruwa mai nauyin tan 30 na dolosse a gefen da aka fallasa na bututun, sannan aka sanya wani katafaren jirgin ruwa a gefen babban bututun. Gina ruwan magudanar ruwa na gabas aiki ne na tsawon awanni 24, inda ake zuba dutse a lokacin da ake buƙatar ɗaukar tan 40 a kowace minti uku. An yi amfani da crane na crawler mai tan 800 da aka ɗora a kan portal crawler don sanya dolosse a kan tarkacen tarkacen. An gina crawler na portal mai tsayi sosai don ba wa motocin jigilar kaya damar shiga fuskar ginin inda ake yin ƙwanƙwasa baya da kuma sanya dutse a kan keken sa'o'i 24. == Hanyoyin haɗin jirgin ƙasa == Transnet tana haɓaka hanyar jirgin ƙasa wacce za ta haɗa Ngqura da ma'adinan manganese a kusa da Hotazel a Arewacin Cape . Hanyar za ta kai murabba'in kilomita 1,003&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita, kuma galibi zai ƙunshi haɓaka layukan layin dogo na yanzu; ana sa ran ƙarfin zai ƙaru daga tan miliyan 5·5 a kowace shekara zuwa mpta 16. == Duba kuma == * Sufuri a Afirka ta Kudu * Coega * Harin Intanet na Transnet na 2021 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k0uhha6mqn8qhaf3fipvt5hd37t4wdj 0 154170 890226 845222 2026-08-01T16:44:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Wuri == Tashar jiragen ruwa ta cikin gida za ta kasance a kan {{Convert|250|acre|ha}} a garin Malaba, Uganda, kusa da kan iyaka da [[Kenya]] . Wannan wuri yana da kimanin {{Convert|11|km|0}}, ta hanya, gabashin garin Tororo, akan babbar hanyar Tororo - Eldoret . Wannan kimanin {{Convert|217|km|0}}, ta hanya, gabashin [[Kampala]], babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a Uganda. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Kampala, Uganda And Malaba, Uganda With Map |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala+Road,+Kampala/Malaba+Uganda+Immigration+Offices,+Tororo/@0.6763609,33.4229341,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177db905c213a709:0x65794ed5c349e23e!2m2!1d32.5809105!2d0.3133012!1m5!1m1!1s0x177f6e4007a0811f:0xa94afcadcdb35995!2m2!1d34.264909!2d0.6383418!3e0 |access-date=10 September 2021}}</ref> == Bayani == Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Tororo, tashar jiragen ruwa ce da ake shirin ginawa a cikin ƙasa . ''Babban Tafkunan Ports Limited'' na [[Kenya]] ne ke haɓaka ta, kuma za ta yi aiki da ita idan an kammala ta. Tashar jiragen ruwa za ta zama wurin ajiyar kwantena na shigo da kaya zuwa [[Uganda]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Sudan ta Kudu|Kudancin Sudan]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Gabashin DRC]] . Tashar jiragen ruwa za ta maye gurbin wuraren ajiya guda goma da Uganda ke amfani da su, don adana waɗannan kwantena kafin a share kwastam da sauran hanyoyin shigo da kaya. Ana sa ran wannan zai rage cunkoson tashar jiragen ruwa a Kilindini, [[Mombasa]], a [[Tekun Indiya]], kuma zai rage lokacin da kwantena a cikin jirgi a Mombasa zai isa Tororo, daga kwanaki 18 zuwa kwanaki biyar kacal. <ref name="ea2010-11-01">{{Cite web |last=The East African |date=30 October 2010 |title=Tororo dry port to begin operations by 2012 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/tororo-dry-port-to-begin-operations-by-2012-1300644 |access-date=10 September 2021 |website=[[The EastAfrican]] |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910141604/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/tororo-dry-port-to-begin-operations-by-2012-1300644 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Shugaban ƙasar Uganda [[Yoweri Museveni]] ne ya ƙaddamar da aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta cikin ƙasa a watan Yunin 2010. Ana sa ran tashar za ta fara aiki a watan Nuwamban 2012. Ana sa ran ginin zai ci dala miliyan 120. Kamfanin da ke da wannan aikin samar da ababen more rayuwa na sufuri yana da hedikwata a maƙwabciyar ƙasar Kenya. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=The Independent |date=25 March 2009 |title=Big money, self-interest mar Tororo Inland Port |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/big-money-self-interest-mar-tororo-inland-port/ |access-date=10 September 2021 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]}}</ref> <ref name="ea2010-11-01"/> Tun daga shekarar 2010, batutuwan siyasa, tattalin arziki da na yanki sun yi katsalandan ga ci gaban wannan tashar jiragen ruwa ta cikin gida. Ya zuwa watan Satumba na 2021, ba a san ko za a kammala aikin ba. <ref name="1R"/> == Duba kuma == * Malaba, Uganda * Tororo * Hukumar Haraji ta Uganda * [[Mombasa]] == Manazarta == 075megqv3nqkp0yfuw18up7ukxszewu 0 154187 890097 845351 2026-08-01T12:21:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nuweiba''' tashar jiragen ruwa ce da ke gabashin yankin Sinai, kusan a tsakiyar gabar tekun Tekun Aqaba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of Nuweiba |url=https://www.findaport.com/port-of-nuweiba |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=findaport.com}}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar jiragen ruwan tana gabashin [[Nuweiba]], wani gari a bakin teku. Tana aiki a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa na RoRo da ke zuwa Aqaba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuweiba travel |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/egypt/sinai/nuweiba |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=Lonely Planet |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, gwamnatin Masar ta bayyana wani shiri na inganta tashoshin jiragen ruwa daban-daban [[Red Sea|na Tekun Bahar Maliya]], kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nuweiba tana ɗaya daga cikinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roundup: Egypt implements plan to upgrade sea ports, promote int'l trade: experts - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/23/c_1310022164.htm |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=www.xinhuanet.com |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126061134/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/23/c_1310022164.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == knitnqna77phazl6o9ku0reyoqablni 0 154449 890252 845979 2026-08-01T18:45:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Infobox settlement|name=Fogo Island|official_name=Town of Fogo Island|other_name=|nativ-e_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=Town|motto=|image_skyline=Fogo Island Inn.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=[[Fogo Island Inn]]|image_flag=Flag of Fogo Island.jpg|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|city_logo=|citylogo_size=|pushpin_map=Newfoundland|pushpin_label_position=left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=Location of Fogo Island in [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]|pushpin_mapsize=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=Canada|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]|subdivision_name1=[[Newfoundland and Labrador]]|subdivision_type3=<!-- [[Census divisions of Newfoundland and Labrador|Census division]] -->|subdivision_name3=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=Incorporated<ref name=amalgamation/>|established_date2=March 1, 2011|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=|government_type=|government_footnotes=|leader_title=<!-- Mayor -->|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!--[[Legislative Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador|MLA]]-->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=<!--[[Members of the Canadian House of Commons|MP]]-->|leader_name2=|unit_pref=<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_total_km2=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_land_km2=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_km2=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_urban_km2=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|population_as_of=2021|population_note=|population_footnotes=<ref name=2021census/>|population_total=2,117|population_urban=|population_metro=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_density_km2=|timezone=[[Newfoundland Time Zone|NST]]|utc_offset=-03:30|timezone_DST=NDT|utc_offset_DST=-02:30|coordinates={{coord|49|39|30|N|54|10|57|W|region:CA-NL|notes=<ref>{{Cite cgndb|ACTKC|Fogo Island}}</ref>|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_ft=|elevation_m=|postal_code_type=<!--Postal code span-->|postal_code=<!--[[List of A Postal Codes of Canada|Span]]-->|area_code=[[Area code 709|709]]|blank_name=[[List of Newfoundland and Labrador highways|Highways]]|blank_info={{jct|extra=ferry}} [[MV Veteran]]<br />{{jct|province=NL|NL|333}}<br />{{jct|province=NL|NL|334}}|website=[http://www.townoffogoisland.ca Town of Fogo Island]|footnotes=}}{{Weather box}}{{Reflist}} '''Tsibirin Fogo''' wani gari ne da ke Tsibirin Fogo, Mafi girma daga cikin tsibirai na bakin teku a lardin Newfoundland da Labrador, Kanada . == Tarihi == An kafa garin Fogo Island a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2011 biyo bayan hadewar garuruwa huɗu - Fogo, Joe Batt's Arm-Barr'd Islands-Shoal Bay, Seldom-Little Seldom da Tilting - tare da ma'auni mara kafa na tsibirin Fogo. <ref name="amalgamation">{{Cite web |date=November 14, 2012 |title=Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names From January 2, 2011 to January 1, 2012 (Table 1 - Changes to census subdivisions in alphabetical order by province and territory) |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0009x/2012000/tbl/xls/92F0009XIB2012000_T1_Can.xlsx |access-date=December 3, 2012 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |type=[[XLSX]]}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == === Yanayi === Tsibirin Fogo yana da yanayin subbarctic na ruwa ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Dfc]]) wanda ke kan iyaka da yanayin sanyi mai zafi (Dfb) tare da lokacin rani mai sanyi fiye da yankunan cikin gida na Newfoundland da kuma hunturu mai sauƙi fiye da yankuna a kan daidaituwa iri ɗaya a cikin Kanada. Koyaya, saboda halaye masu sanyi na watanni na rani, Tsibirin Fogo a hanyoyi da yawa yayi kama da kewayon subarctic. Watan na huɗu mafi zafi na Yuni kawai yana da {{Convert|10|C}} ° C (50 ° F) a cikin matsakaicin zafin jiki. Kamar yadda ya saba da Newfoundland da kewayenta ruwan sama yana da yawa kuma yana da daidaituwa a duk shekara, wanda ke haifar da fiye da {{Cvt|3.5|m}} na dusar ƙanƙara a matsakaici a cikin hunturu.<ref name="Weatherbase">{{Cite web |title=Fogo, Newfoundland Temperature Averages |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=711933 |access-date=25 February 2015 |publisher=Weatherbase |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118041154/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=711933 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saboda matsanancin lokacin rani, kaka ya fi zafi fiye da bazara, kuma saboda haka watanni mafi sanyi da zafi sune Fabrairu da Agusta, bi da bi.<ref name="Weatherbase" /> == Yawan jama'a == In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Fogo Island had a population of {{Val|2117}} living in {{Val|964}} of its {{Val|1450}} total private dwellings, a change of  -5.7% from its 2016 population of {{Val|2244}}. With a land area of {{Convert|238.25|km2|sqmi}}, it had a population density of  8.9/km2 (23.0/sq mi) in 2021.<ref name="2021census">{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Newfoundland and Labrador |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000210 |access-date=March 15, 2022 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Sunan !Matsayi na baya<br /> !Yawan jama'a (2016) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (2011) <br /> !Kashi na Kashi (%) <br /><br /> !Gidajen da aka zauna<br /> !Gidaje masu zaman kansu<br /> !Yankin ƙasa (km2) <br /><br /> !Yawan jama'a<br /> |- |Wutar<ref name="FogoJoe">{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2019 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Fogo, Town [Dissolved census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador and Joe Batt's Arm-Barr'd Islands-Shoal Bay, Town [Dissolved census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=DCSD&Code1=1008021&Geo2=DCSD&Code2=1008022&SearchText=Joe&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=September 25, 2021 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> |Birni | align="center" |658 | align="center" |658 | align="center" |0.0 | align="center" |289 | align="center" |349 | align="center" |5.92 | align="center" |111.2 |- |Tsibirin Arm-Barr'd na Joe Batt-Shoal Bay<ref name="FogoJoe" /> |Birni | align="center" |630 | align="center" |685 | align="center" | -8.0 | align="center" |282 | align="center" |399 | align="center" |26.02 | align="center" |24.2 |- |Ba da daɗewa ba<ref name="SeldomTilting">{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2019 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Seldom-Little Seldom, Town [Dissolved census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador and Tilting, Town [Dissolved census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=DCSD&Code1=1008025&Geo2=DCSD&Code2=1008023&SearchText=Tilting&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=September 25, 2021 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> |Birni | align="center" |386 | align="center" |427 | align="center" | -9.6 | align="center" |151 | align="center" |180 | align="center" |14.60 | align="center" |26.4 |- |Tallafawa<ref name="SeldomTilting" /> |Birni | align="center" |173 | align="center" |204 | align="center" | -15.2 | align="center" |84 | align="center" |152 | align="center" |17.63 | align="center" |9.8 |- |Daidaitawar Tsibirin Fogo <ref name="Balance">{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2019 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Fogo Island Region (Part), Region [Dissolved census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador and Fogo Island, Town [Census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=DCSD&Code1=1008020&Geo2=CSD&Code2=1008099&SearchText=Fogo&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=September 25, 2021 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> |Ba a haɗa shi ba | align="center" |397 | align="center" |421 | align="center" | -5.7 | align="center" |979 | align="center" |1,460 | align="center" |173.48 | align="center" |2.3 |- align="center" class="sortbottom" style="background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" align="center" |'''Tsibirin Fogo'''<ref name="Balance" /> | align="center" |'''2,244''' | align="center" |'''2,395''' | align="center" |'''-6.3''' | align="center" |'''979''' | align="center" |'''1,460''' | align="center" |'''237.65''' | align="center" |'''9.4''' |- |} Tsibirin Fogo yana da yawan mutane 2,706 a ƙidayar shekara ta 2006, 2,395 a ƙidamar shekara ta 2011, da 2,244 a Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2017 |title=Fogo Island, T [Census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province] |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?B1=All&Code1=1008099&Code2=10&Data=Count&Geo1=CSD&Geo2=PR&Lang=E&SearchPR=01&SearchText=Fogo+Island&SearchType=Begins&TABID=1 |access-date=29 May 2017 |website=2016 Census |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> == Fasaha da al'adu == === Bikin Jama'a na Brimstone === Al'ummar Fogo a tsibirin Fogo ita ce gidan bikin Brimstone Head Folk, wanda Fogo Island Folk Alliance ta shirya. Wannan taron yana jan hankalin mutane daga ko'ina a kowace shekara a farkon watan Agusta. Masu wasan kwaikwayo sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da The Masterless Men, The Irish Descendants, Middle Tickle, The Fogo Island Accordion Group, Shores of Newfoundland, The Affections da sauran masu wasan kwaikwayo na gida kamar Aaron Brown, Sally Payne da Jason Hoven. Brimstone Head an gabatar da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin kusurwoyi huɗu na duniya ta hanyar Flat Earth Society of Canada (ba ta da alaƙa da Flat Earth Corporation). Tare da bikin Brimstone Head Folk, wasu al'ummomi suna da bukukuwa. Joe Batt's Arm ya dauki bakuncin Ethridge's Point Seaside Fest, wanda yawanci yakan faru a karshen mako na farko a watan Agusta, karshen mako kafin bikin Brimstone Head. == Sufuri == Tsibirin Fogo ana iya isa ta jirgin ruwa ko iska.<ref name="travel">{{Cite web |title=Travel to Fogo Island |url=http://www.townoffogoisland.ca/home/travel.htm |access-date=September 25, 2021 |publisher=Town of Fogo Island}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2017 |title=Fogo Island, T [Census subdivision], Newfoundland and Labrador and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province] |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?B1=All&Code1=1008099&Code2=10&Data=Count&Geo1=CSD&Geo2=PR&Lang=E&SearchPR=01&SearchText=Fogo+Island&SearchType=Begins&TABID=1 |access-date=29 May 2017 |website=2016 Census |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> Filin jirgin sama na cikin gida shine filin jirgin sama na Fogo . <ref name="travel" /> == Shahararrun mutane == * Zita Cobb - wanda ya kafa ShorefastTsayawa a bakin teku * Rob Furlong - mai riƙe da rikodin duniya don mafi tsawo da aka rubuta a matsayin mai harbi Maris 2002 - Nuwamba 2009 == Dubi kuma == * Fogo Island Inn * Jerin al'ummomi a Newfoundland da Labrador == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} myds2yd4bl0yspe1d8wrj6drri1sa73 0 154509 890113 864567 2026-08-01T12:28:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Tripoli_Sea_port.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tripoli a cikin shekarun 1930]] '''tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Libya]] Tripoli''' ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa a Tripoli, babban birnin Libya, kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a [[Bahar Rum]]. Tashar jiragen ruwa tana ba da sabis ga kaya, kaya da fasinjoji. == Tarihi == {{Blockquote|''In 1911, Italy claimed the need to protect its citizens who lived in the Port of Tripoli. It declared war against the Ottomans, saying it would annex the city. A naval battle fought at Prevesa, Greece, ended in the destruction of three Ottoman ships and the recognition of Italian sovereignty over the Port of Tripoli. The Italians controlled the region until 1943. British forces governed the area after World War II until Libyan independence in 1951'' World Ports History: Tripoli<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/LBY_Port_of_Tripoli_661.php.|title=History of the Port of Tripoli|website=www.worldportsource.com}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} Tun lokacin [[Roman Libya|Romawa Libya]] tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tripoli (wanda ake kira Oea a lokacin) tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a bakin tekun Bahar Rum ta Afirka. A tsakiyar zamanai tashar jiragen ruwa ta fadi cikin rashin amfani, amma a karkashin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Mulkin Ottoman]] ya fara girma da muhimmanci. A ƙarshen shekarun 1920, hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Italiya sun kirkiro tashar jiragen ruwa da ke wanzu a yau. Sauran mahimman kayan aikin da aka kara a cikin shekarun 1930 sune fadada tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tripoli tare da kara kayan aikin Jirgin ruwa. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta lalace sosai a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|WWII]]. [[Fayil:Maydan_Jazair_Park_Panorama.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Ra'ayi na Maydan Jazair Park daga Otal din Safwa a kan titin Baghdad a cikin kwata na Italiya na babban birnin Libya Tripoli. A gefen hagu na wurin shakatawa shine Grand Hotel kuma a bango shine Port of Tripoli]] == Abubuwan da ke ciki == A cikin shekarun 1970s an inganta tashar jiragen ruwa sosai: yanzu tashar jiragen saman Tripoli ta ƙunshi tashoshin kaya da yawa, kuma tana iya ba da sabis ga jiragen ruwa da yawa a lokaci guda. Har ila yau, tashar jiragen ruwa tana da kulob din jirgin ruwa, da tashar kamun kifi. Kamfanin "Socialist Ports Company" shine ikon tashar jiragen ruwa da ke da alhakin gudanarwa da aiki da tashar jiragen saman Tripoli, wanda ke kula da manyan kaya da fasinjoji. An kare shi da ruwa guda biyu na mita 2000 da 700, tashar jiragen ruwa ta rufe kimanin hekta 300. Kimanin manyan jiragen ruwa 600 sun ziyarci tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tripoli a kowace shekara har zuwa ƙarshen mulkin Gaddafi. Tashar jiragen ruwa na iya ɗaukar jiragen ruwa har zuwa mita 190 tare da matsakaicin rubutun mita 10.7. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tripoli]] * [[Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Benghazi]] * Tripolitania == Manazarta == oexgpopho2tdauz5tjndoqgeohzxzhb 0 154757 890076 847149 2026-08-01T12:07:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Gqeberha''' tashar jiragen ruwa ce a birnin [[Port Elizabeth|Gqeberha]] (wanda a da ake kira Port Elizabeth), a Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].<ref>"Port of Port Elizabeth, South Africa". ''www.findaport.com''. Shipping Guides Ltd. Retrieved 12 March 2021.</ref><ref>"UNLOCODE (ZA) - SOUTH AFRICA". ''unece.org''. Retrieved 12 March 2021.</ref> Tana cikin [[Bayar Algoa|Tekun Algoa]], tana kula da busassun ruwa, ruwa mai yawa, manyan abubuwan fashewa da kwantena, da kuma samar da kayan aiki don jan kaya da jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi.<ref name="transnet-1">{{Cite web |title=Port of Port Elizabeth |url=https://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/OurPorts/Port%20Elizabeth/Pages/Overview.aspx |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=Transnet - National Ports Authority |publisher=Transnet |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202204649/https://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/OurPorts/Port%20Elizabeth/Pages/Overview.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin Ma'aunin Ayyukan Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Bankin Duniya na 2023, tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasance ta 391 cikin 405, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Dead last among 405 ports – SA flies the CPPI rogues flag again |url=https://www.freightnews.co.za/article/dead-last-among-405-ports-sa-flies-cppi-rogues-flag-again |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Freight News |language=en}}</ref> kuma a cikin jerin 2024 ta kare a matsayi na 395 cikin 403. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2025 |title=The Container Port Performance Index 2020 to 2024: Trends and Lessons Learned |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43744 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Harin Intanet na Transnet na 2021 == Manazarta == 8yu8e2yn3zfksahuxzm4zr88gjhsiy0 0 154804 890116 886530 2026-08-01T12:31:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 890116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Darren Jason Watkins Jr.''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2005), wanda aka fi sani da '''IShowSpeed''' ko kuma kawai '''Speed''', ɗan [[Amurka]] ne mai tasiri, mawaƙi, ƙwararren ɗan kokawa kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye ta yanar gizo . An san shi da halayensa masu ban mamaki da kuzari da yake nunawa a lokacin watsa shirye-shiryensa kai tsaye, gami da watsa shirye -shiryen rayuwa ta gaske da ake gudanarwa a wurare daban-daban na duniya. An yi wa Watkins kallon jakadan al'adu yayin da yake ziyartar ƙasashe sau da yawa don nuna al'adunsu da ƙirƙira ga masu sauraro na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-18 |title=IShowSpeed: YouTube star touches hearts in Africa during first tour |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y5le7yl7po |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> An haifi Watkins a Cincinnati, Ohio. Bayan ya yi rijistar tasharsa [[YouTube|ta YouTube]] a shekarar 2016, ya fara wallafa abubuwan da ke cikin wasanni. Watkins ya fara samun kulawa a shekarar 2021 saboda yadda yake nuna rashin jin daɗi a lokacin wasa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Winslow |first=Jeremy |date=April 7, 2022 |title=YouTube Streamer With 6.9M Followers Banned After Valorant Tirade Clip Surfaces |url=https://kotaku.com/youtuber-streamer-ishowspeed-ban-valorant-riot-keemstar-1848764368 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407222306/https://kotaku.com/youtuber-streamer-ishowspeed-ban-valorant-riot-keemstar-1848764368 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |access-date=April 8, 2022 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ya fara mayar da hankali kan nishaɗin gabaɗaya, gami da abubuwan da suka shafi [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]], ya zama mai goyon bayan [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] sosai, wanda galibi yana juya abubuwan da ke cikinsa ne bisa goyon bayan da yake bai wa ɗan wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gil |first=Mario Blázquez |date=March 30, 2024 |title=IShowSpeed buys its first supercar featuring CR7 |url=https://www.marca.com/en/technology/gaming/2024/03/30/66086804268e3e40328b4573.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816041631/https://www.marca.com/en/technology/gaming/2024/03/30/66086804268e3e40328b4573.html |archive-date=August 16, 2024 |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=MARCA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bayliss |first=Jake |date=June 15, 2024 |title=IShowSpeed's wild life – fireworks in house, e-dating scandal, Ronaldo obsession |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/ishowspeed-life-cristiano-ronaldo-youtube-32997828 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921134051/https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/ishowspeed-life-cristiano-ronaldo-youtube-32997828 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=The Mirror}}</ref> Watkins ya kuma ci gaba da yin wasan rap . Ya sanya hannu da Warner Records don fitar da waƙarsa ta " Kofin Duniya " ta 2022, wacce aka yi wa rijista a ƙasashe da dama. Daga baya ya biyo baya da waƙar " Champs " ta 2026, wacce aka nuna a cikin Kundin Waƙoƙin FIFA na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2026. An naɗa shi a matsayin Breakout Streamer of the Year a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Streamy na 12 a 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hale |first=James |date=December 5, 2022 |title=Here are your 2022 Streamy Award winners |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2022/12/05/2022-streamy-award-winners/ |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=Tubefilter |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Truder |first=Morgan |date=December 5, 2022 |title=Kai Cenat and IShowSpeed Take Home Major Awards at Youtube Streamys |url=https://www.videogamer.com/news/2022-streamys-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207194400/https://www.videogamer.com/news/2022-streamys-winners/ |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |access-date=March 7, 2023 |website=VideoGamer.com}}</ref> kuma ya lashe kyautar Streamer of the Year sau biyu a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Streamer na 2024 da kuma bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Streamer na 2025. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Brigstock |first=Jake |date=December 8, 2024 |title=Streamer Awards 2024: IShowSpeed named streamer of the year |url=https://www.indy100.com/viral/streamer-awards-2024-ishowspeed-kai-cenat |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120160845/https://www.indy100.com/viral/streamer-awards-2024-ishowspeed-kai-cenat |archive-date=January 20, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=[[Indy100]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Connellan |first=Shannon |date=December 8, 2025 |title=The Streamer Awards 2025 winners list: IShowSpeed wins Streamer of the Year |url=https://mashable.com/article/the-streamer-awards-2025-winners-list-streamer-of-year |access-date=January 17, 2026 |website=Mashable |language=en}}</ref> Ana ɗaukar Watkins a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun masu nishadantarwa da kuma mutane a Intanet a duniya. <ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Dmytro |first=Murko |date=September 20, 2024 |title=IShowSpeed has become Top 1 English-speaking streamer of all time |url=https://streamscharts.com/news/ishowspeed-most-popular-english-language-streamer |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=Streams Charts}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 30, 2024 |title=Mobbed in Norway, A Guest on Club Shay Shay, How Is IShowSpeed, 19, One Of the World's Biggest Streaming Stars? |url=https://www.theroot.com/mobbed-in-norway-a-guest-on-club-shay-shay-19-year-ol-1851729868 |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=The Root |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Darren Jason Watkins Jr. a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2005, a Cincinnati, Ohio. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brigstock |first=Jake |date=June 3, 2024 |title=Who is IShowSpeed and how did he get so popular? |url=https://www.indy100.com/viral/who-is-ishowspeed-streamer-youtube |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115030720/https://www.indy100.com/viral/who-is-ishowspeed-streamer-youtube |archive-date=January 15, 2026 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |website=[[Indy100]] |publisher=[[The Independent]] |language=en |issn=1741-9743}}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Darren Watkins Sr., da kuma ƙannensa biyu, ciki har da ɗan'uwansa na uba mai suna Dian (wanda aka fi sani da Jamal), shi ma yana watsa shirye-shirye a YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-02 |title=IShowSpeed's Brother Says He's Taking a Break From Streams So He Can 'Just Be Myself' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/ishowspeed-brother-says-taking-break-213824603.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=Yahoo Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta hanyar zuriyarsa ta uba, shi ne jikan Harold Watkins, wanda ya zama shugaban kashe gobara na farko ɗan Afirka-Amurka a Sashen Kashe Gobara na Detroit a 1988. Mahaifiyarsa, Tiffany Elizabeth Graves, ita ce babbar mai kula da Watkins a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, bayan rabuwar ta da mahaifinsa lokacin da Watkins yake ƙarami. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-12 |title=Profile of IShowSpeed: The Unpredictable Streamer |url=https://thekenyatimes.com/culture/ishowspeed-profile-the-unpredictable-streamer-breaking-records-in-2026/ |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=The Kenya Times |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar Watkins, mahaifiyarsa ' yar Ghana ce. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=IShowSpeed in Africa: US YouTube star gets Ghanaian passport |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czx12q8qnweo |access-date= |website=BBC |language=en-GB |quote=While streaming in Ghana, the YouTuber told his audience that his mother was from the West African country.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2026 |title=‘I’m excited to be home; my mother is from Ghana’ — Renowned streamer IShowSpeed |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1466488/im-excited-to-be-home-my-mother-is-from-ghana.html |access-date= |website=[[ModernGhana]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-01-28 |title=IShowSpeed’s Mother, Whom He Says Is Ghanaian, Surfaces Online |url=https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/298699-ishowspeeds-mother-ghanaian-surfaces-online/ |access-date= |website=[[Yen.com.gh]] |language=en}}</ref> An haifi Watkins a unguwar Bond Hill da ke Cincinnati. Ya halarci Kwalejin Shirye-shiryen Kwalejin Cincinnati don makarantar firamare sannan daga baya ya yi rajista a Makarantar Sakandare ta Purcell Marian . A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Watkins ya sami laƙabin "Speedy" saboda son motsa jiki da kuma ɗabi'arsa ta gudu daga karnuka. A shekarar 2020, a lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], wani faifan bidiyo na Watkins yana mayar da martani mai zafi ga wani wasan bidiyo ya sake bugawa ta hanyar gidan talabijin na WorldStarHipHop ; kalaman da suka haifar da suka haifar da rikici tsakanin Watkins da mahaifiyarsa. <ref name="DazedCover" /> Sakamakon haka, Watkins ya koma [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], don zama tare da mahaifinsa. <ref name="DazedCover" /> A can, ya zauna tare da kawunsa kuma ya fara watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye ta amfani da kyamarar PlayStation 4. <ref name="DazedCover" /> == Aikin Intanet == === 2016–2021: Asalin, abubuwan da aka fara wallafawa, da kuma haramcin amfani da dandamali === [[Fayil:IShowSpeed_November_2021_(52502829419).jpg|alt=A young Black man looking at the camera smirking in a public place.|left|thumb|241x241px|Watkins yana mu'amala da magoya baya a shekarar 2021]] Watkins ya yi rijistar tashar [[YouTube]] "IShowSpeed" a shekarar 2016, kodayake da farko ya loda shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai lokaci-lokaci. <ref name="KotakuBan">{{Cite web |last=Winslow |first=Levi |date=April 7, 2022 |title=YouTube Streamer With 6.9M Followers Banned After Valorant Tirade Clip Surfaces |url=https://kotaku.com/youtuber-streamer-ishowspeed-ban-valorant-riot-keemstar-1848764368 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407222306/https://kotaku.com/youtuber-streamer-ishowspeed-ban-valorant-riot-keemstar-1848764368 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |access-date=April 8, 2022 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[G/O Media]]}}</ref> Ya fara watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye akai-akai a watan Disamba na 2017, yana watsa wasannin kamar ''NBA 2K'' da ''Fortnite'' . <ref name="DotEsports2022">{{Cite web |last=Tsiaoussidis |first=Alex |date=August 2, 2022 |title=No slowing down: IShowSpeed is fastest growing streamer on YouTube right now |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-fastest-growing-streamer-on-youtube-right-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818144818/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-fastest-growing-streamer-on-youtube-right-now |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[Dot Esports]] |publisher=[[Gamurs]]}}</ref> Rikodinsa na farko sun sami matsakaicin ƙarancin masu kallo; zuwa 2020, ya sami matsakaicin masu kallo kusan goma a lokaci guda a kowane watsa shirye-shirye. <ref name="DotEsports2022" /> Yawan masu kallonsa ya ƙaru sosai a shekarar 2021; tasharsa ta karu daga masu biyan kuɗi 100,000 a watan Afrilun 2021 zuwa 1&nbsp;miliyan a watan Yunin 2021. <ref name="DotEsports2022"/> Wannan ci gaban ya samu goyon bayan bidiyon halayensa a lokacin watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye - galibi ana siffanta shi da tashin hankali da aka yi wa wasanni, 'yan wasa, da kyamararsa - wanda ke yawo a [[TikTok]] a matsayin memes . <ref name="KotakuBan"/> ''Kotaku'' ya bayyana Watkins a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu yaɗa shirye-shirye mafi sauri" a YouTube a wannan lokacin. <ref name="KotakuBan" /> Ayyukan Watkins sun haifar da dakatarwa daga dandamali da yawa. A watan Disamba na 2021, ya shiga wani shiri kai tsaye na Twitch " e-dating " wanda Adin Ross ya shirya. A lokacin watsa shirye-shiryen, Watkins ya yi tsokaci ga mahalarta Ash Kash cewa masu gabatar da shirye-shiryen Twitch sun fassara a matsayin barazanar cin zarafin jima'i. Ross ya katse Watkins daga kiran; duk da haka, Watkins ya sake haɗuwa kuma ya ba da ƙarin maganganu masu zafi ga Kash. Daga baya Twitch ta dakatar da Watkins daga dandamali saboda "tilasta jima'i ko tsoratarwa". <ref name="BusinessInsiderBan" /> Dandalin ya sake dawo da asusunsa kusan shekaru biyu bayan haka, a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutelle |first=Sam |date=October 11, 2023 |title=Twitch reinstates the account of iShowSpeed, ending a ban that lasted nearly two years |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2023/10/11/twitch-unban-i-show-speed-streamer-darren-watkins/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251104000647/https://www.tubefilter.com/2023/10/11/twitch-unban-i-show-speed-streamer-darren-watkins/ |archive-date=November 4, 2025 |access-date=June 28, 2024 |website=[[Tubefilter]]}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2021, a lokacin wani wasan kai tsaye na tsawon awanni huɗu da mintuna 23 mai taken "ZAGAYEN FARKO!", Watkins ya shiga wasan ''Fortnite'' wanda ya haifar da wani wasan kwaikwayo na intanet mai yaɗuwa. A lokacin wasan, wani abokin wasa mai suna "Acey Daddy" ya nemi Watkins ya taimaka masa ya yi nasara, yana cewa, "Don Allah, Speed, ina buƙatar wannan! Mahaifiyata ba ta da gida." <ref name="MashableReunion">{{Cite web |last=Mashable News Staff |date=October 27, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed's Reunion With 2021 'Kinda Homeless' Teens Leaves The Internet In Stitches |url=https://in.mashable.com/culture/101636/ishowspeeds-reunion-with-2021-kinda-homeless-teens-leaves-the-internet-in-stitches |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103190027/https://in.mashable.com/culture/101636/ishowspeeds-reunion-with-2021-kinda-homeless-teens-leaves-the-internet-in-stitches |archive-date=November 3, 2025 |access-date=February 3, 2026 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> Watkins ya amsa da ƙarfi yana danne dariya yayin da wani ɗan wasa na uku, "Pew baba ne", ya tsawata masa saboda martanin da ya mayar. <ref name="NME_IMDb" /> Bidiyon ya zama wasan kwaikwayo mai yaɗuwa a dandamali kamar TikTok da X. Sauran shirye-shiryen bidiyo da yawa a cikin wannan rafi za su ƙare da samun matsayi iri ɗaya a cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa. Rafin da kansa daga baya ya sami ƙimar 10/10 akan [[IMDb]], wanda ya wuce shirin ''Breaking Bad'' " Ozymandias " na ɗan lokaci a cikin ƙimar masu amfani. <ref name="News18_IMDb" /> <ref name="NME_IMDb" /> A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2025, Watkins ta shirya sake haɗuwa da 'yan wasan biyu. <ref name="MashableReunion"/> A lokacin watsa shirye-shiryen, "Acey Daddy" ya tabbatar da cewa yanayin gidan mahaifiyarsa ya inganta. <ref name="MashableReunion" /> Mahaifiyar ɗan wasan ta bayyana a shirye-shiryen kai tsaye kuma ta tsawata wa Watkins saboda dariya da halin da take ciki a shekarar 2021. <ref name="MashableReunion" /> === 2022–2023: Shahararriyar shahararriya === A watan Afrilun 2022, wani faifan bidiyo na Watkins yana wasa da ''Valorant'' a wani shiri kai tsaye ya bayyana a intanet. A cikin bidiyon, ya gaya wa wata 'yar wasa mace: "Ku fita daga wasan batsa ku yi abincin mijinki." Wannan ya sa ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya wasan, Sara Dadafshar, ta haramta Watkins daga ''Valorant'' da duk sauran wasannin Riot Games har abada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shutler |first=Ali |date=April 8, 2022 |title=Streamer IShowSpeed banned from every Riot Games title after sexist tirade |url=https://www.nme.com/news/gaming-news/streamer-ishowspeed-banned-from-every-riot-games-title-after-sexist-tirade-3201237 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409055727/https://www.nme.com/news/gaming-news/streamer-ishowspeed-banned-from-every-riot-games-title-after-sexist-tirade-3201237 |archive-date=April 9, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> <ref name="DotEsportsValorant">{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Christian |date=April 7, 2022 |title=YouTuber IShowSpeed banned from VALORANT, all Riot games following viral sexist rant |url=https://dotesports.com/news/youtuber-ishowspeed-banned-from-valorant-all-riot-games-viral-rant |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409055726/https://dotesports.com/news/youtuber-ishowspeed-banned-from-valorant-all-riot-games-viral-rant |archive-date=April 9, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[Dot Esports]] |publisher=[[Gamurs]]}}</ref> Shugaban masu kirkirar wasannin bidiyo na duniya na YouTube, Lester Chen, ya amsa bidiyon, yana mai cewa yana "kan sa." <ref name="KotakuBan" /> Daga baya Watkins ya nemi afuwa game da halinsa, yana mai cewa "ba daidai ba ne", kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya sami kalaman wariyar launin fata daga wasu 'yan wasa a wannan ranar. <ref name="BusinessInsiderValorant" /> A ranar 4 ga Yuli, 2022, a lokacin Ranar 'Yanci, Watkins ya kunna wasan wuta na Pikachu a cikin ɗakin kwanansa, wanda ya cika ɗakin da hayaki kuma ya haifar da martani daga ma'aikatar kashe gobara. Ya kai masu biyan kuɗi miliyan 10 a YouTube daga baya a wannan watan. <ref name="DotEsportsStats">{{Cite web |last=Tsiaoussidis |first=Alex |date=August 2, 2022 |title=No slowing down: IShowSpeed is fastest growing streamer on YouTube right now |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-fastest-growing-streamer-on-youtube-right-now |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818144818/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-fastest-growing-streamer-on-youtube-right-now |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=Dot Esports |publisher=Gamurs}}</ref> A ƙarshen Yuli 2022, Watkins ya sami yajin aikin al'umma da kuma dakatar da shi na tsawon mako guda akan YouTube bayan ya watsa wani wasan <nowiki><i id="mwAVw">Minecraft</i></nowiki> na jima'i mai suna "Jenny's Mod" kai tsaye ga masu kallo kai tsaye 96,000. Watsa shirye-shiryen ya nuna ayyukan jima'i a bayyane waɗanda suka shafi halinsa a cikin wasan. Da farko Watkins ya yi bincike a allon amma daga baya ya bayyana abubuwan da ke ciki ba da gangan ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Polhamus |first=Blaine |date=July 22, 2022 |title='I'm banned': IShowSpeed says goodbye after controversial YouTube stream |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/im-banned-ishowspeed-says-goodbye-after-controversial-youtube-stream |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324165607/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/im-banned-ishowspeed-says-goodbye-after-controversial-youtube-stream |archive-date=March 24, 2023 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=Dot Esports}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2022, an yi wa Watkins bulala yayin da yake watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye a YouTube. Jami'an tsaro sun yi masa daurin talala, kuma an tilasta wa mai daukar hotonsa ya dakatar da watsa shirye-shiryen. Daga baya ya yi ikirarin cewa an daure shi kuma Adin Ross ya bayar da belin sa, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar komawa watsa shirye-shiryen a ranar 11 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsiaoussidis |first=Alex |date=August 12, 2022 |title=IShowSpeed claims police put him in jail after YouTube swatting and Adin Ross had to bail him out |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-claims-police-jail-youtube-swatting-adin-ross-bail-out |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007084920/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-claims-police-jail-youtube-swatting-adin-ross-bail-out |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=Dot Esports}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2022, Watkins ya shiga gasar sada zumunta ta Sidemen . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutelle |first=Sam |date=September 26, 2022 |title=The latest Sidemen soccer match raised over £1 million for charity and drew 2.6 million concurrent viewers |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2022/09/26/sidemen-charity-soccer-football-match-ksi-miniminter-i-show-speed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801071650/https://www.tubefilter.com/2022/09/26/sidemen-charity-soccer-football-match-ksi-miniminter-i-show-speed/ |archive-date=August 1, 2025 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[Tubefilter]]}}</ref> A lokacin wasan, ya fusata da alkalin wasa Mark Clattenburg saboda kin amincewa da kwallo da ya ci saboda offside ; Watkins ya yi wa Clattenburg da rigar da ya cire a lokacin bikinsa, inda ya samu katin rawaya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Harry |date=September 26, 2022 |title=8 of best moments from the Sidemen Charity football match |url=https://www.indy100.com/sport/sidemen-charity-football-match-highlights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117103416/https://www.indy100.com/sport/sidemen-charity-football-match-highlights |archive-date=November 17, 2025 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |website=[[Indy100]] |publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 2022, Sky Sports ta sanar da cewa za su daina nuna Watkins a dandamalinsu bayan maganganun batanci da na wulakanci da suka sake bayyana. Mai watsa shirye-shiryen ya cire duk wani abun ciki da ke nuna shi daga shafukan sada zumunta da gidan yanar gizon su. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, Watkins ya fuskanci suka kan zargin tallata wata [[Cryptocurrency da aikata laifuka|zamba ta cryptocurrency]] da aka sani da " tsarin famfo da zubar da kaya " a lokacin wani wasan kai tsaye na The Paradox Metaverse, wani wasan duniya na budewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Polhamus |first=Blaine |date=November 17, 2022 |title=What is the iShowSpeed crypto controversy about? |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-paradox-metaverse-crypto-scam-controversy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110045937/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-paradox-metaverse-crypto-scam-controversy |archive-date=November 10, 2024 |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=Dot Esports}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsiaoussidis |first=Alex |date=November 17, 2022 |title=iShowSpeed's fans are calling him out for promoting an alleged crypto 'scam' and he's not happy |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeeds-fans-calling-him-out-promoting-alleged-crypto-scam-not-happy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120012859/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeeds-fans-calling-him-out-promoting-alleged-crypto-scam-not-happy |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=Dot Esports}}</ref> Washegari, ya nemi afuwa, yana mai cewa: "Na yi kuskure da na yi fatan ban taba yi ba amma ni ba mai zamba ba ne." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geddes |first=George |date=November 17, 2022 |title='I made a mistake': iShowSpeed responds following crypto promotion drama |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/i-made-a-mistake-ishowspeed-responds-following-crypto-promotion-drama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109231316/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/i-made-a-mistake-ishowspeed-responds-following-crypto-promotion-drama |archive-date=November 9, 2025 |access-date=October 1, 2024 |website=Dot Esports}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2022, Watkins ya lashe kyautar "Breakout Streamer" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Streamy karo na 12. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grein |first=Paul |date=December 4, 2022 |title=Mark Rober, MrBeast Win Big at 2022 YouTube Streamy Awards (Full Winners List) |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/2022-youtube-streamy-awards-full-winners-list-mark-rober-mrbeast-1235180954/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224030409/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/2022-youtube-streamy-awards-full-winners-list-mark-rober-mrbeast-1235180954/ |archive-date=December 24, 2025 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> A wannan watan, a lokacin [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]], ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce game da halinsa ga wani mai kallo na kasar Sin a [[Qatar]] . A lokacin da yake watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye, ya tuntubi wani mutum sanye da rigar Argentina; lokacin da mutumin ya nuna cewa bai iya Turanci ba, Watkins ya maimaita cewa "Konnichiwa" kuma ya furta sautuka kamar na Cantonese da [[Mandarin Chinese]] . Bayan suka, ya saka bidiyon neman afuwa a Twitter. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsiaoussidis |first=Alex |date=December 7, 2022 |title=IShowSpeed responds to racism allegations after star's World Cup fan video goes viral |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-responds-to-racism-allegations-after-viral-world-cup-clip |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210180410/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-responds-to-racism-allegations-after-viral-world-cup-clip |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[Dot Esports]]}}</ref> Watkins ya faɗaɗa dandalinsa a watan Mayun 2023 ta hanyar sanar da yarjejeniyar watsa shirye-shirye ta musamman da dandamalin Rumble, tare da haɗin gwiwar Kai Cenat . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shuttleworth |first=Catherine |date=May 17, 2023 |title=What is Rumble? The alternative streaming site that has signed Kai Cenat and iShowSpeed |url=https://www.indy100.com/science-tech/what-is-rumble-kai-cenat |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260111232343/https://www.indy100.com/science-tech/what-is-rumble-kai-cenat |archive-date=January 11, 2026 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=[[Indy100]] |publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Yuni, 2023, ya haɗu da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Portugal, [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], a Lisbon bayan wasan Portugal da Bosnia da Herzegovina . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: YouTuber IShowSpeed Goes Berserk After Meeting Cristiano Ronaldo |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/football/youtuber-ishowspeed-goes-berserk-after-meeting-cristiano-ronaldo-watch-4130741 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525164303/https://sports.ndtv.com/football/youtuber-ishowspeed-goes-berserk-after-meeting-cristiano-ronaldo-watch-4130741 |archive-date=May 25, 2024 |access-date=May 25, 2024 |website=[[NDTV Sports]]}}</ref> Zuwa watan Agusta na 2023, Watkins ya zarce masu biyan kuɗi miliyan 20 a YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Harry |date=August 27, 2023 |title=IShowSpeed dives into camera and crashes stream to mark 20 million subscribers |url=https://www.indy100.com/tiktok/ishowspeed-dives-camera-subscribers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627041533/https://www.indy100.com/tiktok/ishowspeed-dives-camera-subscribers |archive-date=June 27, 2024 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |website=[[Indy100]]}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Agusta, ya [[Al'aurar Namiji|fallasa]] kansa ga masu kallo kai tsaye na masu kallo 25,000 yayin da yake wasan ''Five Nights a Freddy's: Security Breach'' bayan ya firgita da tsoro mai tsalle . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pathak |first=Trisha |date=August 17, 2023 |title=American YouTuber IShowSpeed accidently flashes his privates on live stream |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/american-youtuber-ishowspeed-accidently-flashes-himself-on-live-stream-626361 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817211039/https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/american-youtuber-ishowspeed-accidently-flashes-himself-on-live-stream-626361 |archive-date=August 17, 2023 |access-date=August 18, 2023 |website=[[WION]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pabriga |first=Cedric |date=August 17, 2023 |title=IShowSpeed accidentally flashes viewers during bizarre Five Nights at Freddy's freakout |url=https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-accidentally-flashes-viewers-bizarre-five-nights-at-freddys-freakout |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220103129/https://dotesports.com/streaming/news/ishowspeed-accidentally-flashes-viewers-bizarre-five-nights-at-freddys-freakout |archive-date=December 20, 2025 |access-date=August 17, 2023 |website=Dot Esports}}</ref> Lamarin ya zama wani batu mai jan hankali a shafukan sada zumunta, wanda ya sa wasu mutane suka kira shi "IShowMeat". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ocho |first=Alex |date=August 17, 2023 |title=IShowSpeed Avoids YouTube Ban After Accidentally Exposing Himself During Stream |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/alex-ocho/ishowspeed-avoids-youtube-ban-after-accidentally-exposing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817220023/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/alex-ocho/ishowspeed-avoids-youtube-ban-after-accidentally-exposing |archive-date=August 17, 2023 |access-date=August 17, 2023 |website=Complex}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martinez |first=Jose |date=August 16, 2023 |title='IShowMeat' Trending After IShowSpeed Accidentally Exposes Himself on YouTube Stream |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/jose-martinez/ishowspeed-exposes-himself-youtube-stream-ishowmeat-trending |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817000540/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/jose-martinez/ishowspeed-exposes-himself-youtube-stream-ishowmeat-trending |archive-date=August 17, 2023 |access-date=August 17, 2023 |website=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]}}</ref> bai hana Watkins shiga gasar dambe ta sadaka da KSI ba, inda ya tara kuɗi don gidauniyar Anthony Walker . === 2024–yanzu: Abubuwan da ke cikin tafiye-tafiye, mai watsa shirye-shiryen shekara da ci gaba da haɓaka === [[Fayil:IShowSpeed_in_Chinatown,_Singapore.webm|thumb|356x356px|Watkins yana yawo a titunan Chinatown, Singapore, yayin rangadinsa na Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya a watan Satumba na 2024]] A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2024, Watkins ya shiga gasar "Match for Hope 2024", wani wasan sada zumunta na ƙwallon ƙafa da aka shirya a filin wasa na Ahmad bin Ali, [[Qatar]], inda ya buga wa ƙungiyar Chunkz . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2024 |title=VIDEO {{!}} Match For Hope 2024 Highlights: Team Chunx vs Team AboFlah |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles-video/video-match-for-hope-2024-highlights-team-chunx-vs-team-aboflah-2024-02-23 |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=[[BeIN Sports]]}}</ref> Wani faifan bidiyo nasa ya yaɗu inda ya yi wa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Brazil Kaká zamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2024 |title=Kaka obliterated by tackle from streamer in charity match |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/02/23/kaka-ishowspeed-tackle-match-for-hope-charity-game/ |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2024, Watkins ya halarci bikin Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling da Wake na shekara-shekara a Gloucestershire, Ingila, inda ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana buƙatar a kwantar da shi a asibiti. A watan Yuni da Yuli 2024, a lokacin gasar UEFA Euro 2024, Watkins ya yi rangadin [[Turai]], inda ya kai masu biyan kuɗi miliyan 25 a ranar 2 ga Yuni. A ranar 3 ga Yuli, Watkins ya ziyarci Norway, inda ya yi yawo a wani shagon kayan tarihi. Yayin da yake mu'amala da babban taron magoya baya daga tagar bene na biyu, ya ji rauni a idon sawunsa. Bayan da wani mai gadi ya raka shi, taron jama'a suka kai wa Watkins hari, <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2024 |title=IShowSpeed attacked by Norwegian crowd as he vows never to return |url=https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/ishowspeed-attacked-by-norwegian-crowd-as-he-vows-never-to-return-2807592/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703230849/https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/ishowspeed-attacked-by-norwegian-crowd-as-he-vows-never-to-return-2807592/ |archive-date=July 3, 2024 |access-date=July 4, 2024 |website=Dexerto}}</ref> kuma za a kwantar da shi a asibiti. Yawon shakatawa na Watkins a Turai ya sami masu kallo sama da biliyan 2.5 a dandamalin [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|sada zumunta]] da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2024 |title=IShowSpeed concludes European stream tour with over 2.5 billion views |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/us/en/20240723/695767/ishowspeed-concludes-european-stream-tour-with-over-2-5-billion-views.html |access-date=November 28, 2024 |website=Mundo Deportivo USA}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 2024, Watkins ya yi wani wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye inda ya yi tsalle a kan manyan motoci biyu masu gudu a [[Miami]] . Daga nan aka goge bidiyon a ranar 5 ga Agusta saboda karya Sharuɗɗan Sabis na YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2024 |title=IShowSpeed stuns viewers by jumping over speeding Lamborghini and McLaren back-to-back |url=https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/ishowspeed-stuns-viewers-by-jumping-over-speeding-lamborghini-and-mclaren-back-to-back-2849722/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806043810/https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/ishowspeed-stuns-viewers-by-jumping-over-speeding-lamborghini-and-mclaren-back-to-back-2849722/ |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=Dexerto}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2024 |title=IShowSpeed takes streaming to new heights with daring car jumps |url=https://rollingout.com/2024/08/05/ishowspeed-takes-streaming-to-new-height/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806043810/https://rollingout.com/2024/08/05/ishowspeed-takes-streaming-to-new-height/ |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=rollingout.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2024 |title=US Youtuber IShowSpeed Leaps Over Two Speeding Luxury Cars In Viral Video— Is It Real? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/viral/us-youtuber-ishowspeed-leaps-over-two-speeding-luxury-cars-in-viral-video-is-it-real-article-112261635 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806043810/https://www.timesnownews.com/viral/us-youtuber-ishowspeed-leaps-over-two-speeding-luxury-cars-in-viral-video-is-it-real-article-112261635 |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=Times Now}}</ref> Yayin da yake rangadin a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, ya zarce masu biyan kuɗi miliyan 30 kuma ya tara jimillar masu kallo miliyan 110 a tsawon tafiyar. Ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen Watkins kai tsaye, mai taken "IRL Stream in Indonesia", ya kasance karo na farko da wani mai watsa shirye-shirye mai jin Turanci ya sami masu kallo miliyan ɗaya a lokaci guda a cikin shirin kai tsaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2024 |title=IShowSpeed finishes Southeast Asia tour with absurd viewership stats |url=https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/ishowspeed-finishes-southeast-asia-tour-with-absurd-viewership-stats-2912706/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112234313/https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/ishowspeed-finishes-southeast-asia-tour-with-absurd-viewership-stats-2912706/ |archive-date=November 12, 2024 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=Dexerto}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutelle |first=Sam |date=September 19, 2024 |title=iShowSpeed got one million concurrent viewers in one of Asia's most creator-obsessed countries |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2024/09/19/i-show-speed-asia-tour-youtube-streaming-views-indonesia/ |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=Tubefilter}}</ref> <ref name=":16" /> A watan Nuwamba na 2024, Watkins ya sha kaye a gasar tseren mita 50 da ya yi da Noah Lyles, wanda ya lashe kyautar zinare ta mita 100 ta maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024. [[Mr Beast|MrBeast]] ne ya jagoranci gasar kuma ya shirya ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Jordan |title=Gold medalist Noah Lyles beats popular streamer IShowSpeed in 50m race |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2024/11/07/noah-lyles-streamer-ishowspeed-50m-race-100k/76111569007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212210035/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2024/11/07/noah-lyles-streamer-ishowspeed-50m-race-100k/76111569007/ |archive-date=December 12, 2024 |access-date=November 8, 2024 |website=USA Today}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, Watkins ya fara rangadinsa a Australia da New Zealand. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Chloe |date=November 22, 2024 |title='Excuse me': Famous American Youtuber IShowSpeed brutally rejected by Bondi beauty in live-streamed moment |url=https://www.skynews.com.au/lifestyle/celebrity-life/excuse-me-famous-american-youtuber-ishowspeed-brutally-rejected-by-bondi-beauty-in-livestreamed-moment/news-story/e165011c0017f36cf088ac9672463872 |access-date=November 29, 2024 |website=SkyNews Australia}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, an sanar da cewa Watkins zai zama shugaban gasar Baller League ta Amurka, wacce take da kungiyoyi shida . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2024 |title=Baller League: KSI, Gary Lineker, Luis Figo & John Terry among names involved in new football league |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c3rx5ll9y3zo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130090338/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c3rx5ll9y3zo |archive-date=November 30, 2024 |access-date=December 31, 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, Complex Networks ta sanya shi a matsayi na farko a jerin "Mafi Kyawun Masu Gudarwa 25 a Yanzu". <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2024 |title=The 25 Best Streamers on the Internet Right Now, Ranked |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/levi-winslow/best-internet-streamers-kick-rumble-twitch-youtube |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250204180018/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/levi-winslow/best-internet-streamers-kick-rumble-twitch-youtube |archive-date=February 4, 2025 |access-date=November 29, 2024 |website=[[Complex Networks]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2024, an zaɓe Watkins don kuma ya lashe kyautar "Get Off Your A** Award (Mafi kyawun IRL Streamer)", "Mafi kyawun mai watsa shirye-shirye na duniya", da kuma kyautar "mai watsa shirye-shirye na shekara" ta kyautar Streamer ta 2024. <ref name=":10"/> Daga baya a wannan watan ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Tasirin Ƙwallon Ƙafa" ta kyautar Goal Champions Awards . <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Most Influential Soccer Creator |url=https://www.goal.com/goalchampions/most-influentia-soccer-creator |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221065604/https://www.goal.com/goalchampions/most-influentia-soccer-creator |archive-date=December 21, 2024 |access-date=December 21, 2024 |website=GOAL Champions |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2025, Watkins ya sanar da cewa zai yi rangadin Kudancin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Tara |date=January 10, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed's South America IRL Tour |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/cmplxtara-mahadevan/ishowspeed-announces-irl-streaming-tour-south-america |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250204180012/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/cmplxtara-mahadevan/ishowspeed-announces-irl-streaming-tour-south-america |archive-date=February 4, 2025 |access-date=January 12, 2025 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Janairu, a lokacin rangadinsa a Peru, an ayyana shi a matsayin magajin garin Lima na tsawon awa daya ta hannun Rafael López Aliaga, magajin garin, wanda shi ma ya ayyana shi a matsayin " jakadan Lima ". Daga baya a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2025, Watkins ya shiga gasar "Match for Hope 2025", wani taron agajin ƙwallon ƙafa da aka shirya a filin wasa na 974, Qatar, a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar Chunkz da IShowSpeed, inda suka fafata da ƙungiyar AboFlah da KSI. Wasan ya ƙare da nasarar da ƙungiyar AboFlah da KSI suka samu a kan ƙungiyar Chunkz da IShowSpeed da ci 6-5. Taron ya sami nasarar tara sama da dala miliyan 10.7 don ayyukan agaji. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Jacob |date=February 14, 2025 |title=USMNT boss Mauricio Pochettino coaches team Chunkz x IShowSpeed to narrow 6-5 loss vs. team KSI x AboFlah at Match For Hope charity game |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/usmnt-boss-mauricio-pochettino-coaches-team-chunkz-x-ishowspeed-in-thrilling-6-5-loss-vs-team-ksi-x-aboflah-at-match-for-hope-charity-game/blt3fc2dbe393375935 |access-date=February 14, 2025 |website=GOAL |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:IShowSpeed's_first_goal_at_2025_Sidemen_Charity_Match.webm|thumb|300x300px|Watkins ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan sadaka a wasan sadaka na Sidemen a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] a watan Maris na 2025]] A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2025, Watkins ya fito a cikin shirin CBS Sports Golazo na [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] . <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Mcbride |first=Joseph |date=March 5, 2025 |title=iShowSpeed rips pants in crotch during sprint race with Jamie Carragher |url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/ishowspeed-rips-pants-crotch-during-235812095.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACuDvJwa-uuXE7uTsCtzDu0Wz7L5-T4wilgMCbP33exVnnUDhOi8wSHtCzhZm3DQSE4GIHJbR3eXHtsGd-bYtmkpDcQ4TqCE0p8kHl1GiVKuRn0U2Yi3opqkgksEKHTw3VyDwl4eyX2cZ8t5m4jbzI7RcWYEFZUrnj1UoLLYa1Up |access-date=March 5, 2025 |website=Yahoo Sports }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga baya a ranar 8 ga Maris, 2025, Watkins ya shiga gasar sada zumunta ta Sidemen ta 2025, wacce aka gudanar a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] da ke Landan, United Kingdom. Ya kasance kyaftin kuma ɗan wasa a ƙungiyar YouTube Allstars, ya zura ƙwallo ta farko a jerin wasannin sada zumunta a minti na 56, bayan ya kasa zura ƙwallo a wasanni biyu da ya buga a baya. Daga baya Watkins ya sami nasara a kan YouTube Allstars ta hanyar yin bugun fenariti mai mahimmanci a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Alex |date=March 8, 2025 |title=Speed scores winning penalty as YouTube Allstars win Sidemen Charity Match |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/sidemen-charity-match-2025-speed-penalty-youtube-allstars-b1215504.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308233734/https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/sidemen-charity-match-2025-speed-penalty-youtube-allstars-b1215504.html |archive-date=March 8, 2025 |access-date=March 10, 2025 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2025, Watkins ya sanar da cewa zai yi rangadin a babban yankin China da [[Mangoliya|Mongolia]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alston |first=Trey |date=March 19, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed Announces China Streaming Tour: 'Here I Come' |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/treyalston/ishowspeed-china-streaming-tour |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401085802/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/treyalston/ishowspeed-china-streaming-tour |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin rangadin nasa, kafofin watsa labarai na gwamnatin kasar Sin da masu amfani da intanet na kasar Sin sun yaba wa Watkins saboda "haɓaka kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin kasar Sin da Amurka". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Glaze |first=Virginia |date=March 28, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed praised by Chinese government as streams go viral |url=https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/ishowspeed-praised-by-chinese-government-as-streams-go-viral-3171467/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401082432/https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/ishowspeed-praised-by-chinese-government-as-streams-go-viral-3171467/ |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=Dexerto |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Razdan |first=Khushboo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=China hails US YouTube star who gets 10 million views in Beijing, Shanghai |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3304034/china-hails-us-youtube-star-who-racks-10-million-views-beijing-shanghai-streams |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405052802/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3304034/china-hails-us-youtube-star-who-racks-10-million-views-beijing-shanghai-streams |archive-date=April 5, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":14" /> Sabanin rafukansa a babban yankin China, rafukan Watkins a [[Hong Kong]] sun kasance cikin rudani saboda cunkoso da cin zarafi daga magoya bayan gida; hawansa a kan MTR ya haifar da lalacewar magoya baya a tashar Tin Hau . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Wynna |last2=Kong |first2=Harvey |last3=Mycroft |first3=Connor |date=April 4, 2025 |title=YouTube superstar IShowSpeed attracts crowds and chaos with his Hong Kong debut |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/society/article/3305178/ishowspeed-hong-kong-youtube-star-meets-pandas-fans-flock-selfies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404043905/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/society/article/3305178/ishowspeed-hong-kong-youtube-star-meets-pandas-fans-flock-selfies |archive-date=April 4, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Countries_visited_by_IShowSpeed.svg|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar da ke nuna ƙasashen da IShowSpeed ya ziyarta a shirye-shiryensa kai tsaye <ref>{{YouTube|title=IShowSpeed}}</ref> ----]] A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2025, an yi wa Watkins fashi a wani shagon KFC yayin wani shirin talabijin na Cinco de Mayo IRL kai tsaye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rossi |first=José V. |date=May 6, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed Swatted While IRL Streaming |url=https://gamerant.com/ishowspeed-swatted-while-irl-streaming-kfc/ |access-date=May 20, 2025 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2025, Watkins ya sanar da yin rangadin karo na biyu zuwa Turai, ya kuma fara watsa shirye-shirye a shafin Twitch a karon farko cikin shekaru hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murko |first=Dmytro |date=July 7, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed will return to Twitch during the new Europe tour |url=https://streamscharts.com/news/ishowspeed-will-return-twitch-during-new-europe-tour |access-date=July 7, 2025 |website=Streams Charts |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Yuli, Watkins ya ziyarci Serbia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Najpoznatiji jutjuber na svetu stigao u Srbiju: Histerija u Beogradu VIDEO |url=https://www.b92.net/zivot/aktuelno/144739/ishowspeed-stigao-u-srbiju/vest |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=B92.net |language=sr}}</ref> kuma a can ya haɗu da Baka Prase, wanda ya ba shi kyautar €30,000 <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2025 |title=Srpski influencer poklonio IShowSpeedu Rolex u vrijednosti 30.000 eura |url=https://net.hr/hot/zvijezde/nevjerojatno-srpski-influencer-poklonio-ishowspeedu-rolex-u-vrijednosti-30-000-eura-294081b1-5dba-11f0-be08-9600040c8f8e |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=net.hr |language=hr}}</ref> Rolex a matsayin kyauta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikolić |first=Anja |title=Baka Prase troši kao lud: IShowSpeed-u dao Roleks na poklon, mreže se usijale! (VIDEO) |url=https://24sedam.rs/showbiz/vesti/401828/baka-prase-poklonio-roleks-ishowspeedu/vest |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=24sedam |language=sr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Baka Prase poklonio IShowSpeedu Rolex |url=https://www.index.hr/clanak.aspx?id=2689074 |access-date=November 18, 2025 |website=www.index.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A Latvia, halayen Watkins a tushen Freedom Monument da kuma biyan Yuro 30,000 daga Hukumar Zuba Jari da Ci Gaba ta Latvia don biyan kuɗin tafiye-tafiye na Watkins sun jawo suka daga jama'ar Latvia. Daga baya a ranar 22 ga Yuli, Watkins ya shiga gasar MLS All-Star Skills Challenge, inda ya shiga tare da ɗan wasan USMNT da Orlando City Alex Freeman a ƙalubalen harbi da wucewa, kodayake ba a ƙidaya sakamakonsa ga jimillar sakamakon ba. Watkins ya kuma bai wa mai tsaron gida na Houston Dynamo 2 Pedro Cruz bel ɗin wanda ya yi nasara bayan nasarar da ya samu a gasar Goalie Wars. A ranar 28 ga Agusta, 2025, Watkins ya fara rangadin "Speed Dos America", wanda ya ɗauki tsawon kwanaki 35, ana watsa shi kai tsaye a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma yana watsa shi a YouTube da Twitch yayin da yake ziyartar jihohi 25. A wannan watan, ''Rolling Stone'' ya sanya masa suna "Mafi Tasirin Mahalicci na 2025". An kammala rangadin ne a filin wasa na Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, inda Watkins ya karbi bakuncin fara shirinsa na YouTube mai sassa biyar ''Speed Goes Pro'' . Wasu shahararrun mutane sun halarci taron, ciki har da Justin Bieber, [[Kim Kardashian]], Suni Lee, [[DDG (rapper)|DDG]], da Randy Orton . <ref name="vibe">{{Cite web |last=Inman |first=DeMicia |date=October 1, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed Launches 'Speed Goes Pro!' Series At Sports-Themed Premiere |url=https://www.vibe.com/gallery/ishowspeed-launches-speed-goes-pro-series-at-sports-themed-premiere-1235129377/ |access-date=October 8, 2025 |website=VIBE.com |language=en-US}}</ref> An shirya shi ta OBB Pictures kuma Dick's Sporting Goods ne suka dauki nauyinsa, kuma shirin ya kunshi Watkins yayin da yake kokarin cimma matakin kwarewa na kwararrun 'yan wasa a wasanni daban-daban ta hanyar horarwa da kwararrun 'yan wasa kamar Tom Brady, Suni Lee, Nastia Liukin, Joey Chestnut, da [[Kevin Durant]] . <ref name="SPG" /> <ref name="vibe" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed Announces New "Speed Goes Pro" YouTube Series |url=https://www.complex.com/sports/a/complex/ishowspeed-youtube-series-speed-goes-pro |access-date=November 12, 2025 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> An ƙara kayayyaki biyu da za a iya siya bisa ga kamannin Watkins zuwa ''Fortnite Battle Royale'' a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2025 |title=December 25th 2025 Item Shop |url=https://fnbr.co/shop/december-25-2025 |publisher=FNBR.co}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2025, Watkins ya fara rangadin "Speed Do Africa", inda ya yi ta yaɗa shirye-shiryensa kai tsaye a ƙasashen Afirka 20 cikin kwanaki 28. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 21, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed Announces Africa Livestream Tour With New Trailer |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/alex-ocho/ishowspeed-announces-africa-livestream-tour-with-new-trailer |access-date=December 29, 2025 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin rangadinsa a Masar, Watkins ya zama mai ƙirƙirar abun ciki na farko da ya yi yaɗa shirye-shiryensa a cikin Babban Dala na Giza . <ref>{{Cite web |title=IShowSpeed Makes History as the First Creator to Stream Inside the Pyramids |url=https://www.bet.com/article/n4jaf0/ishowspeed-makes-history-as-the-first-creator-to-stream-inside-the-pyramids |access-date=2026-01-30 |website=BET |language=en}}</ref> Yayin da yake rangadin aiki a [[Najeriya]], ya yi bikin cika shekaru 21 a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2026, yayin da tashar sa ta YouTube ta zarce masu biyan kuɗi miliyan 50 a wannan rana, inda ya zama baƙar fata na farko da ya yi fice a fannin yaɗa shirye-shiryen. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2026 |title=IShowSpeed hits 50 million YouTube subscribers on his 21st birthday during Nigeria stream |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us-streamers/ishowspeed-hits-50-million-youtube-subscribers-on-his-21st-birthday-during-nigeria-stream/articleshow/127044997.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2026 |title=KWS wishes iShowSpeed happy birthday |url=https://the-star.co.ke/news/2026-01-21-kws-wishes-ishowspeed-happy-birthday |website=[[The Star (Kenya)|The Star]]}}</ref> Bayan ziyararsa zuwa [[Ghana]], an sanar da cewa an ba shi izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Ghana. A watan Fabrairun 2026, Doritos ya fitar da wani abun ciye-ciye mai ɗan gajeren bugu tare da haɗin gwiwar Watkins a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Swap na Dandano". Samfurin ya nuna ɗanɗanon "Cheddar & Sour Cream" na Ruffles a kan guntun Doritos na gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PepsiCo's first creator-led product launch reimagines chips for Gen Z {{!}} Marketing Dive |url=https://www.marketingdive.com/news/pepsicos-first-creator-led-product-launch-reimagines-chips-for-gen-z/812502/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=www.marketingdive.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Maris, 2026, Watkins ya buga wasa a karon farko na Fanatics Flag Football Classic a Los Angeles da 'yan wasan NFL na yanzu da na baya. A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2026, Watkins ya fara rangadin Caribbean, inda ya yi ta yaɗa shirye-shiryensa kai tsaye a ƙasashen Caribbean 15. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2026 |title=IShowSpeed Releases Trailer for Caribbean Tour |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/music/articles/ishowspeed-releases-trailer-caribbean-tour-215059674.html |access-date=April 25, 2026 |website=Yahoo Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2026, Watkins ya isa [[Jamaika|Jamaica]], inda 'yan rawa na Junkanoo suka tarbe shi a filin jirgin saman Norman Manley . Kafin ya isa Jamaica, rangadin ya haɗa da tsayawa a [[Trinidad da Tobago]], [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominican]], [[Puerto Rico]], da sauransu. A watan Yunin 2026, Watkins ya fara "Ziyarar Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2026", jerin shirye-shiryen kai tsaye da ke yawo a wurare daban-daban a [[2026 FIFA World Cup|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.]] Ya kuma yi hadin gwiwa da [[FIFA]], Fox Sports, da YouTube don daukar nauyin wasannin kwaikwayo kai tsaye na zababbun wasanni ga masu kallo na Amurka, wadanda aka watsa ta hanyar tashar YouTube ta Fox One. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kleen |first=Brendon |date=2026-06-18 |title=Star content creator iShowSpeed strikes deal with FIFA, Fox, and YouTube to stream live World Cup games |url=https://awfulannouncing.com/fox/ishowspeed-deal-stream-live-fifa-world-cup-games.html |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=Awful Announcing |language=en-US}}</ref> Bugu da kari, Watkins ya zama mutum mai iya bugawa a cikin FIFA Heroes kuma ya bayyana a murfin wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-06-24 |title=iShowSpeed Joins FIFA Heroes |url=https://soccergaming.com/fifa-heroes-launches-with-ishowspeed-as-playable-character/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=Soccer Gaming |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli, FIFA ta sanar da bincike bayan zargin [[Wariyar launin fata|cin zarafin wariyar launin fata]] da wani mai goyon bayan Argentina ya yi masa a zagaye na 32 na nasarar da Argentina ta samu da ci 3-2 a kan Cape Verde . Wata sanarwa daga baya ta ce, "FIFA ta yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata, ƙiyayya da wariya ta kowane fanni." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-07 |title=World Cup 2026: Fifa launches investigation into alleged racist abuse of IShowSpeed |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c1my1pr18jmo |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-07 |title=FIFA is investigating an incident between a fan and streamer IShowSpeed at a World Cup match |url=https://apnews.com/article/ishowspeed-world-cup-fifa-e6a93908ed4f8c1b9dea5865142ed2fa |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin kiɗa == A watan Agusta na 2021, Watkins ya fitar da wakarsa ta farko, "Dooty Booty", a tashar sa ta YouTube. Bayan an ɗora ta, waƙar ta shahara cikin sauri a YouTube da sauran shafukan sada zumunta, kamar [[TikTok]] . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Crates |first=Jake |date=August 26, 2021 |title=IShowSpeed - "Dooty Booty" |url=https://allhiphop.com/music/ishowspeed-dooty-booty/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313105341/https://allhiphop.com/music/ishowspeed-dooty-booty/ |archive-date=March 13, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=AllHipHop}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, Watkins ya fitar da waƙar mai suna "Shake", wacce ta ɗauki samfurin " Ready or Not " na Fugees da kuma " Hit The Road Jack " na [[Ray Charles]] . Bidiyon waƙar da ke tare da ita ya sami masu kallo sama da miliyan 211 a YouTube. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2022 |title=Is IShowSpeed The New King Of Content? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/ishowspeed-king-content-124500727.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007085555/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/ishowspeed-king-content-124500727.html |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=Yahoo Entertainment}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2022, ya fitar da wata waka mai suna "Ronaldo (Sewey)", bayan sabuwar sha'awarsa ga [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] . <ref name=":6"/> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2022 |title=Ronaldo (SEWY) - Single by IShowSpeed on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ronaldo-sewy-single/1631399207 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126191408/https://music.apple.com/us/album/ronaldo-sewy-single/1631399207 |archive-date=November 26, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> A watan Nuwamban 2022, ya fitar da wata waka mai taken " Kofin Duniya " a karkashin Warner Records don girmama [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022.]] <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Bluetec |first=D. J. |date=November 10, 2022 |title=Cincinnati's IShowSpeed gears up for "World Cup" with new anthem |url=https://hiphopcanada.com/ishowspeed-world-cup-anthem-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218184518/https://hiphopcanada.com/ishowspeed-world-cup-anthem-video/ |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=HipHopCanada.com |language=en-CA}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2023, Watkins ya kasance bako mai ban mamaki a bikin Rolling Loud na 2023 a Portugal kuma ya yi waka mai suna "Shake", "Kofin Duniya" da "Portuginies" tare da goyon bayan mawakin Amurka Ski Mask da kuma furodusa DJ Scheme . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 7, 2023 |title=IShowSpeed shocks crowd with performance at Rolling Loud |url=https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/ishowspeed-shocks-crowd-with-performance-at-rolling-loud-2204142/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715061242/https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/ishowspeed-shocks-crowd-with-performance-at-rolling-loud-2204142/ |archive-date=July 15, 2023 |access-date=July 7, 2023 |website=Dexerto}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2024, Watkins ya fitar da wasansa na farko mai tsawo ''Trip 2 Brazil.'' A watan Yunin 2026, waƙarsa " Kofin Duniya (Zakarun Turai) " ta shiga cikin ''Kundin Waƙoƙin FIFA na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2026.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-06-02 |title=FIFA unveils Official FIFA World Cup 2026™ Album squad for the biggest FIFA World Cup in history |url=https://inside.fifa.com/organisation/media-releases/unveils-official-album-biggest-world-cup-2026-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260603163326/https://inside.fifa.com/organisation/media-releases/unveils-official-album-biggest-world-cup-2026-history |archive-date=2026-06-03 |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=inside.fifa.com |language=en }}</ref> == Sauran kasuwanci == === Kokawa ta ƙwararru === [[Fayil:IShowSpeed_RR25.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Watkins zai fafata a gasar Royal Rumble ta maza ta 2025]] A watan Afrilun 2024, Watkins ya raka Logan Paul a lokacin kare gasar cin kofin Amurka a dare na biyu na gasar WrestleMania XL ta WWE . Da farko ya yi kama da Prime mascot, ya fallasa abin rufe fuska a lokacin wasan kafin Randy Orton ya sanya shi a daya daga cikin teburin watsa shirye-shirye tare da ''RKO'' . <ref name="WM40N2">{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=April 7, 2024 |title=WrestleMania XL results: Powell's live review of night two with Roman Reigns vs. Cody Rhodes for the WWE Universal Championship with Bloodline Rules, Seth Rollins vs. Drew McIntyre for the World Heavyweight Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/07/wrestlemania-xl-results-powells-live-review-of-night-two-with-roman-reigns-vs-cody-rhodes-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-with-bloodline-rules-seth-rollins-vs-drew-mcintyre-for-the-world-heav/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520212115/https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/07/wrestlemania-xl-results-powells-live-review-of-night-two-with-roman-reigns-vs-cody-rhodes-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-with-bloodline-rules-seth-rollins-vs-drew-mcintyre-for-the-world-heav/ |archive-date=May 20, 2024 |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, Watkins ya sanar da zaɓaɓɓun zagaye na biyu na kamfanin Raw a lokacin gasar WWE ta 2024 a ''ranar Litinin Night Raw'' . <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Quiles Jr. |first=Fernando |date=April 29, 2024 |title=WWE Monday Night Raw Results: Night 2 of WWE Draft 2024, Will Braun Strowman Return? |url=https://www.si.com/wrestling/wwe-monday-night-raw-results-wwe-draft-2024-night-2-braun-strowman |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> Ya shiga wasan Royal Rumble na maza na 2025, inda shi da Bron Breakker suka kawar da Otis, amma Breakker ya yi masa duka kuma aka cire shi jim kaɗan bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WWE Royal Rumble 2025 Live Updates: Braun Strowman Eliminates Jacob Fatu, AJ Styles Returns |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/wwe-royal-rumble-2025-live-updates-road-to-wrestlemania-john-cena-cody-rhodes-lucas-oil-stadium-liveblog-9210956.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250202161415/https://www.news18.com/sports/wwe-royal-rumble-2025-live-updates-road-to-wrestlemania-john-cena-cody-rhodes-lucas-oil-stadium-liveblog-9210956.html |archive-date=February 2, 2025 |access-date=February 2, 2025 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> A cikin wani shiri na watan Nuwamba na shirinsa na yanar gizo ''Speed Goes Pro'', an rubuta Watkins yana horo tare da 'yan kokawa daban-daban na WWE a Cibiyar Aiki . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=November 26, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed Competes In Full Match At WWE PC |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/ishowspeed-competes-in-full-match-at-wwe-pc-randy-orton-thinks-speed-can-be-a-wwe-superstar?xv=20251126191315 |access-date=April 16, 2026 |website=Fightful |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Maris da Afrilun 2026, ya yi wasanni da dama a ''Raw'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Skylar |date=March 23, 2026 |title=IShowSpeed Struts With Penta, Gets Cursed By Danhausen |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/ishowspeed-struts-with-penta-gets-cursed-by-danhausen-on-wwe-raw?xv=20260324015333 |access-date=April 16, 2026 |website=Fightful |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Skylar |date=March 30, 2026 |title=IShowSpeed Helps The Vision Win Tag Gold On WWE Raw |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535?xv=20260331004444 |access-date=April 16, 2026 |website=Fightful |language=en-US}}</ref> inda ya shiga cikin wani labari a kan allo inda ya yi daidai da The Vision (Logan Paul da Austin Theory ) a kan The Usos da LA Knight, wanda ya kai ga wasan da aka yi tsakanin 'yan wasa shida a WrestleMania 42, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Skylar |date=April 6, 2026 |title=LA Knight & IShowSpeed Trios Match Set For WrestleMania 42 |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/la-knight-the-usos-to-face-ishowspeed-logan-paul-austin-theory-at-wwe-wrestlemania-42?xv=20260407005429 |access-date=April 16, 2026 |website=Fightful |language=en-US}}</ref> inda ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi. Bayan wasan, Paul ya kai hari kan Watkins, bayan haka Watkins ya yi bugun sama a kan Paul ta hanyar talabijin tare da taimakon Knight da The Usos. <ref name="WMania42">{{Cite web |last=Mahjouri |first=Shakiel |date=April 18, 2026 |title=WrestleMania 42: IShowSpeed wipes out Logan Paul with wild top rope dive onto commentary desk |url=https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/wrestlemania-42-results-ishowspeed-logan-paul/ |access-date=April 19, 2026 |website=CBS Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Imani na mutum == Watkins mai goyon bayan [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasdinu]] ne, ya nuna adawarsa ga Isra'ila, kuma yana yawan ihu " Falasdinu 'Yanci! " a shirye-shiryensa kai tsaye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grant |first=Kitty |date=January 19, 2026 |title=Crowds roar for YouTuber IShowSpeed’s surprise appearance at AFCON |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/ishowspeed-wraps-africa-tour-afcon-final-appearance |access-date=May 16, 2026 |website=[[The New Arab]]}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2024, ya bayar da gudummawar dala 50,000 ga Asusun Agajin Yara na Falasdinu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmad |first=Sayima |date=2024-06-15 |title=IShowSpeed donates 50,000 USD to Palestine relief |url=https://www.siasat.com/ishowspeed-donates-50000-usd-to-palestine-relief-3045531/ |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Atharv |date=2024-06-12 |title=IShowSpeed donates $50,000 to Palestine Relief after winning MrBeast's Wipeout challenge |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/us/streamers/news-ishowspeed-donates-50-000-palestine-relief-winning-mrbeast-s-wipeout-challenge |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref> == Kundin Waƙoƙi == === Wasannin da aka faɗaɗa === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin EPs, tare da zaɓaɓɓun bayanai ! scope="col" | Lakabi ! scope="col" | Cikakkun bayanai game da EP |- ! scope="row" | ''Tafiya ta 2 Brazil'' | * An Saki: Maris 24, 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2024 |title=Spotify – IShowSpeed – Trip 2 Brazil |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/48o3p2p88HTSaiH8lKpgZ3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121234506/https://open.spotify.com/album/48o3p2p88HTSaiH8lKpgZ3 |archive-date=November 21, 2024 |access-date=November 21, 2024 |website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref> * Lakabi: Warner Records * Tsarin: Saukewa ta dijital, yawo |- ! scope="row" | ''Ƙungiyar Gudun Gudu'' | * An Saki: 1 ga Agusta, 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Spotify – IShowSpeed – Speed Gang |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/33YnFqfVXKRRXLVzsahwaP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121234506/https://open.spotify.com/album/48o3p2p88HTSaiH8lKpgZ3 |archive-date=November 21, 2024 |access-date=November 21, 2024 |website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref> * Lakabi: Warner Records * Tsarin: Saukewa ta dijital, yawo |} === Marasa aure === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+List of singles, with selected chart positions ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:19em;" |Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Year ! colspan="5" |Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" |Certifications ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |IRE<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Discography ishowspeed |url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=ishowspeed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513072124/http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=ishowspeed |archive-date=May 13, 2023 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=irishcharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NLD<nowiki><br id="mwBDE"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Tip<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NZ<nowiki><br id="mwBDk"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Hot<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=IShowSpeed Chart History {{!}} Singles |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/artists/ishowspeed/zwdwksdzmdmw/singles |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=[[Official Aotearoa Music Charts]] |language=en}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWE<nowiki><br id="mwBEE"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Heat.<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |UK<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=IShowSpeed {{!}} full Official Chart History |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/63711/ishowspeed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202200025/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/63711/ishowspeed/ |archive-date=December 2, 2022 |access-date=November 25, 2022 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Lying" | rowspan="10" |2021 |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="18" {{Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Dooty Booty"<ref name=":5"/> |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Bounce That A$$" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"One More Chance" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"NFL Freestyle" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Shake"<ref name=":6"/> |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Love In These Streets" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"How I Feel" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"I Dont Like You" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"One Piece" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Shake Pt.2" | rowspan="5" |2022 |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"F.U.C." |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"God Is Good"<ref name=":6" /> |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Ronaldo (Sewey)"<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7"/> |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"World Cup"<ref name=":8"/> |37 |1 |29 |6 |52 | * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA">{{Cite certification|title=|access-date=June 6, 2026}}</ref> * ZPAV: Gold<ref>{{Cite web |title="OLiS - oficjalna lista wyróżnień" |url=https://www.olis.pl/charts/oficjalna-lista-wyroznien |access-date=6 June 2026 |website=[[Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry]] |language=PL}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Dogs"<br /><br />{{Small|(with [[Kai Cenat]])}} | rowspan="3" |2023 |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Portuginies" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Come My Way" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Monkey" | rowspan="2" |2024 |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="2" |''Trip 2 Brazil'' |- ! scope="row" |"Get Down" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Higher" | rowspan="6" |2025 |— |— |— |— |—[A] | | rowspan="6" |''Speed Gang'' |- ! scope="row" |"Fight to Win" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Bailar" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Big Girls" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Headshot / Gas in the Truck" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"I Know" |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"World Cup (Champions)"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Turner-Williams |first=Jaelani |date=2026-06-01 |title=Listen to IShowSpeed’s 2026 FIFA World Cup Song “World Cup (Champions)” |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/jaelaniturnerwilliams/ishowspeed-world-cup-champions-song |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] |language=en}}</ref> |2026 |— |10 |33 |— |—[B] | |''FIFA World Cup 2026 Official Album'' |} ==== Bayanan kula ====   == Fim ɗin fim == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+Fim ! scope="col" | Shekara ! scope="col" | Lakabi ! scope="col" | Matsayin ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2024 ! scope="row" | ''Labarin Sidemen'' | kansa | [[Documentary film|Takardar bayanai]] ; Cameo | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="Sidemen Doc">{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Furvah |date=February 2, 2024 |title=Sidemen's Netflix documentary: Release date, trailer, cast and more |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/entertainment/a46623709/sidemen-netflix-documentary-release-date-trailer-cast/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206153343/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/entertainment/a46623709/sidemen-netflix-documentary-release-date-trailer-cast/ |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |access-date=February 6, 2024 |website=Cosmopolitan}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''K-Pops!'' | kansa | Kameo | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sirikul |first=Laura |date=January 14, 2026 |title=Anderson .Paak's Directorial Debut, 'K-Pops!,' Drops Its First Trailer |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurasirikul/2026/01/14/anderson-paaks-directorial-debut-k-pops-drops-its-first-trailer/ |access-date=May 19, 2026 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+Talabijin ! scope="col" | Shekara ! scope="col" | Lakabi ! scope="col" | Matsayin ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" | 2024 | scope="row" | ''WrestleMania XL'' | rowspan="6" | kansa | An ɓoye shi kamar kwalbar Prime | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Jeremy |title=YouTuber IShowSpeed On How His WrestleMania 40 Appearance Happened |url=https://411mania.com/wrestling/ishowspeed-how-wrestlemania-40-appearance-happened/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230175121/https://411mania.com/wrestling/ishowspeed-how-wrestlemania-40-appearance-happened/ |archive-date=December 30, 2024 |access-date=December 30, 2024 |website=411mania}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2024–2026 | scope="row" | ''WWE Litinin Dare RAW'' | Shirye-shirye 5 | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":12"/> |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" | 2025 | scope="row" | ''Royal Rumble: Indianapolis'' | Mai shiga 8 | style="text-align:center;" | |- | scope="row" | ''Wasannin CBS Golazo'' | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name=":13"/> |- | scope="row" | ''Speed Goes Pro'' | Jerin shirye-shiryen YouTube guda biyar | style="text-align:center;" | |- ! scope="row" | 2026 | scope="row" | ''WrestleMania 42'' | Ya fafata a wasan ƙungiyar 'yan wasa shida | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="WMania42"/> |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0;" |+Jerin bayyanar bidiyon kiɗa ! scope="col" | Shekara ! scope="col" | Lakabi ! scope="col" | Mai zane(s) ! scope="col" | Matsayin ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2022 | "Mu tafi" | Tion Wayne ft. Aitch | rowspan="3" | kansa | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Tion Wayne & Aitch Head To The Golf Course For "Let's Go"... |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/ezra-olaoyo/tion-wayne-aitch-lets-go |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204150634/https://www.complex.com/music/a/ezra-olaoyo/tion-wayne-aitch-lets-go |archive-date=December 4, 2024 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=Complex}}</ref> |- | "Kada ka yi ƙarya" | A1 x J1 ft. Nemzzz | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 14, 2022 |title=A1 x J1 - Don't Lie (Official Video) ft. Nemzzz |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7T91yz8kMy8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317045900/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7T91yz8kMy8 |archive-date=March 17, 2024 |access-date=March 17, 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2024 | "Ina zan je" | Vikkstar, Nicky Romero, Alpharock da Oaks | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2024 |title=Vikkstar x Nicky Romero x Alpharock x Oaks - Where Do I Go [Music Video] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvUrKWPMQYc |access-date=May 7, 2025 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" |+Wasanin bidiyo ! Shekara ! Lakabi ! Matsayin ! Bayani |- | 2024 | ''Yaƙin Royale na Fortnite'' | kansa | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Challies |first=Josh |date=2025-12-23 |title=IShowSpeed Coming to Fortnite as Latest Icon Series |url=https://insider-gaming.com/ishowspeed-coming-to-fortnite-as-latest-icon-series/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=Insider Gaming |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 2026 | ''Jaruman FIFA'' | kansa | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Botadkar |first=Tanish |date=2026-06-25 |title=FIFA Heroes kicks off on mobile with IShowSpeed, Central Cee and football stars |url=https://www.pocketgamer.com/fifa-heroes/official-launch-android-ios/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=www.pocketgamer.com |language=en}}</ref> |} == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai don IShowSpeed ! Shekara ! Bikin ! Nau'i ! Sakamako ! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2022 | rowspan="4" | Kyaututtukan Streamy | Mai watsa shirye-shirye na shekara| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=12th Annual Streamy Nominees |url=https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/12th-annual-nominees/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828055513/https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/12th-annual-nominees/ |archive-date=August 28, 2023 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=The Streamy Awards}}</ref> |- | Mai watsa shirye-shirye na Breakout| {{Won}} |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | 2023 | Mai watsa shirye-shirye na shekara| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=13th Annual Streamy Winners |url=https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/13th-annual-nominees/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901233930/https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/13th-annual-nominees/ |archive-date=September 1, 2023 |access-date=August 28, 2023 |website=The Streamy Awards}}</ref> |- | Na'urar Rarraba Iri-iri| {{Won}} |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" | 2024 | rowspan="3" | Kyaututtukan Streamer | Ka samu kyautar A** (Mafi kyawun mai watsa shirye-shiryen IRL)| {{Won}} | rowspan="3" | |- | Mafi kyawun Watsa Labarai na Ƙasashen Duniya| {{Won}} |- | Mai watsa shirye-shirye na shekara| {{Won}} |- | Kyaututtukan Zakarun GOAL | Mafi Tasirin Ƙwallon Ƙafa| {{Won}} | <ref name=":11"/> |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" | 2025 | Kyaututtukan Zaɓin Yara | Ɗan Wasan da Aka Fi So| {{Won}} | |- | rowspan="3" | Kyaututtukan Streamer | Mai watsa shirye-shirye na shekara|{{Won}} | rowspan="3" | |- | Mafi kyawun Mai Rarraba IRL|{{Won}} |- | Mafi kyawun Gudun Marathon - "Speed Does America"|{{Nom}} |- | Kyaututtukan Wasanni na Esports | Mai watsa shirye-shirye na shekara|{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2025 |title=Esports Awards winners 2025 revealed: League of Legends, iShowSpeed, Doran, and more |url=https://esports.gg/news/esports-br/esports-awards-2025-winners/ |access-date=November 20, 2025 |website=esports.gg |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 2025 |title=IShowSpeed Wins Streamer of the Year at Esports Awards 2025 |url=https://hypebeast.com/2025/11/ishowspeed-wins-streamer-of-the-year-at-esports-awards-2025 |access-date=November 20, 2025 |website=Hypebeast}}</ref> |} === Majiyoyi na biyu === {{psrs}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{YouTube|title=IShowSpeed}} * IShowSpeed discography at Discogs [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} knlsgx78r59q4aabzexvqlcnpu0or17 0 154930 890182 847318 2026-08-01T14:44:14Z BnHamid 12586 890182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ayodeji Joseph Ademola''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi fice a fannonin dokokin kasuwanci, shari'o'in kamfanoni, da dokokin makamashi. Shi ne babban abokin hulɗa (Managing Partner) a kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Ademola & Ademola'', wanda ke da hedikwata a Abuja, Najeriya. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da ba da shawarar doka ga cibiyoyin kuɗi, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, hukumomin gwamnati da kuma masu zuba jari.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Lawyers – Ayodeji Ademola |url=https://www.ademola-lawfirm.com/about-us |publisher=Ademola & Ademola |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Bayanan da aka wallafa a fili game da rayuwar farko da karatun Ayodeji Joseph Ademola ba su da yawa. Duk da haka, an bayyana cewa an kira shi zuwa Bar na Najeriya sama da shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, lamarin da ya ba shi damar gina ƙwarewa mai zurfi a harkokin shari'a da kasuwanci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Lawyers – Ayodeji Ademola |url=https://www.ademola-lawfirm.com/about-us |publisher=Ademola & Ademola |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Ayodeji Ademola ya fara aikinsa a kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Adeshina Oke & Associates'' kafin daga bisani ya shiga ''Ajumogobia & Okeke'', wani sanannen kamfanin lauyoyi da ya ƙware a harkokin kasuwanci da makamashi a Najeriya. A lokacin da yake aiki a can ya samu gogewa a fannoni daban-daban da suka haɗa da dokokin kwangila, harkokin makamashi, da shari'o'in kasuwanci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Lawyers – Ayodeji Ademola |url=https://www.ademola-lawfirm.com/about-us |publisher=Ademola & Ademola |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> Daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kamfanin ''Ademola & Ademola''. A matsayinsa na babban abokin hulɗa, ya jagoranci shari'o'i da mu'amaloli masu rikitarwa a fannoni kamar haɗewar kamfanoni (mergers and acquisitions), saka hannun jari, harkokin kuɗi da kuma warware rikice-rikicen kasuwanci ta hanyar kotuna da sulhu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ademola & Ademola – About Us |url=https://www.ademola-lawfirm.com/about-us |publisher=Ademola & Ademola |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Manyan abokan hulɗa == A tsawon aikinsa, Ayodeji Ademola ya ba da shawarwari na doka ga cibiyoyi da dama da suka haɗa da ''Central Bank of Nigeria'', ''Nigerian Export-Import Bank'', ''Access Bank Plc'', ''Sterling Bank Plc'', ''First City Monument Bank Plc'', ''First Bank of Nigeria Limited'', da kuma wasu hukumomin gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Lawyers – Ayodeji Ademola |url=https://www.ademola-lawfirm.com/about-us |publisher=Ademola & Ademola |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru == Ayodeji Ademola memba ne na ''Nigerian Bar Association'' kuma yana da alaƙa da ''Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (UK)''. Haka kuma ya kasance cikin wasu ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ƙwararru da ke taimakawa wajen bunƙasa harkokin shari'a da kasuwanci tsakanin Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Lawyers – Ayodeji Ademola |url=https://www.ademola-lawfirm.com/about-us |publisher=Ademola & Ademola |access-date=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigerian Bar Association]] * [[Law of Nigeria]] * [[Abuja]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category: Lauyoyin Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Nigerian legal practitioners]] r1e8u4uueebfit4epu8m17avvp5no5r 0 154942 890221 847345 2026-08-01T16:11:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Toluwalase Abiona | image = | caption = Toluwalase Abiona | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Environmental activist, social entrepreneur | known_for = Founder of Zero Plastic Community | organization = Zero Plastic Community }} '''Toluwalase Abiona''' matashiya ce mai fafutukar kare muhalli daga Najeriya, kuma ita ce ta kafa '''Zero Plastic Community (ZPC)'''. Ta shahara ne saboda aikinta na rage amfani da robobi (plastic waste reduction), wayar da kan jama’a kan muhalli, da kuma horar da matasa kan muhimmancin kare yanayi a birnin Lagos da sauran yankunan Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet Nigerian Environmental Activist Toluwalase Abiona |url=https://bluedotliving.com/meet-nigerian-environmental-activist-toluwalase-abiona/ |website=Bluedot Living}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Toluwalase Abiona ta taso ne a Legas, Najeriya, a yankin da ke fuskantar matsalar sharar robobi da gurbatar muhalli. Wannan yanayi ya taimaka wajen ƙarfafa mata sha’awar shiga harkar kare muhalli tun tana ƙarama. Daga baya ta yi karatun ilimin marine science, wanda ya ƙara mata fahimtar tasirin gurbatar muhalli ga rayuwar ruwa da mutane.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toluwalase Abiona’s Story |url=https://www.urecycleinitiative.org/toluwalase-abiona-story/ |website=U-Recycle Initiative Africa}}</ref> == Kafa Zero Plastic Community == A shekarar 2021, Toluwalase Abiona ta kafa '''Zero Plastic Community (ZPC)''', wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan rage amfani da robobi guda ɗaya (single-use plastics), musamman robobin shan ruwa da straw. Manufar ƙungiyar sun haɗa da: * Ilimantar da jama’a kan sauyin yanayi * Rage amfani da robobi a Najeriya * Shirye-shiryen tsaftace muhalli * Horas da matasa kan recycling da sustainability<ref>{{cite web |title=Zero Plastic Straw Community – About Us |url=https://zeroplasticstrawcommunity.org/home-2/ |website=Zero Plastic Straw Community |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2026-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260609095013/https://zeroplasticstrawcommunity.org/home-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kuma yi aiki da makarantu da al’umma wajen yaƙi da gurbatar muhalli, tare da amfani da tsarin ilimi da sauyin halaye na jama’a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zero Plastic Straw Community LinkedIn Profile |url=https://ng.linkedin.com/company/zero-plastic-straw-community |website=LinkedIn}}</ref> == Ayyukan muhalli == Toluwalase Abiona ta jagoranci ayyuka da dama a Lagos da sauran yankuna, ciki har da: * Kamfen ɗin rage amfani da robobin shan ruwa * Shirye-shiryen tsaftace gabar teku da unguwanni * Ilimin muhalli a makarantu * Horas da matasa kan sake amfani da shara (recycling) * Yakin wayar da kai kan SDGs (musamman SDG 12, 13, da 14) Ayyukanta sun taimaka wajen wayar da kan dubban matasa kan muhimmancin kare muhalli.<ref>{{cite web |title=Recycling Heroes – Global Recycling Foundation feature |url=https://recyclinginternational.com/business/recycling-heroes-on-global-recycling-day/56643/ |website=Recycling International}}</ref> == Girmamawa da nasarori == Toluwalase Abiona ta samu girmamawa a fannin kare muhalli, ciki har da: * Global Recycling Heroes Award * Wangari Maathai Legacy Recognition * Ganewa daga shirye-shiryen matasa masu fafutukar muhalli a duniya Haka kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasa masu tasiri a fannin kare muhalli a Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Planeteer Feature: Toluwalase Proves that Every Action Counts |url=https://planeteeralliance.com/blog/planeteer-feature-toluwalase-proves-that-every-action-counts/ |website=Planeteer Alliance}}</ref> == Tasiri == Ayyukan Toluwalase Abiona sun taimaka wajen: * Rage amfani da robobi a wasu al’ummomi a Lagos * Ƙara ilimin muhalli a tsakanin matasa * Ƙarfafa ayyukan recycling a matakin al’umma * Gina sabbin shugabannin matasa a fannin climate action An bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasa masu jagorantar sauyin muhalli a Najeriya ta hanyar aikin al’umma da ilimi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toluwalase Abiona profile – Climate activism in Lagos |url=https://bluedotliving.com/meet-nigerian-environmental-activist-toluwalase-abiona/ |website=Bluedot Living}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Climate change in Nigeria * Plastic pollution * Youth environmental activism == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Nigerian environmentalists]] [[Category:Women environmentalists]] [[Category:Climate activists]] [[Category:Nigerian activists]] [[Category:Living people]] hl46lvaxznd7d3ljyll39ckg1za1bzo 0 154982 890344 847456 2026-08-01T22:39:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Wahab Olasupo Egbewole | honorific_suffix = SAN | image = | caption = Wahab Olasupo Egbewole | birth_name = Wahab Olasupo Egbewole | birth_place = Osun State, Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | education = Ife Anglican Grammar School<br>Oduduwa College, Ile-Ife | alma_mater = Obafemi Awolowo University | occupation = Lawyer, Academic | employer = University of Ilorin | known_for = Law, Jurisprudence, International Law | title = 11th Vice-Chancellor, University of Ilorin | term_start = October 2022 | profession = Legal Practitioner | awards = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) }} {{Databox}}'''Wahab Olasupo Egbewole''' SAN lauya ne, malamin jami'a kuma masanin shari'a daga Najeriya. Shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a (Vice-Chancellor) na 11 na Jami'ar Ilorin. An san shi a matsayin ƙwararren masani a fannin ''Jurisprudence'' da ''International Law'', kuma ya samu lambar girmamawa ta ''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'' a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/leadership/prof-wahab-olasupo-egbewole-cm2/ |title=Prof. Wahab Olasupo Egbewole CM2 |publisher=University of Ilorin |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.qs.com/people/prof-wahab-egbewole |title=Prof Wahab Egbewole |publisher=QS |access-date=2026-06-05 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Egbewole a Jihar Osun, Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a Makarantar Ife Anglican Grammar School da kuma Oduduwa College da ke Ile-Ife. Daga bisani ya samu digirin LLB da LLM a Jami'ar Ife, wadda yanzu ake kira Obafemi Awolowo University. An kira shi zuwa Bar na Najeriya a shekarar 1985 domin fara aikin lauya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/about-us/ |title=Prof. Wahab Olasupo Egbewole, SAN |publisher=University of Ilorin |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/leadership/prof-wahab-olasupo-egbewole-cm2/ |title=Prof. Wahab Olasupo Egbewole CM2 |publisher=University of Ilorin |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Bayan ya fara aikin lauya, Egbewole ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyinsa mai suna ''Wahab Egbewole & Co.'' a shekarar 1995. Ya yi fice a harkokin shari'a musamman a fannoni kamar dokar kundin tsarin mulki, sauye-sauyen zamantakewa ta hanyar doka da kuma shari'o'in zaɓe. Gudummawar da ya bayar ga sana'ar lauya ta sa aka ba shi mukamin ''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'' a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/leadership/prof-wahab-olasupo-egbewole-cm2/ |title=Prof. Wahab Olasupo Egbewole CM2 |publisher=University of Ilorin |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.qs.com/people/prof-wahab-egbewole |title=Prof Wahab Egbewole |publisher=QS |access-date=2026-06-05 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin jami'a == Egbewole ya shiga aikin koyarwa a Jami'ar Ilorin a shekarar 1997 a matsayin Lecturer II. Ya hau mukamai daban-daban a jami'ar ciki har da Acting Head of Department, Acting Dean, Dean na Faculty of Law da kuma Daraktan General Studies Division. A shekarar 2012 aka naɗa shi Farfesa a fannin Jurisprudence da International Law.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jil.law.unilorin.edu.ng/staffmember/prof-egbewole-wahab-olasupo/ |title=Prof. Wahab Olasupo Egbewole SAN |publisher=University of Ilorin Department of Jurisprudence and International Law |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=31159 |title=UNILORIN announces new Vice-Chancellor |publisher=Ilorin Info |date=2022-09-08 |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref> A watan Oktoban shekarar 2022, an naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Ilorin na 11 bayan kammala aikin tantancewa da Kwamitin Gudanarwar jami'ar ya yi. Naɗin nasa ya zo ne bayan fiye da shekaru 25 yana aiki a jami'ar, inda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanarwa da bunƙasa harkokin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=31159 |title=UNILORIN announces new Vice-Chancellor |publisher=Ilorin Info |date=2022-09-08 |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/leadership/prof-wahab-olasupo-egbewole-cm2/ |title=Prof. Wahab Olasupo Egbewole CM2 |publisher=University of Ilorin |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Egbewole ya yi rubuce-rubuce da dama a mujallu, littattafai da takardun taruka na ilimi. Bincikensa ya fi karkata ne kan dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam, ilimin shari'a da ci gaban Afirka. Haka kuma ya jagoranci da gudanar da wasu tallafin bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa tare da taimaka wa matasa masu bincike a fannin shari'a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lawandsociety.org/wahab-egbewole/ |title=Wahab Egbewole |publisher=Law and Society Association |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jil.law.unilorin.edu.ng/staffmember/prof-egbewole-wahab-olasupo/ |title=Prof. Wahab Olasupo Egbewole SAN |publisher=University of Ilorin Department of Jurisprudence and International Law |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyi da ƙwarewa == Shi mamba ne na ƙungiyoyi da dama na ƙwararru, ciki har da Nigerian Bar Association, International Bar Association da Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (United Kingdom). Har ila yau yana cikin masu jagorantar ayyukan ilimi da bincike a matakin Afirka da duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/leadership/prof-wahab-olasupo-egbewole-cm2/ |title=Prof. Wahab Olasupo Egbewole CM2 |publisher=University of Ilorin |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lawandsociety.org/wahab-egbewole/ |title=Wahab Egbewole |publisher=Law and Society Association |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Nigerian academics]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:University of Ilorin people]] [[Category:Living people]] ```0 4aoejbs1zk1uzqu4ya5fs3vwunje24o 0 155175 890117 878229 2026-08-01T12:34:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890117 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Tashoshin marasa lafiya Aikace-aikacen kan layi ne da suka shafi [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]] waɗanda ke ba da damar marasa lafiya su yi hulɗa da sadarwa tare da Masu ba da kiwon lafiya, kamar likitoci da [[Asibiti|asibitoci]]. Yawanci, ana iya samun sabis na tashar a kowane lokaci ta hanyar Intanet. Aikace-aikacen tashar marasa lafiya na iya zama shafukan yanar gizo masu zaman kansu waɗanda kamfani na waje ya shirya, ko kuma ana iya haɗa su cikin gidan yanar gizon mai ba da kiwon lafiya na yanzu. Har ila yau wasu su ne modules da aka kara a kan rikodin likitancin lantarki na yanzu (EMR) ko tsarin kiwon lafiya na lantarki (EHR). Gabaɗaya, ƙofofin haƙuri suna buƙatar aikin yana da wani nau'in EMR, EHR, ko tsarin kula da haƙuri, kamar yadda bayanan haƙuri ke buƙatar adanawa cikin aminci a cikin ajiyar bayanai sannan kuma tashar haƙuri ta dawo da shi. A wasu lokuta, layin tsakanin EMR, EHR, rikodin kiwon lafiya na mutum, da tashar mai haƙuri sun ɓace saboda fasalin fasalin fasalulluka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2015 |title=What physicians need to know about patient portals |url=https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/medicare/what-physicians-need-know-about-patient-portals |publisher=American Medical Association}}</ref> == Fasali da fa'idodi == Babban fasalin da ke sa kowane tsarin ya zama tashar mai haƙuri shine ikon raba bayanan lafiyar mai haƙuri ta hanyar Intanet. Kusan dukkanin tashoshin marasa lafiya suna ba da damar marasa lafiya su yi hulɗa ta wata hanya tare da masu ba da kiwon lafiya. Tashoshin marasa lafiya suna amfana da marasa lafiya da masu samarwa ta hanyar kara inganci da yawan aiki. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], ana kuma ɗaukar ƙofofin haƙuri a matsayin babban kayan aiki don taimakawa likitoci su cika buƙatun "amfani mai ma'ana" don karɓar ƙarfafawar tarayya, musamman don samar da bayanan kiwon lafiya ga marasa lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terry |first=Ken |date=June 27, 2010 |title=Patient Portals: Beyond Meaningful Use |url=http://www.physicianspractice.com/technology/content/article/1462168/1890621 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806100721/http://www.physicianspractice.com/technology/content/article/1462168/1890621 |archive-date=August 6, 2012 |access-date=February 6, 2012 |website=Physicians Practice |publisher=UBM Medica, LLC}}</ref> Wasu aikace-aikacen tashar haƙuri suna bawa marasa lafiya damar yin rajista da kammala siffofi a kan layi, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙa ziyarar asibitoci da asibitocin. Yawancin aikace-aikacen tashar suna ba da damar marasa lafiya su nemi takardar sayan magani a kan layi, yin odar tabarau da ruwan tabarau, samun damar yin amfani da bayanan likita, biyan kuɗi, sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma tsara alƙawari na likita. A cewar Ofishin Mai Kula da Fasahar Bayanai ta Lafiya (ONC) , a cikin 2021 fiye da 60% na marasa lafiya da ke da damar shiga tashar mai haƙuri sun yi amfani da shi sau ɗaya ko fiye a cikin watanni 12. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Patient Engagement Beginner's Guide |url=https://info.advancedmd.com/rs/332-PCG-555images/AdvancedMD-patientEngagementBeginners-Guide.pdf |access-date=28 January 2026 |website=AdvancedMD }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-16 |title=Individuals' Access and Use of Patient Portals and Smartphone Health Apps, 2020 |url=https://healthit.gov/data/data-briefs/individuals-access-and-use-patient-portals-and-smartphone-health-apps-2020/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=ASTP Health IT Research & Analysis}}</ref> Har ila yau, tashoshin marasa lafiya suna ba da damar marasa lafiya suyi magana kai tsaye tare da masu ba da kiwon lafiya ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, barin tsokaci, ko aika saƙonnin [[Email|imel]], da karɓar kayan ilimi na musamman ga bukatun kiwon lafiya. Binciken binciken 2025 akan saƙonnin tsaro da aka fara a kan mai haƙuri ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tare da ingantaccen sakamakon asibiti gabaɗaya, da tasiri mai kyau akan inganci da ƙwarewar kulawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wec |first=Aleksandra |last2=Gleason |first2=Kelly T |last3=Peereboom |first3=Danielle |last4=Gamper |first4=Mary Jo |last5=Rathakrishnan |first5=Sharmini |last6=Wolff |first6=Jennifer L |date=2025-07-03 |title=Measurement, drivers, and outcomes of patient-initiated secure messaging use and intensity: a scoping review |journal=JAMIA Open |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |doi=10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf087 |issn=2574-2531 |pmc=12342875 |pmid=40799929}}</ref> Binciken da aka yi a 2023 ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin samun damar samun damar albarkatun ilimi ta hanyar tashar mai haƙuri da inganta sakamakon haƙuri. Wannan binciken musamman ya gano cewa "amfani da albarkatun ilimi a cikin tashar mai haƙuri yana da alaƙa da karuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin: kunna haƙuri, ilimin yanayi. sarrafa kai, karɓar halayen kiwon lafiya da ake so, yanke shawara, da rage damuwa".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Adam M |last2=Brimhall |first2=Andrew S |last3=Johnson |first3=Erica T |last4=Hodgson |first4=Jennifer |last5=Didericksen |first5=Katharine |last6=Pye |first6=Joseph |last7=Harmon |first7=G J Corey |last8=Sewell |first8=Kerry B |date=2023-01-06 |title=A systematic review of the effectiveness of patient education through patient portals |journal=JAMIA Open |publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac085 |issn=2574-2531 |pmid=36686972}}</ref> == Rashin fa'idodi == Babban gazawar mafi yawan tashoshin masu haƙuri shine alaƙarsu da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya guda ɗaya. Idan mai haƙuri ya yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi fiye da ɗaya don kiwon lafiya, mai haƙuri yawanci yana buƙatar shiga cikin ƙofar kowace ƙungiya don samun damar bayanai. Wannan yana haifar da ra'ayi mai rarrabewa game da bayanan mai haƙuri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Otte-Trojel |first=Terese |last2=de Bont |first2=Antoinette |last3=Aspria |first3=Marcello |last4=Adams |first4=Samantha |last5=Rundall |first5=Thomas G. |last6=van de Klundert |first6=Joris |last7=de Mul |first7=Marleen |date=October 2015 |title=Developing patient portals in a fragmented healthcare system |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1386505615300186 |journal=International Journal of Medical Informatics |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=835–846 |doi=10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.07.001 |pmid=26190049 |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 January 2025 |quote=under such a fragmented setup, in order to see all of his or her information and interact with all of his or her providers, the patient must access multiple portals, each with a distinct interface, password, and username}}</ref> Irin wannan bita na 2025 wanda ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa da kwarewar mai haƙuri ya gano takardu 2 inda masu ba da sabis suka nuna damuwa game da karuwar nauyi ga masu ba da saƙon mai haƙuri kai tsaye.<ref name=":0"/> Bugu da ƙari, ko da yayin da suke inganta ƙofofin aiki don sauƙin amfani da su da sakamako mai kyau na haƙuri, wasu likitoci sun lura cewa yana da wahala a ƙarfafa marasa lafiya su yi amfani da ƙofofin kan layi don amfana da kansu da ma'aikatan aikin likita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Litton |first=J. Scott Jr. |date=February 3, 2012 |title=Encouraging Patients to Use Online Communication |url=http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/content/article/1462168/2026624 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212205933/http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/content/article/1462168/2026624 |archive-date=February 12, 2012 |access-date=February 6, 2012 |website=Physicians Practice |publisher=UBM Medica, LLC}}</ref> Duk da kyakkyawan sakamako da gogewa na haƙuri, yawan tallafi ya kasance ƙasa: tun daga 2024, kashi 65% na masu amfani da kiwon lafiya na Amurka sun sami damar tashar haƙuri. (Duk da haka, wannan karuwa ce mai yawa tun daga shekara ta 2014, lokacin da kashi 25% na marasa lafiya suka sami damar shiga tashar su.) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bruce |first=Giles |date=2025-07-18 |title=Patient portal use climbs: 6 numbers |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/ehrs/patient-portal-use-climbs-6-numbers/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Becker&#039;s Hospital Review}}</ref> == Tsaro == Masu ba da kiwon lafiya a Amurka dole ne su bi ka'idojin HIPAA. Wadannan ka'idoji suna bayyana abin da ya kamata a riƙe bayanan mai haƙuri cikin amincewa. Wani abu kamar yadda yake da mahimmanci a matsayin suna [1] ana kallon shi ta hanyar HIPAA a matsayin bayanin kiwon lafiya mai kariya. Saboda wannan dalili, Tsaro na yanar gizo koyaushe ya kasance babban damuwa ga masana'antar lokacin da suke hulɗa da karɓar ƙofofin haƙuri. Duk da yake akwai tsarin da ba su dace da HIPAA ba, yawancin masu haƙuri da ƙofofin aiki suna da aminci kuma sun dace da ka'idojin HIPAA. Amfani da SSL da tsarin Kula da damar shiga ya zama ruwan dare a cikin masana'antar. Ana tabbatar da damar mai haƙuri tare da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri. Kodayake ba a buƙata a ƙarƙashin HIPAA, masana tsaro da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka suna ƙara ƙarfafa tashar kiwon lafiya don haɗawa da tabbatar da Multi-factor (MFA) ban da sunayen masu amfani da kalmomin shiga.[2][3] == Tarihi == Fasahar tashar Intanet tana amfani da ita tun daga shekarun 1990. Masana'antar kudi ta kasance mai ƙwarewa musamman wajen amfani da Intanet don ba da damar kowane mai amfani ga bayanan sirri. Wataƙila saboda tsananin ka'idojin HIPAA, ko rashin karfafa kuɗi ga masu ba da kiwon lafiya, karɓar ƙofofin haƙuri ya ragu a bayan wasu sassan kasuwa. Dokar Farfadowa da sake saka hannun jari ta Amurka ta 2009 (ARRA), musamman Dokar HITECH a cikin ARRA, ta ware kusan dala biliyan 19 don fasahar bayanan kiwon lafiya. An yi niyyar wannan kudade don biyan kuɗin tsarin rikodin kiwon lafiya na lantarki don likitoci masu aiki. Saboda juyawa zuwa bayanan kiwon lafiya na lantarki yawanci yana da rikitarwa, tsarin sau da yawa yana sauyawa zuwa tashoshin haƙuri da farko sannan ya biyo baya tare da cikakken aiwatar da bayanan kiwon lafiyar lantarki. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 97l7gcvvysai59bhs9nvjoza25e87qj 0 155189 890166 866698 2026-08-01T14:35:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = The Initiative for Equal Rights | abbreviation = TIERs | founded = 2005 | headquarters = Lagos, Nigeria | type = Non-governmental organization | focus = Human rights, advocacy, research, community development }} '''The Initiative for Equal Rights''' ('''TIERs''') ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Najeriya da ke aiki kan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, gudanar da bincike, wayar da kai, da samar da shirye-shiryen tallafi ga al'ummomi daban-daban. == Tarihi == An kafa TIERs a shekarar 2005 domin inganta fahimtar haƙƙin ɗan Adam da kuma gudanar da bincike kan batutuwan zamantakewa a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=About TIERs |url=https://theinitiativeforequalrights.org/about-us/ |website=The Initiative for Equal Rights |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2022-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615054942/https://theinitiativeforequalrights.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da: * Bincike kan haƙƙin ɗan Adam * Shirye-shiryen wayar da kai * Horaswa da gina ƙwarewa * Tallafin al'umma * Rahotanni kan yanayin haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya<ref>{{cite web |title=Programs |url=https://theinitiativeforequalrights.org/programs/ |website=The Initiative for Equal Rights |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2024-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814112404/https://theinitiativeforequalrights.org/programs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == TIERs ta wallafa rahotanni da dama game da zamantakewa, wariya, da haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya. Waɗannan rahotanni sun kasance tushen bayanai ga masu bincike da ƙungiyoyin farar hula.<ref>{{cite web |title=Research Reports |url=https://theinitiativeforequalrights.org/resources/ |website=The Initiative for Equal Rights |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519034125/https://theinitiativeforequalrights.org/resources/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam na Najeriya]] [[Category:Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin da aka kafa a 2005]] [[Category:Kungiyoyi a Legas]] 7dae8pzemh7ui6ndn8w9cuiydkeucpu 0 155192 890181 848101 2026-08-01T14:43:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Obodo Artist Fund | abbreviation = OAF | parent_organization = Obodo Nigeria | founded = 2024 | type = Artist fund | headquarters = Lagos, Nigeria | focus = Arts, culture, community support }} '''Obodo Artist Fund''' ('''OAF''') shiri ne na tallafawa masu fasaha da masu samar da al'adu wanda ƙungiyar '''Obodo Nigeria''' ke gudanarwa. An ƙirƙiri shirin ne domin samar da tallafin kuɗi, horo, da damar haɗin gwiwa ga masu fasaha da ke binciko batutuwan al'umma, tarihi, ainihi, da adalci ta hanyar fasaha.<ref>{{cite web |title=Programs |url=https://www.obodonigeria.org/programs |website=Obodo Nigeria}}</ref> == Tarihi == Obodo Nigeria ƙungiya ce da aka kafa a shekarar 2022 domin ƙarfafa matasa masu fasaha da shugabanni ta hanyar al'adu, fasaha, da haɗin kan al'umma. A cikin shirye-shiryenta ne aka ƙaddamar da '''Obodo Artist Fund''' domin tallafawa ayyukan kirkira da binciken al'umma ta hanyar fasaha.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Obodo |url=https://www.obodonigeria.org/ |website=Obodo Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Obodo Artist Fund yana ba da: * Tallafin kuɗi ga masu fasaha * Horo da gina ƙwarewa * Shirye-shiryen jagoranci (mentorship) * Damar baje koli da wallafa ayyuka * Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu fasaha da masu bincike<ref>{{cite web |title=Obodo Artist Fund |url=https://www.obodonigeria.org/programs |website=Obodo Nigeria}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen tallafi == Shirin ya gudanar da fannoni daban-daban kamar: * '''Queer Artist Fund''' – shirin tallafawa masu fasaha masu binciko batutuwan zamantakewa da al'adu ta hanyar ayyukan kirkira.<ref>{{cite web |title=Queer Artist Fund 2024 |url=https://obodonigeria.org/queer-artist-fund-2024/ |website=Obodo Nigeria |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2025-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517035750/https://obodonigeria.org/queer-artist-fund-2024/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''Borders & Bodies''' – shirin da ke tallafawa ayyukan da suka shafi iyakoki, ƙaura, tarihi, da tunanin al'umma.<ref>{{cite web |title=Borders & Bodies |url=https://obodonigeria.org/borders-and-bodies/ |website=Obodo Nigeria |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2025-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109005355/https://obodonigeria.org/borders-and-bodies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''Unvisible Realities''' – shirin da ke ƙarfafa ayyukan da ke binciko labarun da ba kasafai ake ba su kulawa ba da kuma hanyoyin adana tarihin al'umma.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unvisible Realities |url=https://obodonigeria.org/unvisible-realities/ |website=Obodo Nigeria |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616132606/https://obodonigeria.org/unvisible-realities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tasiri == Obodo Artist Fund ya taimaka wajen samar da tallafi, horaswa, da damar baje koli ga masu fasaha a Najeriya. Shirin yana ƙarfafa amfani da fasaha wajen tattauna batutuwan tarihi, al'umma, da sauyin zamantakewa. == Duba kuma == * [[Obodo Nigeria]] * [[Fasaha]] * [[Najeriya]] * [[Legas]] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin fasaha na Najeriya]] [[Category:Shirye-shiryen tallafawa masu fasaha]] [[Category:Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Al'adu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Fasaha a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kungiyoyi a Legas]] [[Category:An kafa su a shekarar 2024]] ectcln0qhg60av6ueeu4083qd0ry498 0 155382 890090 849142 2026-08-01T12:18:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Port Nolloth''' gari ne kuma tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin Namaqualand a gabar tekun arewa'''[Afirka ta Kudu|yammacin Afirka ta Kudu]], {{Convert|144|km}} arewa maso yammacin Springbok . Ita ce cibiyar karamar hukumar Richtersveld . A da, tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasance wurin da ake samun jan ƙarfe daga ma'adanai na Okiep da lu'u-lu'u daga gabar tekun Namaqua. Tun daga shekarun 1970, manyan ayyukan ruwa sun kasance kamun kifi da yawon buɗe ido na ƙananan jiragen ruwa. A yau garin cibiyar kasuwanci ce tare da gidajen hutu da dama da wurin shakatawa na karafa a maƙwabciyar McDougall Bay. Hakanan ƙofar shiga ce zuwa Richtersveld National Park, mai nisan {{Convert|160|km}} zuwa arewa tare da [[Kogin Orange]] . == Tarihi == Yan asalin [[Mutanen Nama|Nama]] sun san bakin tekun da tashar jiragen ruwan take a matsayin ''Aukwatowa'' ('Inda ruwa ya tafi da tsohon mutumin'). <ref name="SAroutes">{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=Port Nolloth:History |url=http://www.routes.co.za/nc/portnolloth/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328060932/http://www.routes.co.za/nc/portnolloth/index.html |archive-date=2008-03-28 |access-date=2008-02-10 |publisher=Routes Travel Information}}</ref> An yi wa mai binciken Portugal Bartolomeu Dias alama a wurin a lokacin da yake tafiya a kusa [[Cape of Good Hope|da Cape of Good Hope]] a shekara ta 1487. Wannan shine karo na ƙarshe da ya ga guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata jirgin ruwansa daga kan hanya ta nufi teku na tsawon kwanaki 30. Ƙasar da ke kewaye da gabar tekun ta kasance ba kowa a ciki har sai da James Alexander ya gano jan ƙarfe a Okiep a shekarar 1852, {{Convert|160|km}} cikin teku daga bakin teku. Gwamnatin Cape Colony nan da nan ta fara bincike kan bakin teku don nemo tashar jiragen ruwa mai dacewa inda za a jigilar ma'adinan tagulla . An yi bincike kan Tekun Aukwatowa a shekarar 1854, <ref name="SAroutes"/> kuma an zaɓe shi don tashar jiragen ruwa ta gaba bisa ga yanayin da take da kariya daga iskar teku. === Jigilar jan ƙarfe === [[Fayil:P1010136_Port_Nolloth.JPG|thumb|260x260px|Jiragen kamun kifi da masu haƙo lu'u-lu'u a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Port Nolloth]] An gina tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi a shekarar 1855, faɗinta ya isa ya ɗauki kekunan dawaki da ke ɗauke da tagulla daga Okiep zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Wani ƙaramin gari mai hidima ya bunƙasa cikin sauri kuma Gwamnan Cape Colony Sir George Grey ya sanya masa suna Port Nolloth, don girmama mai bincikensa, Kyaftin MS Nolloth. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Port Nolloth |url=http://www.southafrica-travel.net/namaqua/e5_portn.htm |access-date=2008-02-11 |publisher=South Africa Travel}}</ref> A shekara ta 1874, an maye gurbin kekunan da {{Cvt|154|km}} dogon layin dogo na Namaqualand tsakanin ma'adinan da tashar jiragen ruwa <ref name="SAhotels">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=South Africa Hotel - Harbours:Port Nolloth |url=http://www.mysouthafricahotels.com/place-educational.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828072032/http://www.mysouthafricahotels.com/place-educational.php |archive-date=2008-08-28 |access-date=2008-02-11 |publisher=Discover Online Asia Co. Ltd}}</ref> da tashar jiragen ruwa an tsawaita shi zuwa {{Cvt|67|m}} . <ref name="PAS">{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Port Nolloth |url=http://www.ports.co.za/port-nolloth.php |access-date=2008-02-11 |publisher=Ports and Ships: Shipping News from the harbours of South and southern Africa}}</ref> Duk da haka, yayin da layin dogo ya inganta jigilar kaya ta ƙasa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa, ƙaruwar girman masu jigilar ma'adinai ya fara haifar da matsalolin zirga-zirga a cikin teku. A farkon shekarun 1900, ɓangaren da aka killace wanda ya jawo hankalin masu binciken ƙasa shekaru hamsin da suka gabata ya zama da wahala ga manyan jiragen ruwa, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suka yi kaca-kaca a kan wani teku mai faɗi a faɗin tashar. Wahalar tashar jiragen ruwa da gyaran jiragen ruwa masu tsada sun ƙarfafa haɓaka wata hanyar sufuri ta daban kuma zuwa 1910 yawancin ma'adinan Okiep ana ɗaukar su da babbar mota zuwa kan layin dogo a Bitterfontein maimakon jigilar kaya kai tsaye daga tashar jiragen ruwa. [[Fayil:P1010134_Port_Nolloth.JPG|thumb|260x260px|Jirgin ruwa da aka yi watsi da shi, wanda ya lalace a kan teku a bakin tashar jiragen ruwa]] === Haƙar lu'u-lu'u === Da raguwar jigilar ma'adinai, an sake farfaɗo da Tashar jiragen ruwa a shekarar 1926 bayan gano lu'u-lu'u masu launin ruwan kasa a bakin teku a arewa da kudancin garin. Yawan masu haƙo ma'adinai da saka hannun jari sun sake kafa Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nolloth a matsayin cibiyar hidima mai mahimmanci, duk da cewa jigilar tagulla ta daina aiki gaba ɗaya a shekarar 1944. Rashin iya shiga tashar jiragen ruwa ya haifar da jerin bala'o'i yayin da jiragen ruwa suka yi ƙoƙarin tsayawa a bakin teku maimakon neman mafaka a cikin mummunan yanayi. A watan Afrilun 1947, ''jirgin ruwan'' jigilar kaya na Afirka ta Kudu mai nauyin tan 205 ya ruguje a kudancin tashar jiragen ruwa yayin da yake ƙoƙarin tserewa daga guguwa. <ref name="JHMarsh" /> A watan Disamba na 1950, jirgin ruwan jigilar kaya mai nauyin tan 400 ''Bechuana'' ya fuskanci irin wannan ƙaddara. <ref name="JHMarsh">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=John H Marsh Maritime Collection |url=http://rapidttp.com/museum/jmmc/jmmcb.html |access-date=2008-02-12 |publisher=John H Marsh Maritime Research Centre}}</ref> A shekarun da suka biyo bayan waɗannan tarkacen, an yi ƙoƙari don inganta hanyoyin shiga tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar fashewar ruwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa a bakin teku. <ref name="PAS"/> Yunkurin ya yi nasara kaɗan amma bakin tekun ya kasance abin ƙalubale. Bukatar shiga tashar jiragen ruwa ta ragu a shekarun 1970 yayin da yawan fitar da lu'u-lu'u ya ragu. Lu'u-lu'u da ke Port Nolloth sun ɓace yanzu kuma masu nutsewa suna fama da wahalar samun abin rayuwa. Ba kasafai ake haƙo manyan kaya masu darajar sama da R500,000 a kowace tafiya ba. Yanzu haka kuɗin shiga yana tsakanin R30,000 zuwa R40,000 a kowane wata ga ƙwararrun masu nutsewa. === Rufe Tashar Jiragen Ruwa === Bayan shekarar 1976, an rage jigilar kaya zuwa babban jirgin ruwa guda ɗaya, ''Oranjemund'', wanda ya ziyarci tashar jiragen ruwa sau biyu a mako don musayar kayayyaki don samun kifi da lu'u-lu'u. <ref name="PAS"/> Tsawon mita 61 tare da daftarin mita 4.4, ''Oranjemund'' ya dace da wahalar kewayawa na bakin teku. Duk da haka, raguwar binciken lu'u-lu'u a hankali ya sa doguwar tafiyar daga Cape Town ba ta da tattalin arziki, kuma an janye ''Oranjemund'' daga aiki a 2006. <ref name="PAS" /> Ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa yanzu sun ƙunshi ƙananan jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi da kuma kwale-kwale na nishaɗi. Zaftarewar ƙasan tashar jiragen ruwa ya ƙara rage zaftarewar, kuma ƙananan jiragen ruwa za su iya shiga tashar jiragen ruwa mai tsawon mita 67. == Yanayi == Sanyin ruwan Benguela da ke [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a gabar tekun yammacin Afirka ta Kudu yana shafar yanayin yankin bakin teku. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ruwan da ake samu a lokacin rani a kowace rana yana sama da {{Convert|20|C}} kacal. tare da bambancin ƙasa da digiri 4 tsakanin watanni mafi zafi da sanyi na shekara a Port Nolloth. A matsakaici, zafin ya kai {{Convert|30|C}} a cikin kwanaki 15 a kowace shekara, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin kwanaki 220 a kowace shekara a Vioolsdrif, ƙasa da {{Convert|100|km}} zuwa arewa maso gabas. Gabar tekun yamma tana yawan zuwa da wani kauri gajimare da ke fitowa daga cikin teku mai sanyi, wani abu da aka fi sani da ''Malmokkie'' . Port Nolloth tana cikin kudancin hamadar Namib kuma a matsakaici tana karɓar kusan {{Convert|72|mm|inch}} na ruwan sama a kowace shekara.{{Weather box}} == Yawon Bude Ido == === Gidan Tarihi na Port Nolloth === Gidan Tarihi na Port Nolloth yana cikin Port Nolloth. An gina ginin da ke ɗauke da gidan tarihin a shekarar 1880 kuma an mayar da shi gidan tarihi a shekarun 2000. Gidan tarihin ya rufe bayan da mai shi kuma mai kula da shi George Moyses ya mutu a ranar Juma'a, 30 ga Satumba, 2022. Ya kasance tauraro a yankin kuma har yanzu al'ummar na cikin makokinsa. : <ref>{{Cite web |title=Farewell to a local legend |url=https://karoospace.co.za/farewell-to-a-port-nolloth-legend/}}</ref> Abubuwan tarihi a gidan tarihi sun nuna tarihi da al'adun Port Nolloth, ciki har da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Nolloth Museum / Aukwatowa Museum - Participant - Open Africa - Do Travel Differently |url=http://www.openafrica.org/experiences/route/97-richtersveld-route/participant/2402-port-nolloth-museum--aukwatowa-museum |website=openafrica.org |access-date=2026-06-06 |archive-date=2018-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120457/http://www.openafrica.org/experiences/route/97-richtersveld-route/participant/2402-port-nolloth-museum--aukwatowa-museum |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ɓargaje na porcelain daga hatsarin jirgin ruwa, * Mundayen bayi da suka watse a tashar jiragen ruwa ta garin daga wani jirgin ruwa mai suna {{HMS|Black Joke}} , * kwalaben magani na gargajiya waɗanda ke ɗauke da man citronella da foda liquorice, * Littafi Mai Tsarki [[Harshen Khekhoe|na Nama na da]] , * Guraben harsashin jimina da [[Khoekhoe|Khoi]] da [[Mutanen San|San]] ke amfani da su wajen kwantena na ruwa, * Kayan tukunya na Khoi. Gidan tarihin ya kuma ƙunshi tarin hotuna da kayan tarihi tun lokacin jigilar ma'adinan tagulla tsakanin 1854 da 1920. Tare da haɓaka haƙar ma'adinai, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Port Nolloth ta zama mafi mahimmanci a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu da ake amfani da su don fitar da ma'adinan tagulla, kuma mafi mahimmanci, don shigo da abinci da kayan aiki na jari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The early history of Port Nolloth - The Heritage Portal |url=http://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/early-history-port-nolloth |website=theheritageportal.co.za}}</ref> Gidan tarihi ya kuma ƙunshi hotuna da kayan tarihi na lokacin haƙar lu'u-lu'u. Garin ya ragu a farkon shekarun 1900 amma an farfaɗo da shi bayan gano lu'u-lu'u masu launin ruwan kasa a yankin a shekarar 1926. An zurfafa tashar jiragen ruwa kuma an faɗaɗa ta a shekarun 1970 kuma ma'adinan lu'u-lu'u, nutsewar lu'u-lu'u da kamun kifi suna ci gaba da aiki a yankin <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Nolloth - South Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Port-Nolloth}}</ref> === Tsoffin hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa === Tsoffin hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa a Port Nolloth, waɗanda aka gina a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar haƙar tagulla ta yankin. Wannan layin dogo mai faɗi, wanda ya kai sama da kilomita 150, ya haɗa garin haƙar tagulla na Okiep da tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda hakan ya sauƙaƙa jigilar tagulla zuwa kasuwannin duniya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=J. Smith |year=2010 |title=Richard Thomas Hall and the Little Railway of Namaqualand |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/210445069 |journal=Historical Railway Review |access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> Gina layin dogo ya fara ne a shekarar 1869 a ƙarƙashin kulawar injiniya Richard Thomas Hall. Zuwa Disamba 1870, layin ya isa Muishondfontein, kilomita 77 daga teku. <ref name="steam-locomotives-south-africa.blogspot.com">{{Cite web |date=15 July 2010 |title=The Namaqualand Copper Mine Railway |url=https://steam-locomotives-south-africa.blogspot.com/2010/07/nababeep-namaqualand-copper-mine.html |access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> Da farko, an tsara layin dogo don zirga-zirgar dabbobi, ta amfani da ma'aunin inci 30 tare da layukan dogo masu sauƙi waɗanda aka ɗaure su da sandunan barci na tsawon lokaci, wanda ke ba da damar dabbobi su ratsa layin kyauta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klipfontein Railway Station Ruins |url=https://tracks4africa.co.za/listings/item/w360205/klipfontein-railway-station-ruins/ |access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> Okiep, a shekarun 1870, ya shahara da kasancewa mafi arzikin ma'adinan tagulla a duniya, kuma layin dogo ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitar da tagulla zuwa kasuwannin duniya, wanda hakan ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga tattalin arzikin yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Okiep |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okiep |access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (February 2025)">ma'anar zagaye</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Saboda ƙarancin ruwa a kan hanyar, jiragen ƙasa masu tururi ba su da amfani da farko, wanda ya haifar da amfani da kekunan da dabbobi ke jan su. Duk da cewa babban layin dogo tsakanin Port Nolloth da Okiep ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1945, daga ƙarshe aka dakatar da aikin, kuma aka sayar da mafi yawan layin a matsayin tarkace. Duk da haka, sassan da ke tsakanin Nababeep da Okiep sun ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1950, lokacin da ingantattun kayayyakin more rayuwa suka sa layin dogo ya tsufa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Copper Railway Line Historical Background |url=https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/Copper%20Railway%20Line%20Historical%20background_ACO%20%284%29%20final.pdf |access-date=2025-01-06 |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120063356/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/Copper%20Railway%20Line%20Historical%20background_ACO%20(4)%20final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A yau, ragowar tsoffin hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa har yanzu suna bayyane a babban titin Port Nolloth. <ref name="steam-locomotives-south-africa.blogspot.com"/> === Kaskon gishiri === Tashar Gishiri ta Port Nolloth tana arewacin garin. A tarihi, ta yi amfani da tukunyar gishiri wajen samar da ayyuka da dama ga al'umma, ciki har da amfani da ita a matsayin filin wasan kurket da kuma wurin sauka ga jiragen sama marasa nauyi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=C. Poggenpoel |date=January 2013 |title=Excavation of two shell middens at Port Nolloth |url=https://www.academia.edu/4234956 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=South African Archaeological Bulletin}}</ref> A fannin muhalli, tashar gishiri tana samar da wurin zama ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban, ciki har da ƙaramin flamingo da Cape shoveler, waɗanda ke jan hankalin muhallin ta mai gishiri wanda ke tallafawa ciyarwa da kuma yin gida. <ref name="beautifulnews.com">{{Cite web |title=The seaside town dusted in diamonds |url=https://www.beautifulnews.com/seaside-town-dusted-diamonds-0 |access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> Binciken kayan tarihi da aka yi a kusa da tashar gishirin ya gano kayan tarihi da aka ware kamar gilashi da yumbu, musamman a gefen gabas, wanda ke nuna ayyukan ɗan adam a yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Nolloth Prospecting Heritage Report |url=https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/01%20Port%20Nolloth%20prospecting%20HIA.pdf |access-date=2025-01-06 |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120063340/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/01%20Port%20Nolloth%20prospecting%20HIA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === "Slope" === "Sloepe" wani yanki ne na ilimin ƙasa da ke cikin McDougalls Bay, kimanin kilomita 5 daga tsakiyar Port Nolloth. Wannan yanki yana da duwatsu masu karkata waɗanda ke nuna abubuwan da suka faru na metamorphic da suka faru a cikin Lardin Namaqua-Natal. <ref name="journals.co.za">{{Cite web |title=The stinkfontein formation South of the Richtersveld |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10120750_2747 |access-date=2025-01-06}}</ref> A zamanin Neoproterozoic, yankin ya fuskanci manyan abubuwan da suka faru na tectonic da metamorphic waɗanda suka haifar da samuwar nau'ikan duwatsu daban-daban, gami da orthoquartzites, feldspathic quartzites, arkoses, da volcanoes . Waɗannan abubuwan sun bayyana a fili a gefen bakin teku daga Kleinzee zuwa Cliff Point, inda "Sloepe" yake. <ref name="journals.co.za" /> === Rugujewar masana'antar kamun kifi da kuma buraguzan masana'antu a Port Nolloth === A mafi yawan ƙarni na 20, kamun kifi ya zama babban abin da ke haifar da tattalin arziki ga garin. Kafa masana'antun sarrafa kifi a yankin ya taimaka wajen tallafawa wannan masana'antar. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci, ƙalubalen tattalin arziki da canje-canje a fannin kamun kifi sun haifar da raguwar waɗannan masana'antu. Zuwa shekarar 1993, yawancin wuraren sarrafa kifi sun daina aiki. Rugujewar masana'antu suna nan a bakin tekun garin. Aikin daidaita yanayi a yankin Port Nolloth ya haɗa da tsarin bin diddigin aminci a teku ga ƙananan masunta, wanda aka tallafa ta hanyar Cibiyar Tallafin Daidaita Al'umma wanda [[Conservation South Africa|Afirka ta Kudu]] ta yi aiki a matsayin hukumar gudanarwa ta Namakwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Small Grants Facility |url=https://southsouthnorth.org/portfolio_page/small-grants-facility/ |website=SouthSouthNorth}}</ref> === Hasken Hasken Port Nolloth === Hasumiyar Port Nolloth wani gini ne da ke bakin tekun yammacin Port Nolloth, Arewacin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu. Ita ce hasumiyar arewacin Afirka ta Kudu a gabar tekun yammacin Afirka. Hasumiyar tana da tsayin mita 11, an gina ta ne da layin aluminum, kuma tana da alamar rana mai siffar triangular wadda aka zana da ratsi baƙi da fari. fara aikin hasumiyar Port Nolloth a shekarar 1906 bayan da aka gabatar da ƙara ga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Cape don kafa fitilar bakin teku ta dindindin a Port Nolloth. Hasumiyar ta kuma haɗa da siginar hazo, wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 1909. Hasumiyar hasumiyar ta asali ginshiƙi ne mai launin ja mai tsawon mita 18.5, wanda aka tallafa masa da manyan wayoyin ƙarfe huɗu waɗanda aka makale a cikin siminti. Don isa ga ƙaramin baranda a saman hasumiyar, dole ne mutum ya hau tsani mai karkata. A lokacin sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki na garin, hasumiyar ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin taimakon kewayawa. A shekarun 1970, an maye gurbin hasumiyar lantarki ta atomatik kuma an maye gurbinta da hasumiyar aluAnminum ta yanzu. An sake mayar da sabon hasumiyar lantarki kimanin mita 50 a cikin ƙasa, yayin da aka dakatar da hasumiyar asali. A yau, hasumiyar lantarki har yanzu tana aiki da manufarta, tare da tsarin hasken wuta wanda ke walƙiya ko dai ja ko fari don nuna ko akwai isasshen ruwa a kan raƙuman ruwa a wajen teku don shiga tashar jiragen ruwa lafiya. === Bangon KaiKai na Bayyanawa === Bangon KaiKai Bangon bayyanawa bango ne mai siffar mosaic da ke Port Nolloth. An ƙirƙira shi ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɓaka gidan zama na KaiKai. Sunan "KaiKai" ya samo asali ne daga yaren Nama, ma'ana "a noma, a ɗaukaka shi da yabo, ko a yi masa alfahari." === Kai Kai Parkrun === Taron KaiKai Parkrun wani biki ne mai nisan kilomita 5 wanda ake gudanarwa kowace Asabar da karfe 8:00 na safe a Port Nolloth. Wannan biki ne na yammacin Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu. Yana daga cikin shirye-shiryen Parkrun na duniya, wanda ke ƙarfafa mutane na kowane zamani da matakan motsa jiki su shiga cikin motsa jiki akai-akai. Taron a buɗe yake ga kowa, ko mahalarta suna son gudu, gudu, tafiya, ko yin aikin sa kai. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] itmtekvo11q9s8893iftnzklfa1q7iq 0 155542 890477 849746 2026-08-02T09:15:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zhigang Ya''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1975) Masanin kimiyyar [[kwakwalwa]] ne na kasar Sin da Amurka kuma [[farfesa]] a fannin ilimin jijiyoyi da ilimin ido a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard . An san shi da bincikensa game da sake farfado da axon da maido da aiki biyo bayan [[Raunin kashin baya|Raunin]] kashin baya da raunin Hanyar gani. Bugu da ƙari, bincikensa yana da niyyar fahimtar ka'idodin tsarawa waɗanda ke sarrafa haɗin tsakanin kwakwalwa da kashin baya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zhigang He, PhD, BM |url=https://www.hsci.harvard.edu/people/zhigang-he-phd-bm |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Harvard Stem Cell Institute |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411172655/https://www.hsci.harvard.edu/people/zhigang-he-phd-bm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zhigang He Awarded Reeve-Irvine Research Medal |url=https://www.reeve.uci.edu/news/zhigang-he-awarded-reeve-irvine-research-medal |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=www.reeve.uci.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=2019-04-22 |title=Neuroscientists reverse some behavioral symptoms of Williams Syndrome |url=https://www.techexplorist.com/neuroscientists-reverse-behavioral-symptoms-williams-syndrome/22505/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Tech Explorist |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi == Ya sami digirinsa na PhD a fannin Genetics daga Jami'ar Toronto a shekarar 1996. Daga nan sai ya rike mukamai na postdoctoral a Jami'ar California, San Francisco . A shekara ta 2000, ya shiga Cibiyar Kirby a Neuroscience a Asibitin Yara na Boston . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zhigang He |url=https://www.childrenshospital.org/research/researchers/zhigang-he |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Boston Children's Hospital}}</ref> A halin yanzu farfesa ne na Neurology da Ophthalmology a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zhigang He, PhD, BM |url=https://pinphd.hms.harvard.edu/people/zhigang-he |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Harvard Medical School |archive-date=2024-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729105012/https://pinphd.hms.harvard.edu/people/zhigang-he |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Albert Aguayo Lecture: Axon Regeneration and Functional Restoration after CNS Injuries |url=https://www.mcgill.ca/channels/channels/event/albert-aguayo-lecture-axon-regeneration-and-functional-restoration-after-cns-injuries-339936 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Channels |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918104401/https://www.mcgill.ca/channels/channels/event/albert-aguayo-lecture-axon-regeneration-and-functional-restoration-after-cns-injuries-339936 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken da ya yi ya mayar da hankali kan sake farfadowa a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS), musamman a cikin jijiyar gani da kashin baya, da kuma Hanyoyin kwayoyin da ke cikin gyaran jijiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-26 |title=Researchers identify how microglia promote spinal cord repair in mice |url=https://medicine.osu.edu/news/microglia-promote-spinal-cord-repair |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=medicine.osu.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-11-06 |title=New Strategies for Restoring Myelin on Damaged Nerve Cells |url=https://neurosciencenews.com/remyelination-optic-nerve-17255/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Neuroscience News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya gano cewa hanyoyin siginar PTEN / MTOR da SOCS3 / STAT3 sune manyan masu kula da damar girma na neurons na manya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zhigang He |url=https://kirbyneuro.org/ZhigangHe/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Kirby Neurobiology Center}}</ref> Wannan aikin ya haifar da ci gaban saiti na farko na magudi wanda ke ba da damar sake girma mai ƙarfi a cikin samfuran rauni na CNS da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pryor |first=Julie |date=2019-04-22 |title=Neuroscientists reverse some behavioral symptoms of Williams Syndrome |url=https://mcgovern.mit.edu/2019/04/22/neuroscientists-reverse-some-behavioral-symptoms-of-williams-syndrome/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=MIT McGovern Institute |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-06-22 |title=Neurons That Regenerate and Neurons That Die |url=https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroregeneration-apoptosis-6959/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Neuroscience News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bincika gaskiyar cewa, a cikin marasa lafiya da yawa na rauni na kashin baya, ba duk axons ba ne aka yanke; duk da haka, sauran haɗin sau da yawa sukan zama masu shiru. Ya gano cewa wannan barci na aiki ya faru ne saboda raunin da ya haifar da rauni na mai jigilar chloride KCC2 a cikin neurons masu hana kashin baya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Zhigang He |url=https://moleculargenetics.utoronto.ca/dr-zhigang-he |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=University of Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scientists regenerate neurons that restore walking in mice after paralysis from spinal cord injury |url=https://www.uclahealth.org/news/release/scientists-regenerate-neurons-restore-walking-mice-after |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=www.uclahealth.org |language=en}}</ref> Maido da aikin KCC2 yana gabatar da hanyar da za a iya fassara sosai don farfado da aikin da aka kare a cikin marasa lafiya tare da raunin kashin baya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zhigang He |url=https://www.societyns.org/zhigang-he |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Society for Neuroscience}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Factor isolated that regenerates nerve fibers |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/470268 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=EurekAlert! |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == arta {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dy3ozha5wdyezjrrhlwnumrqmi0hgv6 0 155889 890474 868385 2026-08-02T08:57:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Russian, Chechen, Zurbek Musaевич Байсангуров'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaurbek_Baysangurov</ref> an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1985 tsohon ɗan wasan dambe ne na Rasha wanda ya yi gasa daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa 2014. Ya kasance tsohon zakaran WBO da IBO na matsakaicin nauyi, bayan ya rike taken IBO sau biyu tsakanin 2010 da 2015 da kuma taken WBO tsakanin 2011 da 2013. Ya rike taken Turai tsakanin 2007 da 2008 da kuma taken WBA Inter-Continental tsakanin 2009 da 2010. Zaurbek ɗan kabilar Chechen ne daga teip Terloy.<ref>http://www.boxnews.com.ua/news/3509/2007-07-08/Baysangurov-the-new-European-champ-</ref> == Ayyukan ɗan wasa == A shekara ta 2001, Baysangurov ya lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Cin Kofin Kasa ta Rasha ta 2001 a Rostov a watan Yuni, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2001 Russian Cadet National Championships in Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast |url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Nationalchamps/Russia2001c.pdf}}</ref> sannan ya lashe lambar yabo ta zinare a gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 2001 a [[Liverpool|Liverpool, Ingila]] a watan Yuli, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2001 Cadet European Boxing Championships in Liverpool, England |url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/EuropeanCadetChampionships2001.html}}</ref> kuma ya ci gaba da lashe lambar tagulla a Gasar Kasa ta Duniya ta Cadet ta 2001 a [[Baku|Baku, Azerbaijan]] a watan Oktoba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2001 Cadet World Boxing Championships in Baku, Azerbaijan |url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/WorldCadetChampionships2001.html}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, Baysangurov ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar zakarun Rasha ta 2002 a Tyumen a watan Mayu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2002 Russian Cadet National Championships in Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast |url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Nationalchamps/Russia2002j.html}}</ref> kuma ya ci gaba da lashe lambar tagulla a gasar zarrawar duniya ta 2002 a Santiago na Cuba a watan Satumba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2002 Junior World Boxing Championships in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/WorldJuniorChamps2002.html}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, Baysangurov ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2003 a [[Wosaa|Warsaw, Poland]] a watan Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2003 Junior European Boxing Championships in Warsaw, Poland |url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/EuropeanJuniorChampionships2003.html}}</ref> === Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa === * 2002 Junior World Championships lambar tagulla. Kashe Aslan Bayramov (Azerbaijan) Kashe Hwang Ryong (Koriya ta Kudu) Kashe Juan de Dios Navarro (Mexico) Kashe Vilier Quinones (Cuba) ** Kashe Aslan Bayramov (Azerbaijan) ** An ci Hwang Ryong (Koriya ta Kudu) ** An ci Juan de Dios Navarro (Mexico) ** Ya ɓace zuwa Vilier Quinones (Cuba) * 2003 Junior European Championships medalist zinare medalist. ** An ci Mindaugas Spakauskas (Lithuania) ** An ci Dian Petrov (Bulgaria) ** An ci Stefan Dragomir (Romania) ** An ci Sergiy Derevyanchenko (Ukraine) ** An ci Rakhib Beylarov (Azerbaijan) == Ayyukan sana'a == Zaurbek Baysangurov ya fara aikinsa na farko a shekara ta 2004 yana da shekaru 20. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta IBF Youth a shekara ta 2005, kuma ya rike lambar yabo ta IbF Youth daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa shekara ta 2006, kuma ya tara rikodin nasarori 14 tare da duka sai dai biyu ta hanyar dakatar da shi. A ranar 23 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2006, Baysangurov ya fuskanci Marco Antonio Rubio don samun lambar yabo ta WBC International a [[Kiev|Kyiv, Ukraine]]. Rubio ya bar Baysangurov a zagaye na farko amma ya dawo don lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya ta hanyar cin nasara da abokin hamayyarsa don lashe sauran zagaye goma sha ɗaya a kan katunan alƙalai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2006 |title=Россиянин Заур Байсангуров стал обладателем пояса чемпиона WBC |url=https://regnum.ru/news/710042.html |access-date=26 October 2018 |publisher=[[Regnum News Agency]] |archive-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026222447/https://regnum.ru/news/710042.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2007, EBU ta sanar da cewa Baysangurov zai fuskanci dan wasan dambe na Faransa Hussein Bayram don samun lambar yabo ta matsakaicin matsakaicin Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2007 |title=Право на бой Байсангуров – Байрам выиграла украинская сторона |url=http://www.boxnews.com.ua/news/3417/2007-05-22/K2-wins-purse-bid-for-Baysangurov-Bayram |access-date=26 October 2018 |publisher=BoxNews.com.ua}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin, ya lashe gasar ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya a [[Köln|Cologne, Jamus]]. Alƙalai biyu sun ba da kyautar 114-113 da kuma wani 115-113 ga Baysangurov.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2007 |title=Байсангуров – чемпион Европы! |url=http://www.boxnews.com.ua/news/3509/2007-07-08/Baysangurov-the-new-European-champ- |access-date=26 October 2018 |publisher=BoxNews.com.ua}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008 ya rasa ta hanyar KO na zagaye na 5 ga tsohon tauraron Mai fafatawa Cornelius Bundrage . == Rubuce-rubucen dambe na sana'a == {{Boxing record summary|ko-wins=21|ko-losses=1|dec-wins=8|dec-losses=0|dq-losses=0|dq-wins=0|draws=0|nc=0}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" !{{Abbr|No.|Number}} !Result !Record !Opponent !Type !Round, time !Date !Location !Notes |- |30 |{{yes2}}Win |29–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|ARG}} Guido Nicolas Pitto |TKO |12 (12), {{Small|2:58}} |2014-04-12 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Ice Palace Terminal, [[Brovary]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant [[International Boxing Organization|IBO]] [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |29 |{{yes2}}Win |28–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|CZE}} [[Lukas Konecny]] |UD |12 |2012-10-06 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|[[Palace of Sports, Kyiv|Palace of Sports]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained [[World Boxing Organization|WBO]] [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |28 |{{yes2}}Win |27–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Soro]] |UD |12 |2012-05-12 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Ice Palace Terminal, [[Brovary]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained [[International Boxing Organization|IBO]] & [[World Boxing Organization|WBO]] [[Super welterweight]] titles.}} |- |27 |{{yes2}}Win |26–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|BRA}} Mike Miranda |KO |1 (12), {{Small|0:51}} |2011-07-30 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Sportpalace, [[Odesa]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won interim [[World Boxing Organization|WBO]] [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |26 |{{yes2}}Win |25–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|COL}} Richard Gutierrez |TKO |12 (12), {{Small|2:36}} |2010-12-04 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Ice Palace Terminal, [[Brovary]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant [[International Boxing Organization|IBO]] [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |25 |{{yes2}}Win |24–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|POR}} Eugenio Monteiro |RTD |3 (8), {{Small|3:00}} |16 Oct 2010 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Barclaycard Arena (Hamburg)|O2 World Hamburg]], [[Hamburg]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |24 |{{yes2}}Win |23–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|KOS}} Frank Shabani |RTD |5 (12), {{Small|3:00}} |2009-12-19 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Sport Palace Yunost, [[Zaporizhzhia]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] Inter-Continental [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |23 |{{yes2}}Win |22–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Eromosele Albert]] |UD |12 |2009-08-15 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Small|Dynamo, [[Grozny]], Russia}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] Inter-Continental [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |22 |{{yes2}}Win |21–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|ITA}} Cristian De Martinis |KO |1 (12), {{Small|2:36}} |2009-05-30 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|[[Palace of Sports, Kyiv|Palace of Sports]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] Inter-Continental [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |21 |{{yes2}}Win |20–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|Georgia}} Mikheil Khutsishvili |RTD |1 (8), {{Small|3:00}} |2009-04-22 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|[[Sport Palace Lokomotiv]], [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |20 |{{no2}}Loss |19–1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Cornelius Bundrage]] |TKO |5 (12), {{Small|2:35}} |2008-12-13 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[SAP Arena]], [[Mannheim]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |19 |{{yes2}}Win |19–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|Moldova}} [[Ion Gonța]] |RTD |7 (12), {{Small|3:00}} |12 Jul 2008 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Color Line Arena]], [[Hamburg]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained [[European Boxing Union|EBU]] European [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |18 |{{yes2}}Win |18–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} Roman Dzhuman |TKO |8 (12), {{Small|1:24}} |2008-03-23 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Sportpalace Meteor, [[Dnipropetrovsk]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained [[European Boxing Union|EBU]] European [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |17 |{{yes2}}Win |17–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|Romania}} Gheorghe Danut |UD |10 |2008-02-21 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|[[Palace of Sports, Kyiv|Palace of Sports]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |16 |{{yes2}}Win |16–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Hussein Bayram]] |UD |12 |2007-07-07 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Kölnarena]], [[Cologne]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant [[European Boxing Union|EBU]] European [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |15 |{{yes2}}Win |15–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|MEX}} [[Marco Antonio Rubio]] |UD |12 |2006-09-23 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|[[Palace of Sports, Kyiv|Palace of Sports]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] International [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |14 |{{yes2}}Win |14–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|Hungary}} Laszlo Buranyi |KO |3 (10), {{Small|2:43}} |2006-04-08 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|AKKO International, [[Kyiv]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] Youth [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |13 |{{yes2}}Win |13–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|Zambia}} John Chibuta |TKO |9 (10), {{Small|2:23}} |2006-01-28 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Tempodrom]], [[Berlin]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] Youth [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |12 |{{yes2}}Win |12–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|ARG}} Juan Manuel Alaggio |TKO |9 (10), {{Small|1:02}} |2005-12-10 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Leipziger Arena, [[Leipzig]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] Youth [[Super welterweight]] title.}} |- |11 |{{yes2}}Win |11–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|POL}} Daniel Urbanski |RTD |8 (10), {{Small|3:00}} |2005-09-16 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Sportpalace Meteor, [[Dnipropetrovsk]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] Youth [[Middleweight]] title.}} |- |10 |{{yes2}}Win |10–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|BLR}} Aliaksandr Shnip |TKO |5 (10) |2005-07-14 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Night Club Milenium, [[Lviv]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |9 |{{yes2}}Win |9–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|FRA}} Stephane Talliana |TKO |1 (8), {{Small|1:33}} |2005-04-23 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Arena Westfalenhalle, [[Dortmund]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |8 |{{yes2}}Win |8–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|RUS}} Vladimir Zavgorodniy |TKO |4 (6), {{Small|2:42}} |2005-02-24 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|[[Palace of Sports, Kyiv|Palace of Sports]], [[Kyiv]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |7 |{{yes2}}Win |7–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|TUR}} Adnan Oezcoban |{{Abbr|RTD|Corner Retirement}} |3 (6), {{Small|3:00}} |2005-02-12 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Max-Schmeling-Halle]], [[Berlin]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |6 |{{yes2}}Win |6–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|ARG}} Pablo Martin Paoliello |UD |6 |2004-11-20 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|BigBox, [[Kempten]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |5 |{{yes2}}Win |5–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} Oleksandr Matviichuk |{{Abbr|UD|Unanimous decision}} |6 |2004-09-24 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Sportpalace, [[Odesa]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |4 |{{yes2}}Win |4–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|RUS}} Andrey Tylilyuk |TKO |2 (6), {{Small|2:48}} |2004-09-17 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Small|Dynamo Bar, [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |3 |{{yes2}}Win |3–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|BLR}} Dzmitri Kashkan |TKO |2 (6) |2004-07-16 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|BLR}} {{Small|Entertainment Center Aurora, [[Vitebsk]], Belarus}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |2 |{{yes2}}Win |2–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|BLR}} Siarhei Navarka |{{Abbr|KO|Knockout}} |2 (4), {{Small|1:59}} |2004-07-06 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Small|Krylia Sovetov, [[Moscow]], Russia}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |1 |{{yes2}}Win |1–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|RUS}} Andrey Gibalo |{{Abbr|TKO|Technical knockout}} |3 (4), {{Small|0:57}} |2004-06-26 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|UKR}} {{Small|Zviozdniy Hall, [[Feodosia]], [[Autonomous Republic of Crimea|Crimea]], Ukraine}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Professional debut}} |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Boxing record for Zaurbek BaysangurovdagaBoxRec (rubuce-rubuce da ake buƙata) * [http://amateur-boxing.w.interia.pl/WorldJuniorChamps2002.html Sakamakon gasar zakarun duniya na yara 2002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811101107/http://amateur-boxing.w.interia.pl/WorldJuniorChamps2002.html |date=2011-08-11 }} An adana shi 2011-08-11 a * [http://www.boxnews.com.ua/person.php?id=70&lng=en Rayuwa] * [http://www.doghouseboxing.com/Kasdin/Kasdin_092606.htm Labarin Doghouse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017064215/http://doghouseboxing.com/Kasdin/Kasdin_092606.htm |date=2007-10-17 }} An adana shi 2007-10-17 a {{S-start}} {{s-sports}} {{s-text|style=background:#C1D8FF; font-weight: bold;|text=Regional boxing titles}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=IBF Youth middleweight champion}} {{S-vac}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=IBF Youth light middleweight champion}} {{S-vac}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=WBC International<br> light middleweight champion}} {{S-vac}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of European Boxing Union light middleweight champions|European light middleweight champion]]}} {{S-vac}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=WBA Inter-Continental<br> light middleweight champion}} {{S-vac}} {{S-break}} {{s-text|style=background:#C1D8FF; font-weight: bold;|text=Minor world boxing titles}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of IBO world champions#Super welterweight|IBO light middleweight champion]]}} {{S-vac}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=IBO light middleweight champion}} {{S-vac}} {{s-text|style=background:#C1D8FF; font-weight: bold;|text=Major world boxing titles}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of WBO world champions#Junior middleweight|WBO light middleweight champion]]<br>Interim title}} {{S-vac}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=WBO light middleweight champion}} {{S-vac}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 2gowxvwn3dvly06gbz4bfri8wf5gioa 0 156126 890551 882194 2026-08-02T11:16:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hukumar Wasannin Karkashin Ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAUSF)''' ita ce wakiliyar CMAS (Tarayyar Karkashin Ruwa ta Duniya) a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu, kuma tana da alaƙa da Hukumar Wasannin Afirka ta Kudu da Kwamitin Olympics (SASCOC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=SOUTH AFRICAN UNDERWATER SPORTS FEDERATION |url=http://www.cmas.org/cmas/federations?id=147 |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516193546/http://www.cmas.org/cmas/federations?id=147 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A da, SAUSF, wacce aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAUU), ita ce ke da alhakin gudanar da dukkan wasannin ƙarƙashin ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu. Wannan ya haɗa da yin kwale-kwale dangane da nutsewa, da kuma horar da masu ruwa da tsaki da nutsewa a cikin ruwa, amma waɗannan fannoni biyu na wasannin ƙarƙashin ruwa sun rikide zuwa ayyukan kasuwanci kuma sun rabu daga SAUU zuwa SASCA da CMAS-ISA bi da bi, yayin da wasannin motsa jiki masu gasa kamar wasan hockey na ƙarƙashin ruwa, kamun kifi, finswimming da nutsewa kyauta suka kasance tare da SAUU. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.sausf.co.za/index.php/about/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310100855/http://www.sausf.co.za/index.php/about/history |archive-date=2013-03-10 |access-date=2013-05-18}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin membobi == * Ƙungiyar Kamun Kifi ta Ƙasashen Afirka ta Kudu (SAUFF) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.sauff.co.za/ |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=SAUFF}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar Hockey ta ƙarƙashin ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAUWHF) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to SA Underwater Hockey |url=http://www.sauwhf.co.za/ |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=SAUWHF}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar Jagororin Rufe Ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu * Ƙungiyar Rugby ta ƙarƙashin ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SAURF) <ref>{{Cite web |title=SOUTH AFRICAN UNDERWATER RUGBY |url=http://www.nurses.co.za/uwr/ |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=SOUTH AFRICAN UNDERWATER RUGBY |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000432/http://www.nurses.co.za/uwr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 3pw0ikv12b331opdoey5lbemlq531zm 0 156168 890476 852325 2026-08-02T09:12:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Zero Plastic Straw Community | abbreviation = ZPSC | founder = Toluwalase Abiona | founded_date = 11 Oktoba 2021 | headquarters = Lagos, Najeriya | type = Kungiya mai zaman kanta (NGO) | focus = Kare muhalli, rage amfani da robobi, wayar da kai kan sauyin yanayi }} '''Zero Plastic Straw Community''' ('''ZPSC''') kungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Najeriya da ke aiki wajen rage gurbatar muhalli da robobi, musamman amfani da robobin ''straw'', tare da wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalolin sauyin yanayi da dorewar muhalli. An kafa kungiyar a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2021 a birnin Lagos ta hannun '''Toluwalase Abiona''', wata matashiyar masaniyar muhalli kuma mai fafutukar kare teku da muhalli. == Tarihi == An kafa kungiyar ne bayan Toluwalase Abiona ta lura da yawaitar gurbacewar muhalli da robobi a yankin Lawanson da ke Lagos, inda ta taso. Bayan shiga shirye-shiryen horo kan dorewar muhalli da gurbatar robobi, ta fara gudanar da ayyukan tsaftace muhalli da wayar da kan jama'a. Wannan ya haifar da kafuwar Zero Plastic Straw Community domin ilmantar da matasa da al'umma game da illolin robobi ga muhalli da hanyoyin magance su.<ref name="Bluedot">{{cite web |title=Meet Nigerian Environmental Activist Toluwalase Abiona |url=https://bluedotliving.com/meet-nigerian-environmental-activist-toluwalase-abiona/ |publisher=BlueDot Living |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref><ref name="URecycle">{{cite web |title=Toluwalase Abiona Story |url=https://www.urecycleinitiative.org/toluwalase-abiona-story/ |publisher= U-Recycle Initiative Africa |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == Manufofi == Kungiyar tana da manufar: * Dakatar da amfani da robobin ''single-use plastic straws''. * Wayar da kai game da matsalolin sauyin yanayi. * Karfafa matasa su shiga ayyukan kare muhalli. * Inganta sake amfani da kayayyaki da kuma sake sarrafa shara (recycling). * Tallafawa Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (SDGs), musamman SDG 6, SDG 12, SDG 13 da SDG 14.<ref name="ZPSC">{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://zeroplasticstrawcommunity.org/home-2/ |publisher=Zero Plastic Straw Community |access-date=9 June 2026 |archive-date=9 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260609095013/https://zeroplasticstrawcommunity.org/home-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Tun bayan kafuwarta, kungiyar ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama da suka hada da: * Shirye-shiryen ilimantarwa kan muhalli a makarantu da al'ummomi. * Gangamin tsaftace bakin teku da magudanan ruwa. * Rarraba hanyoyin maye gurbin robobin ''straw'' da kayayyakin da ba sa cutar da muhalli. * Horar da matasa kan dabarun kare muhalli da sauyin yanayi. * Shirye-shiryen ''Youth Climate Action Day'' da sauran gangamin kare muhalli.<ref name="LinkedIn">{{cite web |title=Zero Plastic Straw Community |url=https://ng.linkedin.com/company/zero-plastic-straw-community |publisher=LinkedIn |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa kungiyar ta taimaka wajen ilmantar da dubban matasa game da sake sarrafa robobi da kare muhalli, tare da samar da manyan kwantena na tattara robobi domin sake sarrafawa.<ref name="Planeteer">{{cite web |title=Planeteer Feature: Toluwalase Proves that Every Action Counts |url=https://planeteeralliance.com/blog/planeteer-feature-toluwalase-proves-that-every-action-counts/ |publisher=Planeteer Alliance |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == Toluwalase Abiona == '''Toluwalase Abiona''' masaniya ce a fannin kimiyyar teku (Marine Biology) kuma mai fafutukar kare muhalli daga Najeriya. Ta kafa Zero Plastic Straw Community a shekarar 2021 domin yaki da gurbatar muhalli da robobi. Ayyukanta sun samu karbuwa a Najeriya da kasashen waje, inda aka karrama ta da lambobin yabo daban-daban saboda gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen kare muhalli.<ref name="RecyclingHero">{{cite web |title=Recycling Heroes on Global Recycling Day |url=https://recyclinginternational.com/business/recycling-heroes-on-global-recycling-day/56643/ |publisher=Recycling International |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya * Sake sarrafa shara * Kare muhalli a Najeriya == Manazarta == <references/> [[Category:Kungiyoyin kare muhalli a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Muhalli a Najeriya]] [[Category:Lagos]] [[Category:Sauyin yanayi]] [[Category:Sake sarrafa shara]] gc16z0mm6jixxjno2ivlwjt1qkizf3g 0 156211 890239 852488 2026-08-01T17:53:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890239 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Jerin abubuwan da suka faru da suka shafi jima'i da magani''' == Karni na 19 == Sanya Sakin layi * [[Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing]], masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Jamus, ya wallafa wani binciken jima'i: [[Psychopathia Sexualis]] == Karni na 20 == '''1948''' * ''Halin Jima'i a cikin Mutum'', "Rahoton Kinsey" na farko, Alfred Kinsey ne ya buga shi. '''1953''' * ''Halin Jima'i a cikin Mata'', na biyu "Rahoton Kinsey", Alfred Kinsey ne ya buga shi. '''1957''' * An kafa Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality don karfafa nazarin tsarin jima'i. '''1973''' * Ƙungiyar Likitocin Zuciya ta Amurka ta kada kuri'a don cire luwadi daga Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). '''1975''' * An kafa kungiyar Gay and Lesbian Health Caucus na Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Jama'a ta Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LGBTQ Health Caucus - Home |url=https://aphalgbtq.org/ |access-date=2022-02-22 |website=aphalgbtq.org}}</ref> '''1977''' * An kafa likitocin Bay Area don 'Yancin Dan Adam a San Francisco a matsayin ƙungiyar tallafi ga ɗaliban likitanci na gay da lesbian, mazauna, da sauran masu ba da kiwon lafiya. Kungiyar ta yi iƙirarin cewa ita ce ƙungiyar likitocin LGBT ta farko a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BAPHR - About |url=http://www.baphr.org/about/default.asp |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172306/http://www.baphr.org/about/default.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''1981''' * An kafa kungiyar likitocin Gay da Lesbian a cikin 1981 a matsayin kungiyar likitoci ta Amurka don 'yancin dan adam . * An fara bayar da rahoton shari'o'in farko na rashin lafiyar gay, wanda yanzu ake kira [[Kanjamau|Cutar kanjamau]], a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1981, lokacin da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka na Amurka suka rubuta tarin cutar huhu a cikin maza biyar masu luwadi a Los Angeles. '''1987''' * An cire ganewar asali na luwadi na son kai daga DSM. '''1990''' * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta maye gurbin rarraba luwadi a matsayin rashin lafiya na hankali tare da gano yanayin jima'i na son kai. '''1991''' * Ƙungiyar Psychoanalytic ta Amurka ta ba da wata sanarwa da ke ba da izinin horar da masu nazarin kwakwalwa.<ref name="psychologytoday1">{{Cite web |date=2019-06-21 |title=Stonewall's 50th Anniversary and an Overdue Apology |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/psychoanalysis-unplugged/201906/stonewall-s-50th-anniversary-and-overdue-apology |access-date=2019-06-26 |publisher=Psychology Today}}</ref> == Karni na 21 == '''2002''' * Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka ta buga Healthy People 2010, tare da burin kara inganci da shekaru na rayuwa mai lafiya da kuma kawar da [[Daidaitaccen lafiya|bambancin kiwon lafiya]] a Amurka. Ya gano yanayin jima'i a matsayin daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi yawan jama'a 6 da ke taimakawa ga bambancin kiwon lafiya. {{Blockquote|America's gay and lesbian population comprises a diverse community with disparate health concerns. Major health issues for gay men are HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, substance use, depression, and suicide. Gay male adolescents are two to three times more likely than their peers to attempt suicide. Some evidence suggests lesbians have higher rates of smoking, [[overweight]], [[alcohol use disorder]], and stress than heterosexual women. The issues surrounding personal, family, and social acceptance of sexual orientation can place a significant burden on mental health and personal safety.|[[Healthy People 2010]] <ref>Healthy People 2010, 2nd ed. "A Systematic Approach to Health Improvement" http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/tableofcontents.htm#parta {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627032736/http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/tableofcontents.htm#parta |date=2007-06-27 }}</ref>}} * Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta New York ta soke takardar shaidar ƙungiyar ɗaliban likitancin LGBT bayan ƙungiyar ta nemi canza sunanta daga Ƙungiyar Taimako ta Dalibai zuwa Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender People in Medicine. Jami'an makarantar sun yi iƙirarin cewa "kungiyar da shugabanta za su ba da shawara da inganta ayyukan da ba su dace da dabi'un NYMC ba. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=New York Medical College Bans LGBTPM Chapter |url=http://www.amsa.org/lgbt/nymc.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018024049/https://www.amsa.org/lgbt/nymc.cfm |archive-date=2007-10-18 |access-date=2008-07-13}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Westchester Journal News, shugaban AMA na lokacin John Nelson ya ce a matsayin ma'aikata mai zaman kanta kwalejin tana da damar saitawa da aiwatar da manufofinta. Kungiyar AMA ba ta goyi bayan haramcin ba, kuma kungiyar ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke ikirarin ra'ayoyin shugaban kasa ba wakilin manufofin AMA ba ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=thebacklot.com - Corner of Hollywood and Gay |url=http://www.365gay.com/newscon05/02/021805AMA.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090115/http://www.365gay.com/newscon05/02/021805AMA.htm |archive-date=2007-09-29 |access-date=14 March 2015 |website=thebacklot.com}}</ref> {{Blockquote|If you own a business or if you have a private entity, and there are rules for membership there, you have to follow the rules or you can't be a member. For example, if you come to [[Brigham Young University#Honor code|Brigham Young University]], where my children happen to go to school, there are certain things you do not do, among which is, you do not drink Coca-Cola on campus because that's against the rules. ...|[[John Nelson (physician)|John Nelson]], president AMA<ref>Eddings, Keith. The Journal News. 12 February 2005 http://www.thejournalnews.com/newsroom/021205/a01p12gaymed.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204416/http://www.thejournalnews.com/newsroom/021205/a01p12gaymed.html |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>}} * Jerin kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na LGBT * Jima'i da ilimin halayyar dan adam * Jima'i a cikin DSM == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] 9slcoq9fu0glfur6cfboc0ioxdtc7hw 0 156218 890381 881712 2026-08-02T02:27:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Worgu Boms | image = | image_size = | caption = | office = [[Acting Deputy National secretary]] All Progressives Congress APC | term_start = June 21st 2020 | term_end = | lieutenant2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | order2 = | office2 = [[Attorney General of Rivers State]] | governor = [[Chibuike Amaechi]] | term_start2 = 2011 | term_end2 = 2015 | lieutenant = | predecessor = [[Ken Chikere]] | successor = [[Emmanuel C. Aguma]] | order3 = | office3 = Chairman of the <br>[[Nigerian Bar Association]] | term_start3 = 2010 | term_end3 = 2011 | lieutenant3 = | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1968|3|31}} | birth_place = [[Rivers State]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Rivers State University of Science and Technology]] | profession = Lawyer | party = | spouse = | footnotes = | website = }} '''Worgu Boms''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1968) lauya ne na Najeriya kuma tsohon Babban Lauyan Jihar Rivers kuma Kwamishinan Shari'a.<ref name="tide2">{{cite news |date=8 October 2014 |title=Rivers A-GExplains Laptop Gifts To Lawyers |url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2014/10/08/rivers-a-gexplains-laptop-gifts-to-lawyers/ |accessdate=22 December 2014 |location=[[Port Harcourt]] |newspaper=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == Boms ya tafi Makarantar Jiha ta [[Elekahia Port Harcourt|Elekahia]], Port Harcourt da Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Eneka . Ya sami karatun sakandare a [[Jami'ar Jihar Ribas|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Rivers]] kuma ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta B.L. daga [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]]. <ref name="boms1">{{Cite web |date= |title=Board Members |url=http://www.indoramaeleme.com/about-iepl.php?id=22 |access-date=22 December 2014 |publisher=Indoramaeleme.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1992, ya sami shiga cikin shirin Bar da Sabis na Matasa na Kasa. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya fara aiki tare da kamfanin lauya na Serena David Dokubo & Co a Port Harcourt kafin ya kafa Worgu Boms Chambers . <ref name="boms">{{Cite web |date= |title=Hon. Worgu Boms |url=http://www.rsbopp.rv.gov.ng/index.php/about-us/board-of-directors/83-about-us/board-of-directors/163-hon-worgu-boms |access-date=22 December 2014 |publisher=rsbopp.rv.gov.ng |archive-date=22 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222023116/http://www.rsbopp.rv.gov.ng/index.php/about-us/board-of-directors/83-about-us/board-of-directors/163-hon-worgu-boms |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boms tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya da [[Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Duniya|Ƙungiyar Bar ta Duniya]]. Ya shiga cikin Taron da Taron Taron a Najeriya da kasashen waje, gami da Taron Kasa da Kasa na Cambridge kan Laifukan Tattalin Arziki . Ya shugabanci reshen Port Harcourt na kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya. A shekara ta 2011, an nada shi Babban Lauyan da Kwamishinan Shari'a a cikin majalisar ministocin Gwamna Chibuike Amaechi.<ref name="nationalnetwork2">{{cite news |date=28 September 2011 |title=Commissioner Appointment: Worgu Boms Risks Suspension |url=http://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/VOL7/Vol8n39/worguboms.html |accessdate=22 December 2014 |location=[[Port Harcourt]] |newspaper=[[National Network (newspaper)|National Network]] |archive-date=20 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620140903/http://www.nationalnetworkonline.com/VOL7/Vol8n39/worguboms.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == 6yb5b6fnsw1zjqasgonbf0irhv7vfo8 0 156351 890114 853266 2026-08-01T12:30:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar jirgin kasa ta Dauram [[Madhepura]]''' (code station: '''DMH''') tashar jirgin kasa ce a Gundumar Madhepura, [[Bihar]], [[Indiya]] . Tana kusa da babbar Hanyar Kasa ta 231 da ke haɗa Maheshkhunt, Madhepura da Purnia, kuma da farko tana aiki da Madhepura le yankunan da ke kewaye da ita. Tashar ta fada karkashin sashin jirgin kasa na Samastipur na yankin Railway na Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma tana kan layin dogo tsakanin Saharsa da Purnia. Yawancin fasinjoji da jiragen kasa masu gaggawa suna tsayawa a wannan tashar.<ref name="irinfo">{{Cite web |title=Dauram Madhepura Railway Station (DMH): Station code, timetable and map |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/dauram-madhepura-dmh/4095 |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref name="ecr">{{Cite web |title=Dauram Madhepura |url=https://ecr.indianrailways.gov.in/test.jsp?DIVISION_ID=1&STATION_ID=Dauram%20Madhepura |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=ecr.indianrailways.gov.in |publisher=Indian Railways}}</ref> == Tarihi == Sashen Saharsa-Purnia, wanda Dauram Madhepura ke zaune a kai, an gina shi ne a matsayin layin dogo mai auna mita a shekarun 1950. An mayar da shi babban ma'aunin kuma an sake buɗe shi don zirga-zirga a ranar 10 ga Yuni 2016, a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin sabunta layin dogo na Indiya. Tare da wannan haɓakawa, tashar Dauram Madhepura ta sami wutar lantarki kuma an samar mata da ingantattun kayan aikin fasinjoji..<ref name="irinfo"/> == Wurin da tsari == Tashar tana kan babbar Hanyar Kasa ta 231 a Gundumar Madhepura, [[Bihar]] . Yana kwance kusan kilomita 21 a yammacin Saharsa Junction da kilomita 60 a gabashin Purnia Junction a kan Layin Saharsa-Purnia. Dauram Madhepura yana da dandamali guda biyu, waƙoƙi uku masu amfani da wutar lantarki, da kayan aikin fasinja na asali kamar mafaka, wurin zama, da filin ajiye motoci.<ref name="railyatri">{{Cite web |title=Dauram Madhepura Railway Station (DMH) |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/dauram-madhepura-dmh |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=RailYatri}}</ref> == Gidajen == Tashar tana da masu lissafin tikiti, wuraren jira, wurin zama mai kariya, ƙananan kiosks don shayi da abincin rana, wuraren ajiye motoci da keken keke, da Wi-Fi kyauta da RailTel ta bayar. Wani wurin tsayawa a waje da tashar yana ba da haɗin gida.<ref name="railyatri"/> == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery widths="320px"> Fayil:Dauram_Madhepura_Railway_Station_Platform_1.jpg|Dauram Madhepura Railway Station Platform 1 Fayil:Dauram_Madhepura_Railway_Station_Office_Building.jpg|Dauram Madhepura Railway Station Office Building </gallery> == Ayyukan jirgin kasa == Kimanin jiragen kasa 24 suna tsayawa a Dauram Madhepura kowace rana, gami da gaggawa, MEMU, da sabis na fasinja.<ref name="ixigo">{{Cite web |title=Dauram Madhepura Railway Station – Train Schedule & Info |url=https://www.ixigo.com/train-stations/dauram-madhpura-dmh-railway-station |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Ixigo}}</ref> === Manyan jiragen kasa === * Hate Bazare Express (ta hanyar Purnea) (13169/13170) - Sealdah ♡ Purnia ♡ Saharsa * Janaki Intercity Express (15283/15284) - Manihari * Janhit Express (13205/13206) - Kotun Patliputra * Kosi Express (1862562/186) - Kotun Hatia * Kotun Purnia-Amritsar Jan Sewa Express (14617/14618) - Kotun Puronia Amritsar <ref name="goibibo">{{Cite web |title=Trains at Dauram Madhepura Station (DMH) |url=https://www.goibibo.com/trains/dauram-madhepura-railway-station-dmh-stn/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Goibibo}}</ref> * Jogbani-Danapur Vande Bharat Express (26301/26302) - Jogbani Tian Danapur === Ayyukan fasinjoji / MEMU === * Dauram Madhepura-Saharsa MEMU (63359/63360) * Saharsa-Purnia DEMU (75257/75258/75259/75260/75261/75262) * Kotun Saharsa-Purnia DEMU / Fast Fasinja (75225/75226/55569/55570) * Saharsa-Bihariganj DEMU (75263/75264) <ref name="makemytrip">{{Cite web |title=Dauram Madhepura Station – Train Enquiry |url=https://www.makemytrip.com/railways/dauram-madhpura-dmh-railway-station.html |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=MakeMyTrip |archive-date=23 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823033759/https://www.makemytrip.com/railways/dauram-madhpura-dmh-railway-station.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yawan fasinjoji == A cewar RailYatri, tashar tashar Grade D (NSG-5) ce, tana kula da matsakaicin zirga-zirgar fasinjoji na yau da kullun. Yana da yawa a safiyar da maraice saboda kwararar tafiye-tafiye zuwa Saharsa da Purnia.<ref name="railyatri"/> == Muhimmancin Yankin == Tashar tana samar da muhimmiyar hanyar haɗin jirgin ƙasa zuwa ƙauyuka a arewacin gundumar Madhepura, ciki har da Budhma, Mithai, da Karukhirhar Nagar. Tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa yankunan karkara da cibiyoyin kasuwanci kamar Saharsa, Purnia, da Madhepura, kuma tana tallafawa jigilar amfanin gona, ɗalibai, da ma'aikata.<ref name="irinfo"/> == Dubi kuma == * Tashar jirgin kasa ta Saharsa Junction * Tashar jirgin kasa ta Purnia Junction * Layin Saharsa-Purnia * Yankin Jirgin Sama na Gabas ta Tsakiya == Manazarta == <references /> t3898vfcar3kbussdfjb6wk9fyovd8l 0 156373 890217 853098 2026-08-01T15:55:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Timothy Oluwole Obadare | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = April 11, 1930. Age 83 | birth_place = [[Ilesa]], [[Osun State, Nigeria]] | other_names = Baba Obadare | citizenship = Nigerian | occupation = {{flatlist| *pastor *preacher *evangelist }} | parents = | relatives = | known_for = | years_active = 1957 - 2013 | website = [http://obadare.com/his-life/ Obadare Official website] }} '''Timothy Oluwole Obadare''' (Afrilu 1930 - Maris 2013, Shekara 83.) ya kasance mai bishara [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma Janar mai bishara ne na [[Christ Apostolic Church|Ikilisiyar Manzanni ta Kristi]] (CAC).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nigerian Televangelist Prophet Obadare Dead At 83 |url=http://saharareporters.com/2013/03/21/nigerian-televangelist-prophet-obadare-dead-83 |accessdate=14 March 2015 |location=New York City, United States |newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Emmanuel Oladesu |title=Obadare: Exit of a religious colossus |url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/obadare-exit-of-a-religious-colossus/ |accessdate=14 March 2015 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref>. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Obadare a [[Ilesa]], yanzu wani ɓangare na [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]], ga David da Felicia Obadare, fasto da karamin ɗan kasuwa, bi da bi.<ref name="dacb">{{Cite web |title=Obadare, Timothy Oluwole, Nigeria, Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) (Worldwide)/World Soul-Winning Evangelistic Ministry (WOSEM) |url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/nigeria/obadare-timothy.html |access-date=14 March 2015 |website=dacb.org |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090147/http://www.dacb.org/stories/nigeria/obadare-timothy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawancin takardun sun nuna cewa an haifi Obadare a shekara ta 1930.<ref name="dacb" /> Obadare ta yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta Apostolic Church a Ise-Ilesa amma ta fice saboda makanta da ta haifar da annobar kyanda.<ref name="dacb"/> == Bishara == An yi wa Obadare baftisma a cikin Ruhu Mai Tsarki a shekara ta 1949. <ref name="dacb"/> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bishara tare da Ikilisiyar Manzanni (TAC) daga 1953 zuwa 1957, bayan haka ya shiga [[Christ Apostolic Church|Ikilisiyar Manzanni ta Kristi]] bisa umarnin [[Joseph Ayo Babalola]] . <ref name="dacb" /> A shekara ta 1954, ya yi karatu a makarantar tauhidin cocin Apostolic . <ref name="dacb" /> Obadare ya kafa Ma'aikatar Bishara ta Duniya. Kafin mutuwarsa a watan Maris na shekara ta 2013, ya kasance Shugaban kungiyar Ministocin Interdenominational Association of Nigeria (IMA). <ref name="dacb"/> Obadare ya sami digiri na Doctor of Divinity na girmamawa daga Kwalejin Trinity na Ayyukan Ministoci <ref>{{Cite web |title=WOSEM members hold daily revival service at Obadare's residence |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/03/wosem-members-hold-daily-revival-service-at-obadares-residence/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820151600/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/03/wosem-members-hold-daily-revival-service-at-obadares-residence/ |archive-date=August 20, 2014 |access-date=14 March 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> da kuma digiri na Doctor na Ma'aikatar girmamawa daga Jami'ar St. John a [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]]. <ref name="dacb"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]] 2rplwzk6rs8hbv9a4l2ljkcymmg5omq 0 156645 890225 854561 2026-08-01T16:33:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Toni-Luisa Reinemann''' (an haife shi 31 Mayu 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon hannu ne na Jamusawa na VfL Oldenburg a cikin Frauen Handball-Bundesliga <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toni-Luisa Reinemann - Career & Statistics |url=https://www.eurohandball.com/en/player/sPOmqUnOF_aolzBYdKdaDA/toni-luisa-reinemann/ |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=eurohandball.com}}</ref> da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamus . {{Databox}} Reinemann ta wakilci ƙungiyar ƙwallon hannu ta mata ta ƙasar Jamus a rairayin bakin teku, inda ta halarci gasar cin kofin ƙwallon hannu ta Turai ta 2019, inda ta zo ta 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2019 |title=U18-Beach-EM: Top-Ausbeute im Sand von Ulcinj |url=https://www.hvw-online.org/aktuell/detail/news/u18-beach-em-top-ausbeute-im-sand-von-ulcinj-1 |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=handball-world.news |language=German}}</ref> A gasar, ta zama babbar 'yar wasan da ta fi zura kwallaye a ƙungiyar da maki 62. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reports - Cumulative Statistics |url=http://statistics.eurohandball.com/reports/?typ=cumulativeBeach&b=123184&t=556 |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=eurohandball.com}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Reinemann ta zama memba na ƙungiyar farko a VfL Oldenburg, saboda raunuka daban-daban da ta samu a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2019 |title=VfL-Frauen wehren sich nach Kräften |url=https://www.nwzonline.de/handball/oldenburg-niederlage-zum-start-der-handball-bundesliga-vfl-frauen-wehren-sich-nach-kraeften_a_50,5,3386841449.html# |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=nwonline.de |language=German}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2019, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararru da ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2019 |title=Reaktion auf Personalsorgen: VfL Oldenburg nimmt Nachwuchstalent unter Vertrag |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-2-1-38515.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=handball-world.news |language=German |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218000207/https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-2-1-38515.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2022, an zaɓe ta don lambar yabo ta Jamusanci ta Mata a cikin 'yan wasa 10, amma ba ta yi nasara ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2022 |title=German Handball Awards 2022: Diese 62 Nominierten stehen zur Wahl! |url=https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-1-148094.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |website=handball-world.news |language=German |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218000209/https://www.handball-world.news/o.red.r/news-1-1-1-148094.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta fara buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamus wasa a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Was die Oldenburgerin Toni Reinemann zu ihrem Nationalmannschafts-Debüt sagt |url=https://www.nwzonline.de/sport/oldenburger-handballerin-reinemann-feiert-debuet-in-nationalmannschaft_a_4,0,2774611549.html |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=nwzonline |language=de}}</ref> Gasarta ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta kasance a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2023, inda ta kare a matsayi na 6 tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=26th IHF Women’s World Championship: Germany |url=https://www.ihf.info/sites/default/files/competitions/29fa120a-f09a-4648-8ce7-963c3618fc5f/pdf/GERTOTAL.PDF?n=1702820272 |access-date=31 December 2023 |website=ihf.info |publisher=[[International Handball Federation]]}}</ref> == Nasarorin == * '''Kofin Jamus''' ** ''Wanda ya yi nasara:'' 2018 ** ''Na biyu:'' 2022 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] 5q9hfq13362nvoboz8yi4amosh1alg5 0 156677 890372 854652 2026-08-02T01:16:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''"Waƙar Zuwa Kogin Nilu"''' (ko kuma " '''Waƙar Zuwa Hapy''' ") waƙa ce da tsoffin mutanen Masar suka ƙirƙira kuma suka rera game da [[Ambaliyar kogin nilu|ambaliyar kogin Nilu]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=March 23, 2010 |title=Hymn to the Nile |url=https://arcjohn.wordpress.com/89-2/ |access-date=November 20, 2016 |website= |publisher=ARCJOHN}}</ref> Herodotus ya kira Masar "Kyauta ta [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] " saboda [[Tsohuwar Masar|tsohuwar wayewar Masar]] ta tsara al'adunta kuma ta dogara ne akan albarkatu daga kogin. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dowling |first=Mike |date= |title=Ancient Egypt: The Gift of the Nile |url=http://www.mrdowling.com/604egypt.html |access-date=November 20, 2016 |website= |publisher=July 11, 2016 |archive-date=November 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121104140/http://www.mrdowling.com/604egypt.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bincike == === Addini === Mutanen Masar na da sun yi imani cewa kogin Nilu allah ne. <ref name=":1"/> Waƙar ta bayyana musamman cewa "ana miƙa muku hadayu, ana miƙa muku mutane, ana shirya muku manyan bukukuwa. Ana yanka muku tsuntsaye, ana ɗaukar barewa a kan dutse, ana shirya muku harshen wuta mai tsabta." <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Halsall |first=Paul |date=May 1998 |title=Hymn To The Nile |url=http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/hymn-nile.asp |access-date=November 20, 2016 |website= |publisher=Fordham University}}</ref> === Noma === Tsoffin mutanen Masar sun dogara ne da kwaruruka masu albarka kusa da kogin don noma. Akwai maganganu da yawa a cikin waƙar da ke nuna godiyarsu ga Kogin Nilu wanda ke tallafawa ci gaban amfanin gona. Misali: "Ubangijin kifi, a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa, babu tsuntsu da ke sauka kan amfanin gona. Kai ne ka halicci hatsi, ka fitar da sha'ir, kana tabbatar da dorewar haikali." <ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == n33cs5ebj29fky2lds4es2cqe30p4qj 0 156765 890145 854832 2026-08-01T14:22:53Z BnHamid 12586 sanya databox using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 890145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox biography | name = Sihirin Azande | image = | image_caption = | ethnicity = [[Azande]] | region = [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]], [[Sudan ta Kudu]], [[Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] | type = Addinin gargajiya }} '''Sihirin Azande''' wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin imani da al'adun mutanen [[Azande]], wata ƙabila da ke zaune a yankunan [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]], [[Sudan ta Kudu]] da [[Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]]. A cikin al'adarsu, ana amfani da ra'ayoyin sihiri, tsafe-tsafe da hanyoyin neman hasashe wajen bayyana abubuwan da ke faruwa a rayuwar yau da kullum.<ref name="Evans1937">{{cite book|last=Evans-Pritchard|first=E. E.|title=Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande|year=1937|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Bayani == A cewar mutanen Azande, wasu mutane na iya mallakar wani ƙarfin sihiri da ake kira ''mangu''. Ana ganin cewa wannan ƙarfi na iya jawo rashin lafiya, rashin sa'a ko wasu matsaloli ga wasu mutane.<ref name="Evans1937" /> Azande suna bambanta tsakanin dalilan zahiri na wani abu da kuma dalilin da ya sa abin ya faru ga wani mutum a wani lokaci na musamman. Saboda haka, sihiri yana zama wata hanya ta bayyana dalilin faruwar abubuwa a cikin al'umma.<ref name="Middleton1963">{{cite book|title=Magic, Witchcraft and Curing|editor=John Middleton|year=1963|publisher=Natural History Press}}</ref> == Mangu == ''Mangu'' shi ne sunan ikon sihirin da Azande suka yi imani da shi. An yi imanin cewa ana gadon wannan iko daga iyaye zuwa 'ya'ya. A wasu lokuta, mutum na iya amfani da wannan iko ba tare da ya sani ba.<ref name="Evans1937" /> == Hanyoyin Hasashe == Domin gano ko sihiri ne ya haddasa wani lamari, Azande suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na hasashe: * '''Benge''' – amfani da guba ga kaji domin neman amsa. * '''Dakpa''' – amfani da ƙananan sanduna ko katako. * '''Iwa''' – amfani da tururuwa wajen neman hasashe. Waɗannan hanyoyi suna taimakawa wajen gano wanda ake zargi da sihiri ko kuma yanke shawara kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwa.<ref name="Evans1937" /> == Binciken Evans-Pritchard == Masanin ilimin ɗan Adam na Birtaniya, '''[[E. E. Evans-Pritchard]]''', ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a tsakanin Azande a shekarun 1920. Littafinsa mai suna ''Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande'' ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyuka a fannin ilimin ɗan Adam.<ref name="Evans1937" /> Binciken nasa ya nuna cewa tsarin tunanin Azande yana da ma'ana a cikin yanayin al'adunsu, kuma ba kawai camfi ba ne kamar yadda wasu masu bincike suka yi zato a baya.<ref name="Douglas1970">{{cite book|editor=Mary Douglas|title=Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations|year=1970|publisher=Tavistock Publications}}</ref> == Tasirin Zamantakewa == Imani da sihiri yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita zamantakewa da warware rikice-rikice a cikin al'ummar Azande. Haka kuma yana taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa bin ƙa'idojin al'umma da kuma fahimtar abubuwan da ba su da sauƙin bayani.<ref name="Douglas1970" /> == Duba kuma == * [[Azande]] * [[E. E. Evans-Pritchard]] * [[Sihiri]] * [[Bokanci]] * [[Addinin gargajiya na Afirka]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1937). ''Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande''. * Douglas, Mary (1970). ''Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations''. * Middleton, John (1963). ''Magic, Witchcraft and Curing''. [[Rukuni:Azande]] [[Rukuni:Sihiri]] [[Rukuni:Addinan gargajiya na Afirka]] [[Rukuni:Al'adun Afirka]] [[Rukuni:Anthropology]] [[Rukuni:Sudan ta Kudu]] [[Rukuni:Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] [[Rukuni:Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] qfl5ttsha6885gahceedg5jsqly9vol 0 156784 890386 854957 2026-08-02T03:00:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A cikin 2017 wani fari ya lalata [[Somaliya]] wanda ya bar fiye da mutane miliyan 6, ko rabin yawan mutanen ƙasar, suna fuskantar karancin abinci tare da samar da ruwa da yawa da ba za a iya sha ba saboda yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta.<ref name="aljazeera1">{{Cite web |title=Drought in Somalia: Time is Running Out |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2017/02/drought-somalia-time-running-170213111737077.html |access-date=26 February 2017 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> A cewar Sashin Bayanai na Jama'a na Gwamnatin Amurka, sama da mutane miliyan 2.9 a Somaliya suna fuskantar rikici ko [[Tsaron abinci|Rashin tsaro na abinci]] na gaggawa kuma suna buƙatar taimakon abinci na gaggauta, sakamakon ruwan sama na kasa da matsakaici a yankuna da [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]] a cikin 2016 wanda ya rage samar da amfanin gona kuma ya cutar da dabbobi. Somaliya a halin yanzu tana fuskantar amfanin gona na bakwai a jere kuma kwanciyar hankali na abinci babban matsala ne. A cikin lokacin ruwan sama na Afrilu-Yuni kadan ko babu ruwan sama da ya faru a yawancin Somaliya a watan Afrilu, amma ruwan sama ya fara kuma an yi hasashen a watan Mayu. Rashin [[ruwan sha]] ya hanzarta barkewar cutar ta [[Amai da Gudawa|kwalara]] mai tsanani tare da kimanin mutane 32,000 da aka ruwaito tun farkon shekara. An yi hasashen yara miliyan 1.4 za su buƙaci magani don [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki]] a cikin 2017, a cewar Asusun Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ([[UNICEF]]). FEWS NET na sa ran mutane miliyan 2.9 za su kasance cikin rikici da matakan gaggawa na rashin tsaro na abinci har zuwa akalla Yuni 2017. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, mutane miliyan 1.75 sun sami taimakon abinci na kasa da kasa, a cewar Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Gudanar da Harkokin Jama'a (OCHA). Kimanin IDP miliyan 1.1 a halin yanzu suna zaune a Somaliya, kuma akalla ƙarin mutane 548,000 sun yi hijira tun Nuwamba 2016 saboda fari. Yawancin mutanen da fari suka yi hijira sun bar yankunan karkara na Bay, Lower Shabelle, da Sool kuma sun zauna a birane kamar [[Mogadishu]] da Baidoa. Adadin ƙaura yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa yayin da mutane da yawa ke barin gidajensu kuma saka idanu kan ƙaura yana ƙaruwa. IOM da sauran hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kiyasta cewa yawan IDPs, wata kungiya mai matukar rauni a Somalia, za ta tashi zuwa miliyan 3 a watan Yuni idan ruwan sama na Afrilu-Yuni ya kasance ƙasa da matsakaici ko ya kasa gaba ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, tun daga watan Janairun 2016, kimanin tsoffin 'yan gudun hijirar Somaliya 56,000 sun dawo daga sansanin 'yan gudun gudun hijira na Dadaab na Kenya zuwa Somaliya ta hanyar shirin dawo da son rai na UNHCR kuma sun zauna a Gedo, Bay, Lower Jubba, da Banaadir. == Dalilan da suka haifar == Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da fari da tasirinsa an ce rashin kwanciyar hankali ne, rikici da [[Canjin yanayi]] tare da [[Matsanancin yanayi|Yanayin yanayi mai tsanani]] wanda zai iya taka rawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Is A Worsening Humanitarian Crisis That Shows No Signs Of Slowing |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mike-adamson/hunger-crisis-africa_b_14988122.html |access-date=26 February 2017 |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Famine fears rise as Somalia suffers worst drought in decades |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ce4d61f2-ef67-11e6-930f-061b01e23655 |access-date=26 February 2017 |publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Niño]] na iya zama dalilin fari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hungerkrise in Somalia: Millionen Menschen brauchen Hilfe |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/somalia-hungerkrise-101.html |access-date=26 February 2017 |publisher=Tagesschau |language=de-DE}}</ref> == Yanayin jin kai == A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Firayim Ministan Somalia [[Hassan Ali Khayre|Hassan Ali Khaire]] ya ba da sanarwar cewa akalla mutane 110 sun mutu saboda yunwa da zawo a Yankin Bay kadai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2017 |title=Hassan Ali Khaire: Hunger, disease kill 110 in two days |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/hassan-ali-khaire-famine-kills-110-days-170304183606392.html |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Wakilin FAO na Somaliya, ya lura cewa halin da ake ciki a yankunan karkara da yawa, musamman Bay, Puntland yana fara kama da "mai wahala kamar yadda ya faru da yunwa a cikin 2010-2011".<ref name="un1">{{Cite web |title=Urgent scale-up in funding needed to stave off famine in Somalia, UN warns |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56094 |access-date=26 February 2017}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Shige da Fice ta kuma yi gargadin cewa idan "ba a dauki mataki nan da nan ba, alamun gargadi na farko suna nuna karuwar rikicin jin kai a Somaliya na yiwuwar bala'i".<ref name="cnn1">{{Cite web |last=McKenzie |first=David |last2=Swails |first2=Brent |date=7 March 2017 |title=Somalia: 'People are dying..there's no water' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/07/africa/somalia-famine-united-nations/index.html |access-date=8 March 2017 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Hassan Saadi Noor, Darakta na Ajiyar Ƙasar Yara a Somaliya ya ce:<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2017 |title=Somalia reaching a 'tipping point' as signs of malnutrition among children worsen |url=https://www.savethechildren.net/article/somalia-reaching-tipping-point-signs-malnutrition-among-children-worsen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309072416/https://www.savethechildren.net/article/somalia-reaching-tipping-point-signs-malnutrition-among-children-worsen |archive-date=9 March 2017 |access-date=8 March 2017 |website=Save the Children International |language=en}}</ref> Baya ga fari da yunwa, cututtuka, kamar [[Amai da Gudawa|kwalara]] da kyanda sun bazu.<ref name="cnn1"/> Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, an riga an tabbatar da fiye da mutane 8,400 na kwalara tun watan Janairu, wanda ya yi ikirarin rayuka 200.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2017 |title=Aid agency warns of surge in cholera cases in Somalia |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/11/c_136119454.htm |publisher=Xinhua |quote=More than 8,400 cases of the diseases have already been confirmed in 2017, 200 of which have been fatal}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, akalla mutane 26 sun mutu daga yunwa a yankin Jubaland mai cin gashin kansa na kudancin Somaliya, a cewar kafofin watsa labarai na jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2017 |title=Hunger kills dozens in Southern Somalia amid Drought |url=http://www.shabellenews.com/2017/03/hunger-kills-dozens-in-southern-somalia-amid-drought/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324052609/http://www.shabellenews.com/2017/03/hunger-kills-dozens-in-southern-somalia-amid-drought/ |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=21 March 2017 |publisher=Shabelle News}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2017, ruwan sha mara tsabta ya haifar da fiye da 71,000 na kwalara ko gagarumin zawo a cikin 2017, wanda ya haifar da kusan mutuwar 1,100.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2017 |title=Hundreds of Thousands of Somalis Displaced by Drought, Conflict |url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/hundreds-of-thousands-of-somalis-displaced-by-drought-conflict/3961865.html |publisher=Voice of America}}</ref> == Kira don amsawa == === Amsa nan take === A ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2017 wani babban jami'in agaji na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a Somaliya ya yi gargadi game da yunwa a wasu daga cikin yankunan da fari ya shafa ba tare da karuwar taimakon agaji na gaggawa ba a cikin makonni masu zuwa.<ref name="aljazeera1" /><ref name="un1" /> Ya kuma bayyana cewa watsi da irin wannan martani nan da nan "zai kashe rayuka, ci gaba da lalata hanyoyin rayuwa, kuma zai iya lalata bin mahimman ayyukan gina Jiha da Gina zaman lafiya".<ref name="un1" /> A ranar 8 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2017 Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [[António Guterres]] ya bukaci a kara tallafi na kasa da kasa don hana yunwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2017 |title="The world must act now to stop this," UN chief Guterres says on visit to drought-hit Somalia |url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/world-must-act-now-stop-un-chief-guterres-says-visit-drought-hit-somalia |access-date=8 March 2017 |publisher=UNSOM |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309070904/https://unsom.unmissions.org/world-must-act-now-stop-un-chief-guterres-says-visit-drought-hit-somalia |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * fari na Gabashin Afirka na 2011 * 2017 Yunwa ta Kudu Sudan * [[Farin Kahon Afirka (2020-2023)|Yaduwar Afirka (2020-yanzu)]] * Yaduwar Somaliya (2021-yanzu) * [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]] * [[Tsaro na ruwa]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8vbtm9jhz60kf6ab5dm1cry5uyojm4m 0 156828 890196 855158 2026-08-01T14:50:36Z BnHamid 12586 890196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bakin tekun Okpoama''' bakin teku ne da ke karamar hukumar Brass a jihar Bayelsa, a Najeriya.<ref>Salami, Jide (2022-01-27). "Suspected robber kills Okada rider and steals new motorcycle". NewsNow Nigeria. Retrieved 2024-02-18.</ref> Yawancin lokaci ana la'akari da bakin teku a matsayin wurin shakatawa na mutane a ciki da wajen jihar Bayelsa kuma ya mamaye fili mai nisan kilomita 23.<ref>"Community for Bayelsa butcher big whale wey land beach". BBC News Pidgin. Retrieved 2024-02-18.</ref><ref>TOUR, i360 VIRTUAL. "Okpoama Beach/oloibiri well | NCAC | Virtual Tour Created by i360Limited.com". ncac.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 2024-02-18. Retrieved 2024-02-18.</ref> == Bikin Tekun Okpoama == Kowace shekara, ana shirya bikin rairayin bakin teku na Okpoama a bakin tekun Okpoama kuma yawanci yana jan hankalin mahalarta daga ciki da wajen jihar.<ref>Mayor, Yentown (2021-12-30). "Bayelsa Based Entertainers got 1.2 million naira at Okpoama Beach Festival (OBF)". Naija Live Tv. Retrieved 2024-02-18.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jfb5b9a2fddolyulh59ena9dbvycwfw 0 157213 890174 856361 2026-08-01T14:39:04Z BnHamid 12586 890174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:ZM-Chavuma.png|alt=Location of Chavuma in Zambia|right|225x225px|Wurin Chavuma a Zambia]] '''Chavuma''' wani gari ne a [[Zambia]]" id="mwHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="North-Western Province, Zambia">Lardin Arewa maso Yamma Zambia, yana kwance a kudancin iyakar da [[Angola|Angolan]]" id="mwHg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Angola">Angola . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chavuma: A fast developing district – Zambia Daily Mail |url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/chavuma-fast-developing-district/ |access-date=2022-10-15 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-30 |title=Node: Chavuma (1239523016) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/1239523016 |access-date=2026-01-20 |website=OpenStreetMap |language=en}}</ref> Garin yana da kusan kilomita 1,100 daga [[Lusaka]] (babban birnin Zambia) da kilomita 11 daga garin [[Kalipande]] na iyakar Angola. Yana kwance a kan [[Kogin Zambezi]] . Abubuwan jan hankali na cikin gida sun haɗa da [[Chavuma Falls]], yayin da [[Kasuwa (wuri)|kasuwa]] ke faruwa a kan iyaka, yana ba da izinin mutane daga ƙasashe biyu su yi Kasuwanci. == Takaitaccen Tarihi == Chavuma yana da yawan jama'a kasa da 35,000 galibi daga Lunda a gabas, tare da mutanen Luvale a yamma, a tsakiya saboda motsi na mutane daga yamma zuwa gabas, CBD na Lundas da Luvales ne, wadanda galibi manoma ne da masunta. Yankin Chavuma yana da al'adu masu arziki, tare da tarihin mutanen Lunda wanda ya samo asali ne daga 1837 mulkin karshe na Cif Ikalawanda Musheta Mpindi tare da fadarsa a Manzeki. Shugabannin Lunda sun mallaki gabashin Chavuma har zuwa 1950 lokacin da Lu Lu Luand Nkondi Lyonivwa ya gaje Cif Chisamba Willie Musheta. Ya kasance a lokacin mulkin Luweji Nkondi Lyonivwa cewa zanga-zangar ta tashi daga mafi rinjaye na Luvale, cewa a cikin 1962 Mwanti Yamva ya shiga tsakani kuma ya tuno da Luweji don dawo da zaman lafiya kuma ƙasar ta kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Babban Cif Ishindi. Gundumar Chavuma a yau yanki ne mai faɗi wanda ya rufe babban ƙasa da kogin Zambezi ya raba. An yi alama da kogin Zambezi a matsayin iyakar gargajiya tsakanin manyan kabilun biyu; luvale da Lunda. Ma'aikatar Luvale Royal tana da alamomi, waƙoƙi da manyan gidaje a yammacin kogin Zambezi, da ƙasa mai wadata da kifi, sukari da ƙasa mai kyau don noma shinkafa. A gefe guda ƙungiyar kabilun Lunda Royal tana da Alamarta, waƙoƙin da manyan gidajen sarauta a gabashin kogin. Duk da wadannan iyakoki mutanen wadannan manyan kungiyoyi biyu suna zaune tare a kowane yanki ba tare da tsoma baki a cikin ikon sauran iyakokin siyasa na gargajiya ba. Ƙasar tana da al'adun gargajiya da al'adu na Lunda da mutanen Luvale wanda ya haɗa da masu rawa na [[Makishi]], Mwali, da chilende na Luvale a yammacin gundumar Chavuma. Tare da zaman lafiya a Angola akwai cinikayya mai yawa a kan iyaka. Chavuma kuma tana da makarantar mishan ta Amurka da asibiti (Kirista Mission in Many Lands) wanda aka gina a cikin 1900s. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} slx8cju1mc7sgso7qghbv3fm2mofs5r 0 157376 890265 887977 2026-08-01T19:58:20Z Tettelin Bart 46308 890265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Görel Kristina Hanser''' (née '''Johnsen'''; 21 Yuni 1949 - 12 Yuni 2026) ta kasance manajan kiɗa da mai zane-zane na Sweden. Ta kasance sananniya saboda kasancewa manajan ƙungiyar pop ta Sweden ABBA da membobinta. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Polar Music kuma ta kasance sakatariyar Stig Anderson . == Tarihi == An haifi Johnsen a ranar 21 ga Yuni 1949 a Skultorp, kusa da Skövde a [[Sweden]] . A shekara ta 1980, ta auri ɗan jarida kuma mai ɗaukar hoto Anders Hanser, wanda ta sadu da shi yayin da yake rufe ABBA don jerin rediyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anders Hanser |url=https://abbasite.com/people/anders-hanser/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |website=Abbasite.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Palm |first=Carl Magnus |date=2010-03-29 |title=From ABBA To Mamma Mia! |url=https://www.carlmagnuspalm.com/abba/books/from-abba-to-mamma-mia |archive-date= |website=carlmagnuspalm.com}}</ref> Johnsen ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2026, yana da shekaru 76. Membobin kungiyar ABBA Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson da Anni-Frid Lyngstad ne suka sanar da mutuwarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Görel Hanser |url=https://abbasite.com/people/gorel-hanser/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |website=Abbasite.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Johnsen ya fara aiki a ofisoshin kamfanin wallafe-wallafen Stig Anderson Sweden Music da kamfanin rikodin Polar Music a watan Satumbar 1969. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2026-09-13 |title=ABBA in mourning - Görel Hanser dead |journal=Sweden Harald}}</ref> Bayan wani lokaci ta zama sakatariyar Anderson. Bayan 'yan shekaru a cikin shekarun 1970 ta zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin kungiyar kuma ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban Polar Music . A cikin shekarun ABBA, ta kula da lambobin sadarwa tare da lakabi da yawa a duniya waɗanda suka saki rikodin ƙungiyar. Ta kuma zama manajan ABBA, tana hulɗa da manema labarai kuma tana tare da su a kan yawon shakatawa da tafiye-tafiye na gabatarwa. A cikin tsari, ta zama abokiyar sirri na kowane memba. A shekara ta 1979, ABBA ta rubuta kuma ta rubuta "Sång Till Görel" tare da Stig "Stikkan" Anderson kuma an ba da kyauta ga Görel a ranar haihuwarta ta 30. An buga rikodin 12" a cikin vinyl mai launin shudi a cikin kwafin 50 kawai (ko da yake wasu kafofin sun ce zai iya zama har zuwa 150) kuma an ba da shi ga Görel da abokai. An haramta waƙar da za a buga a rediyo. Waƙar, da aka rera a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden, tana da ban dariya game da yadda kowa ke buƙatar Görel a ofishin. Taken ba shi da kyau; "Ina Görel yake, in ce, ina bukatar taimakon ta". Rubuce-rubucen yana daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi nema bayan bayanan ABBA - yana samun dubban daloli a gwanjo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBA & Stikkan* – Sång Till Görel |url=https://www.discogs.com/master/592226-ABBA-Stikkan-S%C3%A5ng-Till-G%C3%B6rel |access-date=2026-06-13 |website=Discogs.com}}</ref> Bayan rabuwar ABBA, Johnsen ya ci gaba da aiki ga Sweden Music da Polar na 'yan shekaru. A shekara ta 1987, ta fara kamfaninta na Waka da aikin zane-zane Görel Hanser . Ita da ma'aikatanta galibi sun shagala da kula da cikakkun bayanai game da aikin Benny Andersson, gami da Andersson / Ulvaeus musicals. Ta kuma kula da al'amuran da suka shafi kasuwancin ABBA a madadin Björn Ulvaeus da Andersson. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, ta wakilci ABBA a bikin cika shekaru 25 na Official International ABBA Fan Club a Roosendaal, Netherlands. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Görel Hanser |url=https://www.abbafanclub.nl/about_us/gorel_interview.php |access-date=2026-06-13 |website=Abbafanclub.nl}}</ref> A cikin 2018, an ba Johnsen Grammis . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] s4lcam8vc1xd0q97xkdeuu0sv0f9a8j 0 157962 890228 881311 2026-08-01T16:57:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Trekonomics: Tattalin Arziki na ''Star Trek''''''' littafi ne na 2016 na masanin tattalin arziki na Faransa [[Manu Saadia]] . Littafin yana magana ne game da batun karancin tattalin arziki ta hanyar kallon shi a baya. Marubucin ya bayyana sararin samaniya na ''Star Trek'' na ƙarni na 24 wanda ƙarancin bai wanzu kwata-kwata ba. Littafin ya binciki zamanin da ya rage da kuma yadda al'ummarmu za su buƙaci canzawa don daidaita kansu da irin wannan yanayi. Yana kallon tsammanin game da sarrafa kansa da [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]] kuma yana ɗaukar masu karatu ta hanyar tafiya ta fiction, duniyar da ba ta da kuɗi na ''Star Trek''. Har ila yau, yana kallon ƙalubalen ga tattalin arzikin Star Trek. Saadia concludes that "Post-scarcity is not so much a matter of material wealth or natural bounty, but an organizational option for society".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Duclos |first=Philip M. |date=2017 |title=Three Cheers for Trekonomics: The Future of Copyright Doctrine according to Star Athletica and Star Trek. |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/cjlpp27&id=244&men_tab=srchresults |journal=Cornell JL & Public Policy |volume=27 |pages=207–235}}</ref> In 2017 the ''Trekonomics'' audiobook was a finalist for an Audie Award in the "Business/Personal Development" category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 Audie Awards® – APA |url=https://www.audiopub.org/winners/2017-audies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401105316/https://www.audiopub.org/winners/2017-audies |archive-date=2019-04-01 |access-date=2019-11-29 |website=www.audiopub.org}}</ref> Throughout human history, most people in the world had and still have to deal with scarcity of resources. Yet new technologies promising reduction or even elimination of scarcity are on the horizon. We must think about how to deal with this technological change. In the future of post-scarcity, we will not have to worry about money. We may not need to work to earn resources, which will be abundant, so we can escape from the fear of scarcity. Instead of that, we will work to get reputation and ''Star Trek'' is the most famous example of the post-scarcity society. Saadia analysed the economics of ''Star Trek'', based on various comments and observations related to this aspect as seen in various episodes of the show. He asks the readers "What would the world look like if everyone had everything they wanted or needed?"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ouellette |first=Jennifer |date=June 2, 2016 |title=Economics of Star Trek |url=https://gizmodo.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-the-economics-of-star-trek-1780009476 |website=Gizmodo}}</ref> The author argues that while a warp drive may not be possible, post-scarcity economy is much more realistic.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=North |first=Anna |date=July 10, 2015 |title=A 'Star Trek' Future Might Be Closer Than We Think |url=https://takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/10/a-star-trek-future-might-be-closer-than-we-think/ |access-date=December 20, 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Structure == The first chapter focuses on ''Star Trek''<nowiki/>'s universe (primarily, the United Federation of Planets, or Federation for short) and the absence of currency in it. In a society where the economic problems have been overcome, money is meaningless. It explains how that nation functions without the pricing mechanism and the results of eliminating money as both a unit of account and as an information signal. The status of human labor in the ''Star Trek'' universe is the topic of the second chapter. The ''Star Trek'' universe is a utopia because people do not have to work, but yet the ones we see on the show are all paradoxically very busy. The motivations of people who chose to work are analyzed. The third chapter talks about the replicator, the machine that makes ''Star Trek''<nowiki/>'s post-scarcity possible. Post-scarcity's meaning is the infinite social wealth. The replicator is as a metaphor for automation, and an endpoint of the industrial revolution. Crucially, in the ''Star Trek''<nowiki/>'s society it and its products are public good. The fourth chapter focuses on natural limits of growth. In particular, it deals with the issue of whether resources are indeed limited, and how can different societies coexist if some view resources as limited and others, like the Federation, much less so. It also tackles examples to examine that ''Star Trek''<nowiki/>'s universe follows the economic theory. The fifth chapter is focused on negative externalities, such as whether different alien species (and their governments) can manage common resources. This chapter analyses the ''Star Trek''-themed prisoner's dilemma game, and discusses whether rational and well-governed societies, like the idealistic and utopian Federation, can react appropriately when faced with an uncooperative foreign power. This chapter considers the theories of Elinor Ostrom who discusses methods of solving similar scenarios by using mutually beneficial collective action. A simple history of ''Star Trek'' and Trekonomics is introduced in the sixth chapter. The seventh chapter explains human behavior and nature. Some ''Star Trek'' characters, such as Spock and Captain Picard, are completely different from 21st-century humans. They live free from economic necessity, so they devote their lives to science and justice. The chapter highlights how economic behaviours and psychology change under the post-scarcity. The eighth chapter deals with the Ferengi, an economically powerful alien species in the ''Star Trek'' universe, with an economy based on trade and capitalism. They are profit seekers, and all profit seekers can change. ''Deep Space 9'', the third show, tells about how the Ferengi abandon their old ways and evolve into Keynesian social democrats. The final chapter reveals how the ''Star Trek'' society already exists in some local and unevenly distributed forms. The expanding world prosperity, combined with the spread of public goods on a global scale, and the rise of "free" goods and services makes society approach ever closer to Trekonomics, the challenge being mainly distributional rather than technological.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeLong |first=Brad |date=June 17, 2016 |title=Weekend Reading: Manu Saadia: Introduction: Trekonomics |url=https://www.bradford-delong.com/2016/06/weekend-reading-manu-saadia-introduction-trekonomics.html |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality |archive-date=2019-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206085841/https://www.bradford-delong.com/2016/06/weekend-reading-manu-saadia-introduction-trekonomics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Factions == * The Federation: Humans are one of the main races in this political entity. Future humans, however, are completely different from the 20th century humans when it comes to a conventional way of living. The post-scarcity age has influenced them in a way where in some of their motivations they are nothing like us. Being untroubled by belongings makes them have no interest in conspicuous consumption. They are most likely interested in things of a much higher nature such as the cultivation of the mind, education, love, art and, of course, discovery.<ref name="wired" /> * The Ferengi: These are imaginary extraterrestrial species that still charges money for the use of certain products, including replicators. They are a parody of the 1990s or 2000s American acquisitive businessman. The Ferengi are viewed as the lowest of the societies, primitive barbarians of the future, and seen as sad but funny at the same time. The Ferengi do change over time, due to contact with the Federation, and eventually we witness their transformation into Keynesian social democrats. Saadia thinks that the Ferengi becoming more humanitarian is a metaphor for us becoming better by watching ''Star Trek''.<ref name="wired" /> * The Borg: This is one of the most powerful extraterrestrial species. The Borg are one of the most efficient species in the ''Star Trek'' series and look a lot like the Federation. They have perfect allocation of goods, a perfect assignment to supply and demand. This is another society of the ''Star Trek'' universe that could be viewed as living in a post-scarcity economy. Every Borg drone has no needs or wants for anything; everything is provided by the collective of beings. Saaida thinks the Borg are a mirror image to what such a society could look like, but in a darker, dystopian form, and thinks the Borg society is a result of writers of ''Star Trek'' trying to incorporate criticism of the otherwise utopian society they present. == Scientific analysis == Trekonomics, researched at the UC Riverside library, is largely a thought exercise in classic liberal political philosophy (e.g., doux commerce). Absent is a discussion of [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|psychological science]] (e.g., social psychology). Of specific concern for scientists is social identity theory. Social identity theory explains how the psychological process of categorizing people and things biases human decision-making. Humans evaluate members of their own in-groups more favorably compared with out-group members. A ''Science Advances'' article validates a computational model of political economy developed by Princeton [[Kimiyyar siyasa|political scientist]] Nolan McCarty to illustrate this point.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stewart |first=Alexander J. |last2=McCarty |first2=Nolan |last3=Bryson |first3=Joanna J. |date=2020-12-11 |title=Polarization under rising inequality and economic decline |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=6 |issue=50 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abd4201 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=7732181 |pmid=33310855}}</ref> In the ''Science Advances'' article, the interdisciplinary team finds that when economic actors are allowed to take on meaningful social identities, these agents adopt a risk-averse, in-group favoring strategy consistent with social identity theory in psychology under conditions of economic decline or rising inequality. This is important because it leads to affective political polarization as a natural consequence of human cognition and [[Jari-hujja|capitalist]] organization. Political polarization is when people and groups (e.g., Democrats and [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republicans]]) move apart emotionally or ideologically. Trekonomics mainly focuses on the cultivation of human capital as a motivation for redistribution of productive resources. However, little attention is given to how the utopian Federation might address the evolutionary psychology of social identity theory and its consequences for economic and political behavior. This is important because in-group favoritism (e.g., home country bias<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Country Bias |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/home-country-bias.asp |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref>) is incompatible with the assumption of orthodox macroeconomics that humans are rational maximizers of individual utility. Trekonomics makes a passing reference to basic income as a potential tool to maximize human capital. This is important because recent research in management has called for renewed attention to the political and economic theory of universal basic income, specifically, both as a response to [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID]] and as an imperative for racial justice described by [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King, Jr.]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barney |first=Jay |last2=Rangan |first2=Subi |date=2019-01-01 |title=Editors' Comments: Why Do We Need a Special Issue on New Theoretical Perspectives on Market-Based Economic Systems? |url=https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amr.2018.0425 |journal=Academy of Management Review |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.5465/amr.2018.0425 |issn=0363-7425 |s2cid=169275064 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An emerging area of interdisciplinary research is the political psychology and economy of optimum currency areas. Optimum currency area theory describes the conditions necessary for a region to benefit maximally from adoption of a common currency, as the European states have with the euro. One determinant of currency area performance is political solidarity, or the attachment of peoples to the states issuing a currency. Universal basic income may facilitate secure attachment of persons to states, increasing solidarity and decreasing polarization. As money is canonically obsolete in the Federation, greater scientific attention must be given to the trekonomics of how currency areas might transition to a moneyless mode of operation. This may require consideration of basic income by scholars as a monetary policy, rather than a fiscal policy. As an institutional innovation, basic income may solve collective action problems caused by social identity (e.g., [[Wariyar launin fata|racism]], [[Wariyar Jinsi|sexism]], or nepotism) in a manner consistent with classic liberalism. == Critical reception == Johann K. Jaeckel writes that Trekonomics presents an unconventional contribution to the long-standing concern in economic thought regarding the impact of continuous automation on the role of human labor in social reproduction.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jaeckel |first=Johann K. |date=2018-01-02 |title=Trekonomics: The Economics of Star Trek |journal=Review of Political Economy |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=101–105 |doi=10.1080/09538259.2018.1450187 |issn=0953-8259 |s2cid=158610256}}</ref> Philip M. Duclos notes that the book discusses the utopian Star Trek universe, based on Gene Roddenberry's belief that "humans are indeed altruistic and can work together to improve the quality of life".<ref name=":1"/> A ''[[New York Times]]'' review stated that Trekonomics can help us understand what it would take to create such a world as in ''Star Trek'' where technological advances would allow the whole society to lead more comfortable and meaningful lives, rather than the inequality that exists now which enriches only a few lucky people.<ref name=":0"/> A ''Washington Post'' review notes that the book goes deep into the better understanding of our economy and society without scarcity. Through that we can better understand how the society works under scarcity. Trekonomics has inspired a fan-led [[Starfleet Party]] centered on advocacy of universal basic income as a path to the goal of the utopian future of Star Trek.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Fansite |url=https://www.starfleetparty.org/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=www.starfleetparty.org |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522204940/https://www.starfleetparty.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An in-universe explanation for the Starfleet Party is that it is a predestination paradox. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bfcaj5j1h5kccm0vr4lnu9aw734xjt9 0 158005 890123 881194 2026-08-01T12:43:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Sindila''', wacce kuma ita ce '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Sindila''', tana aiki da karfin {{Convert|5.25|MW}}tashar samar da wutar lantarki a yankin Yammacin [[Uganda]] . <ref name="One">{{Cite web |last=OPIC |date=2017 |title=Sindila Mini-Hydropower Station: Initial Project Summary |url=https://www3.opic.gov/Environment/EIA/Sindila/Initial_Project_Summary_KMRI_Sindila_SHPP_final.pdf |access-date=22 December 2017 |publisher=[[Overseas Private Investment Corporation]] (OPIC) |archive-date=5 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005005241/https://www3.opic.gov/Environment/EIA/Sindila/Initial_Project_Summary_KMRI_Sindila_SHPP_final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarki tana a fadin ''Kogin Sindila'', kusa da wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Rwenzori, a gundumar Bundibugyo, a yankin Yammacin Uganda. Wannan yana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|20|km|0}}, ta hanya, kudu maso yammacin garin Bundibugyo, cibiyar birni mafi kusa da kuma wurin da hedikwatar gundumar take. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Globefeed.com |date=22 December 2017 |title=Distance between Bundibugyo, Western Region, Uganda and Kakuka, Western Region, Uganda |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Bundibugyo%2C%20Western%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Kakuka%2C%20Western%20Region%2C%20Uganda&dt1=ChIJeYUekghkYRcRdGX-v0A2tJw&dt2=ChIJufOJmfl5YRcRGqbds3IqJps |access-date=22 December 2017 |publisher=Glbefeed.com}}</ref> Wannan wuri yana kusa da {{Convert|6.4|MW|0}} Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ndugutu, wacce mai haɓaka wannan kamfanin ke da ita. <ref name="One"/> == Bayani == Sindila HEPS wani ƙaramin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa da ke gudana a kogi wanda aka tsara matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka sanya shine 5.9MW. <ref name="Two">{{Cite web |last=GetFit Uganda |title=GetFit Uganda: 2016 Annual Report: Sindila Hydroelectric Power Station |url=http://www.getfit-reports.com/2016/projects/sindila/ |publisher=GeFit Uganda Reports |access-date=2026-06-16 |archive-date=2017-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223042843/http://www.getfit-reports.com/2016/projects/sindila/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanin haɗin gwiwar masu zuba jari ne ke mallakar aikin kamar yadda aka nuna a teburin mallakar da ke ƙasa. Ƙungiyar da ke da kuma ke haɓaka Tashar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Sindila, ita ma tana da Tashar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Ndugutu da ke kusa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Metier South Africa |date=2016 |title=Sindila Micro-Hydro |url=http://www.metier.co.za/sindila-micro-hydro |access-date=23 December 2017 |publisher=Metier Private Equity (Pty) Ltd }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Mallaka == Motar kamfanin na musamman da aka sani da ''Sindila Power Company Uganda Limited'', mallakar kamfanoni ne masu zuwa: <ref name="Data">{{Cite web |last=AVCA |date=21 February 2017 |title=Uganda's Sindila hydropower project, led by Metier, commences construction |url=https://www.avca-africa.org/newsroom/member-news/2017/uganda-s-sindila-hydropower-project-starts-construction/ |access-date=23 December 2017 |publisher=African Private Equity and Venture Capital Association (AVCA) |archive-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906055743/http://www.avca-africa.org/newsroom/member-news/2017/uganda-s-sindila-hydropower-project-starts-construction |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsarin lokaci == Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Sindila ta sami amincewar tallafin GetFit a watan Oktoban 2014. An cimma yarjejeniyar rufe harkokin kuɗi a ranar 30 ga Janairun 2017. <ref name="Data"/> An fara ginin a watan Fabrairun 2017 kuma an kammala shi a watan Oktoban 2019. <ref name="Two"/> <ref name="Data" /> == Tallafin Kuɗi == Ana sa ran ginin zai ci dala miliyan 17, tare da tallafin GetFit na dala miliyan 3.3. Kudaden da za a kashe don ƙarfafa layin kwashe wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfin 33kV, wanda ya kai {{Convert|87|km|0}} an haɗa shi cikin kunshin GetFit. Za a kwashe wutar lantarki da aka samar, tare da wanda aka samu daga Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ndugutu da ke kusa, zuwa Fort Portal sannan a sayar da ita ga Kamfanin Transmission Electricity na Uganda, a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar sayar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa na shekaru ashirin. <ref name="Two" /> <ref name="Data" /> == Duba kuma == * Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Buranga * Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Uganda == Manazarta == m5vhttp2ffn1gdtzvrasqsbnrxh2rgn 0 158030 890384 858821 2026-08-02T02:50:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ya tafi Wannan Hanyar fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 2023 wanda Jeffrey Darling ya jagoranta a karon farko na darakta, kuma ya hada da Jacob Elordi da Zachary Quinto . Fim din ya dogara ne akan ainihin abubuwan da suka faru na mai kisan gilla Larry Ranes ya sadu da mai horar da dabbobi Dave Pitts . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Ice-skating animal trainer's harrowing ride across America with a serial killer — and a chimp — is now a movie |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/movies-and-tv/2023/12/29/23992517/spanky-chimpanzee-serial-killer-ice-capades-dave-pitts-jonathan-larry-ranes-chicago |website=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref> ''He Went That Way'' had its world premiere at the Tribeca Festival on June 9, 2023. The film was released by Vertical Entertainment in the United States on January 5, 2024. == Premise == 1964. The US is in political turmoil due to the war and serial killers are on the road. Jim Goodwin, an animal trainer accompanied by his famous pet chimpanzee, Spanky, picks up a hitchhiker named Bobby Falls at a gas station en route to [[Chicago]]. The two get to meet each other. Bobby reveals he was discharged from the Air Force and gets introduced to the chimp. They stop at a motel in Albuquerque and, while Jim pays for a room to spend the night, Bobby steals a handgun from a parked car and points it at Jim, revealing he is a serial killer. The latter, by knowing information about him and actually being nice to him, gets spared. Although Bobby threatens to kill Spanky if he tells anything to the cops. Through flashbacks of his past killings, it's shown that Bobby had an abusive father and is triggered when he feels disrespected. The next day they stop at Amarillo, where Jim meets his brother-in-law Saul, who owes him money, and confesses both him and Spanky are having a hard time getting job offers. Saul laughs him off and humiliates him in front of Bobby, enraged, he locks Jim in Spanky's cage and shoots Saul before driving away. Since Jim broke an earlier promise of keeping things low cover, Bobby takes charge of the ride and makes Jim swear he won't lie again. Later that day, they change clothes to go to a Ballroom Dancing in [[Tulsa]]. Bobby seems nervous at the thought of speaking to girls, so Jim gives him confidence by bringing Spanky with them. Since the girls have a weird feeling about Bobby, Jim calms them down by claiming he's just an actor. Jim talks to Bobby about controlling his impulses and being gentle, but Bobby takes him to the edge to win his trust by making him watch kiss the girls without consent, stealing from a shop and feeding Spanky. When they get to Chicago, Jim gets Bobby's gun off him, betraying the killer, who attempts to choke him, but runs away. Jim follows him and gifts him a Spanky flyer and Tulsa's clothes and says goodbye. Bobby keeps on following his murder spree until he gets arrested by the [[Michigan]] police and sentenced to life in prison while Jim and Spanky's shows get back on air. After the chimp's passing, he retires and goes on to remarry and live in Argentina. == Cast == * [[Yakubu Elordi|Jacob Elordi]] as Bobby Falls, a serial killer based on Larry Lee Ranes * [[Zachary Quinto]] as Jim Goodwin, an animal trainer based on Dave Pitts * [[Patrick J. Adams]] as Saul * Troy Evans as Hank * Alexandra Doke as Whitney * John Lee Ames as Ratso == Production == ''He Went That Way'' was announced on June 2, 2021, at the virtual Marché du Film, when it was reported that [[Yakubu Elordi|Jacob Elordi]] and [[Zachary Quinto]] would star in the thriller based on Conrad Hilberry's non-fiction book ''Luke Karamazov''. The film was produced by Head Gear Films, Teashop Productions, and Mister Smith Entertainment. It was the directorial debut of Jeffrey Darling, who died in a surfing accident in North Palm Beach in [[Sydney|Sydney, Australia]] on March 27, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2, 2022 |title=Believe Media remembers Jeffrey Darling |url=https://reel360.com/article/believe-media-remembers-jeffrey-darling/ |website=Reel 360 News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Barnes |first=Mike |date=March 29, 2022 |title=Jeff Darling, Australian Cinematographer and Director, Dies at 60 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jeff-darling-dead-australian-cinematographer-director-1235121327/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2022 |title=Filmmaker Jeff Darling passes away while surfing |url=https://nepalnews.com/index.php/s/entertainment-and-lifestyle/filmmaker-jeff-darling-passes-away-while-surfing |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=NepalNews |archive-date=2023-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111112643/https://nepalnews.com/index.php/s/entertainment-and-lifestyle/filmmaker-jeff-darling-passes-away-while-surfing |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is based on a screenplay by Evan M. Wiener.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=June 2, 2021 |title=Jacob Elordi & Zachary Quinto To Star In True Crime Thriller ''He Went That Way'' – Cannes Virtual Market |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/jacob-elordi-zachary-quinto-crime-thriller-he-went-that-way-cannes-virtual-market-1234767718/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602153009/https://deadline.com/2021/06/jacob-elordi-zachary-quinto-crime-thriller-he-went-that-way-cannes-virtual-market-1234767718/ |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=June 2, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> According to executive producer Phil Hunt, the production was able to cast Quinto by going through a friend of the actor instead of his agent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roxborough |first=Scott |last2=Ritman |first2=Alex |date=November 2, 2021 |title=AFM: Indies Battle for Talent as Studios and Streamers Lock Up A-Listers |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/afm-2021-talent-battle-robert-pattinson-christoph-waltz-1235037639/ |access-date=November 19, 2021 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Filming took place on location in Los Angeles, California.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robb |first=David |date=January 19, 2022 |title=Los Angeles On-Location Filming Sets Quarterly Record, Doubling Since 2020, FilmLA Says |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/los-angeles-location-filming-record-filmla-1234915537/ |access-date=January 19, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Release == The film premiered at the Tribeca Festival on June 9, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=He Went That Way &#124; 2023 Tribeca Festival |url=https://tribecafilm.com/films/he-went-that-way-2023}}</ref> In October 2023, Vertical Entertainment acquired distribution rights to the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=October 17, 2023 |title=True-Life Serial Killer Thriller 'He Went That Way' Starring Jacob Elordi, Zachary Quinto & Patrick J. Adams Acquired By Vertical |url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/he-went-that-way-jacob-elordi-zachary-quinto-vertical-release-1235574720/ |access-date=October 17, 2023 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}</ref> It was released in a limited release on January 5, 2024, prior to video on demand on January 12, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McArdle |first=Tommy |date=December 14, 2023 |title=Jacob Elordi Plays a Killer Hitchhiker Picked Up by Zachary Quinto in He Went That Way Trailer (Exclusive) |url=https://people.com/jacob-elordi-plays-killer-hitchhiker-picked-up-by-zachary-quinto-he-went-that-way-exclusive-8415640 |access-date=December 14, 2023 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> == Reception == On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 26% of 31 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.5/10.[13] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 37 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable" reviews. David Rooney of ''The Hollywood Reporter'' wrote that "it plays like a tonally uncertain blend of desert neo-noir, prickly buddy movie, misfit character study and crime thriller, with zero psychological grounding and even less suspense".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rooney |first=David |date=2023-06-09 |title='He Went That Way' Review: Jacob Elordi and Zachary Quinto in True Crime Misfire Awkwardly Stuck Between Genre Cracks |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/he-went-that-way-review-jacob-elordi-zachary-quinto-1235511685/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Christian Zilko of IndieWire called the film "a competent but emotionally thin story", and gave it a grade of B−.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2023-06-09 |title=''He Went That Way'' Review: A Serial Killer, A Drifter, and His Monkey Get Into a Car… |url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/he-went-that-way-review-1234873042/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> Patrice Witherspoon of ''Screen Rant'' described the film as "a dumpster fire from start to finish", criticizing the plot, tonal shifts, and performances, except for Quinto's performance, which she praised as the film's highlights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Witherspoon |first=Patrice |date=2023-06-14 |title=''He Went That Way'' Review: Quinto Outshines His Captor In Disastrous Crime Thriller |url=https://screenrant.com/he-went-that-way-review/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bcn18n3klkmtatuujh18q31vdc40glw 0 158035 890122 858846 2026-08-01T12:42:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Sambangalou''' wani tashar samar da wutar lantarki ce da ake ginawa a [[Senegal]], tare da shirin sanya karfin wutar lantarki mai karfin {{Convert|128|MW}} idan an kammala. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=11 December 2020 |title=Senegal: Vinci and Andritz win the contract to build the Sambangalou dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-vinci-and-andritz-win-the-contract-to-build-the-sambangalou-dam/ |access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=Afrik21.africa |archive-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211135645/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-vinci-and-andritz-win-the-contract-to-build-the-sambangalou-dam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarkin tana kan [[Kogin Gambiya|kogin Gambia]], a Yankin Kédougou, a kudu maso gabashin Senegal, kusa da kan iyaka da [[Gini|Guinea]] . Wurin da take yana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|25|km|0}}, kudu da Kédougou, babban birnin yankin. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=AU-PIDA |date=17 March 2020 |title=Sambangalou Hydropower Plant |url=https://www.au-pida.org/view-project/747/ |access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=African Union Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (AU-PIDA) |place=Addis Ababa, Ethiopia}}</ref> Wannan ya wuce {{Convert|700|km|0}}, kudu maso gabashin [[Dakar]], babban birnin Senegal. Kimanin daidaitattun tashoshin wutar lantarki na Sambangalou sune: 12°23'57.0"N, 12°11'48.0"W (Latitude:12.399167; Longitude:-12.196667). == Bayani == Wannan tashar wutar lantarki wani ɓangare ne na wani aiki mai amfani da yawa wanda aka yi niyya don (a) samar da wutar lantarki ga ƙasashe huɗu na '''Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kogin Gambia''' (OMVG), wato; Senegal, [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]], [[Gini|Guinea]] da [[Gambiya|Gambia]], (b) samar da ruwan ban ruwa ga al'ummomin manoma a yankin da kuma (c) samar da ruwan sha ga mazauna yankin. <ref name="1R2">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=11 December 2020 |title=Senegal: Vinci and Andritz win the contract to build the Sambangalou dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-vinci-and-andritz-win-the-contract-to-build-the-sambangalou-dam/ |access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=Afrik21.africa |archive-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211135645/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-vinci-and-andritz-win-the-contract-to-build-the-sambangalou-dam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanin OMVG, wanda ke da kuma ke haɓaka aikin da tashar wutar lantarki mai matakai biyu, ya zaɓi haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin [[Faransa]] da [[Austriya|Austria]] don aiwatar da ayyukan. Za a haɓaka aikin a matakai: Mataki na I ya ƙunshi gina hanyoyin shiga, gina gidajen ma'aikata ga ma'aikatan ginin da kuma gina gadar Kédougou. Mataki na 2 ya ƙunshi gina {{Convert|91|m}} babban madatsar ruwa da kuma tashar wutar lantarki, wanda ke samar da wurin ajiyar ruwa mai fadin {{Convert|181|km²|mi2}} , wanda ya fara daga Senegal zuwa Guinea. Mataki na III ya ƙunshi shigar da kayan aikin lantarki a cikin tashar wutar lantarki, wanda ke iya samar da megawatts 128 na wutar lantarki. <ref name="1R"/> == Masu Haɓakawa == Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna yadda ƙungiyar da aka zaɓa don haɓaka tashar wutar lantarki da kayayyakin more rayuwa masu alaƙa da ita, a kan kwangilar Yuro miliyan 388. <ref name="1R"/> <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=World Construction Network |date=11 December 2020 |title=Vinci consortium wins €388m contract to build Sambangalou dam in Senegal |url=https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/news/vinci-consortium-wins-388m-contract-to-build-sambangalou-dam-in-senegal |access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=World Construction Network}}</ref> == Wasu abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su == Kafin a bayar da kwangilar ginin a watan Disamba na 2020, an gudanar da nazarin [[Binciken tasirin muhalli|Kimanta Muhalli da Tasirin Jama'a]] (ESIA) kuma an tsara Tsarin Aiki na Matsugunni (RAP) a cikin watanni 18 da suka gabata. Ana sa ran za a samar da ayyukan yi 1,000 a cikin gida, a lokacin ginin. <ref name="1R"/> Za a kwashe wutar lantarki da ake samarwa a wannan tashar wutar lantarki ta hanyar layukan wutar lantarki guda huɗu masu ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfin 225kV zuwa wurare a kowace ƙasa daga cikin ƙasashe huɗu masu cin gajiyar wutar lantarki, inda za a haɗa makamashin a cikin kowace tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa. <ref name="1R"/> Ana sa ran fara aikin ginin a rabin farko na shekarar 2021, inda ake sa ran fara aikin kasuwanci a shekarar 2025. <ref name="1R"/> Bayan an kammala aikin, za a bayar da gudummawar tsarin tace ruwa da rarrabawa ga al'ummar yankin. <ref name="1R" /> == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == p4yt9i0kmi2980oqbpxs67pezqhs81c 0 158061 890382 881713 2026-08-02T02:29:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Wovwe''', wacce kuma ita '''ce Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Wovwe''', tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a Kogin Wovwe da ke [[Malawi]] . Tana da karfin wutar lantarki na {{Convert|4.35|MW}}, tare da na'urori uku na samar da wutar lantarki na megawatts 1.45 kowannensu. <ref name="One">{{Cite web |last=ESCOM |date=24 September 2015 |title=Hydropower Generation: Existing ESCOM Limited Generation System |url=http://www.escommw.com/power_generation.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710201223/http://www.escommw.com/power_generation.php |archive-date=10 July 2011 |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=[[Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi]] (ESCOM) |format=Archived from the Original}}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan Kogin Wovwe, a gundumar Karonga ta yankin Arewacin Malawi. <ref name="Two">{{Cite web |last=Egenco |date=17 April 2018 |title=Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited: Hydroelectric Power Stations: Wovwe Hydroelectric Power Station |url=http://www.egenco.mw/power-stations?limitstart=0 |access-date=17 April 2018 |publisher=Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited (Egenco) |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105804/http://www.egenco.mw/power-stations?limitstart=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A kan hanya, tana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|140|km|0}} arewacin Mzuzu, babban birnin yankin Arewacin Malawi <ref name="Three">{{Cite web |last=Globefeed.com |date=17 April 2018 |title=Distance between Uliwa Trading Center, Karonga, Malawi and Mzuzu, Malawi |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Malawi_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Uliwa%20Trading%20Center%2C%20Karonga%2C%20Malawi&toplace=Mzuzu%2C%20Malawi&dt1=ChIJMxzqYx1pAhkRtxFcYfmAWRA&dt2=ChIJaRIP8WA6HRkRwnDP_QlhcdY |access-date=17 April 2018 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> == Bayani == Wannan tashar wutar lantarki ta samu gudummawa ne daga gwamnatin Jamus . Ta ƙunshi injunan samar da wutar lantarki guda uku masu ƙarfin megawatts 1.35. Ana iya sarrafa tashar wutar lantarki ta Wovwe a kan wutar lantarki da/ko kuma a wajen wutar lantarki. <ref name="Five">{{Cite web |last=EGENCO |date=17 April 2018 |title=Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited: Wovwe Hydroelectric Power Station |url=http://www.egenco.mw/power-stations/wovwe-power-station |access-date=17 April 2018 |publisher=Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited (EGENCO) |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417192005/http://www.egenco.mw/power-stations/wovwe-power-station |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Malawi * Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Afirka == Manazarta == ebq4iba7h3x429d6a3quem4e6ner1db 0 158130 890121 859128 2026-08-01T12:41:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mubuku III''' {{Convert|10|MW}} ƙaramin tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa a [[Uganda]] . == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarki tana a fadin ''Kogin Mubuku'', kusa da garin Mubuku, gundumar Kasese, a Yammacin Uganda . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mubuku III Power Station Is Located Near Mubuku, Kasese District |url=http://www.kccl.co.ug/about.htm |access-date=7 May 2014 |publisher=[[Kasese Cobalt Company Limited]] (KCCL) |archive-date=9 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109235136/http://www.kccl.co.ug/about.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan wuri yana cikin gindin tsaunukan Rwenzori, kusa da kan iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Mubuku yana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|17|km}}, ta hanya, arewacin Kasese, wurin da hedikwatar gundumar take, da kuma babban birni mafi kusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Map Showing Kasese And Mubuku With Distance Marker |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kasese%20(Kasese)&toplace=Mubuku%20(Kasese)&fromlat=0.23&tolat=0.2694444&fromlng=29.9883333&tolng=30.1025 |access-date=7 May 2014 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> == Bayani == '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mubuku III''', wani ''aiki ne na aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a kogin'', tare da karfin wutar lantarki na MW 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2013 |title=MFC Industrial Limited: Results For The First Six Months Of 2013: Hydroelectric Power Station Update |url=http://www.mfcindustrial.com/profiles/investor/ResLibraryView.asp?ResLibraryID=64566&GoTopage=1&Category=1908&BzID=2017&G=335 |access-date=7 May 2014 |publisher=MFC Industrial Limited (Canada) }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An fara aiki da ita a shekarar 2008, bayan da Kasese Cobalt Company Limited ta gina ta, wani kamfani da ke fitar da cobalt daga laka da ke hagu lokacin da aka cire jan karfe daga ma'adinan tagulla . Ana sayar da wutar lantarki da ta wuce kima ga tashar wutar lantarki ta kasa. Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mubuku III ita ce ta uku a kan kogin Mubuku. Sauran biyun su ne [[Tashar wutar lantarki ta Mubuku I|Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mubuku I]], mallakar Kilembe Mines Limited kuma ke gudanarwa, tare da karfin wutar lantarki na MW 5 da [[Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Bugoye|Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mubuku II]], wacce aka fi sani da [[Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Bugoye]], wacce ke da karfin wutar lantarki na MW 13, mallakar '''Tronder Power Limited''', wani kamfanin [[Norway]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Masereka |first=B |date=2013 |title=River Nyamwamba Spills Wrath |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=642322&CatID=442 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505055843/http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=642322&CatID=442 |archive-date=5 May 2014 |access-date=7 May 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision|New Vision Mobile]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == 554fxwvd32o5tqyoyt7riyqkxvd5ngd 0 158260 890186 859602 2026-08-01T14:45:56Z BnHamid 12586 890186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gwajin Casoni''' gwajin fata ne da aka yi amfani da shi wajen gano Cutar hydatid. Gwajin ya haɗa da allurar intradermal na 0.25 ml na ruwa mai tsabta daga hydatid cysts / cyst na mutum kuma an tsabtace shi ta hanyar tace Seitz a cikin hannu ɗaya, tare da daidaitaccen adadin saline da aka yi wa ɗayan hannu. Ana yin lura a cikin minti 30 masu zuwa kuma bayan 1 zuwa 2 kwanaki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Casoni's Test |url=http://microbiology.4umer.net/t88-casoni-s-test |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104072343/http://microbiology.4umer.net/t88-casoni-s-test |archive-date=2015-01-04 |access-date=2014-12-03}}</ref> Amsar da ke faruwa a wurin allurar a cikin minti 20 ana ɗaukarsa tabbatacce (hypersensitivity nan take). Halin jinkirin halayen yawanci ana karantawa bayan awanni 18-24.<ref>Robert A. Evans. ''Special Tests: The Procedure and Meaning of the Commoner Tests in Hospital'', page 14. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2003. {{ISBN|978-0-7234-3289-0}}.</ref> Gwajin yana da kyau a cikin kusan 90% na lokuta na cutar hydatid da ke shafar hanta, amma yana da kyau ga ƙasa da 50% na marasa lafiya tare da cutar hydatide a wasu wurare a cikin jiki; sakamakon sakamako mai kyau na ƙarya ma ya zama ruwan dare. Kasancewa wani nau'in I hypersensitivity reaction, ana buƙatar adana tray na anaphylactic reaction kafin a gudanar da gwajin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Casoni's Test |url=http://microbiology.4umer.net/t88-casoni-s-test |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104072343/http://microbiology.4umer.net/t88-casoni-s-test |archive-date=2015-01-04 |access-date=2014-12-03}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, ana amfani da Gwaje-gwaje na serological yanzu.<ref>Richard Ravel. ''Clinical laboratory medicine'', page 291. Elsevier Health Sciences, 1994. {{ISBN|978-0-8151-7148-5}}.</ref> Tomaso Casoni ne ya bayyana gwajin a shekarar 1912. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7uce3pyqajwarxvzig4bkmhd1qxxnoz 0 158414 890167 860266 2026-08-01T14:36:00Z BnHamid 12586 Replaced content with "{{Databox}} '''Etofamide''' (INN, wanda aka fi sani da '''eticlordifene''') magani ne na antiprotozoal da ake amfani da shi wajen maganin [[amoebiasis]]. An bayyana tasirinsa akan ''Giardia lamblia'' a matsayin mai tawali'u.<ref name="pmid1518040">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cedillo-Rivera R, Muñoz O |date=September 1992 |title=In-vitro susceptibility of Giardia lamblia to albendazole, mebendazole and other chemotherapeutic agents |journal=Journal of Medical Microbio..." 890167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Etofamide''' (INN, wanda aka fi sani da '''eticlordifene''') magani ne na antiprotozoal da ake amfani da shi wajen maganin [[amoebiasis]]. An bayyana tasirinsa akan ''Giardia lamblia'' a matsayin mai tawali'u.<ref name="pmid1518040">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cedillo-Rivera R, Muñoz O |date=September 1992 |title=In-vitro susceptibility of Giardia lamblia to albendazole, mebendazole and other chemotherapeutic agents |journal=Journal of Medical Microbiology |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=221–4 |doi=10.1099/00222615-37-3-221 |pmid=1518040 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e3372msque4ztnucstdo4o9snhvrtqg 0 158533 890218 881275 2026-08-01T15:58:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug|verifiedrevid=470610559|image=Tinidazole.svg|image_class=skin-invert-image|width=160|alt=|image2=Tinidazole ball-and-stick model from xtal 2020.png|image_class2=bg-transparent|alt2=<!--Clinical data-->|tradename=Tindamax, others|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|monograph|tinidazole}}|MedlinePlus=a604036|DailyMedID=Tinidazole|pregnancy_AU=B3|routes_of_administration=[[By mouth]]|ATC_prefix=J01|ATC_suffix=XD02|ATC_supplemental={{ATC|G01|AF21}}, {{ATC|J01|RA11}}, {{ATC|J01|RA13}}, {{ATC|J01|RA18}}, {{ATC|P01|AB02}}, {{ATC|P01|AB53}}, {{ATCvet|P51|AA02}}|legal_AU=S4|legal_UK=POM|legal_US=Rx-only|legal_US_comment=<ref name="Tindamax FDA label">{{cite web | title=Tindamax- tinidazole tablet, film coated | website=DailyMed | date=27 December 2021 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a0d01539-8413-4703-94cc-d221918630a1 | access-date=15 September 2025}}</ref> <!--Pharmacokinetic data-->|protein_bound=12%|metabolism=[[Liver]] ([[CYP3A4]])|elimination_half-life=12–14 hours|excretion=Urine (20–25%), feces (12%) <!--Identifiers-->|CAS_number_Ref={{cascite|correct|??}}|CAS_number=19387-91-8|PubChem=5479|DrugBank_Ref={{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}|DrugBank=DB00911|ChemSpiderID_Ref={{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|ChemSpiderID=5279|UNII_Ref={{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|UNII=033KF7V46H|KEGG_Ref={{keggcite|correct|kegg}}|KEGG=D01426|ChEMBL_Ref={{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|ChEMBL=1220|NIAID_ChemDB=007940 <!--Chemical data-->|IUPAC_name=1-(2-ethylsulfonylethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazole|C=8|H=13|N=3|O=4|S=1|smiles=CCS(=O)(=O)CCN1C(=NC=C1[N+](=O)[O-])C|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C8H13N3O4S/c1-3-16(14,15)5-4-10-7(2)9-6-8(10)11(12)13/h6H,3-5H2,1-2H3|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=HJLSLZFTEKNLFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}<templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="6" |<span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): <nowiki&gt;Tinidazole</nowiki&gt;">Tinidazole</span> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Tinidazole.svg|class=skin-invert-image|186x186px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Tinidazole_ball-and-stick_model_from_xtal_2020.png|class=bg-transparent|186x186px]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan asibiti |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Sunayen kasuwanci]] | class="infobox-data" |Tindamax, wasu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]] | class="infobox-data" |<span title="www.drugs.com">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/tinidazole.html Littafin da aka rubuta]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[MedlinePlus]] | class="infobox-data" |<span title="medlineplus.gov">[https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604036.html a604036]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Regulation of therapeutic goods|Bayanan lasisi]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * <small><abbr class="country-name" title="<nowiki&gt;United States</nowiki&gt;">US</abbr></small> DailyMed: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">[https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Tinidazole Tinidazole]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Matsayi na ciki<nowiki><br></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * <small><abbr class="country-name" title="<nowiki&gt;Australia</nowiki&gt;">AU</abbr>:</small> B3&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Hanyoyin gudanarwa<nowiki><br></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Ta hanyar baki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar ATC | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * J01XD02 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XD02 WHO]</span>) G01AF21 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=G01AF21 WHO]</span>), J01RA11 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01RA11 WHO]</span>), J01RA13 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01RA13 WHO]</span>),J01RA18 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01RA18 WHO]</span>), P01AB02 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01AB02 WHO]</span>), P01AB53 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01AB53 WHO]</span>), QP51AA02 (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet">[https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QP51AA02 WHO]</span>).&#x20;&#x20;&#x20;&#x20;&#x20;&#x20;&#x20;&#x20;&#x20; </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Matsayi na Shari'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Matsayi na Shari'a | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * <small><abbr class="country-name" title="<nowiki&gt;Australia</nowiki&gt;">AU</abbr>:</small> S4 (Kayan aiki kawai) &#x20; * <small>Burtaniya:</small> POM (Kayan aiki kawai) &#x20; * <small><abbr class="country-name" title="<nowiki&gt;United States</nowiki&gt;">US</abbr>:</small>&#x20;Sai dai </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan Magunguna |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Haɗin furotin | class="infobox-data" |12% |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Metabolism | class="infobox-data" |Jiki (CYP3A4) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Kashe <nowiki><span class="nowrap">rabin rayuwa</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Sa'o'i 12-14 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Rashin fitarwa | class="infobox-data" |fitsari (20-25%), datti (12%) |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Sunan IUPAC</div></div> * <div style="font-size: 97%;">1- (2-ethylsulfonylethyl) -2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazole</div> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar CAS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org">[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=19387-91-8 19387-91-8]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[./PubChem#&#x3C;span&#x20;style= <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;Compound ID</nowiki&gt;">CID</abbr>" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="PubChem">PubChem] CID | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5479 5479]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bankin Magunguna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.drugbank.ca">[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00911 DB00911]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChemSpider | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.chemspider.com">[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5279.html 5279]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |UNII | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="precision.fda.gov">[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/033KF7V46H 033KF7V46H]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |KEGG | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.kegg.jp">[https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D01426 D01426]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEMBL | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1220 ChEMBL1220]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |NIAID ChemDB | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="chemdb.niaid.nih.gov">[https://chemdb.niaid.nih.gov/CompoundDetails.aspx?AIDSNO=007940 007940] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528113454/https://chemdb.niaid.nih.gov/CompoundDetails.aspx?AIDSNO=007940 |date=2025-05-28 }}</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |CompTox Dashboard <span style="font-weight:normal"> (<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</nowiki&gt;">EPA</abbr>) </span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="comptox.epa.gov">[https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4023676 DTXSID4023676][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321320#P3117|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |<nowiki><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |[https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.039.089 100.039.089][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321320#P2566|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan sunadarai da na jiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Carbon">C</span>₈<span title="Hydrogen">H</span>₁₃<span title="Nitrogen">N</span>₃<span title="Oxygen">O</span>₄<span title="Sulfur">S</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Ma'auni na ƙuƙwalwa | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">247.27</span> g·mol-1&nbsp;⁻¹ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin 3D (JSmol) | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)">[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CCS%28%3DO%29%28%3DO%29CCN1C%28%3DNC%3DC1%5BN%2B%5D%28%3DO%29%5BO-%5D%29C Hoton hulɗa]</span> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Rashin kunya</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CCS (=O) (=O) CCN1C (=NC=C1[N+] (=O) [O-]) C</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>InChI</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C8H13N3O4S/c1-3-16 (14,15) 5-4-10-7 (2) 9-6-8 (10) 11 (12) 13/h6H,3-5H2,1-2H3 ^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>}</div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Maɓalli: HJLSLZFTEKNLFI-UHFFFAO^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>}-N Y</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=470610559&page2=Tinidazole (Gaskiya)]</span></span> |} '''Tinidazole''', wanda ake siyarwa a ƙarƙashin sunan alamar '''Tindamax''' da sauransu, magani ne da ake amfani da shi don magance kamuwa da cuta da wasu kwayoyin Anaerobic da protozoa suka haifar. An haɓaka shi a cikin 1972 kuma sanannen memba ne na ajin maganin rigakafi na nitroimidazole. Tinidazole wani madadin magani ne a kan Jerin Magunguna na Muhimmanci na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya . == Amfani da kiwon lafiya == Tinidazole magani ne mai ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta wanda aka yi amfani da shi don magance cututtukan da <nowiki><i id="mwKw">Helicobacter pylori</i></nowiki>, ''Entamoeba histolytica'', ''Giardia'' spp suka haifar. da kuma ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' . <ref name="pmid8444678">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Edwards DI |date=January 1993 |title=Nitroimidazole drugs--action and resistance mechanisms. I. Mechanisms of action |journal=The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=9–20 |doi=10.1093/jac/31.1.9 |pmid=8444678}}</ref> == Sakamakon sakamako == Shan barasa yayin shan tinidazole yana haifar da mummunar amsawar disulfiram, wanda ya haɗa da ƙishirwa, amai, ciwon kai, karuwar hawan jini, zubar da jini, da gajeren numfashi. [ana buƙatar bayanin likita] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (December 2022)">medical citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ilimin Magunguna == === Magunguna === Rabin rayuwar kawarwa shine 13.2 ± 1.4 hours. Rabin rayuwar Plasma shine sa'o'i 12 zuwa 14. [ana buƙatar bayanin likita] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (December 2022)">medical citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Tarihi == An amince da Tinidazole don maganin likita a Amurka a shekara ta 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Drug Approval Package: Tindamax (Tinidazole) NDA #021618, 021681 & 021682 |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2004/21-618_21-681_21-682_Tindamax.cfm |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) |archive-date=23 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223202750/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2004/21-618_21-681_21-682_Tindamax.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Fenticonazole nitrate/lidocaine/tinidazole]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Other antibacterials}}{{Gynecological anti-infectives and antiseptics}}{{Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases}}{{Excavata antiparasitics}}{{Agents against amoebozoa}}<templatestyles src="Module:Portal bar/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l48m7dhuzfss13laao27rrocq9c2p9p 0 158534 890229 860699 2026-08-01T17:02:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Drugbox|verifiedrevid=470615984|IUPAC_name=5-methyl-6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) aminomethyl] quinazoline-2,4-diamine|image=Trimetrexate.svg|image_class=skin-invert-image|width=250 <!--Clinical data-->|tradename=|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|CDI|trimetrexate}}|MedlinePlus=a694019|pregnancy_category=|legal_status=|routes_of_administration=<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->|bioavailability=VD: 20-30 Liters|protein_bound=|metabolism=Oxidative O-demethylation, followed by conjugation with glucuronide or sulfate|elimination_half-life=11 to 12 hours <!--Identifiers-->|IUPHAR_ligand=7613|CAS_number_Ref={{cascite|correct|??}}|CAS_number=52128-35-5|ATC_prefix=P01|ATC_suffix=AX07|ATC_supplemental=|PubChem=5583|DrugBank_Ref={{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}|DrugBank=DB01157|ChemSpiderID_Ref={{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|ChemSpiderID=5381|UNII_Ref={{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|UNII=UPN4ITI8T4|KEGG_Ref={{keggcite|correct|kegg}}|KEGG=D06238|ChEMBL_Ref={{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|ChEMBL=119 <!--Chemical data-->|C=19|H=23|N=5|O=3|smiles=n3c1c(c(c(cc1)CNc2cc(OC)c(OC)c(OC)c2)C)c(nc3N)N|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C19H23N5O3/c1-10-11(5-6-13-16(10)18(20)24-19(21)23-13)9-22-12-7-14(25-2)17(27-4)15(8-12)26-3/h5-8,22H,9H2,1-4H3,(H4,20,21,23,24)|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=NOYPYLRCIDNJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}<templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="7" |<span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): <nowiki&gt;Trimetrexate</nowiki&gt;">Trimetrexate</span> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Trimetrexate.svg|class=skin-invert-image|250x250px]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan asibiti |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]] | class="infobox-data" |<span title="www.drugs.com">[https://www.drugs.com/cdi/trimetrexate.html Bayanan Abokin Ciniki]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[MedlinePlus]] | class="infobox-data" |<span title="medlineplus.gov">[https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a694019.html a694019]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System|Lambar ATC]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * P01AX07 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01AX07 WHO]</span>) &#x20;&#x20; </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan Magunguna |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bioavailability | class="infobox-data" |VD: Lit 20-30 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Metabolism | class="infobox-data" |Oxidative O-demethylation, biye da conjugation tare da glucuronide ko sulfate |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Kashe <nowiki><span class="nowrap">rabin rayuwa</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Sa'o'i 11 zuwa 12 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Sunan IUPAC</div></div> * <div style="font-size: 97%;">5-methyl-6-[ (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) aminomethyl] quinazoline-2,4-diamine</div> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar CAS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org">[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=52128-35-5 52128-35-5]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[./PubChem#&#x3C;span&#x20;style= <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;Compound ID</nowiki&gt;">CID</abbr>" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="PubChem">PubChem] CID | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5583 5583]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |IUPHAR / BPS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org">[https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7613 7613]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bankin Magunguna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.drugbank.ca">[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01157 DB01157]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChemSpider | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.chemspider.com">[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5381.html 5381]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |UNII | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="precision.fda.gov">[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/UPN4ITI8T4 UPN4ITI8T4]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |KEGG | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.kegg.jp">[https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D06238 D06238]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEMBL | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL119 ChEMBL119]</span>^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>} </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |CompTox Dashboard <span style="font-weight:normal"> (<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</nowiki&gt;">EPA</abbr>) </span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="comptox.epa.gov">[https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3023714 DTXSID3023714][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126677485#P3117|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]</span> </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan sunadarai da na jiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Carbon">C</span>₁₉<span title="Hydrogen">H</span>₂₃<span title="Nitrogen">N</span>₅<span title="Oxygen">O</span>₃ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Ma'auni na ƙuƙwalwa | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">369.425</span> g·mol-1&nbsp;⁻¹ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin 3D (JSmol) | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)">[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=n3c1c%28c%28c%28cc1%29CNc2cc%28OC%29c%28OC%29c%28OC%29c2%29C%29c%28nc3N%29N Hoton hulɗa]</span> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Rashin kunya</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">n3c1c (c (cc1) CNc2cc (OC) c (OC) C (OC) c2) C (nc3N) N</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>InChI</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C19H23N5O3/c1-10-11 (5-6-13-16 (10) 18 (20) 24-19 (21) 23-13) 9-22-12-7-14 (25-2) 17 (27-4) 15 (8-12) 26-3/h5-8,22H,9H2,1-4H3, (H4,20,21,23,24) ^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>}</div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Maɓalli: NO^{&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span>}-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=470615984&page2=Trimetrexate (Gaskiya)]</span></span> |} '''Trimetrexate''' wani nau'i ne na quinazoline. Yana da dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor.<ref name="pmid1981548">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wong BK, Woolf TF, Chang T, Whitfield LR |year=1990 |title=Metabolic disposition of trimetrexate, a nonclassical dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, in rat and dog |url=http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1981548 |journal=Drug Metab. Dispos. |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=980–6 |doi=10.1016/S0090-9556(25)08702-1 |pmid=1981548 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Amfani da shi == An yi amfani da shi tare da leucovorin wajen magance cutar huhu. <ref name="pmid2136905">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sattler FR, Allegra CJ, Verdegem TD, etal |date=January 1990 |title=Trimetrexate-leucovorin dosage evaluation study for treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=91–6 |doi=10.1093/infdis/161.1.91 |pmid=2136905}}</ref> An bincika shi don amfani da shi wajen magance leiomyosarcoma . <ref name="pmid11748990">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Smith HO, Blessing JA, Vaccarello L |date=January 2002 |title=Trimetrexate in the treatment of recurrent or advanced leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: a phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group |journal=Gynecol. Oncol. |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=140–4 |doi=10.1006/gyno.2001.6482 |pmid=11748990}}</ref> Yana da analog na methotrexate (MTX) wanda ke aiki a kan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na MTX masu tsayayya da sufuri waɗanda ke shawo kan juriya da aka samu da na halitta ga methotrechate. Sauran amfani sun haɗa da cututtukan fata. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Haɗin waje == * MedlinePlus DrugInfo Usfiyar zuwa 202693 * Diseases Database (DDB):30480 {{Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 33vq4684l5leb8il6lt5w6h31kw6d8n 0 158640 890261 861362 2026-08-01T19:34:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anse Source d'Argent''' bakin teku ne da ke bakin tekun kudu maso yammacin [[Digue|La Digue]], [[Seychelles]] . An sanya shi a cikin ''Lonely Planet'' a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun rairayin bakin teku a duniya a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hare |first=Maureen |date=2024-02-03 |title=The world’s best beaches, according to Lonely Planet |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/travel-news-best-beaches-lonely-planet/index.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=CNN}}</ref> == Wuri == Bakin tekun yana cikin L'Union Estate, wani tsohon gona na kwakwa da gonar vanilla wanda yanzu yake aiki a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pasricha |first=Pallavi |date=2023-12-14 |title=Travel: In Seychelles' La Digue, time seems to slow down |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/big-story/most-photographed-beach-seychelles-anse-source-dargent-111702523155010.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Mintlounge }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Samun damar shiga Anse Source d'Argent yana buƙatar ƙaramin kuɗin shiga gidan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anse Source d'Argent {{!}} La Digue, Seychelles {{!}} Attractions |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/seychelles/la-digue/attractions/anse-source-d-argent/a/poi-sig/1402802/355594 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Lonely Planet}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomson |first=Emma |date=2020-10-28 |title=Paradise is open for business: the Seychelles welcomes back tourists |url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/advice/lockdown-in-paradise-how-the-seychelles-is-reopening-to-visitors-ll7kdx8dq |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> Ana ɗaukar bakin teku a matsayin wanda aka fi ɗaukar hoto a duniya, saboda manyan duwatsunsa a matsayin "abin tunawa da zamanin da." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaramillo |first=Alba |title=La Digue: The Seychelles' tropical biking paradise |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220421-la-digue-the-seychelles-tropical-biking-paradise |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=www.bbc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Orazio |first=Julia |date=2024-01-03 |title=‘World’s most photographed beach’ is the epitome of paradise |url=https://www.smh.com.au/traveller/inspiration/world-s-most-photographed-beach-is-the-epitome-of-paradise-20231220-p5esrj.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> == A cikin kafofin watsa labarai == * A shekarar 2023, ''Forbes India'' ta sanya ta a matsayi na 2 cikin manyan rairayin bakin teku 5 mafi kyau a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 Of The World's Best Beaches In 2023: From Lucky Bay Down Under To Cook Islands |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/lifes/top-5-of-the-worlds-best-beaches-in-2023-from-lucky-bay-down-under-to-cook-islands/87407/1 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Forbes India}}</ref> * A shekarar 2017, ''[[CNN]]'' ta sanya ta a matsayi na 7 cikin manyan rairayin bakin teku 25 a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Exelby |first=Narina |date=2017-07-12 |title=25 of Africa’s best beaches |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/africa-best-beaches/index.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=CNN}}</ref> * A shekarar 2016, ''Newsweek'' ta lissafa ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun rairayin bakin teku a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boynton |first=Graham |date=2016-03-03 |title=The World's Best Beaches |url=https://www.newsweek.com/2016/03/11/worlds-best-beaches-433072.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Newsweek}}</ref> == Manazarta == hpfu57cbhtr6fjxor4ybyz3muem2zt7 0 158782 890304 861680 2026-08-01T21:18:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890304 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  '''Victor Demé''' (1962 - 21 Satumba 2015) ya kasance mawaƙi kuma mawaƙi-marubucin Burkinabé <ref>[http://www.afrik.com/article13598.html Afrik.com: Victor Démé "Underground legend in Burkina Faso"] {{In lang|fr}}</ref> wanda ya samo asali ne daga dangin Mandinka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Inrocks - Mort du chanteur du Burkina Faso, Victor Démé |url=http://www.lesinrocks.com/2015/09/21/musique/mort-du-chanteur-du-burkina-faso-victor-deme-11776129/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060010/http://www.lesinrocks.com/2015/09/21/musique/mort-du-chanteur-du-burkina-faso-victor-deme-11776129/ |archive-date=2015-09-23 |website=www.lesinrocks.com}}</ref> Mutuwarsa ta samo asali ne daga cutar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-21 |title=Mort du chanteur burkinabé Victor Démé, J.J. Cale des savanes – Libération |url=http://next.liberation.fr/musique/2015/09/21/mort-du-chanteur-burkinabe-victor-deme-jj-cale-des-savanes_1387661 |access-date=2022-08-30 |publisher=Next.liberation.fr |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115931/http://next.liberation.fr/musique/2015/09/21/mort-du-chanteur-burkinabe-victor-deme-jj-cale-des-savanes_1387661 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Victor Démé a [[Bobo-Dioulasso]], [[Burkina Faso]] . Mahaifiyarsa sanannen mawaƙi ne a lokutan zamantakewa a garinsu a cikin shekarun 1960. Mahaifinsa mai sa tufafi ne kuma mai salo kuma tare da kawunsa da kawunsa sun inganta layin tufafi na musamman ga kabilun Marka, wani ɓangare na mutanen Mandinka na Yammacin Afirka. Démé ya yi aiki a kasuwancin mahaifinsa da aka kafa a Abidjan, Ivory Coast tun yana saurayi. A cikin dare, ya kasance yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a kungiyoyi daban-daban na Abidjan tare da mawaƙa, musamman sanannen ƙungiyar Super Mandé da tauraronta Abdoulaye Diabaté . Démé ya koma Burkina Faso a shekarar 1988 yana amfana daga sabunta 'yancin fasaha a kasar kuma yana da shekaru 26 ya sami shahara. Fitowarsa a cikin gasa ta musamman ta Cibiyar Al'adu ta Faransa ta Bobo-Dioulasso da Rediyon Faransa na Duniya ya sake watsawa a 1989 kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a Makon Al'adu na Kasa a Burkina Faso a 1990 ya karfafa sunansa. A cikin shekarun 1990s, an zabi shi don kyautar a lokuta da yawa. Ya yi wasa tare da sanannun mawaƙa ciki har da l'Echo de l'Africa da kuma Suprême Comenba sananne a Ouagadougou . A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, an yanke shi daga zane-zane kuma yana da mawuyacin lokaci yana komawa kulob din yana raira waƙoƙin gargajiya daga [[Salim Keita|Salif Keita]], Mory Kanté da sauransu. Duk da haka, bai taba daina rubuce-rubucen kansa ba, ya haɗu da abota da haɗin gwiwa tare da Camille Louvel, manajan Ouagajungle, wani karamin mashaya a Ouagadougou wanda ya shirya kide-kide na hadin gwiwa ga masu basira da yawa. A shekara ta 2007, ɗan jarida David Commeillas ya ba da rahoto game da kiɗa na Ouagadougou kuma ya ambaci Démé a tsawon lokaci wanda ya ƙarfafa shi ya saki kundi na farko na studio yana da shekaru 46 wanda ke nuna mafi kyawun kayan sa a cikin mutane da blues, waƙoƙin mandinka na soyayya da ke tasiri a wasu lokuta tare da Latin salsa da sauti na flamenco ta amfani da harshen [[Harshen Dyula|Dyula]], [[Harsunan Mande|Harshen Mande]] da aka yi amfani da shi a Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast da Mali. Rubutun sun yi kira ga hadin kan kasa, girmama mata, muhimmancin al'adu da nuna wadatar waƙoƙinsa da abun da ya tsara. Kundin da ake kira ''Victor Demé'' na 2008 ya hada da waƙarsa mafi sananne "Djôn'maya".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=BURKINA FASO: Victor Démé - Victor Démé |url=https://www.200worldalbums.com/post/burkina-faso-victor-d%C3%A9m%C3%A9-victor-d%C3%A9m%C3%A9 |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=200worldalbums.com |language=en}}</ref> Masu gabatar da Faransanci Camille Louvel da David Commeillas suna fatan rarraba kundin sa a duk faɗin Turai kuma suna fuskantar cikas daga manyan lakabin rikodin kuma ta hanyar masu fafutuka na Soundicate Romain Germa da Nicolas Maslowski, sun kafa lakabin rikodi mai zaman kansa, Chapa Blues Records, kuma sun sanya hannu kan Victor Démé a matsayin babban mai zane na farko tare da tallace-tallace na kundin da ya wuce 40,000. Mujallar Burtaniya Songlines ta zaba shi "mafi kyawun kundin shekara ta 2008". A Faransa kundin ya kai lamba 76 a cikin SNEP Albums charts. Baya ga Faransa, Démé ya kuma yi a wasu wuraren kiɗa na duniya a Burtaniya, Jamus da kuma ko'ina cikin Turai, ya saki kundi na biyu ''Deli'' a cikin 2010 kuma a kan Chapa Blues Records. Wannan kundin ya kai lamba 138 a kan sigogi na Faransa. == Bayanan da aka yi == === Albums === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:10px;" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:140px;" |Album ! style="text-align:center; width:20px;" |Matsayi mafi girma |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FR<br /><ref name="fr">{{Cite web |title=Victor Démé discography |url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Victor+D%E9m%E9 |access-date=14 November 2014 |website=lescharts.com |publisher=Hung Medien}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |2008 |''Victor Demé'' | style="text-align:center;" |76 |- | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |''Deli'' | style="text-align:center;" |138 |} === Ma'aurata === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:10px;" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:150px;" |Ɗaya daga cikin ! style="text-align:center; width:20px;" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:100px;" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FR<br /><ref name="fr"/> |- | style="text-align:center;" |2010 |''Djôn'maya'' | style="text-align:center;" |{{Spaced en dash}} | style="text-align:center;" |''Victor Demé'' |} ; An nuna shi a cikin {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:10px;" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:150px;" |Ɗaya daga cikin ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:20px;" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:100px;" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FR<br /><ref name="fr"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FR<br /><ref name="bel">{{Cite web |title=Victor Démé discography |url=http://ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Victor+D%E9m%E9 |access-date=14 November 2014 |website=ultratop.be/fr/ |publisher=Hung Medien}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |2014 |"Djon Maya maï" (Synapson feat. Victor Démé) <br /><small> (Synapson feat, Victor Démé) </small> | style="text-align:center;" |12 | style="text-align:center;" |9 <small> (Ultratip) </small> <br /> | style="text-align:center;" | |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5q0et08tyx1d88s9nte5axk4qvpu5mo 0 158794 890385 861695 2026-08-02T02:55:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890385 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox organization|name=Spread the Net|founder=[[Belinda Stronach]] and [[Rick Mercer]]|type=|revenue=|owner=|dissolved=}}Spread the Net, kungiyar agaji ce dake da nufin rage zazzabin cizon sauro a kasashen Afirka. Rick Mercer, ɗan satirist na Kanada, da Belinda Stronach, tsohon ɗan majalisar Kanada kuma mai ba da agaji ne suka kafa shi. Haɗin gwiwa tare da UNICEF Kanada ya ba da damar Yaɗa Gidan Rafo--W-EU na y-Eit App na 2000 don cimma burin rarraba gidajen sauro 500,000 da aka yi wa maganin kwari zuwa Laberiya da Ruwanda.[1] Spread the Net yanzu yana aiki tare da abokan aikinsa don yaƙar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Gangamin ya ba da gudummawar gidajen sauro sama da 539,000 tun kafuwar sa. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] == Tarihi == A shekara ta 2006, Rick Mercer da Belinda Stronach sun yi tafiya zuwa Afirka tare da Farfesa Jeffrey D. Sachs, darektan Shirin Millennium na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission - The Earth Institute - Columbia University |url=https://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/1791 |access-date=2020-02-15 |website=www.earth.columbia.edu}}</ref> a shirye-shiryen shirya taron Millennium Promise a Montreal a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2006. A taron, Mercer da Stronach, tare da Jeffrey Sachs da Nigel Fisher, Shugaban kasa da Shugaba na UNICEF Kanada, sun sanar da niyyar su fara kamfen ɗin Spread the Net da tara dala miliyan 5 don a ba da tarkon gado ga yara da mata masu juna biyu a Laberiya da Rwanda. Ɗaya daga cikin wanda ya kafa X One Joey Adler da wanda ya kafa Millennium Promise Conference Daniel Germain kowannensu ya ba da $ 150,000 ga kamfen ɗin a taron. An yi umarni na farko don tarkon gado 33,000 a ranar 28 ga Maris, 2007. A watan Disamba na 2011, Spread the Net ya cimma burin kafa; An raba gidajen sauro 500,000 ga mata masu juna biyu da yara a Laberiya da Ruwanda. Yada Net ya haɗu tare da Plan Canada, tare da yin aiki tare don isar da wasu gidajen sauro 250,000, wannan lokacin zuwa Guinea. A cikin 2012, Spread the Net ya haɗu tare da Mosquitoes Suck Tour, aikin wasan kwaikwayo na minti 60 ga ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a duk faɗin Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fighting malaria a mission for David Peck {{!}} Humber Et Cetera |url=http://humberetc.com/2013/03/21/fighting-malaria-a-mission-for-david-peck/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102142746/http://humberetc.com/2013/03/21/fighting-malaria-a-mission-for-david-peck/ |archive-date=2013-11-02 |website=humberetc.com}}</ref> === Ƙalubalen Ɗalibi === A cikin shekara ta 2007, Spread the Net ya fara tara kudade a makarantun Kanada. Tsakanin 2007 da 2008 sama da makarantu 250 sun shiga tara $ 300,000. An gabatar da gasar ga makarantu a duk faɗin Kanada, kuma makarantar da ke tara mafi yawan don bayar da gudummawa za a ziyarta ta Rick Mercer. Kalubale ya haɗa da bangarorin makarantar sakandare, sakandare, da na firamare, da kuma wanda ya lashe katin daji. A cikin fitowar 2010, ƙalubalen ya nuna ƙarin karkatarwa ta hanyar gayyatar makarantu a gabas don yin gasa tare da takwarorinsu a yamma, wanda ya haifar da masu cin nasara biyu na matakin sakandare. ==== Wadanda suka ci nasara ==== [[Fayil:Rick_Mercer_Spread_the_Net.jpg|thumb|Rick Mercer yana yin fim a shekarar 2016 Yada sashin ƙalubalen ɗalibai na Net don ''Rahoton Rick Mercer'' a makarantar sakandare ta 2016, Makarantar Balmoral Hall]] {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Wanda ya ci nasara |- |2007 |Jami'ar Dalhousie |- |2008 |Jami'ar Dalhousie |- |2009 |Cibiyar Kwalejin John F. Ross da Kwarewa |- |2010 |Jami'ar Simon Fraser<br />Jami'ar Ottawa |- |2011 |Jami'ar Arewacin British Columbia Makarantar Sakandare ta Espanola <ref name="RMR 2011 winners">{{Cite web |title=Rick And The Spread The Net Student Challenge Winners |url=http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1861766971 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118163644/https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1861766971 |archive-date=2016-11-18 |website=[[CBC News]]}}</ref><br /><ref name="RMR 2011 winners" /> |- |2012 |McGill UniversityPeterborough Kwalejin Kwalejin da Makarantar Kwarewa Makarantar Firamare ta Lakefield<br /><br /> |- |2013 |Kwalejin Algonquin Makarantar Sakandare ta Almonte da Gundumar Makarantar Pleasantdale <ref name="algonquin" /><br /><br /> |- |2014 |Kwalejin Algonquin John F. Ross Kwalejin da Cibiyar Kwarewa Elbow Valley Elementary School<br /><br /> |- |2015 |Kwalejin Algonquin John F. Ross Kwalejin Kwalejin da Cibiyar Kwarewa ta Kew Beach Junior Public School <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rick Mercer and Plan Canada announce Spread the Net winners - Plan International Canada |url=https://plancanada.ca/Rick-Mercer-announces-Spread-the-Net-winners |access-date=2026-06-19 |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021055034/https://plancanada.ca/rick-mercer-announces-Spread-the-net-winners |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /><br /> |- |2016 |Kwalejin Algonquin Makarantar Balmoral Hall Makarantar Jama'a ta Macville Makarantar Sakandare ta Algoma<br /><br /><br /> |- |2017 |Langara CollegeFather Makarantar Sakandare ta Laraba Beaverly ElementaryR. Makarantar A. Riddell<br /><br /><br /> |- |2018 |Dalhousie Jami'ar Kincardine Makarantar Sakandare ta Gundumar Holy Names Makarantar Sakandaren Stewarttown<br /><br /><br /> |} == Dubi kuma == * Jeffrey Sachs * Babu Abin da Sai Net * Alkawarin Shekara Dubu * Malaria Ba za ta Ƙara ba == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.spreadthenet.org/ Shafin hukuma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625224044/http://spreadthenet.org/ |date=2013-06-25 }} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0d2538by0b3o8f38jonbod3reyw1ogz 0 158961 890120 862408 2026-08-01T12:39:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Chollet Hydroelectric''' tana da {{Convert|600|MW}}tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa da ke ci gaba da aiki a fadin [[Kogin Dja|Kogin Ngoko]], a [[Kamaru]] da [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]] a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]] . An bai wa Kamfanin China Gezhouba Group Company (CGGC) kwangilar ginin, a watan Mayu na 2021. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=4 May 2021 |title=Cameroon–Congo: China's CGGC wins the construction of the Chollet dam (600 MW) |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/cameroon-congo-chinas-cggc-wins-the-construction-of-the-chollet-dam-600-mw/ |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511133732/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/cameroon-congo-chinas-cggc-wins-the-construction-of-the-chollet-dam-600-mw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarki tana kudu maso gabashin Kamaru a kan iyaka da Jamhuriyar Congo, a [[Kogin Dja|ketaren Kogin Dja]] (Kogin Ngoko). Tashar wutar lantarki kuma tana kusa da iyakokin [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] da [[Gabon]] . <ref name="1R"/> == Bayani == A ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2010, Kamaru da Kongo suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna (MOU) don gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatts 600 a fadin Kogin Ngoko wanda ke kan iyakarsu. A wancan lokacin, ana sa ran kowace gwamnati za ta tara kashi hamsin cikin dari na kudaden ginin. An bai wa kamfanin Sinohydro, kamfanin injiniya da gini aikin kula da injiniya, saye, da gini (EPC). <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Albert Savana |date=10 May 2021 |title=Cameroon-Congo: the construction of the Chollet dam is structured |url=https://www.kapitalafrik.com/2021/05/10/cameroon-congo-the-construction-of-the-chollet-dam-is-structured/ |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=Kapital Afrik}}</ref> Lokacin da aka sake duba manufar a watan Oktoban 2020, an cire Sinohydro daga matsayin dan kwangilar EPC, saboda kasashen biyu ba za su iya tara kudin da kansu don biyan kudin madatsar ruwa ba, a karkashin yanayi na yanzu. An amince da sabon tsarin ''Ginawa, Mallaka, Aiki da Canja wurin'' (BOOT). An zabi kungiyar Gezhouba don gudanar da aikin, a karkashin sabon tsarin. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=29 October 2020 |title=Cameroon–Congo: The 600 MW hydroelectric project on the Dja/Ngoko river relaunched in 2021? |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/cameroon-congo-the-600-mw-hydroelectric-project-on-the-dja-ngoko-river-relaunched-in-2021/ |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511104534/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/cameroon-congo-the-600-mw-hydroelectric-project-on-the-dja-ngoko-river-relaunched-in-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ci gaba == A ƙarƙashin sabon tsarin, za a gudanar da aikin a matakai daban-daban. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Patrick Mulyungi |date=6 May 2021 |title=Chollet hydroelectric dam project to be carried out by CGGC |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/chollet-hydroelectric-dam-project-to-be-carried-out-by-cggc/ |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=Construction Review Online}}</ref> === Mataki na 1 === Wannan matakin ya ƙunshi nazarin yiwuwa, [[Binciken tasirin muhalli|nazarin kimanta tasirin muhalli]] da kuma kimantawa masu alaƙa. Kayayyakin more rayuwa da abin ya shafa sun haɗa da madatsar ruwa, tashar wutar lantarki, tashoshin wutar lantarki, layukan wutar lantarki na ƙaura da kuma hanyoyin da suka shafi hakan a ƙasashen biyu. <ref name="4R"/> === Mataki na 2 === Mataki na biyu ya shafi ainihin gina madatsar ruwa, tashar wutar lantarki da sauran ababen more rayuwa. Aikin ya kuma ƙunshi gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, layukan wutar lantarki masu ƙarfin lantarki da hanyoyin shiga a Kamaru da Kongo. Za a horar da ma'aikatan 'yan asalin ƙasashen biyu don gudanar da kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma kula da muhalli cikin dorewa a wannan matakin. <ref name="4R"/> === Mataki na 3 === Mataki na uku ya ƙunshi ƙaddamar da aikin da kuma gudanar da shi da kuma sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aikin. Ana sa ran gwamnatocin biyu za su kafa wani kamfanin kera motoci na musamman wanda zai mallaki kuma ya gudanar da tashar wutar lantarki, lokacin da Gezhouba Group ta miƙa shi ga gwamnatocin biyu. <ref name="4R" /> == Manazarta == a8hohs485ysijljf7ozvu3diyc6idqs 0 159390 890235 881315 2026-08-01T17:25:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890235 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Face Adrenalin Bloukrans Bridge Bungy.jpg|thumb|Tsallen Bungy na Gadar Bloukrans na Face Adrenalin]] '''Bloukrans Bridge Bungy''' yana daya daga cikin wuraren tsallen bungy na kasuwanci mafi tsayi a duniya a tsayin mita 216 sama da Kogin Bloukrans.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.extremescene.co.za/package-2.php |title=Extreme Scene ref Worlds Highest Bridge Bungy |access-date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208210029/http://www.extremescene.co.za/package-2.php |archive-date=8 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana nan a Gadar Bloukrans a kan Babban Titin N2 a kan iyakar tsakanin Eastern Cape da Western Cape a yankin Tsitsikamma na Garden Route a Afirka ta Kudu. Kamfanin Face Adrenalin ne ke gudanar da shi don kasuwanci tun shekarar 1997.<ref>[http://www.Faceadrenalin.com Face Adrenalin Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/product-detail?oid=334818&sn=Detail&pid=90676&Bloukrans-Bungy South African Tourism Official Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/gardenroute/bloukrans-bridge-bungee-jump/ SA Venues Website], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> == Tarihi == A shekarar 1990, Gadar Kogin Bloukrans ta zama gada ta farko a Afirka da aka fara amfani da ita don tsallen bungee. Kamfanin Face Adrenalin wanda Devan Tuohey ya kafa yana gudanar da tsallen bungy na Gadar Bloukrans ba tare da wani hatsari ba tun shekarar 1997.<ref>[http://www.mydestination.com/gardenroute/things-to-do/110216/bungee-jumping-at-the-bloukrans-bridge My Destination Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701121316/http://www.mydestination.com/gardenroute/things-to-do/110216/bungee-jumping-at-the-bloukrans-bridge |date=2012-07-01 }}, retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> == Tarihin Bajinta na Duniya == Mohr Keet ya kafa bajintar duniya ta Guinness World Record<ref>[http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-429989 CNN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219172035/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-429989 |date=2018-02-19 }}, retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> a matsayin mutum mafi tsufa da ya yi tsallen bungy lokacin da ya yi tsalle daga Gadar Bloukrans a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2010 yana da shekaru 96.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/97-year-old-mohr-keet-to-make-4th-bungy-jump/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/oldest_bungee_jumper_world_record_set_by_Mohr_Keet_101633.htm World Records Academy], retrieved 25 April 2012</ref> Scott Huntly ya kafa sabon tarihin duniya na yawan tsallen bungee mafi yawa a rana guda lokacin da ya yi tsalle daga Gadar Bloukrans sau 107 a cikin sa'o'i tara a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2011. Scott ya kammala wannan aiki ne don tara wa al'ummomin yankin kudade.<ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/most_bungee_jumps_in_a_day_Scott_Huntly_sets_world_record_112244.html World Records Academy], retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> Tarihin duniya na yawan tsallen bungy a cikin sa'o'i 24 ya kasance a hannun dan Afirka ta Kudu Bill Boshoff, wanda ya yi tsallen bungy sau 101 a cikin sa'o'i 14 da mintuna 23 a Bloukrans a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2002. Wannan tarihi ya ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa ranar 16 ga Agusta, 2008 lokacin da Mike Heard ya doke tarihin da tsallen bungy sau 103 a cikin sa'o'i 24 daga Gadar Harbour ta Auckland.<ref>[http://www.worldrecordsacademy.org/stunts/most_bungee_jumps_in_24_hours-world_record_set_by_Mike_Heard_80354.htm World Records Academy], retrieved 26 April 2012</ref> Veronica Dean-Boshoff ta kafa tarihin duniya na yin tsalle 19 a cikin sa'a guda a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2002. == Yawon bude ido mai dorewa == Masu gudanar da tsallen bungy na Gadar Bloukrans, wato Face Adrenalin, suna daukar ma'aikata mutum 60 daga al'ummomin da ke makwabtaka da su - Coldstream, Thornham, Storms River, Covie, da kuma The Crags - a matsayin wani bangare na gudanar da tsallen bungy na Gadar Bloukrans.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/bloukrans-bungy-lifeblood-of-a-community/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 10 May 2012</ref> An biya kaso mai tsoka na kudaden shiga ga asusun amana na al'ummar yankin tun shekarar 1998.<ref>[http://www.thistourismweek.co.za/newsletters/bloukrans-bungy-lifeblood-of-a-community/ This Tourism Week], retrieved 10 May 2012</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.FaceAdrenalin.com Yanar gizon Face Adrenalin] soblnhepfc64abdwfy221c31op8h2jh 0 159425 890400 864917 2026-08-02T04:51:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pfam_box|Symbol=UPAR_LY6|Name=u-PAR/Ly-6 domain|image=Cd59b.png|width=|caption=[[X-ray crystallography#Biological macromolecular crystallography|Crystallographic structure]] of non-[[glycosylation|glycosylated]] human [[CD59]].<ref name="pmid17671359">{{PDB|2J8B}}; {{cite journal | vauthors = Leath KJ, Johnson S, Roversi P, Hughes TR, Smith RA, Mackenzie L, Morgan BP, Lea SM | title = High-resolution structures of bacterially expressed soluble human CD59 | journal = Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications | volume = 63 | issue = Pt 8 | pages = 648–52 | date = August 2007 | pmid = 17671359 | pmc = 2335151 | doi = 10.1107/S1744309107033477 }}</ref>|Pfam=PF00021|InterPro=IPR001526|SMART=|Prosite=PDOC00756|SCOP=1erg|CATH=1erg|TCDB=|OPM family=|OPM protein=|CDD=cd00117|PDB={{PDB3|1cds}} :28-95 {{PDB3|1cdr}} :28-95 {{PDB3|1cdq}} :28-95 {{PDB3|1erg}} :28-95 {{PDB3|1ywh}}C:25-99 {{PDB3|1vye}}A:23-80}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |yankin u-PAR / Ly-6 |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Cd59b.png|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">[[X-ray crystallography#Biological macromolecular crystallography|Tsarin crystallographic]] na [[CD59]] na mutum wanda ba [[Glycosylation|glycosylated]] ba.<ref name="pmid17671359"><span class="plainlinks">[[Protein Data Bank|PDB]]: [https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2J8B 2J8B]</span>&#x200B;; </ref></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; background-color: light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important; color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;" |Alamar | class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;" |UPAR_LY6 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;" |[[Pfam]] | class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;" |[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00021 PF00021] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;" |[[InterPro]] | class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;" |[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001526 IPR001526] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;" |[[PROSITE|Mai Girma]] | class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;" |[https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00756 PDOC00756] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;" |[[CATH database|CATH]] | class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;" |[http://www.cathdb.info/pdb/1erg 1erg] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;" |[[Structural Classification of Proteins|SCOP2]] | class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;" |[http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1erg 1erg]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} / [https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1erg SCOPe] / [http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1erg SUPFAM] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;" |[[Conserved Domain Database|CDD]] | class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;" |[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=cd00117 cd00117] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;" |Tsarin furotin da ke akwai: |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;" |PDB | class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;" |<span class="plainlinks">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/&#x3C;span&#x20;class=][https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1cdq 1cdq]</span>" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">1cds:28-95 <span class="plainlinks">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1cdr 1cdr]</span>:28-95 2cdq:28-95 Ierg:28-95 YWCC:25-99 1vyeA:23-80 IPR001526 PF00021 (ECOD; PDBsum) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;" |AlphaFold | class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/InterPro/IPR001526/alphafold/ IPR001526] * [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00021/alphafold PF00021] </div> |} |} '''Yankin LU''' (Ly-6 antigen / uPAR) yanki ne na furotin da aka kiyaye ta hanyar juyin halitta na superfamily na furotin mai yatsun hannu uku. Ana samun wannan yankin a cikin yankunan extracellular na masu karɓar sel-surface kuma a cikin ko dai GPI-anchored ko ɓoyayyen sunadarai na globular, misali iyalin Ly-6, CD59, da Sgp-2 .<ref name="kessler_2017">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kessler P, Marchot P, Silva M, Servent D |date=August 2017 |title=The three-finger toxin fold: a multifunctional structural scaffold able to modulate cholinergic functions |journal=Journal of Neurochemistry |volume=142 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=7–18 |doi=10.1111/jnc.13975 |pmid=28326549 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="loughner_2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Loughner CL, Bruford EA, McAndrews MS, Delp EE, Swamynathan S, Swamynathan SK |date=April 2016 |title=Organization, evolution and functions of the human and mouse Ly6/uPAR family genes |journal=Human Genomics |volume=10 |pages=10 |doi=10.1186/s40246-016-0074-2 |pmc=4839075 |pmid=27098205 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A variety of GPI-linked cell-surface glycoproteins are composed of one or more copies of a conserved LU domain of about 100 amino-acid residues.<ref name="PUB00002692">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Behrendt N, Ploug M, Patthy L, Houen G, Blasi F, Danø K |date=April 1991 |title=The ligand-binding domain of the cell surface receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=266 |issue=12 |pages=7842–7 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(20)89526-X |pmid=1850423 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="PUB00002796">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ploug M, Kjalke M, Rønne E, Weidle U, Høyer-Hansen G, Danø K |date=August 1993 |title=Localization of the disulfide bonds in the NH2-terminal domain of the cellular receptor for human urokinase-type plasminogen activator. A domain structure belonging to a novel superfamily of glycolipid-anchored membrane proteins |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=268 |issue=23 |pages=17539–46 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85366-8 |pmid=8394346 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Among these proteins, most contain only a single LU domain, though small numbers of exceptions are known; well-studied family member uPAR has three tandem LU domains.<ref name="loughner_2016"/> == Tsarinsa == Wannan yanki ya ninka cikin takardun beta guda biyar, tsarin da aka saba da shi ga dangin furotin na yatsunsu uku. Yankin yawanci yana ƙunshe da raguwar cysteine guda goma da aka adana sosai da ke cikin haɗin disulfide guda biyar, kodayake wasu misalai kamar biyu daga cikin yankuna uku na uPAR suna da ƙasa.<ref name="loughner_2016"/> == Misalan == Baya ga uPAR, wasu masu karɓa tare da yankunan LU sun haɗa da membobin mai karɓar beta mai karɓar (TGF-beta), kamar mai karɓar activin nau'in 2; <ref name="greenwald_1999">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Greenwald J, Fischer WH, Vale WW, Choe S |date=January 1999 |title=Three-finger toxin fold for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor serine kinase |journal=Nature Structural Biology |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=18–22 |doi=10.1038/4887 |pmid=9886286 |s2cid=26301441}}</ref> da mai karɓar furotin morphogenetic na ƙashi, nau'in IA. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kirsch T, Sebald W, Dreyer MK |date=June 2000 |title=Crystal structure of the BMP-2-BRIA ectodomain complex |journal=Nature Structural Biology |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=492–6 |doi=10.1038/75903 |pmid=10881198 |s2cid=19403233}}</ref> Sauran sunadarai na yankin LU sune ƙananan sunadarai irin su CD59 antigen, LYNX1, SLURP1, da [[SLURP2]].<ref name="kessler_2017"/><ref name="galat_2008">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Galat A |date=November 2008 |title=The three-fingered protein domain of the human genome |journal=Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences |volume=65 |issue=21 |pages=3481–93 |doi=10.1007/s00018-008-8473-8 |pmc=11131612 |pmid=18821057 |s2cid=19931506}}</ref> === Ƙananan iyalai === * Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor InterPro: IPR003631 * [[Cell-surface glycoprotein Ly-6/CD59]] InterPro: IPR003632 === Protein na mutum da ke dauke da wannan yanki === ARS; CD177; CD59; [[LY6H]]<nowiki>"]}}' href="./LY6D" id="mwXQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="LY6D" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">LY6D; LY6E; LY 6H; LYNX1; </nowiki>[[LYPD2]]; LYPD3; [[LYPD4]]; LYPD5; [[LYPD6]]; PLAUR; PSCA; [[SLURP2]]; SLURP1; [[SPACA4]]; [[TEX101]]; == Ayyuka == Yawancin yankin LU da ke dauke da sunadarai suna da hannu a cikin siginar cholinergic da ɗaure masu karɓar acetylcholine, musamman haɗa aikin su da hanyar da ta dace ta 3FTx. <ref name="kessler_2017" /> <ref name="loughner_2016" /><ref name="tsetlin_2015">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tsetlin VI |date=February 2015 |title=Three-finger snake neurotoxins and Ly6 proteins targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: pharmacological tools and endogenous modulators |journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=109–23 |doi=10.1016/j.tips.2014.11.003 |pmid=25528970}}</ref> An yi imanin cewa mambobin iyalin Ly6/uPAR sune kakannin juyin halitta na guba mai yatsunsu uku (3FTx). <ref name="fry_2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fry BG |date=March 2005 |title=From genome to "venome": molecular origin and evolution of the snake venom proteome inferred from phylogenetic analysis of toxin sequences and related body proteins |journal=Genome Research |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=403–20 |doi=10.1101/gr.3228405 |pmc=551567 |pmid=15741511}}</ref> na'urar sunadarai na LU, kamar su CD59 antigen, suna da ayyuka masu kyau a cikin [[Tsarin rigakafi]].<ref name="tsetlin_2015" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|32em}}{{InterPro content|IPR001526}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o001uet2crcgzz7igpy8e46jnm3cwr8 0 159436 890472 881966 2026-08-02T08:53:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zanzibar Fasinjoji da RoRo Ferry Terminal Project''' (wanda aka fi sani da Maruhubi Ferry Terminal System Project) haɗin gwiwa jama'a ne (PPP) ci gaban ababen more rayuwa a Maruhubi (Mpigaduri), a Tsibirin Unguja, Zanzibar, Tanzania . Kamfanin Zanzibar Ferry Development Company (ZF Devco b.v.) <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 6, 2025 |title=ZF Devco |url=https://www.zfdevco.com/ |website=ZF Devco}}</ref> ne ke jagorantar aikin tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin juyin juya halin Zanzibar ta hanyar Zanzibar Ports Corporation. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zanzibar Ports Cooperation |url=https://www.zpc.go.tz/ |website=www.zpc.go.tz }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yana daga cikin shirin gwamnati na zamani don inganta sufuri na teku da inganta haɗin kai tsakanin Zanzibar da Tanzania. == Tarihi == Gwamnati ta ware kusan dala miliyan 250 don sabon tashar jiragen ruwa a Maruhubi don sauƙaƙa matsalar a Malindi kuma ya bi ka'idodin duniya. Hukumomi suna sa ran cewa nan da shekara ta 2027 duk ayyukan fasinja da Malindi ke sarrafawa a halin yanzu za a sake komawa sabon tashar a Maruhubi. == Zane, Ci gaba da Ƙungiya == Ana haɓaka aikin ne a ƙarƙashin Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu (PPP) . A farkon 2024, Kamfanin Zanzibar Ports Corporation ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar izini tare da ZF Devco b.v., ƙungiyar kamfanonin Dutch da Tanzanian, don gina, tallafawa, tsarawa, da kuma gudanar da sabon kayan aiki. Clyde &amp;amp; Co sun ba da sabis na ba da shawara na shari'a don yarjejeniyar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2024 |title=Clyde & Co advises ZF Devco on development of a new Passenger Ferry and Ro-Ro Terminal in Zanzibar |url=https://www.clydeco.com/en/about/news/2024/02/clyde-co-advises-zf-devco-on-new-passenger-ferry |access-date=6 October 2025 |publisher=Clyde & Co |archive-date=11 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250911154112/https://www.clydeco.com/en/about/news/2024/02/clyde-co-advises-zf-devco-on-new-passenger-ferry |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar ƙira da tsarawa sun haɗa da C Concept Design b.v., Rebel, <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2024 |title=Adviseur en investeerder voor de toekomst &#124; Rebel |url=https://rebelgroup.com/nl/ |website=Rebelgroup}}</ref> Delta Marine Consultants, <ref>{{Cite web |title=DMC &#124; |url=https://www.dmc.nl/ |website=www.dmc.nl}}</ref> OrangeGaia, <ref>{{Cite web |title=OrangeGaia - Invest with Purpose |url=https://orangegaia.com/ |website=orangegaia.com}}</ref> Borgh Go, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Borgh Go |url=https://borghgo.com/ |website=Borgh Go}}</ref> CDR, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - CDR International |url=https://cdr-international.nl/}}</ref> MultiStruct, <ref>{{Cite web |title=MultiStruct Tanzania Ltd (MSL) |url=https://www.multistruct.co.tz/}}</ref> Songoro Marine Transport, [3] da Kengo TZ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Songoro Marine Transport LTD – Specialists in shipbuilding & marine construction |url=https://songoromarine.com/ |website=Songoro Marine Transport LTD}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kengo Strategic Consulting Tanzania |url=https://www.kengo.africa/ |website=Kengo}}</ref> Babban shirin yana da tashar fasinja, RoRo (roll-on / roll-off) tashar motar, ayyukan al'umma, otal da wuraren karɓar baƙi, nune-nunen da kayan sayarwa. Abubuwan dorewa kamar makamashi na Hasken rana, riƙe ruwa, da tattara ruwan sama an haɗa su cikin shirin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zanzibar Ferry and RoRo Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/projects/zanzibar-ferry-and-roro-terminal |access-date=6 October 2025 |publisher=C Concept Design BV}}</ref> Cibiyar Jane Goodall (JGI) a Zanzibar ta taimaka wajen sake komawa mangrove da kiyayewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=ZF Devco and Jane Goodall Institute complete successful mangrove conservation relocation in Zanzibar |url=https://zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-jane-goodall-institute-complete-successful-mangrove-conservation-relocation-in-zanzibar |access-date=6 October 2025 |publisher=ZF Devco}}</ref> == Yankin aikin da Matakai == Shafin ci gaban ya rufe kusan hekta 29, gami da hekta 19 na ƙasar da aka sake dawowa, wanda ke arewacin Stone Town a Maruhubi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ZF Devco and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar unveil partnership for the development of the Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.zfdevco.com/press/zf-devco-and-the-revolutionary-government-of-zanzibar-rgov-unveil-partnership-for-the-development-of-the-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal-in-zanzibar-tanzania |access-date=6 October 2025 |publisher=ZF Devco}}</ref> Mataki na A (Mataki na A.1, Mataki naA.2 da Mataki na 3), yana mai da hankali kan mahimman kayan aikin ruwa: tashar jirgin ruwa ta fasinja (kimanin 22,000 m2), tashar RoRo (kimani 4,000 m2), da kuma wuraren al'umma. Ana sa ran matakai na baya don ƙara cibiyar dabaru, wuraren baje kolin, ofisoshi, otal-otal, siyarwa, da kuma yiwuwar kayan aiki don Takis na ruwa da Jiragen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2024 |title=Zanzibar signs US$400 million deal for passenger port construction |url=https://abdas.org/2024/01/31/zanzibar-signs-us400-million-deal-for-passenger-port-construction/ |access-date=6 October 2025 |publisher=African Business Development Association}}</ref> Jimlar saka hannun jari a duk matakai an kiyasta tsakanin dala miliyan 350 da dala miliyan 400, tare da Mataki A wanda aka kimanta a kusan dala miliyan 250. == Gine-gine == Ginin ya fara ne a hukumance a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024 tare da fara Mataki na A.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2024 |title=Construction Begins on Zanzibar Passenger and RoRo Ferry Terminal |url=https://www.ccdx.nl/news/construction-begins-on-zanzibar-passenger-and-roro-ferry-terminal |access-date=6 October 2025 |publisher=C Concept Design BV}}</ref> An tsara jimlar lokacin gini a watanni 36, tare da kammalawar da ake tsammani a shekara ta 2027. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] thr2x4lsqxiwmj1409y31bflkhno9ss 0 159471 890118 865035 2026-08-01T12:34:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Kalaat Beni Abbes''''' (L-474) ( Arabic ) tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta jigilar ruwa ta ruwa <ref name="San Giusto Class">{{Cite web |title=ENHANCED SAN GIUSTO CLASS |url=https://www.fincantieri.com/en/products-and-services/naval-vessels/enhanced-san-giusto-class/ |access-date=14 November 2018 |publisher=Fincantieri |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108041402/https://www.fincantieri.com/en/products-and-services/naval-vessels/enhanced-san-giusto-class/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta [[Sojojin Ruwa na ƙasar Aljeriya|Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Aljeriya]] . Jirgin da kamfanin Fincantieri na Italiya ya gina a matsayin wani babban sigar San GiorgioSan Giorgio . Jirgin yana da tsawon {{Convert|143|m|ft}} tsayi da {{Convert|21.5|m|ft}} faɗi. <ref name="San Giusto Class" /> Jirgin yana da bene mai hawa da sauka a kan bene mai hawa biyu, wanda ke da wuraren saukar jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu a gefen da kuma bayan jirgin. An ba da umarnin a shekarar 2011, kuma Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Aljeriya ta ba da umarnin a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2014. Bikin farko na jigilar kaya da kuma nadin jiragen ruwa - ya faru ne a ranar 28 ga Maris, 2015 a gaban Babban Hafsan Hafsoshin ANP da Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Aljeriya. == Ƙarfi == [[Fayil:160522-N-XT273-019_(27150112931).jpg|left|thumb|Kallon jirgin ruwan, 2016]] Jirgin yana da tashar jiragen ruwa a baya wanda ke ba shi damar harba har zuwa jiragen ruwa uku na sauka. Gefen tashar jiragen ruwa na jirgin yana da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu waɗanda ke iya harba jiragen ruwa guda uku na sauka, da kuma jiragen ruwa guda biyu masu sauri na kwamando. Jirgin kuma yana da gareji don manyan tankuna 15 da kuma wurin zama na sojoji 440 da kuma ma'aikata 150. Jirgin kuma yana ɗauke da asibiti mai gadaje 60 da kuma wuraren motsa jiki. == Manazarta == psbkpsdm8sdqfo5o75omjtvc4opfhvx 0 159634 890272 866528 2026-08-01T20:04:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Um El Faroud''''' ta kasance 5,390 Tankar mai kirar mallakar Libya . Bayan fashewar iskar gas yayin aikin gyara a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1995, an yi mata tiyata a gabar tekun [[Malta]] a matsayin wurin jan hankalin ruwa da kuma nutsewa . Sunan ''Um El Faroud'' yana nufin ''Uwar Abbundance'' == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Plaque_commémorative_pour_les_victimes_de_l'explosion_du_Um_El_Faroud.jpg|thumb|Allunan da ke kan jirgin ruwan da ke tunawa da fashewar]] An gina jirgin a shekarar 1969 a Smith Dock Co. Ltd, Middlesbrough, Ingila kuma mallakar kamfanin sufuri na Janar na ƙasa da ƙasa, [[Tripoli]] (GMNTC). An kimanta ta a matsayin 3,148 GRT da 5,390 DWT . Ta kasance tana aiki tsakanin Italiya da Libya tana ɗauke da mai mai tsafta har zuwa ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1995. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1995, an kwantar da ita a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Malta mai lamba 3. A daren ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, wani fashewa ya faru a cikin tankin tsakiya na lamba 3, wanda ya kashe ma'aikatan jiragen ruwa tara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Um El Faroud |url=http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_malta_wreck_faroud.html |access-date=2008-09-14 |website=Divesite Directory |archive-date=2020-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115202919/http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_malta_wreck_faroud.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jirgin ruwan ya sami lalacewar tsarinsa, kuma bayan bincike da bincike, an ɗauke shi a matsayin wani babban koma-baya. Ta zauna a tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Valletta]] tsawon shekaru uku har zuwa 1998, lokacin da aka yanke shawarar cewa mafi kyawun zaɓi don amfani da sauran ƙimarta shine a ja ta zuwa teku a jefa ta a cikin ruwa a matsayin wani reef na wucin gadi. == Nutsewa == tarkacen yana zaune a tsaye a kan yashi mai yashi a kudu maso yammacin Wied iż-Żurrieq. ''Um El Faroud'' tana {{Convert|115|m|ft}} tsayi. <ref> {{Cite web |title=Um El Faroud |url=http://www.visitmalta.com/en/info/umelfaroud |access-date=2008-09-14 |website=Visit Malta}}</ref> Jirgin ruwan yana da katako mai tsawon {{Convert|15.5|m|ft}}, da tsayi daga keel zuwa saman rami mai kimanin {{Convert|22|m|ft}} . <ref name="mmf2008">{{Cite web |title=Um El -Faroud Project |url=http://www.marinefoundation.org/wrecksumelfaroud.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141138/http://www.marinefoundation.org/wrecksumelfaroud.htm |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=2009-08-30 |website=Malta Marine Foundation}}</ref> Zurfin zuwa saman gadar {{Convert|18|m|ft}} da {{Convert|25|m|ft}} zuwa babban bene . Ƙasa tana tsaye a mita 36. Bayan wata mummunar guguwa a lokacin hunturu na 2005/6, jirgin ya karye gida biyu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Kutse cikin jirgin yana yiwuwa idan aka samu damar shiga ɗakin injin da kuma wasu ƙananan ɗakunan da ke kewaye a ɓangaren baya da kuma sassan ɓangaren ajiya na tsakiya da gaba na jirgin. Duk da cewa jirgin ruwan ya kasance sabo, ya shahara da sauri ga kifaye, ciki har da nau'ikan kifaye kamar tuna, jacks, da barracuda. Masu nutsewa a cikin ruwa na iya cin karo da wasu squid da barracudas a bayan jirgin . == Manazarta == 2etyae04ormbphre0njvfgtydziio4u 0 159830 890388 868171 2026-08-02T03:05:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890388 wikitext text/x-wiki Yaduwar cutar [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]] ta 2019 tana nufin karuwar duniya a cikin adadin mutanen da aka ruwaito, dangane da 2018.<ref name="Fore">{{Cite web |last=Fore |first=Henrietta H. |last2=Ghebreyesus |first2=Tedros Adhanom |date=15 April 2019 |title=Measles cases are up nearly 300% from last year. This is a global crisis |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/15/opinions/measles-cases-rise-global-crisis-fore-ghebreyesus/index.html |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, yawan mutanen da aka ruwaito a duk duniya sun wakilci karuwar kashi 300% daga yawan wadanda aka gani a shekarar da ta gabata, wanda ya zama sama da mutane 110,000 da aka ruwaitan a cikin watanni uku na farko na shekara ta 2019. <ref name="Fore" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Soucheray |first=Stephanie |date=August 12, 2019 |title=Global measles outbreaks make 2019 a record-setting year |url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2019/08/global-measles-outbreaks-make-2019-record-setting-year |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=CIDRAP |language=en}}</ref> A farkon rabin 2019, [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta karɓi rahotanni na kamuwa da cutar kyanda 364,808 daga ƙasashe 182, sama da kashi 182% daga lokaci guda na 2018 lokacin da aka ba da rahoton kamuwa da kyanda 129,239 daga ƙasashe 181.  == Kasashen da abin ya shafa == A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], an saita yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar kyanda don kaiwa tsawon shekaru 25 a tsakiyar shekara, <ref name="Cohen">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Elizabeth |date=15 April 2019 |title=Measles reaches 2nd-highest level in U.S. in 25 years |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2019/04/15/number-reported-measles-US-2019-WHO-global-cases-New-York-outbreak-vaccination/stories/201904150128 |publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette}}</ref> farawa da babban taro na shari'o'i a Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific sannan wani a New York, <ref name="Scutti">{{Cite web |last=Scutti |first=Susan |date=30 January 2019 |title=Measles outbreaks in Washington and New York challenge public health systems |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/30/health/measles-outbreak-new-york-washington-update-bn/index.html |publisher=CNN}}</ref> da kuma a jihar [[California]] ta Amurka tare da keɓewa biyu da aka ba da umarni a kwalejoji biyu a Los Angeles a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2019. <ref name="Drash">{{Cite web |last=Drash |first=Wayne |date=28 April 2019 |title=Measles quarantine issued at two California universities |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/25/health/california-universities-measles-quarantine/index.html |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Sauran ƙasashen da ke ba da rahoton karuwar yawa sun haɗa da [[Brazil]], Najeriya, [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], [[Indiya]], da [[Filipin|Philippines]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-09 |title=Global Measles Outbreaks |url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/globalmeaslesoutbreaks.htm |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Measles - NYC Health |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/about/press/pr2019/measles-outbreak-now-at-121-cases.page |website=www1.nyc.gov |access-date=2026-06-25 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423174307/https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/about/press/pr2019/measles-outbreak-now-at-121-cases.page |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Cohen" /> Koyaya, mafi girma kuma mafi haɗari na cutar kyanda a cikin 2019 ya faru ne a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Sauran sanannun wuraren barkewar cutar sun hada da barkewar cutar kyanda ta Kuala Koh ta 2019, barkewar cutar sankara ta Philippines ta 2019 a Asiya; barkewar cutar cutar kyanda a Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific ta 2019 da barkewar kyanda ta New York ta 2019 a Amurka; barkewar cutar kayanda ta New Zealand ta 2019 2020, da barkewar kwayar cutar Samoa ta 2019 a Oceania.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fong |first=Loh |title=Another six measles cases confirmed in Kg Kuala Koh, bringing total to 43 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/06/20/another-six-measles-cases-confirmed-in-kg-kuala-koh-bringing-total-to-43/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=The Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beaubien |first=Jason |title=The Philippines Is Fighting One Of The World's Worst Measles Outbreaks |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/05/23/725726094/the-philippines-is-fighting-one-of-the-worlds-worst-measles-outbreaks |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Galvin |first=Gaby |title=Measles Outbreak Hits 40 Cases |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/articles/2019-01-31/40-measles-cases-in-outbreak-in-pacific-northwest |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=US News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Soucheray |first=Stephanie |date=September 3, 2019 |title=US measles cases hit 1,234 as Brooklyn outbreak called over |url=https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2019/09/us-measles-cases-hit-1234-brooklyn-outbreak-called-over |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Forani |first=Jonathon |date=December 30, 2019 |title=Samoa ends state of emergency after 5,667 cases of measles |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/article/samoa-ends-state-of-emergency-after-5667-cases-of-measles/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=CTV News}}</ref> == Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa == A wasu ƙasashe, wannan barkewar ta haifar da rashin samun damar yin amfani da allurar rigakafin kyanda, yayin da a wasu ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar adawa da allurar.<ref name="Fore" /> A matsayin daya daga cikin irin wannan misali, Sakataren Lafiya Francisco Duque III ya danganta barkewar cutar a Philippines da rage amincewa da aikin rigakafin gwamnati saboda jayayya game da gudanar da allurar rigakafin dengue. Cutar ta sa Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya kauce daga shakku na baya game da allurar rigakafi, da kuma dagewa cewa dole ne iyaye su yi allurar rigakawa ga yaransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vazquez |first=Maegan |date=April 26, 2019 |title=Trump now says parents must vaccinate children in face of measles outbreak |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/26/politics/donald-trump-measles-vaccines/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref> Har ila yau, Gwamnatin Trump ta dauki matsayi mai karfi na buƙatar allurar rigakafi, tare da Likitan Janar Jerome Adams na Trump yana kira ga iyakancewa kan keɓancewa ga allurar rigakawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2019 |title=US Surgeon General visits Washington as measles outbreak spreads |url=https://www.king5.com/article/news/health/us-surgeon-general-visits-washington-as-measles-outbreak-spreads/281-e75eea2f-5889-4312-a218-19c58e6b3c37 |website=KING}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Rashin jinin rigakafi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{2019 measles outbreaks}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sz2fxm6n6r017ew4iws46yucrfmz0fy 0 159843 890214 868229 2026-08-01T15:39:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890214 wikitext text/x-wiki Tick-Borne Disease Alliance ('''TBDA''') wata kungiya ce ta Amurka ba don riba ba wacce aka sadaukar da ita don wayar da kan jama'a, tallafawa shirye-shirye da inganta shawarwari don neman magani ga cututtukan da ke dauke da ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da Lyme . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About TBDA |url=http://tbdalliance.org/about-tbda |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409014041/http://www.tbdalliance.org/about-tbda |archive-date=April 9, 2012 |access-date=30 July 2013}} </ref> An kafa TBDA a cikin bazara na 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TBDA |url=https://nycmedtech.info/tbda/ |access-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> ta hanyar Staci Grodin, wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Turn the Corner, da David Roth, wanda ya kirkiro Tick-Borne Disease Initiative. Roth ya bayyana cewa bai san komai ba game da [[Ciwon Lyme|Cutar Lyme]] ko wasu cututtukan da ke dauke da kwari har sai an gano shi da Lyme da kansa, wanda ya motsa shi ya wayar da kan jama'a da kara kudade don gwajin bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TBDA's David Roth on NBC New York Nightly News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBSFI5QObkU |access-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> == Ciwo a baya don warkarwa == A cikin 2013, TBDA ta ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin Bite Back for a Cure, kamfen ɗin ƙasa na ƙasa don gina tallafi don yaki da cututtukan da ke dauke da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a da kuma tallafawa binciken cututtukani. Candice Accola, tauraruwar The Vampire Diaries, mai magana ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Candice Accola Launches Bite Back for a Cure, Tick-Borne Disease Alliance’s National Grassroots Campaign to Fight Devastating Tick-Borne Diseases |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/actress_candice_accola_launches_bite_back_for_a_cure_tick_borne_disease_alliance_s_national_grassroots_campaign_to_fight_devastating_tick_borne_diseases/prweb10910541.htm |access-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> == Tattara kudade == TBDA ta gudanar da bikin farko na shekara-shekara a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 2012, a Chelsea Piers a Birnin New York. Fa'idar ta taimaka wajen tallafawa wayar da kan jama'a ta TBDA da kamfen ɗin bayar da shawarwari, kuma ta taimaka wajen tara kuɗi don bincike don neman ainihin kayan aikin bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The New Tick-Borne Disease Alliance |url=http://lyme-aware.org/news/lyme-news/1329-the-new-tick-borne-disease-alliance.html |access-date=5 August 2013}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2013, TBDA ta gudanar da Tick-Borne Disease Alliance 2nd Annual Benefit, kuma a Chelsea Piers. Candice Accola ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Candice Accola MCs Annual Tick-Borne Disease Alliance Benefit |url=http://hollywoodlife.com/2013/05/03/candice-accola-lyme-disease-tbda-interview/ |access-date=5 August 2013}}</ref> == Gudanarwa == A ranar 11 ga Maris, 2013, TBDA ta dauki bakuncin wani taro tare da Sanatocin Amurka Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) da Majalisa Chris Gibson (R-NY) a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Weill Cornell a Birnin New York don tattauna yaki da annobar cututtukan da ke yaduwa, gami da cutar Lyme. Gillibrand, Blumenthal, Dean na Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Weill Cornell Dr. [[Laurie Glimcher|Laurie H. Glimcher]] da co-shugaban TBDA David Roth sun kasance masu magana da suka fi dacewa a taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, U.S. Sen. Richard Blumenthal, Tick-Borne Disease Alliance (TBDA), and Weill Cornell Medical College Host NYC Forum on Silent Epidemic of Lyme and Tick-Borne Diseases on Monday, March |url=https://weill.cornell.edu/tickborne/ |access-date=5 August 2013}}</ref> == Haɗuwa == A watan Fabrairun 2014, TBDA ta haɗu da Lyme Research Alliance na Stamford don samar da sabon sadaka, Global Lyme Alliance . An soki GLA don inganta binciken kimiyya na [[Cutar Lyme mai tsanani]], tare da David Gorski na Kimiyya-Based Medicine yana sharhi kan Alliance "ya bayyana sosai a cikin cutar Lyme mara kyau".<ref name="scie_Robe">{{Cite web |last=Gorski, David |date= |title=Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. promotes an awful epidemiology study linking vaccines and neurological conditions from…Yale? {{!}} Science-Based Medicine |url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/robert-f-kennedy-jr-promotes-an-awful-epidemiology-study-linking-vaccines-and-neurological-conditions-from-yale/ |access-date=22 April 2021 |website=Science-Based Medicine |quote=Global}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * http://tbdalliance.org/about-tbda {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712031622/http://tbdalliance.org/about-tbda |date=2013-07-12 }} * https://nycmedtech.info/tbda/ * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBSFI5QObkU * [https://www.prweb.com/releases/actress_candice_accola_launches_bite_back_for_a_cure_tick_borne_disease_alliance_s_national_grassroots_campaign_to_fight_devastating_tick_borne_diseases/prweb10910541.htm PRWeb] * http://lyme-aware.org/news/lyme-news/1329-the-new-tick-borne-disease-alliance.html * http://hollywoodlife.com/2013/05/03/candice-accola-lyme-disease-tbda-interview/ * https://weill.cornell.edu/tickborne/ [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9m52z8ff0mskv86193n5obi9n199mjw 0 159848 890367 868235 2026-08-02T00:52:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890367 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ana kiyaye watan wayar da kan jama'a game da [[Ciwon Lyme|Cutar Lyme]] a kowace watan Mayu a duniya, musamman a ƙasashe inda cutar Lyme ta zama ruwan dare.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-06 |title=May is "Lyme Disease Awareness Month" |url=https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/daphne-jordan/may-lyme-disease-awareness-month |access-date=2020-06-18 |website=NY State Senate |language=en |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621043317/https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/daphne-jordan/may-lyme-disease-awareness-month |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=OADC/DNEM |title=CDC Online Newsroom - Statement: May 20, 2011 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2011/s0520_lymedisease.html |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> Cutar Lyme ta samo asali ne daga kwayar cutar da ke dauke da ita, kuma '''Watan Sanarwar Cututtukan Lyme''' ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen da aka yi niyyar rigakafi da kuma ganowa da wuri na yiwuwar cutar Lyme.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=CDC newsroom |date=2019-04-22 |title=Prevention is key in fight against Lyme and other tickborne diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/ |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> == Cutar Lyme == Kasancewar cutar Lyme suna ƙaruwa cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharareh |first=Nasser |last2=Sabounchi |first2=Nasim S. |last3=Roome |first3=Amanda |last4=Spathis |first4=Rita |last5=Garruto |first5=Ralph M. |year=2017 |title=Model-based risk assessment and public health analysis to prevent Lyme disease |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=4 |issue=11 |doi=10.1098/rsos.170841 |pmc=5717649 |pmid=29291075 |doi-access=free}}</ref> wanda ake sa ran ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumler |first=Stephen |last2=Elman |first2=Noel |last3=Smith |first3=Rebecca |date=2015-05-06 |title=Lyme Disease Awareness Month – Spotlight on TBDRP FY18 Lyme Disease Initiatives |url=https://cdmrp.army.mil/tbdrp/research_highlights/20lyme_disease_awareness_highlight |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704223325/https://cdmrp.army.mil/tbdrp/research_highlights/20lyme_disease_awareness_highlight |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |access-date=2020-07-04 |website=Congressional Directed Research Programmes}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka sun ba da rahoton cewa cutar Lyme ita ce ta biyar mafi yawanci a cikin jerin cututtukan da ake sanar da su a Amurka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Announcements: Lyme Disease Awareness Month — May 2015 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6416a7.htm |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control]]}}</ref> Dukkanin kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a da kamfen ɗin masu ba da kiwon lafiya sun wanzu waɗanda ke da niyyar rage abin da ya faru na cutar Lyme. == Bikin cutar Lyme == Ana kiyaye watan wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar Lyme a watan Mayu a [[Kanada]] <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Hansard Transcripts 2017-May-04 {{!}} Legislative Assembly of Ontario |url=https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/house-documents/parliament-41/session-2/2017-05-04/hansard |access-date=2020-07-04 |website=www.ola.org |language=en}}</ref> da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Council declares May as Lyme Disease Awareness Month |url=https://county.pictou.ns.ca/news/council-declares-may-as-lyme-disease-awareness-month/ |access-date=2020-06-18 |website=Municipality of Pictou County |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619044211/https://county.pictou.ns.ca/news/council-declares-may-as-lyme-disease-awareness-month/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> da kuma wasu ƙasashe inda cutar Lyme ta zama ruwan dare. [4] <ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyme Disease Awareness at Ness Bridge - whatsonhighlands |url=https://whatsonhighlands.com/features/2393-lyme-disease-awareness-at-ness-bridge |access-date=2020-07-04 |website=whatsonhighlands.com |archive-date=2020-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704174538/https://whatsonhighlands.com/features/2393-lyme-disease-awareness-at-ness-bridge |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana kuma kiyaye Ranar Sanar da Cututtukan Lyme a ranar 1 ga Mayu a kowace shekara. A watan Mayu, ana iya tattauna rigakafin cutar Lyme, wayar da kan jama'a ko bincike a majalisun dokoki ko majalisar dattijai.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> Ana bayar da rahoton bayanan cutar Lyme ciki har da shawarwarin rigakafi a cikin labarai na gida da na ƙasa a yankunan da abin ya shafa, tare da wasu kungiyoyi da ke ba da kayan aikin kafofin watsa labarai na dijital.<ref name=":5"/> == Abubuwan da suka faru == Gine-gine na jama'a ko wuraren tarihi kamar [[Niagara Falls]] galibi ana haskaka su da kore don Watan Bayyana Cututtukan Lyme <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2019 |title=Special lighting at Blackpool to highlight Lyme disease |url=https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2019-05-08/tower-goes-green-for-lyme-disease/ |access-date=2020-07-04 |website=ITV News |language=en}}</ref> ko Ranar Cututtuken Lyme ta Duniya, wanda kuma a watan Mayu ne. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=18 May 2013 |title=Langevin Bridge Will Go Green for Lyme Awareness |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/langevin-bridge-will-go-green-for-lyme-awareness-1.1360623 |website=CBC News}}</ref> Ana amfani da layin kore na Lime don wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar Lyme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2015 |title=Awareness Ribbons Chart: Color and Meaning of Awareness Ribbon Causes |url=https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/awareness/ribbons.php |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=Disabled World |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin bukukuwan wata == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jfe3jrzs60j8mdv79r3uoqud7wbosqw 0 160062 890134 881222 2026-08-01T13:35:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890134 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Golf_Club_at_Wescott_Plantation_(9321187216).jpg|thumb|250x250px|Kwallon golf a kan tee da aka sanya a ƙasa]] A '''tee''' ne tsaye amfani a wasanni don tallafawa da kuma ɗaga ball tsaye kafin bugawa da ƙafa, kulob, ko bat. Ana amfani da tees sosai a golf, tee-ball, [[Kwallo|kwallon]] kafa na Amurka, da rugby. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da su azaman na'urorin horo don wasan baseball da softball amma ba a amfani da su yayin wasan. == Magana == Kalmar tee ta samo asali ne daga Tsohon Scots ''teaz'', wanda ba a san asalinsa ba, mai yiwuwa An samo kalmar Tee daga tsohon Scots Teaz, na asalin asalin, wataƙila Scandinavian; a fili wani tsari jam'i, ko mutum ba daidai ba ya zama haka. [1] [3] [4] <nowiki>;</nowiki> a bayyane yake nau'in jam'i, ko wanda ba daidai ba ne aka ɗauka haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tee definition and meaning &#124; Collins English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/tee}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of TEE |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tee |website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=tee &#124; meaning of tee in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English &#124; LDOCE |url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/tee}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND :: tee n1 v1 |url=https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/tee_n1_v1}}</ref> == Gashi na Golf == [[Fayil:Golf_tees_selection.jpg|thumb|Gashi na Golf]] [[Fayil:Novelty_human_tooth_golf_tee.jpg|right|thumb|Sabon wasan golf na haƙoran mutum]] A cikin golf, ana amfani da tee don bugun farko na kowane rami. Yankin da aka buga wannan bugun farko yana cikin dokoki <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules and Clarifications |url=https://www.usga.org/rules/rules-and-clarifications/rules-and-clarifications.html#!ruletype=fr&section=rule&rulenum=1 |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=United States Golf Association}}</ref> da aka sani da filin wasa. Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da izinin yin kwallo ne kawai a kan '''harbi''' na farko na rami, wanda ake kira harbi na tee, kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga kowane harbi; duk da haka, dokokin gida ko na yanayi na iya ba da izini ko buƙatar yin kwallo don wasu harbe-harbe, ''misali'', a ƙarƙashin "dokokin hunturu" don kare turf lokacin da yake da rauni. Teeing yana ba da fa'ida mai yawa don harbe-harbe, don haka ana yin sa ne a duk lokacin da aka ba da izini. Koyaya, 'yan wasa na iya zaɓar yin wasan su ba tare da tee ba. Wannan yawanci yana ba da harbi ƙaramin hanya. A standard golf tee is 2.125" (two and one eighth inches = 5.4 cm) long, but both longer and shorter tees are permitted. Ordinary tees can be made from wood or from durable plastic. There are also many biodegradable and recyclable golf tees that diminish the number of trees cut down to manufacture the tees and allow golf courses to lower costs by not having to deal with the broken wooden tees on their courses.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Dangane da ka'idojin R&A da USGA na golf, don tee ya zama doka, "Ba lallai ba ne ya fi inci 4 (101.6 mm) kuma ba lallai ba ce a tsara shi ko a ƙera shi ta hanyar da zai iya nuna layin wasa ko tasiri ga motsi na kwallon. " === Tarihi === Ci gaban tee shine babban canji na karshe ga ka'idojin golf. Kafin wannan, an buga Kwallon golf a kan ƙananan yashi da aka bayar a cikin akwatuna. Wannan ya bayyana akwatunan tee na tarihi don abin da a yau aka sani da filin teeing. A farkon tarihi, '''tees''' na wasan golf (abin da ake ɗora ƙwallon golf a kai kafin bugawa) ana shimfiɗa su ne a saman ƙasa, kuma suna da ɗan tudu da ke riƙe ƙwallon. An ba da lasisin ƙirƙirar irin wannan tee na farko a shekarar '''1889''', ga wasu 'yan ƙasar '''Scotland''' biyu, '''William Bloxsom''' da '''Arthur Douglas'''. Tee na farko da aka sani wanda ake soka shi cikin ƙasa, wani ƙaramin ƙusa ne mai saman roba da aka sayar da sunan '''"Perfectum."''' '''Percy Ellis''' na '''Ingila''' ne ya sami lasisinsa a shekarar '''1892'''. A shekarar '''1899''', wani baƙar fata ɗan Amurka mai aikin likitan haƙora, '''Dr. George Franklin Grant''', ya sami lasisin ƙirƙirar wani '''ingantaccen tee na golf'''. Wannan tee ɗin ya ƙunshi wani mazugi na itace mai rufin roba da ke riƙe ƙwallon golf. Sai dai babu tabbacin cewa an taɓa fitar da shi kasuwa domin sayarwa.<gallery> Fayil:Tee_patent.png|British patent #12941 of 1889 Fayil:Golf_tee_Ellis_1892.png|British patent #36 of 1892 Fayil:Uspatent570821.png|U.S. Patent [http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00570821&idkey=NONE #570,821], "Combined Golf Tee and Score Card," 1896 File:Golf_tee_Kirkwood_1896.png|British patent [http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189600253&F=0&QPN=GB189600253 #253 of 1896] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922211433/http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189600253&F=0&QPN=GB189600253 |date=2008-09-22 }} File:Golf_tee_Matthew_1897.png|British patent [http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189714292&F=0&QPN=GB189714292 #14292 of 1897] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922211647/http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189714292&F=0&QPN=GB189714292 |date=2008-09-22 }} File:Grantpatent.gif|U.S. Patent [http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00638920&idkey=NONE #638,920] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817125151/https://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00638920&idkey=NONE |date=2020-08-17 }}, Dr. George Franklin Grant, 1899 Fayil:1670627.gif|U.S. Patent 1,670,267, William Lowell, Sr. in 1925 </gallery>Wadannan da sauran bambance-bambance sun kasa kamawa, kamar yadda yawancin 'yan wasan golf - ko saboda al'ada, al'ada ko damuwa game da dokoki - sun ci gaba da amfani da tarin yashi. Ya ɗauki ƙoƙari mai ƙarfi na tallace-tallace daga Dokta William Lowell, Sr. a cikin 1920s don kawo tees da aka ƙera zuwa amfani mai yawa. Tallace-tallace na "Reddy Tee", wani katako mai sauƙi tare da saman wuta, ya tashi bayan Lowell ya hayar masu sana'ar golf Walter Hagen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyman |first=Vicki |date=31 July 2010 |title=A look at the man who invented modern golf tees |url=http://www.nj.com/insidejersey/index.ssf/2010/07/how_new_jersey_saved_civilizat_18.html |access-date=May 23, 2014 |website=July 31, 2010 |publisher=The Star-Ledger}}</ref> da Joe Kirkwood, Sr. don inganta samfurin yayin wasannin nune-nunen. An kwafe shi a duk duniya, kuma ya kasance mafi yawan nau'in golf. == Tayi na wasan shayi == Tee-ball ya dogara ne akan baseball, tare da babban bambanci shine amfani da tee a maimakon mai jefa kwallo. Ya fi girma fiye da tee na golf, tee-ball mai tsayi ne mai tsayi na roba wanda aka haɗe da farantin gida wanda ke tallafawa baseball a tsawo mai dacewa don mai bugawa ya buga. Ana iya daidaita shi don ba da izini ga bambance-bambance a tsawo. == Tayi na Baseball == [[Fayil:Baseball_tee.jpg|thumb|Wasan kwallon kafa da ke buga wasan]] Duk da yake tee don baseball yayi kama da tee a cikin tee-ball, amfani da tee na iya bambanta. A cikin wasan baseball, ana amfani da tee a matsayin na'urar horo. Wannan yana bawa mai bugawa damar yin kwaikwayon filin da za a jefa a wurare daban-daban. Yin amfani da tee, mai bugawa na iya saita filin da za a iya jefawa a ciki, a tsakiya, da waje da kuma sama da ƙasa. Ba kamar tee-ball ba, inda kwallon ke zaune a kan tee, a wasan baseball wani dan wasa ne ke jefa filin, wanda ke haifar da kwallon ta haye farantin a wurare daban-daban. A matsayin mai buga kwallo, yin amfani da tee a matsayin taimakon horo zai taimaka wa mai buga kwalliya ya kammala rawar da yake yi ko da wane ne inda aka jefa filin. Hakanan ana iya amfani da tee don motsa jiki. Ana amfani da drills don ƙarfafa 'yan wasan da ke buga motsi da kuma amfani da su don buga wasan baseball a wurare daban-daban. Hakanan ana iya amfani da waɗannan tees a cikin softball a matsayin na'urar horo. Ba a amfani da tees yayin wasan a kowane wasa. == Yin wasa da tee == [[Fayil:Super_League_XVI_match_ball.jpg|thumb|Kwallon rugby a kan teye]] Tayi mai tsalle shine dandamali na roba ko filastik, sau da yawa tare da tsintsiya da / ko iyaka a kusa da bakin ciki. A cikin Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka da ƙwallon ƙwallon Kanada, ana iya amfani da tee a kan kickoffs don ɗaga kwallon dan kadan sama da filin wasa (har zuwa inci ɗaya, ta dokokin NFL da NCAA). Amfani na farko da tee an danganta shi ga Arda Bowser, memba na ƙungiyar Canton Bulldogs NFL ta 1922. CFL da wasu wasannin makarantar sakandare suma suna ba da izinin amfani da wani nau'in tee a filin kwallo da karin maki, inda wani mai kunnawa (mai riƙe) ya sanya ƙarshen kwallon a kan wannan "tee" (wanda ba tee ba ne a cikin mafi tsananin ma'anar kalmar, amma a maimakon haka toshewar roba; irin waɗannan "tees" sun zo a cikin 1" da 2" kuma suna riƙe da ƙarshen; a kwaleji da NFL, duk ƙarin maki / filin kwallo za a iya yin ƙoƙari ne kawai daga ƙasa. Hakanan ana iya amfani da tees don yin kicks a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na rugby league da ƙwallon ƙwallon rugby union. Ana amfani da Tees don kick-outs a cikin Gaelic kwallon kafa. A shekara ta 2006, Shane Curran ya kirkiro wani teye mai daidaitawa wanda kwallon ya kwanta a kan gashin gashi don yin amfani da kiɗa daga ciyawa; yawancin masu tsaron gida sun ci gaba da amfani da ƙirar. == Dubi kuma == * Kalmomin golf == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  == Haɗin waje == {{Golf equipment}}<gallery> Fayil:Tee_patent.png|alt=British patent #12941 of 1889 Fayil:Golf_tee_Ellis_1892.png|ritish patent #36 of 1892 Fayil:Uspatent570821.png|U.S. Patent [http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00570821&idkey=NONE #570,821], "Combined Golf Tee and Score Card," 1896 File:Golf_tee_Kirkwood_1896.png|British patent [http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189600253&F=0&QPN=GB189600253 #253 of 1896] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922211433/http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189600253&F=0&QPN=GB189600253 |date=2008-09-22 }} File:Golf_tee_Matthew_1897.png|British patent [http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189714292&F=0&QPN=GB189714292 #14292 of 1897] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922211647/http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189714292&F=0&QPN=GB189714292 |date=2008-09-22 }} File:Grantpatent.gif|U.S. Patent [http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00638920&idkey=NONE #638,920] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817125151/https://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00638920&idkey=NONE |date=2020-08-17 }}, Dr. George Franklin Grant, 1899 Fayil:1670627.gif|U.S. Patent 1,670,267, William Lowell, Sr. in 1925 </gallery>{{Reflist}} {{Golf equipment}}<gallery> Fayil:Tee_patent.png| 1889 Fayil:Golf_tee_Ellis_1892.png|British patent #36 of 1892 Fayil:Uspatent570821.png|U.S. Patent [http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00570821&idkey=NONE #570,821], "Combined Golf Tee and Score Card," 1896 File:Golf_tee_Kirkwood_1896.png|British patent [http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189600253&F=0&QPN=GB189600253 #253 of 1896] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922211433/http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189600253&F=0&QPN=GB189600253 |date=2008-09-22 }} File:Golf_tee_Matthew_1897.png|British patent [http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189714292&F=0&QPN=GB189714292 #14292 of 1897] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922211647/http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB189714292&F=0&QPN=GB189714292 |date=2008-09-22 }} File:Grantpatent.gif|U.S. Patent [http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00638920&idkey=NONE #638,920] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817125151/https://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=00638920&idkey=NONE |date=2020-08-17 }}, Dr. George Franklin Grant, 1899 Fayil:1670627.gif|U.S. Patent 1,670,267, William Lowell, Sr. in 1925 </gallery>{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tvjuywz2okh56rqbds187wkce10ud4y 0 160349 890356 872193 2026-08-02T00:01:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''WangShui''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1986) <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=WangShui |url=https://kunstaspekte.art/person/wangshui?hl=en |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=kunstaspekte.de |language=de |quote=WangShui (born 1986, USA) based in New York, deals with queer spaces and world designs and uses art, film and architecture. |archive-date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527204758/https://kunstaspekte.art/person/wangshui?hl=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na zamani na Amurka. Suna aiki a fadin kafofin watsa labarai da suka hada da fim, shigarwa, zane, da zane-zane. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=Ulterior Space: WangShui at Julia Stoschek Collection, Berlin — Mousse Magazine and Publishing |url=https://www.moussemagazine.it/magazine/wangshui-giovanna-manzotti-2019 |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=www.moussemagazine.it |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2020 |title=Everything, All at Once, Through the Eyes of WangShui |url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/art/everything-all-at-once-through-the-eyes-of-wangshui |website=Interview Magazine}}</ref> Suna zaune ne a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]].<ref name=":1" /> == Shahararrun nune-nunen == A cikin shekarar 2018, WangShui ta shiga cikin In Practice: Wani Echo a SculptureCenter a Queens . <ref>{{Cite web |title=In Practice: Another Echo |url=https://www.sculpture-center.org/exhibitions/3430/in-practice-another-echo}}</ref> A wannan shekarar sun gabatar da aikin fim a Triple Canopy mai taken, Daga Bakinsa ya zo Kogin Kayan Gida na Babban Ƙarshe wanda daga ƙarshe ya ci gaba da nunawa a bikin fina-finai na New York da bikin fina-fukaki na duniya na Rotterdam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Its Mouth Came a River of High-End Residential Appliances |url=https://www.filmlinc.org/nyff2018/films/from-its-mouth-came-a-river-of-high-end-residential-appliances/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=From Its Mouth Came a River of High-End Residential Appliances &#124; IFFR |url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2020/films/from-its-mouth-came-a-river-of-high-end-residential-appliances}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2019, WangShui ya gabatar da nune-nunen farko a Julia Stoschek Collection a Berlin. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2019 |title=WangShui at JULIA STOSCHEK COLLECTION {{!}} Berlin |url=https://www.artforum.com/picks/wangshui-81400 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=www.artforum.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wank |first=Luise |last2=Brown |first2=Kate |date=2019-09-10 |title=Here Are 11 Must-See Shows and Events During Berlin Art Week, From Ryan Trecartin's New Dystopia to a Mobile Art Planetarium |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/berlin-art-week-2019-1631383 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Artnet News |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2021, WangShui ta shiga cikin No Humans Involved a Gidan Tarihi na Hammer a Los Angeles kuma ta gabatar da jerin zane-zanen aluminum na farko a Frieze New York . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Liou |first=Caroline Ellen |date=2021-11-29 |title=A More Expansive Understanding of What It Means to Be Human |url=https://hyperallergic.com/694331/no-humans-involved-hammer-museum-review/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Hyperallergic |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2021 |title=Frame: Solo Presentations by Emerging Artists from Around the World |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/frame-solo-presentations-emerging-artists-around-world}}</ref> A cikin 2022, WangShui ta shiga cikin Whitney Biennial na 2022 mai taken "Quiet as It's Kept" inda suka gabatar da bidiyo da zane-zane da aka rubuta tare da AI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title='They Are About Capturing the Process of Merging': How Artist WangShui Collaborated with A.I. To Make Paintings for the Whitney Biennial |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/wangshui-whitney-biennial-ai-2113270/amp-page |access-date=30 June 2026 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719051718/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/wangshui-whitney-biennial-ai-2113270/amp-page |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kuma haɗa aikin su a cikin Biennale De Lyon a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2022 |title=Biennale de Lyon Names Artists for 'Fragility'-Focused 2022 Edition |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/biennale-de-lyon-2022-artist-list-1234616818/}}</ref> A cikin 2024, an haɗa aikin WangShui a cikin 60th La Biennale di Venezia, "Stranieri Ovunque - Baƙi Kowace Wuri" wanda Adriano Pedrosa ya tsara. == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fyxt132iuz4eh3qxv7wh3dc4gsulcpt 0 160419 890163 872829 2026-08-01T14:34:36Z BnHamid 12586 890163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person | name = Olanrewaju Adesola Onadeko | image = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|4|14}} | birth_place = Osogbo, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya, malami, mai gudanarwa | alma_mater = Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo<br>Nigerian Law School<br>London School of Economics | known_for = Darakta Janar na Nigerian Law School }} '''Olanrewaju Adesola Onadeko''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1953) lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, farfesa kuma masani a fannin shari'a. Ya kasance Darakta Janar na ''Nigerian Law School'' daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2018. Haka kuma ya kasance mamba a ''Council of Legal Education'' da kuma ''Nigerian Bar Association''. A shekarar 2016 an ba shi lambar girmamawa ta ''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''. Daga baya ya zama Farfesa a fannin Shari'a a Ajayi Crowther University.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanrewaju_Onadeko|title=Olanrewaju Onadeko|website=Wikipedia|access-date=30 Yuni 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Onadeko a Osogbo a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1953. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a Ibadan kafin ya halarci Government College, Ibadan. Daga nan ya sami digirin LL.B daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo (wacce a lokacin ake kira University of Ife). Ya halarci Nigerian Law School sannan ya sami digirin LL.M daga London School of Economics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanrewaju_Onadeko|title=Olanrewaju Onadeko|website=Wikipedia|access-date=30 Yuni 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Onadeko ya fara aiki a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Cross River. Daga baya ya koyar a Nigerian Law School, sannan ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta ƙasar Gambia a matsayin Daraktan Gurfanar da Masu Laifi. Ya kuma riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a Nigerian Law School kafin a naɗa shi Darakta Janar a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanrewaju_Onadeko|title=Olanrewaju Onadeko|website=Wikipedia|access-date=30 Yuni 2026}}</ref> A lokacin jagorancinsa an aiwatar da gyare-gyare a tsarin koyarwa da gudanarwar Nigerian Law School domin inganta horon lauyoyi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://punchng.com/lawyers-make-good-couples-prof-olanrewaju-onadeko-san/|title=Lawyers make good couples – Prof. Olanrewaju Onadeko (SAN)|newspaper=Punch Newspapers|access-date=30 Yuni 2026}}</ref> == Karramawa == A shekarar 2016 an ba shi muƙamin ''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'', wanda yake daga cikin manyan karramawa ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanrewaju_Onadeko|title=Olanrewaju Onadeko|website=Wikipedia|access-date=30 Yuni 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Onadeko, Olanrewaju}} [[Category:1953 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]] [[Category:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Osogbo]] td4uhff388au5z6o94imos6fefh9zi8 0 160431 890560 872918 2026-08-02T11:55:21Z BnHamid 12586 890560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adenosquamous carcinoma''' wani nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] ne wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan sel guda biyu: ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke layi da wasu gabobin) da ƙwayoyin gland. An haɗa shi da halaye masu tsanani idan aka kwatanta da adenocarcinoma a wasu cututtukan daji.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mahendraraj K, Di Como JA, Chamberlain RS |date=October 2014 |title=Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: a population based clinical outcomes studies involving 700 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2010) |journal=Journal of the American College of Surgeons |volume=219 |issue=4 |page=109 |doi=10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.676}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Di Como JA |date=October 2015 |title=Adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon and rectum: a population based clinical outcomes study involving 578 patients from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database (1973-2010) |journal=Journal of the American College of Surgeons |volume=221 |issue=4 |page=56 |doi=10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.08.044}}</ref> Yana da alhakin 1% zuwa 4% na nau'ikan exocrine na [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|Ciwon daji na pancreas]].<ref name="SkafidaGrammatoglou2010">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Skafida E, Grammatoglou X, Glava C, Zissis D, Paschalidis N, Katsamagkou E, Firfiris N, Vasilakaki T |date=February 2010 |title=Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: a case report |journal=Cases Journal |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1757-1626-3-41 |pmc=2825199 |pmid=20205828 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Binciken ganewa == [[Fayil:Histopathology_of_adenosquamous_carcinoma_of_the_pancreas.jpg|right|thumb|Micrograph na adenosquamous carcinoma na pancreas.]] Microscopy na haske yana nuna haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama da gland da ƙwayoyi masu ƙwayoyin halitta.<ref name="Pishvaian2017">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pishvaian MJ, Brody JR |date=March 2017 |title=Therapeutic Implications of Molecular Subtyping for Pancreatic Cancer |journal=Oncology |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=159–66, 168 |pmid=28299752}} </ref> A kan immunohistochemistry, yawanci yana da kyau ga CK5/6, CK7 da p63, kuma mara kyau ga CK20, p16 da p53. A kan Gwajin kwayar halitta, KRAS da p53 yawanci suna canzawa.<ref name="Pishvaian2017" />{{Clear}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=476766 Adenosquamous carcinoma] shigarwa a cikin yankin jama'a NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mvso5p1coljk00m2y5tbrujq2lb371w 0 160494 890482 873235 2026-08-02T09:51:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890482 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}'''Éric Chacour''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1983) marubucin Kanada ne daga [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], wanda aka buga littafinsa na farko Ce que je sais de toi a shekara ta 2023. An haife shi a [[Montréal|Montreal]] ga iyayen baƙi daga Masar, ya yi girma a Quebec da [[Faransa]]. Ya sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Paris Dauphine sannan kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki da alaƙar kasa da kasa daga Jami'a ta Montreal . Yana aiki a bangaren kudi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Larochelle |first=Samuel |date=2023-01-27 |title=Éric Chacour, la révélation littéraire de 2023 |url=https://www.fugues.com/2023/01/27/eric-chacour-la-revelation-litteraire-de-2023/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Fugues |language=fr-CA}}</ref> .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Motta |first=Lucrezia |date=2025-03-31 |title=Interview: Canadian author Éric Chacour, a rising star on Québec's literary scene |url=https://monocle.com/culture/interview-author-eric-chacour/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Monocle |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Éric Chacour |url=https://www.writerstrust.com/authors/eric-chacour |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Writers' Trust of Canada |archive-date=2025-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521081725/https://www.writerstrust.com/authors/eric-chacour |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara rubuta Ce que je sais de toi kimanin shekaru goma kafin a buga shi a shekarar 2023. Littafin ya lashe Prix Femina des lycéens a 2023 da Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie a 2024, kuma an sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen Prix littéraire des collégiens a 2024. An kuma ba shi kyautar Prix des libraires da Prix France-Québec a shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-11 |title=Le lauréat 2024 est… ÉRIC CHACOUR |url=https://prix-des-libraires.fr/2024/05/18/laureat-2024-eric-chacour/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Prix des Libraires |language=fr-FR}}</ref> ''<nowiki><i id="mwSQ">Abin da na sani game da kai</i></nowiki>'', fassarar Turanci ta Pablo Strauss na Ce que je sais de toi, an buga shi a cikin 2024 ta Coach House Books a Kanada <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sweny |first=Alexandra |date=October 30, 2024 |title=What I Know About You |url=https://mtlreviewofbooks.ca/reviews/what-i-know-about-you-eric-chacour/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Montreal Review of Books |language=en-CA}}</ref> da Gallic Books a Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fraser |first=Katie |date=June 17, 2024 |title=Éric Chacour's 'stunning' debut novel goes to Gallic Books |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/rights/eric-chacours-stunning-debut-novel-goes-to-gallic-books |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=The Bookseller |language=En}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da shi don kyaututtuka da yawa na wallafe- wallafen ciki har da Giller Prize, Dayne Ogilvie Prize, da Atwood Gibson Writers' Trust Fiction Prize.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudi |first=Cassandra |date=2024-10-09 |title=Giller Prize announces five-title shortlist for 2024 prize |url=https://quillandquire.com/omni/giller-prize-announces-five-title-shortlist-for-2024-prize/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Quill and Quire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2024 |title=Vincent Anioke, Anthony Oliveira, Éric Chacour shortlisted for $10K 2SLGBTQ+ emerging writers prize |url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/vincent-anioke-anthony-oliveira-%C3%A9ric-chacour-shortlisted-for-10k-2slgbtq-emerging-writers-prize-1.7321745 |website=CBC Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Nicole |date=2024-09-25 |title=Canisia Lubrin, Fawn Parker make Writers’ Trust fiction prize short list |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/canisia-lubrin-fawn-parker-make-writers-trust-fiction-prize-short-list/article_4aec3133-c5a4-573b-a15d-d06124c23574.html |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Toronto Star |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2026, an sanya littafin a cikin jerin sunayen don lambar yabo ta wallafe-wallafen Dublin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Martin |date=April 7, 2026 |title=Dublin Literary Award 2026 shortlist: ‘Literature at its most international, most ambitious, and most humane’ |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/2026/04/07/dublin-literary-award-2026-shortlist-literature-at-its-most-international-most-ambitious-and-most-humane/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> An fassara littafin cikin harsuna 15.<ref name=":0"/> A cikin shekarar 2026, an zaɓi duka Turanci da Faransanci a cikin ebook da tsarin littattafai na sauti don One eRead Canada, suna yin kwafin da ba a iyakance ba daga ɗakunan karatu masu halarta don watan Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyle |first=Elena Hudgins |date=March 31, 2026 |title=Éric Chacour's novel What I Know About You selected for digital book club One eRead Canada |url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/eric-chacour-s-novel-what-i-know-about-you-selected-for-digital-book-club-one-eread-canada-9.7148783 |website=CBC Books}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5cesej1s8scobz7qkbegliwkxit37a2 0 160557 890359 873387 2026-08-02T00:11:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890359 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Edgar Warren Hymer''' (Fabrairu 25, 1906 - Maris 25, 1948) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan fim na Amurka. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a Birnin New York. Mahaifinsa, John Bard Hymer (1875/1876 - 1953) marubuci ne (tare da wasannin Broadway guda tara, bisa ga Intanet Broadway Database ), marubucin vaudeville kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, <ref name="CInn">{{Cite web |title=The History of the Colony House Inn at Lakewood |url=https://www.colonyhouseinn.com/colony-house-history/ |website=www.colonyhouseinn.com |access-date=2026-07-01 |archive-date=2020-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219002608/https://www.colonyhouseinn.com/colony-house-history |url-status=dead }}</ref> yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Eleanor Kent, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce. == Ayyuka == Ya fito a fina-finai 129 tsakanin 1929 da 1946, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway na 1928 The ''Grey Fox.'' . Duk da halin da yake da shi a matsayin mutum mai tsananin gaske tare da harshen Brooklyn, ya halarci Jami'ar Yale.<ref name="CInn" /> Tare da murmushi mai kyau da murmushin kirki, kusan koyaushe yana wasa da masu gwagwarmayar shan giya, sojoji masu kirki ko ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, ko 'yan bindiga na Runyonesque. Yana da matsayi biyu kawai: a gaban Buster Keaton a cikin ɗan gajeren labarin dawowar Keaton The Gold Ghost (1934), kuma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ta'adda uku da aka hayar don kashe [[Adolf Hitler]] a cikin Hitler: Dead or Alive (1943). A cikin wani sanannen labari na Hollywood, shugaban Columbia Pictures Harry Cohn ya cire Hymer daga ɗakin studio bayan ya bayyana don aiki maye. Hymer ya amsa ta hanyar shiga ofishin Cohn kuma ya yi fitsari a kan teburinsa. Cohn ya ba da umarnin a ƙone teburin, sannan ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da Hymer a cikin masana'antar fina-finai.<ref name="Gordon" /> Wataƙila lamarin ya faru ne a 1939, yayin yin fim na aikin Columbia na karshe na Hymer, The Lady and the Mob . Gargaɗin Cohn ga wasu ɗakunan karatu don kauce wa Hymer ya kasance mai tasiri a cikin gajeren lokaci - Hymer yana da ayyuka biyu kawai a cikin 1940. Darakta mai suna Frank Capra, wanda ya bar aikin Cohn da fushi, ya karya la'anar Cohn ta hanyar hayar Hymer don fasalinsa na 1941 Meet John Doe . Tun daga wannan lokacin, Warren Hymer ya sake aiki a hankali. Ya biya lokacin da ya ɓace ta hanyar karɓar aiki akai-akai a ƙananan ɗakunan karatu kamar Monogram da PRC, tsakanin manyan ayyuka a manyan ɗakunan karatu. Wataƙila rawar da Warren Hymer ya fi ban mamaki ita ce a cikin fasalin Monogram na 1941 Phantom Killer . Hymer, a cikin halin da yake da shi na yau da kullun na Brooklynesque, ya taka leda a matsayin mataimakin mataimakin 'yan sanda Kenneth Harlan. Harlan bai iya gama hoton ba saboda ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, kuma samar da sauri ba zai iya jira ba, don haka halin Harlan ya ji rauni sosai kuma Hymer ya zama babban jami'in. Da yake yanke shawarar rama mutuwar Harlan, kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya rasa duk alamun wauta, Hymer ya buga sauran fim din kai tsaye, a cikin nasa murya mara yare. == Mutuwa == Hymer ya fuskanci matsaloli masu tsanani na kiwon lafiya a cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe, ya rage jadawalin aikinsa. Rashin lafiya ya tilasta masa ya yi ritaya daga allo a 1946, kuma ya kasance "mai tsanani fiye da shekara guda. " Ya mutu a 1948 a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], dalilin mutuwar da aka lissafa a matsayin cuta ta ciki. An binne gawarsa a Chapel of the Pines Crematory . == Hotunan fina-finai ==   == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] do4i3oyh0ja2uyjm566rcsfk4czyfw6 0 160735 890446 875834 2026-08-02T07:01:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yomi Adegoke''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Satumba 1991) 'yar jarida ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Birtaniya. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Adegoke 'yar asalin [[Najeriya]] ce. An haife ta a Canning Town, gabashin London, Birtaniya, kuma ta girma a Croydon . <ref name="Akbar 2018">{{Cite web |last=Akbar |first=Arifa |date=2018-06-24 |title=How to be a black woman and succeed: two friends who have written the manual |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/24/black-girl-woman-bible-elizabeth-uviebinene-yomi-adegoke-slay-your-lane |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ta halarci Jami'ar Warwick kuma ta karanci shari'a. <ref name="Akbar 2018" /> 'Yar uwarta, Yemisi Adegoke, 'yar jarida ce a [[BBC]] Africa. <ref name="Akbar 2018" /> Ta yi shekara guda a jami'a kuma a shekarar 2013 ta kafa ''mujallar Birthday Magazine'', wata mujalla da aka yi niyya ga 'yan mata bakar fata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yomi Adegoke |url=http://blakefriedmann.co.uk/yomi-adegoke/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111043645/http://blakefriedmann.co.uk/yomi-adegoke/ |archive-date=11 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=Blake Friedmann |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mujallar ta tattauna batun launin fata, al'adun pop da kuma mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Black Talk – Do we live in a post racial society? |url=https://www.warwicksu.com/events/20772/12960/ |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=www.warwicksu.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sana'a == Adegoke ta yi rubutu a ''[[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]]'', ''The Independent'' da The Pool . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yomi Adegoke |url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/yomi-adegoke |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> The Dots ta zaɓe ta a matsayin mace wadda ke "sake fasalta masana'antar kere-kere". <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2018 |title=Slay In Your Lane: In Conversation with Yomi Adegoke and Elizabeth Uviebinené |url=https://womenslibrary.org.uk/event/slay-in-your-lane/ |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=Glasgow Women's Library |language=en-US}}</ref> Fim ɗin An ''Evening Standard'' ya haɗa da ita a cikin "majagaba na gaba". Ta yi Allah wadai da wariyar launin fata a harabar jami'a. Ta yi aiki a Channel 4 News . A cikin wani rubutu da aka buga a watan Yunin 2019 a Medium, Adegoke ya ƙirƙiro taken "The Disposable Black Girlfriend", <ref name="DBGtrope">{{Cite web |last=Adegoke |first=Yomi |date=7 June 2019 |title=The rise and rise of the "Disposable Black Girlfriend" |url=https://medium.com/@yomiadegoke/the-rise-and-rise-of-the-disposable-black-girlfriend-48e1414e995c |access-date=29 January 2026 |website=Medium}}</ref> wanda tun daga lokacin ya shahara. ra'ayi wanda tun daga lokacin aka karɓe shi sosai a cikin nazarin kafofin watsa labarai da sukar al'adu don nazarin alamun da wakilcin haɗin gwiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2026 |title=Disposable Black Girlfriend |url=https://fanlore.org/wiki/Disposable_Black_Girlfriend |access-date=1 June 2026 |website=Fanlore}}</ref> Yana bayyana wani tsari mai maimaitawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai inda ake gabatar da mata baƙaƙe, waɗanda galibi ake sanya su a matsayin budurwa ko masoya, kawai don su zama abin da ke janye hankali daga farin "soyayyar gaskiya" ta jarumin. <ref name="DBGtrope" /> === ''Kashe a Layinka'' === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Adegoke ta yi aiki tare da Elizabeth Uviebinené don rubuta ''Slay in Your Lane: The Black Girl Bible'' . Mawallafa tara sun yi fafutukar neman haƙƙin littafin, inda Adegoke da Uviebinené suka lashe jimillar kuɗi biyar. <ref name="Akbar 2018"/> 4th Estate ( HarperCollins ) ne suka buga shi a shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onwuemezi |first=Natasha |date=2018-06-16 |title=Yomi Adegoke & Elizabeth Uviebinené {{!}} 'Just because something is by black women and about black women, that doesn't mean that it can't be mainstream' |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/profile/yomi-adegoke-elizabeth-uviebinen-just-because-something-black-women-and-about-black-women |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=The Bookseller |language=en}}</ref> An bayyana shi a matsayin "jagora ga rayuwa ga tsarar mata baƙar fata". Don rubuta littafin, Adegoke da Uviebinené sun yi hira da mata baƙar fata da dama, ciki har da [[Malorie Blackman]], Denise Lewis, jamelia, Laura Mvula, Clara Amfo, Karen Blackett, June Sarpong, [[Margaret Busby]] da Estelle . <ref name="Akbar 2018" /> Littafin ya ƙunshi aiki, ilimi, kuɗi, soyayya da lafiya, da kuma wakilcin kafofin watsa labarai na mata baƙar fata. BBC Radio 4 ta zaɓe shi a matsayin Littafin Mako a watan Yulin 2018. Sun tattauna littafin a Cibiyar Southbank don Bikin Adabi ta London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Slay in Your Lane |url=https://www.southbankcentre.co.uk/whats-on/129689-slay-your-lane-2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111043641/https://www.southbankcentre.co.uk/whats-on/129689-slay-your-lane-2018 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-10 |publisher=Southbank Centre}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun tattauna nasarar littafin sosai, a manyan kafofin watsa labarai da kuma tattaunawar jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 6 Music - Amy Lamé, With Elizabeth Uviebinene and Yomi Adegoke on their new book Slay In Your Lane: The Black Girl Bible |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0bbtnjf |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=Who's Included? Black Women and the Workplace |url=https://info.lse.ac.uk/staff/divisions/equity-diversity-and-inclusion/News-and-events/Whos-Included-Black-Women-and-the-Workplace |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=info.lse.ac.uk |publisher=London School of Economics and Political Science |language=en-gb |archive-date=2018-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111000228/https://info.lse.ac.uk/staff/divisions/equity-diversity-and-inclusion/News-and-events/Whos-Included-Black-Women-and-the-Workplace |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Parke |first=Phoebe |date=2018-08-08 |title=Slay In Your Lane: Why 2018's Black Girl Bible Is Supposed To Make You Feel Uncomfortable |url=https://graziadaily.co.uk/life/books/slay-in-your-lane-interview/ |access-date=2018-11-10 |website=Grazia |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bayan kammala littafin, a watan Afrilun 2020, Adegoke da Uviebinené suka ƙaddamar ''da Slay in Your Lane: The Podcast'', wanda ya ci gaba da nazarin labarai da batutuwan al'adu na jama'a daga mahangar mata baƙar fata 'yan Birtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Slay In Your Lane: The Podcast |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/slay-in-your-lane-the-podcast/id1507952186#episodeGuid=0ad3439a-cd87-46e9-9d62-3bb2c5276e39 |access-date=28 April 2020 |website=Apple Podcasts Preview}}</ref> === ''Jerin'' === A shekarar 2023, Adegoke ta buga littafinta na farko, The List, tare da littattafan 4th Estate (wani bugu na HarperCollins ). [1] Littafin ya bi diddigin ma'auratan intanet Ola da Michael a lokacin da suke shirin aurensu, da kuma yadda dangantakarsu ke shafar lokacin da aka saka sunan Michael a cikin jerin masu cin zarafin yanar gizo da ba a san ko su waye ba. Littafin ya bincika fannoni masu ban mamaki na al'adun intanet da tsarin daukar nauyin alhaki. [2] An zabi shi don kyaututtukan littattafai na Burtaniya, [3] da kuma zabarsa a matsayin zabin kungiyar littattafai ta Good Morning America. [4] A shekarar 2023, an sanar da cewa Adegoke za ta ƙirƙiri kuma ta gudanar da aikin shirya wani shiri na talabijin na littafin tare da HBO Max, BBC da A24 . [5] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tasjamdxew1encti48i1yf0m0q1lydi 0 160768 890550 876144 2026-08-02T11:12:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''PSG da Sons''' ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke da hannu a fannin ilimi, kiwon lafiya da kuma ayyukan al'umma a Coimbatore, Indiya.<ref>"To help them lead a special life". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar agaji ta PSG & Sons a shekarar 1926 ta hannun 'ya'yan PS guda huɗu, wato Venkataswamy Naidu, Rangaswamy Naidu,<ref>Leadbeater, Simon Robert Brough (1992). ''The Politics of Textiles, The Indian Cotton-mill Industry and the Legacy of Swadeshi, 1900-1985''. Sage publications. p.&#x20;143. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-8170-3-6296-8</bdi>.</ref> Ganga Naidu da Narayanaswamy Naidu.<ref name="PSG1">{{Cite web |title=Founders of PSG |url=https://www.psgcas.ac.in/about_psgcas.html |access-date=1 November 2023 |publisher=PSG Group |archive-date=22 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122040600/https://www.psgcas.ac.in/about_psgcas.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>"Founders of PSG". PSG Group. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</ref> An kafa wannan ƙungiya ne da nufin fara makarantar Sarvajana ("masani game da komai") lokacin da aka hana wani ɗan uwa shiga makarantun da ke akwai waɗanda Birtaniya ke gudanarwa.<ref>"Four PSG Institutions feature in the NIRF Ranking". Simplicity. 14 April 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</ref> 'Yan'uwan huɗu sun raba kadarorin kakanninsu zuwa sassa biyar da son rai, inda suka ajiye kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na jimlar ₹ 2.01 lakhs don ƙirƙirar asusun agaji.<ref>"Industrial unit lifts PSG". ''Mint''. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> Daga baya asusun ya kafa cibiyoyin ilimi daban-daban, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da cibiyoyin masana'antu.<ref>"Celebrating 60 years of top-notch engineering education". ''The Hindu''. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</ref><ref>"Pinnacle of Excellence". ''Times of India''. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</ref> == Iyalan PSG == Tushe:<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG College of Technology |url=https://www.psgtech.edu/trustees.php |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.psgtech.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG & Son’s CHARITIES -ன் 97- வது நிறுவனர் தின விழா நிகழ்ச்சி – PSG Hospitals in Coimbatore, India |url=https://www.psghospitals.com/news-and-events/psg-sons-charities-%e0%ae%a9%e0%af%8d-97-%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%81-%e0%ae%a8%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b1%e0%af%81%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%a9%e0%ae%b0%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%a9-%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%bf/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders |url=https://psgim.ac.in/founders/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=PSG Institute of Management |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=G.R.Govindarajulu, a pioneer par excellence in education, trade, and charity |url=https://kammas2.rssing.com/chan-25970354/article582.html |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=kammas2.rssing.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders |url=https://psghsv.edu.in/?page_id=57 |access-date=30 April 2026 |website=psghsv.edu.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG &Sons 'Charities |url=https://www.psgsonscharities.org/#home |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.psgsonscharities.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivas |first=Mannam |title=THE MAN AND HIS LEGACY A portrait of PSG Govindasamy Naidu |url=https://www.kammasangham.in/2025/10/the-man-and-his-legacy-portrait-of-psg.html |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=KammaSangham}}</ref><ref>"Seeds of change". ''The Hindu''. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Metro |first=Kovai |date=2019-01-12 |title=The Iconic Women, Who Inspired Kovaiites |url=https://www.kovaimetro.in/index.php/2019/01/12/1014/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=Kovai Metro |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Chart top|PSG Family}} {{Tree chart/start}} {{Tree chart||||||GrPa|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|GrMa||||||}} {{Tree chart||,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}} {{Tree chart||PSGV|y|WoPSGV|||PSGR|y|Krish||||PSGG|y|WoPSGG|||||PSGN|y|WoPSGN|}} {{Tree chart/end}} {{Chart bottom}}{{Chart top|PSGR Family}} {{Tree chart/start}} {{Tree chart||||||PSGR|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|Krish||||||}} {{Tree chart||,|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.}} {{Tree chart||Lak||GRD||Ruk||||GRG||||GRVe||||GRVa}} {{Tree chart/end}} {{Chart bottom}} == Cibiyoyi == Cibiyoyin da ƙungiyar agaji ke gudanarwa sun haɗa da:<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG Institutions |url=https://psgimsr.ac.in/about/psg-institutions/ |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=PSG IMSR}}</ref><ref>"PSG launches new institution in Coimbatore". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref><ref>"Celebrating 60 years of top-notch engineering education". The Hindu. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</ref><ref>"Navy, PSGCT ink MoU". Indian Express. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2023.</ref> * PSG Sarvajana Higher Secondary School (1924) * Cibiyar Masana'antu ta PSG (1926) * Kwalejin Fasaha ta PSG (1939) * Makarantar Firamare ta PSG, Vedapatti (1941) * Makarantar Firamare ta PSG, Peelamedu (1943) * Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta PSG (1947) * Kwalejin Fasaha ta PSG (1951) * Sashen agaji na PSG & 'Ya'yansa na Ƙarfe da Gidaje (1974) * Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya da Bincike ta PSG (1985) * Cibiyar Horar da Masana'antu ta PSG (1986) * Asibitocin PSG (1989) * Cibiyar PSG don Bincike da Ba da Shawara (1989) * Cibiyar PSG don Ilimi mara tsari da ci gaba (1989) * Kwalejin Jinya ta PSG (1994) * Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta PSG (1994) * Kwalejin Ilimin Jiki ta PSG (1999) * Kwalejin Magunguna ta PSG (2001) * Makarantun Jama'a na PSG (2002) * Makarantar Sakandare ta PSG, Vedapatti (2005) * Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaba ta PSG (2006) * Makarantar Yara ta PSG (2009) * PSG Vishnugranthi (2013) * Cibiyar Fasaha da Bincike Mai Amfani ta PSG (2014) * Cibiyar Bincike da Inganta Ilimi ta PSG (2015) * Fasahar Software ta PSG (2017) * Cibiyar Zane-zane da Tsare-tsare ta PSG (2021) == Manazarta == t40fn9dtg00icf9coh2csib9epi86l3 0 161062 890237 878854 2026-08-01T17:44:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Istituto tecnico technologico''''' (wanda a zahiri "cibiyar fasaha ta fasaha") wata makaranta ce ta sakandare a Italiya wadda ta ƙware a [[Fasaha|fannin fasaha]], ilimin bayanai, lantarki, masana'antar sinadarai, [[Biotechnology|fasahar halittu]], gudanar da gini, fasahar geo da kuma salon zamani . Yana ba wa ɗalibai ƙwarewar ci gaba zuwa kowace babbar cibiyar ilimi . Dalibai za su iya halartar ''cibiyar fasaha ta istituto tecnico'' bayan sun kammala karatun ''scuola media'' ( makarantar sakandare ) cikin nasara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cosa scelgo dopo la terza media? |url=http://www.comune.torino.it/torinogiovani/formazione/dopo-la-terza-media-dove-vado |access-date=27 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref> Dalibai yawanci suna karatu na tsawon shekaru biyar kuma suna halartar makarantar daga shekara 14 zuwa 19. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyar, duk ɗalibai suna halartar ''esame di Stato'' ("jarrabawar jiha"), jarrabawa ta ƙarshe wadda ke ba da damar shiga kowace kwas a jami'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Istruzione secondaria e post-secondaria non terziaria |url=https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/it/national-education-systems/italy/italiavalutazione-nellistruzione-secondaria-superiore-generale |access-date=27 December 2023 |language=it}}</ref> Ana kiran ɗalibi da " ''ɗalibi'' " (namiji) yayin da ake kiran " ''ɗalibi'' " (mace). Ana kiran malamai da " ''farfesa'' " (namiji) ko ''"farfesa"'' (mace). An raba kwas ɗin zuwa hanyoyi biyu na musamman: <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIUR - Guida alla nuova scuola secondaria superiore |url=http://www.istruzione.it/alfresco/d/d/workspace/SpacesStore/dd85ed40-35bb-4f7a-8619-88ed0eef23f9/Guida_alla_nuova_scuola_secondaria_superiore.pdf |access-date=12 June 2012 |archive-date=3 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803055539/http://www.istruzione.it/alfresco/d/d/workspace/SpacesStore/dd85ed40-35bb-4f7a-8619-88ed0eef23f9/Guida_alla_nuova_scuola_secondaria_superiore.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Meccanica, meccatronica ed energia'' ("makanikanci, mechatronics da makamashi") * ''Trasporti e logistica'' ("transport and logistic") * ''Elettronica ed elettrotecnica'' ("Injiniyar Lantarki da Wutar Lantarki") * ''Informatica da telecomunicazioni'' ("IT da sadarwa") * ''Grafica e communicazioni'' ("zane-zane da sadarwa") * ''Chimica, materiali da biotecnologie'' ("Chemistry, kayan aiki da fasahar kere-kere") * ''Sistema moda'' ("tsarin zamani") * ''Agraria, agroalimentare da agroindustria'' ("noma, agro-abinci da kuma agro-masana'antu") * ''Costruzione, ambiente da territorio'' ("gini") == Duba kuma == * Istituto tecnico economico * Jerin makarantu a Italiya == Manazarta == iiid28figtw739567vik79z92l0sd51 0 161155 890142 879720 2026-08-01T14:08:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tetterode''' wani katafaren gini ne da ke Amsterdam-West a Netherlands. An gina shi a matsayin Amsterdam Type Foundry daga 1902 zuwa gaba ga kamfanin buga littattafai na Tetterode, wurin ya lalace a 1980. Bayan an sanar da shirin rushe gine-ginen, an yi musu katanga a 1981 kuma daga baya aka halatta su a 1986. Tetterode tana karbar bakuncin ko kuma ta dauki nauyin ayyuka daban-daban ciki har da gidan kayan tarihi, bita kan fasaha da sana'o'i, cibiyar ba da shawara kan 'yan ƙasa, shagon tufafi, gidan kayan tarihi na Eddie the Eagle, wani disco na 'yan luwaɗi da madigo, mai gyaran gashi, makarantar yara (wanda ake kira {{Lang|nl|De Tettertjes}} . ), firintocin stencil, injin yin takalma da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A shekarar 2021 ta yi bikin cika shekaru arba'in da kafuwa. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Bilderdijkstraat_163.jpg|alt=Three storey art nouveau building in the sunshine|right|thumb|Bilderdijkstraat 163 a shekarar 2010]] [[File:Uitbreiding_lettergieterij_(Tetterode).JPG|alt=Building constructed in style of [[Nieuwe Zakelijkheid]]|right|thumb| Da Costakade 148 a shekarar 2010]] Kamfanin Amsterdam Type Foundry ( Dutch An gina shi a shekarar 1902 don kamfanin buga Tetterode a 163–167 {{Interlanguage link|Bilderdijkstraat|nl|Bilderdijkstraat (Amsterdam)}}, ta hannun mai ginin JWF Hartkamp a cikin salon Art Nouveau . <ref name="GA" /> <ref name="T1">{{Cite web |title=Tetterode (1), Bilderdijkstraat 163–167 – Amsterdam 1850–1940 |url=https://amsterdamopdekaart.nl/1850-1940/Bilderdijkstraat/Tetterode_(1) |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=Amsterdam op de kaart |language=nl}}</ref> <ref name="Monumenten">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=Da Costakade 148, Amsterdam |url=https://www.monumenten.nl/monument/524831 |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=Monumenten.nl |language=nl}}</ref> Wannan mai ginin ya gina wani gini a 158–164 {{Interlanguage link|Da Costakade|nl|Da Costagracht}} a cikin 1912 kuma ya sake haɓaka tsohon kiwo a 157A-161 Bilderdijkstraat tsakanin 1920 da 1921. <ref name="T2">{{Cite web |title=Tetterode (2), Da Costakade 158–164 – Amsterdam 1850–1940 |url=https://amsterdamopdekaart.nl/1850-1940/Da_Costakade/Tetterode_(2) |website=Amsterdam op de kaart |language=nl}}</ref> <ref name="T3">{{Cite web |title=Tetterode (3), Bilderdijkstraat 157A-161 – Amsterdam 1850–1940 |url=https://amsterdamopdekaart.nl/1850-1940/Bilderdijkstraat/Tetterode_(3) |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=Amsterdam op de kaart |language=nl}}</ref> An fara sabon ginin a 148-156 Da Costakade ta JF van Erven Dorens a 1940 kuma ya ƙare ta B.5 Karling a cikin P.1940. a cikin salon Nieuwe Zakelijkheid . <ref name="GA">{{Cite web |title=Erfgoed van de Week: "Mede mogelijk gemaakt door de kraakbeweging" [Heritage building of the week: "Made possible by the squatters movement"] |url=https://www.amsterdam.nl/kunst-cultuur/monumenten/erfgoed-week/tetterode/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=Gemeente Amsterdam }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="T4">{{Cite web |title=Tetterode (4), Da Costakade 148–156 – Wederopbouw Amsterdam |url=https://amsterdamopdekaart.nl/wederopbouw/Da_Costakade/Tetterode_(4) |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=Amsterdam op de kaart |language=nl}}</ref> <ref name="Monumenten" /> == Sana'a == An bar ginin manyan gine-gine guda huɗu a cikin 1981, lokacin da Tetterode ya mayar da hedikwatarsa zuwa {{Interlanguage link|Willem de Zwijgerlaan|nl|Willem de Zwijgerlaan (Amsterdam)}} . Masu haɓaka gine-gine sun yi shirin rushe su da gina gidaje masu tsada; a cikin zanga-zangar, 'yan gudun hijira sun mamaye ginin a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1981. <ref name="DASH">{{Cite journal |last=Gelderen |first=Mikel van |date=2019 |title=WoonWerkPand Tetterode Amsterdam (NL): Johan W.F. Hartkamp, Jan Frederik van Erven Dorens, Merkelbach & Karsten, Merkelbach & Elling, K.P.C. de Bazel, residents and users |url=https://journals.open.tudelft.nl/dash/article/view/5098 |journal=Delft Architectural Studies on Housing |language=en |issue=15 |pages=138–145 |issn=1877-7007}}</ref> <ref name="T1"/> Mallakar ta zama cibiyar zamantakewa mai sarrafa kanta ga ƙungiyoyin 'yan gudun hijira da kuma al'ummar yankin, waɗanda aka yi wa laƙabi da {{Lang|nl|De Rode Tetter}} (The Red Tetter). A lokacin hunturu, gine-ginen suna da sanyi sosai kuma suna da beraye, don haka masu zama a wurin suna dumama da gwangwanin gas, suna gina ɗakuna kuma suna share tsoffin injunan masana'antu. <ref name="HP" /> An fara wani gidan rawa a cikin ginshiki mai suna Flux; zuwa 1985 ya zama {{Lang|nl|De Trut}} (The Bitch), wani disco na 'yan luwadi da madigo wanda ke faruwa kowace Lahadi. <ref name="Trut">{{Cite web |title=De Trut – History |url=https://www.detrut.amsterdam/en/history.html |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=De Trut |language=en}}</ref> == Halatta == A shekarar 1986, an halatta mallakar gidaje lokacin da birnin ya sayi ginin. Masu zama sun kafa ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa, suka zama masu haya; a ƙarƙashin {{Lang|nl|casco}} kwangilar ("hull") su ne ke da alhakin haɓaka cikin gine-ginen da kuma kamfanin gidaje na Het Oosten (wanda yanzu {{Interlanguage link|Stadgenoot|nl}} ) ne ke da alhakin kula da wajen ginin. <ref name="DASH"/> Dangane da haya, kamfanin ya amince ya karɓi kuɗin haya ba fiye da abin da ya kashe wajen gyaran gine-ginen ba. Daga baya wani mai haya ya ƙalubalanci wannan kwangilar, wanda ke zaune a Tetterode tun daga shekarar 1990 zuwa gaba. Ya yi zargin cewa Stadgenoot ya karɓi kuɗin Yuro miliyan 1.1 fiye da yadda ya kamata; lokacin da wani kwamiti mai zaman kansa wanda farfesa daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Delft ya jagoranta ya tantance halin da ake ciki a shekarar 2016, ya yanke shawarar cewa Stadgenoot ya karɓi kuɗin haya fiye da kima, amma da ƙarancin Yuro 500,000. Mai haya ya soki ƙungiyar mazauna Tetterode kuma a shekarar 2018 wani alkali ya yi masa gargaɗi da ya daina yin tsokaci. Ya ci gaba da yin hakan kuma aka kore shi a shekarar 2020. <ref name="Graaff" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2008, ayyukan da ake amfani da su a cikin ginin Tetterode sun haɗa da gidan adana kayan fasaha, bita na fasaha da sana'o'i, shagon tufafi, cibiyar ba da shawara ga 'yan ƙasa, De Trut, mai gyaran gashi, makarantar yara (wanda ake kira {{Lang|nl|De Tettertjes}} ), firinta, mai yin takalma da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo. <ref name="DCS">{{Cite web |last=Carr-Smith |first=David |title=Improvised homes in Amsterdam industrial squats – Tetterode |url=http://www.davecarrsmith.co.uk/D-WWW_TET-2_WRK-SPACS.htm |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=davecarrsmith.co.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ginin Tetterode kai tsaye/aiki ya yi bikin cika shekaru arba'in da kafuwa kuma mahalarta sun gudanar da baje kolin a {{Interlanguage link|De Hallen|nl|De Hallen (Amsterdam)}} . Ayyukan da aka yi amfani da rukunin sun haɗa da gidan adana kayan fasaha, gidan kayan tarihi na Eddie the Eagle, mai gyaran gashi, [[Yin takalma|mai yin takalma]], firintocin stencil da {{Lang|nl|De Trut}} A wancan lokacin, kimanin mutane 150 ne ke zaune a cikin gine-ginen; wani littafi mai suna {{Lang|nl|Zeggenschap zonder bezit}} An buga ( ''ikon sarrafawa ba tare da mallaka ba'' ) duka suna rikodin tarihin gama gari kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa gine-ginen zama/aiki na iya zama samfuri mai amfani don inganta biranen Holland. <ref name="DASH"/> == Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka == [[Fayil:Kraakpand_Rode_Tetter_(Tetterode)_in_Amsterdam,_Bestanddeelnr_933-1161.jpg|alt=Black and white photograph of Tetterode with a banner saying (in translation) "You can demolish Wyers but not the ideas!"|right|thumb|An yi masa ado a shekarar 1984 tare da tuta mai goyon bayan squat ɗin Wyers]] * Marubuta daban-daban (2020) ''Zeggenschap zonder bezit'' ( ''Sarrafa ba tare da mallaka ba'' ) * Nuis, Ad (2011) ''30 jaar Tetterode'' ( ''Shekaru talatin na Tetterode'' ) * Marubuta daban-daban (2000) ''Thuis in Tetterode'' ( ''A gida a Tetterode'' ) * Satumba, Peter (1999) ''Tetterode complex: Van kraakaffair tot volkshuisvestingsmodel'' ( ''Tetterode complex: Daga squat zuwa tsarin gidaje na jama'a'' ) * Marubuta daban-daban (1991) ''Tetter Ode'' == Manazarta == 0goqd8i3ctbed7wxj8dudywfy44ubvp 0 161271 890176 880659 2026-08-01T14:40:05Z BnHamid 12586 890176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Martha Lillard''' {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] q54fsixbf5olqy5lt7xw329gfkset8r 890177 890176 2026-08-01T14:41:54Z BnHamid 12586 Improving 890177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Martha Ann Lillard''' (8 ga Yuni, 1948 - 26 ga Yuni, 2026) 'yar Amurka ce da ta tsira daga cutar shan inna, wadda, bayan mutuwar Paul Alexander, ta zama itace ta ƙarshe da aka sani a Amurka wanda har yanzu tana dogara da huhun ƙarfe. Ta kamu da cutar shan inna a shekarar 1953, lokacin tana da shekaru biyar. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] f341t3i6hn82hze2rr8jbodlialt16h 890178 890177 2026-08-01T14:42:32Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 890178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Martha Ann Lillard''' (8 ga Yuni, 1948 - 26 ga Yuni, 2026) 'yar Amurka ce da ta tsira daga cutar shan inna, wadda, bayan mutuwar Paul Alexander, ta zama itace ta ƙarshe da aka sani a Amurka wanda har yanzu tana dogara da huhun ƙarfe. Ta kamu da cutar shan inna a shekarar 1953, lokacin tana da shekaru biyar.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Kelly |first=Erin |date=October 25, 2021 |title=Decades After Polio, Martha Is Among the Last to Still Rely on an Iron Lung to Breathe |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/10/25/1047691984/decades-after-polio-martha-is-among-the-last-to-still-rely-on-an-iron-lung-to-br |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313162045/https://www.npr.org/2021/10/25/1047691984/decades-after-polio-martha-is-among-the-last-to-still-rely-on-an-iron-lung-to-br |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |work=[[All Things Considered]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |access-date=April 14, 2024}}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] 2z5wbhkfrj978w48mnxlf9a00zn0s00 0 161304 890224 880813 2026-08-01T16:29:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thomas Malcolm Rowe''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1988) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda galibi yake buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] [[Manchester United F.C.|ta Manchester United]], inda yake ɗan wasa-koci a makarantarsu . == Sana'a == === Gundumar Stockport === An haifi Rowe a Wythenshawe, Manchester, kuma ya fara aikinsa tun yana yaro tare da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a 2002. <ref name="Career History">{{Cite web |title=Career History |url=http://www.uptheposh.com/people/4982/career/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606225916/http://www.uptheposh.com/people/4982/career/ |archive-date=6 June 2014 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=Up The Posh!}}</ref> Ya shiga tsarin matasa na Stockport County a shekara mai zuwa, <ref name="Career History" /> kuma ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar farko a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Watford da ci 4-1 a zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA a watan Janairun 2007. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Stockport da Notts County a Edgeley Park a watan Fabrairun 2008, sannan ya ci kwallaye uku a Rotherham United ' yan kwanaki bayan haka, wanda hakan ya sa manajan Stockport County Jim Gannon ya ce, ''"A zahiri, shi ɗan wasa ne mai ƙoshin lafiya tare da motsa jiki na Premier kuma a zahiri yana da kyau sosai. Wannan kyakkyawan aiki ne.&nbsp;– abu ɗaya tilo shi ne wataƙila masu neman 'yan wasa na Ingila ba za su zo su kalle shi ba. Na faɗa masa da kaina, ina ganin yana da kyakkyawar makoma."'' Rowe ya buga wasanni 30 a kakar wasa ta 2007–08, gami da dukkan wasannin share fage, yayin da Stockport ta lashe gasar League One . <ref name="Games played by Tommy Rowe in 2007/2008">{{Cite web |title=Games played by Tommy Rowe in 2007/2008 |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=45974&season_id=137 |access-date=20 June 2009 |website=Soccerbase}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa, Rowe ya lashe kyautar matashin ɗan wasa na shekara ta ƙungiyar. <ref name="Tommy Rowe (Midfielder)">{{Cite web |date=12 December 2008 |title=Tommy Rowe (Midfielder) |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/stockport_county/s/1085203_tommy_rowe_midfielder |access-date=20 June 2009 |website=Manchester Evening News |quote=His consistent performances throughout the 2007–08 season led to him cementing his place as first-choice left-winger as well as landing him County's Young Player of the Year Award.}}</ref> Ya sake buga wasanni 50 a Stockport a kakar wasa ta 2008-09. <ref name="Games played by Tommy Rowe in 2008/2009">{{Cite web |title=Games played by Tommy Rowe in 2008/2009 |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=45974&season_id=138 |access-date=20 June 2009 |website=Soccerbase}}</ref> === Peterborough United === Bayan da Stockport ta fara aiki a ƙarshen Afrilun 2009, masu gudanarwa sun sayar da Rowe don tara kuɗaɗen da ake buƙata ga ƙungiyar. <ref name="Official statement">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2009 |title=Official statement |url=http://www.stockportcounty.com/page/LatestNews/0,,10419~1654887,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723103137/http://www.stockportcounty.com/page/LatestNews/0,,10419~1654887,00.html |archive-date=23 July 2011 |access-date=20 June 2009 |publisher=Stockport County FC |quote=The sale of SCFC player Thomas Malcolm, "Tommy", Rowe to Peterborough United Football Club was agreed late yesterday, Monday 11 May. Given the club's perilous financial position this sale has been necessary to raise the funds which will be required to pay ongoing critical trading costs, including wages.}}</ref> Rowe ya koma ƙungiyar League One Peterborough United kan £225,000 a kwangilar shekaru uku a watan Mayun 2009. Ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko ga Peterborough a wasan da suka yi da Wycombe da ci 4-0 a zagaye na farko na gasar League Cup a farkon kakar wasa ta 2009-10. Bayan ya zama ɗan wasa na yau da kullun a ƙungiyar Peterborough, Rowe ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2010/11 ta hanyar zira ƙwallon farko a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-0 akan Huddersfield Town a wasan ƙarshe na gasar League One, inda suka lashe gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa . An nada Rowe a matsayin kyaftin na Peterborough a kakar wasa ta 2012-13 amma ƙungiyar ta fuskanci koma baya duk da cewa ta kai maki 54. Ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ''Posh'' na wani kakar wasa a League One, inda ya ɗaga Kofin Kwallon Kafa bayan nasarar da suka samu a kan Chesterfield da ci 3-1. Duk da haka, bayan rashin nasara a wasan share fage da Leyton Orient ta yi, an nada Rowe a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da ba za a ba su sabuwar kwangila ba. Jimilla ya buga wasanni 199 a ƙungiyar, inda ya zira kwallaye 27. === Wolverhampton Wanderers === Bayan kwangilarsa da Peterborough, Rowe ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu a ranar 3 ga Yuni 2014 tare da sabuwar ƙungiyar Championship Wolverhampton Wanderers . Bayan ya shawo kan karyewar yatsan ƙafa da ya samu a lokacin shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2014 |title=Injured Tommy Rowe in time out for Wolves |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2014/07/14/injured-tommy-rowe-facing-time-out-for-wolves/ |publisher=Express & Star |access-date=11 July 2026 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407231123/https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2014/07/14/injured-tommy-rowe-facing-time-out-for-wolves/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa a ranar 30 ga Agusta 2014 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2014 |title=Wolves 3–1 Blackburn |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/28906119 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Rowe ya kasa kafa kansa a ƙungiyar farko ta Wolves, galibi yana bayyana ne kawai a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa kafin ya karye ƙashi a ƙafarsa a ranar Boxing Day 2014 kuma an yi masa tiyata. Matsalar sake dawowarsa ta sa ya kasa sake buga wasa a kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2015 |title=Wolves: Tommy Rowe suffers injury recurrence |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/wolves-tommy-rowe-suffers-injury-8920588 |website=Birmingham Mail}}</ref> Rowe ya buga wa Wolves wasa ɗaya tilo a gasar League Cup a farkon kakar wasa ta 2015-16 kafin a ba shi aro a watan Oktoba ga ƙungiyar League One Scunthorpe United na tsawon watanni da dama. Bayan ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar iyayensa a ƙarshen watan Fabrairun 2016, an sake ba shi aro, inda ya koma Doncaster Rovers a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa, inda ya haɗu da tsohon kocinsa Darren Ferguson . Ya fara buga wasa daga baya a wannan ranar a wasan da suka sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa Peterborough United amma bai iya hana ƙungiyar komawa gasar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Doncaster 1-2 Peterborough: Santos pops up in added time |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/doncaster-vs-peterboro/report/340518 |access-date=26 March 2016 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa, ƙungiyar iyayensa ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiragin Rowe ba. Ya buga wasanni 18 a ƙungiyar tsawon shekaru biyu. === Rovers na Doncaster === A ranar 18 ga Mayu 2016, Rowe ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru 3 na dindindin a League Two Side Doncaster Rovers, wanda hakan ya zama dan wasa na farko da Ferguson ya saya a lokacin bazara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Forever Rowe-vers |url=http://www.doncasterroversfc.co.uk/news/article/forever-rowe-vers-3118138.aspx}}</ref> Doncaster ya ba shi sabuwar kwangila a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=Doncaster Rovers: Tommy Rowe, Andy Butler & Danny Andrew offered new deals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48365098 |access-date=22 May 2019 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Birnin Bristol === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2019, Rowe ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da ƙungiyar Championship Bristol City . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2019 |title=City sign Rowe and Gilmartin |url=https://www.bcfc.co.uk/news/city-sign-rowe-and-gilmartin/ |access-date=2019-07-02 |website=Bristol City |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2021, Rowe ya bar Bristol City saboda kwantiraginsa ya kare. === Komawa zuwa Doncaster Rovers === A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2021, an sanar da cewa Rowe ya sake komawa Doncaster Rovers. A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2024, kulob din ya sanar da cewa zai sake shi a lokacin bazara da zarar kwantiraginsa ya kare. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-15 |title=Tommy Rowe: Doncaster midfielder one of seven released by club |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c88z8ppq8ypo |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Komawa Manchester United === Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a gasar Premier, Rowe ya koma [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] fiye da shekaru ashirin bayan ya bar kungiyar, inda ya dauki matsayin 'yan wasa-koci tare da kungiyar makarantar . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Harry |date=2 September 2024 |title=Academy Weekly: Successful window ends |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/academy-weekly-2-september-2024 |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=ManUtd.com |publisher=Manchester United}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Railston |first=Steven |date=3 September 2024 |title=Why a 35-year-old who last played for Doncaster has joined Man United |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/manchester-united-signed-35-year-29853902 |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=Manchester Evening News}}</ref> Rowe ya buga gasar EFL ta 2024–25, yana sanye da lamba 47. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Kanin Tommy, Danny, shi ma ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 12 November 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Club statistics ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Stockport County | align="center" |[[2006–07 Stockport County F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name="Stockport 2006/2007 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Stockport 2006/2007 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?search=Man+City&team_id=2473&type=team&teamTabs=stats |access-date=2 February 2013 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |League Two |4 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- |2007–08<ref name="Stockport County 2007/2008 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Stockport 2007/2008 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?search=Man+City&team_id=2473&type=team&teamTabs=stats |access-date=2 February 2013 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |League Two |24 |6 |1 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |30 |6 |- |2008–09<ref name="Stockport 2008/2009 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Stockport 2008/2009 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?search=Man+City&team_id=2473&type=team&teamTabs=stats |access-date=2 February 2013 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |League One |44 |7 |4 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |50 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !72 !13 !6 !0 !1 !0 !6 !0 !85 !13 |- | rowspan="6" |Peterborough United | align="center" |2009–10<ref name="Peterborough 2009/2010 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Peterborough 2009/2010 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1996&teamTabs=stats |access-date=2 February 2013 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |Championship |32 |2 |0 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |35 |3 |- |2010–11<ref name="Peteborough 2010/2011 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Peterborough 2010/2011 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1996&teamTabs=stats |access-date=2 February 2013 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |League One |35 |5 |2 |0 |3 |0 |3 |1 |43 |6 |- |2011–12 |Championship |43 |4 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |46 |4 |- |2012–13<ref name="Peterborough 2012/2013 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Peterborough 2012/2013 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1996&teamTabs=stats |access-date=2 February 2013 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |Championship |31 |5 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |32 |5 |- |2013–14<ref name="Peterborough 2013/2014 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Peterborough 2013/2014 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1996&teamTabs=stats |access-date=2 February 2013 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |League One |34 |7 |1 |1 |3 |1 |5 |0 |43 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !175 !23 !5 !1 !11 !2 !8 !1 !199 !27 |- | rowspan="3" |Wolverhampton Wanderers |2014–15<ref name="Wolves 2014/2015 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Wolves 2014/2015 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=2848&teamTabs=stats |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |Championship |14 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |0 |- |2015–16<ref name="Wolves 2015/16 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Wolves 2015/16 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=2848&teamTabs=stats |access-date=18 May 2016 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |Championship |3 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !17 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !18 !0 |- |Scunthorpe United |2015–16<ref name="Scunthorpe United 2015/16 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Scunthorpe United 2015/16 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=2263&teamTabs=stats |access-date=18 May 2016 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |League One |14 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |14 |1 |- | rowspan="5" |Doncaster Rovers |2015–16<ref name="Doncaster Rovers 2015/16 player appearances">{{Cite web |title=Doncaster Rovers 2015/16 player appearances |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=800&teamTabs=stats |access-date=18 May 2016 |publisher=Soccerbase}}</ref> |League One |10 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |10 |3 |- |2016–17 |League Two |46 |13 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |47 |13 |- |2017–18 |League One |40 |4 |3 |4 |3 |1 |1 |0 |47 |9 |- |2018–19 |League One |32 |5 |4 |0 |1 |0 |3 |1 |40 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !128 !25 !7 !4 !5 !1 !4 !1 !144 !31 |- | rowspan="3" |Bristol City |2019–20 |Championship |29 |2 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |31 |2 |- |2020–21 |Championship |31 |1 |2 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |36 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !3 !3 !0 !4 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !67 !3 |- | rowspan="3" |Doncaster Rovers |2021–22<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tommy Rowe {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Doncaster Rovers {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=45974&season_id=154 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=soccerbase.com}}</ref> |League One |43 |7 |2 |1 |1 |0 |4 |0 |50 |8 |- |2022–23<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tommy Rowe {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Doncaster Rovers {{!}} Season 2022/2023 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=45974&season_id=155 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=soccerbase.com}}</ref> |League Two |24 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |24 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !67 !8 !2 !1 !1 !0 !4 !0 !74 !9 |- |Manchester United U21 |2024–25 |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="FLT" /> |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career totals !533 !73 !23 !6 !23 !3 !24 !2 !603 !84 |}   == Daraja == '''Gundumar Stockport''' * Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu : 2008 '''Peterborough United''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta League One : 2011 * Kofin Gasar Kwallon Kafa : 2013–14 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ɗan wasan Doncaster Rovers na shekara : 2021–22 <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=Rowe determined to repay faith of supporters after new deal |url=https://www.doncasterroversfc.co.uk/news/2022/june/rowe-quotes/ |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=doncasterroversfc.co.uk |publisher=Doncaster Rovers}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Tommy Rowe at Soccerbase [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ctp0m9eeafjq22317urbe1fsj2k3pwj 0 161378 890222 881463 2026-08-01T16:11:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tom Breese''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1991) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke fafatawa a cikin rukunin Matsakaicin nauyi da ƙananan nauyi. Kwararren mai fafatawa tun shekara ta 2010, ya taba fafatawa a gasar Ultimate Fighting Championship, Professional Fighters League (PFL), Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (KSW), da BAMMA . == Tarihi == An haife Breese a Birmingham ga mahaifin Welsh kuma uwa 'yar Ingila, ya fara horar da MMA yana da shekaru 16. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Breese ya halarci jami'a amma daga baya ya daina zuwa domin neman aiki a fannin fasahar yaƙi iri-iri. [1] A matsayinsa na ɗan kokawa mai nasara kuma mai fafatawa a jiu-jitsu, ya lashe gasar kokawa ta 'yan ƙasa ta 'yan wasa, [1] da kuma kammalawa a matsayi na biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IBJJF lokacin da yake da bel mai launin shunayya. == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === Farkon aiki === Breese ya tattara tarihin wasansa na 3-0-1 kafin ya fara buga wasa a BAMMA a shekarar 2010. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Breese ya yi yaƙi ne kawai a ƙasarsa ta Ingila kuma ya tara rikodin da ba a ci nasara ba na 7-0 tare da duka sai dai nasara ɗaya da ke zuwa ta hanyar miƙa wuya kafin ya shiga Ultimate Fighting Championship a cikin 2015. <ref name="UFCprofile">{{Cite web |title=Tom Breese – Official UFC Fighter Profile |url=https://www.ufc.com/athlete/tom-breese |access-date=26 February 2016 |publisher=[[Ultimate Fighting Championship|UFC]]}}</ref> === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === Breese ya fara gabatar da kara a kan Luiz Dutra Jr. a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2015 a UFC Fight Night 67 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2015 |title=UFC Fight Night 67 adds two fights, including Ryan Jimmo vs. Francimar Barroso |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2015/04/ufc-fight-night-67-adds-two-fights-including-ryan-jimmo-vs-francimar-barroso |website=[[MMAjunkie.com]]}}</ref> Breese ya lashe yakin ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na farko bayan ya sauke abokin hamayyarsa tare da madaidaiciya hagu kuma ya biyo baya tare da ƙasa da fam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2015 |title=UFC Fight Night 67 results: Tom Breese pounds out Luiz Dutra late in first round |url=http://mmajunkie.com/2015/05/ufc-fight-night-67-results-tom-breese-pounds-out-luiz-dutra-late-in-first-round |access-date=29 October 2015 |publisher=mmajunkie.com}}</ref> Breese ya fuskanci Cathal Pendred a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 2015 a UFC Fight Night 76 . Breese ya mamaye yakin tare da musayar musayar a kan hanyar zuwa wani nasarar TKO a zagaye na farko. A cikin irin wannan salon da ya fara UFC, Breese ya sauke abokin hamayyarsa tare da madaidaiciya hagu kuma ya biyo baya da ƙasa da fam don samun nasarar TKO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UFC Dublin knockout video: Tom Breese destroys Cathal Pendred in round 1 |url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/10/24/9608084/ufc-dublin-knockout-video-tom-breese-destroys-cathal-pendred-mma-news |access-date=29 October 2015 |publisher=bloodyelbow.com |archive-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026211745/http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2015/10/24/9608084/ufc-dublin-knockout-video-tom-breese-destroys-cathal-pendred-mma-news |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nasarar ta kuma ba shi lambar yabo ta farko ta Performance of the Night.<ref name="ufn76b">{{Cite web |date=25 October 2015 |title=Tom Breese's post-UFC Fight Night 76 plan? Move out of Tristar dorms |url=http://mmajunkie.com/2015/10/tom-breeses-post-ufc-fight-night-76-plan-move-out-of-tristar-dorms |access-date=29 October 2015 |publisher=mmajunkie.com}}</ref> Breese ta fuskanci Keita Nakamura a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2016 a UFC Fight Night 84. Ya lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dave Doyle |date=27 February 2016 |title=UFC Fight Night 84 results: Tom Breese struggles to get past Keita Nakamura |url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2016/2/27/11127324/ufc-fight-night-84-results-tom-breese-struggles-to-get-past-keita |access-date=27 February 2016 |publisher=mmafighting.com}}</ref> Breese ya fuskanci Sean Strickland a ranar 4 ga Yuni 2016 a UFC 199 . Ya rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ta raba, yana nuna asarar farko a cikin aikin Breese.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2016 |title=UFC 199 results: Sean Strickland edges Tom Breese by split decision |url=http://mmajunkie.com/2016/06/ufc-199-results-sean-strickland-edges-tom-breese-by-split-decision-1 |access-date=5 June 2016 |website=MMAjunkie}}</ref> === Matakan Yaki League === Bayan janyewa daga gwagwarmayarsa ta ƙarshe, an saki Breese daga UFC kuma ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar gwagwarmaya da yawa tare da Levels Fight League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-27 |title=UFC vet Tom Breese signs with Levels Fight League, headlines March 13 event |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/01/mma-news-ufc-veteran-tom-breese-signs-with-levels-fight-league-headlines-march-13-event |access-date=2022-01-27 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> Breese ya fara fafatawa da David Ramirez a LFL 4 a ranar 13 ga Maris 2022. Ya lashe yakin ta hanyar mika wuya saboda tsirara a baya a 1:46 na zagaye na biyu, ya lashe lambar yabo ta LFL a cikin tsari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Breese vs. David Ramires, Levels Fight League 4 {{!}} MMA Bout |url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/bouts/632042-levels-fight-league-4-tom-breese-vs-david-ramirez |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=Tapology |language=en}}</ref> Breese ya kare matsayinsa a kan Ahmed Sami a Levels Fight League 5 a ranar 26 ga Yuni 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2022-06-15 |title=Former UFC Middleweight Tom Breese to Defend Title at Levels Fight League 5 |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/06/15/former-ufc-middleweight-tom-breese-defend-title-levels-fight-league-5/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar kuma ya ci gaba da taken, ya mika Sami a zagaye na biyu ta hanyar guillotine choking.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-04 |title=Two Team Renegade fighters crowned World Champions {{!}} MMA UK |url=https://mmauk.net/2022/07/04/two-team-renegade-fighters-crowned-world-champions/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki === Breese ya fara buga wasan farko na KSW a kan Damian Janikowski a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2022, a KSW 74, inda ya ci nasara ta hanyar guillotine a zagaye na biyu, tare da dakatar da wasan bayan mai ba da izini ya yi tunanin cewa Janikowski ya buga lokacin da ya ce bai yi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-10 |title=KSW 74: Kontrowersyjne przerwanie w walce Janikowski vs. Breese - myMMA.pl |url=https://mymma.pl/ksw-74-kontrowersyjne-przerwanie-w-walce-janikowski-vs-breese/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |language=pl-PL}}</ref> A cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa na biyu, Breese ya fuskanci Paweł Pawlak a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2022, a KSW 76: Parnasse vs. Rajewski, ya rasa yakin ta hanyar ƙasa da fam TKO a zagaye na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stachura |first=Bartłomiej |date=13 November 2022 |title=(VIDEO) Znów kontrowersje z Tomem Breese! Paweł Pawlak wygrywa przez techniczny nokaut! |url=https://www.lowking.pl/video-znow-kontrowersje-z-tomem-breese-pawel-pawlak-wygrywa-przez-techniczny-nokaut/ |access-date=19 March 2023 |website=Lowking.pl |language=pl-PL}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== dp69uii9tuk6qhx6nzr836fzbx6r336 0 161400 890146 881627 2026-08-01T14:23:10Z BnHamid 12586 sanya databox using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] 890146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Q   dates|date=May 2026}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Ayotunde Ayomide Phillips | image = | image_size = | caption = | office1 = [[Chief Judge of Lagos State]] | term_start1 = 10 June 2012 | term_end1 = 26 July 2014 | office2 = | term_start2 = | term_end2 = | office3 = | term_start3 = | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = [[Inumidun Akande]] | successor3 = [[Oluwafunmilayo Olajumoke Atilade]] | birth_name = Ayotunde Adeyoola Williams | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1949|07|26}} | birth_place = [[London]], UK | death_date = | death_place = | party = }} '''Ayotunde Ayomide Phillips''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1949) lauya ce ta Najeriya kuma tsohon [[Alƙalin Alƙalin Jihar Legas|Babban Alkalin Jihar Legas]] .<ref>{{Cite news |title=Moral issues raised over Lagos Chief Judge's book launch. - P.M. NEWS Nigeria |url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/12/01/moral-issues-raised-over-lagos-chief-judges-book-launch/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=JUSTICE AYOTUNDE PHILLIP's son marries baby mama |url=http://encomium.ng/justice-ayotunde-phillips-son-marries-baby-mama/ |work=Encomium Magazine}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Ayotunde Ayomide Williams a ranar 26 ga Yuli 1949, a [[Landan]], ɗan fari na marigayi Mai Shari'a [[James Oladipo Williams]] da Henrietta Aina Williams, alƙali da aka haifa a [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Justice Ayotunde Phillips Archives - The Nation |url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/tag/justice-ayotunde-phillips/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929135336/http://thenationonlineng.net/new/tag/justice-ayotunde-phillips/ |archive-date=2013-09-29 |access-date=2015-04-24 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> a halarci makarantar firamare a London kafin ta koma Najeriya tare da dan uwanta, Oluwafunmilayo Olajumoke Atilade . Ta sami jarrabawar takardar shaidar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma a [[Queen's College, Lagos|Kwalejin Sarauniya, Legas]], da Ibadan Grammar School kafin ta ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a watan Yunin 1973. Ta kammala aikin tilas na shekara guda na Matasa a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Enugu kuma an kira ta zuwa mashaya a shekara ta 1974.<ref>{{Cite news |title=And Philips steps in |url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/the-law-you/and-philips-steps-in/ |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826051756/http://www.punchng.com/feature/the-law-you/and-philips-steps-in/ |archivedate=2012-08-26 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan lauya == Ta fara aikinta a [[Kehinde Sofola]]'s Chambers a watan Nuwamba 1975, shekara guda bayan an kira ta zuwa mashaya. Ta bar majalisar a watan Satumbar 1976 don shiga ayyukan Kamfanin Ci Gaban Jihar Legas da Dukiya a matsayin Jami'in Shari'a kuma ta hau matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a a shekarar 1990, a wannan shekarar ta sami canji zuwa Ma'aikatar Shari'a inda ta kai matsayin Alkalin Babban Kotun a shekarar 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Our Correspondent |title=New Telegraph – Lagos CJ: Historic succession of two sisters |url=http://newtelegraphonline.com/lagos-cj-historic-succession-of-two-sisters/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514111130/http://newtelegraphonline.com/lagos-cj-historic-succession-of-two-sisters/ |archive-date=2015-05-14 |website=newtelegraphonline.com}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2012, [[Babatunde Fashola]] ta nada ta a matsayin [[Alƙalin Alƙalin Jihar Legas|Babban Alkalin]] kuma bayan da ta yi ritaya a watan Yunin 2014, Mai Shari'a Oluwafunmilayo Olajumoke Atilade, ƙanwarta ta gaje ta.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fashola Swears in Atilade as Lagos Chief Judge, Articles - THISDAY LIVE |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/fashola-swears-in-atilade-as-lagos-chief-judge/186904/ |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402163608/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/fashola-swears-in-atilade-as-lagos-chief-judge/186904/ |archivedate=2015-04-02 |newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/atilade-makes-history-succeeds-sibling-acting-lagos-chief-judge/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Atilade makes history, succeeds sibling as acting Lagos Chief Judge|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nymts6vy7oxmz9rqqr1i62v6z5lagpa 0 161431 890216 881740 2026-08-01T15:50:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josiah Timothy Tinat Abui''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1985) ɗan wasan hockey ne na Najeriya da Italiya1985) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Najeriya da Italiya wanda ya wakilci ƙasarsa a Wasannin Afirka na 2003 a [[Abuja|Abuja, Najeriya]], a matsayin mai tsaron gida, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Men's - Preliminaries Match 1 - Finished / Hommes - Preliminaires Match 1 - Fini Hockey / Hockey |url=https://egyptianhockey.tripod.com/HOC01.htm |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=Egyptian Hockey }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> tare da ƙungiyar Najeriya ta zo ta 4 bayan ta sha kashi a Ghana 2:1 a wasan na 3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Men Field Hockey Africa Games 2003 Abuja (NGR) - 10-16.10 Winner Egypt |url=http://www.todor66.com/hockey/field/Africa/Men_AG_2003.html |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=Todor66}}</ref> Ya sake fitowa a Wasannin Afirka da Asiya na farko da aka shirya a [[Hyderabad]], [[Indiya]], har yanzu a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. wanda ya wakilci ƙasarsa a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta 2003 da aka yi a [[Abuja|Abuja, Najeriya]], a matsayin mai tsaron baya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Men's - Preliminaries Match 1 - Finished / Hommes - Preliminaires Match 1 - Fini Hockey / Hockey |url=https://egyptianhockey.tripod.com/HOC01.htm |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=Egyptian Hockey }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> inda ƙungiyar Najeriya ta zo ta 4 bayan ta sha kashi a hannun Ghana da ci 2:1 a wasan da ya zo na 3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Men Field Hockey Africa Games 2003 Abuja (NGR) - 10-16.10 Winner Egypt |url=http://www.todor66.com/hockey/field/Africa/Men_AG_2003.html |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=Todor66}}</ref> Ya sake fitowa a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta Asiya ta farko da aka shirya a [[Hyderabad]], [[Indiya]], har yanzu a watan Oktoban 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=381 Afro Asian Games Stock Photos and High-res Pictures |url=https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/photos/afro-asian-games?page=2 |access-date=16 March 2025 |website=GettyImages}}</ref> == Sana'aAyyuka == A shekara ta 2007, Tinat ya koma [[Sardiniya|Sardinia]], Italiya, don buga wa Cus Cagliari wasa. Yayinda yake can, ya zama mai goyon baya sosai ga wasan a Sardinia. Cus Cagliari wasa. A lokacin da yake can, ya zama mai goyon bayan wasan a Sardinia. <ref name="La Pro.">{{Cite web |date=9 November 2017 |title=Venerdì mattina alla Fiera di Cagliari si terrà il convegno "Lo sport come strumento di integrazione". |url=https://www.laprovinciadelsulcisiglesiente.com/tag/josiah-timothy-tinat/ |access-date=16 March 2025 |publisher=La Provincia |language=it}}</ref> == Aikin Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Tinat a shekarar 2016 Tinat a cikin 2016 ya rubuta wani aikin wallafe-wallafen kan ƙaura rubuta wani littafi na adabi game da ƙaura: == Rayuwa ta mutum == Lokacin da Tinat isa Cagliari, ya sadu kuma ya auri wata mace ta Sardinia isa Cagliari, ya haɗu da wata mace 'yar Sardinia kuma ya auri ta. <ref name="La Pro."/><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 3hb8vwzqcuv46fi4jcz3007gulwjg67 0 161466 890483 881930 2026-08-02T09:54:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ü-Tsang''' yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna uku na Tibet, sauran su ne Amdo a arewa maso gabas da Kham a gabas. A fannin ƙasa Ü-Tsang ya rufe kwandon ruwa na Yarlung Tsangpo, gundumomin yammacin da ke kewaye da [[Dutsen Kailash]], da kuma yawancin tsaunin Changtang zuwa arewa. [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] sun bayyana iyakar kudancin Ü-Tsang. Ü-Tsang ita ce cibiyar al'adun mutanen Tibet . An kafa ta ne ta hanyar haɗa cibiyoyin wutar lantarki guda biyu na Ü ( Wylie a baya. ), wanda zuriyar Gelug ta addinin Buddha ta Tibet ke iko da shi a ƙarƙashin Dalai Lamas na farko, da Tsang ( Wylie ), wanda ya fara daga Gyantse zuwa yamma kuma dangin Sakya mai hamayya ne ke iko da shi. Nasarorin soja da Khoshut Güshi Khan wanda ya goyi bayan Dalai Lama na 5 ya samu sun ƙarfafa iko a kan yankin da aka haɗa. An haɗa yankin Ngari a arewa maso yamma cikin Ü-Tsang bayan Yaƙin Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal . Daular Yarlung ta mulki kwarurukan Yarlung da Chongye a Ü daga kusan shekara ta 127 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), inda ta faɗaɗa a yawancin yankunan Tibet a zamanin Daular Tibet har zuwa ƙarni na 9. A ƙarni na baya, daular Rinpungpa da daular Tsangpa sun bayyana a Tsang. Bayan Khoshut Güshi Khan da mabiyan Dalai Lama na 5 sun yi nasara a kan sarkin Tsang Karma Tenkyong da mabiyan Karmapa, Güshi Khan ya bai wa Dalai Lama jagorancin ruhaniya da na duniya na Tibet, wanda ya ci gaba da kafa gwamnatin Ganden Phodrang a shekara ta 1642 kuma ya gina Fadar Potala a Lhasa . Mulkin kai tsaye da na kai tsaye na Daular Qing ya fara ne a shekara ta 1720 a ƙarƙashin Sarkin Qianlong kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa juyin juya halin 1911. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Annand |first=Dibyesh |date=February 2009 |title=Strategic Hypocrisy: The British Imperial Scripting of Tibet's Geopolitical Identity |url=http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/6643/1/Anand_2009_as_published.pdf |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=68 |pages=227–252 |doi=10.1017/s0021911809000011 |via=WestminsterResearch |access-date=2026-07-13 |archive-date=2017-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808022131/http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/6643/1/Anand_2009_as_published.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1950, an zargi ƙungiyar Panchen Lama da amfani da Tsang da Ü don "haifar da rashin jituwa". Yankin Tibet mai cin gashin kansa na yanzu yana daidai da Ü-Tsang da yammacin Kham . Yaren Lhasa ya zama ''harshen da aka fi amfani da shi'' a cikin Ü-Tsang, kuma yaren Tibetan Exile koiné ya dogara ne akan shi. ==Manazarta== acec8bv0ihhoanlg6b377ben7j1n7pw 0 161485 890480 882238 2026-08-02T09:45:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Júnior José Correia''' (an haife shi 22 Oktoba 1996), wanda aka fi sani da '''Zé Turbo''', ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Bissau-Guine wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na ƙungiyar Rasha Pari NN . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turbo |first=Ze |title=Ze Turbo |url=https://sg.soccerway.com/player/ze-turbo/rFByn4aT/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> Ya kasance cikin sahun gaba a Sporting da Inter Milan tun yana matashi, amma bai buga wasa a manyan kungiyoyi biyu ba, maimakon haka ya samu aro a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a Portugal, Italiya da Spain. A shekarar 2018 ya koma Kudancin Amurka kuma ya wakilci Newell's Old Boys of Argentina da Club Nacional of Paraguay, kafin ya yi wasa a Switzerland, China, Qatar da Rasha. == Aikin kulob == === Wasanni === An kafa Zé Turbo a Real Sport Clube kafin ya koma Sporting Clube de Portugal a shekarar 2014. Bayan ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi da Maribor [[Lisbon|a]] gasar matasa ta UEFA, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar tare da yarjejeniyar sayen €45 miliyan a watan Nuwamba, a tsakiyar sha'awar da wasu ƙungiyoyin Italiya da Ingila da kuma abokan hamayyar Sporting Benfica da Porto ke yi. === Inter Milan === A watan Fabrairun 2015, ya koma Inter Milan . A ranar 31 ga Mayu, a wasan ƙarshe na kakar wasa a gida da Empoli, an kira shi zuwa babban ƙungiyar a karon farko, inda bai yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-3. A ranar 4 ga Agusta 2016, an ba Zé Turbo aro ga ƙungiyar Primeira Liga ta Portugal Tondela a kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Kwanaki 16 bayan haka, ya fara buga wasa a Chaves, inda ya maye gurbin Miguel Cardoso a minti 19 na ƙarshe na wasan da suka tashi 1-1. A ranar 15 ga Janairu 2017, an ba shi aro ga Marbella a Segunda División B ta Spain har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. Ya fara wasa a gare su makonni biyu bayan haka a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Kike Márquez a minti na 82 a wasan da suka doke Atlético Mancha Real da ci 3-2 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marbella vs. Mancha Real – 29 January 2017 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/01/29/spain/segunda-b/ud-marbella/atletico-mancha-real-cf/2298129/ |access-date=2017-10-02 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Agusta 2017, Zé Turbo ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa kulob din Serie C na Catania a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 2 ga Satumba, inda ya buga mintuna tara na ƙarshe na rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Casertana a madadin Cristian Caccetta . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Casertana vs. Catania – 2 September 2017 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/02/italy/serie-c1/casertana-fc/calcio-catania/2574253/ |access-date=2017-10-02 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> An dakatar da kwangilarsa a ranar 17 ga Janairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2018 |title=José Correia dal Catania all'Inter, risoluzione della cessione a titolo temporaneo |url=http://www.calciocatania.it/article.php?id=34444&l= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118000131/http://www.calciocatania.it/article.php?id=34444&l= |archive-date=18 January 2018 |access-date=17 January 2018 |publisher=[[Calcio Catania]] |language=it}}</ref> Bayan zamansa a Catania, nan take aka ba da Zé Turbo aro ga SC Olhanese na Campeonato de Portugal na rukuni na uku har zuwa sauran kakar wasa . Ya buga wasanni 12 ga ƙungiyar daga Algarve kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a babban wasa don buɗe nasara 2-1 a Clube Olímpico do Montijo a ranar 15 ga Afrilu. === Kudancin Amurka === A watan Yulin 2018, Zé Turbo ya koma ƙungiyar Newell's Old Boys ta ƙungiyar Argentina Primera División, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2018 |title=Zé Turbo junta-se a Luís Leal nos argentinos do Newell's Old Boys |trans-title=Zé Turbo joins Luís Leal at Argentines Newell's Old Boys |url=https://www.record.pt/internacional/detalhe/ze-turbo-junta-se-a-luis-leal-nos-argentinos-do-newells-old-boys |access-date=19 August 2018 |website=Record |language=pt}}</ref> Ya buga wasa ɗaya a ƙungiyar daga Rosario, a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Luís Leal a minti na 70 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Club Atlético Aldosivi da ci 1-0 a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba. <ref name="capital" /> A farkon 2019 ya koma Club Nacional na Paraguay Primera División . === Switzerland === A ranar 17 ga Yulin 2019, Zé Turbo ya koma Turai kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din Swiss Challenge League FC Schaffhausen . Kwanaki goma sha ɗaya bayan haka, ya fara wasa a matsayin mai farawa, kakar wasa ta fara da rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun FC Vaduz, inda aka maye gurbinsa da [[Karim Barry]] bayan mintuna 58. A ranar 5 ga Oktoba ya zura kwallonsa ta farko, wasan ya kusa karewa da FC Chiasso . Bayan ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin wannan gasar, Zé Turbo ya soke kwangilarsa don komawa Grasshopper Club Zürich a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2020, kan yarjejeniyar har zuwa 2023. Ya zura kwallo ɗaya a sauran kakar wasa, a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke tsohon ma'aikacinsa da ci 5-3 a gida a ranar 21 ga Yuli. === Daga baya aiki === A watan Fabrairun 2021, Zé Turbo ya koma kulob din Nantong Zhiyun na rukuni na biyu na kasar Sin. Bayan shekaru biyu ya sanya hannu a kungiyar Al-Markhiya SC a gasar Qatar Stars League . A ranar 2 ga Agustan 2023, ya koma Turai tare da kungiyar Pari NN ta gasar Premier ta Rasha kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2023 |title=Зе Турбо – в Нижнем! |trans-title=Ze Turbo - in Nizhny! |url=https://fcnn.ru/nn-info/news/team/89694/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802104049/https://fcnn.ru/nn-info/news/team/89694/ |archive-date=2 August 2023 |access-date=2 August 2023 |website=fcnn.ru |language=Russian}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2025, kungiyar Pari NN ta ba shi aro ga AEL Limassol da ke Cyprus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=«Пари НН» отдал Зе Турбо в аренду |url=https://fcnn.ru/news/37626 |publisher=FC Pari Nizhny Novgorod |language=ru}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Zé Turbo ya fara buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta Guinea-Bissau wasa a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2023 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka da São Tomé da Príncipe, inda ya maye gurbin [[Mama Baldé]] a minti na 79. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=São Tomé and Príncipe v Guinea-Bissau game report |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/634772 |access-date=14 August 2023 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> A [[Gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afrika 2023|gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2023]] da aka gudanar a watan Janairu mai zuwa, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin duniya a matsayin karin lokaci a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]] da ci 4-2, kuma a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a karshen kakar wasa. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Kwanaki biyu bayan fara wasansa na farko a fannin sana'a, Zé Turbo ya yi hatsarin mota a Santa Comba Dão, inda ya samu rauni kadan a hannunsa. Zé Turbo ya yi tunanin yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa, amma ya ci gaba da yin wasa a cikin zuciyarta. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 7 December 2024}}<ref>{{Soccerway|jose-correia/373045}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !League !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="1" |Inter |2015–16 | rowspan="1" |Serie A |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |Tondela (loan) |2016–17 |Primiera Liga |7 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- |Marbella (loan) |2016–17 |Segunda B |13 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |Catania (loan) |2017–18 |Serie C |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- |Olhanense (loan) |2017–18 |Campeonato de Portugal |12 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |12 |1 |- |Newell's Old Boys |2018–19 |Argentine Primera División |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Club Nacional |2019 |Paraguayan Primera División |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- |Schaffhausen | rowspan="2" |2019–20 |Swiss Challenge League |18 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |2 |- |Grasshopper |Swiss Challenge League |13 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Nantong Zhiyun |2021 |China League One |32 |14 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |33 |14 |- |2022 |China League One |32 |20 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |20 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !64 !34 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !65 !34 |- |Al-Markhiya |2022–23 |Qatar Stars League |10 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |Nizhny Novgorod |2023–24 |Russian Premier League |23 |4 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in relegation play-offs}} |0 |29 |4 |- |2024–25 |Russian Premier League |14 |2 |6 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !37 !6 !10 !1 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !2 !0 !49 !7 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !183 !44 !14 !1 !1 !0 !0 !0 !2 !0 !201 !45 |} {{Notelist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Zé Turbo at ForaDeJogo (archived) * [http://www.ligaportugal.pt/pt/liga/clube/20162017/liganos/100/jogador/72176 Stats and profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821222441/http://www.ligaportugal.pt/pt/liga/clube/20162017/liganos/100/jogador/72176 |date=2016-08-21 }} Archived 2016-08-21 at the Wayback Machine at LPFP {{In lang|pt}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} thwjjcfvhl40na3eg334f81dmdlhyte 0 161684 890401 886813 2026-08-02T04:54:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890401 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:NASA_FIRMS_2025-07-06_Alabuga.png|thumb|Hotunan tauraron ɗan adam na Alabuga SEZ]] Alabuga yanki ne na tattalin arziki na musamman na masana'antu da nau'in samarwa wanda ke nisan kilomita 20 a [[:en:Yelabuzhsky_District|Gundumar Yelabuzhsky]] ta Jamhuriyar [[:en:Tatarstan|Tatarstan]] a cikin yankin masana’antu dake kilomita 10 km daga [[:en:Yelabuga|Yelabuga]], 25 km daga [[:en:Naberezhnye_Chelny|Naberezhnye Chelny]], 40 km daga Nizhnekamsk da 210 km daga cibiyar yankin Kazan. Masu hannun jari na kamfanin gudanarwa na SEZ "Alabuga" sune [[Rasha|Tarayyar Rasha]] ta hanyar JSC "Tattalin Arziki na Musamman" tare da hannun gwamnatin cikin gida 100 bisa 100 (Ma'aikatar ƙasa da Dukiya ta Jamhuriyar Tatarstan). Ya zuwa 2016-2017, masana’antar "Alabuga" ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi nasara yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na masana'antu da samarwa a Rasha, wanda ke da kashi 68% na jimillar kuɗaɗen shiga a (2017) da kashi 42% na tarin haraji daga dukkan SEZs na ƙasar (2016), masana’antar na ba da kashi 54% na saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu a cikin SEZ na Rasha (2016). Cece-kuce ya fara ne  kan masana’anatar saboda iƙirarin cewa an sami yaudara, bautarwa da cutarwa a masana'antun Alabuga inda ake samar da jirage marasa matuka 136 na Shahed don sojojin Rasha. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025,  Cibiyar yaƙi da laufukan da aka shirya ta fitar da wani rahoto tare da shaidar cewa an ɗauki mata sama da 300 masu shekaru tsakanin 18 zuwa 22 daga sassan duniya, galibi Afirka da Latin Amurka, a ƙarƙashin zargin yaudara da kuma ƙaryar "aiki da karatu," inda daga bisani ka aika su zuwa waɗannan masana'antun ƙera jirage marasa matuƙa a Alabuga Shirin yaudara na "Alabuga" ya ɗauki ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa daga ƙasashe 27 tare da alƙawuran albashi mai kyau, horon aiki, masauki, da samun shaidar zama ‘yan Rasha<ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth Exploited for Military Drone Production at the Alabuga Special Economic Zone {{!}} ISIS Reports {{!}} Institute For Science And International Security |url=https://isis-online.org/isis-reports/foreign-youth-exploited-for-military-drone-production-at-the-alabuga-specia |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=isis-online.org}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Alabuga_airview_2017.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Ra'ayi na SEZ "Alabuga", shekara ta 2017]] === Masana’antar kera motoci ta Yelabuga === A cikin shekarun 1980s, gefen dama da kogin [[:en:Kama|Kama]] cibiyar masana'antu mai cike da alamun nasara. A kusa da [[:en:Naberezhnye_Chelny|Naberezhnye Chelny]], an kafa hanyar mota da hanyoyin sadarwa na jirgin ƙasa; [[:en:KamAZ|KamAZ]] tana nuna sabbin damar masana'antu; An ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Sufurin kayan Lantarki da Kamfanin Takardu da kuma [[:en:Nizhnekamsk_Hydroelectric_Station|Tashar wutar lantarki ta Nizhnekamsk.]] A shekara ta 1984, Majalisar Ministocin tarayyar Soviet USSR ta yanke shawarar gina kamfanin ƙera motar aikin noma Tanta wato Kamsky Tractor Plant (KamTZ) a yankin Yelabuga, gami da kamfanin samar da Tantan wato tractors ta duniya, dake iya samar da injinina, da sauran kayan aiki, da [[:en:Turbocharger|Turbocharger]], da kayan aikin injin da ke samar da suran injina.{{Sfn|Yakovleva|2013}} === Yankin tattalin arziki kyauta === [[Fayil:Alabuga_Pano_1.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Hoton titin SH-2 daga Gabas]] Domin jawo hankalin masu zuba jari da kuma shawo kan rashin aikin yi a Yelabuga, gwamnatin jamhuriya maida hankali kan wasu dabaru da Rasha tayi amfani da shi a shekarun 1990 na ƙirƙirar yankunan tattalin arziki kyauta waɗanda aka tsara don motsa tattalin arzikin yankin ta hanyar kin karbar haraji da jan hankalin manyan biranen ƙasashen waje. Dokar Jamhuriyar Tatarstan "A kan Yankin Tattalin Arziki" an fara amfani da ita ne a ranar 22 ga Afrilun shekarar 1998, bayan dokar ta sami kuri'u 33 na wakilan [[:en:State_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Tatarstan|Majalisar Jiha ta Jamhuriyar Tatarstan;]] mutum ɗaya mai mukamin mataimaki ya kaɗa ƙuri'ar ƙin amincewa da dokar. An ƙirƙiro ƙa'idojin FEZ tare da Kwamitin Kwastam na Tarayyar Rasha, [[:en:Ministry_of_Finance_(Russia)|Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ta Tarayyar Russia,]] da [[:en:Property_management|Kwamitin Jiha na Gudanar]] da Dukiya na Jamhuriyar Tatarstan. An dai yafewa mazaunan FEZ biyan haraji, amma banda harajin zamantakewa da [[Haraji|harajin kudin shiga]]. Duk da cewa a cikin shekarar 2001 kamfanin Amurka ya bar hadin gwiwa "ElAZ na General Motors", FEZ ya ci gaba da aikinsa. A shekara ta 2003, kamfanoni 13 sun kasance a cikin FEZ, gami da haɗin gwiwar "Skantat" tare da kamfanin [[:en:Volvo|Volvo,]] wanda ke samar da bas a kan KamAZ chassis; samar da ma'aunin [[:en:Minsk_Tractor_Works|Minski Traktarny Zavod]]; masana'antar sarrafa nama ta "Modul", samar da sinadarai na mota "D Plast-Eftek; mai ƙera kayan aiki na musamman a kan chassis na kaya da  "AutoMaster"; tare da masana'antar kayan aiki na ofis da kayan kasuwanci "ElTons"; da samar da kayan gine-gine "DSK KMK"  da haɗin gwiwar samar da kayan samar da dumi  "Delonghi — ZASS «Alabuga»""K" <ref name="2003.kommersant">{{Cite web |last=Idiattulin |first=Shamil |date=2003-03-24 |title=Век зоны не видать |trans-title=No zone for a century. |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/372667 |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=Kommersant |language=ru}}</ref>{{Sfn|Yakovleva|2013}} === Hukunce-hukunce na duniya === Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman na Alabuga an sanya shi ta ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na duniya bayan rawar da ya taka wajen samar da jirgi mara matuka don [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine]]. Ƙungiyar ta sami izini daga: Amurka ([[:en:Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control|OFAC]]; US [[:en:System_for_Award_Management|SAM sayen warewa]]), Tarayyar Turai ([[:en:European_Union_sanctions|tsarin Tarayyar Tarayyar Tsaro]], Disamba 2023), Ingila ([[:en:Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office|FCDO Sanctions]]), Switzerland ([[:en:State_Secretariat_for_Economic_Affairs_(Switzerland)|SECO]], Disamba 2024), Ostiraliya ([[:en:Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(Australia)|DFAT]] Consolidated List), Faransa, Belgium, Monaco, New Zealand, Ukraine ([[:en:National_Security_and_Defense_Council_of_Ukraine|NSDC]] da [[:en:Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)|GUR]]), Japan ([[:en:Ministry_of_Finance_(Japan)|MoF]][[:en:Ministry_of_Economy,_Trade_and_Industry|, METI]]), da Taiwan [[:en:Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_(Taiwan)|(MOEA]] ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Stock Company Special Economic Zone of Industrial Production Alabuga |url=https://www.opensanctions.org/entities/NK-mP7f6NnzfS8fWMvFYW8Qbg/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=OpenSanctions}}</ref> == Wajen ajiye tare da ƙera Shahed-136 == Kasar Rasha ta gina wata ma’ajiya kuma masana’antar ƙera jirage marasa matuƙa na [[:en:Shahed_136|Shahed 136]], a Alabugaa wacce tayi shirin samar da ma’aikata aƙalla 2,400. Shiri na farko a watan Janairun shekarar 2023  shine a ajiye tare da ƙera ko samar da jirage marasa matuƙa100 a wata (a matsayin [[:en:Knock-down_kit|knock-down kit]]). An fara kai jirage marasa  matuƙa da aka ƙera a masana’antar wanda ya haɗa da [[:en:Shahed_131|Shahed 131]] zuwa [[:en:Begishevo_Airport|filin tashi da saukar jiragen sama na Begishevo]]. An dai yi fata da kuma shirin fara ƙera jiragen marasa matuƙa a masana’antar ta Alabuga a watan Afrilun shekarar 2023, tare da fara fitar da jirage 226 a wata zuwa watan Janairun 2024. Rasha na buƙatar ta sauya injunan jirage marasa matuƙa da wanda ta ƙera a cikin gida domin [[:en:Mado_(manufacturer)|kwaikwayon na Iran  Mado]] [[:en:Limbach_L550E|Limbach L550E]]. [[:en:Conflict_Armament_Research|Hukumar nazarin makaman yaƙi]] ta tabbatar da cewa ya zuwa watan Yulin shekarar 2023 Rasha ta fara amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa da ta samar.<ref name="wi">{{Cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Dalton |last2=Ilyushina |first2=Mary |date=17 August 2023 |title=Inside the Russian effort to build 6,000 attack drones with Iran's help |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2023/08/17/russia-iran-drone-shahed-alabuga/ |access-date=17 August 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Afrilun 2024, wani jirgi maras matuƙi ya faɗa kan wani gini a masana’antar. Daga baya dai an bayyana jirgin da cewa shine [[:en:Aeroprakt_A-22_Foxbat|Aeroprakt A-22 Foxbat]], wanda daga baya aka samar da irinsa wanda zai iya kai hari.<ref name="Newdick">{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=2024-04-02 |title=Russia's Shahed-136 Factory Attacked By Light Plane Converted Into A Drone |url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/russias-shahed-136-factory-attacked-by-light-plane-converted-into-a-drone |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=The War Zone |language=en}}</ref> == Ce-ce-ku-ce da kuma shirin Alabuga == Shirin Alabuga dai wani shirin ɗaukar aiki ne da ƙasar Rasha take gudanarwa a yankin tattalin arziki na Alabuga dake Jamhoriyar Tatarstan. An fara wannan shiri ne a shekarar 2022 domin ɗaukar ‘yan mata tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 22 daga ƙasashe masu tasowa a Afrika, kudancin Asiya, da kuma yankin Latin Amurka. An dai yaɗa tare da tallata shirin da cewa yana bada damar aiki da karatu tare da koyar da su sana’o’in hannu da kuma yiwuwar samun aiki a otel, guraren cin abinci da ma wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alabuga Start |url=https://startworld.alabuga.ru/ |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Alabuga Special Economic Zone}}</ref> Hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa sun nuna damuwa kan shirin tare da zargin cin zarafin ma’aikata da kuma bautar dasu da safarar mutane.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Russia: Women from Africa recruited via Alabuga Start programme on social media to work in weapons factories, including company responses/non-responses |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/russia-women-from-africa-recruited-via-alabuga-start-programme-on-social-media-to-work-in-weapons-factories-incl-cos-responses-non-responses/ |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre}}</ref> === Zargin take haƙƙi da yadda aka dinga ɗaukar ma’akata === Binciken da manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya sukayi da kuma bayanan da hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa suka fitar ya yi zargin cewa an ɗauki ma’aikatan ne ta hanyar yaudara  tare da tura su kamfanin ƙera jirage marasa matuƙa na Shahed 136 waɗanda Rasha ke amfani da su a  mamayar da take yi a ƙasar Ukraine.<ref name=":0" /> Wasu waɗanda suka taba yin aiki a masana’antar  a Alabuga sunyi zargin cewa an ƙyale su cikin yanayi mai hatsari da kuma barazana ga lafiyar su misali, riƙe sinadarai da ka iya haddasa matsala ga fata ba tare da safar hannun ko ababen kariya ba.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Russia recruits African women to build attack drones |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdrzdpre058o |access-date=7 September 2025 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Waɗanda suka taɓa aiki a masana’antar sun ce albashin da ake basu bai taka kara ya karya ba, musamman bayan an cire kuɗin matsuguni,  kuɗin sufuri, haraji da kuma kuɗaɗen da ake cirewa idan mutum yayi laifi.<ref name=":1" /> Wasu ma da suka taɓa aiki a kamfanin na Alabuga sun ƙara da yin zargin cewa sai da aka tursasa suka sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar cewa ba zasu fitar da wani bayani ba ko su tattauna irin aikin da suke da ‘yan uwansu ba, sannan shugabannin shirin sun ƙwace Fasfo ɗin su bayan da jirage maras matuƙa na Ukraine suka kai hari kan kamfanin na Alabuga a watan Afrilun shekarar 2024.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ofishin kula da haƙƙin ɗan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya OHCHR ya ce idan har an tabbatar da zargin yaudara da ƙin bin doka wajen ɗaukar ma’aikata wanda ya kai ga zaluntar su, wannan na nuna cewa shirin ya cika sharuɗɗan dokar ƙasa da ƙasa na cewa hakan laifin safarar mutane ne.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |date=10 October 2024 |title=Africans recruited to work in Russia say they were duped into building drones for use in Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/11602ab837f0ff4635926d884b422185 |access-date=24 July 2026 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> === Martanin Alabuga da jami’an Rasha === Yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na Alabuga ya musanta zarge-zargen yaudara da kuma bautar da ma’aikata. [Abinda Alabuga suka ce] Masana’antar tace dukkan ayyukan da sukeyi an bayyana a cikin takardar neman ma’aikata, kuma an baiwa dukkan ma’aikata kayan kariya yayin aiki. Sannan masana’antar ta Alabuga tace albashin da ake biyan ma’aikaci ya danganta da yanayin ƙwazo ko aikin sa kamar yadda yake a dokar guraren ayyuka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Jakadan Rasha a Najeriya Andrey Podelyshev yace ofishin jakadancin bai sami wani ƙorafi daga ‘yan Najeriya da sukai aiki a masana’antar ta Alabuga ba. Ya kuma musanta zargin cewa  an ɗauki ma’aikata daga kasashen wajen wajen ƙera kayan yaƙi, ya ƙara da cawa dokokin Rasha sun haramta wanda ba ɗan ƙasa ba yayi aiki a masana’antun samar da kayan yaƙi.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |title=Nigeria education ministry's website hacked to endorse controversial Russian programme – Official |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/823338-nigeria-education-ministrys-website-hacked-to-endorse-controversial-russian-programme-official.html |access-date=7 September 2025 |work=Premium Times}}</ref> === Hannun gwamnatin Najeriya da kuma abinda tace daga baya === A lokacin da tallan ɗaukar aikin na Alabuga ya fara a shekarun 2022 da 2023 an ga tallan a shafin ma’aikatar ilimi ta Najeriya inda ta bayyana shi a matsayin tallafin karatu da kuma horon sana’ar hannu.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022 |title=Scholarship Offer from the Special Economic Zone "Alabuga" Republic of Tatarstan |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RUSSIA-2022-SPECIAL-ECONOMIC-ZONE.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date=3 April 2025 |access-date=24 July 2026 |website=Federal Ministry of Education |publisher=Federal Scholarship Board}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2023 |title=2023 Vocational Training Project for Foreign Citizens "Alabuga Start" |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-VOCATIONAL-TRAINING-PROJECT-FOR-FOREIGN-CITIZENS-ALABUGA-START.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date=30 May 2025 |access-date=24 July 2026 |website=Federal Ministry of Education |publisher=Federal Scholarship Board}}</ref> A shekarar  2025 wani jami’in ma’aikatar ilimi ta Najeriya yace wallafar da akayi a shafin ma’aikatar bai sami sahalewa ba kuma a lokacin masu kutse ne suka karɓi shafin. Daraktar hukumar bada tallafi ta ƙasa Ndajiwo Asta ta ce tallan neman aikin na shirin Alabugan na zamba ne kuma baya cikin yarjejeniya ilimi tsakanin Najeriya da Rasha.<ref name=":3" /> == Kamfanin dake gudanar da kuɗaɗe == === Kamfanin dake gudanarwa === Kamfanin gudanarwa da yankin tattalin arziki na musamman shine JSC "SEZ IPT", wanda masu hannun jari su ne Tarayyar Rasha ta hanyar mallakar JSC "Zones na Tattalin Arziki na Musamman" (66%) da Ma'aikatar kasa da hulɗar kayayyaki na Jamhuriyar Tatarstan (34%). <ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-08-26 |title=Татарстан компенсирует затраты администраторов особых экономических зон. Цена вопроса&nbsp;— четверть миллиарда рублей |trans-title=Tatarstan will compensate the administrators costs at the special economic zone. The price is a quarter of billion rubles |url=https://kazanfirst.ru/article/327381 |access-date=2017-09-01 |publisher=Kazanfirst |language=ru}}{{Cite news |date=2016-08-26 |title=Татарстан компенсирует затраты администраторов особых экономических зон. Цена вопроса&nbsp;— четверть миллиарда рублей |trans-title=Tatarstan will compensate the administrators costs at the special economic zone. The price is a quarter of billion rubles |url=https://kazanfirst.ru/article/327381 |access-date=2017-09-01 |publisher=Kazanfirst |language=ru}}</ref> A cewar rahotanni na JSC "SEZ IPT Álabuga" na 2014, akwai aƙalla ma'aikata 590 da suke aiki a kamfanin gudanarwa na yankin tattalin arziki na musamman.{{Sfn|Annual report of 2014}} === Yanantin samun kuɗaɗe === Kamfanin "Alabuga" shine mafi girma kuma mafi nasara yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na masana'antu da samarwa a Rasha: yana da asusun 68% na jimillar kuɗaɗen shiga na duk SEZs a cikin ƙasar (kamar na 2017), saka hannun jari ‘yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu a "Alabuga " ya zama 54% na duk kuɗaɗen da aka saka a cikin SEZ a Rasha (kamar na 2016).<ref name="2017.ria">{{Cite web |date=2017-05-15 |title=Экспертный совет ОЭЗ "Алабуга" одобрил проекты на 650 миллионов рублей |trans-title=The SEZ "Alabuga" Expert Council approved projects worth 650 million rubles |url=https://ria.ru/economy/20170515/1494324727.html |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=RIA Novosti |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="history.fdi">{{Cite journal |last=Kaczmarski |first=Michal |last2=Bill |first2=Helena |year=2014 |title=Building on firm foundations |url=http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Special-Reports/2014/SEZ-Alabuga2 |journal=FDi Intelligence |issue=October/November |pages=71–73 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017 Alabuga ya sanya hannu kan kwangila don saka hannun jari na jimlar dala biliyan 4.5 na Amurka, wanda aka yi amfani da biliya 3.1. Manyan masu saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje sun fito ne daga kasar [[Holand|Netherlands]] da [[Turkiyya]].<ref name="2017.ria" /> Gabaɗaya, kamfanonin sun samar da ayyuka sama da dubu 5.6 a "Alabuga".<ref name="2017.ria" /> A cikin 2016 "Alabuga" ya kai kashi 42% na haraji (ba tare da VAT ba) na duk yankuna na musamman na tattalin arziki na Rasha. Daga farkonta zuwa 2016, mazaunanta sun biya rubles biliyan 9.7 na haraji (ciki har da rubles biliya 2.6, ko dala miliyan 42.42, a cikin 2015). Shugaban Jamhuriyar Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov ya kiyasta kudaden shiga na haraji don rufe rubles biliyan 25.7 na saka hannun jari na jihar a cikin ababen more rayuwa na "Alabuga" nan da shekarar 2019. Dangane da shirin, nan da shekara ta 2023 yawan mazauna za su kai 120, yawan kudaden haraji na shekara-shekara - rubles biliyan 32 a shekara (Dola miliyan 476 na Amurka a matsakaicin musayar shekara-sheko na ruble zuwa dala a cikin 2016). <ref name="2017.ria"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Аюпов |first=Ильдар |date=2016-07-11 |title=ОЭЗ «Алабуга» окупит госвложения в инфраструктуру в 2019 году |trans-title=SEZ "Alabuga" will recoup the state investment into its infrastructure in 2019 |url=http://rt.rbc.ru/tatarstan/11/07/2016/57839c1f9a7947fa47e7cfc4 |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=RBC |language=ru}}</ref>&nbsp; == Mazauna == Hanyar samun gurin gina kamfani ko  matsayin mazauni a bayyane yake a doka: duk wani kamfani dole ne ya yi rajista da hukuma a yankin Yelabuga kuma ya gabatar da shirin kasuwanci tare da saka hannun jari da bai kai ƙasa da rubles miliyan 120. [[:en:Supervisory_board|Kwamitin kula]] da Alabuga ne ke lura da aikace-aikacen. Matsakaicin lokacin samun matsayin mazauni ya kai watanni uku.<ref name="alabuga-rbc">{{Cite web |last=Abdullina |first=Polina |last2=Smirnov |first2=Marina |last3=Belova |first3=Irina |last4=Safronov |first4=Roman A. |last5=Volkov |first5=Ivan |title=ОЭЗ от древности до наших дней |trans-title=SEZ from antiquity to our days |url=http://alabuga.rbc.ru/article/alabuga-about/ |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=RBC |language=ru |archive-date=2017-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025063413/http://alabuga.rbc.ru/article/alabuga-about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa Oktoban shekarar 2017, an yi rajistar kamfanoni 57 a matsayin mazauna, aƙalla masana’antu 23 suka fara aiki, wasu ana cikin gini ko tsarawa a Alabuga.<ref name="fDi2017">{{Cite web |date=2014-10-09 |title="Алабуга" в третий раз подряд признана лучшей ОЭЗ в Европе |trans-title="Alabuga" has become the best SEZ in Europe for the third time |url=https://www.business-gazeta.ru/news/360151 |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=Business Online |language=ru}}</ref> === Tsarin haraji === Ana biya ko karɓar haraji  ga mazaunan Alabuga bisa ga dokokin Rasha na yankunan tattalin arziki na musamman. Kamfanonin dake Alabuga zabi hanyoyin da suka fi so da fa'idodi na biyan haraji, waɗanda dokokin tarayya da dokokin Tatarstan suka bayyana'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Налоговые льготы, действующие на территориях ОЭЗ |trans-title=Tax advantages acting on the SEZ territories |url=http://economy.gov.ru/wps/wcm/connect/3ba8d28044e5e4b3be42ffaf753c8a7e/Налоговые+льготы+-+новое.doc?MOD=AJPERES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709091220/http://economy.gov.ru/wps/wcm/connect/3ba8d28044e5e4b3be42ffaf753c8a7e/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B+-+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5.doc?MOD=AJPERES |archive-date=2017-07-09 |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=SEZ "Alabuga" |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="nalog-iz">{{Cite web |title=ОЭЗ Алабуга |trans-title=SEZ "Alabuga" |url=http://nalog-iz.ru/oez-alabuga |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220210/http://nalog-iz.ru/oez-alabuga |archive-date=2017-09-14 |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=Publishing House "Tax news" |language=ru}}</ref> cigu4y73rhfvlqbuig5skzek6zfmehz 0 161695 890445 884025 2026-08-02T06:55:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yohan Demoncy (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsakiya mai tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar Guingamp ta Ligue 2 a aro daga Reims . == Ayyuka == === Paris Saint-Germain === Demoncy ya shiga makarantar matasa ta [[Paris Saint-Germain]], kuma tun daga shekarar 2014 ya taka leda a kungiyar ajiyar su - daga karshe ya zama kyaftin din ajiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Exclu] Yohan Demoncy (PSG/N2) : " Il est temps pour moi d'évoluer plus haut ! " - Les Titis du PSG |url=http://www.lestitisdupsg.fr/exclu-yohan-demoncy-psgn2-il-est-temps-pour-moi-devoluer-plus-haut/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202194441/http://www.lestitisdupsg.fr/exclu-yohan-demoncy-psgn2-il-est-temps-pour-moi-devoluer-plus-haut/ |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=12 February 2018 |website=www.lestitisdupsg.fr}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2016, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko tare da PSG na tsawon shekaru uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2016 |title=PSG : premier contrat pro pour Yohan Demoncy |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/sports/football/psg/psg-premier-contrat-pro-pour-yohan-demoncy-25-06-2016-5913351.php}}</ref> === Orléans === A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun 2018, Demoncy ya shiga US Orléans a kan aro daga [[Paris Saint-Germain]] don rabi na biyu na kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Officiel : Yohan Demoncy (PSG) prêté à l'US Orléans ! - US Orléans Loiret Football (45) |url=http://www.usofoot.com/article-officiel-yohan-demoncy-psg-prete-a-l-us-orleans-5459.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201700/http://www.usofoot.com/article-officiel-yohan-demoncy-psg-prete-a-l-us-orleans-5459.html |archive-date=12 February 2018 |access-date=12 February 2018 |website=www.usofoot.com}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Orléans wasa na farko a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun 2018, inda ya zira kwallaye a karin lokaci a wasan 3-2 na Ligue 2 a kan Chamois Niortal A ranar 22 ga watan Yunin 2018, ya koma Orléans har abada a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=LFP.fr - Ligue de Football Professionnel - Domino's Ligue 2 - Saison 2017/2018 - 25ème journée - Chamois Niortais / US Orléans |url=http://www.lfp.fr/ligue2/feuille_match/83444 |website=www.lfp.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2018 |title=Yohan Demoncy quitte le PSG pour Orléans |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Yohan-demoncy-quitte-le-psg-pour-orleans/914296 |website=[[L'Équipe]]}}</ref> === Paris FC === A watan Yulin 2021, Demoncy ya shiga Paris FC kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Yohan Demoncy signs contract with Paris FC |url=https://www.gdnonline.com/Details/950242/Yohan-Demoncy-signs-contract-with-Paris-FC |access-date=9 December 2022 |website=www.gdnonline.com}}</ref> === Ƙara === A ranar 27 ga Satumba 2022, Demoncy ya shiga Annecy a kan aro don kakar 2022-23. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=Yohan Demoncy est prêté au FC Annecy |url=https://parisfc.fr/equipe-pro/yohan-demoncy-est-prete-au-fc-annecy/ |access-date=9 December 2022 |language=French |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209161035/https://parisfc.fr/equipe-pro/yohan-demoncy-est-prete-au-fc-annecy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2024, Demoncy ya koma Annecy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2024 |title=Mercato : Yohan Demoncy de retour à la maison. |trans-title=Mercato: Yohan Demoncy back home. |url=https://www.fc-annecy.fr/actualite/post/bienvenue-a-yohan-demoncy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201040839/https://www.fc-annecy.fr/actualite/post/bienvenue-a-yohan-demoncy |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024 |publisher=Annecy |language=fr}}</ref> === Reims === A ranar 24 ga Yuni 2025, Demoncy ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar yanayi biyu tare da Reims . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2025 |title=Yohan Demoncy, première recrue estivale |trans-title=Yohan Demoncy, first summer recruit |url=https://www.stade-de-reims.com/yohan-demoncy-premiere-recrue-estivale/ |access-date=6 August 2025 |publisher=Stade de Reims |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, an ba da rancensa ga Guingamp.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Yohan Demoncy prêté à Guingamp |trans-title=Yohan Demoncy loaned to Guingamp |url=https://www.stade-de-reims.com/yohan-demoncy-prete-a-guingamp/ |access-date=19 January 2026 |publisher=En Avant Guingamp |language=fr}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played on 8 January 2021<ref>{{Soccerway |id=yohann-demoncy/314388 |name=Yohann Demoncy |accessdate=14 January 2021}}</ref>}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Kofin League ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="6" |Paris Saint-Germain B |2013–14 | rowspan="4" |CFA |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2014–15 |7 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |7 |0 |- |2015–16 |19 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |1 |- |2016–17 |24 |3 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |24 |3 |- |2017–18 |Kasar 2 |13 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !64 !4 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !64 !4 |- |Orléans (rashin kuɗi) |2017–18 |Ligue 2 |13 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="4" | - |13 |1 |- | rowspan="4" |Orléans |2018–19 |Ligue 2 |32 |0 |5 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - |40 |1 |- |2019–20 |Ligue 2 |20 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |24 |0 |- |2020–21 |Kasar kasa |14 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !66 !1 !7 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !78 !2 |- |Orléans B |2019–20 |Kasar 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !144 !6 !7 !0 !5 !1 !0 !0 !156 !7 |} == Haɗin waje == * Yohan Demoncy- Bayanan league na Faransa aLFP- kuma yana samuwaa cikin Faransanci (an adana shi) * Yohan DemoncyaKungiyarKwallon ƙafa (a Faransanci) * Bayanan martaba na USOFoot An adana shi [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rdyms68bhvqk6z35na15omq6zzz0z8y 0 162074 890376 885986 2026-08-02T01:47:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''William David Johnson''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1987) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Kanada wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar Central Florida Panthers a gasar National Premier Soccer League da kuma Central Florida Crusaders a gasar National Indoor Soccer League . [[Mai buga tsakiya|Ɗan wasan]] tsakiya mai iya wasa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2016 |title=Toronto FC: Will Johnson Will Fit In Nicely |url=https://torontoreds.com/2016/02/12/toronto-fc-will-johnson-will-fit-in-nicely/ |access-date=September 6, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Will Johnson Signs Multi-Year Extension |url=http://www.stumptownfooty.com/portland-timbers/2014/3/10/5492488/will-johnson-signs-multi-year-extension |access-date=September 6, 2017 |archive-date=January 20, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120045023/https://www.stumptownfooty.com/portland-timbers/2014/3/10/5492488/will-johnson-signs-multi-year-extension |url-status=dead }}</ref> Johnson ya wakilci ƙasar Kanada a duk faɗin duniya. == Aikin kulob == An haifi Johnson a Kanada, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya koma Ingila inda ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa, yana halartar Makarantar Merchant Taylors da ke Crosby, kusa da [[Liverpool]] . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 10, iyalinsa sun sake ƙaura, a wannan karon zuwa Woodridge, Illinois, kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Sockers FC Chicago. Daga baya Johnson ya koma Ingila don bugawa ƙungiyar matasa ta Blackburn Rovers wasa a kakar wasa ta 2003–04. Duk da haka, bayan kakar wasa ya bar Blackburn ya koma Illinois. Yana cikin jerin 'yan wasan Chicago Fire Reserves a gasar USL Premier Development League, amma bai buga wasa a kowace gasar PDL ba. === Gobarar Chicago === A shekara ta 2005, Chicago Fire ta dauki Johnson a matsayin dan wasan gano abubuwa. Johnson ya buga mafi yawan shekarar a kungiyar reserve a gasar MLS Reserve League amma ya buga wasanni shida a kungiyar farko, inda ya zura kwallo. Bayan shekara, Fire ta ba shi kwangilar dala 28,000, amma ya ki amincewa. Daga nan sai Johnson ya shiga gwaji da [[SC Heerenveen|Heerenveen]], wanda ya yi nasara, kuma suka sanya masa hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara daya da kuma zabin kulob na tsawon shekaru biyu. === Heerenveen === Ya buga wasanni 14, duk a matsayin ɗan wasa, a Heerenveen a kakar wasa ta 2006-2007, inda ya zira kwallo ta biyu a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun NEC Nijmegen da ci 2-0 a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 2006. A kakar wasa ta 2007-2008, ya kasance a matsayin aro ga ƙungiyar Doetinchem De Graafschap, waɗanda aka ɗaukaka matsayin zakarun ƙungiyar Eerste Divisie ta ƙasar Holland. Ya kuma buga wasanni a matsayin ɗan wasa kuma ya koma SC Heerenveen a kakar wasa ta 2008-09. Yayin da yake atisaye a Heerenveen don shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ƙungiyar MLS ta Real Salt Lake ta ba wa Johnson kwangila, wanda ya karɓa. === Tafkin Salt na Gaske === Johnson ya rattaba hannu da Major League Soccer a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 2008. Chicago ta sayar da haƙƙinsa ga Real Salt Lake don samun damar shiga zagaye na 4 a gasar MLS SuperDraft ta 2009 da kuma zaɓen zagaye na 2 a gasar MLS SuperDraft ta 2011. Johnson ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ƙwallon MLS a shekarar 2008 saboda ƙwallon da ya ci a wasan da suka yi da FC Dallas a ranar 18 ga Oktoba a filin wasa na Rio Tinto . An kira shi don buga wasan MLS All-Star na 2009 da [[Everton FC|Everton]], ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Ingila. Yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa uku da suka zura bugun fenariti a bugun fenariti da mai tsaron gida na Amurka Tim Howard . Ya fara wasa kuma ya buga mintuna 45 a Real Salt Lake a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin MLS na 2009 da Los Angeles Galaxy duk da cewa ya sha guba a abinci, inda ƙungiyarsa ta yi nasara a bugun fenariti. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Katako na Portland === An sayar da Johnson ga [[Katako na Portland|Portland Timbers]] a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2012, a matsayin wani ɓangare na batun rage albashi, tare da musayar ko sakin wasu 'yan wasa shida na Real Salt Lake, ciki har da 'yan wasan farko Jámison Olave, Fabián Espíndola, da kuma Jonny Steele wanda ya maye gurbinsa. An nada Johnson a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ta hannun kocin Caleb Porter a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2013; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timbers name Will Johnson new team captain &#124; KGW.com Portland |url=http://www.kgw.com/sports/timbers/Timbers-name-Will-Johnson-new-team-captain-193407231.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109054205/http://www.kgw.com/sports/timbers/Timbers-name-Will-Johnson-new-team-captain-193407231.html |archive-date=9 November 2013 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=www.kgw.com}}</ref> tsohon kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Jack Jewsbury an sake masa suna a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2013, Johnson ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko a wasansa da Portland da Colorado Rapids inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka tashi 2-2, kuma an ba shi kyautar ɗan wasan mako na MLS saboda rawar da ya taka. An sanya Johnson a cikin jerin 'yan wasan MLS All Star na 2014 . An kawo shi hutun rabin lokaci, ya zama kyaftin a minti na 73 bayan an sauya Landon Donovan, kuma a minti na 88 an ba shi katin rawaya saboda bugun da ya yi wa dan wasan tsakiya na Bayern Bastian Schweinsteiger, wanda ya ji rauni a idon sawunsa, kuma dole ne ya fita daga wasan da zai zama wasansa na ƙarshe har zuwa Nuwamba. Haɗari da mai tsaron baya na Toronto FC Mark Bloom a farkon wasan Satumba 27, 2014 ya karya ƙashin baya da fibula a ƙafar dama ta Johnson, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen kakarsa da wuri. === Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Toronto === A watan Disamba na 2015, an sayar da Johnson ga Toronto FC a musayar da za a yi masa a zagaye na biyu a gasar MLS SuperDraft ta 2017 da kuma kuɗin da aka ware masa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toronto FC Acquires Will Johnson |url=http://www.torontofc.ca/post/2015/12/18/toronto-fc-acquires-will-johnson |access-date=September 12, 2016 |publisher=Toronto FC}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2016, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Toronto a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Portland Timbers da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2016 |title=GOAL: Will Johnson scores against his former club |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2016/05/01/goal-will-johnson-scores-against-his-former-club |access-date=May 1, 2016 |publisher=MLS}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2016, ya zura kwallon da ta ba Toronto nasara a minti na 95 na gasar cin kofin Kanada don doke Vancouver Whitecaps da ci 2-2 a jimilla, inda ya yi nasara a kan kwallayen da suka ci a waje . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2016 |title=TFC loses to Whitecaps, but wins Voyageurs Cup |url=http://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/tfc-loses-whitecaps-wins-voyageurs-cup/ |access-date=June 30, 2016 |publisher=sportsnet.ca}}</ref> Yayin da ya zura kwallon, Johnson ya yi karo da mai tsaron gidan Whitecaps David Ousted, wanda ya haifar da karyewar tibial plateau a ƙafarsa ta hagu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 1, 2016 |title=Will Johnson expected to be out of the line-up for six weeks |url=http://www.torontofc.ca/post/2016/07/01/injury-update-michael-bradley-and-will-johnson/ |access-date=July 11, 2016 |publisher=torontofc.ca}}</ref> === Orlando City SC === A watan Disamba na 2016, Orlando City SC ta sanar da cewa ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu ga Johnson, tare da zaɓin shekara ta uku. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orlando City SC |date=December 28, 2016 |title=Orlando City SC Acquires Two-Time MLS Cup Champion Will Johnson |url=http://www.orlandocitysc.com/post/2016/12/28/orlando-city-sc-acquires-two-time-mls-cup-champion-will-johnson |publisher=Orlando City SC}}</ref> Kwantiragin Johnson ya ƙare bayan kakar wasa ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2019 |title=Orlando City SC Announces 2019 End-of-Season Roster Decisions |url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/post/2019/11/21/orlando-city-sc-announces-2019-end-season-roster-decisions |website=Orlando City SC}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan haka, ya ɗauki matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi tare da Morgan Stanley . <ref name="CFP">{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2021 |title=Orlando City icon Will Johnson joins the Panthers |url=https://cfscpanthers.com/index.php/2021/05/02/orlando-city-icon-will-johnson-joins-the-panthers/ |website=Central Florida Panthers Soccer Club}}</ref> === Panthers/Jarusaders na Tsakiyar Florida === A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2021, Johnson ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin ɗan wasa kuma mai ba da shawara tare da ƙungiyar ci gaban NPSL ta Central Florida Panthers . <ref name="CFP"/> A watan Agusta na 2022, ya sanya hannu tare da ƙungiyar Crusaders ta Central Florida ta National Indoor Soccer League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 11, 2022 |title=Central Florida Crusaders Announce First Four Player Signings |url=https://www.cflcrusaders.com/news/central-florida-crusaders-announce-first-players |website=Central Florida Crusaders}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A lokacin bazara na 2005 da 2007, Johnson ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Kanada wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa ta Duniya ta 2005 da 2007 a Netherlands da Kanada bi da bi. Johnson ya kuma taka rawar gani a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Kanada a lokacin Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta CONCACAF ta 2008. Johnson ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni uku a lokacin gasar. Duk da haka, Kanada ta kasa samun cancantar shiga gasar Olympics bayan ta sha kashi a hannun Amurka da ci 3-0 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Ya fara buga wa Kanada wasa a karon farko a wasan sada zumunci da Luxembourg a watan Nuwamba na 2005. Zuwa Disamba na 2009, ya samu jimillar wasanni 10, bai ci kwallo ko daya ba. Ya zuwa yanzu ya wakilci Kanada a gasar FIFA guda biyu Johnson ya taimaka wa André Hainault ya ci wa Belarus kwallo a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2011. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a duniya a wasan cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da Saint Lucia a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIFA.com |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil - Matches - Canada-St. Lucia |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/nccamerica/matches/round=258361/match=300172488/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926200912/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/nccamerica/matches/round=258361/match=300172488/index.html |archive-date=September 26, 2011 |access-date=September 6, 2017 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2013, an sanya Johnson a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 da aka tabbatar sun shiga tawagar Colin Miller ta Canada a gasar cin kofin zinare ta CONCACAF ta 2013, wanda hakan ya sanya shi zama gasar cin kofin zinare ta uku a jere. Miller ya nada Johnson a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New-look Canada finding its rhythm ahead of Gold Cup - Canada Soccer |url=http://www.canadasoccer.com/new-look-canada-finding-its-rhythm-ahead-of-gold-cup--p154301 |access-date=September 6, 2017 |website=www.canadasoccer.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2013 |title=Gold Cup: Canada national team veteran Will Johnson to guide young squad as team captain |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/goldcup/news/article/2013/07/03/gold-cup-canadian-national-team-veteran-will-johnson-guide-young-squad-team- |access-date=September 6, 2017}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2013, [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kanada|CSA]] ta ba Johnson kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan maza na Kanada a karon farko a rayuwarsa. Johnson ya doke Atiba Hutchinson, wacce ta lashe gasar sau biyu, wacce aka zaɓe ta a matsayi na biyu da kuma Patrice Bernier a matsayi na uku a gasar. Bayan kusan shekaru biyu tun bayan kiransa na ƙarshe, inda ya yi fama da rashin lafiya, raunuka, da kuma alƙawuran da ya ɗauka, kocin Kanada Benito Floro ya kira Johnson zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa don wasannin cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018 da Dominica a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2015 |title=Portland Timbers midfielder Will Johnson named to Canada National Team roster |url=http://www.timbers.com/news/2015/06/portland-timbers-midfielder-will-johnson-named-canada-national-team-roster}}</ref> A watan Mayu na 2019, John Herdman ya kira Johnson zuwa tawagar kasa don gasar cin kofin zinare ta CONCACAF ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2019 |title=Together We Rise: Canada Soccer announces squad for the 2019 Concacaf Gold Cup |url=https://www.canadasoccer.com/together-we-rise-canada-soccer-announces-squad-for-the-2019-concacaf-gold-cup-p162198 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603025211/https://www.canadasoccer.com/together-we-rise-canada-soccer-announces-squad-for-the-2019-concacaf-gold-cup-p162198 |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == === Iyali === Kakan Johnson shine Brian Birch, wanda ya yi aiki mai kyau tare da Bolton Wanderers, ciki har da lambar yabo ta lashe gasar cin kofin FA a shekarar 1958. Johnson ya auri Caroline Childs. Suna da 'ya mace, Arabella Capri, wacce aka haifa a watan Oktoba na 2012, da kuma ɗa, Jaxx Beckett, wanda aka haifa a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2014. Johnson kuma yana da takardar zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RSL acquires forward Will Johnson |url=http://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=481&sid=4077073 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907083312/https://www.ksl.com/index.php?nid=481&sid=4077073 |archive-date=September 7, 2017 |access-date=September 6, 2017 |website=ksl.com}}</ref> === Matsalolin shari'a === A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2017, an kama Johnson bisa laifin yi wa matarsa duka a gidan yari, kuma an dakatar da shi daga ƙungiyar yayin da 'yan sanda na yankin da kuma ƙungiyar ke binciken lamarin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=DelGallo |first=Alicia |title=Orlando City midfielder Will Johnson arrested on domestic battery charge |url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/sports/orlando-city-lions/on-the-pitch/os-sp-will-johnson-arrested-domestic-battery-20170906-story.html |access-date=September 6, 2017}}</ref> Ba a shigar da ƙara ba kuma a watan Oktoban 2017 ƙungiyar ta dawo da Johnson. <ref>{{Cite web |last=DelGallo |first=Alicia |title=Orlando City midfielder Will Johnson reinstated by MLS after domestic violence allegation |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/sports/os-sp-orlando-city-will-johnson-20171013-story.html |website=OrlandoSentinel.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played August 25, 2022}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Playoffs ! colspan="2" |National Cup{{Efn|Includes [[Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup|U.S. Open Cup]],<ref name="Soccerway Profile"/> [[KNVB Cup]]<ref name="WorldFootball.net"/> and [[Canadian Championship]] matches.<ref name="Soccerway Profile"/>}} ! colspan="2" |Continental{{Efn|Includes [[CONCACAF Champions League]] matches.<ref name="Soccerway Profile"/>}} ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Chicago Fire Reserves |2004 |PDL |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2005<ref name="soccerstatsus">{{Cite web |title=Will Johnson |url=http://soccerstats.us/bios/will-johnson/ |website=SoccerStats |access-date=2026-07-22 |archive-date=2022-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102202423/http://soccerstats.us/bios/will-johnson/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |MLS Reserve League |9 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !3 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !9 !3 |- |Chicago Fire |2005<ref name="MLS Profile">{{Cite web |title=Will Johnson MLS Profile |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/players/will-johnson |access-date=June 6, 2019 |publisher=MLS}}</ref> |MLS |6 |1 |0 |0 |4<ref name="soccerstatsus" /> |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |[[SC Heerenveen|Heerenveen]] |2006–07<ref name="WorldFootball.net">{{Cite web |title=Will Johnson: Club matches |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe7122/will-johnson/club-matches/ |access-date=June 6, 2019 |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HeimSpiel Medien}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Eredivisie |14 |1 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Eredivisie#European competition|Eredivisie European playoffs]]}} |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |2007–08<ref name="Soccerway Profile">{{Cite web |title=W. Johnson |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/will-johnson/2313/ |access-date=June 6, 2019 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !14 !1 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !15 !1 |- |De Graafschap (loan) |2007–08<ref name="WorldFootball.net" /> |Eredivisie |26 |2 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Eredivisie#Relegation|Eredivisie relegation playoffs]]}} |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |29 |2 |- | rowspan="6" |Real Salt Lake |2008<ref name="MLS Profile" /> | rowspan="5" |MLS |9 |2 |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |12 |2 |- |2009<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |26 |1 |4 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |30 |1 |- |2010<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |28 |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |6 |3 |36 |4 |- |2011<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |25 |2 |3 |0 |2 |0 |6 |0 |36 |2 |- |2012<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |26 |3 |2 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |32 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !114 !9 !14 !0 !2 !0 !16 !3 !146 !12 |- |Real Salt Lake Reserves |2012<ref name="soccerstatsus" /> |MLS Reserve League |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Katako na Portland|Portland Timbers]] |2013<ref name="MLS Profile" /> | rowspan="3" |MLS |28 |9 |4 |2 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |35 |11 |- |2014<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |29 |6 | colspan="2" |— |2 |1 |1 |1 |32 |8 |- |2015<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |12 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !69 !15 !5 !2 !5 !1 !1 !1 !80 !19 |- |Portland Timbers 2 |2015<ref name="Soccerway Profile" /> |USL |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- |Toronto FC |2016<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |MLS |23 |2 |6 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |32 |3 |- | rowspan="4" |Orlando City |2017<ref name="MLS Profile" /> | rowspan="3" |MLS |26 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |26 |2 |- |2018<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |28 |1 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |31 |1 |- |2019<ref name="MLS Profile" /> |21 |1 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |23 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !75 !4 !0 !0 !5 !0 !0 !0 !80 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Central Florida Panthers |2021<ref name="johnnpsl">{{Cite web |title=William Johnson NPSL stats |url=https://cfscpanthers.com/index.php/player/william-johnson/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102145332/https://cfscpanthers.com/index.php/player/william-johnson/ |archive-date=November 2, 2022 |access-date=August 25, 2022 |website=[[Central Florida Panthers SC]]}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |NPSL |2 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |2 |- |2022<ref name="johnnpsl" /> |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !3 !2 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !3 !2 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !344 !39 !27 !2 !21 !2 !17 !4 !409 !47 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {{Updated|match played September 10, 2019}}<ref name="National Football Teams profile">{{cite web | title= Will Johnson profile | url= http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/11836/Will_Johnson.html | publisher= National Football Teams | access-date= September 12, 2016}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | colspan="3" |Tawagar ƙasa ta Kanada |- ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | 2005 | 1 | 0 |- | 2006 | 2 | 0 |- | 2007 | 1 | 0 |- | 2008 | 1 | 0 |- | 2009 | 5 | 0 |- | 2010 | 3 | 0 |- | 2011 | 11 | 1 |- | 2012 | 7 | 2 |- | 2013 | 3 | 0 |- | 2014 | 0 | 0 |- | 2015 | 4 | 1 |- | 2016 | 3 | 0 |- | 2017 | 2 | 0 |- | 2018 | 0 | 0 |- | 2019 | 2 | 0 |- ! Jimilla ! 45 ! 4 |} ==== Manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa ==== {{Updated|match played March 29, 2016}}: ''Canada score listed first, score column indicates score after each Johnson goal.''<ref name="National Football Teams profile"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+Kwallayen ƙasashen duniya dangane da kwanan wata, wuri, iyaka, abokin hamayya, maki, sakamako da gasa ! scope="col" | A'a. ! data-sort-type="date" scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Hulba ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasar |- ! scope="row" | 1 | Satumba 2, 2011 | BMO Field, [[Toronto]], Kanada | align="center" | 19 |{{Fb|LCA}} | align="center" | '''4''' – 1 | align="center" | 4–1 | Canjin cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 |- ! scope="row" | 2 | 15 ga Agusta, 2012 | Central Broward Regional Park, Lauderhill, Amurka | align="center" | 27 |{{Fb|TRI}} | align="center" | '''2''' – 0 | align="center" | 2–0 | Aboki |- ! scope="row" | 3 | 12 ga Oktoba, 2012 | BMO Field, Toronto, Kanada | align="center" | 29 |{{Fb|CUB}} | align="center" | '''2''' – 0 | align="center" | 3–0 | Canjin cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 |- ! scope="row" | 4 | Satumba 8, 2015 | Filin wasa na FFB, Belmopan, Belize | align="center" | 35 |{{Fb|BLZ}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 1 | align="center" | 1–1 | Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018 |} == Daraja == === Kulob === '''Tafkin Salt na Gaske''' * Kofin MLS : 2009 '''Katako na Portland''' * Kofin MLS : 2015 '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Toronto''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Kanada : 2016 * Kofin Trillium : 2016 === Mutum ɗaya === * Tauraron MLS (3) : 2009, 2013, 2014 * Mafi kyawun 'Yan wasa XI na MLS : 2013 * [[Timbers Supporters Player of the Year|Ɗan wasan shekara na magoya bayan Timbers]] : 2013 * Ɗan wasan Kanada na Shekara : 2013 * Manufar MLS ta Shekara : 2008 == Duba kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Major League na yanzu waɗanda ke da 'yan wasan ƙasa. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Will Johnson at Major League Soccer * Will Johnson at Canada Soccer * {{NFT player|11836}} * {{Soccerway|will-johnson/2313}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 1j5kbtkc5n6bcvz5jb220xqxbeqpcpo 0 162145 890377 886562 2026-08-02T02:07:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''William Michael «Billy» Zabka''' ([[New York (birni)|New York]], 20 ga Oktoba, 1965) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka, tsohon abin talla, marubucin rubutun fim, darekta kuma mai shirya fina-finai. An fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Johnny Lawrence a cikin fim ɗin ''The Karate Kid'' (1984) da kuma a cikin jerin talabijin mai ci gaba ''Cobra Kai'' (2018–2025). == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Zabka a birnin [[New York (birni)|New York]], ɗan Nancy Heimert, mai shirya fina-finai kuma mataimakiyar samarwa, da Stanley William Zabka, darekta, marubuci kuma mawaƙi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/97/William-Zabka.html |title=William Zabka Biography (1965-) |publisher=Filmreference.com |date=20 de octubre de 1965 |accessdate=9 de octubre de 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627062844/http://www.filmreference.com/film/97/William-Zabka.html |archive-date=27 de junio de 2017 |dead-url=no}}</ref> Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darekta a shirin ''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'' a cikin shekaru biyun farko na zaman Johnny Carson, sannan kuma ya yi aiki wajen samar da wasu fina-finai kamar ''Forced Vengeance'' (1982) na [[Chuck Norris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zabka.com/aboutus |title=A Little About Us... |date=31 de marzo de 2014 |publisher=Zabka.com |access-date=16 de marzo de 2018 |fechaarchivo=7 de mayo de 2019 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507145304/http://www.zabka.com/aboutus |deadurl=yes |archive-date=2019-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507145304/http://www.zabka.com/aboutus |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1983, Zabka ya kammala karatunsa a El Camino Real Charter High School da ke Los Angeles, California, kafin ya halarci California State University, Northridge na ɗan lokaci inda ya karanci harkar shirya fina-finai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uproxx.com/tv/billy-zabka-interview-cobra-kai/|title='Cobra Kai' Star Billy Zabka On Living With '80s Novelty Fame And What Today's Kids Could Learn From His Generation|access-date=|last=Mancini|first=Vince|date=2019-06-26|publisher=Uproxx.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103211942/https://uproxx.com/tv/billy-zabka-interview-cobra-kai/|archive-date=2022-01-03}}</ref> Zabka ya auri matarsa, Stacie, a shekarar 2008, kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu.<ref name="People 01-11-21">{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/tv/karate-kid-bully-william-zabka-on-his-transformation-to-hero-in-cobra-kai/|title=Karate Kid Bully William Zabka Opens Up About His Transformation to Hero in Cobra Kai|date=2021-01-11|publicación=|access-date=2021-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111195222/https://people.com/tv/karate-kid-bully-william-zabka-on-his-transformation-to-hero-in-cobra-kai/|archive-date=2021-01-11|first=Michelle|last=Tauber|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> == Aikin sana'a == Zabka ya fara aikinsa na fim a cikin ''The Karate Kid'' (1984), inda ya taka rawar da ta fi shahara a rayuwarsa har zuwa yau: ya fito a matsayin Johnny Lawrence, babban abokin gaba wanda ke ci gaba da kai wa Daniel LaRusso ([[Ralph Macchio]]) hari tare da tsananta masa. Ya kuma sake bayyana da wannan hali a farkon ''The Karate Kid Part II'', a cikin ci gaba kai tsaye daga ƙarshen fim na farko. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, ya fara aiki a matsayin darektan gajerun fina-finai, inda ya samu takarar Oscar a shekarar 2004 saboda fim ɗinsa ''Most'', wanda shi kansa ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. A shekarar 2013, ya sake bayyana a talabijin tare da Ralph Macchio a cikin jerin barkwanci na Amurka ''How I Met Your Mother'' (wanda aka sani a Spain da ''Cómo conocí a vuestra madre''), a cikin kashi na 22 na kakar wasa ta takwas mai suna "The Bro Mitzvah", inda ya fito yana taka kansa. Daga baya ya sake bayyana a wasu sassa da dama na kakar wasa ta tara ta wannan jerin. A ranar 4 ga Agusta, 2017, an sanar da cewa Zabka zai sake taka rawar Johnny Lawrence a cikin sabon jerin mai sassa goma na ci gaba da labarin ''Karate Kid'' domin YouTube Premium, mai taken ''Cobra Kai'', wanda aka fara nunawa a shekarar 2018. Haka kuma Zabka ya kasance babban mai shirya zartarwa (co-executive producer) na jerin tare da [[Ralph Macchio]]. Labarin jerin ya fara ne shekaru 33 bayan abubuwan da suka faru a fim na farko, inda Johnny, wanda rayuwarsa ta tabarbare, ya sake buɗe dojo na Cobra Kai domin ya gyara rayuwarsa. Wannan ya sake tayar da tsohuwar adawarsa da Daniel LaRusso (Macchio), wanda yanzu ya zama mutum mai nasara amma yana ƙoƙarin daidaita rayuwarsa ba tare da jagorancin tsohon malaminsa, Mista Miyagi, wanda ya rasu ba.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goldberg|first1=Lesley|title='Karate Kid' TV Sequel, Starring Ralph Macchio and William Zabka, a Go at YouTube Red|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/karate-kid-tv-sequel-starring-ralph-macchio-and-william-zabka-a-go-at-youtube-red-exclusive/ar-AAppo5s|website=MSN|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=22 de marzo de 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204440/https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/karate-kid-tv-sequel-starring-ralph-macchio-and-william-zabka-a-go-at-youtube-red-exclusive/ar-AAppo5s|archivedate=22 de marzo de 2018|dead-url=yes|date=4 de agosto de 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/karate-kid-tv-sequel-starring-ralph-macchio-and-william-zabka-a-go-at-youtube-red-exclusive/ar-AAppo5s|title='Karate Kid' TV Sequel, Starring Ralph Macchio and William Zabka, a Go at YouTube Red|access-date=2018-03-22|date=2017-08-04|website=MSN|publisher=Microsoft|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204440/https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/karate-kid-tv-sequel-starring-ralph-macchio-and-william-zabka-a-go-at-youtube-red-exclusive/ar-AAppo5s|archive-date=2018-03-22|last1=Goldberg|first1=Lesley}}</ref><ref name="reunion">{{cite web|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/cobra-kai-reunion-episode/|title='Cobra Kai' Season 2: About That 'Karate Kid' Reunion in Episode 6…|access-date=2019-10-21|last=Topel|first=Fred|date=2019-04-27|publisher=[[/Film]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512005543/https://www.slashfilm.com/cobra-kai-reunion-episode/|archive-date=2021-05-12}}</ref> == Filmografi == === Fina-finai === *1984 ''The Karate Kid'' *1985 ''Just One of the Guys'' *1985 ''National Lampoon's European Vacation'' *1986 ''Back to School'' *1986 ''The Karate Kid Part II'' *1988 ''A Tiger's Tale'' *1991 ''For Parents Only'' *1993 ''Shootfighter: Fight to the Death'' *1994 ''Unlawful Passage'' *1995 ''The Power Within'' *1996 ''Shootfighter II'' *1997 ''High Voltage'' *1999 ''Interceptors'' *2000 ''Mindstorm'' *2000 ''Falcon Down'' *2001 ''Ablaze'' *2002 ''Gale Force'' *2002 ''Hyper Sonic'' *2002 ''Landspeed'' *2002 ''Dark Descent'' *2002 ''Antibody'' *2003 ''Most'' *2004 ''Roomies'' *2007 ''Smiley Face'' *2007 ''Cake: A Wedding Story'' *2007 ''Starting from Scratch'' *2010 ''Hot Tub Time Machine'' *2011 ''Cross'' *2014 ''Where Hope Grows'' *2015 ''The Dog Who Saved Summer'' *2016 ''The Man in the Silo'' *2025 ''Karate Kid: Legends'' === Talabijin === *1983 ''The Greatest American Hero'' *1984 ''Gimme a Break!'' *1984 ''CBS Schoolbreak Special'' *1984–1985 ''E/R'' *1985–1989 ''The Equalizer'' *1996 ''To the Ends of Time'' *2000 ''Epoch'' *2000 ''Python'' *2002 ''Python II'' *2013–2014 ''How I Met Your Mother'' *2014 ''Psych'' *2015 ''Gortimer Gibbon's Life on Normal Street'' *2018–2025 ''Cobra Kai'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} dxz2cdexqg7x8cujpwskiauq3d2xbwy 0 162230 890339 887078 2026-08-01T22:09:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vojtěch Machek''' (an haife shi 28 ga Fabrairu 1990) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne [[Kazech|na Czech]] wanda ke taka leda a FK Ostrov. == Sana'a == An haife shi a Ostrava, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vojtěch Machek |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe157549/vojtech-machek/ |website=worldfootball.net}}</ref> Machek ya fara aikinsa a ƙungiyar matasa ta Sparta Prague <ref>{{Cite web |title=karty hráčů - AC Sparta Praha - U-17 - Vojtěch Machek Hráčské karty |url=http://www.hracskekarty.cz/karty/fotbal/ac-sparta-praha/2006-2007/u-17/h20878-machek-vojtech.html |access-date=2026-07-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043928/http://www.hracskekarty.cz/karty/fotbal/ac-sparta-praha/2006-2007/u-17/h20878-machek-vojtech.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> kafin ya koma Feyenoord, kuma ya fara buga wasa a matsayin aro a Excelsior a kakar wasa ta 2009-10. [[Mai buga baya|Mai tsaron baya]] ya buga wasanni shida a kakar wasa ta 2010/2011 a Helmond Sport . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Voetbal International |url=http://www.vi.nl/Spelers/Speler.htm?dbid=62446&typeofpage=84137}}</ref> Bayan ya yi wasa a kulob din Jamus SV Poppenreuth a kakar wasa ta 2020-21, Machek ya koma Jamhuriyar Czech kuma ya koma FK Ostrov a lokacin bazara na 2021. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|vojtech-machek/87843}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9u7nbc43hzkoxksbycbvahn6v4kwl5h 0 162318 890219 887813 2026-08-01T15:58:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alberto Facundo "Tino" Costa''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Argentina wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Costa, wanda aka fi sani da ''Tino'', ya fara aikinsa a Argentina yana bugawa kulob din La Terrazza na gida. A lokacin yana da shekaru 17, ya yanke shawarar barin ƙasar zuwa tsibirin Guadeloupe don bugawa ƙungiyar Racing Club de Basse-Terre a ƙungiyar Guadeloupe Division d'Honneur wasa mai cike da haɗari. A lokacin da yake can, ya je makaranta kuma yana aiki a wani babban kanti. Costa ya shafe shekaru biyu a kulob din tsibirin yana taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar lig da kuma kofin sau biyu . Ya buga wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de Guadeloupe a shekarar 2004, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta doke AS Gosier da ci 3-1. Bayan shekaru biyu a Guadeloupe, babban wasansa ya jawo hankalin Racing Club de Paris, wanda ya ba ɗan wasan gwaji. Racing, wacce ke taka leda a matakin rukuni na uku na National, ta sayi ɗan wasan kuma Costa ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasanni 28 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 3. === Pau === A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Costa ya koma Pau, wata kungiya a National. A Pau, ya buga wasanni 62 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 4, Pau kuma da kyar ya kauce wa faduwa a wasanni biyu da ya yi a can. === Sète === Bayan ya bar Pau, Costa ya koma kulob dinsa na uku na National a FC Sète . A can, ya zama sananne a gasar, inda ya buga wasanni 29, ya zira kwallaye 3, sannan ya taimaka wa Sète ya kai matsayi na bakwai a gasar. Ya kuma taimaka wajen zura kwallaye da dama, sannan ya karbi katunan rawaya guda tara. Saboda ƙoƙarinsa, an naɗa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mafi kyau a gasar, wanda hakan ya haifar da sha'awar ƙungiyoyi a manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Montpellier === Costa ya rattaba hannu da Montpellier na Ligue 2 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, bayan ya amince da kwantiragin shekaru uku. Ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar wasa a wasanta na farko a kakar wasa ta bana, inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Strasbourg . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a tarihin rayuwarsa ga ƙungiyar 'yan makonni bayan haka a wasan da suka doke Reims da ci 4-0. An riƙe shi ba tare da zura ƙwallo a mafi yawan kakar kaka ba, kafin ya dawo fagen daga a tsakiyar kakar wasa inda ya zura ƙwallo biyu a kan Boulogne . Cikin makonni shida, a ƙarshen kakar wasa, Costa ya zira kwallaye a ragar Dijon, Châteauroux, Brest, da Clermont . Sakamakon haka, Montpellier tana cikin shugabannin da suka haura zuwa gasar [[Ligue 1]] . An yanke shawarar makomar ƙungiyar a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana, inda ta yi nasara a kan Strasbourg da ci 2-1, waɗanda suma ke fafutukar neman ci gaba. Costa ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa Montpellier nasara a wasan a minti na 19, wanda hakan ya taimaka mata ta koma buga gasar Ligue 1. A tsawon kakar wasa ta bana, Costa ya zura kwallaye 8 sannan ya taimaka aka zura kwallaye 11. An zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan shekara na Ligue 2, amma Paul Alo'o [[Kamaru|na Kamaru]] ya sha kaye a hannun ɗan wasan. Bayan kakar wasa, ƙungiyoyi da dama na Ligue 1 sun fara neman ayyukan Costa, musamman [[RC Lens]] da Toulouse . Duk da haka, Costa ya musanta duk wani ikirarin barin birnin [[Montpellier]] kuma ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2009 har zuwa shekarar 2013. Duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a wasan farko da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Paris Saint-Germain]], Costa ya fara buga wasa a gasar Ligue 1 da Lorient inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 60. Wasan ya ƙare da kunnen doki 2-2. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya sake zura kwallo, a wannan karon a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 2-0. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci bugun fenariti na minti na 39 a kan Lens. Kwallon ta zama nasara. === Valencia === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2010, Costa ya koma kulob din [[La Liga]] [[Valencia CF|na Valencia]] kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu kan kudin canja wuri na €6.5&nbsp;miliyan. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Valencia a wasansa na farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] . Dan wasan tsakiya ya buga kwallo daidai daga yadi 30, kuma Valencia ta ci 0-4 a Bursaspor . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Valencia a wasan da suka yi da Getafe a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2010. A ranar 18 ga Disamba, ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu a gasar daga yadi 35 a waje lokacin da ya buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasansu da Real Sociedad . Ya sami izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa ta hanyar zama ɗan ƙasa a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Le10Sport.com |title=Equipe de France Costa pour remplacer Nasri |url=https://le10sport.com/football/equipe-de-france/equipe-de-france-costa-pour-remplacer-nasri-51573 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Le10Sport |language=fr}}</ref> === Spartak Moscow === A ranar 5 ga Yuni 2013, an sanar da cewa Costa ya bar Valencia ya koma Spartak Moscow, babbar kungiyar Rasha kan kudin canja wurin €7 miliyan. ==== Lamuni ga Genoa da Fiorentina ==== An tabbatar da cewa Costa zai koma Genoa ta Serie A a kakar wasa ta 2015-16. A ranar 15 ga Janairun 2016, Fiorentina ta tabbatar da daukar Costa a matsayin aro na tsawon watanni shida, tare da niyyar samun damar zama na dindindin a karshen kakar wasa. === San Lorenzo === Da tsakar dare a ranar 21 ga Yuli 2016, an sanar da cewa Costa ya bar Spartak ya tafi San Lorenzo na Argentina a matsayin dan wasan da ba shi da 'yanci . Duk da haka, ya buga wasanni takwas kacal a ƙungiyar a lokacin da yake wasa. === Almería === A kan 1 Agusta 2017, Costa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda tare da UD Almería a Segunda División . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2017 |title=Tino Costa se convierte en nuevo jugador de la UD Almería |trans-title=Tino Costa becomes the new player of UD Almería |url=http://www.udalmeriasad.com/noticia/tino-costa-se-convierte-en-el-noveno-fichaje-de-la-ud-almeria-para-la-temporada-2017-18 |access-date=1 August 2017 |publisher=UD Almería |language=es}}</ref> Ya bayar da gudummawa da kwallaye biyu a wasanni 14 kacal, domin kakar wasansa ta sha wahala sakamakon raunuka. === Wa'adi na biyu a Pau === A watan Satumba na 2023, yana da shekaru 38, kuma bayan ya kasance ba shi da kulob tun watan Maris da ya gabata, Tino Costa ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara guda da Pau FC, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na farko, inda ya buga wasanni biyu tsakanin 2005 da 2007. Ba tare da kulob ba tun watan Maris, Costa yana yin atisaye da Pau tun daga ranar 4 ga Satumba. Kyakkyawan yanayin lafiyar Costa ya sa jami'an Maynats suka ba shi kwangilar shekara ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Transferts : Tino Costa fait son retour à Pau |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-tino-costa-fait-son-retour-a-pau/1420763 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2024, Costa ya sanar da yin ritaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foot : Tino Costa va tirer sa révérence à Pau |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Tino-costa-va-tirer-sa-reverence-a-pau/1466611 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|1 August 2020}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Europe]] ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |RC Basse-Terre |[[2003–04 Guadeloupe Division of Honor|2003–04]] |Guadeloupe Division of Honour |– |– |– |– |– |– |– |– |- |Racing Paris |[[2004–05 Championnat National|2004–05]] |National |28 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |28 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Pau |2005–06 |National |31 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |2 |- |2006–07 |National |31 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !62 !4 !2 !0 !0 !0 !64 !4 |- |Sète |2007–08 |National |29 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |29 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Montpellier |2008–09 |Ligue 2 |35 |8 |2 |0 |0 |0 |37 |8 |- |2009–10 |[[Ligue 1]] |31 |7 |2 |0 |0 |0 |33 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !66 !15 !4 !0 !0 !0 !70 !15 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Valencia CF|Valencia]] |2010–11<ref name="bdfutbol">{{Cite web |title=Tino Costa, Alberto Facundo Costa - Footballer |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j8555.html |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=BDFutbol}}</ref> |[[La Liga]] |24 |4 |1 |0 |7 |2 |32 |6 |- |2011–12<ref name="bdfutbol" /> |La Liga |27 |5 |5 |1 |9 |1 |41 |7 |- |2012–13<ref name="bdfutbol" /> |La Liga |31 |1 |3 |2 |8 |0 |42 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !82 !10 !9 !3 !24 !3 !115 !16 |- | rowspan="3" |Spartak Moscow |2013–14<ref name="sw">{{Cite web |title=A. Costa |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/alberto-costa/37685/ |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> |Russian Premier League |24 |3 |1 |0 |2 |0 |27 |3 |- |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Russian Premier League |7 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |8 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !31 !3 !2 !0 !2 !0 !35 !3 |- | rowspan="3" |Genoa (loan) |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |6 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |2 |- |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |12 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |12 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !18 !2 !0 !0 !0 !0 !18 !2 |- |Fiorentina (loan) |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |7 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |8 |0 |- |San Lorenzo |2016–17<ref name="sw" /> |Argentine Primera División |8 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |13 |0 |- |Almería |2017–18<ref name="sw" /> |Segunda División |14 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |15 |2 |- |San Martín Tucumán |2018–19<ref name="sw" /> |Argentine Primera División |13 |4 |2 |0 |0 |0 |15 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |Atlético Nacional |2019<ref name="sw" /> |Categoría Primera A |9 |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |11 |1 |- |2020<ref name="sw" /> |Categoría Primera A |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !11 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 !13 !1 |- |San Martín Tucumán |2020<ref name="sw" /> |Primera B Nacional |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !369 !47 !24 !3 !30 !3 !423 !53 |} <references group="nb" /> == Daraja == '''Ƙungiyar tsere ta BT''' * Babban Jami'in Guadeloupe : 2003-04 * Coupe de Guadeloupe : 2004 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Tino Costa at BDFutbol * Tino Costa – French league stats at LFP – also available in French (archived) * [http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugadores/19?pid=814&show_all=1 Ciberche stats and bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324182800/http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugadores/19?pid=814&show_all=1 |date=2016-03-24 }} {{In lang|es}} * {{Soccerway|alberto-costa/37685}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 3bv2m8f0e1eioyasy3tdsmm0wwoqob8 0 162364 890256 888029 2026-08-01T18:55:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''tsibirin Pingtan''' ko '''Tsibirin Haitan''' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Faming Huang, Yanhong Lin, Huixin Liang, Rongrong Zhao, Qiuming Chen, Jie Lin and Jinliang Huang |date=3 December 2019 |title=Coordination of Marine Functional Zoning Revision at the Provincial and Municipal Levels: A Case Study of Putian, China |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/7/12/442/pdf |journal=[[Journal of Marine Science and Engineering]] |volume=7 |issue=12 |page=5 |bibcode=2019JMSE....7..442H |doi=10.3390/jmse7120442 |access-date=10 February 2020 |quote=Haitan Island |doi-access=free}}</ref> tsibiri ne na Fuzhou a gabashin gabar gabashin Asiya a cikin Gundumar Pingtan, Lardin Fujian, kasar Sin, kudu da hadaddun Kogin Min. Ita ce tsibirin mafi girma a Fujian kuma tsibiri na biyar mafi girma da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Pingtan |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/home/2012-07/24/content_15612106.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> == Tarihi == A watan Yunin 1955, akwai hanyoyi masu yawa da gine-ginen soja a fadin tsibirin Haitan, gami da hanyoyin da ke haifar da yiwuwar matsayi na bindigogi a cikin ƙasar. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan matsayi don kare Haitan Strait, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wuri mai kyau don ci gaba da ayyukan amphibious a kan Tsibirin Matsu, har ma da Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 1955 |title=Current Intelligence Weekly Summary |url=https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP79-00927A000500120003-3 |publisher=[[CIA]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP79-00927A000500120003-3/page/n11 2] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> An kara shafin a cikin [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Tentative List a cikin shekara ta 2001, a ƙarƙashin Haitan Scenic Spots, a cikin Mixed category (Al'adu & Halitta). == Yanayin ƙasa == A fannin gudanarwa, tsibirin yana daga cikin yankin Pingtan, wanda ya hada da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa da kuma wani ɓangare na yankin da ke kusa. Yawancin garuruwan gundumar, gami da kujerar gwamnati a Tancheng, suna kan tsibirin. Manyan yankuna na bakin tekun tsibirin sun sami farfadowar ƙasa, tare da manyan gine-gine da ayyukan ababen more rayuwa. Pingtan ya rabu da kasar Sin ta hanyar Haitan Strait . Yawancin yankin da ke kusa da shi shine garin Fuqing, wanda ake gudanarwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na garin Fuzhou. Pingtan ya rabu da [[Yanayin Taiwan|Tsibirin Taiwan]] ta hanyar Taiwan Strait . Bayan kammala gadar ta zuwa babban yankin a shekara ta 2010, ana iya ɗaukar Pingtan a matsayin mafi kusanci na "babban" kasar Sin zuwa tsibirin Taiwan. A karkashin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta yanzu, iyakar kudancin tsibirin ta zama iyaka tsakanin Tekun Gabas da Kudancin China.[6]A cikin rubutun da ba a amince da shi ba na sabon fitowar IHO's Limits of Oceans and Seas, {{Nowrap|Cape Xiang}} - iyakar ''arewacin'' tsibirin - ya zama iyaka tsakanin Tekun Gabashin China da Taiwan Strait, tare da Tekun Kudancin China yana da iyakar arewa ta koma kudancin iyakar.[7] A rana mai haske, yana yiwuwa a fitar da Xueshan (Dutse mai dusar ƙanƙara) a [[Taiwan]]" id="mwTQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Island of Taiwan">tsibirin Taiwan daga Pingtan Beach, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan lokuta inda ido zai iya gani tsakanin ƙasar Sin da Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanway |first=David |last2=Diviggiano |first2=Alessandro |date=5 August 2022 |title=Across the sea from Taiwan, Chinese tourists await island's 'return' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/across-sea-taiwan-chinese-tourists-await-islands-return-2022-08-05/ |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=reuters.com |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2022 |title=从大陆真的可以看到台湾本岛，就在平潭海滩 |url=https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/505150987 |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=知乎专栏 |publisher=[[Zhihu]] |language=zh}}</ref> === Yanayi === A karkashin [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen]], Pingtan yana da [[Yanayin zafi mai zafi]] (''Cfa''), wanda ke da zafi, lokacin zafi da hunturu mai sauƙi. A cikin shekara, matsakaicin zafin jiki yana da kusan 66.92 ° F. &nbsp;Ranar da ta fi zafi a shekara tana tsakanin Yuli da Agusta, tare da matsakaicin 82.4 ° F. &nbsp;Ranar da ta fi sanyi a shekara tana tsakanin Janairu da Fabrairu, tare da matsakaicin 51.8 ° F. &nbsp;Pingtan bai taba fuskantar matsanancin zafin jiki a karkashin 32 ° F ba. &nbsp;Saboda Pingtan yana tsakanin Haitan Strait da Taiwan Strait, saurin iska yana da girma tare da matsakaicin shekara-shekara 4.8 m / s (10 mph). <ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 |url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101230108.shtml |access-date=2021-04-20 |website=www.weather.com.cn}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; === Muhalli === [[Fayil:發光的藍眼淚.jpg|thumb|Hawaye masu launin shudi]] "Blue hawaye" wani abu ne wanda ya haifar da fure na plankton Vargula hilgendorfii . Wannan dabba tana haskaka haske lokacin da aka dame shi a cikin ruwa mai wahala, don haka ya haifar da haske mai launin shudi. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa a lokacin rani, a lokacin Afrilu zuwa Agusta. "Blue hawaye" yana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa zuwa Pingtan. Koyaya, babban barkewar lamarin na iya cutar da muhalli, yayin da yake rage iskar oxygen kuma ya saki guba a cikin teku. Wannan na iya haifar da [[Furen algal mai lahani|jan ruwa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Jonathan |date=2019-06-14 |title=China's Bioluminescent Blue Tears Are Beautiful and Associated With Toxic Blooms |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/china-blue-tears-red-tides |access-date=2021-04-20 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Tsibirin ya dogara da yawon bude ido kuma yana tsammanin cewa saka hannun jari na kasashen waje zai haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki. An kammala babbar gada ta farko da ta haye Haitan Strait a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, ta haɗa tsibirin zuwa Fuqing a kan babban yankin. Ya kai mita 4,976 (mil 3), ya kashe RMB biliyan 1.4 (kimanin dala miliyan 200) don ginawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingtan Island, a before and after story in the making |url=http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news14842.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930003100/http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news14842.html |archive-date=30 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010 |publisher=Whats On Xiamen , Inc.}}</ref> Jirgin kasa na Fuzhou-Pingtan mai tsawon kilomita 88.5 (Fuping Railway, 福平铁路), wanda ke haɗa Fuzhou zuwa tsibirin Pingtan, ta hanyar Changle da jerin gadoji, ana ginawa. An amince da aikin a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. An sa ran aikin zai fara a ƙarshen shekara, kuma an kammala shi a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=福平铁路正式开通运营 |url=http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c16324946/content.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010142604/http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c16324946/content.html |archive-date=October 10, 2023}}</ref> A farkon shekara ta 2012, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a gina babban cibiyar lissafin girgije a Pingtan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China to Build Cloud Computing Center in Pingtan Near Taiwan |url=http://www.hostingtecnews.com/china-build-cloud-computing-center-pingtan-near-taiwan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415170333/http://www.hostingtecnews.com/china-build-cloud-computing-center-pingtan-near-taiwan |archive-date=15 April 2012 |access-date=6 August 2012 |publisher=Hostingtecnews}}</ref> == Al'adu == Gidan kayan gargajiya murabba'in mita 430,000 (40,000 m), Gidan kayan tarihi na Pingtan, a halin yanzu ana ginawa a tsibirin. Gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda kamfanin MAD Studio na kasar Sin da Amurka ya tsara a tsibirin wucin gadi, an shirya shi don kammalawa a cikin 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China - The museum is an island |url=http://www.inexhibit.com/case-studies/china-museum-island-pingtan-art-museum-mad/ |access-date=March 9, 2015 |publisher=[[Inexhibit]]}}</ref> [[File:Longfengtou_Beach.jpeg|thumb|Kogin Longfengtou]] == Wuraren sha'awa == Saboda wurin Pingtan, yana fuskantar iskar teku mai ƙarfi a duk shekara. Don yaki da yanayin, mazauna ƙauyen suna gina gidajensu da duwatsu. Tsoffin gidajen da aka gina da dutse na gargajiya suna tsayayya da iska da raƙuman ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colorful castles of stone in Pingtan |url=http://en.chinaculture.org/chineseway/2014-12/22/content_587222_2.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=en.chinaculture.org}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, gidan yana da kyau a zauna a ciki. Wannan salon gine-gine na musamman yana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa kuma yana haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki. Ƙauyen Beigang sanannen ƙauyen kamun kifi ne, wanda ke da gidaje masu yawa na dutse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭石头屋{{!}}文章{{!}}中国国家地理网 |url=http://www.dili360.com/article/p543bc9b1c086a19.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.dili360.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief introduction to Beigang Village |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/2017-02/09/content_28146502.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> Pingtan yana da babban tsohon gini na al'adu mai suna Haitan Ancient City, sanannen wurin hutu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingtan's Top 10 Must-See Scenic Sports |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/pingtantop10mustseescenicsports.html |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> Yankin rairayin bakin teku a Pingtan kuma wuri ne mai kyau, wanda ke nuna dogon bakin teku da rairayin rairayin kan teku. Longfengtou Beach sanannen rairayin bakin teku ne, wanda ke rufe kimanin hekta 21 (52 acres), a tsawon kilomita 9.5 (6 miles). Tana kusa da Haitan Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Longfengtou Beach[1] |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/2017-02/17/content_28238121.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> [[Fayil:Longfengtou_Beach.jpg|thumb|Rana ta fito a Longfengtou Beach]] [[Fayil:Haitan_Ancient_City.jpg|thumb|Birnin Haitan na Dā]] == Wasanni == A cikin 2017 China Sports Culture: Sports Tourism Expo, an zabi Pingtan a matsayin "2017 China's Top Ten Sports Tourism Destinations". A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Pingtan ya yi amfani da fa'idodi na manufofinsa, fa'idorin wuri da fa'idodin albarkatun kasa da kasa don samun nasarar karbar bakuncin bukukuwan Kite Surfing na kasa da kasa, budewa na kasa da kuma bude ruwa, gasar cin kofin jirgin ruwa ta kasa da kasa. Shirin Yawon Bude Ido na Pingtan ya ja hankalin masana'antu da masu yawon bude ido.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭大力发展体育旅游 打造国际海上休闲基地和国际时尚运动基地 |url=http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_65564 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421143333/http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_65564 |archive-date=2021-04-21 |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=www.pingtan.gov.cn}}</ref> === Jirgin sama === Saboda wurin, Pingtan shine yankin da ke da yanayin iska mafi kyau a kasar Sin. Matsakaicin iska na shekara-shekara ya kai 20 knots. Lokaci mafi kyau don kiteboarding a Pingtan shine daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba. Tare da yanayin iska mai kyau da ruwa mai laushi, [[LV beach|Rairayin bakin teku na LV]] ya zama wurin da ya fi shahara a Pingtan. Ga mutanen da suka zo daga nesa, koyon kitesurfing a Pingtan yana adana ba kawai lokaci mai yawa da farashin tattalin arziki ba, har ma yana iya samun nishaɗin kitesurf a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A Pingtan, yawancin kungiyoyi suna karɓar ƙayyadaddun koyarwar IKO International Kite Surfing Association. Dukkanin darussan horo suna amfani da kayan aikin Ozone, Airush, da na Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭风筝冲浪中心丨中国风力条件最好的地区 |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/236851311_655081 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422095528/https://www.sohu.com/a/236851311_655081 |archive-date=2021-04-22 |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai gasa da yawa a Pingtan. A cikin 2019 International Kiteboard Championship (Pingtan Station), akwai kusan masu fafatawa 150 daga kasashe da yankuna 20. Wannan shi ne mafi girman taron wasan motsa jiki da aka gudanar a Pingtan har zuwa yanzu tare da mafi yawan mahalarta. 2019 International Kiteboard Championship (Pingtan Station) an ba da izini daga [[International Kite Surfing Association|Ƙungiyar Jirgin Sama ta Duniya]] (WS) da Ƙungiyar Jiragen Sama ta Duniya. An raba matakin gasar na kasa da kasa zuwa maki 200, kuma jimlar kyautar kyautar gasar ta kai dala 50,000. An haifi wata babbar mai gabatar da Formula Kite ta kasar Sin, Jingyue Chen, a nan kuma ta fafata a wasannin Asiya na 19 a nan kuma inda ta dauki lambar zinare.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.pressreader.com/usa/china-daily-usa/20231002/281809993531911 |access-date=2024-07-13 |via=PressReader}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar takarar kasar Sin a gasar Olympics ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=12 January 2024 |title=Formula Kite: the 40 qualified athletes for Paris 2024 |url=https://www.surfertoday.com/kiteboarding/the-formula-kite-road-to-the-paris-2024-olympic-games |journal=Surfer Today}}</ref> === Gudun keke === Akwai gasa da yawa na keke da aka gudanar a Pingtan, gami da "Ocean Cup" China Pingtan International Cycling Open, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2014 a matsayin daya daga cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru na "6.8 World Ocean Day da National Ocean Promotion Day". Adadin mahalarta sun kafa rikodin abubuwan da suka faru na rana ɗaya na cikin gida na shekaru uku a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |title="海洋杯"中国•平潭国际自行车公开赛 - 2020"海洋杯"平潭国际自行车公开赛官网 |url=http://www.hycycling.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=17 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.hycycling.com |archive-date=2021-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424184710/http://www.hycycling.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sufuri == Sufuri a Pingtan yana bunkasa cikin sauri. Tun da yake shi ne wuri mafi kusa tsakanin kasar Sin da [[Taiwan]], gwamnati tana ba da muhimmancin gaske ga sufuri. === Jirgin ruwa === Pingtan yana da alaƙa da [[Taichung]] da [[Kaohsiung]] a Taiwan ta Jirgin ruwa na Haixia, yana tashi daga Aoqian Wharf. === Jirgin ƙasa mai saurin gudu === Tashar jirgin kasa mai saurin gudu ta Pingtan a garin Zhonglou ta buɗe a watan Disamba na 2020 a matsayin ƙarshen Fuping Railway, wanda ya haɗa da [[Pingtan Strait Road-Rail Bridge]], gadar jirgin ƙasa ta farko ta kasar Sin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭高铁中心站已动工 计划2019年完工 |url=http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_63956 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427214841/http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_63956 |archive-date=2021-04-27 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.pingtan.gov.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=祖国大陆离台湾岛最近的铁路开通了！ |url=http://detail.ptnet.cn/cnurl/new/ptnews/2020-12-27/477562-cn.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202106/http://detail.ptnet.cn/cnurl/new/ptnews/2020-12-27/477562-cn.html |archive-date=2021-04-24 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=detail.ptnet.cn}}</ref> === Hanyoyi === [[File:Pingtan.jpeg|thumb|Tashar haraji ta Pingtan]] Hanyoyin bas 14 suna aiki a yankin, tare da Pingtan New Automobile Passenger Terminal a matsayin babban cibiya tun daga 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=再见旧汽车站！搬迁背后看平潭交通巨变_工作 |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/443700828_120206874 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭新汽车客运枢纽站主体框架全部完工-闽南网 |url=http://www.mnw.cn/news/pingtan/1988778.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010142541/http://www.mnw.cn/news/pingtan/1988778.html |archive-date=2023-10-10 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.mnw.cn}}</ref> === Bikes === Shirin hayar bas, aikin keke na jama'a na Pingtan, tare da tashoshin keke 52 da kekuna 2,000, yana aiki tun daga Mayu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=欧耶！平潭公共自行车投用啦！52个站点2000辆车（附详细站点及攻略大全）！１小时内免费哦！ |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/142881749_194873 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401160949/https://www.sohu.com/a/142881749_194873 |archive-date=2022-04-01 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Taswirar == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Fayil:Map_of_Taiwan_(Formosa)_in_1880,_from-_Stanford's_map_of_the_empires_of_China_and_Japan_with_the_adjacent_parts_of_the_Russian_Empire,_India,_Burma_etc._LOC_2006458442_(cropped).jpg|Map of the area including Haetan (1880) Fayil:Taiwan_Strait.png|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as Haitan Dao) Fayil:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng50-12.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labelled as P'ING-T'AN {{Lang|zh|平潭}}) (AMS, 1954) Fayil:Operational_Navigation_Chart_H-12,_5th_edition.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as HAI-T'AN TAO) (DMA, 1972) Fayil:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_h-12c.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as HAITAN DAO) (DMA, 1996) </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tsibirai na Fujian * Tsibirin Niushan * Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Fuzhou-Pingtan == manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}} === Bayanan littattafai ===   == Haɗin waje == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1633/ Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO: yunkurin Haitan Scenic Spots Gidan Tarihin Duniya] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tj1p30cr0pfhw0to9k8biee84gi9l1p 0 162528 890533 889402 2026-08-02T10:51:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 890533 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} The National Association for Behavioral Healthcare (NABH) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke zaune a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] kuma an kafa ta a 1933. NABH tana ilimantar da masu ba da kiwon lafiya kan batutuwa kamar [[Lafiyar kwakwalwa|lafiyar halayyar]], rikice-rikice na hankali, da amfani da kwayoyi.<ref name="nabh-history2">{{Cite web |title=History – NABH |url=https://www.nabh.org/about-nabh/history-mission/ |access-date=2019-10-16 |website=National Association for Behavioral Healthcare |language=en-US}}</ref> == Overview == NABH was founded in 1933 as the National Association of Private Psychiatric Hospitals (NAPPH). In 1993 NAPPH changed its name to the National Association of Psychiatric Health Systems (NAPHS).<ref name="nabh-history">{{Cite web |title=History – NABH |url=https://www.nabh.org/about-nabh/history-mission/ |access-date=2019-10-16 |website=National Association for Behavioral Healthcare |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1999, kungiyar Association of Behavioral Group Practices (ABGP) ta haɗu da NAPHS. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NAPHS.org: About - History |url=https://www.naphs.org/about/history |access-date=2017-03-08 |website=www.naphs.org}}</ref> In 2018, the National Association of Psychiatric Health Systems changed its name to National Association for Behavioral Healthcare.<ref name="nabh-history"/> NABH is an industry association that actively lobbies on behalf of America's largest [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|psychiatric hospital]] chains. Members include "more than 800 specialty [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|psychiatric hospitals]], general hospital psychiatric and addiction treatment units, [[Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi|residential treatment centers]], youth services organizations, and other providers of care."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Board of Trustees & Staff – NABH |url=https://www.nabh.org/about-nabh/board-of-trustees-staff/ |access-date=2019-10-16 |website=National Association for Behavioral Healthcare |language=en-US}}</ref> NABH tana ba da jagororin manufofi game da batutuwan lafiyar kwakwalwa da halayyar mutum a matakin jiha da tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Industry calls for renewed advocacy under Trump administration |url=http://www.behavioral.net/article/policy/industry-calls-renewed-advocacy-under-trump-administration |access-date=2017-03-08 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-01 |title=Component of Mental Health Bill Could Expand Medicaid Payments for Psychiatric Hospitals |url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/-244955-1.html |access-date=2017-03-08 |website=Roll Call |archive-date=2017-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052421/http://www.rollcall.com/news/-244955-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Frank A. Ghinassi yana aiki a matsayin Shugaba yanzu kuma Shugaba na kungiyar. <ref name=":1"/> NABH tana shirya taron shekara-shekara da aka keɓe ga manufofin kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Annual Meeting – NABH |url=https://www.nabh.org/2020-annual-meeting/ |access-date=2019-10-16 |website=National Association for Behavioral Healthcare |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 Annual Meeting – NABH |url=https://www.nabh.org/2019-annual-meeting/ |access-date=2019-10-16 |website=National Association for Behavioral Healthcare |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6d2feo6u1xlqgonv9cie3exso8uxqot 0 162652 890128 2026-08-01T13:06:08Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357132043|Nuno Santos (footballer, born 1999)]]" 890128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nuno Miguel Valente Santos''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Maris 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Mamelodi Sundowns ta Afirka ta Kudu . == Aikin kulob == === Benfica === An haife shi a [[Porto]], Santos ɗan wasan matasa ne a manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na birninsa, Boavista FC da FC Porto, kafin ya koma SL Benfica a 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Resendes |first=Manuel |date=18 August 2020 |title=Mercado: Boavista garante médio ofensivo Nuno Santos ao Benfica |trans-title=Transfer market: Boavista confirm attacking midfielder Nuno Santos from Benfica |url=https://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/239596-mercado-boavista-garante-medio-ofensivo-nuno-santos-ao-benfica/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta LigaPro a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2017 yayin da kakar wasa ta fara da rashin nasara a waje da UD Oliveirense 2-1, kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 6 ga Janairu a ƙarshen rashin nasara da FC Porto B ta yi da ci 3-1. A shekarar 2018-19 ya zira kwallaye bakwai mafi kyau a rayuwarsa (ya ƙara biyar a wasanni bakwai a gasar matasa ta UEFA ), daga baya ya sabunta kwangilarsa har zuwa 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2019 |title=Benfica renova com Nuno Santos até 2024 |trans-title=Benfica renew with Nuno Santos until 2024 |url=https://www.tsf.pt/desporto/benfica-renova-com-nuno-santos-ate-2024-11202102.html |access-date=7 February 2022 |publisher=[[TSF (radio station)|TSF]] |language=pt}}</ref> A lokacin kyaftin na Benfica B, an ba Santos aron zuwa kulob din Primeira Liga Moreirense FC a ranar 29 ga Janairu 2020. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a manyan gasa bayan kwana hudu da fara wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Gil Vicente FC da ci 5-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2020 |title=Gil Vicente FC em "dia não" é goleado por Moreirense FC |trans-title=Gil Vicente FC on "off day" are thrashed by Moreirense FC |url=https://barcelosnahora.pt/gil-vicente-fc-em-dia-nao-e-goleado-por-moreirense-fc/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Barcelos na Hora |language=pt}}</ref> Kwallonsa ta farko a matakin ta zo ne a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli domin ya lashe wasan a B-SAD . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] 5anvd9pssxdb8lu7fnzu72euaic6cmi 890129 890128 2026-08-01T13:06:40Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357132043|Nuno Santos (footballer, born 1999)]]" 890129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nuno Miguel Valente Santos''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Maris 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Mamelodi Sundowns ta Afirka ta Kudu . == Aikin kulob == === Benfica === An haife shi a [[Porto]], Santos ɗan wasan matasa ne a manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na birninsa, Boavista FC da FC Porto, kafin ya koma SL Benfica a 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Resendes |first=Manuel |date=18 August 2020 |title=Mercado: Boavista garante médio ofensivo Nuno Santos ao Benfica |trans-title=Transfer market: Boavista confirm attacking midfielder Nuno Santos from Benfica |url=https://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/239596-mercado-boavista-garante-medio-ofensivo-nuno-santos-ao-benfica/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta LigaPro a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2017 yayin da kakar wasa ta fara da rashin nasara a waje da UD Oliveirense 2-1, kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 6 ga Janairu a ƙarshen rashin nasara da FC Porto B ta yi da ci 3-1. A shekarar 2018-19 ya zira kwallaye bakwai mafi kyau a rayuwarsa (ya ƙara biyar a wasanni bakwai a gasar matasa ta UEFA ), daga baya ya sabunta kwangilarsa har zuwa 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2019 |title=Benfica renova com Nuno Santos até 2024 |trans-title=Benfica renew with Nuno Santos until 2024 |url=https://www.tsf.pt/desporto/benfica-renova-com-nuno-santos-ate-2024-11202102.html |access-date=7 February 2022 |publisher=[[TSF (radio station)|TSF]] |language=pt}}</ref> A lokacin kyaftin na Benfica B, an ba Santos aron zuwa kulob din Primeira Liga Moreirense FC a ranar 29 ga Janairu 2020. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a manyan gasa bayan kwana hudu da fara wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Gil Vicente FC da ci 5-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2020 |title=Gil Vicente FC em "dia não" é goleado por Moreirense FC |trans-title=Gil Vicente FC on "off day" are thrashed by Moreirense FC |url=https://barcelosnahora.pt/gil-vicente-fc-em-dia-nao-e-goleado-por-moreirense-fc/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Barcelos na Hora |language=pt}}</ref> Kwallonsa ta farko a matakin ta zo ne a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli domin ya lashe wasan a B-SAD . Santos ya ci gaba da ba da bashi a cikin yanayi biyu masu zuwa, zuwa Boavista <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=Oficial: Benfica empresta Nuno Santos ao Boavista |trans-title=Official: Benfica loan Nuno Santos to Boavista |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/1566700/oficial-benfica-empresta-nuno-santos-ao-boavista |access-date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> da FC Paços de Ferreira . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2021 |title=Nuno Santos vai defender o amarelo |trans-title=Nuno Santos will defend yellows |url=https://www.fcpf.pt/2021/07/11/nuno-santos-vai-defender-o-amarelo/ |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=F.C. Paços Ferreira |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2021, yayin da yake yi wa ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe hidima, ya sanya ƙungiyarsa a gaba a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar iyayensa a zagaye na huɗu na Taça de Portugal, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2021 |title=VÍDEO: Nuno Santos deu vantagem ao Paços na Luz e pediu desculpa |trans-title=VIDEO: Nuno Santos put Paços in front at the Luz and apologised |url=https://tvi24.iol.pt/taca-portugal/taca/video-nuno-santos-deu-vantagem-ao-pacos-na-luz-e-pediu-desculpa |access-date=7 February 2022 |publisher=[[CNN Portugal]] |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marques |first=Pedro Miguel |date=19 November 2021 |title=Benfica 4–1 Paços de Ferreira: Águia apanha susto mas acaba a golear e segue em frente na Taça |trans-title=Benfica 4–1 Paços de Ferreira: Eagle got scare but end up thrashing and go through in Cup |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/taca-de-portugal/artigos/benfica-4-1-pacos-de-ferreira-aguia-apanha-susto-mas-acaba-a-golear-e-segue-em-frente-na-taca |access-date=7 February 2022 |publisher=[[SAPO (company)|SAPO]] |language=pt}}</ref> === Charlotte FC === A ranar 5 ga Agusta 2022, Santos ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Charlotte FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2022 |title=Charlotte FC acquires Portuguese attacking midfielder Nuno Santos from SL Benfica |url=https://www.charlottefootballclub.com/news/charlotte-fc-acquires-portuguese-attacking-midfielder-nuno-santos-sl-benfica |access-date=5 August 2022 |publisher=Charlotte FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Major League Soccer a ranar 17 ga Satumba a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Chicago Fire FC da ci 3-2, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2022 |title=Karol Swiderski helps Charlotte FC come back to beat Fire |url=https://sportsnaut.com/karol-swiderski-helps-charlotte-fc-come-back-to-beat-fire/ |access-date=4 August 2023 |publisher=Sportsnaut}}</ref> sannan kuma ya shafe lokaci tare da kungiyar Crown Legacy FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2023 |title=Charlotte FC loans Nuno Santos to Crown Legacy FC |url=https://www.charlottefootballclub.com/clfc/news/charlotte-fc-loans-nuno-santos-to-crown-legacy-fc |access-date=4 August 2023 |publisher=Charlotte FC}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] k6il1l6r744pb6c4xbahe1k4gjztzh1 0 162653 890130 2026-08-01T13:16:19Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360657475|Fadluya]]" 890130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadluya''' (wanda aka fi sani le '''Fadlawayh'''), ya kasance shugaban [[Kurdawa]] na Shabankara a Fars . Shi ne ɗan Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub na dangin Ramani na Shabankara, waɗanda Kurdawa ne daga Siriya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Fars, kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Shabankara a Fars (r. 1030-1078), wanda ya kasance daga lokaci-lokaci daga 1030 zuwa 1355. Shabankaras sun mamaye yankin dutse na Kuhgiluya kuma sun ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Büchner" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, mahaifin Fadluya Ali ya tura shi zuwa [[Saheb-e Adel]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mai mulkin [[Daular Buyid|Buyid]] Abu Kalijar . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ali ya nemi a ba ɗansa matsayin kotu.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya tashi a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Saheb-e Adel kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Sepahsalar . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, Abu Kalijar "ya yanke shawarar karɓar yankunan Shabankara don kansa, wanda ya ware Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica" /> == Sarkin Fars == [[Fayil:Map_of_Fars_and_it's_surrounding_regions.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Fars da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11]] Lokacin da yarima Qavurt na Seljuk ya mamaye Fars a cikin 1053, Fadluya ya juya ga ɗan'uwan Qavurt [[Alp Arslan]] . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da haraji na shekara-shekara na dirhams miliyan 27 don dawo da Seljuks wanda ya bar shi ya kasance mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya yarda, kuma a shekara ta 1055 Fadluya ya karfafa mulkinsa a Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Babban babban birninta ya kasance a [[Goshnabad]], ko Joshnabad, wani gari a wani wuri a arewa maso gabashin Fasa . <ref name="Iranica" /> Har ila yau, wani lokacin yakan zauna a Darabgerd da [[Shiraz]] . <ref name="Iranica" /> Daga baya, a cikin mulkin sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya ya yi tawaye da shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya daina aika haraji na shekara-shekara, ya ayyana kansa mai mulki mai zaman kansa, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a sansanin [[Khvorsha]] kusa da Jahrom . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, wannan tawaye bai yi nasara ba - Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk ya zo ya ƙare ya kama sansanin bayan kwanaki 16.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya mika wuya kuma ya ba da kansa don biyan diyya.<ref name="Iranica" /> An gafarta masa kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da matsayinsa na mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya sake tawaye a shekara ta 1072, kuma an sake aika Nizam al-Mulk don ya mallake shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Yunkurin Nizam al-Mulk na warware abubuwa cikin lumana ya gaza; kuma Fadluya ya ƙare ya ɓoye kansa a cikin kagara.<ref name="Iranica" /> Nizam al-Mulk ya fara kewaye, wanda ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin masu kare su mika wuya saboda rashin ruwa.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu amma an kama shi kuma an kawo shi gaban Alp Arslan . <ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya sake gafarta wa Fadluya, amma a wannan lokacin ya ɗaure shi a sansanin soja na Estakhr . <ref name="Iranica" /> == Mutuwa == A cewar Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya ya kasance fursuna a Estakhr har tsawon rayuwarsa.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1078, ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki sansanin amma ya kasa, kuma an kama shi kuma an kashe shi.<ref name="Iranica" /> An cika fatarsa da kara kuma an rataye shi a kan nuni na jama'a.<ref name="Iranica" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   * {{Cite book|last3=C. E. Bosworth}} *   *   *   *   {{S-start}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac|unknown}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Shabankara]] ruler (in Fars)}} {{S-non}} {{S-end}} jwk5c6igkd0e45cvf0g5732hnu65xzu 890131 890130 2026-08-01T13:18:16Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 890131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadluya''' (wanda aka fi sani le '''Fadlawayh'''), ya kasance shugaban [[Kurdawa]] na Shabankara a Fars . Shi ne ɗan Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub na dangin Ramani na Shabankara, waɗanda Kurdawa ne daga Siriya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Fars, kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Shabankara a Fars (r. 1030-1078), wanda ya kasance daga lokaci-lokaci daga 1030 zuwa 1355. Shabankaras sun mamaye yankin dutse na Kuhgiluya kuma sun ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Büchner" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, mahaifin Fadluya Ali ya tura shi zuwa [[Saheb-e Adel]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mai mulkin [[Daular Buyid|Buyid]] Abu Kalijar . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ali ya nemi a ba ɗansa matsayin kotu.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya tashi a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Saheb-e Adel kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Sepahsalar . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, Abu Kalijar "ya yanke shawarar karɓar yankunan Shabankara don kansa, wanda ya ware Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica" /> == Sarkin Fars == [[Fayil:Map_of_Fars_and_it's_surrounding_regions.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Fars da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11]] Lokacin da yarima Qavurt na Seljuk ya mamaye Fars a cikin 1053, Fadluya ya juya ga ɗan'uwan Qavurt [[Alp Arslan]] . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da haraji na shekara-shekara na dirhams miliyan 27 don dawo da Seljuks wanda ya bar shi ya kasance mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya yarda, kuma a shekara ta 1055 Fadluya ya karfafa mulkinsa a Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Babban babban birninta ya kasance a [[Goshnabad]], ko Joshnabad, wani gari a wani wuri a arewa maso gabashin Fasa . <ref name="Iranica" /> Har ila yau, wani lokacin yakan zauna a Darabgerd da [[Shiraz]] . <ref name="Iranica" /> Daga baya, a cikin mulkin sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya ya yi tawaye da shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ya daina aika haraji na shekara-shekara, ya ayyana kansa mai mulki mai zaman kansa, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a sansanin [[Khvorsha]] kusa da Jahrom . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, wannan tawaye bai yi nasara ba - Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk ya zo ya ƙare ya kama sansanin bayan kwanaki 16.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya mika wuya kuma ya ba da kansa don biyan diyya.<ref name="Iranica" /> An gafarta masa kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da matsayinsa na mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya sake tawaye a shekara ta 1072, kuma an sake aika Nizam al-Mulk don ya mallake shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Yunkurin Nizam al-Mulk na warware abubuwa cikin lumana ya gaza; kuma Fadluya ya ƙare ya ɓoye kansa a cikin kagara.<ref name="Iranica" /> Nizam al-Mulk ya fara kewaye, wanda ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin masu kare su mika wuya saboda rashin ruwa.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu amma an kama shi kuma an kawo shi gaban Alp Arslan . <ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya sake gafarta wa Fadluya, amma a wannan lokacin ya ɗaure shi a sansanin soja na Estakhr . <ref name="Iranica" /> == Mutuwa == A cewar Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya ya kasance fursuna a Estakhr har tsawon rayuwarsa.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1078, ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki sansanin amma ya kasa, kuma an kama shi kuma an kashe shi.<ref name="Iranica" /> An cika fatarsa da kara kuma an rataye shi a kan nuni na jama'a.<ref name="Iranica" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   * {{Cite book|last3=C. E. Bosworth}} *   *   *   *   {{S-start}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac|unknown}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Shabankara]] ruler (in Fars)}} {{S-non}} {{S-end}} 4zjadygjezvs0hzppks4a7m1c3po5m5 890135 890131 2026-08-01T13:36:09Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 890135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadluya''' (wanda aka fi sani le '''Fadlawayh'''), ya kasance shugaban [[Kurdawa]]<ref name="Spuler">{{citation|last=Spuler|first=B.|date=2012|chapter=Faḍlawayh|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadlawayh-SIM_2233|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233|isbn=9789004161214|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Büchner">{{citation|last=Büchner|first=V. F.|date=2012|chapter=S̲h̲abānkāra|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/shabankara-SIM_5253?s.num=4&s.rows=50|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5253|isbn=9789004082656|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> na Shabankara a Fars . Shi ne ɗan Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub na dangin Ramani na Shabankara, waɗanda Kurdawa ne daga Siriya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Fars, kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Shabankara a Fars (r. 1030-1078), wanda ya kasance daga lokaci-lokaci daga 1030 zuwa 1355. Shabankaras sun mamaye yankin dutse na Kuhgiluya kuma sun ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Büchner" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, mahaifin Fadluya Ali ya tura shi zuwa [[Saheb-e Adel]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mai mulkin [[Daular Buyid|Buyid]] Abu Kalijar . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ali ya nemi a ba ɗansa matsayin kotu.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya tashi a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Saheb-e Adel kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Sepahsalar . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, Abu Kalijar "ya yanke shawarar karɓar yankunan Shabankara don kansa, wanda ya ware Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica" /> == Sarkin Fars == [[Fayil:Map_of_Fars_and_it's_surrounding_regions.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Fars da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11]] Lokacin da yarima Qavurt na Seljuk ya mamaye Fars a cikin 1053, Fadluya ya juya ga ɗan'uwan Qavurt [[Alp Arslan]] . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da haraji na shekara-shekara na dirhams miliyan 27 don dawo da Seljuks wanda ya bar shi ya kasance mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya yarda, kuma a shekara ta 1055 Fadluya ya karfafa mulkinsa a Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Babban babban birninta ya kasance a [[Goshnabad]], ko Joshnabad, wani gari a wani wuri a arewa maso gabashin Fasa . <ref name="Iranica" /> Har ila yau, wani lokacin yakan zauna a Darabgerd da [[Shiraz]] . <ref name="Iranica" /> Daga baya, a cikin mulkin sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya ya yi tawaye da shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ya daina aika haraji na shekara-shekara, ya ayyana kansa mai mulki mai zaman kansa, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a sansanin [[Khvorsha]] kusa da Jahrom . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, wannan tawaye bai yi nasara ba - Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk ya zo ya ƙare ya kama sansanin bayan kwanaki 16.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya mika wuya kuma ya ba da kansa don biyan diyya.<ref name="Iranica" /> An gafarta masa kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da matsayinsa na mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya sake tawaye a shekara ta 1072, kuma an sake aika Nizam al-Mulk don ya mallake shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Yunkurin Nizam al-Mulk na warware abubuwa cikin lumana ya gaza; kuma Fadluya ya ƙare ya ɓoye kansa a cikin kagara.<ref name="Iranica" /> Nizam al-Mulk ya fara kewaye, wanda ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin masu kare su mika wuya saboda rashin ruwa.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu amma an kama shi kuma an kawo shi gaban Alp Arslan . <ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya sake gafarta wa Fadluya, amma a wannan lokacin ya ɗaure shi a sansanin soja na Estakhr . <ref name="Iranica" /> == Mutuwa == A cewar Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya ya kasance fursuna a Estakhr har tsawon rayuwarsa.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1078, ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki sansanin amma ya kasa, kuma an kama shi kuma an kashe shi.<ref name="Iranica" /> An cika fatarsa da kara kuma an rataye shi a kan nuni na jama'a.<ref name="Iranica" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   * {{Cite book|last3=C. E. Bosworth}} *   *   *   *   {{S-start}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac|unknown}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Shabankara]] ruler (in Fars)}} {{S-non}} {{S-end}} tuxvde8934d6wicfl8bejevzjh1xm70 890136 890135 2026-08-01T13:38:27Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 890136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadluya''' (wanda aka fi sani le '''Fadlawayh'''), ya kasance shugaban [[Kurdawa]]<ref name="Spuler">{{citation|last=Spuler|first=B.|date=2012|chapter=Faḍlawayh|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadlawayh-SIM_2233|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233|isbn=9789004161214|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Büchner">{{citation|last=Büchner|first=V. F.|date=2012|chapter=S̲h̲abānkāra|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/shabankara-SIM_5253?s.num=4&s.rows=50|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5253|isbn=9789004082656|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> na Shabankara a Fars . Shi ne ɗan Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub na dangin Ramani na Shabankara, waɗanda Kurdawa ne daga Siriya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Fars, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&dq=Shabankara&pg=PA166 |title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-933079-9 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Spuler, B. (1987). [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-lorestan "ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN"]. [[Encyclopædia Iranica|Encyclopedia Iranica]]. II.</ref> kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Shabankara a Fars (r. 1030-1078), wanda ya kasance daga lokaci-lokaci daga 1030 zuwa 1355. Shabankaras sun mamaye yankin dutse na Kuhgiluya kuma sun ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Büchner" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, mahaifin Fadluya Ali ya tura shi zuwa [[Saheb-e Adel]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mai mulkin [[Daular Buyid|Buyid]] Abu Kalijar . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ali ya nemi a ba ɗansa matsayin kotu.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya tashi a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Saheb-e Adel kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Sepahsalar . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, Abu Kalijar "ya yanke shawarar karɓar yankunan Shabankara don kansa, wanda ya ware Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica" /> == Sarkin Fars == [[Fayil:Map_of_Fars_and_it's_surrounding_regions.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Fars da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11]] Lokacin da yarima Qavurt na Seljuk ya mamaye Fars a cikin 1053, Fadluya ya juya ga ɗan'uwan Qavurt [[Alp Arslan]] . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da haraji na shekara-shekara na dirhams miliyan 27 don dawo da Seljuks wanda ya bar shi ya kasance mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya yarda, kuma a shekara ta 1055 Fadluya ya karfafa mulkinsa a Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Babban babban birninta ya kasance a [[Goshnabad]], ko Joshnabad, wani gari a wani wuri a arewa maso gabashin Fasa . <ref name="Iranica" /> Har ila yau, wani lokacin yakan zauna a Darabgerd da [[Shiraz]] . <ref name="Iranica" /> Daga baya, a cikin mulkin sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya ya yi tawaye da shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ya daina aika haraji na shekara-shekara, ya ayyana kansa mai mulki mai zaman kansa, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a sansanin [[Khvorsha]] kusa da Jahrom . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, wannan tawaye bai yi nasara ba - Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk ya zo ya ƙare ya kama sansanin bayan kwanaki 16.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya mika wuya kuma ya ba da kansa don biyan diyya.<ref name="Iranica" /> An gafarta masa kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da matsayinsa na mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya sake tawaye a shekara ta 1072, kuma an sake aika Nizam al-Mulk don ya mallake shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Yunkurin Nizam al-Mulk na warware abubuwa cikin lumana ya gaza; kuma Fadluya ya ƙare ya ɓoye kansa a cikin kagara.<ref name="Iranica" /> Nizam al-Mulk ya fara kewaye, wanda ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin masu kare su mika wuya saboda rashin ruwa.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu amma an kama shi kuma an kawo shi gaban Alp Arslan . <ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya sake gafarta wa Fadluya, amma a wannan lokacin ya ɗaure shi a sansanin soja na Estakhr . <ref name="Iranica" /> == Mutuwa == A cewar Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya ya kasance fursuna a Estakhr har tsawon rayuwarsa.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1078, ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki sansanin amma ya kasa, kuma an kama shi kuma an kashe shi.<ref name="Iranica" /> An cika fatarsa da kara kuma an rataye shi a kan nuni na jama'a.<ref name="Iranica" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   * {{Cite book|last3=C. E. Bosworth}} *   *   *   *   {{S-start}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac|unknown}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Shabankara]] ruler (in Fars)}} {{S-non}} {{S-end}} jdf5uuwri37ilxqfpkv92ef83dzvft3 890137 890136 2026-08-01T13:38:59Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 890137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadluya''' (wanda aka fi sani le '''Fadlawayh'''), ya kasance shugaban [[Kurdawa]]<ref name="Spuler">{{citation|last=Spuler|first=B.|date=2012|chapter=Faḍlawayh|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadlawayh-SIM_2233|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233|isbn=9789004161214|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Büchner">{{citation|last=Büchner|first=V. F.|date=2012|chapter=S̲h̲abānkāra|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/shabankara-SIM_5253?s.num=4&s.rows=50|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5253|isbn=9789004082656|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> na Shabankara a Fars . Shi ne ɗan Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub na dangin Ramani na Shabankara, waɗanda Kurdawa ne daga Siriya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Fars, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&dq=Shabankara&pg=PA166 |title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-933079-9 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Spuler, B. (1987). [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-lorestan "ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN"]. [[Encyclopædia Iranica|Encyclopedia Iranica]]. II.</ref> kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Shabankara a Fars (r. 1030-1078), wanda ya kasance daga lokaci-lokaci daga 1030 zuwa 1355. Shabankaras sun mamaye yankin dutse na Kuhgiluya kuma sun ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Büchner" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, mahaifin Fadluya Ali ya tura shi zuwa [[Saheb-e Adel]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mai mulkin [[Daular Buyid|Buyid]] Abu Kalijar . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ali ya nemi a ba ɗansa matsayin kotu.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya tashi a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Saheb-e Adel kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Sepahsalar . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, Abu Kalijar "ya yanke shawarar karɓar yankunan Shabankara don kansa, wanda ya ware Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica" /> == Sarkin Fars == [[Fayil:Map_of_Fars_and_it's_surrounding_regions.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Fars da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11]] Lokacin da yarima Qavurt na Seljuk ya mamaye Fars a cikin 1053, Fadluya ya juya ga ɗan'uwan Qavurt [[Alp Arslan]] . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da haraji na shekara-shekara na dirhams miliyan 27 don dawo da Seljuks wanda ya bar shi ya kasance mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya yarda, kuma a shekara ta 1055 Fadluya ya karfafa mulkinsa a Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Babban babban birninta ya kasance a [[Goshnabad]], ko Joshnabad, wani gari a wani wuri a arewa maso gabashin Fasa . <ref name="Iranica" /> Har ila yau, wani lokacin yakan zauna a Darabgerd da [[Shiraz]] . <ref name="Iranica" /> Daga baya, a cikin mulkin sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya ya yi tawaye da shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ya daina aika haraji na shekara-shekara, ya ayyana kansa mai mulki mai zaman kansa, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a sansanin [[Khvorsha]] kusa da Jahrom . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, wannan tawaye bai yi nasara ba - Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk ya zo ya ƙare ya kama sansanin bayan kwanaki 16.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya mika wuya kuma ya ba da kansa don biyan diyya.<ref name="Iranica" /> An gafarta masa kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da matsayinsa na mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya sake tawaye a shekara ta 1072, kuma an sake aika Nizam al-Mulk don ya mallake shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Yunkurin Nizam al-Mulk na warware abubuwa cikin lumana ya gaza; kuma Fadluya ya ƙare ya ɓoye kansa a cikin kagara.<ref name="Iranica" /> Nizam al-Mulk ya fara kewaye, wanda ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin masu kare su mika wuya saboda rashin ruwa.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu amma an kama shi kuma an kawo shi gaban Alp Arslan . <ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya sake gafarta wa Fadluya, amma a wannan lokacin ya ɗaure shi a sansanin soja na Estakhr . <ref name="Iranica" /> == Mutuwa == A cewar Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya ya kasance fursuna a Estakhr har tsawon rayuwarsa.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1078, ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki sansanin amma ya kasa, kuma an kama shi kuma an kashe shi.<ref name="Iranica" /> An cika fatarsa da kara kuma an rataye shi a kan nuni na jama'a.<ref name="Iranica" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   * {{Cite book|last3=C. E. Bosworth}} *   *   *   *   {{S-start}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac|unknown}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Shabankara]] ruler (in Fars)}} {{S-non}} {{S-end}} hq1nffnqqhi76otlpvfrzekfel6n856 890138 890137 2026-08-01T13:41:09Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Sarkin Fars */ 890138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadluya''' (wanda aka fi sani le '''Fadlawayh'''), ya kasance shugaban [[Kurdawa]]<ref name="Spuler">{{citation|last=Spuler|first=B.|date=2012|chapter=Faḍlawayh|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadlawayh-SIM_2233|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233|isbn=9789004161214|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Büchner">{{citation|last=Büchner|first=V. F.|date=2012|chapter=S̲h̲abānkāra|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/shabankara-SIM_5253?s.num=4&s.rows=50|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5253|isbn=9789004082656|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> na Shabankara a Fars . Shi ne ɗan Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub na dangin Ramani na Shabankara, waɗanda Kurdawa ne daga Siriya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Fars, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&dq=Shabankara&pg=PA166 |title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-933079-9 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Spuler, B. (1987). [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-lorestan "ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN"]. [[Encyclopædia Iranica|Encyclopedia Iranica]]. II.</ref> kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Shabankara a Fars (r. 1030-1078), wanda ya kasance daga lokaci-lokaci daga 1030 zuwa 1355. Shabankaras sun mamaye yankin dutse na Kuhgiluya kuma sun ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Büchner" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, mahaifin Fadluya Ali ya tura shi zuwa [[Saheb-e Adel]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mai mulkin [[Daular Buyid|Buyid]] Abu Kalijar . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ali ya nemi a ba ɗansa matsayin kotu.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya tashi a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Saheb-e Adel kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Sepahsalar . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, Abu Kalijar "ya yanke shawarar karɓar yankunan Shabankara don kansa, wanda ya ware Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica" /> == Sarkin Fars == [[Fayil:Map_of_Fars_and_it's_surrounding_regions.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Fars da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11]] Lokacin da yarima Qavurt na Seljuk ya mamaye Fars a cikin 1053, Fadluya ya juya ga ɗan'uwan Qavurt [[Alp Arslan]] . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da haraji na shekara-shekara na dirhams miliyan 27 don dawo da Seljuks wanda ya bar shi ya kasance mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya yarda, kuma a shekara ta 1055 Fadluya ya karfafa mulkinsa a Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Babban babban birninta ya kasance a [[Goshnabad]], ko Joshnabad, wani gari a wani wuri a arewa maso gabashin Fasa . <ref name="Iranica" /> Har ila yau, wani lokacin yakan zauna a Darabgerd da [[Shiraz]] . <ref name="Iranica" /> Daga baya, a cikin mulkin sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya ya yi tawaye da shi. Ya daina aika haraji na shekara-shekara, ya ayyana kansa mai mulki mai zaman kansa, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a sansanin [[Khvorsha]] kusa da Jahrom . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, wannan tawaye bai yi nasara ba - Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk ya zo ya ƙare ya kama sansanin bayan kwanaki 16.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya mika wuya kuma ya ba da kansa don biyan diyya.<ref name="Iranica" /> An gafarta masa kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da matsayinsa na mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya sake tawaye a shekara ta 1072, kuma an sake aika Nizam al-Mulk don ya mallake shi.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Yunkurin Nizam al-Mulk na warware abubuwa cikin lumana ya gaza; kuma Fadluya ya ƙare ya ɓoye kansa a cikin kagara.<ref name="Iranica" /> Nizam al-Mulk ya fara kewaye, wanda ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin masu kare su mika wuya saboda rashin ruwa.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu amma an kama shi kuma an kawo shi gaban Alp Arslan . <ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya sake gafarta wa Fadluya, amma a wannan lokacin ya ɗaure shi a sansanin soja na Estakhr . <ref name="Iranica" /> == Mutuwa == A cewar Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya ya kasance fursuna a Estakhr har tsawon rayuwarsa.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1078, ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki sansanin amma ya kasa, kuma an kama shi kuma an kashe shi.<ref name="Iranica" /> An cika fatarsa da kara kuma an rataye shi a kan nuni na jama'a.<ref name="Iranica" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   * {{Cite book|last3=C. E. Bosworth}} *   *   *   *   {{S-start}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac|unknown}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Shabankara]] ruler (in Fars)}} {{S-non}} {{S-end}} pt9roa2k8ou27lwctlf0uwdpenyyb9m 890139 890138 2026-08-01T13:42:03Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Sarkin Fars */ 890139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadluya''' (wanda aka fi sani le '''Fadlawayh'''), ya kasance shugaban [[Kurdawa]]<ref name="Spuler">{{citation|last=Spuler|first=B.|date=2012|chapter=Faḍlawayh|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadlawayh-SIM_2233|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233|isbn=9789004161214|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Büchner">{{citation|last=Büchner|first=V. F.|date=2012|chapter=S̲h̲abānkāra|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/shabankara-SIM_5253?s.num=4&s.rows=50|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5253|isbn=9789004082656|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> na Shabankara a Fars . Shi ne ɗan Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub na dangin Ramani na Shabankara, waɗanda Kurdawa ne daga Siriya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Fars, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&dq=Shabankara&pg=PA166 |title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-933079-9 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Spuler, B. (1987). [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-lorestan "ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN"]. [[Encyclopædia Iranica|Encyclopedia Iranica]]. II.</ref> kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Shabankara a Fars (r. 1030-1078), wanda ya kasance daga lokaci-lokaci daga 1030 zuwa 1355. Shabankaras sun mamaye yankin dutse na Kuhgiluya kuma sun ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Büchner" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, mahaifin Fadluya Ali ya tura shi zuwa [[Saheb-e Adel]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mai mulkin [[Daular Buyid|Buyid]] Abu Kalijar . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ali ya nemi a ba ɗansa matsayin kotu.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya tashi a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Saheb-e Adel kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Sepahsalar . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, Abu Kalijar "ya yanke shawarar karɓar yankunan Shabankara don kansa, wanda ya ware Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica" /> == Sarkin Fars == [[Fayil:Map_of_Fars_and_it's_surrounding_regions.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Fars da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11]] Lokacin da yarima Qavurt na Seljuk ya mamaye Fars a cikin 1053, Fadluya ya juya ga ɗan'uwan Qavurt [[Alp Arslan]] . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da haraji na shekara-shekara na dirhams miliyan 27 don dawo da Seljuks wanda ya bar shi ya kasance mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya yarda, kuma a shekara ta 1055 Fadluya ya karfafa mulkinsa a Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Babban babban birninta ya kasance a [[Goshnabad]], ko Joshnabad, wani gari a wani wuri a arewa maso gabashin Fasa . <ref name="Iranica" /> Har ila yau, wani lokacin yakan zauna a Darabgerd da [[Shiraz]] . <ref name="Iranica" /> Daga baya, a cikin mulkin sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya ya yi tawaye da shi. Ya daina aika haraji na shekara-shekara, ya ayyana kansa mai mulki mai zaman kansa, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a sansanin [[Khvorsha]] kusa da Jahrom . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, wannan tawaye bai yi nasara ba - Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk ya zo ya ƙare ya kama sansanin bayan kwanaki 16.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya mika wuya kuma ya ba da kansa don biyan diyya.<ref name="Iranica" /> An gafarta masa kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da matsayinsa na mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya sake tawaye a shekara ta 1072, kuma an sake aika Nizam al-Mulk don ya mallake shi. Yunkurin Nizam al-Mulk na warware abubuwa cikin lumana ya gaza; kuma Fadluya ya ƙare ya ɓoye kansa a cikin kagara.<ref name="Iranica" /> Nizam al-Mulk ya fara kewaye, wanda ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin masu kare su mika wuya saboda rashin ruwa.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu amma an kama shi kuma an kawo shi gaban Alp Arslan . <ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya sake gafarta wa Fadluya, amma a wannan lokacin ya ɗaure shi a sansanin soja na Estakhr . <ref name="Iranica" /> == Mutuwa == A cewar Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya ya kasance fursuna a Estakhr har tsawon rayuwarsa.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1078, ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki sansanin amma ya kasa, kuma an kama shi kuma an kashe shi.<ref name="Iranica" /> An cika fatarsa da kara kuma an rataye shi a kan nuni na jama'a.<ref name="Iranica" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   * {{Cite book|last3=C. E. Bosworth}} *   *   *   *   {{S-start}} {{S-break}} {{S-vac|unknown}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Shabankara]] ruler (in Fars)}} {{S-non}} {{S-end}} 7828lkvly5e0dxf3xcj1pdr5vo2fqlf 890140 890139 2026-08-01T13:43:30Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ƙarin karantawa */ 890140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadluya''' (wanda aka fi sani le '''Fadlawayh'''), ya kasance shugaban [[Kurdawa]]<ref name="Spuler">{{citation|last=Spuler|first=B.|date=2012|chapter=Faḍlawayh|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/fadlawayh-SIM_2233|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233|isbn=9789004161214|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Büchner">{{citation|last=Büchner|first=V. F.|date=2012|chapter=S̲h̲abānkāra|chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/shabankara-SIM_5253?s.num=4&s.rows=50|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5253|isbn=9789004082656|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> na Shabankara a Fars . Shi ne ɗan Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub na dangin Ramani na Shabankara, waɗanda Kurdawa ne daga Siriya waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Fars, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Potts |first=Daniel T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ&dq=Shabankara&pg=PA166 |title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-933079-9 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Spuler, B. (1987). [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/atabakan-e-lorestan "ATĀBAKĀN-E LORESTĀN"]. [[Encyclopædia Iranica|Encyclopedia Iranica]]. II.</ref> kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Shabankara a Fars (r. 1030-1078), wanda ya kasance daga lokaci-lokaci daga 1030 zuwa 1355. Shabankaras sun mamaye yankin dutse na Kuhgiluya kuma sun ci gaba da samun 'yancin kai.<ref name="Büchner" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == Tun da farko a rayuwarsa, mahaifin Fadluya Ali ya tura shi zuwa [[Saheb-e Adel]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mai mulkin [[Daular Buyid|Buyid]] Abu Kalijar . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> Ali ya nemi a ba ɗansa matsayin kotu.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya tashi a matsayi a ƙarƙashin Saheb-e Adel kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Sepahsalar . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, Abu Kalijar "ya yanke shawarar karɓar yankunan Shabankara don kansa, wanda ya ware Fadluya".<ref name="Iranica" /> == Sarkin Fars == [[Fayil:Map_of_Fars_and_it's_surrounding_regions.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Taswirar Fars da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita a ƙarni na 10 zuwa 11]] Lokacin da yarima Qavurt na Seljuk ya mamaye Fars a cikin 1053, Fadluya ya juya ga ɗan'uwan Qavurt [[Alp Arslan]] . <ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMardukh">Mardukh, 'Abd-Allah. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah "FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL"]. ''[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da haraji na shekara-shekara na dirhams miliyan 27 don dawo da Seljuks wanda ya bar shi ya kasance mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya yarda, kuma a shekara ta 1055 Fadluya ya karfafa mulkinsa a Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Babban babban birninta ya kasance a [[Goshnabad]], ko Joshnabad, wani gari a wani wuri a arewa maso gabashin Fasa . <ref name="Iranica" /> Har ila yau, wani lokacin yakan zauna a Darabgerd da [[Shiraz]] . <ref name="Iranica" /> Daga baya, a cikin mulkin sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya ya yi tawaye da shi. Ya daina aika haraji na shekara-shekara, ya ayyana kansa mai mulki mai zaman kansa, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaro a sansanin [[Khvorsha]] kusa da Jahrom . <ref name="Iranica" /> Koyaya, wannan tawaye bai yi nasara ba - Alp Arslan's vizier Nizam al-Mulk ya zo ya ƙare ya kama sansanin bayan kwanaki 16.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya mika wuya kuma ya ba da kansa don biyan diyya.<ref name="Iranica" /> An gafarta masa kuma an ba shi izinin ci gaba da matsayinsa na mai mulkin Fars.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya sake tawaye a shekara ta 1072, kuma an sake aika Nizam al-Mulk don ya mallake shi. Yunkurin Nizam al-Mulk na warware abubuwa cikin lumana ya gaza; kuma Fadluya ya ƙare ya ɓoye kansa a cikin kagara.<ref name="Iranica" /> Nizam al-Mulk ya fara kewaye, wanda ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin masu kare su mika wuya saboda rashin ruwa.<ref name="Iranica" /> Fadluya ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu amma an kama shi kuma an kawo shi gaban Alp Arslan . <ref name="Iranica" /> Alp Arslan ya sake gafarta wa Fadluya, amma a wannan lokacin ya ɗaure shi a sansanin soja na Estakhr . <ref name="Iranica" /> == Mutuwa == A cewar Ibn al-Balkhi, Fadluya ya kasance fursuna a Estakhr har tsawon rayuwarsa.<ref name="Iranica">{{Cite web |last=Mardukh |first='Abd-Allah |title=FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU'L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/fazluya-amir-abul-abbas-fazl-known-also-as-nezam-al-din-fazl-allah |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Iranica]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1078, ya yi ƙoƙari ya mallaki sansanin amma ya kasa, kuma an kama shi kuma an kashe shi.<ref name="Iranica" /> An cika fatarsa da kara kuma an rataye shi a kan nuni na jama'a.<ref name="Iranica" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *{{cite book|last=Christensen|first=Peter|title=The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environments in the History of the Middle East, 500 B.C. to A.D. 1500|publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press|year=1993|isbn=9788772892597|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebB_ac13v3UC&q=false|pages= 1–351}} * {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs | year = 1975 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | editor-last = Frye | editor-first = R. N. | last = Bosworth | first = C. E. | author-link = C. E. Bosworth | chapter = Iran under the Buyids | pages = 250–305 | isbn = 0-521-20093-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&q=the+cambridge+history+of+iran+4}} * {{EI3|last=Hope|first=Michael|title=Faḍlawayh, Banū|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/fadlawayh-banu-COM_26910|year=2021}} * {{cite encyclopedia | article = BUYIDS | last = Nagel | first = Tilman | author-link = Nagel Tilman | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 6 | publisher = Routledge & Kegan Paul | location = London u.a. | year = 1990 | pages = 578–586 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/buyids}} * {{cite book | title = E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Bind 4 | last = Brill | year = 1993 | isbn = 9004097902 | pages = 1–611 | publisher = BRILL | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&q=Khusrau+Firuz+encyclopedia+of+islam}} *{{cite book|last=Potts|first=Daniel T.|title=Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era|location=London and New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199330799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ|pages=1–558}} {{s-start}} {{s-break}} {{s-vac|unknown}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Shabankara]] ruler (in Fars)|years=1030&ndash;1078}} {{s-non|reason=Unknown}} {{s-end}} 8rkss0dsbj1hn6ixrqizaagreojur9a 0 162654 890194 2026-08-01T14:49:46Z BnHamid 12586 BnHamid moved page [[Hustle na yanayi]] to [[Climate Hustle (fim)]] 890194 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Climate Hustle (fim)]] dwaw3z2vhsnfp02cdh6tlba7yjphgzl 0 162655 890205 2026-08-01T15:15:00Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356404856|List of vegetable dishes]]" 890205 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ratatouille.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ratatouille abinci ne na gargajiya na Faransanci wanda aka dafa shi a Nice.]] Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Wannan '''jerin kayan lambu''' ne, gami da kayan lambu wanda babban sinadaran, ko ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran mahimmanci, kayan lambu ce. A cikin sharuddan abinci, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]] shuka ce mai cin abinci ko ɓangaren shuka da aka nufa don dafa abinci ko don amfani da shi.<ref name="iarc">{{Cite book|last1=amp}}</ref> Ana samun kayan lambu da yawa a duk faɗin duniya. == Abincin kayan lambu ==    [[Fayil:Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[peperoni cruschi]]">Pasta con da peperoni cruschi, abincin pasta na Italiyanci tare da busassun albasa da aka sani da peperoni crischi]] [[Fayil:Salad_platter02_crop.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Saladi na lambu tare da lettuce, tumatir da aka bushe da rana, tumatir cherry, beets, cucumber da cuku fetaCuku da aka yi]] [[Fayil:Goma-ae_salad.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Goma-ae abinci ne na Japan. An yi shi da kayan lambu da kayan ado na [[Riɗi|sesame]].]] [[Fayil:Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tabbouleh abinci ne na kayan lambu na Levantine (wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Saladi) wanda aka yi da bulgur, tumatir, parsley da aka yanka sosai, [[Na'a-Na'a|mint]], da albasa, kuma an dafa shi da [[Man zaitun]], ruwan lemun tsami, da gishiri.]] [[Fayil:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Vichyssoise babban [[Miya|sopo]] ne da aka yi da [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]], [[albasa]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], cream, da Kayan kaza.]]   == Ta hanyar babban sinadarin == === Kayan abinci na kwai === [[Fayil:Azerbaijani_Badımcan_dolması_1.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[Shuka mai laushi]]]] * Baba ghanoush - Abincin Levantine na kwai da aka dafa * Caponata - Abincin kwai na Sicilian * Fried eggplant - Abincin kwai * Moussaka - Abincin kayan lambu, sauce da nama * Parmigiana - Abincin Italiyanci na kwai tare da cuku da sauce na tumatir * Stuffed eggplant - Abincin kwai === Abincin legume === * Baked beans - Beans da aka dafa a cikin sauce * Bean salad - Saladi mai sanyi na yau da kullun wanda ya ƙunshi wake daban-daban da aka dafa ko kuma mai laushi * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Edamame - Yankin soya da ba a manyanta ba wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman abinci na musamman * Falafel - Abincin wake da aka dafa a Gabas ta Tsakiya * Green bean casserole - Abincin Amurka daga shekarun 1950 * Hummus - Abincin chickpea na Gabas ta Tsakiya * Pea soup - Soup da aka yi da busassun wake * Refried beans - Abincin Mexico na wake da aka dafa * Chilli mai cin ganyayyaki === Abincin dankali === * Baked potato - Abincin dankali * French fries - Yankin dankalin turawa da aka dafa sosai * Knödel - Babban zagaye da aka yi da dankali ko burodi, wanda aka yi ba tare da yisti ba * Mashed potato - Abincin dankali * Patatas bravas - Abincin dankali na Mutanen Espanya * Potato chip - Dankali da aka yanka, an dafa shi sosai ko kuma an dafa shiShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Potato doughnut - Abincin da ke da ɗanɗano, wanda aka samo daga dankali * Potato pancake - Pancakes da aka dafa da ɗanɗano ko dankali * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Rösti - Abincin dankali na Switzerland * Samosa - Abincin da aka dafa da zurfi / juyawa * Spanish omelette - Abincin gargajiya na kwai da dankali == Ta hanyar nau'i == === Salad === * Caprese - Saladi na Italiya * Chef's salad - Saladi na Amurka * Coleslaw - Salad wanda ya kunshi da farko da aka raba da kyau * Greek salad - Salad na tumatir, cucumbers, da feta * Israeli salad - Saladi na kayan lambu da aka yi a Isra'ila * Pecel - Abincin kayan lambu na Indonesiya * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Salade niçoise - Saladi na Faransanci tare da anchovies ko tuna * Tabbouleh - Abincin Levantine na parsley da bulgur === Miya === * Borscht - Sopo mai zaki na Gabashin Turai * Corn chowder - Sopo na masara mai laushi daga Amurka * French onion soup - Soup na albasa da kaya * Gazpacho - Abincin sanyi na Mutanen Espanya * Kesäkeitto - Sopo na gargajiya na Finnish * Minestrone - Sopo mai zurfi na asalin Italiya * Spinach soup - Soup da aka shirya ta amfani da spinach * Tomato soup - Soup da aka yi da tumatir * Vichyssoise - Irin sopo == Ta hanyar ƙasa == === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === [[Fayil:Eggplant-&-Tomato-(Bhurta)-optimized.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Shuka da tumatir bhurta]] [[Fayil:Gobi_manchurian.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Gobi Manchu wani abincin abinci ne na [[Indiya]] da aka dafa a kasar Sin wanda ake yawan cinyewa a Indiya.]] * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Aavakaaya - Nau'o'in pickles da aka shirya ta amfani da mangoShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bharvan mirch - Abincin da ya haɗa da cika ramuka na belin da sauran abinci * Bhurta - Haɗin kayan lambu da aka dafa * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Gobi manchurian - Abincin da aka dafa da kyau a cikin abincin Indo-ChineseShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Kosambari - Saladi mai rabuwa da aka raba * Mattar paneer - Cuku da abincin wake na IndiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Pakora - Mai dafa abinci mai ɗanɗano wanda ya samo asali ne daga yankin Indiya * Poriyal - Farin Ciki na Tamil * Sambar (dish) - Saki na Lentil * Sarson da saag - Abincin Kudancin AsiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Tamate ka kut - Abincin tumatir na Indiya * Theeyal - Kudancin Indiya da aka gasa * Thoran - Abincin kayan lambu na Indiya * Undhiyu - Abincin kayan lambu na Gujarati === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Baingan - Nau'in shuke-shukeShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bhindi - Nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu cin abinciShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Saag - Abincin kayan lambu mai laushi daga yankin Indiya == Duba kuma == * Jerin abinci * Jerin salatin * Jerin kayan abinci na squash da pumpkin * Jerin kayan lambu * Abincin kayan lambu * Burger na kayan lambu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.pdfmx.com/the-complete-vegetarian-cookbook-pdf-free/ Cikakken Littafin Abinci na Abincin PDF] * {{Commons category-inline|Vegetable-based food}} 4yq3gmq9qtp9czy5hcw7272wdirj2fs 890207 890205 2026-08-01T15:15:56Z Quinlan83 13504 Fix 890207 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ratatouille.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ratatouille abinci ne na gargajiya na Faransanci wanda aka dafa shi a Nice.]] Wannan '''jerin kayan lambu''' ne, gami da kayan lambu wanda babban sinadaran, ko ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran mahimmanci, kayan lambu ce. A cikin sharuddan abinci, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]] shuka ce mai cin abinci ko ɓangaren shuka da aka nufa don dafa abinci ko don amfani da shi.<ref name="iarc">{{Cite book|last1=amp}}</ref> Ana samun kayan lambu da yawa a duk faɗin duniya. == Abincin kayan lambu ==    [[Fayil:Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[peperoni cruschi]]">Pasta con da peperoni cruschi, abincin pasta na Italiyanci tare da busassun albasa da aka sani da peperoni crischi]] [[Fayil:Salad_platter02_crop.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Saladi na lambu tare da lettuce, tumatir da aka bushe da rana, tumatir cherry, beets, cucumber da cuku fetaCuku da aka yi]] [[Fayil:Goma-ae_salad.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Goma-ae abinci ne na Japan. An yi shi da kayan lambu da kayan ado na [[Riɗi|sesame]].]] [[Fayil:Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tabbouleh abinci ne na kayan lambu na Levantine (wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Saladi) wanda aka yi da bulgur, tumatir, parsley da aka yanka sosai, [[Na'a-Na'a|mint]], da albasa, kuma an dafa shi da [[Man zaitun]], ruwan lemun tsami, da gishiri.]] [[Fayil:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Vichyssoise babban [[Miya|sopo]] ne da aka yi da [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]], [[albasa]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], cream, da Kayan kaza.]]   == Ta hanyar babban sinadarin == === Kayan abinci na kwai === [[Fayil:Azerbaijani_Badımcan_dolması_1.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[Shuka mai laushi]]]] * Baba ghanoush - Abincin Levantine na kwai da aka dafa * Caponata - Abincin kwai na Sicilian * Fried eggplant - Abincin kwai * Moussaka - Abincin kayan lambu, sauce da nama * Parmigiana - Abincin Italiyanci na kwai tare da cuku da sauce na tumatir * Stuffed eggplant - Abincin kwai === Abincin legume === * Baked beans - Beans da aka dafa a cikin sauce * Bean salad - Saladi mai sanyi na yau da kullun wanda ya ƙunshi wake daban-daban da aka dafa ko kuma mai laushi * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Edamame - Yankin soya da ba a manyanta ba wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman abinci na musamman * Falafel - Abincin wake da aka dafa a Gabas ta Tsakiya * Green bean casserole - Abincin Amurka daga shekarun 1950 * Hummus - Abincin chickpea na Gabas ta Tsakiya * Pea soup - Soup da aka yi da busassun wake * Refried beans - Abincin Mexico na wake da aka dafa * Chilli mai cin ganyayyaki === Abincin dankali === * Baked potato - Abincin dankali * French fries - Yankin dankalin turawa da aka dafa sosai * Knödel - Babban zagaye da aka yi da dankali ko burodi, wanda aka yi ba tare da yisti ba * Mashed potato - Abincin dankali * Patatas bravas - Abincin dankali na Mutanen Espanya * Potato chip - Dankali da aka yanka, an dafa shi sosai ko kuma an dafa shiShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Potato doughnut - Abincin da ke da ɗanɗano, wanda aka samo daga dankali * Potato pancake - Pancakes da aka dafa da ɗanɗano ko dankali * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Rösti - Abincin dankali na Switzerland * Samosa - Abincin da aka dafa da zurfi / juyawa * Spanish omelette - Abincin gargajiya na kwai da dankali == Ta hanyar nau'i == === Salad === * Caprese - Saladi na Italiya * Chef's salad - Saladi na Amurka * Coleslaw - Salad wanda ya kunshi da farko da aka raba da kyau * Greek salad - Salad na tumatir, cucumbers, da feta * Israeli salad - Saladi na kayan lambu da aka yi a Isra'ila * Pecel - Abincin kayan lambu na Indonesiya * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Salade niçoise - Saladi na Faransanci tare da anchovies ko tuna * Tabbouleh - Abincin Levantine na parsley da bulgur === Miya === * Borscht - Sopo mai zaki na Gabashin Turai * Corn chowder - Sopo na masara mai laushi daga Amurka * French onion soup - Soup na albasa da kaya * Gazpacho - Abincin sanyi na Mutanen Espanya * Kesäkeitto - Sopo na gargajiya na Finnish * Minestrone - Sopo mai zurfi na asalin Italiya * Spinach soup - Soup da aka shirya ta amfani da spinach * Tomato soup - Soup da aka yi da tumatir * Vichyssoise - Irin sopo == Ta hanyar ƙasa == === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === [[Fayil:Eggplant-&-Tomato-(Bhurta)-optimized.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Shuka da tumatir bhurta]] [[Fayil:Gobi_manchurian.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Gobi Manchu wani abincin abinci ne na [[Indiya]] da aka dafa a kasar Sin wanda ake yawan cinyewa a Indiya.]] * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Aavakaaya - Nau'o'in pickles da aka shirya ta amfani da mangoShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bharvan mirch - Abincin da ya haɗa da cika ramuka na belin da sauran abinci * Bhurta - Haɗin kayan lambu da aka dafa * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Gobi manchurian - Abincin da aka dafa da kyau a cikin abincin Indo-ChineseShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Kosambari - Saladi mai rabuwa da aka raba * Mattar paneer - Cuku da abincin wake na IndiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Pakora - Mai dafa abinci mai ɗanɗano wanda ya samo asali ne daga yankin Indiya * Poriyal - Farin Ciki na Tamil * Sambar (dish) - Saki na Lentil * Sarson da saag - Abincin Kudancin AsiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Tamate ka kut - Abincin tumatir na Indiya * Theeyal - Kudancin Indiya da aka gasa * Thoran - Abincin kayan lambu na Indiya * Undhiyu - Abincin kayan lambu na Gujarati === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Baingan - Nau'in shuke-shukeShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bhindi - Nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu cin abinciShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Saag - Abincin kayan lambu mai laushi daga yankin Indiya == Duba kuma == * Jerin abinci * Jerin salatin * Jerin kayan abinci na squash da pumpkin * Jerin kayan lambu * Abincin kayan lambu * Burger na kayan lambu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.pdfmx.com/the-complete-vegetarian-cookbook-pdf-free/ Cikakken Littafin Abinci na Abincin PDF] * {{Commons category-inline|Vegetable-based food}} ihoqmp8qqrhirtnog0van76bktigwpw 890208 890207 2026-08-01T15:18:04Z Alubaki 30448 890208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ratatouille.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ratatouille abinci ne na gargajiya na Faransanci wanda aka dafa shi a Nice.]] Wannan '''jerin kayan lambu''' ne, gami da kayan lambu wanda babban sinadaran, ko ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran mahimmanci, kayan lambu ce. A cikin sharuddan abinci, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]] shuka ce mai cin abinci ko ɓangaren shuka da aka nufa don dafa abinci ko don amfani da shi.<ref name="iarc">{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiKjvAzzwFYC&pg=PA |title=Fruits And Vegetables |isbn=9283230086|publisher=IARC |author1=Vainio, Harri |author2=Bianchini, Franca |name-list-style=amp|year=2003 |page=2}}</ref> Ana samun kayan lambu da yawa a duk faɗin duniya. == Abincin kayan lambu ==    [[Fayil:Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[peperoni cruschi]]">Pasta con da peperoni cruschi, abincin pasta na Italiyanci tare da busassun albasa da aka sani da peperoni crischi]] [[Fayil:Salad_platter02_crop.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Saladi na lambu tare da lettuce, tumatir da aka bushe da rana, tumatir cherry, beets, cucumber da cuku fetaCuku da aka yi]] [[Fayil:Goma-ae_salad.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Goma-ae abinci ne na Japan. An yi shi da kayan lambu da kayan ado na [[Riɗi|sesame]].]] [[Fayil:Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tabbouleh abinci ne na kayan lambu na Levantine (wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Saladi) wanda aka yi da bulgur, tumatir, parsley da aka yanka sosai, [[Na'a-Na'a|mint]], da albasa, kuma an dafa shi da [[Man zaitun]], ruwan lemun tsami, da gishiri.]] [[Fayil:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Vichyssoise babban [[Miya|sopo]] ne da aka yi da [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]], [[albasa]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], cream, da Kayan kaza.]]   == Ta hanyar babban sinadarin == === Kayan abinci na kwai === [[Fayil:Azerbaijani_Badımcan_dolması_1.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[Shuka mai laushi]]]] * Baba ghanoush - Abincin Levantine na kwai da aka dafa * Caponata - Abincin kwai na Sicilian * Fried eggplant - Abincin kwai * Moussaka - Abincin kayan lambu, sauce da nama * Parmigiana - Abincin Italiyanci na kwai tare da cuku da sauce na tumatir * Stuffed eggplant - Abincin kwai === Abincin legume === * Baked beans - Beans da aka dafa a cikin sauce * Bean salad - Saladi mai sanyi na yau da kullun wanda ya ƙunshi wake daban-daban da aka dafa ko kuma mai laushi * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Edamame - Yankin soya da ba a manyanta ba wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman abinci na musamman * Falafel - Abincin wake da aka dafa a Gabas ta Tsakiya * Green bean casserole - Abincin Amurka daga shekarun 1950 * Hummus - Abincin chickpea na Gabas ta Tsakiya * Pea soup - Soup da aka yi da busassun wake * Refried beans - Abincin Mexico na wake da aka dafa * Chilli mai cin ganyayyaki === Abincin dankali === * Baked potato - Abincin dankali * French fries - Yankin dankalin turawa da aka dafa sosai * Knödel - Babban zagaye da aka yi da dankali ko burodi, wanda aka yi ba tare da yisti ba * Mashed potato - Abincin dankali * Patatas bravas - Abincin dankali na Mutanen Espanya * Potato chip - Dankali da aka yanka, an dafa shi sosai ko kuma an dafa shiShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Potato doughnut - Abincin da ke da ɗanɗano, wanda aka samo daga dankali * Potato pancake - Pancakes da aka dafa da ɗanɗano ko dankali * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Rösti - Abincin dankali na Switzerland * Samosa - Abincin da aka dafa da zurfi / juyawa * Spanish omelette - Abincin gargajiya na kwai da dankali == Ta hanyar nau'i == === Salad === * Caprese - Saladi na Italiya * Chef's salad - Saladi na Amurka * Coleslaw - Salad wanda ya kunshi da farko da aka raba da kyau * Greek salad - Salad na tumatir, cucumbers, da feta * Israeli salad - Saladi na kayan lambu da aka yi a Isra'ila * Pecel - Abincin kayan lambu na Indonesiya * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Salade niçoise - Saladi na Faransanci tare da anchovies ko tuna * Tabbouleh - Abincin Levantine na parsley da bulgur === Miya === * Borscht - Sopo mai zaki na Gabashin Turai * Corn chowder - Sopo na masara mai laushi daga Amurka * French onion soup - Soup na albasa da kaya * Gazpacho - Abincin sanyi na Mutanen Espanya * Kesäkeitto - Sopo na gargajiya na Finnish * Minestrone - Sopo mai zurfi na asalin Italiya * Spinach soup - Soup da aka shirya ta amfani da spinach * Tomato soup - Soup da aka yi da tumatir * Vichyssoise - Irin sopo == Ta hanyar ƙasa == === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === [[Fayil:Eggplant-&-Tomato-(Bhurta)-optimized.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Shuka da tumatir bhurta]] [[Fayil:Gobi_manchurian.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Gobi Manchu wani abincin abinci ne na [[Indiya]] da aka dafa a kasar Sin wanda ake yawan cinyewa a Indiya.]] * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Aavakaaya - Nau'o'in pickles da aka shirya ta amfani da mangoShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bharvan mirch - Abincin da ya haɗa da cika ramuka na belin da sauran abinci * Bhurta - Haɗin kayan lambu da aka dafa * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Gobi manchurian - Abincin da aka dafa da kyau a cikin abincin Indo-ChineseShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Kosambari - Saladi mai rabuwa da aka raba * Mattar paneer - Cuku da abincin wake na IndiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Pakora - Mai dafa abinci mai ɗanɗano wanda ya samo asali ne daga yankin Indiya * Poriyal - Farin Ciki na Tamil * Sambar (dish) - Saki na Lentil * Sarson da saag - Abincin Kudancin AsiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Tamate ka kut - Abincin tumatir na Indiya * Theeyal - Kudancin Indiya da aka gasa * Thoran - Abincin kayan lambu na Indiya * Undhiyu - Abincin kayan lambu na Gujarati === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Baingan - Nau'in shuke-shukeShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bhindi - Nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu cin abinciShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Saag - Abincin kayan lambu mai laushi daga yankin Indiya == Duba kuma == * Jerin abinci * Jerin salatin * Jerin kayan abinci na squash da pumpkin * Jerin kayan lambu * Abincin kayan lambu * Burger na kayan lambu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.pdfmx.com/the-complete-vegetarian-cookbook-pdf-free/ Cikakken Littafin Abinci na Abincin PDF] * {{Commons category-inline|Vegetable-based food}} sxfd2w5zkmgtt1qhiehngbamfnkwcnl 890209 890208 2026-08-01T15:19:36Z Alubaki 30448 /* Abincin kayan lambu */ 890209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ratatouille.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ratatouille abinci ne na gargajiya na Faransanci wanda aka dafa shi a Nice.]] Wannan '''jerin kayan lambu''' ne, gami da kayan lambu wanda babban sinadaran, ko ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran mahimmanci, kayan lambu ce. A cikin sharuddan abinci, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]] shuka ce mai cin abinci ko ɓangaren shuka da aka nufa don dafa abinci ko don amfani da shi.<ref name="iarc">{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiKjvAzzwFYC&pg=PA |title=Fruits And Vegetables |isbn=9283230086|publisher=IARC |author1=Vainio, Harri |author2=Bianchini, Franca |name-list-style=amp|year=2003 |page=2}}</ref> Ana samun kayan lambu da yawa a duk faɗin duniya. == Abincin kayan lambu ==    [[Fayil:Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[peperoni cruschi]]">Pasta con da peperoni cruschi, abincin pasta na Italiyanci tare da busassun albasa da aka sani da peperoni crischi]] [[Fayil:Salad_platter02_crop.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Saladi na lambu tare da lettuce, tumatir da aka bushe da rana, tumatir cherry, beets, cucumber da cuku fetaCuku da aka yi]] [[Fayil:Goma-ae_salad.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Goma-ae abinci ne na Japan. An yi shi da kayan lambu da kayan ado na [[Riɗi|sesame]].]] [[Fayil:Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tabbouleh abinci ne na kayan lambu na Levantine (wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Saladi) wanda aka yi da bulgur, tumatir, parsley da aka yanka sosai, [[Na'a-Na'a|mint]], da albasa, kuma an dafa shi da [[Man zaitun]], ruwan lemun tsami, da gishiri.]] [[Fayil:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Vichyssoise babban [[Miya|sopo]] ne da aka yi da [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]], [[albasa]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], cream, da Kayan kaza.]]   [[File:Pasta peperoni cruschi.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Pasta con i peperoni cruschi]], an [[Italian cuisine|Italian]] pasta dish with dried peppers known as [[peperoni cruschi]]]] [[File:Salad platter02 crop.jpg|thumb|200px|A [[garden salad]] with [[lettuce]], [[sun-dried tomato]]es, [[cherry tomato]]es, [[beet]]s, [[cucumber]] and [[feta cheese]]]] [[File:Goma-ae salad.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Goma-ae]] is a [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]] [[side dish]]. It is made with vegetables and [[sesame]] dressing.]] [[File:Flickr - cyclonebill - Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Tabbouleh]] is a [[Levantine cuisine|Levantine]] [[Vegetarian cuisine|vegetarian]] dish (sometimes considered a [[salad]]) traditionally made of [[bulgur]], tomatoes, finely chopped [[parsley]], [[Mentha|mint]], and [[Scallion|onion]], and seasoned with [[olive oil]], [[lemon juice]], and salt.<ref>Sami Zubaida, "National, Communal and Global Dimensions in Middle Eastern Food Cultures" in [[Sami Zubaida]] and [[Richard Tapper]], ''A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East'', London and New York, 1994 and 2000, {{ISBN|1-86064-603-4}}, p. 35, 37; [[Claudia Roden]], ''A Book of Middle Eastern Food'', p. 86; [[Anissa Helou]], ''[[Oxford Companion to Food]]'', ''s.v.'' Lebanon and Syria; Maan Z. Madina, ''Arabic-English Dictionary of the Modern Literary Language'', 1973, ''s.v.'' تبل</ref><ref>''[[Oxford Companion to Food]]'', ''s.v.'' tabbouleh</ref><ref>Julia Al Arab - [http://julienjulia.blogspot.com/2014/04/tabbouleh-endive-boats.html Tabbouleh in Endive Boats recipe]</ref>]] [[File:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Vichyssoise]] is a thick [[soup]] made of [[purée]]d [[leek (vegetable)|leeks]], [[onion]]s, [[potato]]es, [[cream]], and [[chicken stock]].]] {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{annotated link|Ants on a log}} * {{annotated link|Ciambotta}} * {{annotated link|Chile relleno}} * {{annotated link|Collard liquor}} * {{annotated link|Confit byaldi}} * {{annotated link|Crudités}} * {{annotated link|Ema datshi}} * {{annotated link|Főzelék}} * {{annotated link|Fried cauliflower}} * {{annotated link|Ghormeh sabzi}} * {{annotated link|Goma-ae}} * {{annotated link|Green bean casserole}} * {{annotated link|Guacamole}} * {{annotated link|Jalapeño popper}} * {{annotated link|Kimchi}} * {{annotated link|Kuluban}} * {{annotated link|Lecsó}} * {{annotated link|Lettuce sandwich}} * {{annotated link|Mashed pumpkin}} * {{annotated link|Mish-mash (food)|Mish-mash}} * {{annotated link|Onion ring}} * {{annotated link|Pao cai}} * {{annotated link|Pasta con i peperoni cruschi}} * {{annotated link|Pasta primavera}} * {{annotated link|Pickled cucumber}} * {{annotated link|Pico de gallo}} * {{annotated link|Piperade}} * {{annotated link|Plecing kangkung}} * {{annotated link|Ratatouille}} * {{annotated link|Sambar (dish)|Sambar}} * {{annotated link|Sauerkraut}} * {{annotated link|Stuffed peppers}} * {{annotated link|Stuffed zucchini}} * {{annotated link|Succotash}} * {{annotated link|Sweet potato pie}} * {{annotated link|Sweet sour and spicy vegetable gravy}} * {{annotated link|Turnip cake}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable chips}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable sandwich}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable soup}} * {{annotated link|Stew|Vegetable stew}} {{div col end}} == Ta hanyar babban sinadarin == === Kayan abinci na kwai === [[Fayil:Azerbaijani_Badımcan_dolması_1.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[Shuka mai laushi]]]] * Baba ghanoush - Abincin Levantine na kwai da aka dafa * Caponata - Abincin kwai na Sicilian * Fried eggplant - Abincin kwai * Moussaka - Abincin kayan lambu, sauce da nama * Parmigiana - Abincin Italiyanci na kwai tare da cuku da sauce na tumatir * Stuffed eggplant - Abincin kwai === Abincin legume === * Baked beans - Beans da aka dafa a cikin sauce * Bean salad - Saladi mai sanyi na yau da kullun wanda ya ƙunshi wake daban-daban da aka dafa ko kuma mai laushi * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Edamame - Yankin soya da ba a manyanta ba wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman abinci na musamman * Falafel - Abincin wake da aka dafa a Gabas ta Tsakiya * Green bean casserole - Abincin Amurka daga shekarun 1950 * Hummus - Abincin chickpea na Gabas ta Tsakiya * Pea soup - Soup da aka yi da busassun wake * Refried beans - Abincin Mexico na wake da aka dafa * Chilli mai cin ganyayyaki === Abincin dankali === * Baked potato - Abincin dankali * French fries - Yankin dankalin turawa da aka dafa sosai * Knödel - Babban zagaye da aka yi da dankali ko burodi, wanda aka yi ba tare da yisti ba * Mashed potato - Abincin dankali * Patatas bravas - Abincin dankali na Mutanen Espanya * Potato chip - Dankali da aka yanka, an dafa shi sosai ko kuma an dafa shiShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Potato doughnut - Abincin da ke da ɗanɗano, wanda aka samo daga dankali * Potato pancake - Pancakes da aka dafa da ɗanɗano ko dankali * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Rösti - Abincin dankali na Switzerland * Samosa - Abincin da aka dafa da zurfi / juyawa * Spanish omelette - Abincin gargajiya na kwai da dankali == Ta hanyar nau'i == === Salad === * Caprese - Saladi na Italiya * Chef's salad - Saladi na Amurka * Coleslaw - Salad wanda ya kunshi da farko da aka raba da kyau * Greek salad - Salad na tumatir, cucumbers, da feta * Israeli salad - Saladi na kayan lambu da aka yi a Isra'ila * Pecel - Abincin kayan lambu na Indonesiya * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Salade niçoise - Saladi na Faransanci tare da anchovies ko tuna * Tabbouleh - Abincin Levantine na parsley da bulgur === Miya === * Borscht - Sopo mai zaki na Gabashin Turai * Corn chowder - Sopo na masara mai laushi daga Amurka * French onion soup - Soup na albasa da kaya * Gazpacho - Abincin sanyi na Mutanen Espanya * Kesäkeitto - Sopo na gargajiya na Finnish * Minestrone - Sopo mai zurfi na asalin Italiya * Spinach soup - Soup da aka shirya ta amfani da spinach * Tomato soup - Soup da aka yi da tumatir * Vichyssoise - Irin sopo == Ta hanyar ƙasa == === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === [[Fayil:Eggplant-&-Tomato-(Bhurta)-optimized.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Shuka da tumatir bhurta]] [[Fayil:Gobi_manchurian.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Gobi Manchu wani abincin abinci ne na [[Indiya]] da aka dafa a kasar Sin wanda ake yawan cinyewa a Indiya.]] * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Aavakaaya - Nau'o'in pickles da aka shirya ta amfani da mangoShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bharvan mirch - Abincin da ya haɗa da cika ramuka na belin da sauran abinci * Bhurta - Haɗin kayan lambu da aka dafa * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Gobi manchurian - Abincin da aka dafa da kyau a cikin abincin Indo-ChineseShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Kosambari - Saladi mai rabuwa da aka raba * Mattar paneer - Cuku da abincin wake na IndiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Pakora - Mai dafa abinci mai ɗanɗano wanda ya samo asali ne daga yankin Indiya * Poriyal - Farin Ciki na Tamil * Sambar (dish) - Saki na Lentil * Sarson da saag - Abincin Kudancin AsiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Tamate ka kut - Abincin tumatir na Indiya * Theeyal - Kudancin Indiya da aka gasa * Thoran - Abincin kayan lambu na Indiya * Undhiyu - Abincin kayan lambu na Gujarati === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Baingan - Nau'in shuke-shukeShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bhindi - Nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu cin abinciShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Saag - Abincin kayan lambu mai laushi daga yankin Indiya == Duba kuma == * Jerin abinci * Jerin salatin * Jerin kayan abinci na squash da pumpkin * Jerin kayan lambu * Abincin kayan lambu * Burger na kayan lambu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.pdfmx.com/the-complete-vegetarian-cookbook-pdf-free/ Cikakken Littafin Abinci na Abincin PDF] * {{Commons category-inline|Vegetable-based food}} mji9ktzeat9i82ijghd9eocvcfxad0l 890210 890209 2026-08-01T15:22:43Z Alubaki 30448 /* Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan */ 890210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ratatouille.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ratatouille abinci ne na gargajiya na Faransanci wanda aka dafa shi a Nice.]] Wannan '''jerin kayan lambu''' ne, gami da kayan lambu wanda babban sinadaran, ko ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran mahimmanci, kayan lambu ce. A cikin sharuddan abinci, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]] shuka ce mai cin abinci ko ɓangaren shuka da aka nufa don dafa abinci ko don amfani da shi.<ref name="iarc">{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiKjvAzzwFYC&pg=PA |title=Fruits And Vegetables |isbn=9283230086|publisher=IARC |author1=Vainio, Harri |author2=Bianchini, Franca |name-list-style=amp|year=2003 |page=2}}</ref> Ana samun kayan lambu da yawa a duk faɗin duniya. == Abincin kayan lambu ==    [[Fayil:Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[peperoni cruschi]]">Pasta con da peperoni cruschi, abincin pasta na Italiyanci tare da busassun albasa da aka sani da peperoni crischi]] [[Fayil:Salad_platter02_crop.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Saladi na lambu tare da lettuce, tumatir da aka bushe da rana, tumatir cherry, beets, cucumber da cuku fetaCuku da aka yi]] [[Fayil:Goma-ae_salad.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Goma-ae abinci ne na Japan. An yi shi da kayan lambu da kayan ado na [[Riɗi|sesame]].]] [[Fayil:Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tabbouleh abinci ne na kayan lambu na Levantine (wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Saladi) wanda aka yi da bulgur, tumatir, parsley da aka yanka sosai, [[Na'a-Na'a|mint]], da albasa, kuma an dafa shi da [[Man zaitun]], ruwan lemun tsami, da gishiri.]] [[Fayil:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Vichyssoise babban [[Miya|sopo]] ne da aka yi da [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]], [[albasa]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], cream, da Kayan kaza.]]   [[File:Pasta peperoni cruschi.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Pasta con i peperoni cruschi]], an [[Italian cuisine|Italian]] pasta dish with dried peppers known as [[peperoni cruschi]]]] [[File:Salad platter02 crop.jpg|thumb|200px|A [[garden salad]] with [[lettuce]], [[sun-dried tomato]]es, [[cherry tomato]]es, [[beet]]s, [[cucumber]] and [[feta cheese]]]] [[File:Goma-ae salad.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Goma-ae]] is a [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]] [[side dish]]. It is made with vegetables and [[sesame]] dressing.]] [[File:Flickr - cyclonebill - Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Tabbouleh]] is a [[Levantine cuisine|Levantine]] [[Vegetarian cuisine|vegetarian]] dish (sometimes considered a [[salad]]) traditionally made of [[bulgur]], tomatoes, finely chopped [[parsley]], [[Mentha|mint]], and [[Scallion|onion]], and seasoned with [[olive oil]], [[lemon juice]], and salt.<ref>Sami Zubaida, "National, Communal and Global Dimensions in Middle Eastern Food Cultures" in [[Sami Zubaida]] and [[Richard Tapper]], ''A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East'', London and New York, 1994 and 2000, {{ISBN|1-86064-603-4}}, p. 35, 37; [[Claudia Roden]], ''A Book of Middle Eastern Food'', p. 86; [[Anissa Helou]], ''[[Oxford Companion to Food]]'', ''s.v.'' Lebanon and Syria; Maan Z. Madina, ''Arabic-English Dictionary of the Modern Literary Language'', 1973, ''s.v.'' تبل</ref><ref>''[[Oxford Companion to Food]]'', ''s.v.'' tabbouleh</ref><ref>Julia Al Arab - [http://julienjulia.blogspot.com/2014/04/tabbouleh-endive-boats.html Tabbouleh in Endive Boats recipe]</ref>]] [[File:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Vichyssoise]] is a thick [[soup]] made of [[purée]]d [[leek (vegetable)|leeks]], [[onion]]s, [[potato]]es, [[cream]], and [[chicken stock]].]] {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{annotated link|Ants on a log}} * {{annotated link|Ciambotta}} * {{annotated link|Chile relleno}} * {{annotated link|Collard liquor}} * {{annotated link|Confit byaldi}} * {{annotated link|Crudités}} * {{annotated link|Ema datshi}} * {{annotated link|Főzelék}} * {{annotated link|Fried cauliflower}} * {{annotated link|Ghormeh sabzi}} * {{annotated link|Goma-ae}} * {{annotated link|Green bean casserole}} * {{annotated link|Guacamole}} * {{annotated link|Jalapeño popper}} * {{annotated link|Kimchi}} * {{annotated link|Kuluban}} * {{annotated link|Lecsó}} * {{annotated link|Lettuce sandwich}} * {{annotated link|Mashed pumpkin}} * {{annotated link|Mish-mash (food)|Mish-mash}} * {{annotated link|Onion ring}} * {{annotated link|Pao cai}} * {{annotated link|Pasta con i peperoni cruschi}} * {{annotated link|Pasta primavera}} * {{annotated link|Pickled cucumber}} * {{annotated link|Pico de gallo}} * {{annotated link|Piperade}} * {{annotated link|Plecing kangkung}} * {{annotated link|Ratatouille}} * {{annotated link|Sambar (dish)|Sambar}} * {{annotated link|Sauerkraut}} * {{annotated link|Stuffed peppers}} * {{annotated link|Stuffed zucchini}} * {{annotated link|Succotash}} * {{annotated link|Sweet potato pie}} * {{annotated link|Sweet sour and spicy vegetable gravy}} * {{annotated link|Turnip cake}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable chips}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable sandwich}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable soup}} * {{annotated link|Stew|Vegetable stew}} {{div col end}} == Ta hanyar babban sinadarin == === Kayan abinci na kwai === [[Fayil:Azerbaijani_Badımcan_dolması_1.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[Shuka mai laushi]]]] * Baba ghanoush - Abincin Levantine na kwai da aka dafa * Caponata - Abincin kwai na Sicilian * Fried eggplant - Abincin kwai * Moussaka - Abincin kayan lambu, sauce da nama * Parmigiana - Abincin Italiyanci na kwai tare da cuku da sauce na tumatir * Stuffed eggplant - Abincin kwai === Abincin legume === * Baked beans - Beans da aka dafa a cikin sauce * Bean salad - Saladi mai sanyi na yau da kullun wanda ya ƙunshi wake daban-daban da aka dafa ko kuma mai laushi * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Edamame - Yankin soya da ba a manyanta ba wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman abinci na musamman * Falafel - Abincin wake da aka dafa a Gabas ta Tsakiya * Green bean casserole - Abincin Amurka daga shekarun 1950 * Hummus - Abincin chickpea na Gabas ta Tsakiya * Pea soup - Soup da aka yi da busassun wake * Refried beans - Abincin Mexico na wake da aka dafa * Chilli mai cin ganyayyaki === Abincin dankali === * Baked potato - Abincin dankali * French fries - Yankin dankalin turawa da aka dafa sosai * Knödel - Babban zagaye da aka yi da dankali ko burodi, wanda aka yi ba tare da yisti ba * Mashed potato - Abincin dankali * Patatas bravas - Abincin dankali na Mutanen Espanya * Potato chip - Dankali da aka yanka, an dafa shi sosai ko kuma an dafa shiShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Potato doughnut - Abincin da ke da ɗanɗano, wanda aka samo daga dankali * Potato pancake - Pancakes da aka dafa da ɗanɗano ko dankali * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Rösti - Abincin dankali na Switzerland * Samosa - Abincin da aka dafa da zurfi / juyawa * Spanish omelette - Abincin gargajiya na kwai da dankali == Ta hanyar nau'i == === Salad === * Caprese - Saladi na Italiya * Chef's salad - Saladi na Amurka * Coleslaw - Salad wanda ya kunshi da farko da aka raba da kyau * Greek salad - Salad na tumatir, cucumbers, da feta * Israeli salad - Saladi na kayan lambu da aka yi a Isra'ila * Pecel - Abincin kayan lambu na Indonesiya * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Salade niçoise - Saladi na Faransanci tare da anchovies ko tuna * Tabbouleh - Abincin Levantine na parsley da bulgur === Miya === * Borscht - Sopo mai zaki na Gabashin Turai * Corn chowder - Sopo na masara mai laushi daga Amurka * French onion soup - Soup na albasa da kaya * Gazpacho - Abincin sanyi na Mutanen Espanya * Kesäkeitto - Sopo na gargajiya na Finnish * Minestrone - Sopo mai zurfi na asalin Italiya * Spinach soup - Soup da aka shirya ta amfani da spinach * Tomato soup - Soup da aka yi da tumatir * Vichyssoise - Irin sopo == Ta hanyar ƙasa == === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === [[Fayil:Eggplant-&-Tomato-(Bhurta)-optimized.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Shuka da tumatir bhurta]] [[Fayil:Gobi_manchurian.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Gobi Manchu wani abincin abinci ne na [[Indiya]] da aka dafa a kasar Sin wanda ake yawan cinyewa a Indiya.]] * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Aavakaaya - Nau'o'in pickles da aka shirya ta amfani da mangoShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bharvan mirch - Abincin da ya haɗa da cika ramuka na belin da sauran abinci * Bhurta - Haɗin kayan lambu da aka dafa * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Gobi manchurian - Abincin da aka dafa da kyau a cikin abincin Indo-ChineseShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Kosambari - Saladi mai rabuwa da aka raba * Mattar paneer - Cuku da abincin wake na IndiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Pakora - Mai dafa abinci mai ɗanɗano wanda ya samo asali ne daga yankin Indiya * Poriyal - Farin Ciki na Tamil * Sambar (dish) - Saki na Lentil * Sarson da saag - Abincin Kudancin AsiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Tamate ka kut - Abincin tumatir na Indiya * Theeyal - Kudancin Indiya da aka gasa * Thoran - Abincin kayan lambu na Indiya * Undhiyu - Abincin kayan lambu na Gujarati<ref name="Parida2003">{{cite book|author = Laxmi Parida | title = Purba: Feasts from the East: Oriya Cuisine from Eastern India | year = 2003 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-26749-1 | pages=191}}</ref> === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Baingan - Nau'in shuke-shukeShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bhindi - Nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu cin abinciShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Saag - Abincin kayan lambu mai laushi daga yankin Indiya == Duba kuma == * Jerin abinci * Jerin salatin * Jerin kayan abinci na squash da pumpkin * Jerin kayan lambu * Abincin kayan lambu * Burger na kayan lambu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.pdfmx.com/the-complete-vegetarian-cookbook-pdf-free/ Cikakken Littafin Abinci na Abincin PDF] * {{Commons category-inline|Vegetable-based food}} dujoekv2dfi6e3s5f0afbbpahfk89ss 890211 890210 2026-08-01T15:23:31Z Alubaki 30448 890211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ratatouille.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ratatouille abinci ne na gargajiya na Faransanci wanda aka dafa shi a Nice.]] Wannan '''jerin kayan lambu''' ne, gami da kayan lambu wanda babban sinadaran, ko ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran mahimmanci, kayan lambu ce. A cikin sharuddan abinci, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]] shuka ce mai cin abinci ko ɓangaren shuka da aka nufa don dafa abinci ko don amfani da shi.<ref name="iarc">{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiKjvAzzwFYC&pg=PA |title=Fruits And Vegetables |isbn=9283230086|publisher=IARC |author1=Vainio, Harri |author2=Bianchini, Franca |name-list-style=amp|year=2003 |page=2}}</ref> Ana samun kayan lambu da yawa a duk faɗin duniya. == Abincin kayan lambu ==    [[Fayil:Pasta_peperoni_cruschi.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[peperoni cruschi]]">Pasta con da peperoni cruschi, abincin pasta na Italiyanci tare da busassun albasa da aka sani da peperoni crischi]] [[Fayil:Salad_platter02_crop.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Saladi na lambu tare da lettuce, tumatir da aka bushe da rana, tumatir cherry, beets, cucumber da cuku fetaCuku da aka yi]] [[Fayil:Goma-ae_salad.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Goma-ae abinci ne na Japan. An yi shi da kayan lambu da kayan ado na [[Riɗi|sesame]].]] [[Fayil:Flickr_-_cyclonebill_-_Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tabbouleh abinci ne na kayan lambu na Levantine (wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Saladi) wanda aka yi da bulgur, tumatir, parsley da aka yanka sosai, [[Na'a-Na'a|mint]], da albasa, kuma an dafa shi da [[Man zaitun]], ruwan lemun tsami, da gishiri.]] [[Fayil:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Vichyssoise babban [[Miya|sopo]] ne da aka yi da [[Albasa mai kara|leeks]], [[albasa]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], cream, da Kayan kaza.]]   [[File:Pasta peperoni cruschi.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Pasta con i peperoni cruschi]], an [[Italian cuisine|Italian]] pasta dish with dried peppers known as [[peperoni cruschi]]]] [[File:Salad platter02 crop.jpg|thumb|200px|A [[garden salad]] with [[lettuce]], [[sun-dried tomato]]es, [[cherry tomato]]es, [[beet]]s, [[cucumber]] and [[feta cheese]]]] [[File:Goma-ae salad.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Goma-ae]] is a [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]] [[side dish]]. It is made with vegetables and [[sesame]] dressing.]] [[File:Flickr - cyclonebill - Tabbouleh.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Tabbouleh]] is a [[Levantine cuisine|Levantine]] [[Vegetarian cuisine|vegetarian]] dish (sometimes considered a [[salad]]) traditionally made of [[bulgur]], tomatoes, finely chopped [[parsley]], [[Mentha|mint]], and [[Scallion|onion]], and seasoned with [[olive oil]], [[lemon juice]], and salt.<ref>Sami Zubaida, "National, Communal and Global Dimensions in Middle Eastern Food Cultures" in [[Sami Zubaida]] and [[Richard Tapper]], ''A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East'', London and New York, 1994 and 2000, {{ISBN|1-86064-603-4}}, p. 35, 37; [[Claudia Roden]], ''A Book of Middle Eastern Food'', p. 86; [[Anissa Helou]], ''[[Oxford Companion to Food]]'', ''s.v.'' Lebanon and Syria; Maan Z. Madina, ''Arabic-English Dictionary of the Modern Literary Language'', 1973, ''s.v.'' تبل</ref><ref>''[[Oxford Companion to Food]]'', ''s.v.'' tabbouleh</ref><ref>Julia Al Arab - [http://julienjulia.blogspot.com/2014/04/tabbouleh-endive-boats.html Tabbouleh in Endive Boats recipe]</ref>]] [[File:Vichyssoise.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Vichyssoise]] is a thick [[soup]] made of [[purée]]d [[leek (vegetable)|leeks]], [[onion]]s, [[potato]]es, [[cream]], and [[chicken stock]].]] {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{annotated link|Ants on a log}} * {{annotated link|Ciambotta}} * {{annotated link|Chile relleno}} * {{annotated link|Collard liquor}} * {{annotated link|Confit byaldi}} * {{annotated link|Crudités}} * {{annotated link|Ema datshi}} * {{annotated link|Főzelék}} * {{annotated link|Fried cauliflower}} * {{annotated link|Ghormeh sabzi}} * {{annotated link|Goma-ae}} * {{annotated link|Green bean casserole}} * {{annotated link|Guacamole}} * {{annotated link|Jalapeño popper}} * {{annotated link|Kimchi}} * {{annotated link|Kuluban}} * {{annotated link|Lecsó}} * {{annotated link|Lettuce sandwich}} * {{annotated link|Mashed pumpkin}} * {{annotated link|Mish-mash (food)|Mish-mash}} * {{annotated link|Onion ring}} * {{annotated link|Pao cai}} * {{annotated link|Pasta con i peperoni cruschi}} * {{annotated link|Pasta primavera}} * {{annotated link|Pickled cucumber}} * {{annotated link|Pico de gallo}} * {{annotated link|Piperade}} * {{annotated link|Plecing kangkung}} * {{annotated link|Ratatouille}} * {{annotated link|Sambar (dish)|Sambar}} * {{annotated link|Sauerkraut}} * {{annotated link|Stuffed peppers}} * {{annotated link|Stuffed zucchini}} * {{annotated link|Succotash}} * {{annotated link|Sweet potato pie}} * {{annotated link|Sweet sour and spicy vegetable gravy}} * {{annotated link|Turnip cake}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable chips}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable sandwich}} * {{annotated link|Vegetable soup}} * {{annotated link|Stew|Vegetable stew}} {{div col end}} == Ta hanyar babban sinadarin == === Kayan abinci na kwai === [[Fayil:Azerbaijani_Badımcan_dolması_1.JPG|thumb|200x200px|[[Shuka mai laushi]]]] * Baba ghanoush - Abincin Levantine na kwai da aka dafa * Caponata - Abincin kwai na Sicilian * Fried eggplant - Abincin kwai * Moussaka - Abincin kayan lambu, sauce da nama * Parmigiana - Abincin Italiyanci na kwai tare da cuku da sauce na tumatir * Stuffed eggplant - Abincin kwai === Abincin legume === * Baked beans - Beans da aka dafa a cikin sauce * Bean salad - Saladi mai sanyi na yau da kullun wanda ya ƙunshi wake daban-daban da aka dafa ko kuma mai laushi * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Edamame - Yankin soya da ba a manyanta ba wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman abinci na musamman * Falafel - Abincin wake da aka dafa a Gabas ta Tsakiya * Green bean casserole - Abincin Amurka daga shekarun 1950 * Hummus - Abincin chickpea na Gabas ta Tsakiya * Pea soup - Soup da aka yi da busassun wake * Refried beans - Abincin Mexico na wake da aka dafa * Chilli mai cin ganyayyaki === Abincin dankali === * Baked potato - Abincin dankali * French fries - Yankin dankalin turawa da aka dafa sosai * Knödel - Babban zagaye da aka yi da dankali ko burodi, wanda aka yi ba tare da yisti ba * Mashed potato - Abincin dankali * Patatas bravas - Abincin dankali na Mutanen Espanya * Potato chip - Dankali da aka yanka, an dafa shi sosai ko kuma an dafa shiShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Potato doughnut - Abincin da ke da ɗanɗano, wanda aka samo daga dankali * Potato pancake - Pancakes da aka dafa da ɗanɗano ko dankali * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Rösti - Abincin dankali na Switzerland * Samosa - Abincin da aka dafa da zurfi / juyawa * Spanish omelette - Abincin gargajiya na kwai da dankali == Ta hanyar nau'i == === Salad === * Caprese - Saladi na Italiya * Chef's salad - Saladi na Amurka * Coleslaw - Salad wanda ya kunshi da farko da aka raba da kyau * Greek salad - Salad na tumatir, cucumbers, da feta * Israeli salad - Saladi na kayan lambu da aka yi a Isra'ila * Pecel - Abincin kayan lambu na Indonesiya * Potato salad - Salad da aka yi da dankali da aka dafa * Salade niçoise - Saladi na Faransanci tare da anchovies ko tuna * Tabbouleh - Abincin Levantine na parsley da bulgur === Miya === * Borscht - Sopo mai zaki na Gabashin Turai * Corn chowder - Sopo na masara mai laushi daga Amurka * French onion soup - Soup na albasa da kaya * Gazpacho - Abincin sanyi na Mutanen Espanya * Kesäkeitto - Sopo na gargajiya na Finnish * Minestrone - Sopo mai zurfi na asalin Italiya * Spinach soup - Soup da aka shirya ta amfani da spinach * Tomato soup - Soup da aka yi da tumatir * Vichyssoise - Irin sopo == Ta hanyar ƙasa == === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === [[Fayil:Eggplant-&-Tomato-(Bhurta)-optimized.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Shuka da tumatir bhurta]] [[Fayil:Gobi_manchurian.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Gobi Manchu wani abincin abinci ne na [[Indiya]] da aka dafa a kasar Sin wanda ake yawan cinyewa a Indiya.]] * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Aavakaaya - Nau'o'in pickles da aka shirya ta amfani da mangoShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bharvan mirch - Abincin da ya haɗa da cika ramuka na belin da sauran abinci * Bhurta - Haɗin kayan lambu da aka dafa * Dal - Kashewa, rarraba pulses da aka yi amfani da shi don dafa abinci * Gobi manchurian - Abincin da aka dafa da kyau a cikin abincin Indo-ChineseShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Kosambari - Saladi mai rabuwa da aka raba * Mattar paneer - Cuku da abincin wake na IndiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Pakora - Mai dafa abinci mai ɗanɗano wanda ya samo asali ne daga yankin Indiya * Poriyal - Farin Ciki na Tamil * Sambar (dish) - Saki na Lentil * Sarson da saag - Abincin Kudancin AsiyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Tamate ka kut - Abincin tumatir na Indiya * Theeyal - Kudancin Indiya da aka gasa * Thoran - Abincin kayan lambu na Indiya * Undhiyu - Abincin kayan lambu na Gujarati<ref name="Parida2003">{{cite book|author = Laxmi Parida | title = Purba: Feasts from the East: Oriya Cuisine from Eastern India | year = 2003 | publisher=iUniverse | isbn=978-0-595-26749-1 | pages=191}}</ref> === Abincin kayan lambu na Pakistan === * Aloo gobi - Abincin curry tare da cauliflower da dankaliShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Baingan - Nau'in shuke-shukeShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Bhindi - Nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu cin abinciShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi * Saag - Abincin kayan lambu mai laushi daga yankin Indiya == Duba kuma == * Jerin abinci * Jerin salatin * Jerin kayan abinci na squash da pumpkin * Jerin kayan lambu * Abincin kayan lambu * Burger na kayan lambu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.pdfmx.com/the-complete-vegetarian-cookbook-pdf-free/ Cikakken Littafin Abinci na Abincin PDF] * {{Commons category-inline|Vegetable-based food}} 216es56q12cslxxdoh1ffxu6n5copzd 0 162656 890236 2026-08-01T17:40:11Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Tamaje unguwar ce dake karmar hukumar sokoto south, jama'a wannan yankin muslimi da kirista, wannan unguwar tana da yawan kabilu kalala a wannan har takai,suna da Kashi 2 na yawan jama'a wannan yankin,se dai wannan unguwar asalin garin mutane hausawa ne, Mafi yawan jama'a wannan unguwa Yan Boko ne da yan kasuwa, wannan yana da yawan masauki Baki (hotel). 890236 wikitext text/x-wiki Tamaje unguwar ce dake karmar hukumar sokoto south, jama'a wannan yankin muslimi da kirista, wannan unguwar tana da yawan kabilu kalala a wannan har takai,suna da Kashi 2 na yawan jama'a wannan yankin,se dai wannan unguwar asalin garin mutane hausawa ne, Mafi yawan jama'a wannan unguwa Yan Boko ne da yan kasuwa, wannan yana da yawan masauki Baki (hotel). t7165y95rbqhw0hsbiru6fag5mjtyni 890328 890236 2026-08-01T21:30:41Z Baffa ali 47435 890328 wikitext text/x-wiki Tamaje unguwar ce dake karmar hukumar sokoto south, jama'a wannan yankin musulmai ne da kirista, wannan unguwar tana da yawan kabilu kalala a wannan har takai,suna da Kashi 2 na yawan jama'a wannan yankin,se dai wannan unguwar asalin garin mutanen hausawa ne, Mafi yawan jama'a wannan unguwar Yan Boko ne da yan kasuwa, wannan yana da yawan masauki Baki (hotel). g4tgs3vd2gq61noanaeijtcpg255c8d 0 162657 890238 2026-08-01T17:47:56Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Alu TV gidan television ne Wanda ba Malaki gwanati ba, wannan gidan television ne,Wanda Malaki tsohon gwnana sokoto Aliyu magatakarda wamako ne, wannan gidan television Yana a cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar sokoto south dake cikin birni sokoto, wannan gidan television Yana watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar.wannan gidan television Yana opposite dogondaji house.wannan gidan television a Gina shi sama ga shekara goma da suka gabata.wannan gidan television ya Samar da mutane d... 890238 wikitext text/x-wiki Alu TV gidan television ne Wanda ba Malaki gwanati ba, wannan gidan television ne,Wanda Malaki tsohon gwnana sokoto Aliyu magatakarda wamako ne, wannan gidan television Yana a cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar sokoto south dake cikin birni sokoto, wannan gidan television Yana watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar.wannan gidan television Yana opposite dogondaji house.wannan gidan television a Gina shi sama ga shekara goma da suka gabata.wannan gidan television ya Samar da mutane dadama Aikin yi. hzgp4c0tc8a0ekdum2dbd8djs7gwayt 890297 890238 2026-08-01T20:50:06Z Baffa ali 47435 890297 wikitext text/x-wiki Alu TV gidan television ne Wanda ba Malakin gwanati ba, wannan gidan television ne,Wanda Malaki tsohon gwnana sokoto Aliyu magatakarda wamako ne, wannan gidan television Yana a cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar sokoto south dake cikin birni sokoto, wannan gidan television Yana watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar.wannan gidan television Yana opposite dogondaji house.wannan gidan television a Gina shi sama ga shekara goma da suka gabata.wannan gidan television ya Samar da mutane dadama Aikin yi. l2cxc0lexe62ju3hfouoc91luoolkw0 890298 890297 2026-08-01T20:56:48Z Baffa ali 47435 890298 wikitext text/x-wiki Alu TV gidan television ne Wanda ba Malakin gwanati ba, wannan gidan television ne, wanda yake Malakin tsohuwar gwamnatin sokoto Aliyu magatakarda wamako ne, wannan gidan television Yana a cikin birni sokoto,a karkara hukumar sokoto dake cikin birni sokoto, wannan gidan television Yana watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar.wannan gidan television Yana dogondaji house.wannan gidan television a Gina shi sama ga shekara goma da suka gabata.wannan gidan television ya Samar da mutane dadama Aikin yi. tcgn78fx73zic13cl7r2f8vd75rvi3g 890300 890298 2026-08-01T20:57:51Z Baffa ali 47435 890300 wikitext text/x-wiki Alu TV gidan television ne Wanda ba Malakin gwanati ba, wannan gidan television ne, wanda yake Malakin tsohuwar gwamnatin sokoto Aliyu magatakarda wamako ne, wannan gidan television Yana a cikin birnin sokoto,a karkara hukumar sokoto dake cikin birni sokoto, wannan gidan television Yana watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar.wannan gidan television Yana dogondaji house.wannan gidan television a Gina shi sama ga shekara goma da suka gabata.wannan gidan television ya Samar da mutane dadama Aikin yi. 1v71iv1bzmg41mcz1d6x4b95su2cfx8 890301 890300 2026-08-01T21:04:42Z Baffa ali 47435 890301 wikitext text/x-wiki Alu TV gidan television ne Wanda ba Malakin gwanati ba, wannan gidan television ne, wanda yake Malakin tsohuwar gwamnatin sokoto Aliyu magatakarda wamako ne, wannan gidan television Yana a cikin birnin sokoto,a karkara hukumar sokoto dake cikin birnin sokoto, wannan gidan television Yana watsa labarai cikin birni da karkara (kauyen) jahar.wannan gidan television Yana dogondaji gida.wannan gidan television an Gina shi sama da shekara goma da suka gabata.wannan gidan television ya Samar wa da mutane dadama Aikin yi. rqwgrw10vpkj5s0nbgs31t83l1f9zzb 0 162658 890240 2026-08-01T17:57:31Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Rima television gidan television Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto, wannan gidan television an Gina shi tun a shekara 2003 a lokaci Mulki tsohon gwnana sokoto Alh Attahiru Dalhatu bafarawa,wannan gidan television Yana da sama da shekara Ashirin,Yana a unguwar gawo nama,sama titin birni kebbi, gidan television ne da yake watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar sokoto 890240 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima television gidan television Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto, wannan gidan television an Gina shi tun a shekara 2003 a lokaci Mulki tsohon gwnana sokoto Alh Attahiru Dalhatu bafarawa,wannan gidan television Yana da sama da shekara Ashirin,Yana a unguwar gawo nama,sama titin birni kebbi, gidan television ne da yake watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar sokoto 9abge4b5u6rc99swao2xf5i6pci0r3z 890289 890240 2026-08-01T20:28:56Z Baffa ali 47435 890289 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima television gidan television ne Mallakin gwamnatin jahar sokoto, wannan gidan television an Gina shi tun a shekara 2003 a lokaci Mulki tsohon gwnana sokoto Alh Attahiru Dalhatu bafarawa,wannan gidan television Yana da sama da shekara Ashirin,Yana a unguwar gawo nama,sama titin birni kebbi, gidan television ne da yake watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar sokoto 9kcpovyd929gptrb1mxpi5fk7oyspwe 890291 890289 2026-08-01T20:31:49Z Baffa ali 47435 890291 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima television gidan television ne Mallakin gwamnatin jahar sokoto, wannan gidan television an Gina shi tun a shekara 2003 a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnati sokoto Alh Attahiru Dalhatu bafarawa,wannan gidan television Yana da sama da shekara Ashirin,Yana a unguwar gawo nama,sama titin birni kebbi, gidan television ne da yake watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar sokoto qtfkizosbvmb8gmgsb9lvwrjqrucdxy 890292 890291 2026-08-01T20:33:41Z Baffa ali 47435 890292 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima television gidan television ne Mallakin gwamnatin jahar sokoto, wannan gidan television an Gina shi tun a shekara 2003 a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnati sokoto Alh Attahiru Dalhatu bafarawa,wannan gidan television akalla Yana da sama da shekara Ashirin,Yana a unguwar gawo nama,sama titin birni kebbi, gidan television ne da yake watsa labarai ciki da wajen jahar sokoto 9bfky4rxyiplr6w27ahxgo3dtchqvkw 890294 890292 2026-08-01T20:38:08Z Baffa ali 47435 890294 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima television gidan television ne Mallakin gwamnatin jahar sokoto, wannan gidan television an Gina shi tun a shekara 2003 a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnati sokoto Alh Attahiru Dalhatu bafarawa,wannan gidan television akalla Yana da sama da shekara Ashirin,Yana a unguwar gawo nama,sama titin birni kebbi, gidan television din ne yake watsa labarai cikin birni da karkara (kauye) dake jahar sokoto. t78u0vnq6zaoo65x46k5fmj6paguacg 0 162659 890242 2026-08-01T18:07:36Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wada a ginata a lokaci Mulki tsohon gwnana barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashe tsohon shekara kusan goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. 890242 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wada a ginata a lokaci Mulki tsohon gwnana barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashe tsohon shekara kusan goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. c25gebbljhejsb7vj6b5lx0kr45r8ht 890267 890242 2026-08-01T20:00:59Z Baffa ali 47435 890267 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda a ginata a lokaci Mulki tsohon gwnana barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashe tsohon shekara kusan goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. a0p0lq46ob711ag2eaczclant6i0hts 890270 890267 2026-08-01T20:02:32Z Baffa ali 47435 890270 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokaci Mulki tsohon gwnana barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashe tsohon shekara kusan goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. iwvqhun1001uerb8kwh21tpa5vf6cd5 890273 890270 2026-08-01T20:05:15Z Baffa ali 47435 890273 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulki tsohon gwnana barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashe tsohon shekara goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. jvl5xpjjd93s2yy89kbajd201f5tl8p 890274 890273 2026-08-01T20:07:08Z Baffa ali 47435 890274 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulkin tsohon gwnana barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashe tsohon shekara goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. lfdn1rour1pubti5d88vp1kf8cojtgn 890277 890274 2026-08-01T20:08:29Z Baffa ali 47435 890277 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwnana barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashe tsohon shekara goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. ja6u9stkhzn44mjv0x5ccevoi7yvadk 890278 890277 2026-08-01T20:09:34Z Baffa ali 47435 890278 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnatin barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashe tsohon shekara goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. 0xxk68euwgy88v2y6ay8sh0tj8l9a3y 890279 890278 2026-08-01T20:15:10Z Baffa ali 47435 890279 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnatin barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashi tsawon shekara goma da kafuwa,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. puhvoy9j5bgx4qgzril28oq7m7b5ptd 890280 890279 2026-08-01T20:16:25Z Baffa ali 47435 890280 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnatin barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashi tsawon shekara goma da kafuwar sa ,ya watsa labarai ciki birni sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. fqytz4mdhbwz8qdgeybvii7zkl0khlp 890281 890280 2026-08-01T20:18:03Z Baffa ali 47435 890281 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnatin barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashi tsawon shekara goma da kafuwar sa ,ya watsa labarai cikin birnin sokoto,da wasu sasan jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. 2tlruza8hkk95kk0v7cct5q272ox2gk 890284 890281 2026-08-01T20:21:47Z Baffa ali 47435 890284 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnatin barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashi tsawon shekara goma da kafuwar sa ,ya watsa labarai cikin birnin sokoto,da wasu sassan gurare dake acikin jahar sokoto, dukan wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawa rima radio sokoto. 9ykxqihw3b2zb05fh3etve401kv5ax4 890287 890284 2026-08-01T20:25:00Z Baffa ali 47435 890287 wikitext text/x-wiki Rima FM sokoto, FM ce dake Malaki gwanati jahar sokoto,wadda aka ginata a lokacin Mulkin tsohuwar gwamnatin barista Aminu waziri tambuwal, wannan rima FM,tana cikin birni sokoto,a shiryar gawo nama Dake cikin birni sokoto,a karmar hukumar Mulki wamako local government.wannan gidan radio na FM ya kwashi tsawon shekara goma da kafuwar sa ,ya watsa labarai cikin birnin sokoto,da wasu sassan gurare dake acikin jahar sokoto, shi dai wannan gida radio Yana karkashin kulawar rima radio sokoto. s1csijepn3d0ux1xplgn10xmeduby2k 3 162660 890305 2026-08-01T21:23:18Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890305 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Memphiswillbelaidtowaste! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Memphiswillbelaidtowaste|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) cu2rc7sqsesjw5578tvgsknlopsvedq 3 162661 890306 2026-08-01T21:23:28Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890306 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Santiago1337! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Santiago1337|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) r1l45220f2imnjd5tqj0upx34fa3xus 3 162662 890307 2026-08-01T21:23:38Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890307 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 12318School! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/12318School|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) jg8k79xyho2x5zv0ataz58k1lsgqtgo 3 162663 890308 2026-08-01T21:23:48Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890308 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Beaufix! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Beaufix|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) rd0rd9jqr76bph689a4l9shhoa82thz 3 162664 890309 2026-08-01T21:23:58Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890309 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dhas kthkp! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dhas kthkp|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) niwuwtztixmfhnp3him0k3wlaum525k 3 162665 890311 2026-08-01T21:24:08Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890311 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bosnian Beaver! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bosnian Beaver|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) q2jt4fkirc58zuk88rzj0co0dn8yjmc 3 162666 890312 2026-08-01T21:24:18Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890312 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sabah Azman Nahean! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sabah Azman Nahean|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) d2xia92s8rw3wqseb9jw7qnmfm2mx4z 3 162667 890313 2026-08-01T21:24:28Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890313 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bozhyemoi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bozhyemoi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) g2gov83dfcfw99l7dmrycdt8cylm8d5 3 162668 890314 2026-08-01T21:24:38Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890314 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ibrahiminusa22! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ibrahiminusa22|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) e3k5e5ytdxh686lkyekb1decv8033zj 3 162669 890315 2026-08-01T21:24:48Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890315 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Djrezdanarewa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Djrezdanarewa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) en4cknwk3v9t19w4h485350vy3zrzjk 3 162670 890316 2026-08-01T21:24:58Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890316 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yusufkabiru12! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yusufkabiru12|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 88qtl2gh7aidlsehdksdzl6jn120zc2 3 162671 890317 2026-08-01T21:25:08Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890317 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Wmbata! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Wmbata|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) f9imlxfug17ew7g4zo2rddo8m2tgdgg 3 162672 890318 2026-08-01T21:25:18Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890318 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, RandomAnonYouth! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/RandomAnonYouth|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) au75c8vfray9lum6ii99sg30jv11c5n 3 162673 890319 2026-08-01T21:25:28Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890319 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AnSahyan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AnSahyan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) mv6o5p1qv0eo491a2xoxd30zq1xzkqe 3 162674 890320 2026-08-01T21:25:38Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890320 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, श्याम सुन्दर पटेल! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/श्याम सुन्दर पटेल|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) tpnchmo324dkue0ihsu2cpprxmya01k 3 162675 890321 2026-08-01T21:25:48Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890321 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Vice President of Guinea! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Vice President of Guinea|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) nozs4onts1kzjjo8jlnx2rqn90f7iw0 3 162676 890322 2026-08-01T21:25:58Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890322 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mravljinčar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mravljinčar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) cvnvotol8mvxomnivfwn7vvkqg1c98l 3 162677 890323 2026-08-01T21:26:08Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890323 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ZionistischeSauterParamilitar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ZionistischeSauterParamilitar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) m2whobmsfcy8scw5s71mxfxlju12aje 890331 890323 2026-08-01T21:42:54Z Baffa ali 47435 890331 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ZionistischeSauterParamilitar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ZionistischeSauterParamilitar|gudummawarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummawa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) ffhe8vhoane8ds0lmib0zrweimm98ot 3 162678 890324 2026-08-01T21:26:18Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890324 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Galaxybeing! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Galaxybeing|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 6f1bsitpr4rziioxdcelrcb224anozr 890330 890324 2026-08-01T21:39:05Z Baffa ali 47435 890330 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Galaxybeing! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Galaxybeing|gudummawarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummawa. 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[[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) mu3i5wk67oakf7osrs0x5imjx5jm94q 3 162679 890325 2026-08-01T21:26:28Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 890325 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Поль Крол Злой Диктатор! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Поль Крол Злой Диктатор|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. 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[[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 5b8dw57b0prt6vc7uuf0h0f3zs6v74g 890329 890325 2026-08-01T21:35:54Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Barka da zuwa! */ 890329 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Поль Крол Злой Диктатор! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Поль Крол Злой Диктатор|gudummawarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummawa. 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[[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 66eh6slbnb8yzyjggufprxif3ccgoaa 0 162680 890403 2026-08-02T05:19:26Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365708825|Lindsey Vonn]]" 890403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008, 2009, 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] 0fw5qmcv68v2wot543jvfrx0luicn4h 890405 890403 2026-08-02T05:20:29Z Abusule dankofa 24259 890405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008, 2009, 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ===manazarta=== 6oaxerevfrptibpkdfhr76jnsajfyzg 890426 890405 2026-08-02T06:22:08Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* manazarta */ 890426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008, 2009, 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ===Manazarta=== fxe7blg16v6nooj2s3ljz0x3perpt6d 890428 890426 2026-08-02T06:24:11Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 890428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008, 2009, 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ===Manazarta=== e1o58zgd8v15eitpt4j6c4379tokkkl 890430 890428 2026-08-02T06:25:25Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 890430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008, 2009, 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ===Manazarta=== h294c6ph5u9e7lqthlzo4c9s0pfb427 890431 890430 2026-08-02T06:26:19Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Manazarta */ 890431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008, 2009, 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ===Manazarta== s8evnqyyqtcwlp0omd0c1iwbd40guc6 890432 890431 2026-08-02T06:26:37Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* =Manazarta */ 890432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008, 2009, 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== shw4w8wdskkznjhjbham0tgrga4nw91 890458 890432 2026-08-02T07:29:33Z Baffa ali 47435 890458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu(4) a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008, 2009, 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== szitacj2pmmyi4ueyb0ei7ydejc9j5u 890459 890458 2026-08-02T07:32:01Z Baffa ali 47435 890459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu(4) a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008 da 2009 da 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (2008–2013, 2015, 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin kofin duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== h6cxfz8tdgqk6jps1qhfg6x2fzejquz 890462 890459 2026-08-02T07:36:02Z Baffa ali 47435 890462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu(4) a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008 da 2009 da 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (daga 2008 da 2013 da 2015 harzuwa 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (2009–2012, 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008, 2014, da 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|link=Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio" /> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". === manazarta === <references /> duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== fiq2u9ku9m2yay2clvqrb2r691hsgb6 890463 890462 2026-08-02T07:38:15Z Baffa ali 47435 890463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu(4) a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008 da 2009 da 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (daga 2008 da 2013 da 2015 harzuwa 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (daga 2009 da 2012 harzuwa 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (2010–2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008, 2014, da 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|link=Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio" /> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". === manazarta === <references /> duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== nt1x5iip63oopv56kbfihytcvg65y7q 890464 890463 2026-08-02T07:40:21Z Baffa ali 47435 890464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu(4) a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008 da 2009 da 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (daga 2008 da 2013 da 2015 harzuwa 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (daga 2009 da 2012 harzuwa 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (daga 2010 harzuwa 2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008, 2014, da 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|link=Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio" /> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". === manazarta === <references /> duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== pnlbhh3ueith78t2ak05y46p4chd74d 890465 890464 2026-08-02T07:41:45Z Baffa ali 47435 890465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu(4) a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008 da 2009 da 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (daga 2008 da 2013 da 2015 harzuwa 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (daga 2009 da 2012 harzuwa 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (daga 2010 harzuwa 2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 harzuwa 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008, 2014, da 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|link=Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio" /> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". === manazarta === <references /> duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== mtwf5qkqb854xttu19sc85iwxzsk6cj 890467 890465 2026-08-02T07:43:58Z Baffa ali 47435 890467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu(4) a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008 da 2009 da 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (daga 2008 da 2013 da 2015 harzuwa 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (daga 2009 da 2012 harzuwa 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (daga 2010 harzuwa 2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 harzuwa 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008 da 2014 harzuwa 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|link=Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio" /> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". === manazarta === <references /> duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026}}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== s7s4dmp89rapom1nz296srz47zq46nq 0 162681 890406 2026-08-02T05:23:21Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367237354|Lindsey Buckingham]]" 890406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lindsey Adams Buckingham''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1949) mawakiyar Amurka ce, mai shirya rikodin, kuma babbar mai kida kuma mawaƙiyar ƙungiyar mawakan rock Fleetwood Mac daga 1975 zuwa 1987 da 1997 zuwa 2018. Baya ga aikinsa da Fleetwood Mac, Buckingham ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda bakwai na studio guda ɗaya da kuma kundin waƙoƙi guda uku kai tsaye. A matsayinsa na memba na Fleetwood Mac, an shigar da shi cikin Dandalin Shahararrun Dutse da Roll a shekarar 1998. An sanya Buckingham a matsayi na 100 a cikin jerin "Mafi kyawun Masu Gitar 100 a Duk Lokaci" na ''Rolling Stone'' {{'}} 2011. An san Buckingham da salon guitar ɗinsa na tsintar yatsa . Buckingham ya shiga Fleetwood Mac a shekarar 1975, inda ya maye gurbin Bob Welch, kuma ya shawo kan ƙungiyar ta ɗauki abokin aikinsa na kiɗa (kuma a lokacin, soyayya) Stevie Nicks . Buckingham da Nicks sun zama fitattun membobin Fleetwood Mac a lokacin da ya fi samun nasara a kasuwanci, wanda kundin studio mai suna Rumours (1977) ya haskaka, wanda ya sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 40 a duk duniya. Duk da cewa ƙungiyar ta yi nasara sosai, amma ta fuskanci kusan rikice-rikicen kirkire-kirkire da na sirri akai-akai, kuma Buckingham ya bar ƙungiyar a shekarar 1987 don mai da hankali kan aikinsa na kaɗaici. Waƙoƙin da Buckingham ya rubuta kuma ya rera tare da Fleetwood Mac sun haɗa da " Go Your Own Way ", " Never Going Back Again ", " Tusk ", da kuma " Big Love ". Wani taron sake haduwa na lokaci guda a bikin rantsar da Shugaba Bill Clinton a shekarar 1993 ya haifar da kusanci tsakanin tsoffin membobin kungiyar, inda Buckingham ya rera wasu waƙoƙi a waƙa ɗaya ta kundin waƙoƙin su na studio na 1995 ''Time'', sannan ya sake shiga ƙungiyar a cikakken lokaci a shekarar 1997 don yawon shakatawa kai tsaye da kundin waƙoƙin ''The Dance'' . A shekarar 2018, an kori Buckingham daga Fleetwood Mac sannan aka maye gurbinsa da Mike Campbell da Neil Finn . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Adams Buckingham a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1949, a Palo Alto, California, ga Morris H. Buckingham da Rutheda, wanda aka haifa a matsayin Elliott. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morris Buckingham – Historical records and family trees |url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/morris_buckingham |website=Myheritage.com}}</ref> Morris H. Buckingham, wanda tauraron ƙwallon ƙafa ne a Kwalejin Jihar San Jose, a shekarar 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kamfanin Alexander-Ballert na San Francisco, mai samar da wake gasasshen kofi, kuma yana gudanar da wani kamfanin shayi a Daly City kusa da Palo Alto. Shahararren Alta Organic Coffee na California ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin samfuransa. <ref name="coffee">{{Cite web |title=Alta Coffee Philosophy and Story |url=https://www.altaorganiccoffee.com/ourstory#history |publisher=Alta Coffee Warehouse}}</ref> Buckingham yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Jeffrey da Gregory . Ya girma a yankin San Francisco Bay na Atherton, ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Menlo-Atherton inda aka ƙarfafa Buckingham da 'yan uwansa su yi iyo cikin gasa . Duk da cewa Buckingham ya daina wasannin motsa jiki don neman kiɗa, ɗan'uwansa Gregory ya ci gaba da lashe lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta 1968 a birnin Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swimming at the 1968 Mexico City Summer Games: Men's 200 metres Individual Medley |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/SWI/mens-200-metres-individual-medley.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165202/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/SWI/mens-200-metres-individual-medley.html |archive-date=April 17, 2020 |access-date=January 31, 2026 |website=Sports Reference}}</ref> Duk da cewa bai kammala karatunsa ba, Lindsey ya halarci Jami'ar Jihar San José, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mosness |first=Carissa |date=October 9, 2024 |title=What Really Happened Between Stevie Nicks and Lindsay Buckingham? A Deep Dive Into Their Relationship |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/really-happened-between-stevie-nicks-155047540.html |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=Yahoo Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> kamar ɗan'uwansa Greg da mahaifinsa Morris. Wasan farko da Buckingham ya yi a fannin buga gita ya faru ne a kan wani kayan wasan yara na Mickey Mouse, inda ya yi wa ɗan'uwansa Jeff tarin waƙoƙin 45s . Da suka lura da baiwar da yake da ita, iyayen Buckingham suka sayi ɗansu guitar mai darajar dala $35. <ref name="Lindsey">{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Martin E. |title=Lindsey Buckingham |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/lindsey.htm |website=Fleetwoodmac.net}}</ref> Daga baya Buckingham ya sayi na'urar rikodin Ampex mai waƙoƙi 4 ta amfani da wasu daga cikin [[Gado a Musulunci|gadon]] dala $12,000 da ya samu daga wata goggonsa. Buckingham bai taɓa ɗaukar darussan guitar ba kuma baya karanta kiɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fleetwood Mac • Lindsey Buckingham • The Band • The Music • The Legacy |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.org/lindsey-buckingham.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216011233/http://www.fleetwoodmac.org/lindsey-buckingham.php |archive-date=February 16, 2012 |access-date=February 29, 2012 |publisher=Fleetwoodmac.org}}</ref> Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 13, ya fara sha'awar kiɗan gargajiya kuma ya fara yin amfani da waƙoƙin guitar da banjo kamar waƙoƙin John Herald, Ian &amp;amp; Sylvia, da Kingston Trio . == Aikin kiɗa == Daga 1966 zuwa 1971, Buckingham ta yi wasan psychedelic da folk rock tare da ƙungiyar mawakan rock ta makarantar sakandare wacce aka fi sani da Fritz Rabyne Memorial Band a matsayin mai buga bass da mawaƙa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Martin E. |title=Javier Pacheco Question and Answer Session |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/javierpacheco_qa1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216151826/http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/javierpacheco_qa1.htm |archive-date=February 16, 2018 |access-date=March 7, 2018 |website=Fleetwoodmac.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Martin E. |title=Fritz |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/fritz.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105171454/http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/fritz.htm |archive-date=January 5, 2012 |website=Fleetwoodmac.net}}</ref> <ref name="Lindsey">{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Martin E. |title=Lindsey Buckingham |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/lindsey.htm |website=Fleetwoodmac.net}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAdelson">Adelson, Martin E. [http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/lindsey.htm "Lindsey Buckingham"]. ''Fleetwoodmac.net''.</cite></ref> Ƙungiyar ta sake haɗuwa a shekarar 1967 saboda canje-canjen membobin ƙungiyar kuma ta gajarta sunanta zuwa Fritz. Buckingham ta gayyaci ƙawarta [[Stevie Nicks]] da ta haɗu da Fritz a matsayin mawaƙiya mai goyon baya. Alaƙar soyayyarsu ta fara ne bayan sun bar Fritz shekaru biyar bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fritz |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/fritz.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991011235858/http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/fritz.htm |archive-date=October 11, 1999 |access-date=May 24, 2014 |website=The Penguin Biographies |publisher=Martin Adelson and Lisa Adelson}}</ref> === 1973–1974: Buckingham Nicks === Buckingham da budurwarsa Nicks a lokacin sun yi rikodin wasannin kwaikwayo guda bakwai a shekarar 1972 a kan wani na'urar rikodin Ampex mai tsawon inci 4 da aka ajiye a masana'antar gasa kofi ta mahaifinsa da ke Daly City, sannan suka tuka mota zuwa Los Angeles don neman kwangilar rikodi . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Blair |date=February 1, 2011 |title=Music: Lindsey Buckingham in Two Worlds |url=https://www.mixonline.com/recording/music-lindsey-buckingham-two-worlds-366253 |journal=[[Mix (magazine)|Mix]] |quote=When I was about 21 some relative I didn't even know left me something like $10,000, so one of the things I did with that money was go out and buy an old Ampex half-inch 4-track—like the kind they recorded ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band|Sgt. Pepper's]]'' on, I guess. At that time, my dad had this small coffee plant in Daly City [south of San Francisco]—they were coffee roasters—and at night I would go up there with Stevie, and a lot of times just by myself, and work on songs and demos.}}</ref> A shekarar 1973, Polydor Records ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar. An fitar da kundin waƙoƙin su na studio, wanda Keith Olsen da injiniya na biyu Richard Dashut suka shirya, ''Buckingham Nicks'', suka fitar a watan Satumbar 1973; duk da haka, jim kaɗan bayan fitowarsa, Polydor ya cire su biyun saboda rashin kyawun tallace-tallace. Domin taimakawa wajen biyan buƙatun rayuwa, Buckingham ya yi rangadin yawon buɗe ido tare da ƙungiyar mawakan Don Everly, suna rera waƙoƙin Phil Everly . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] oujaoi1exfl5heknr5m5rqiqxhpnlkw 890407 890406 2026-08-02T05:24:15Z Abusule dankofa 24259 890407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Adams Buckingham''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1949) mawakiyar Amurka ce, mai shirya rikodin, kuma babbar mai kida kuma mawaƙiyar ƙungiyar mawakan rock Fleetwood Mac daga 1975 zuwa 1987 da 1997 zuwa 2018. Baya ga aikinsa da Fleetwood Mac, Buckingham ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda bakwai na studio guda ɗaya da kuma kundin waƙoƙi guda uku kai tsaye. A matsayinsa na memba na Fleetwood Mac, an shigar da shi cikin Dandalin Shahararrun Dutse da Roll a shekarar 1998. An sanya Buckingham a matsayi na 100 a cikin jerin "Mafi kyawun Masu Gitar 100 a Duk Lokaci" na ''Rolling Stone'' {{'}} 2011. An san Buckingham da salon guitar ɗinsa na tsintar yatsa . Buckingham ya shiga Fleetwood Mac a shekarar 1975, inda ya maye gurbin Bob Welch, kuma ya shawo kan ƙungiyar ta ɗauki abokin aikinsa na kiɗa (kuma a lokacin, soyayya) Stevie Nicks . Buckingham da Nicks sun zama fitattun membobin Fleetwood Mac a lokacin da ya fi samun nasara a kasuwanci, wanda kundin studio mai suna Rumours (1977) ya haskaka, wanda ya sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 40 a duk duniya. Duk da cewa ƙungiyar ta yi nasara sosai, amma ta fuskanci kusan rikice-rikicen kirkire-kirkire da na sirri akai-akai, kuma Buckingham ya bar ƙungiyar a shekarar 1987 don mai da hankali kan aikinsa na kaɗaici. Waƙoƙin da Buckingham ya rubuta kuma ya rera tare da Fleetwood Mac sun haɗa da " Go Your Own Way ", " Never Going Back Again ", " Tusk ", da kuma " Big Love ". Wani taron sake haduwa na lokaci guda a bikin rantsar da Shugaba Bill Clinton a shekarar 1993 ya haifar da kusanci tsakanin tsoffin membobin kungiyar, inda Buckingham ya rera wasu waƙoƙi a waƙa ɗaya ta kundin waƙoƙin su na studio na 1995 ''Time'', sannan ya sake shiga ƙungiyar a cikakken lokaci a shekarar 1997 don yawon shakatawa kai tsaye da kundin waƙoƙin ''The Dance'' . A shekarar 2018, an kori Buckingham daga Fleetwood Mac sannan aka maye gurbinsa da Mike Campbell da Neil Finn . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Adams Buckingham a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1949, a Palo Alto, California, ga Morris H. Buckingham da Rutheda, wanda aka haifa a matsayin Elliott. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morris Buckingham – Historical records and family trees |url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/morris_buckingham |website=Myheritage.com}}</ref> Morris H. Buckingham, wanda tauraron ƙwallon ƙafa ne a Kwalejin Jihar San Jose, a shekarar 1963 ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kamfanin Alexander-Ballert na San Francisco, mai samar da wake gasasshen kofi, kuma yana gudanar da wani kamfanin shayi a Daly City kusa da Palo Alto. Shahararren Alta Organic Coffee na California ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin samfuransa. <ref name="coffee">{{Cite web |title=Alta Coffee Philosophy and Story |url=https://www.altaorganiccoffee.com/ourstory#history |publisher=Alta Coffee Warehouse}}</ref> Buckingham yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Jeffrey da Gregory . Ya girma a yankin San Francisco Bay na Atherton, ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Menlo-Atherton inda aka ƙarfafa Buckingham da 'yan uwansa su yi iyo cikin gasa . Duk da cewa Buckingham ya daina wasannin motsa jiki don neman kiɗa, ɗan'uwansa Gregory ya ci gaba da lashe lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta 1968 a birnin Mexico. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swimming at the 1968 Mexico City Summer Games: Men's 200 metres Individual Medley |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/SWI/mens-200-metres-individual-medley.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417165202/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/SWI/mens-200-metres-individual-medley.html |archive-date=April 17, 2020 |access-date=January 31, 2026 |website=Sports Reference}}</ref> Duk da cewa bai kammala karatunsa ba, Lindsey ya halarci Jami'ar Jihar San José, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mosness |first=Carissa |date=October 9, 2024 |title=What Really Happened Between Stevie Nicks and Lindsay Buckingham? A Deep Dive Into Their Relationship |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/really-happened-between-stevie-nicks-155047540.html |access-date=October 16, 2024 |website=Yahoo Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> kamar ɗan'uwansa Greg da mahaifinsa Morris. Wasan farko da Buckingham ya yi a fannin buga gita ya faru ne a kan wani kayan wasan yara na Mickey Mouse, inda ya yi wa ɗan'uwansa Jeff tarin waƙoƙin 45s . Da suka lura da baiwar da yake da ita, iyayen Buckingham suka sayi ɗansu guitar mai darajar dala $35. <ref name="Lindsey">{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Martin E. |title=Lindsey Buckingham |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/lindsey.htm |website=Fleetwoodmac.net}}</ref> Daga baya Buckingham ya sayi na'urar rikodin Ampex mai waƙoƙi 4 ta amfani da wasu daga cikin [[Gado a Musulunci|gadon]] dala $12,000 da ya samu daga wata goggonsa. Buckingham bai taɓa ɗaukar darussan guitar ba kuma baya karanta kiɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fleetwood Mac • Lindsey Buckingham • The Band • The Music • The Legacy |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.org/lindsey-buckingham.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216011233/http://www.fleetwoodmac.org/lindsey-buckingham.php |archive-date=February 16, 2012 |access-date=February 29, 2012 |publisher=Fleetwoodmac.org}}</ref> Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 13, ya fara sha'awar kiɗan gargajiya kuma ya fara yin amfani da waƙoƙin guitar da banjo kamar waƙoƙin John Herald, Ian &amp;amp; Sylvia, da Kingston Trio . == Aikin kiɗa == Daga 1966 zuwa 1971, Buckingham ta yi wasan psychedelic da folk rock tare da ƙungiyar mawakan rock ta makarantar sakandare wacce aka fi sani da Fritz Rabyne Memorial Band a matsayin mai buga bass da mawaƙa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Martin E. |title=Javier Pacheco Question and Answer Session |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/javierpacheco_qa1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216151826/http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/qa/javierpacheco_qa1.htm |archive-date=February 16, 2018 |access-date=March 7, 2018 |website=Fleetwoodmac.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Martin E. |title=Fritz |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/fritz.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105171454/http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/fritz.htm |archive-date=January 5, 2012 |website=Fleetwoodmac.net}}</ref> <ref name="Lindsey">{{Cite web |last=Adelson |first=Martin E. |title=Lindsey Buckingham |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/lindsey.htm |website=Fleetwoodmac.net}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAdelson">Adelson, Martin E. [http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/lindsey.htm "Lindsey Buckingham"]. ''Fleetwoodmac.net''.</cite></ref> Ƙungiyar ta sake haɗuwa a shekarar 1967 saboda canje-canjen membobin ƙungiyar kuma ta gajarta sunanta zuwa Fritz. Buckingham ta gayyaci ƙawarta [[Stevie Nicks]] da ta haɗu da Fritz a matsayin mawaƙiya mai goyon baya. Alaƙar soyayyarsu ta fara ne bayan sun bar Fritz shekaru biyar bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fritz |url=http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/fritz.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991011235858/http://www.fleetwoodmac.net/penguin/fritz.htm |archive-date=October 11, 1999 |access-date=May 24, 2014 |website=The Penguin Biographies |publisher=Martin Adelson and Lisa Adelson}}</ref> === 1973–1974: Buckingham Nicks === Buckingham da budurwarsa Nicks a lokacin sun yi rikodin wasannin kwaikwayo guda bakwai a shekarar 1972 a kan wani na'urar rikodin Ampex mai tsawon inci 4 da aka ajiye a masana'antar gasa kofi ta mahaifinsa da ke Daly City, sannan suka tuka mota zuwa Los Angeles don neman kwangilar rikodi . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Blair |date=February 1, 2011 |title=Music: Lindsey Buckingham in Two Worlds |url=https://www.mixonline.com/recording/music-lindsey-buckingham-two-worlds-366253 |journal=[[Mix (magazine)|Mix]] |quote=When I was about 21 some relative I didn't even know left me something like $10,000, so one of the things I did with that money was go out and buy an old Ampex half-inch 4-track—like the kind they recorded ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band|Sgt. Pepper's]]'' on, I guess. At that time, my dad had this small coffee plant in Daly City [south of San Francisco]—they were coffee roasters—and at night I would go up there with Stevie, and a lot of times just by myself, and work on songs and demos.}}</ref> A shekarar 1973, Polydor Records ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar. An fitar da kundin waƙoƙin su na studio, wanda Keith Olsen da injiniya na biyu Richard Dashut suka shirya, ''Buckingham Nicks'', suka fitar a watan Satumbar 1973; duk da haka, jim kaɗan bayan fitowarsa, Polydor ya cire su biyun saboda rashin kyawun tallace-tallace. Domin taimakawa wajen biyan buƙatun rayuwa, Buckingham ya yi rangadin yawon buɗe ido tare da ƙungiyar mawakan Don Everly, suna rera waƙoƙin Phil Everly . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] ===manazarta=== 3xn6zs51yvpou03lg88mdzv2x4n29o6 0 162682 890408 2026-08-02T05:27:49Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365344346|Lindsay Lohan]]" 890408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lindsay Dee Lohan''' ; {{Efn|Commonly pronounced by others as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|oʊ|h|æ|n}} {{respell|LOH|han}}}} an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1986) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, mawaƙiya, kuma furodusa. An sanya mata hannu a Ford Models tana da shekaru uku, kuma ta sami karbuwa tun tana ƙarama a wasan kwaikwayo a cikin waƙoƙin ''Guiding Light'' (1993) da ''Another World'' (1996–1997). Matsayinta na nasara ya zo ne da rawar da [[tagwaye]] biyu suka taka a cikin barkwancin Walt Disney mai ''suna The Parent Trap'' (1998); nasarar da ta samu ta haifar da wasu daga cikin rawar da suka taka a baya a cikin ''Life-Size'' (2000), ''Get a Clue'' (2002), ''Freaky Friday'' (2003) da ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'' (2004). Tasirin da ta yi wa Cady Heron a cikin barkwancin matasa ''mai suna Mean Girls'' (2004) ya tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin wacce ta fi shahara a matsayin jarumar mata ; Daga baya ''jaridar New Yorker'' ta sanya shi a matsayin fim mafi kyau na ƙarni na 21. Lohan ya sanya hannu tare da Casablanca Records kuma ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda biyu na studio, ''Speak'' mai takardar shaidar platinum (2004) da kuma ''A Little More Personal (Raw)'' (2005). Ta kuma fito a cikin barkwancin ''Herbie: Fully Loaded'' (2005) da ''Just My Luck'' (2006). Domin nuna irin rawar da take takawa, Lohan ta fara zaɓar rawar da take takawa a fina-finai masu zaman kansu kamar ''A Prairie Home Companion'' da ''Bobby'' (dukansu a shekarar 2006) da kuma ''Babi na 27'' (2007). Halayenta a lokacin daukar fim din wasan kwaikwayo na ''Georgia Rule'' na 2006 ya nuna farkon gwagwarmayar da ta shafe rayuwarta da aikinta tsawon kusan shekaru goma, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan jarida a jaridu saboda matsalolin shari'a da kuma matsalolin gyara hali . A yunƙurin komawa fagen wasan kwaikwayo, ta fito a cikin ''Machete'' (2010), ''Liz &amp;amp; Dick'' (2012) da kuma ''The Canyons'' (2013). Lohan, wacce Oprah Winfrey ta jagoranta, ita ce jigon shirin ''Lindsay'' (2014). Ta fara fitowa a mataki na farko a shirin ''Speed-the-Plow'' na London West End (2014), kuma ta fito a cikin shirin barkwanci ''na Sick Note'' (2018). Lohan ta fito a cikin barkwancin soyayya [[Netflix|na Netflix]] ''kamar Falling for Christmas'' (2022), ''Irish Wish'' (2024) da ''Our Little Secret'' (2024), wanda ta biyo baya tare da ''Freakier Friday'' (2025). Lambobin yabo na Lohan sun haɗa da kyaututtuka uku na MTV Movie & TV Awards, ban da zaɓen da aka yi na kyaututtuka uku na Critics' Choice Movie Awards, kyautar Saturn Award, da kyautar ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta allo . A wajen nishaɗi, Lohan ta ƙaddamar da layin tufafi a shekarar 2008, da kuma kulab da dama a Girka tsakanin 2016 da 2018. Ta bayyana a jerin sunayen taurari 100 ' Forbes na shekara-shekara daga 2004 zuwa 2005. Mutane sun sanya mata suna a cikin mata mafi kyau a duniya sau huɗu, kwanan nan a shekarar 2024. [1] [2] [3] [4] A shekarar 2007, Maxim ta sanya ta a matsayi na ɗaya a jerin matan da suka fi so a duniya a kowace shekara . [5] Lohan ta yi aure kuma tana da ɗa ɗaya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsay Dee Lohan a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1986, a Bronx, ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi biyar na birnin New York, kuma ta girma a Merrick da Cold Spring Harbor a Long Island, New York. Ita ce babban ɗa ga Dina (née Sullivan) da [[Michael Lohan]] . Mahaifinta, tsohon ɗan kasuwa a Wall Street, ya fuskanci matsala da doka a lokuta da dama. <ref name="ap20070806" /> Mahaifiyarta tsohuwar mawaƙiya ce kuma mai rawa. <ref name="bio.">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan biography |url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/lindsay-lohan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427161919/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/lindsay-lohan.html |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |access-date=March 19, 2010 |website=[[Biography (TV program)|Biography]]}}</ref> Lohan tana da ƙanne uku, waɗanda dukkansu sun kasance samfura ko 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Michael Jr., wanda ya fito tare da ita a cikin ''The Parent Trap'' a 1998, Aliana, wanda aka fi sani da "Ali", da Dakota "Cody" Lohan. 'Yan'uwan suna da asali daga Ireland da Italiya, kuma an rene su [[Cocin katolika|a matsayin Katolika]] . Kakannin kakanninsu na uwa "sanannu ne a cikin Katolika na Irish ", kuma kakan su, John L. Sullivan, ɗaya ne daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Pro-life Party a Long Island. Ta fara karatun gida tun tana aji 11. Iyayen Lohan sun yi aure a shekarar 1985, sun rabu lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku, daga baya suka sake haɗuwa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Peretz|2006}}. </ref> Sun sake rabuwa a shekarar 2005 kuma suka kammala rabuwarsu a shekarar 2007. == Sana'a == === Farkon aiki da ci gaba (1989–2002) === Lohan ta fara aikinta na ƙirar mota tun tana ƙarama tare da Ford Models tana da shekaru uku. <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan |url=http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729184701/http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2010 |publisher=[[People (magazine)|People.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wa Calvin Klein Kids da Abercrombie kwalliya, kuma ta fito a cikin tallace-tallace sama da 60 na talabijin don samfuran kamar [[Pizza Hut]] da Wendy's, da kuma wurin Jell-O tare da [[Bill Cosby]] . <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Ɗaya daga cikin rawar da ta fara takawa ita ce ta taka rawar Chrissie a wani shiri na shirin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin ''mai suna Guiding Light'' a shekarar 1993. Lokacin da Lohan ta cika shekara 10, lokacin da ta taka rawar Alexandra "Alli" Fowler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soap opera ''Another World'', ''Mujallar Soap Opera'' ta ce an riga an ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙwararriyar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin wasan kwaikwayo. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Lohan ta ci gaba da taka rawarta a cikin wani fim ''mai suna Another World'' na tsawon shekara guda, kafin ta tafi ta fito a cikin barkwancin iyali na Disney na 1998 ''mai suna The Parent Trap'', wani sabon fim na 1961 . Ta taka rawar tagwaye biyu, waɗanda aka raba tun suna ƙanana, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin haɗa iyayensu da suka sake aure, waɗanda Dennis Quaid da Natasha Richardson suka taka. <ref name="wills">{{Cite web |last=Wills |first=Dominic |title=Lindsay Lohan Biography |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/lindsay-lohan/biography/153 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813192426/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/lindsay-lohan/biography/153 |archive-date=August 13, 2012 |access-date=February 1, 2010 |publisher=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]]}}</ref> <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan |url=http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729184701/http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2010 |publisher=[[People (magazine)|People.com]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography "Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan"]. </cite></ref> Fim ɗin ya samu dala $92&nbsp;miliyan a duk duniya kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau. <ref name="tptbox">{{Cite web |title=The Parent Trap (1998) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parenttrap98.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125184134/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parenttrap98.htm |archive-date=November 25, 2009 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 1998 |title=The Parent Trap (1998) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/1083414-parent_trap/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729104544/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1083414-parent_trap/ |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Lohan ta sami yabo gaba ɗaya saboda wasanta na farko. Mai suka Kenneth Turan ya kira Lohan "ruhin wannan fim ɗin kamar yadda Hayley Mills ta kasance ta asali", yana mai cewa "ta fi wanda ya gabace ta ƙwarewa wajen ƙirƙirar halaye biyu daban-daban." Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Lohan ta Matasan Mawaka saboda mafi kyawun rawar da ya taka a fim ɗin da kuma kwangilar fina-finai uku da Disney. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=20th Annual Awards |url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010430163845/http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms20.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2001 |access-date=October 18, 2009 |publisher=The Young Artist Foundation}}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, Lohan ta taka rawar 'yar Bette Midler a cikin shirin gwaji na ɗan gajeren lokaci na shirin ''Bette'', amma ta yi murabus daga matsayinta lokacin da shirin ya koma daga New York zuwa Los Angeles. <ref name="wills" /> <ref name="Biography.com">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan – Biography on Bio |url=http://www.biography.com/people/lindsay-lohan-16599978#synopsis |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221083801/http://www.biography.com/people/lindsay-lohan-16599978 |archive-date=December 21, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2014 |website=Biography.com}}</ref> Lohan ta fito a fina-finai biyu da aka yi don talabijin: ''Life-Size'' tare da [[Tyra Banks]] a shekarar 2000, da kuma ''Get a Clue'' a shekarar 2002. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Emilio Estefan da matarsa, [[Gloria Estefan]], sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar samar da kundin waƙoƙi biyar a watan Satumba na 2002. === Haɓaka matsayi (2003–2005) === A shekara ta 2003, Lohan ta fito tare da [[Jamie Lee Curtis]] a cikin wani sabon fim mai suna ''Freaky Friday'', wanda ya fito a matsayin uwa da 'ya mace waɗanda suka canza jiki kuma dole ne su ɗauki matsayin junansu. A bisa ga himmar Lohan, an sake rubuta halinta kuma aka canza shi daga salon Goth zuwa mafi shahara. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Peretz|2006}}. </ref> An yaba mata sosai a wasan kwaikwayonta. Mai suka Roger Ebert ya rubuta cewa Lohan "tana da irin wannan [[Jodie Foster]] mai mahimmanci da kuma mai da hankali kan niyya a ƙarƙashin halayenta na kuruciya." ''Freaky Friday'' ta sami kyautar Lohan don Breakthrough Performance a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan fina-finai na MTV na 2004, kuma, {{As of|2015}} , shi ne fim ɗinta mafi nasara a fannin kasuwanci, inda ta samu dala $160&nbsp;miliyan 87 a duk duniya, kuma&nbsp;ƙimar amincewa da kashi ɗaya akan Tumatir Rotten . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2004 Movie Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2004/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423094925/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2004/ |archive-date=April 23, 2008 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |website=MTV}}</ref> <ref name="ffbox">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=lindsaylohan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327104424/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=lindsaylohan.htm |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |access-date=August 26, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan – Rotten Tomatoes Celebrity Profile |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lindsay_lohan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025005904/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lindsay_lohan |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=August 19, 2019 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Matsayinta ya buƙaci ta koyi yadda ake buga gitar da kuma waƙa. Ta yi rikodin waƙa don fim ɗin, " Ultimate ", wanda aka fitar wa Radio Disney don taimakawa wajen tallata fim ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonzales |first=Erica |date=August 6, 2023 |title=Twenty Years Later, 'Ultimate' From Freaky Friday Still Rocks |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a44737628/freaky-friday-anniversary-ultimate-song/ |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Lohan ya taka rawa a manyan fina-finai guda biyu. Fim ɗin farko, fim ɗin Disney mai suna ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'', ya sami jimillar kuɗin shiga na gidan yanar gizo na dala $29.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da Brandon Gray na Ofishin Box Office Mojo yana mai cewa "ya wuce tsammanin domin kawai ga ƙananan 'yan mata ne." <ref name="mgbox" /> Amma fim ɗin bai samu yabo mai yawa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2004 |title=Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209081444/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen/ |archive-date=February 9, 2010 |access-date=October 21, 2009 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Robert K. Elder na ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' ya rubuta cewa "kodayake har yanzu tauraro ne mai ban sha'awa, Lohan za ta yi ɗan tuba kafin a yafe mata ''Ikirarin'' da ta yi." Matsayinta na biyu a matsayin jagora a wannan shekarar, a cikin barkwancin matasa mai suna ''Mean Girls'', ya zama fim na farko da Lohan ya fito ba tare da Disney ba. Fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai a fannin kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala $129&nbsp;miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya kuma, a cewar Brandon Gray, "tana ƙarfafa matsayinta a matsayin sabuwar sarauniyar fina-finan matasa." <ref name="mgbox">{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Brandon |date=May 3, 2004 |title='Mean Girls' Surprisingly Nice $24.4M Weekend |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1325&p=.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828045619/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1325&p=.htm |archive-date=August 28, 2009 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2004 |title=Mean Girls (2004) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/mean_girls/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426113027/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mean_girls/ |archive-date=April 26, 2010 |access-date=April 20, 2010 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mean Girls (2004) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meangirls.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627040033/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meangirls.htm |archive-date=June 27, 2009 |access-date=October 17, 2009 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Mick LaSalle daga ''San Francisco Chronicle'' ya rubuta cewa "Lohan tana da tausayi da jan hankali, wuri mai kyau don tausayawa masu sauraro." David Rooney daga ''Variety'' ya ce "Lohan yana nuna kyawawan halaye, kirki da kuma lokacin barkwanci mai kyau." Lohan ta sami kyaututtuka huɗu a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Teen Choice Awards na ''Freaky Friday'' da ''Mean Girls'' na 2004, ciki har da Breakout Movie Star. ''Mean Girls'' ta kuma sami kyaututtuka biyu a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan fina-finai na MTV na 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Movie Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2005/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513212131/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2005/ |archive-date=May 13, 2016 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Richard Brody, mai sukar jaridar ''The New Yorker,'' ya sanya wasan kwaikwayon Lohan a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Mean Girls''' a matsayi na goma sha ɗaya a cikin jerin "Mafi kyawun Fina-finan Ƙarni Zuwa Yanzu". [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] onb6rremb8ha8wetu43e8dlyx2u5q4b 890409 890408 2026-08-02T05:28:47Z Abusule dankofa 24259 890409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsay Dee Lohan''' ; {{Efn|Commonly pronounced by others as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|oʊ|h|æ|n}} {{respell|LOH|han}}}} an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1986) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, mawaƙiya, kuma furodusa. An sanya mata hannu a Ford Models tana da shekaru uku, kuma ta sami karbuwa tun tana ƙarama a wasan kwaikwayo a cikin waƙoƙin ''Guiding Light'' (1993) da ''Another World'' (1996–1997). Matsayinta na nasara ya zo ne da rawar da [[tagwaye]] biyu suka taka a cikin barkwancin Walt Disney mai ''suna The Parent Trap'' (1998); nasarar da ta samu ta haifar da wasu daga cikin rawar da suka taka a baya a cikin ''Life-Size'' (2000), ''Get a Clue'' (2002), ''Freaky Friday'' (2003) da ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'' (2004). Tasirin da ta yi wa Cady Heron a cikin barkwancin matasa ''mai suna Mean Girls'' (2004) ya tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin wacce ta fi shahara a matsayin jarumar mata ; Daga baya ''jaridar New Yorker'' ta sanya shi a matsayin fim mafi kyau na ƙarni na 21. Lohan ya sanya hannu tare da Casablanca Records kuma ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda biyu na studio, ''Speak'' mai takardar shaidar platinum (2004) da kuma ''A Little More Personal (Raw)'' (2005). Ta kuma fito a cikin barkwancin ''Herbie: Fully Loaded'' (2005) da ''Just My Luck'' (2006). Domin nuna irin rawar da take takawa, Lohan ta fara zaɓar rawar da take takawa a fina-finai masu zaman kansu kamar ''A Prairie Home Companion'' da ''Bobby'' (dukansu a shekarar 2006) da kuma ''Babi na 27'' (2007). Halayenta a lokacin daukar fim din wasan kwaikwayo na ''Georgia Rule'' na 2006 ya nuna farkon gwagwarmayar da ta shafe rayuwarta da aikinta tsawon kusan shekaru goma, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan jarida a jaridu saboda matsalolin shari'a da kuma matsalolin gyara hali . A yunƙurin komawa fagen wasan kwaikwayo, ta fito a cikin ''Machete'' (2010), ''Liz &amp;amp; Dick'' (2012) da kuma ''The Canyons'' (2013). Lohan, wacce Oprah Winfrey ta jagoranta, ita ce jigon shirin ''Lindsay'' (2014). Ta fara fitowa a mataki na farko a shirin ''Speed-the-Plow'' na London West End (2014), kuma ta fito a cikin shirin barkwanci ''na Sick Note'' (2018). Lohan ta fito a cikin barkwancin soyayya [[Netflix|na Netflix]] ''kamar Falling for Christmas'' (2022), ''Irish Wish'' (2024) da ''Our Little Secret'' (2024), wanda ta biyo baya tare da ''Freakier Friday'' (2025). Lambobin yabo na Lohan sun haɗa da kyaututtuka uku na MTV Movie & TV Awards, ban da zaɓen da aka yi na kyaututtuka uku na Critics' Choice Movie Awards, kyautar Saturn Award, da kyautar ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta allo . A wajen nishaɗi, Lohan ta ƙaddamar da layin tufafi a shekarar 2008, da kuma kulab da dama a Girka tsakanin 2016 da 2018. Ta bayyana a jerin sunayen taurari 100 ' Forbes na shekara-shekara daga 2004 zuwa 2005. Mutane sun sanya mata suna a cikin mata mafi kyau a duniya sau huɗu, kwanan nan a shekarar 2024. [1] [2] [3] [4] A shekarar 2007, Maxim ta sanya ta a matsayi na ɗaya a jerin matan da suka fi so a duniya a kowace shekara . [5] Lohan ta yi aure kuma tana da ɗa ɗaya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsay Dee Lohan a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1986, a Bronx, ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi biyar na birnin New York, kuma ta girma a Merrick da Cold Spring Harbor a Long Island, New York. Ita ce babban ɗa ga Dina (née Sullivan) da [[Michael Lohan]] . Mahaifinta, tsohon ɗan kasuwa a Wall Street, ya fuskanci matsala da doka a lokuta da dama. <ref name="ap20070806" /> Mahaifiyarta tsohuwar mawaƙiya ce kuma mai rawa. <ref name="bio.">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan biography |url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/lindsay-lohan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427161919/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/lindsay-lohan.html |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |access-date=March 19, 2010 |website=[[Biography (TV program)|Biography]]}}</ref> Lohan tana da ƙanne uku, waɗanda dukkansu sun kasance samfura ko 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Michael Jr., wanda ya fito tare da ita a cikin ''The Parent Trap'' a 1998, Aliana, wanda aka fi sani da "Ali", da Dakota "Cody" Lohan. 'Yan'uwan suna da asali daga Ireland da Italiya, kuma an rene su [[Cocin katolika|a matsayin Katolika]] . Kakannin kakanninsu na uwa "sanannu ne a cikin Katolika na Irish ", kuma kakan su, John L. Sullivan, ɗaya ne daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Pro-life Party a Long Island. Ta fara karatun gida tun tana aji 11. Iyayen Lohan sun yi aure a shekarar 1985, sun rabu lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku, daga baya suka sake haɗuwa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Peretz|2006}}. </ref> Sun sake rabuwa a shekarar 2005 kuma suka kammala rabuwarsu a shekarar 2007. == Sana'a == === Farkon aiki da ci gaba (1989–2002) === Lohan ta fara aikinta na ƙirar mota tun tana ƙarama tare da Ford Models tana da shekaru uku. <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan |url=http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729184701/http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2010 |publisher=[[People (magazine)|People.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wa Calvin Klein Kids da Abercrombie kwalliya, kuma ta fito a cikin tallace-tallace sama da 60 na talabijin don samfuran kamar [[Pizza Hut]] da Wendy's, da kuma wurin Jell-O tare da [[Bill Cosby]] . <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Ɗaya daga cikin rawar da ta fara takawa ita ce ta taka rawar Chrissie a wani shiri na shirin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin ''mai suna Guiding Light'' a shekarar 1993. Lokacin da Lohan ta cika shekara 10, lokacin da ta taka rawar Alexandra "Alli" Fowler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soap opera ''Another World'', ''Mujallar Soap Opera'' ta ce an riga an ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙwararriyar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin wasan kwaikwayo. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Lohan ta ci gaba da taka rawarta a cikin wani fim ''mai suna Another World'' na tsawon shekara guda, kafin ta tafi ta fito a cikin barkwancin iyali na Disney na 1998 ''mai suna The Parent Trap'', wani sabon fim na 1961 . Ta taka rawar tagwaye biyu, waɗanda aka raba tun suna ƙanana, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin haɗa iyayensu da suka sake aure, waɗanda Dennis Quaid da Natasha Richardson suka taka. <ref name="wills">{{Cite web |last=Wills |first=Dominic |title=Lindsay Lohan Biography |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/lindsay-lohan/biography/153 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813192426/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/lindsay-lohan/biography/153 |archive-date=August 13, 2012 |access-date=February 1, 2010 |publisher=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]]}}</ref> <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan |url=http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729184701/http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2010 |publisher=[[People (magazine)|People.com]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography "Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan"]. </cite></ref> Fim ɗin ya samu dala $92&nbsp;miliyan a duk duniya kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau. <ref name="tptbox">{{Cite web |title=The Parent Trap (1998) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parenttrap98.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125184134/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parenttrap98.htm |archive-date=November 25, 2009 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 1998 |title=The Parent Trap (1998) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/1083414-parent_trap/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729104544/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1083414-parent_trap/ |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Lohan ta sami yabo gaba ɗaya saboda wasanta na farko. Mai suka Kenneth Turan ya kira Lohan "ruhin wannan fim ɗin kamar yadda Hayley Mills ta kasance ta asali", yana mai cewa "ta fi wanda ya gabace ta ƙwarewa wajen ƙirƙirar halaye biyu daban-daban." Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Lohan ta Matasan Mawaka saboda mafi kyawun rawar da ya taka a fim ɗin da kuma kwangilar fina-finai uku da Disney. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=20th Annual Awards |url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010430163845/http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms20.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2001 |access-date=October 18, 2009 |publisher=The Young Artist Foundation}}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, Lohan ta taka rawar 'yar Bette Midler a cikin shirin gwaji na ɗan gajeren lokaci na shirin ''Bette'', amma ta yi murabus daga matsayinta lokacin da shirin ya koma daga New York zuwa Los Angeles. <ref name="wills" /> <ref name="Biography.com">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan – Biography on Bio |url=http://www.biography.com/people/lindsay-lohan-16599978#synopsis |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221083801/http://www.biography.com/people/lindsay-lohan-16599978 |archive-date=December 21, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2014 |website=Biography.com}}</ref> Lohan ta fito a fina-finai biyu da aka yi don talabijin: ''Life-Size'' tare da [[Tyra Banks]] a shekarar 2000, da kuma ''Get a Clue'' a shekarar 2002. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Emilio Estefan da matarsa, [[Gloria Estefan]], sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar samar da kundin waƙoƙi biyar a watan Satumba na 2002. === Haɓaka matsayi (2003–2005) === A shekara ta 2003, Lohan ta fito tare da [[Jamie Lee Curtis]] a cikin wani sabon fim mai suna ''Freaky Friday'', wanda ya fito a matsayin uwa da 'ya mace waɗanda suka canza jiki kuma dole ne su ɗauki matsayin junansu. A bisa ga himmar Lohan, an sake rubuta halinta kuma aka canza shi daga salon Goth zuwa mafi shahara. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Peretz|2006}}. </ref> An yaba mata sosai a wasan kwaikwayonta. Mai suka Roger Ebert ya rubuta cewa Lohan "tana da irin wannan [[Jodie Foster]] mai mahimmanci da kuma mai da hankali kan niyya a ƙarƙashin halayenta na kuruciya." ''Freaky Friday'' ta sami kyautar Lohan don Breakthrough Performance a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan fina-finai na MTV na 2004, kuma, {{As of|2015}} , shi ne fim ɗinta mafi nasara a fannin kasuwanci, inda ta samu dala $160&nbsp;miliyan 87 a duk duniya, kuma&nbsp;ƙimar amincewa da kashi ɗaya akan Tumatir Rotten . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2004 Movie Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2004/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423094925/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2004/ |archive-date=April 23, 2008 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |website=MTV}}</ref> <ref name="ffbox">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=lindsaylohan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327104424/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=lindsaylohan.htm |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |access-date=August 26, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan – Rotten Tomatoes Celebrity Profile |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lindsay_lohan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025005904/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lindsay_lohan |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=August 19, 2019 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Matsayinta ya buƙaci ta koyi yadda ake buga gitar da kuma waƙa. Ta yi rikodin waƙa don fim ɗin, " Ultimate ", wanda aka fitar wa Radio Disney don taimakawa wajen tallata fim ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonzales |first=Erica |date=August 6, 2023 |title=Twenty Years Later, 'Ultimate' From Freaky Friday Still Rocks |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a44737628/freaky-friday-anniversary-ultimate-song/ |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Lohan ya taka rawa a manyan fina-finai guda biyu. Fim ɗin farko, fim ɗin Disney mai suna ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'', ya sami jimillar kuɗin shiga na gidan yanar gizo na dala $29.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da Brandon Gray na Ofishin Box Office Mojo yana mai cewa "ya wuce tsammanin domin kawai ga ƙananan 'yan mata ne." <ref name="mgbox" /> Amma fim ɗin bai samu yabo mai yawa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2004 |title=Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209081444/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen/ |archive-date=February 9, 2010 |access-date=October 21, 2009 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Robert K. Elder na ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' ya rubuta cewa "kodayake har yanzu tauraro ne mai ban sha'awa, Lohan za ta yi ɗan tuba kafin a yafe mata ''Ikirarin'' da ta yi." Matsayinta na biyu a matsayin jagora a wannan shekarar, a cikin barkwancin matasa mai suna ''Mean Girls'', ya zama fim na farko da Lohan ya fito ba tare da Disney ba. Fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai a fannin kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala $129&nbsp;miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya kuma, a cewar Brandon Gray, "tana ƙarfafa matsayinta a matsayin sabuwar sarauniyar fina-finan matasa." <ref name="mgbox">{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Brandon |date=May 3, 2004 |title='Mean Girls' Surprisingly Nice $24.4M Weekend |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1325&p=.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828045619/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1325&p=.htm |archive-date=August 28, 2009 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2004 |title=Mean Girls (2004) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/mean_girls/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426113027/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mean_girls/ |archive-date=April 26, 2010 |access-date=April 20, 2010 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mean Girls (2004) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meangirls.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627040033/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meangirls.htm |archive-date=June 27, 2009 |access-date=October 17, 2009 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Mick LaSalle daga ''San Francisco Chronicle'' ya rubuta cewa "Lohan tana da tausayi da jan hankali, wuri mai kyau don tausayawa masu sauraro." David Rooney daga ''Variety'' ya ce "Lohan yana nuna kyawawan halaye, kirki da kuma lokacin barkwanci mai kyau." Lohan ta sami kyaututtuka huɗu a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Teen Choice Awards na ''Freaky Friday'' da ''Mean Girls'' na 2004, ciki har da Breakout Movie Star. ''Mean Girls'' ta kuma sami kyaututtuka biyu a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan fina-finai na MTV na 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Movie Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2005/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513212131/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2005/ |archive-date=May 13, 2016 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Richard Brody, mai sukar jaridar ''The New Yorker,'' ya sanya wasan kwaikwayon Lohan a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Mean Girls''' a matsayi na goma sha ɗaya a cikin jerin "Mafi kyawun Fina-finan Ƙarni Zuwa Yanzu". [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] ===manazarta=== 0cgss4yscy7aazd3ivti7k5lr59uxi7 890470 890409 2026-08-02T07:52:37Z Baffa ali 47435 890470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsay Dee Lohan''' ; {{Efn|Commonly pronounced by others as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|oʊ|h|æ|n}} {{respell|LOH|han}}}} an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1986) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, mawaƙiya, kuma furodusa. An sanya mata hannu a Ford Models tana da shekaru uku, kuma ta sami karbuwa tun tana ƙarama a wasan kwaikwayo a cikin waƙoƙin ''Guiding Light'' (1993) da ''Another World'' (daga 1996 harzuwa1997). Matsayinta na nasara ya zo ne da rawar da [[tagwaye]] biyu suka taka a cikin barkwancin Walt Disney mai ''suna The Parent Trap'' (1998); nasarar da ta samu ta haifar da wasu daga cikin rawar da suka taka a baya a cikin ''Life-Size'' (2000), ''Get a Clue'' (2002), ''Freaky Friday'' (2003) da ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'' (2004). Tasirin da ta yi wa Cady Heron a cikin barkwancin matasa ''mai suna Mean Girls'' (2004) ya tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin wacce ta fi shahara a matsayin jarumar mata ; Daga baya ''jaridar New Yorker'' ta sanya shi a matsayin fim mafi kyau na ƙarni na 21. Lohan ya sanya hannu tare da Casablanca Records kuma ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda biyu na studio, ''Speak'' mai takardar shaidar platinum (2004) da kuma ''A Little More Personal (Raw)'' (2005). Ta kuma fito a cikin barkwancin ''Herbie: Fully Loaded'' (2005) da ''Just My Luck'' (2006). Domin nuna irin rawar da take takawa, Lohan ta fara zaɓar rawar da take takawa a fina-finai masu zaman kansu kamar ''A Prairie Home Companion'' da ''Bobby'' (dukansu a shekarar 2006) da kuma ''Babi na 27'' (2007). Halayenta a lokacin daukar fim din wasan kwaikwayo na ''Georgia Rule'' na 2006 ya nuna farkon gwagwarmayar da ta shafe rayuwarta da aikinta tsawon kusan shekaru goma, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan jarida a jaridu saboda matsalolin shari'a da kuma matsalolin gyara hali . A yunƙurin komawa fagen wasan kwaikwayo, ta fito a cikin ''Machete'' (2010), ''Liz &amp;amp; Dick'' (2012) da kuma ''The Canyons'' (2013). Lohan, wacce Oprah Winfrey ta jagoranta, ita ce jigon shirin ''Lindsay'' (2014). Ta fara fitowa a mataki na farko a shirin ''Speed-the-Plow'' na London West End (2014), kuma ta fito a cikin shirin barkwanci ''na Sick Note'' (2018). Lohan ta fito a cikin barkwancin soyayya [[Netflix|na Netflix]] ''kamar Falling for Christmas'' (2022), ''Irish Wish'' (2024) da ''Our Little Secret'' (2024), wanda ta biyo baya tare da ''Freakier Friday'' (2025). Lambobin yabo na Lohan sun haɗa da kyaututtuka uku na MTV Movie & TV Awards, ban da zaɓen da aka yi na kyaututtuka uku na Critics' Choice Movie Awards, kyautar Saturn Award, da kyautar ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta allo . A wajen nishaɗi, Lohan ta ƙaddamar da layin tufafi a shekarar 2008, da kuma kulab da dama a Girka tsakanin 2016 da 2018. Ta bayyana a jerin sunayen taurari 100 ' Forbes na shekara-shekara daga 2004 zuwa 2005. Mutane sun sanya mata suna a cikin mata mafi kyau a duniya sau huɗu, kwanan nan a shekarar 2024. [1] [2] [3] [4] A shekarar 2007, Maxim ta sanya ta a matsayi na ɗaya a jerin matan da suka fi so a duniya a kowace shekara . [5] Lohan ta yi aure kuma tana da ɗa ɗaya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsay Dee Lohan a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1986, a Bronx, ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi biyar na birnin New York, kuma ta girma a Merrick da Cold Spring Harbor a Long Island, New York. Ita ce babban ɗa ga Dina (née Sullivan) da [[Michael Lohan]] . Mahaifinta, tsohon ɗan kasuwa a Wall Street, ya fuskanci matsala da doka a lokuta da dama. <ref name="ap20070806" /> Mahaifiyarta tsohuwar mawaƙiya ce kuma mai rawa. <ref name="bio.">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan biography |url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/lindsay-lohan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427161919/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/lindsay-lohan.html |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |access-date=March 19, 2010 |website=[[Biography (TV program)|Biography]]}}</ref> Lohan tana da ƙanne uku, waɗanda dukkansu sun kasance samfura ko 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Michael Jr., wanda ya fito tare da ita a cikin ''The Parent Trap'' a 1998, Aliana, wanda aka fi sani da "Ali", da Dakota "Cody" Lohan. 'Yan'uwan suna da asali daga Ireland da Italiya, kuma an rene su [[Cocin katolika|a matsayin Katolika]] . Kakannin kakanninsu na uwa "sanannu ne a cikin Katolika na Irish ", kuma kakan su, John L. Sullivan, ɗaya ne daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Pro-life Party a Long Island. Ta fara karatun gida tun tana aji 11. Iyayen Lohan sun yi aure a shekarar 1985, sun rabu lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku, daga baya suka sake haɗuwa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Peretz|2006}}. </ref> Sun sake rabuwa a shekarar 2005 kuma suka kammala rabuwarsu a shekarar 2007. == Sana'a == === Farkon aiki da ci gaba (1989–2002) === Lohan ta fara aikinta na ƙirar mota tun tana ƙarama tare da Ford Models tana da shekaru uku. <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan |url=http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729184701/http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2010 |publisher=[[People (magazine)|People.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wa Calvin Klein Kids da Abercrombie kwalliya, kuma ta fito a cikin tallace-tallace sama da 60 na talabijin don samfuran kamar [[Pizza Hut]] da Wendy's, da kuma wurin Jell-O tare da [[Bill Cosby]] . <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Ɗaya daga cikin rawar da ta fara takawa ita ce ta taka rawar Chrissie a wani shiri na shirin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin ''mai suna Guiding Light'' a shekarar 1993. Lokacin da Lohan ta cika shekara 10, lokacin da ta taka rawar Alexandra "Alli" Fowler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soap opera ''Another World'', ''Mujallar Soap Opera'' ta ce an riga an ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙwararriyar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin wasan kwaikwayo. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Lohan ta ci gaba da taka rawarta a cikin wani fim ''mai suna Another World'' na tsawon shekara guda, kafin ta tafi ta fito a cikin barkwancin iyali na Disney na 1998 ''mai suna The Parent Trap'', wani sabon fim na 1961 . Ta taka rawar tagwaye biyu, waɗanda aka raba tun suna ƙanana, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin haɗa iyayensu da suka sake aure, waɗanda Dennis Quaid da Natasha Richardson suka taka. <ref name="wills">{{Cite web |last=Wills |first=Dominic |title=Lindsay Lohan Biography |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/lindsay-lohan/biography/153 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813192426/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/lindsay-lohan/biography/153 |archive-date=August 13, 2012 |access-date=February 1, 2010 |publisher=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]]}}</ref> <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan |url=http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729184701/http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2010 |publisher=[[People (magazine)|People.com]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography "Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan"]. </cite></ref> Fim ɗin ya samu dala $92&nbsp;miliyan a duk duniya kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau. <ref name="tptbox">{{Cite web |title=The Parent Trap (1998) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parenttrap98.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125184134/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parenttrap98.htm |archive-date=November 25, 2009 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 1998 |title=The Parent Trap (1998) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/1083414-parent_trap/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729104544/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1083414-parent_trap/ |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Lohan ta sami yabo gaba ɗaya saboda wasanta na farko. Mai suka Kenneth Turan ya kira Lohan "ruhin wannan fim ɗin kamar yadda Hayley Mills ta kasance ta asali", yana mai cewa "ta fi wanda ya gabace ta ƙwarewa wajen ƙirƙirar halaye biyu daban-daban." Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Lohan ta Matasan Mawaka saboda mafi kyawun rawar da ya taka a fim ɗin da kuma kwangilar fina-finai uku da Disney. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=20th Annual Awards |url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010430163845/http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms20.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2001 |access-date=October 18, 2009 |publisher=The Young Artist Foundation}}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, Lohan ta taka rawar 'yar Bette Midler a cikin shirin gwaji na ɗan gajeren lokaci na shirin ''Bette'', amma ta yi murabus daga matsayinta lokacin da shirin ya koma daga New York zuwa Los Angeles. <ref name="wills" /> <ref name="Biography.com">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan – Biography on Bio |url=http://www.biography.com/people/lindsay-lohan-16599978#synopsis |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221083801/http://www.biography.com/people/lindsay-lohan-16599978 |archive-date=December 21, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2014 |website=Biography.com}}</ref> Lohan ta fito a fina-finai biyu da aka yi don talabijin: ''Life-Size'' tare da [[Tyra Banks]] a shekarar 2000, da kuma ''Get a Clue'' a shekarar 2002. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Emilio Estefan da matarsa, [[Gloria Estefan]], sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar samar da kundin waƙoƙi biyar a watan Satumba na 2002. === Haɓaka matsayi (2003–2005) === A shekara ta 2003, Lohan ta fito tare da [[Jamie Lee Curtis]] a cikin wani sabon fim mai suna ''Freaky Friday'', wanda ya fito a matsayin uwa da 'ya mace waɗanda suka canza jiki kuma dole ne su ɗauki matsayin junansu. A bisa ga himmar Lohan, an sake rubuta halinta kuma aka canza shi daga salon Goth zuwa mafi shahara. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Peretz|2006}}. </ref> An yaba mata sosai a wasan kwaikwayonta. Mai suka Roger Ebert ya rubuta cewa Lohan "tana da irin wannan [[Jodie Foster]] mai mahimmanci da kuma mai da hankali kan niyya a ƙarƙashin halayenta na kuruciya." ''Freaky Friday'' ta sami kyautar Lohan don Breakthrough Performance a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan fina-finai na MTV na 2004, kuma, {{As of|2015}} , shi ne fim ɗinta mafi nasara a fannin kasuwanci, inda ta samu dala $160&nbsp;miliyan 87 a duk duniya, kuma&nbsp;ƙimar amincewa da kashi ɗaya akan Tumatir Rotten . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2004 Movie Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2004/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423094925/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2004/ |archive-date=April 23, 2008 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |website=MTV}}</ref> <ref name="ffbox">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=lindsaylohan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327104424/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=lindsaylohan.htm |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |access-date=August 26, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan – Rotten Tomatoes Celebrity Profile |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lindsay_lohan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025005904/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lindsay_lohan |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=August 19, 2019 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Matsayinta ya buƙaci ta koyi yadda ake buga gitar da kuma waƙa. Ta yi rikodin waƙa don fim ɗin, " Ultimate ", wanda aka fitar wa Radio Disney don taimakawa wajen tallata fim ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonzales |first=Erica |date=August 6, 2023 |title=Twenty Years Later, 'Ultimate' From Freaky Friday Still Rocks |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a44737628/freaky-friday-anniversary-ultimate-song/ |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Lohan ya taka rawa a manyan fina-finai guda biyu. Fim ɗin farko, fim ɗin Disney mai suna ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'', ya sami jimillar kuɗin shiga na gidan yanar gizo na dala $29.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da Brandon Gray na Ofishin Box Office Mojo yana mai cewa "ya wuce tsammanin domin kawai ga ƙananan 'yan mata ne." <ref name="mgbox" /> Amma fim ɗin bai samu yabo mai yawa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2004 |title=Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209081444/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen/ |archive-date=February 9, 2010 |access-date=October 21, 2009 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Robert K. Elder na ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' ya rubuta cewa "kodayake har yanzu tauraro ne mai ban sha'awa, Lohan za ta yi ɗan tuba kafin a yafe mata ''Ikirarin'' da ta yi." Matsayinta na biyu a matsayin jagora a wannan shekarar, a cikin barkwancin matasa mai suna ''Mean Girls'', ya zama fim na farko da Lohan ya fito ba tare da Disney ba. Fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai a fannin kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala $129&nbsp;miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya kuma, a cewar Brandon Gray, "tana ƙarfafa matsayinta a matsayin sabuwar sarauniyar fina-finan matasa." <ref name="mgbox">{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Brandon |date=May 3, 2004 |title='Mean Girls' Surprisingly Nice $24.4M Weekend |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1325&p=.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828045619/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1325&p=.htm |archive-date=August 28, 2009 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2004 |title=Mean Girls (2004) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/mean_girls/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426113027/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mean_girls/ |archive-date=April 26, 2010 |access-date=April 20, 2010 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mean Girls (2004) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meangirls.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627040033/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meangirls.htm |archive-date=June 27, 2009 |access-date=October 17, 2009 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Mick LaSalle daga ''San Francisco Chronicle'' ya rubuta cewa "Lohan tana da tausayi da jan hankali, wuri mai kyau don tausayawa masu sauraro." David Rooney daga ''Variety'' ya ce "Lohan yana nuna kyawawan halaye, kirki da kuma lokacin barkwanci mai kyau." Lohan ta sami kyaututtuka huɗu a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Teen Choice Awards na ''Freaky Friday'' da ''Mean Girls'' na 2004, ciki har da Breakout Movie Star. ''Mean Girls'' ta kuma sami kyaututtuka biyu a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan fina-finai na MTV na 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Movie Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2005/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513212131/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2005/ |archive-date=May 13, 2016 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Richard Brody, mai sukar jaridar ''The New Yorker,'' ya sanya wasan kwaikwayon Lohan a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Mean Girls''' a matsayi na goma sha ɗaya a cikin jerin "Mafi kyawun Fina-finan Ƙarni Zuwa Yanzu". [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] ===manazarta=== km6a0eo4v968hz4rc61dkd29m5s3lpj 890471 890470 2026-08-02T07:54:51Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Sana'a */ 890471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsay Dee Lohan''' ; {{Efn|Commonly pronounced by others as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|oʊ|h|æ|n}} {{respell|LOH|han}}}} an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1986) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, mawaƙiya, kuma furodusa. An sanya mata hannu a Ford Models tana da shekaru uku, kuma ta sami karbuwa tun tana ƙarama a wasan kwaikwayo a cikin waƙoƙin ''Guiding Light'' (1993) da ''Another World'' (daga 1996 harzuwa1997). Matsayinta na nasara ya zo ne da rawar da [[tagwaye]] biyu suka taka a cikin barkwancin Walt Disney mai ''suna The Parent Trap'' (1998); nasarar da ta samu ta haifar da wasu daga cikin rawar da suka taka a baya a cikin ''Life-Size'' (2000), ''Get a Clue'' (2002), ''Freaky Friday'' (2003) da ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'' (2004). Tasirin da ta yi wa Cady Heron a cikin barkwancin matasa ''mai suna Mean Girls'' (2004) ya tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin wacce ta fi shahara a matsayin jarumar mata ; Daga baya ''jaridar New Yorker'' ta sanya shi a matsayin fim mafi kyau na ƙarni na 21. Lohan ya sanya hannu tare da Casablanca Records kuma ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda biyu na studio, ''Speak'' mai takardar shaidar platinum (2004) da kuma ''A Little More Personal (Raw)'' (2005). Ta kuma fito a cikin barkwancin ''Herbie: Fully Loaded'' (2005) da ''Just My Luck'' (2006). Domin nuna irin rawar da take takawa, Lohan ta fara zaɓar rawar da take takawa a fina-finai masu zaman kansu kamar ''A Prairie Home Companion'' da ''Bobby'' (dukansu a shekarar 2006) da kuma ''Babi na 27'' (2007). Halayenta a lokacin daukar fim din wasan kwaikwayo na ''Georgia Rule'' na 2006 ya nuna farkon gwagwarmayar da ta shafe rayuwarta da aikinta tsawon kusan shekaru goma, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan jarida a jaridu saboda matsalolin shari'a da kuma matsalolin gyara hali . A yunƙurin komawa fagen wasan kwaikwayo, ta fito a cikin ''Machete'' (2010), ''Liz &amp;amp; Dick'' (2012) da kuma ''The Canyons'' (2013). Lohan, wacce Oprah Winfrey ta jagoranta, ita ce jigon shirin ''Lindsay'' (2014). Ta fara fitowa a mataki na farko a shirin ''Speed-the-Plow'' na London West End (2014), kuma ta fito a cikin shirin barkwanci ''na Sick Note'' (2018). Lohan ta fito a cikin barkwancin soyayya [[Netflix|na Netflix]] ''kamar Falling for Christmas'' (2022), ''Irish Wish'' (2024) da ''Our Little Secret'' (2024), wanda ta biyo baya tare da ''Freakier Friday'' (2025). Lambobin yabo na Lohan sun haɗa da kyaututtuka uku na MTV Movie & TV Awards, ban da zaɓen da aka yi na kyaututtuka uku na Critics' Choice Movie Awards, kyautar Saturn Award, da kyautar ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta allo . A wajen nishaɗi, Lohan ta ƙaddamar da layin tufafi a shekarar 2008, da kuma kulab da dama a Girka tsakanin 2016 da 2018. Ta bayyana a jerin sunayen taurari 100 ' Forbes na shekara-shekara daga 2004 zuwa 2005. Mutane sun sanya mata suna a cikin mata mafi kyau a duniya sau huɗu, kwanan nan a shekarar 2024. [1] [2] [3] [4] A shekarar 2007, Maxim ta sanya ta a matsayi na ɗaya a jerin matan da suka fi so a duniya a kowace shekara . [5] Lohan ta yi aure kuma tana da ɗa ɗaya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsay Dee Lohan a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1986, a Bronx, ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi biyar na birnin New York, kuma ta girma a Merrick da Cold Spring Harbor a Long Island, New York. Ita ce babban ɗa ga Dina (née Sullivan) da [[Michael Lohan]] . Mahaifinta, tsohon ɗan kasuwa a Wall Street, ya fuskanci matsala da doka a lokuta da dama. <ref name="ap20070806" /> Mahaifiyarta tsohuwar mawaƙiya ce kuma mai rawa. <ref name="bio.">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan biography |url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/lindsay-lohan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427161919/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/lindsay-lohan.html |archive-date=April 27, 2012 |access-date=March 19, 2010 |website=[[Biography (TV program)|Biography]]}}</ref> Lohan tana da ƙanne uku, waɗanda dukkansu sun kasance samfura ko 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Michael Jr., wanda ya fito tare da ita a cikin ''The Parent Trap'' a 1998, Aliana, wanda aka fi sani da "Ali", da Dakota "Cody" Lohan. 'Yan'uwan suna da asali daga Ireland da Italiya, kuma an rene su [[Cocin katolika|a matsayin Katolika]] . Kakannin kakanninsu na uwa "sanannu ne a cikin Katolika na Irish ", kuma kakan su, John L. Sullivan, ɗaya ne daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Pro-life Party a Long Island. Ta fara karatun gida tun tana aji 11. Iyayen Lohan sun yi aure a shekarar 1985, sun rabu lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku, daga baya suka sake haɗuwa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Peretz|2006}}. </ref> Sun sake rabuwa a shekarar 2005 kuma suka kammala rabuwarsu a shekarar 2007. == Sana'a == === Farkon aiki da ci gaba (1989 harzuwa 2002) === Lohan ta fara aikinta na ƙirar mota tun tana ƙarama tare da Ford Models tana da shekaru uku. <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan |url=http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729184701/http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2010 |publisher=[[People (magazine)|People.com]]}}</ref> Ta yi wa Calvin Klein Kids da Abercrombie kwalliya, kuma ta fito a cikin tallace-tallace sama da 60 na talabijin don samfuran kamar [[Pizza Hut]] da Wendy's, da kuma wurin Jell-O tare da [[Bill Cosby]] . <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Ɗaya daga cikin rawar da ta fara takawa ita ce ta taka rawar Chrissie a wani shiri na shirin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin ''mai suna Guiding Light'' a shekarar 1993. Lokacin da Lohan ta cika shekara 10, lokacin da ta taka rawar Alexandra "Alli" Fowler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soap opera ''Another World'', ''Mujallar Soap Opera'' ta ce an riga an ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙwararriyar mai ba da shawara kan harkokin wasan kwaikwayo. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Lohan ta ci gaba da taka rawarta a cikin wani fim ''mai suna Another World'' na tsawon shekara guda, kafin ta tafi ta fito a cikin barkwancin iyali na Disney na 1998 ''mai suna The Parent Trap'', wani sabon fim na 1961 . Ta taka rawar tagwaye biyu, waɗanda aka raba tun suna ƙanana, waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin haɗa iyayensu da suka sake aure, waɗanda Dennis Quaid da Natasha Richardson suka taka. <ref name="wills">{{Cite web |last=Wills |first=Dominic |title=Lindsay Lohan Biography |url=http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/lindsay-lohan/biography/153 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813192426/http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/lindsay-lohan/biography/153 |archive-date=August 13, 2012 |access-date=February 1, 2010 |publisher=[[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]]}}</ref> <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan |url=http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729184701/http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography |archive-date=July 29, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2010 |publisher=[[People (magazine)|People.com]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.people.com/people/lindsay_lohan/biography "Celebrity Central: Lindsay Lohan"]. </cite></ref> Fim ɗin ya samu dala $92&nbsp;miliyan a duk duniya kuma sun sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau. <ref name="tptbox">{{Cite web |title=The Parent Trap (1998) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parenttrap98.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125184134/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=parenttrap98.htm |archive-date=November 25, 2009 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 1998 |title=The Parent Trap (1998) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/1083414-parent_trap/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729104544/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1083414-parent_trap/ |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Lohan ta sami yabo gaba ɗaya saboda wasanta na farko. Mai suka Kenneth Turan ya kira Lohan "ruhin wannan fim ɗin kamar yadda Hayley Mills ta kasance ta asali", yana mai cewa "ta fi wanda ya gabace ta ƙwarewa wajen ƙirƙirar halaye biyu daban-daban." Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Lohan ta Matasan Mawaka saboda mafi kyawun rawar da ya taka a fim ɗin da kuma kwangilar fina-finai uku da Disney. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=20th Annual Awards |url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010430163845/http://www.youngartistawards.org/pastnoms20.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2001 |access-date=October 18, 2009 |publisher=The Young Artist Foundation}}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, Lohan ta taka rawar 'yar Bette Midler a cikin shirin gwaji na ɗan gajeren lokaci na shirin ''Bette'', amma ta yi murabus daga matsayinta lokacin da shirin ya koma daga New York zuwa Los Angeles. <ref name="wills" /> <ref name="Biography.com">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan – Biography on Bio |url=http://www.biography.com/people/lindsay-lohan-16599978#synopsis |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221083801/http://www.biography.com/people/lindsay-lohan-16599978 |archive-date=December 21, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2014 |website=Biography.com}}</ref> Lohan ta fito a fina-finai biyu da aka yi don talabijin: ''Life-Size'' tare da [[Tyra Banks]] a shekarar 2000, da kuma ''Get a Clue'' a shekarar 2002. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="rsbio" /> Emilio Estefan da matarsa, [[Gloria Estefan]], sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar samar da kundin waƙoƙi biyar a watan Satumba na 2002. === Haɓaka matsayi (2003 harzuwa 2005) === A shekara ta 2003, Lohan ta fito tare da [[Jamie Lee Curtis]] a cikin wani sabon fim mai suna ''Freaky Friday'', wanda ya fito a matsayin uwa da 'ya mace waɗanda suka canza jiki kuma dole ne su ɗauki matsayin junansu. A bisa ga himmar Lohan, an sake rubuta halinta kuma aka canza shi daga salon Goth zuwa mafi shahara. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Peretz|2006}}. </ref> An yaba mata sosai a wasan kwaikwayonta. Mai suka Roger Ebert ya rubuta cewa Lohan "tana da irin wannan [[Jodie Foster]] mai mahimmanci da kuma mai da hankali kan niyya a ƙarƙashin halayenta na kuruciya." ''Freaky Friday'' ta sami kyautar Lohan don Breakthrough Performance a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan fina-finai na MTV na 2004, kuma, {{As of|2015}} , shi ne fim ɗinta mafi nasara a fannin kasuwanci, inda ta samu dala $160&nbsp;miliyan 87 a duk duniya, kuma&nbsp;ƙimar amincewa da kashi ɗaya akan Tumatir Rotten . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2004 Movie Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2004/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423094925/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2004/ |archive-date=April 23, 2008 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |website=MTV}}</ref> <ref name="ffbox">{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=lindsaylohan.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327104424/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=lindsaylohan.htm |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |access-date=August 26, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Lohan – Rotten Tomatoes Celebrity Profile |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lindsay_lohan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025005904/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/lindsay_lohan |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=August 19, 2019 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Matsayinta ya buƙaci ta koyi yadda ake buga gitar da kuma waƙa. Ta yi rikodin waƙa don fim ɗin, " Ultimate ", wanda aka fitar wa Radio Disney don taimakawa wajen tallata fim ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonzales |first=Erica |date=August 6, 2023 |title=Twenty Years Later, 'Ultimate' From Freaky Friday Still Rocks |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/music/a44737628/freaky-friday-anniversary-ultimate-song/ |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Lohan ya taka rawa a manyan fina-finai guda biyu. Fim ɗin farko, fim ɗin Disney mai suna ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'', ya sami jimillar kuɗin shiga na gidan yanar gizo na dala $29.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da Brandon Gray na Ofishin Box Office Mojo yana mai cewa "ya wuce tsammanin domin kawai ga ƙananan 'yan mata ne." <ref name="mgbox" /> Amma fim ɗin bai samu yabo mai yawa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2004 |title=Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209081444/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/confessions_of_a_teenage_drama_queen/ |archive-date=February 9, 2010 |access-date=October 21, 2009 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Robert K. Elder na ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' ya rubuta cewa "kodayake har yanzu tauraro ne mai ban sha'awa, Lohan za ta yi ɗan tuba kafin a yafe mata ''Ikirarin'' da ta yi." Matsayinta na biyu a matsayin jagora a wannan shekarar, a cikin barkwancin matasa mai suna ''Mean Girls'', ya zama fim na farko da Lohan ya fito ba tare da Disney ba. Fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai a fannin kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala $129&nbsp;miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya kuma, a cewar Brandon Gray, "tana ƙarfafa matsayinta a matsayin sabuwar sarauniyar fina-finan matasa." <ref name="mgbox">{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Brandon |date=May 3, 2004 |title='Mean Girls' Surprisingly Nice $24.4M Weekend |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1325&p=.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828045619/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=1325&p=.htm |archive-date=August 28, 2009 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2004 |title=Mean Girls (2004) |url=https://rottentomatoes.com/m/mean_girls/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426113027/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mean_girls/ |archive-date=April 26, 2010 |access-date=April 20, 2010 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mean Girls (2004) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meangirls.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627040033/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meangirls.htm |archive-date=June 27, 2009 |access-date=October 17, 2009 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Mick LaSalle daga ''San Francisco Chronicle'' ya rubuta cewa "Lohan tana da tausayi da jan hankali, wuri mai kyau don tausayawa masu sauraro." David Rooney daga ''Variety'' ya ce "Lohan yana nuna kyawawan halaye, kirki da kuma lokacin barkwanci mai kyau." Lohan ta sami kyaututtuka huɗu a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Teen Choice Awards na ''Freaky Friday'' da ''Mean Girls'' na 2004, ciki har da Breakout Movie Star. ''Mean Girls'' ta kuma sami kyaututtuka biyu a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan fina-finai na MTV na 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Movie Awards Winners |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2005/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513212131/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2005/ |archive-date=May 13, 2016 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Richard Brody, mai sukar jaridar ''The New Yorker,'' ya sanya wasan kwaikwayon Lohan a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Mean Girls''' a matsayi na goma sha ɗaya a cikin jerin "Mafi kyawun Fina-finan Ƙarni Zuwa Yanzu". [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] ===manazarta=== azglwpam8jke60t5m0eppmny84shlf8 0 162683 890410 2026-08-02T05:31:06Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366888702|Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign]]" 890410 wikitext text/x-wiki Lindsey Graham, tsohon [[Seniority a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka|babban]] sanatan Amurka daga [[South Carolina]] kuma tsohon wakilin Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina, ya sanar da takararsa ta neman takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar Republican a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2015, a wani taro da aka yi a garinsu na Central, South Carolina . Duk da cewa an yaba masa saboda kyawawan ayyukan muhawara da ya yi, wanda galibi yake da ban dariya, kamfen ɗin bai taɓa samun wani tasiri ba, kuma an dakatar da shi a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2015. <ref name="GrahamSuspendsCampaign">{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Lindsey |title=Lindsey Graham on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/678947621394780160 |access-date=21 December 2015 |website=Twitter}}</ref> == Bayani == It had been speculated that Graham could be a potential presidential candidate since at least October 2014, when he had stated that he would explore running for president in the 2016 election if he were re-elected as a Senator in the 2014 election,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Topaz, Jonathan |date=October 3, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham: Marco Rubio 'not quite ready' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/10/lindsay-graham-marco-rubio-111584.html |access-date=October 3, 2014 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> and began appearing at events and discussing a potential Presidential bid.<ref name="hawksback">{{Cite web |last=Stephen F. Hayes |date=October 13, 2014 |title=The Return of the GOP Hawks |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/return-gop-hawks_808506.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005061127/http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/return-gop-hawks_808506.html |archive-date=October 5, 2014 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=The Weekly Standard}}</ref> Graham was previously considered as a possible running mate for Republican presidential nominee [[John McCain]] in the 2008 presidential election, however former Alaska governor Sarah Palin was later chosen for the job. A watan Maris na 2015, a wani taron 'yan Republican a New Hampshire, Graham ya yi kira da a soke rage kashe kudaden tsaro na baya-bayan nan, kuma ya yi ba'a: "Da ace ni ne Shugaban Amurka, da ban bar Majalisa ta bar garin ba har sai mun gyara wannan. Da a zahiri zan yi amfani da sojoji don ci gaba da kasancewa a ciki idan dole ne." [[Fayil:Lindsey_Graham_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|right|thumb| Graham yana jawabi a wani taron da Jam'iyyar Republican ta Iowa ta shirya a watan Oktoban 2015.]] A watan Afrilun 2015, Graham ya shaida wa Chris Wallace, a shirin Fox News Sunday, cewa yana da "tabbacin kashi 91%" cewa zai tsaya takarar shugaban kasa. "Idan zan iya tara kuɗin, zan yi," in ji shi. [1] A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2015, Graham ya sanar da cewa zai tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a shirin CBS This Morning, yana mai cewa yana tsayawa takara ne saboda yana tunanin "duniya tana rugujewa." Graham ya sanar da takararsa ta shugaban ƙasa a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2015, a garinsu na Central, South Carolina . A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2015, Graham ya kira [[Donald Trump]] "mai wauta" a wata hira da aka yi da shi a [[CNN]] saboda ya ji haushin Trump da ya soki John McCain. Washegari da safe ya sake kiran Trump da "wawa" a wani bidiyo da ya yi a ''CBS This Morning'' . A martanin da ya mayar, Trump ya yi wa Graham ba'a saboda neman taimakonsa don shiga ''Fox &amp;amp; Friends'' sannan ya ba shi lambar [[Salula|wayar]] Graham. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chris Moody |date=July 21, 2015 |title=Donald Trump gave Lindsey Graham's cell number to U.S. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/21/politics/donald-trump-lindsey-graham-cell-phone/ |website=CNN}}</ref> Graham ya mayar da martani ta hanyar fitar da wani bidiyo inda ya lalata wayarsa. Graham ya kasa samun damar shiga muhawarar CNN a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2015, amma ya shiga muhawarar ta biyu. Hakazalika, ya shiga cikin muhawara ta biyu a CNN (16 ga Satumba) da CNBC (28 ga Oktoba). A watan Oktoba, Graham har yanzu yana zaɓen kashi 1% ne kawai kuma ana ɗaukar takararsa a matsayin wani babban abin da zai yi tasiri. A farkon watan Nuwamba, ƙungiyar tsaro ta super PAC [[Security is Strength]] ta sayi tallan dala miliyan 1 a New Hampshire a farkon wannan shekarar, wanda hakan ya yi tasiri ga manufofin ƙasashen waje na Graham da kuma aikin soja. A ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2015, Graham ya dakatar da yakin neman zabensa <ref name="GrahamSuspendsCampaign">{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Lindsey |title=Lindsey Graham on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/678947621394780160 |access-date=21 December 2015 |website=Twitter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGraham">Graham, Lindsey. [https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/678947621394780160 "Lindsey Graham on Twitter"]. ''Twitter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> kuma, a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2016, ya goyi bayan tsohon gwamnan Florida Jeb Bush . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Killough |first=Ashley |last2=Wright |first2=David |date=January 15, 2016 |title=Lindsey Graham endorses Jeb Bush |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/15/politics/lindsey-graham-jeb-bush-endorsement/index.html?eref=rss_latest |access-date=January 15, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, da zarar Bush da Sanata Marco Rubio [[Florida|na Florida]] suka janye daga takarar, Graham ya amince da Sanata Ted Cruz [[Texas|na Texas]] a ranar 17 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Graham throws support to Ted Cruz |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/03/lindsey-graham-endorses-ted-cruz-220932 |access-date=2016-03-17 |website=POLITICO}}</ref> Amincewar Graham ga Cruz ba ta da daɗi, tana kwatanta zaɓin da ke tsakanin Cruz da Trump "kamar an harbe shi ko an sa masa guba." Bayan da Cruz ya sanar da dakatar da yakin neman zabensa na takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar Republican a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2016, Graham ya ce: "Idan muka zabi Trump, za mu lalace... kuma za mu cancanci hakan." A ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2016, Graham ya sanar da cewa ba zai kaɗa ƙuri'a ga Donald Trump ko [[Hillary Clinton]] ba, yana mai cewa: "Ina tsammanin Donald Trump zai je wuraren da mutane kaɗan suka je kuma ba zan je tare da shi ba." <ref name="Trump">{{Cite web |last=Bash, Dana |date=May 6, 2016 |title=Lindsey Graham won't vote for Trump or Clinton in 2016 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/06/politics/lindsey-graham-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-not-vote |access-date=May 7, 2016 |publisher=CNN Politics}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ya zaɓi ya rubuta ɗan takarar jam'iyya ta uku Evan McMullin . sima0rbp1kdiirm5py1l9ogbborg1v9 890411 890410 2026-08-02T05:31:50Z Abusule dankofa 24259 890411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Lindsey Graham, tsohon [[Seniority a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka|babban]] sanatan Amurka daga [[South Carolina]] kuma tsohon wakilin Amurka a gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina, ya sanar da takararsa ta neman takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar Republican a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2015, a wani taro da aka yi a garinsu na Central, South Carolina . Duk da cewa an yaba masa saboda kyawawan ayyukan muhawara da ya yi, wanda galibi yake da ban dariya, kamfen ɗin bai taɓa samun wani tasiri ba, kuma an dakatar da shi a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2015. <ref name="GrahamSuspendsCampaign">{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Lindsey |title=Lindsey Graham on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/678947621394780160 |access-date=21 December 2015 |website=Twitter}}</ref> == Bayani == It had been speculated that Graham could be a potential presidential candidate since at least October 2014, when he had stated that he would explore running for president in the 2016 election if he were re-elected as a Senator in the 2014 election,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Topaz, Jonathan |date=October 3, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham: Marco Rubio 'not quite ready' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/10/lindsay-graham-marco-rubio-111584.html |access-date=October 3, 2014 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> and began appearing at events and discussing a potential Presidential bid.<ref name="hawksback">{{Cite web |last=Stephen F. Hayes |date=October 13, 2014 |title=The Return of the GOP Hawks |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/return-gop-hawks_808506.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005061127/http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/return-gop-hawks_808506.html |archive-date=October 5, 2014 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=The Weekly Standard}}</ref> Graham was previously considered as a possible running mate for Republican presidential nominee [[John McCain]] in the 2008 presidential election, however former Alaska governor Sarah Palin was later chosen for the job. A watan Maris na 2015, a wani taron 'yan Republican a New Hampshire, Graham ya yi kira da a soke rage kashe kudaden tsaro na baya-bayan nan, kuma ya yi ba'a: "Da ace ni ne Shugaban Amurka, da ban bar Majalisa ta bar garin ba har sai mun gyara wannan. Da a zahiri zan yi amfani da sojoji don ci gaba da kasancewa a ciki idan dole ne." [[Fayil:Lindsey_Graham_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|right|thumb| Graham yana jawabi a wani taron da Jam'iyyar Republican ta Iowa ta shirya a watan Oktoban 2015.]] A watan Afrilun 2015, Graham ya shaida wa Chris Wallace, a shirin Fox News Sunday, cewa yana da "tabbacin kashi 91%" cewa zai tsaya takarar shugaban kasa. "Idan zan iya tara kuɗin, zan yi," in ji shi. [1] A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2015, Graham ya sanar da cewa zai tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a shirin CBS This Morning, yana mai cewa yana tsayawa takara ne saboda yana tunanin "duniya tana rugujewa." Graham ya sanar da takararsa ta shugaban ƙasa a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2015, a garinsu na Central, South Carolina . A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 2015, Graham ya kira [[Donald Trump]] "mai wauta" a wata hira da aka yi da shi a [[CNN]] saboda ya ji haushin Trump da ya soki John McCain. Washegari da safe ya sake kiran Trump da "wawa" a wani bidiyo da ya yi a ''CBS This Morning'' . A martanin da ya mayar, Trump ya yi wa Graham ba'a saboda neman taimakonsa don shiga ''Fox &amp;amp; Friends'' sannan ya ba shi lambar [[Salula|wayar]] Graham. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chris Moody |date=July 21, 2015 |title=Donald Trump gave Lindsey Graham's cell number to U.S. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/21/politics/donald-trump-lindsey-graham-cell-phone/ |website=CNN}}</ref> Graham ya mayar da martani ta hanyar fitar da wani bidiyo inda ya lalata wayarsa. Graham ya kasa samun damar shiga muhawarar CNN a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2015, amma ya shiga muhawarar ta biyu. Hakazalika, ya shiga cikin muhawara ta biyu a CNN (16 ga Satumba) da CNBC (28 ga Oktoba). A watan Oktoba, Graham har yanzu yana zaɓen kashi 1% ne kawai kuma ana ɗaukar takararsa a matsayin wani babban abin da zai yi tasiri. A farkon watan Nuwamba, ƙungiyar tsaro ta super PAC [[Security is Strength]] ta sayi tallan dala miliyan 1 a New Hampshire a farkon wannan shekarar, wanda hakan ya yi tasiri ga manufofin ƙasashen waje na Graham da kuma aikin soja. A ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2015, Graham ya dakatar da yakin neman zabensa <ref name="GrahamSuspendsCampaign">{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Lindsey |title=Lindsey Graham on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/678947621394780160 |access-date=21 December 2015 |website=Twitter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGraham">Graham, Lindsey. [https://twitter.com/LindseyGrahamSC/status/678947621394780160 "Lindsey Graham on Twitter"]. ''Twitter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> kuma, a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2016, ya goyi bayan tsohon gwamnan Florida Jeb Bush . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Killough |first=Ashley |last2=Wright |first2=David |date=January 15, 2016 |title=Lindsey Graham endorses Jeb Bush |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/15/politics/lindsey-graham-jeb-bush-endorsement/index.html?eref=rss_latest |access-date=January 15, 2016 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, da zarar Bush da Sanata Marco Rubio [[Florida|na Florida]] suka janye daga takarar, Graham ya amince da Sanata Ted Cruz [[Texas|na Texas]] a ranar 17 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Graham throws support to Ted Cruz |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-gop-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/03/lindsey-graham-endorses-ted-cruz-220932 |access-date=2016-03-17 |website=POLITICO}}</ref> Amincewar Graham ga Cruz ba ta da daɗi, tana kwatanta zaɓin da ke tsakanin Cruz da Trump "kamar an harbe shi ko an sa masa guba." Bayan da Cruz ya sanar da dakatar da yakin neman zabensa na takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar Republican a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2016, Graham ya ce: "Idan muka zabi Trump, za mu lalace... kuma za mu cancanci hakan." A ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2016, Graham ya sanar da cewa ba zai kaɗa ƙuri'a ga Donald Trump ko [[Hillary Clinton]] ba, yana mai cewa: "Ina tsammanin Donald Trump zai je wuraren da mutane kaɗan suka je kuma ba zan je tare da shi ba." <ref name="Trump">{{Cite web |last=Bash, Dana |date=May 6, 2016 |title=Lindsey Graham won't vote for Trump or Clinton in 2016 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/06/politics/lindsey-graham-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-not-vote |access-date=May 7, 2016 |publisher=CNN Politics}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ya zaɓi ya rubuta ɗan takarar jam'iyya ta uku Evan McMullin . ===manazarta=== dbp9h2xy06a2km96cd5gudaw3lywbht 0 162684 890412 2026-08-02T05:40:17Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367174198|Lindsey Graham]]" 890412 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008, 2014, da 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography "Biography"]. </cite></ref> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7shg682zt0k4340xstcx7nhe7gacwpp 890413 890412 2026-08-02T05:41:44Z Abusule dankofa 24259 890413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008, 2014, da 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography "Biography"]. </cite></ref> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== 2zr2wcyrkqrjelikxjcd4l000pfmhdr 890427 890413 2026-08-02T06:23:38Z Baffa ali 47435 890427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa da yayi na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008, 2014, da 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography "Biography"]. </cite></ref> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== 4ybkej26mh78pp9bvcrt3h5j8ftpssn 890435 890427 2026-08-02T06:30:27Z Baffa ali 47435 890435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa da yayi na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi da aka gudanar a shekarar 2008 da 2014 da kuma 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography "Biography"]. </cite></ref> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== qobikwav2q1klqmnad3xd0p4ou9f15h 890439 890435 2026-08-02T06:38:03Z Baffa ali 47435 890439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa da yayi na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi da aka gudanar a shekarar 2008 da 2014 da kuma 2020 . Ya lashe takarar zabensa a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography "Biography"]. </cite></ref> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== 5w62uuq5lrvsv41go34s5c8g9vjbvuq 890442 890439 2026-08-02T06:40:42Z Baffa ali 47435 890442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa da yayi na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi da aka gudanar a shekarar 2008 da 2014 da kuma 2020 . Ya lashe takarar zabensa a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma sai dai ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography "Biography"]. </cite></ref> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== ngn31101h55tordxdgb477icrbm8bh9 890449 890442 2026-08-02T07:05:49Z Baffa ali 47435 890449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 - 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa da yayi na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi da aka gudanar a shekarar 2008 da 2014 da kuma 2020 . Ya lashe takarar zabensa a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma sai dai ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma sai dai ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography "Biography"]. </cite></ref> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== ip4xlycoj98ry3mt0k2sqm7l6m5hp77 890468 890449 2026-08-02T07:48:46Z Baffa ali 47435 890468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 harzuwa 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa da yayi na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi da aka gudanar a shekarar 2008 da 2014 da kuma 2020 . Ya lashe takarar zabensa a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma sai dai ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma sai dai ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography "Biography"]. </cite></ref> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== nrea0mfpx2746ph0x6jl7la8qqt1ljd 0 162685 890417 2026-08-02T06:00:40Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364106535|Pearl and Hermes Atoll]]" 890417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pearl da Hermes Atoll''' (Hawaiian: '''Holoikauaua'''), wanda aka fi sani da '''Pearl da Hermes Reef''', wani bangare ne na Arewa maso yammacin tsibirin Hawaiian, rukuni na ƙananan tsibirai da tsibirai waɗanda suka zama mafi nisa arewa maso yammacin yankin tsibirin Hawaii. Atoll ɗin ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na tsibirai masu laushi da yashi, yawanci tsakanin biyar da bakwai. An lura da ƙarin a cikin tushen tarihi amma tun daga lokacin sun ɓace saboda lalacewa da hauhawar matakin teku. gtjz4ebo4pb82gftxkmmvxztxw7y576 890418 890417 2026-08-02T06:01:20Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364106535|Pearl and Hermes Atoll]]" 890418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pearl da Hermes Atoll''' (Hawaiian: '''Holoikauaua'''), wanda aka fi sani da '''Pearl da Hermes Reef''', wani bangare ne na Arewa maso yammacin tsibirin Hawaiian, rukuni na ƙananan tsibirai da tsibirai waɗanda suka zama mafi nisa arewa maso yammacin yankin tsibirin Hawaii. Atoll ɗin ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na tsibirai masu laushi da yashi, yawanci tsakanin biyar da bakwai. An lura da ƙarin a cikin tushen tarihi amma tun daga lokacin sun ɓace saboda lalacewa da hauhawar matakin teku. An sanya sunan tsibirin ne bayan Pearl da Hermes, Jirgin ruwa biyu na Ingila da suka rushe a can a cikin 1822. Ya kasance shafin yanar gizon akalla sanannun jiragen ruwa guda takwas, gami da ''Wiji Maru'' na Japan, SS ''Quartette'', kuma kwanan nan MV Casitas, wanda ya fadi a kan kogi a shekara ta 2005. im6mhaia7kjt55kcvlc0n2hrbo4s8lp 890419 890418 2026-08-02T06:05:16Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364106535|Pearl and Hermes Atoll]]" 890419 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pearl da Hermes Atoll''' (Hawaiian: '''Holoikauaua'''), wanda aka fi sani da '''Pearl da Hermes Reef''', wani bangare ne na Arewa maso yammacin tsibirin Hawaiian, rukuni na ƙananan tsibirai da tsibirai waɗanda suka zama mafi nisa arewa maso yammacin yankin tsibirin Hawaii. Atoll ɗin ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na tsibirai masu laushi da yashi, yawanci tsakanin biyar da bakwai. An lura da ƙarin a cikin tushen tarihi amma tun daga lokacin sun ɓace saboda lalacewa da hauhawar matakin teku. An sanya sunan tsibirin ne bayan Pearl da Hermes, Jirgin ruwa biyu na Ingila da suka rushe a can a cikin 1822. Ya kasance shafin yanar gizon akalla sanannun jiragen ruwa guda takwas, gami da ''Wiji Maru'' na Japan, SS ''Quartette'', kuma kwanan nan MV Casitas, wanda ya fadi a kan kogi a shekara ta 2005. Atoll wani muhimmin wurin zama ne ga tsuntsayen teku, rayuwar ruwa, da nau'in dabbobi marasa rai. Nau'in tsuntsaye ashirin da biyu suna gida da haifuwa a tsibirin, gami da kashi ashirin cikin dari na yawan mutanen duniya na albatrosses masu baƙar fata. An haɗa tsibirin a tarihi tare da sauran tsibirin Arewa maso yammacin Hawaiian a cikin kokarin kiyayewa. An haɗa shi a cikin Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 2006. Rukunin fatalwa da sauran tarkace na kamun kifi, hauhawar matakan teku, da kuma algae mai mamayewa ''Chondria tumulosa'' suna haifar da babbar haɗari ga tsibirin da namun daji. tjmuf0q7vepbavicspgv1n6hq0u64uv 890421 890419 2026-08-02T06:09:32Z Dev ammar 21046 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364106535|Pearl and Hermes Atoll]]" 890421 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pearl da Hermes Atoll''' (Hawaiian: '''Holoikauaua'''), wanda aka fi sani da '''Pearl da Hermes Reef''', wani bangare ne na Arewa maso yammacin tsibirin Hawaiian, rukuni na ƙananan tsibirai da tsibirai waɗanda suka zama mafi nisa arewa maso yammacin yankin tsibirin Hawaii. Atoll ɗin ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na tsibirai masu laushi da yashi, yawanci tsakanin biyar da bakwai. An lura da ƙarin a cikin tushen tarihi amma tun daga lokacin sun ɓace saboda lalacewa da hauhawar matakin teku. gtjz4ebo4pb82gftxkmmvxztxw7y576